text:
Third Trimester
Third Trimester Month By Month
Physical Changes and Symptoms
The third trimester begins at the 28th week of pregnancy and lasts until birth. This is usually a time of growing excitement and anticipation of the baby's arrival. After all, you are coming down the home stretch!
There is probably much thought about when labor will start and how your delivery will go. A growing sense of tension during this time is understandable, as are worries and fears about whether your baby will be healthy. Like many women during late pregnancy, you may be tired of being pregnant. You may find yourself wishing for the time to pass quickly until the birth so that you can begin to enjoy your new baby.
Third Trimester Month by Month
Seventh Month (Week 28-32)
Your baby is now about 15 inches long and weighs about 2 ¼ to 3 ¾ pounds. The baby exercises by kicking and stretching, and changing position from side to side. You might even be able to see the movement when one of the tiny heels pokes you.
You may gain another 3 or 4 pounds this month, and may also notice some slight swelling in your ankles. A slight amount of swelling is normal. You may feel better if you lie down or prop your feet up during the day.
Eighth Month (Week 33-37)
Your baby has grown to about 17 inches long and weighs about 6 pounds by the end of this month. The eyes are open and the baby changes position in the uterus. This position is maintained until the baby is born. During this month, you may gain 3 to 5 pounds. Continue your daily activities, with rest periods, but stop doing any heavy lifting or work that causes strain.
Ninth Month (Week 38-delivery)
At 40 weeks, the baby is "full-term" and weighs from 6 to 9 pounds. Your baby settles further down into your pelvis and people will say that your baby has "dropped." You may feel more comfortable and your breathing will be easier, although you may need to urinate more frequently. You will be visiting your doctor every week until your baby is born.
It is natural for your thoughts to turn to the plans that need to be made. Now is the time, for instance, to start thinking about whether you will breast feed. You will also need to choose a doctor or other health care provider for your child. You may want to meet with this caregiver before your baby's birth to get acquainted and discuss any questions you might have.
Physical Changes and Symptoms
Like the rest of your pregnancy, you will experience the third trimester in your own unique way. Some of the common signs and symptoms experienced by many women are described in this section, along with potential problems and what to expect during office visits in late pregnancy.
Before pregnancy, your uterus, a small, almost-solid organ, weighed only about 2 ounces (56 grams) and could hold a volume of less than half an ounce (about 15 milliliters). At full- term, it will weigh about 2 1/2 pounds (a little over one kilogram) and will have stretched to hold your baby, the placenta and about a quart (about a liter) of amniotic fluid. Nearly all of the physical symptoms of late pregnancy arise from this increase in the size of the uterus.
Weight Gain
Gaining an adequate amount of weight during pregnancy helps to insure an adequate birth weight for the baby. An infant whose birth weight is 7 to 8 pounds is generally much healthier than one whose weight is 5.5 lbs or less.
Because your baby's birth weight is affected by the amount of weight you gain, you should never try to lose weight during your pregnancy. Get advice from your doctor or nurse if you have questions about how much weight you should gain. With proper eating and exercise, most women return to near their prepregnancy weight at 6 months after delivery if they maintain the same diet and exercise regimen they had before pregnancy. You will usually lose weight more quickly if you breast-feed your baby.
By the end of pregnancy, the "average" woman has gained 25 to 35 pounds (11 to 16 kilograms). How much you gain will depend greatly on your weight before pregnancy. The Institute of Medicine recommends that underweight women gain 28 to 40 pounds (12 1/2 to 18 kilograms), normal-weight women gain 25 to 35 pounds (11 to 16 kilograms) and overweight women gain 15 to 25 pounds (7 to 11 kilograms). During the third trimester, most women gain an average of 11 pounds (about 5 kilograms). Your own weight gain may vary somewhat from this amount yet still be normal.
Shortness of Breath
If you are like many women in late pregnancy, you may be feeling as though you cannot get enough air. This is because your diaphragm – the broad, flat muscle that lies under your lungs – is being pushed up out of its normal place by the expanding uterus. The diaphragm rises about 1 1/2 inches (about 4 centimeters) from its usual position during pregnancy. This may seem like a small amount, but it's enough to decrease your lung capacity (the amount of air your lungs are able to take in). At the same time, the hormone progesterone acts on the respiratory center in the brain, causing you to breathe more deeply. As a result, although your total lung capacity is decreased, the volume of air you are taking in with each breath is actually increased during pregnancy.
Despite your own discomfort, you do not need to worry about your baby. Your expanded respiratory and circulatory systems are providing the baby plenty of oxygen. Your body is now carrying more blood and more oxygen-rich blood. These increases cause the oxygen level in your blood to increase, ensuring an adequate supply to your growing baby.
Improving your posture will help you to breathe better, both during and after pregnancy. Practice sitting and standing with your back straight and your shoulders back, relaxed and down. Aerobic exercise is also beneficial throughout pregnancy because it will improve breathing and lower your pulse rate. , Be careful not to overexert yourself. Consult your doctor about a safe exercise program for late pregnancy. When sleeping, lying propped up on pillows or on your side may help lessen the pressure on your diaphragm.
If none of these measures seem to help, do not be discouraged. Your breathlessness will subside during the last few weeks of pregnancy, when the baby drops farther down into your pelvis and takes the pressure off your diaphragm.
Although mild shortness of breath is common in pregnancy, more severe breathing problems may be a sign of a more serious problem, such as a blood clot in the lung. If you develop severe shortness of breath along with chest pain, discomfort while taking a deep breath, rapid pulse or rapid breathing, contact your doctor right away or go to an emergency room promptly.
Other Minor Discomforts
Hip pain
The increased hormones of pregnancy tend to cause the connective tissue in your body to soften and loosen up. One result is that the joints between the bones of your pelvis become more relaxed. The greater flexibility of these bones makes it easier for the baby to pass through them during birth. Unfortunately, it can also have the added effect of producing hip pain. Hip pain in late pregnancy usually occurs on one side. The changes in your posture, along with lower back pain that result from the heavier uterus can add to your discomfort. Exercises to strengthen your lower back and abdominal muscles may ease hip pain. Warm baths and compresses may also be helpful.
Pain, tingling or numbness running down the buttock, hip and thigh is called sciatica. The pressure of the pregnant uterus on the sciatic nerve can cause sciatica. Two sciatic nerves run from your lower back down your legs to your feet. Sciatic nerve pain during pregnancy is usually not a cause for concern. However, you should still tell your doctor about it because there are other, more rare causes of sciatica that could be more serious. When your baby changes position closer to the time of delivery, sciatic pain is likely to ease. Warm baths, a heating pad and sleeping on the opposite side may help until then.
Vaginal pain
Some women occasionally feel a sharp, stabbing pain inside the vagina during late pregnancy. This is probably linked to the cervix starting to dilate, which can happen weeks, days or hours before labor begins. It is usually nothing to be concerned about, but tell your doctor if it causes a great deal of discomfort. Any severe pain in the lower abdomen or associated vaginal bleeding should be reported to your doctor right away.
Sleeping Problems
As you get closer to delivery, you may find it more difficult to sleep through the night. There could be several reasons for this. One is the size of your abdomen, which may make it seem impossible for you to find a comfortable position. Another is the natural anticipation, or even anxiety, which you may be feeling about your baby's arrival. Insomnia can be troublesome for you, but there is no need to worry about it harming your baby.
As is the case during the second trimester, the best position for sleeping in late pregnancy is on your side, with your legs and knees bent. Lying on your side is better than on your back because it takes pressure off the large vein that carries blood from your legs and feet back to your heart. The side position is also good for taking pressure off your lower back.
Try using a pillow to support your abdomen and another one to support your upper leg. Also try leaning against a bunched-up pillow or rolled-up blanket placed at the small of your back. This can help take some of the pressure off the hip you are lying on. The relaxation exercises you learned in childbirth classes can help you cope with anxiety well before labor begins. If you are feeling restless and anxious at night instead of getting proper sleep, try some of these relaxation techniques to calm your mind and allow your body to rest.
Skin Changes
Itchy abdomen
The stretching and tightening of the skin across your abdomen during late pregnancy tends to leave it dry, making you want to scratch. Do this as little as possible. Keep your abdomen lubricated with a good moisturizing cream to help alleviate the discomfort. You may also want to try an anti-itch cream, such as one with 0.5 percent hydrocortisone in it.
Varicose veins
Varicose veins are more common in women than in men, and they often tend to be inherited. Caused by a weakness in the small veins that carry blood back to the heart, they show up as fine bluish, reddish or purplish lines under the skin, most often on the legs and ankles.
The circulatory changes of pregnancy that are designed to support the growing fetus can produce this unfortunate but common side effect. Varicose veins may surface for the first time or may worsen during late pregnancy, when the uterus exerts greater pressure on the veins in the legs. Varicose veins may cause no symptoms or may be accompanied by mild to severe pain. Measures to help prevent them, keep them from getting worse, or ease their discomforts include the following:
Although varicose veins do not go away by themselves, they generally improve greatly after delivery. In severe cases they can be removed surgically. This procedure is not normally done during pregnancy.
Vascular spiders
Spider nevi, or vascular spiders, usually arise only during pregnancy. Their name comes from the way they look – tiny, red, raised lines that branch out from the center, like a spider. They appear most often on the upper body, face and neck and are due to the effects of hormones on the circulatory system. Unlike varicose veins, spider nevi do not cause pain or discomfort, and they usually go away after delivery.
Stretch marks
The reddish or whitish streaks you may notice on your breasts, abdomen and upper thighs are common to about half of pregnant women. These are known as stretch marks, and women who aren't pregnant also get them.
Stretch marks are not necessarily related to gaining weight. In some women they can be severe even when little weight has been gained during pregnancy. Heredity is thought to play the biggest role in their development. There is no proven treatment for stretch marks. Because they develop from deep within the connective tissue underneath the skin, they cannot be prevented by anything applied externally. Contrary to some beliefs, there are no "miracle" creams or ointments that will make them magically vanish. They will, however, tend to fade slowly after delivery.
The term "PUPPP" refers to a condition called pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy. Occurring in about one of every 150 pregnancies, PUPPP is characterized by itchy, reddish, raised patches on the skin. These usually show up first on the abdomen and often spread to the arms and legs. In some women, the itching can be extreme.
Although PUPPP can be quite uncomfortable for the mother, it does not cause a risk for the baby. It is not known for certain what causes PUPPP, but there appears to be a genetic factor involved because it tends to run in families. Unlike so many of the other symptoms of pregnancy, PUPPP does not seem to be linked to increased hormone levels. When it occurs, it is nearly always in first pregnancies, and it rarely recurs in subsequent ones. Treatment of PUPPP consists of oral medications or anti-itching creams that are applied to the skin. Oatmeal baths or baking soda baths may also provide some relief. The rash-like symptoms of PUPPP will go away after delivery.
Hemorrhoids are firm, swollen pouches formed underneath the mucous membranes inside or outside the rectum. A form of varicose veins, hemorrhoids are more common during pregnancy because of increased pressure on the rectal veins. They may occur for the first time or may become more frequent or severe during pregnancy. Bleeding, itching and pain in and around the anus are among the uncomfortable symptoms of hemorrhoids. Although they sometimes require surgical treatment, they usually eventually shrink and go away on their own after delivery.
As with so many other conditions, the best way to deal with hemorrhoids is prevention. If you have had this problem before pregnancy, taking preventive measures is especially important from early pregnancy onward. Avoid becoming constipated by including high-fiber foods, fruit and vegetables and plenty of fluids in your diet. Straining during bowel movements puts pressure on the rectal veins and can cause or aggravate hemorrhoids. To treat hemorrhoids and ease their symptoms, try the following:
Occasionally, a hemorrhoid may become thrombosed (filled with blood clots). A thrombosed hemorrhoid can be very painful and may require surgical excision to alleviate the pressure.
Leaking Urine
The increased pressure of your pregnant uterus on your bladder may cause you to occasionally leak urine. You may notice this symptom when you laugh, cough or sneeze. It will most likely disappear 3-6 months after delivery.
Try to completely empty your bladder whenever you have the urge to urinate – and do not hold urine in. Frequent emptying will keep your bladder from becoming over-full, which contributes to leakage. Wear panty liners to help keep you dry. Kegel exercises can help strengthen the muscles that control urination. You do these exercises by contracting the muscles of the pelvic floor.
|Kegel Exercises:
Tighten the muscles of the pelvic floor as if you are stopping a stream of urine. Try this at frequent intervals for ten seconds at a time, four or five times in a row. Performing these exercises may help cut down on urine leakage.
You can actually feel these muscles contract during urination by stopping the flow of urine. The exercises themselves, however, should not be done regularly during urination, or when the bladder is full – since this practice could train the muscles to behave inappropriately when they are needed to empty the bladder.
For more information:
Go to the Pregnancy health topic.


text:
The perineum is the area between the vagina and the anus. It is made up of skin and muscle. During an episiotomy, an incision is made in the perineum.
Reasons for Procedure
The incision is made to make the vaginal opening larger during birth. In the past, this incision was common. But it is no longer routinely done.
Your doctor may do an episiotomy if:
The baby is:
- Premature or otherwise fragile
- Large and the shoulders may be hard to deliver
- Forceps or a vacuum are needed to assist in the delivery
Possible Complications
Some short-term complications may include:
- Bleeding
- Infection
- Bruising
- Swelling
- Difficulty controlling your bowels
Factors that may increase the risk of complications include:
- Severe scar tissue in the area
- Prior problems with chronic pain in the vulva
- Short perineum
What to Expect
Prior to Procedure
During a prenatal visit, talk to your doctor about the benefits and risks of an episiotomy.
If you have not had epidural anesthesia during labor, the doctor may use local or regional anesthesia .
Description of the Procedure
The infant's head will start to stretch the vaginal opening. Special scissors will be used to make an incision in the perineum area.
There are 2 different incisions that may be used:
- Midline incision: starts at the vagina and follows a straight line to the anus
- Mediolateral: starts at the vagina and continues at an angle
|Midline vs. Mediolateral Episiotomy
|Copyright © Nucleus Medical Media, Inc.
After delivery of the baby and placenta, your doctor will close the incision with absorbable stitches.
How Long Will It Take?
This is done during childbirth.
Will It Hurt?
If you receive anesthesia, you will not feel pain during the procedure. After delivery, most women have discomfort and swelling. You may need to take pain medication.
Average Hospital Stay
The usual length of stay for vaginal delivery is 2 days. An episiotomy will not extend your stay.
Postoperative Care
Your stitches will dissolve in about 10 days. The cut will heal within about 2 weeks. There may still be some soreness until the skin gets its natural strength back. This could take up to 6 weeks. During that time, you may find it uncomfortable to sit or walk.
While you recover:
- When your doctor tells you to, do Kegel exercises . Simply squeeze the muscles you use to stop the flow of urine. This strengthens the pelvic floor muscles and can help the area heal faster.
- Avoid having sex, douching, and using tampons for 6 weeks or as directed by your doctor.
Call Your Doctor
After arriving home, contact your doctor if any of the following occur:
- Signs of infection, including fever and chills, swelling, redness, foul-smelling discharge
- Pain that you cannot control with the medications you have been given
- Bleeding from the episiotomy site
- Continuing problems with loss of urinary or bowel control
If you think you have an emergency, call for emergency medical services right away.
American College of Nurse-Midwives http://www.midwife.org
American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists http://www.acog.org
The Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada http://www.sogc.org
Women's Health Matters http://www.womenshealthmatters.ca
Episiotomies. Brigham and Women's Hospital website. Available at: http://www.brighamandwomens.org/departments%5Fand%5Fservices/obgyn/services/midwifery/patient/episiotomies.aspx. Accessed September 12, 2017.
Episiotomy. ACOG practice bulletin No. 71. Obstet Gynecol. 2006;107:957-962.
Episiotomy. American Pregnancy Association website. Available at: http://www.americanpregnancy.org/labornbirth/episiotomy.html. Updated August 2015. Accessed September 12, 2017.
Revision Information
- Reviewer: EBSCO Medical Review Board Beverly Siegal, MD, FACOG
- Review Date: 09/2018
- Update Date: 09/24/2014

subset: commoncrawl


text:
AirAsia Premium Red Lounge
Looking for a place to relax and unwind before your flight at klia2? Look no further. The AirAsia Premium Red Lounge is a warm and inviting space, an airport retreat where you can sit back, chill and even catch up on unfinished business before continuing your journey with us.
Prepare for your next flight with our array of delectable and fresh selection of food served daily at our café, offering local as well as fusion cuisine to suit your palate. Alcoholic beverage is also available for purchase.
With a VIP room fully equipped to satisfy your needs, you can be on top of business even when you're travelling. Our lounge also comes with multiple workstations, charging area as well as reliable Internet connectivity throughout the lounge.
Unwind at our sunroom overlooking the airport runway or even continue reading that best seller at one of the beanbags in the loft. You can also freshen up at our wash and change rooms so you can feel recharged for your next flight.
Lounge Access
Our lounge is located at klia2 International Departure, Mezzanine Level (Airside), and is open 24 hours. Access to our lounge is available for Premium Flatbed and Premium Flex guests travelling on an international flight out of Kuala Lumpur.
|Premium Flex & Premium Flatbed guests
|Walk-in guest
|Pre-book guests**
|Complimentary for the first 3 hours*
|RM 85.00 per entry (3 hours)
*Complimentary (for children aged 0 - 2 years old)
|RM 75.00 per entry (3 hours)
*RM 27.00 charge applicable for every additional hour (after the first 3 hours).
**Pre-book is only available via the BIG Member account for AirAsia (AK) & AirAsia X (D7) guests departing Kuala Lumpur.
Location of the lounge
Have a question? Get your answers from our AirAsia Premium Red Lounge FAQ.
Terms and conditions apply.


text:
The CDC has awarded the UH department of health and human performance $4.25 million over four years to create an innovative evaluation method that will examine and compare three comprehensive childhood obesity programs. The goal is to provide evidence-based recommendations to policymakers., as part of the Affordable Care Act (ACA): Childhood Obesity Research Demonstration Initiative to support the effort.
"Resolving this critical issue will require efforts that target multiple sectors and layers of society, as well as changes in public policy," said Daniel P. O'Connor, HHP associate professor and principal investigator. "Intervention efforts mean more than encouraging children to 'eat less and exercise more.' Our evaluation of these multifaceted programs must reflect the complexities of the problem and interventions if we are to gain valid and useful information."
A recent National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey found that nearly 17 percent of children and adolescents aged 2 to 19 years old are obese. Among children between the ages of 2 to 5 years old, obesity increased more than 5 percent in survey years from 1976-1980 and 2007 – 2008. In that same timeframe, obesity levels for children ages 6 – 11 increased more than 13 percent.
O'Connor and a multidisciplinary team of health researchers from UH's Texas Obesity Research Center (TORC) and Texas Institute for Measurement, Evaluation and Statistics (TIMES) will serve as the evaluation center component of the overall project. The project will evaluate three large-scale childhood obesity demonstration projects being implemented by CDC and researchers in three metropolitan regions.
These programs will be aimed at underserved children between the ages of 2 and 12. They will be disseminated not only among families and schools, but also through health care providers, community and faith-based organizations and the private sector, as well as incorporate changes in public and institutional policies. With data collected from the three programs, the UH team will provide a comprehensive evaluation of the various aspects of each programs' delivery, effectiveness, feasibility and sustainability.
The project is part of a larger effort from the CDC's National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion to create "Healthy People 2020," a multi-level, multi-sector intervention program that links primary care with public health approaches and promotes behavioral and policy changes.
"The results will be used to make evidence-based recommendations to inform policy and resource decision-makers about enacting such programs nationally," he said. "Additionally, we will create an 'evaluation toolbox' of methods that can be used to evaluate other types of complex programs and make policy recommendations in the future."
The Texas Obesity Research Center, housed in the department of health and human performance, promotes interdisciplinary and longitudinal research, education and training, and fosters local community collaborations to investigate the many causes of obesity and its consequences.
The mission of TIMES is to advance scientific discovery through the development and application of measurement, evaluation and statistical research methods.
"This is a tremendous opportunity to have a significant impact on a growing epidemic in our country," said Chuck Layne, chair of the department of health and human performance. "That Dr. O'Connor has been able to assemble such an incredibly diverse and talented team of investigators from the University of Houston is a testament to the Tier One faculty who choose this city and this university to pursue their great work."
For more information on the UH Texas Obesity Research Center: http://www.hhp.uh.edu/obesity/
For more information on UH TIMES: http://www.tlc2.uh.edu/times/
For more information on the CDC's Health People 2020: http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/default.aspx


text:
Laws, Regulations & Annotations
Business Taxes Law Guide – Revision 2019
Cigarette and Tobacco Products Tax Law
Article 1.5. Notice to Withhold
Section 30311
30311. Notice to creditors. If any person is delinquent in the payment of the amount required to be paid by him or in the event a determination has been made against him which remains unpaid, the board may, not later than three years after the payment became delinquent, or within 10 years after the last recording or filing of a notice of state tax lien under Section 7171 of the Government Code, give notice thereof personally or by first-class mail to all persons, including any officer or department of the state or any political subdivision or agency of the state, having in their possession or under their control any credits or other personal property belonging to the delinquent, or person against whom a determination has been made which remains unpaid, or owing any debts to the delinquent or such person. In the case of any state officer, department or agency, the notice shall be given to such officer, department or agency prior to the time it presents the claim of the delinquent taxpayer to the State Controller.
History.—Stats. 1971, p. 3529, operative on and after January 1, 1972, applicable only with respect to certificates of lien or abstract of judgment filed on or after that date. Substitutes "10 years after last recording" for "3 years after last recording". Stats. 1977, Ch. 481, operative July 1, 1978, deleted "of a certificate" and substituted "or filing of a notice of state tax lien" following "last recording". Stats. 1978, Ch. 827, effective January 1, 1979, substituted "first-class" for "registered". Stats. 1980, Ch. 600, operative January 1, 1981, substituted "Section 7171 of the Government Code" for "Section 30322".


text:
29 New Honda Vehicles | Honda Dealer Serving Bluffton SC
New Cars, SUVs, and Trucks for Sale in Hilton Head
Welcome to our Honda dealership in Hilton Head! If you are thinking about taking home a new Honda soon or if you are simply curious about the latest features available in new models, we are ready to help you. Honda has a solid reputation for innovation and reliability, and you can expect to find these elements in any vehicle on our lot today. Our dealership has an incredible inventory of new vehicles that you can explore in detail when you stop by and visit with us soon. Our models are available in multiple trims and with numerous packages, options and color selections. With our huge selection, you can easily compare the options in person and make a selection that you will be thrilled about for the next several years or more.
Benefits of Buying New Cars
Our customers who choose to take home a new Honda soon may be thrilled by the head-turning style of our vehicles. Our new models are designed with quality materials, exceptional tech equipment and innovative safety features. From our smallest compact car models to our larger SUVs and trucks, you can expect to be impressed each time you slide behind the wheel. Our new models offer more than just access to the freshest style and most appealing features. When you decide to buy a new Honda, you can appreciate the overall value that comes from buying a well-built vehicle designed with quality in mind. You are the first owner, so you have complete control over the vehicle's care and maintenance history. In addition, we often have promotions available on a few models that can help our customers save money. Our sales reps are thrilled to tell you more about current offers that can generate even more value from your upcoming Honda purchase.
Quality New Cars
When you take home a new Honda, you can feel confident that you are buying a vehicle that is designed with reliability and overall quality in mind. All of our beautiful models and trims are produced with quality materials and superior manufacturing processes. Even with the profound steps that are taken to produce high-quality models, we are aware that there is always a possibility of a manufacturer defect in a new vehicle. Our Honda dealership in Hilton Head values your business and is committed to your satisfaction. We carefully inspect all of our vehicles before they are released for our customers to purchase, and this includes both new and pre-owned vehicles. If we identify any concerns through our multi-point inspection process, those issues will be corrected. By taking home a new Honda from our reputable auto dealership, you can rest assured that your vehicle will have superior quality.
Selecting a new Honda to drive home in is a significant matter, and we understand the impact that your purchase can have on your life in various ways. In addition to providing you with a large inventory of quality Honda models to consider, we also provide you with supportive customer service from our knowledgeable sales team. Our sales associates take the time to help you get into the right Honda in a no-pressure environment. To inquire about our models and to take your top picks out for a test drive, contact our office today.


text:
All towns and cities in Cape Breton County were amalgamated in the mid 1990's, and are now governed by the Cape Breton Regional Municipality. Fire services were divided into regions, listed below.
Please click on the 'Wiki' link above (next to the 'Discuss' link) for additional information about this county.
Municipal police covering Cape Breton Regional Municipality
Alpha Group stations: Ashby, Coxheath, Grand Lake Rd, Howie Ctr, Mira Rd, South Bar, Sydney River, Westmount, Whitney Pier.
Bravo Group stations: Birch Grove, Dominion, Donkin, Port Morien, Reserve Mines, Tower Rd
Charlie Group stations: New Victoria, New Waterford, Scotchtown
Delta Group stations: French Vale, George's River, North Sydney
Echo Group stations: Florence, Sydney Mines
Foxtrot Group stations: Albert Bridge, Bateston
Golf Group stations: Gabarus, Louisbourg
Kilo Group stations: Big Pond, East Bay, North Side East Bay


text:
Brendon S necesitaba un nuevo diseño de página web y lanzó un concurso de diseño en 99designs.
Un ganador ha sido elegido entre 103 diseños de 32 diseñadores freelance.
We're looking for an elegant site design for Spinal Injuries Association.
It will provide 'about us' information, articles and information for members, facts about spinal cord injury, educational information, and instructions for donations.
Spinal Injuries Association is a charitable organisation in Australia. It provides information and support to people with spinal cord injuries. The website will offer information about the spine, how it can be injured, and how to prevent injury.We'll provide educational material, and news releases. We'll ask for donations and participation from our visitors.We require the logo and Quality Assurance logo on the home page please - not too big and down the bottom might be best.
Quality Assurance logo: http://www.tailored.com.au/spinal/QA-logo.gif
Top level menu:
- Home
- About Us
- Our Services
- Information
- Education
- How You Can Help
- In The News
- Work with us
- ResourcesI imagine the menu should be to the left of a 2 or 3 column layout. Given the size of the menu, I don't expect it will fit in a top horizontal design.We'd also like a 'Featured' block available for a graphic announcing special upcoming events such as a Gala Dinner, Spinal Awareness Week, etc.
We will offer a "What's New" block of text for each 'area' of the site. Eg, if you are in the "Education" page or any subpages, this "What's new" block should tell you that the 'injury prevention' page was recently added.
This could go in the left column below the menu, or it could in a 3rd right column. We'll rely on your creativity to see what looks good.We could have a header block, with the logo, a search box, and a donate button. Again, use your creativity.
Update from client:
Would rather see lots of great photos of people who use wheelchairs doing empowering and also everyday life things on the homepage. Homepage needs to reflect that we're all about rebuilding lives and empowering people.
Probably stick with green as the theme colour but overall would like to see them looking a bit more colourful and exciting. Maybe a banner of photos/images across the top with the logo?
Would rather just a couple of paragraphs on the homepage welcoming people to our page, introducing the Association and briefly outlining what we do. All the more detailed info. about who we are and what we do etc. will go on the 'about us' pages. Hopefully this frees up room on the homepage to include 6 (or more?) updatable feature blocks/boxes/areas.
We're also looking for more of a friendly, interactive, interesting look promoting our 'caring and sharing' not-for-profit nature. Still professional looking but not so corporate looking.
- Elegant and energetic design
- Menu should support dropdowns on hover for subpages
- Should be a two column layout – possibly a 3 column layout
- Menu should be vertical, in the left column
- Every page will have a "Donate Now" button
- Room for a basic "Search" field
Deliverable is only the PSD.


text:
Last night Brian Oxman said people surrounding Michael Jackson were enabling his prescription drug abuse. Today on Good Morning America, Oxman elaborated on why Jackson was taking pain killers and said the family was trying to intervene. Clip at left.
Earlier: Jackson Family Spokesman: This Is A Case Of Abuse Of Medications


text:
One reason the California legislature gets a bad rap lies with its penchant for succumbing to the pressure of special interests.
How many times have we seen this revenues-challenged body back away from increasing taxes on tobacco, liquor, oil, candy, and other low-taxes or, even worse no taxed products?
How many times have we witnessed the legislature refuse to withdraw tax breaks from corporations and specialized industries because of the pressure from their various trade associations? Anyone who walks the halls of the legislature sees such interaction on an almost daily basis.
U.S. & World
That's why it's a breath of fresh air when the legislature ignores private pressures in the name of the public good.
Recent foreclosure relief legislation passed by the legislature and signed by Governor Brown yesterday stands out as such an example.
Known as the Homeowner Bill of Rights, the legislation protects homeowners from aggressive bank efforts to seize their homes when the homeowner is seeking a loan modification.
The new law also requires banks to tell borrowers why they are denied a loan modification, if such rejection occurs.
Simply put, the legislation attempts to bring order and clarity to the often contentious relationship between a homeowner and the lender.
The law, the first passed by any state, was inspired in part by the success of state Attorney General Kamala Harris, who successfully negotiated a major settlement from the nation's largest banks for illegal lending practices.
As with most controversial legislative proposals, the Homeowners Bill of Rights proposal had its detractors.
The banks and California Chamber of Commerce fought the proposal vigorously, contending that it would produce unwarranted lawsuits and bring added costs to the foreclosure process--costs that would be passed on to other lenders in the form of higher fees.
But on this occasion, the private interests would not prevail. Banks are not exactly held high in public esteem these days, which may have given the legislature some cover in enacting the new law.
For those who believe there's not a dime's worth of difference between the two major political parties, it's interesting to note that the two bills (AB 278 and SB 900) passed their respective houses on strict party line.
The only minor exception came with San Diego Republican-turned-Independent Assemblyman Nathan Fletcher, who joined the Democrats.
So for once, score one for David beating Goliath. Enjoy the moment for who knows when we'll see it again.
Larry Gerston teaches political science at San Jose State University and is the political analyst for NBC Bay Area.
Send us your thoughts via Twitter @PropZero or add your comment to our Facebook page.


text:
Kiss The King is an unusual music experience program organized by Rain Foundation. Preparations for the program are currently underway. The organizers for the first time are hosting a prolific gospel song writer and South Africa's ace gospel act, Dr Tumi.
In a season where there's a deeper yearning for new songs, award winning gospel artist Dr Tumi stands out as one who writes word based songs that are bridging the gap. A medical doctor by profession, but gifted with word based prophetic songs to change lives by ministering healing, inspiration, hope, new meaning, revival and experience of God on another dimension. He is not only a gifted songwriter par excellence but he is also a seasoned minister of song, who is graced with in season melodies that flow from the throne. So anointed are his song that he is often engulfed with testimonies from those whose lives are touched and impacted by the richness of the substance found in his songs. Like many artists, Dr Tumi, who is a producer, songwriter, instrumentalist and vocalist, kicked off his music career in Sunday school decades ago.
Known for his hit songs like "Nothing Without You", "You are here", "No other God", "Calling You Jesus" and the rest. The "Nothing Without You" hit singer will be making his first visit to Ghana to grace the program. Dr Tumi is known world wide for his inspirational stage performance with contemporary gospel. Performing on the same stage with him will be Ghana's sensational Joe Mettle, Diana Hamilton, Kofi Kakari and the host Author Ralph Antwi.
Date: December 10, 2017
Time: 4:00 pm
Venue: Charismatic Evangelistic Ministries (CEM), North Legon.
Come join others to experience the flavor of heaven. It's a night to remember with Dr Tumi and the rest. This event is hosted by Rain Foundations and powered by Eclat Moments Events Management Company.
Tickets are selling now and they come with packages. Prices are as follows:
Regular GHC 80.00 (+ souvenir)
VIP GHC 150.00 (+ a copy of the book, kiss the king, red carpet and seat reservation)
VVIP GHC 300.00 (+ a copy of the book, kiss the king, red carpet, seat reservation, and a dinner on 8th December)
Don't wait; they could run out. Go to www.rainfoundations.org or contact 0246608942, 0266860996, 0546231995, or any of the numbers on the flier.
This is what the organizers have to say about the program:
"We are putting in a lot to give GHANA nothing short of the best. You will not forget this night in a long time because we promises to make this coming edition the best. And oh – there is some more exciting news for 2018"
Here are pictures of Rain Foundations in a meeting with the Eclat Moments in Johannesburg a few weeks back nailing down plan for the program.
Dr Tumi and his team, (Dr Tumi on far left)
Mr Author Ralph Antwi with Dr Tumi. (Mr Ralph, Boss Rain Foundations in white and Dr Tumi in black)
Mr Author Ralph Antwi (Boss, Rain Foundations)
Eclat Moments Events Management Company. with Mr Author Ralph Antwi (Boss, Rain Foundations)


text:
Picasa is free and easy to use photo software from Google. Google has released version 2.7 which is fully Linux compatible. Picasa won't delete your pictures or put them online without your permission. From the product home page:
Picasa is software that helps you instantly find, edit and share all the pictures on your computer. Every time you open Picasa, it automatically locates all your pictures (even ones you forgot you had) and sorts them into visual albums organized by date with folder names you will recognize. You can drag and drop to arrange your albums and make labels to create new groups. Picasa makes sure your pictures are always organized.
Picasa also makes advanced editing simple by putting one-click fixes and powerful effects at your fingertips. And Picasa makes it a snap to share your pictures – you can email, print photos home, and even post pictures on your own blog.
The release still doesn't support videos, full-screen slideshows and it's still using WINE.
Download Picasa for Linux
=> Visit official Google page to download Picasa for Linux [24 MB]
Picasa Quick Installation
Open terminal and type the following commands:
$ wget http://dl.google.com/linux/deb/pool/non-free/p/picasa/picasa_2.7.3736-7_i386.deb
$ sudo dpkg -i picasa_2.7.3736-7_i386.deb
Open Application menu to start Picasa or type the command:
/usr/bin/picasa &
Updated for accuracy.


text:
15 September, 2010
Elevate MinneapolisThe whole city comes alive no matter what city U2 lands in. God help any city that doesnt allow freedom of music and art. With out U2 we would all be worse off. Turn up the stadiums lights and elevate us . . .U2 the soundtrack of my life.
26 October, 2009
U2 BABY!!This show was amazing, but the thing I'll always remember about this is my wife dancing, singing and "having a good time", all the while being 8 months pregnant. Our second child was born 24 days later and is still rocking today! Having just seen U2 again (in Las Vegas this time as part of the 360 tour), I couldn't help but think back to some of the tours gone by. The boys get better with every tour. Do NOT miss a chance to see these guys (even if you're 8 months pregnant). They'll lift your soul.


text:
Wow Lesley, the kaya look so cramelized, thick and smooth. Good job. I usually cook my kaya in slow cooker now. Just stir it every 15 minutes but it takes much longer to cook than the double boiler. I hardly cook this as one batch will last me a long time.
I miss this! I don't have a double boiler or a slow cooker so I made it the hard way, but it was worth it!
Seems so difficult leh.....
i tried making my own kaya too but failed twice... i'm not sure why as when i'm hitting up the egg and beating it, they sort of gives out a foul rotten smell... i'm not sure whether its because of the quality of the eggs or is it just me... but i'll try making it again
woah u make your own kaya as well, so impressed :D
I never try slow cooker yet,must try one day! I'm lazy to stand there and stir the kaya all the time,so using double boiler my kaya won't burn or melekat ! thank you but I still didn't have to "kungfu" to make smooth kaya yet!*sigh*
not really la..
thnak you:) I think the old fashion way is still the best way to make kaya,right?
try this short cut method,cramelized the sugar first,then save you the hard work..maybe your eggs is rotten.Why don't you crack your egg in bowl first...looking forward your kaya post soon! good luck!
thanks! no choice la...buying kaya here is quite expensive eventhought I can get Malaysia made one from Malaysia restaurant..a small pint is for $5!
Nice one! The one that I made is without the caramelised sugar.. it's sort of look greenish with the pandan juice :) I like the chunky one without having to blend. Yours looks good.. I will try one day!
hi... just wanna ask, the recipe i got from my aunt use no water at all. i tried it, it's nice but it's not smooth...
i'll definitely try your way... thanks


text:
Lab Management
Track the heartbeat of your lab
AVL Lab Management
One solution to deliver the lab of the future
Rapidly changing test and validation requirements put pressure on test labs to improve accuracy, reliability and reproducibility. However, with an increasing variety of systems and processes, meeting this goal is becoming more demanding than ever. Therefore, it is of vital importance that inefficiencies in operation, errors in data, and the risk of retesting and reworking are reduced.
AVL Lab Management Suite is a collaborative system of data management tools that address these challenges, covering the end-to-end testing lifecycle for the automotive industry. Driven by the commitment to cut development time and decrease complexity, it offers standardized procedures, workflows and terminology throughout all lab activities.
Our powerful solution consists of individual modules which support the specific needs of each phase of the process. Together, they enable the management and tracking of assets such as testbeds, testing and measurement equipment and test articles in one central place.
The system is flexible enough to be configured for any kind of test environment, like powertrain systems, batteries, and ADAS components.
Once a testing need has been identified, the AVL Lab Management Suite allows you to create a test order and define all test requirements. Schedule tasks, reserve assets such as testbeds and measurement equipment and avoid scheduling conflicts.
Our Lab Management Suite enables you to define required test system parameters and configurations. Prepare the unit under test – such as engines, batteries and whole vehicles – for the test run and assign and calibrate all measurement devices to the appropriate testbed.
Run through a detailed test sequence with our testbed automation system, storing all measurement results in a shared central platform. Our dashboards and monitoring modules make it easy to stay up-to-date on all test lab operations at a glance.
Upon test completion the AVL Lab Management Suite enables the evaluation of measurement data, and the generation of interactive reports. These allow for advanced searches, data analysis and a better understanding of test results.
Data Management
Our integrated data management system stores and tracks all test data in one central, shared place. Server-side automated processing of test data ensures high quality and traceability. Key performance indicators are derived from a consistent data store in order to drive mission-critical decisions.
Tailored to Your Needs
AVL helps you to define a system configuration that perfectly fits your lab management needs and integrates into your existing IT environment. By utilizing AVL Lab Management modules, third-party tools, powerful interfaces and an agile implementation concept, we deliver a productive solution in the shortest time.
The AVL solution approach provides a highly-tailored and integrated system with lower total cost of ownership compared to individual software solutions.


text: Self Storage » Pennsylvania Self StorageLancaster Self Storage 5x5 Self Storage Lancaster Self Storage Search Results We've found 1 Lancaster Storage Facilities that meet your criteria - Click on any one of them for more information. Refine Search Size 5x5 5x10 5x15 10x10 10x15 10x20 10x30 Features Climate Controlled Drive-up Access Auto/Boat/RV Neighborhood None Found Premier Self Storage At Greenfield 170 Independence Court Lancaster, PA 17601 717-735-9920 More Info Need Pennsylvania storage in another city? Need storage in another Pennsylvania zip code? View additional Pennsylvania self storagefacilities?


text:
Follow us on Instagram to keep updated on sales and have first dibs on new products @CasparCuriosities
Or copy and paste the link below!
For your consideration is this super rare and beautiful Lithium Lemurian Seed crystal from Minas Gerais, Brazil. These Lemurians are very special and the purple/mauve color is created by Lepidolite inclusions. It weighs a whopping 175 grams and measures approximately 3.25 inches long.
This one is a Devic Temple and has deeply etched Akashic Lines (including on three of the faces of it's termination), a Lithium phantom pyramid within it, superb glyphs and a large portal type key.
Some properties that Lithium Quartz is thought to include:
A natural antidepressant and a deeply calming stone. Brings about emotional peace. Aids in the release of stress, anxiety and anger. Emotional healing. Relaxing. Activates and cleanses all the Chakras.
Some properties that Lemurian Seed crystals are thought to include:
Connection with the Divine Feminine, unification of the soul, access to knowledge and wisdom of ancient Lemuria. Links one with the healing qualities of Lemurian awareness. Supports overcoming spiritual loneliness and/or depression. Awakens multiple gifts of empathic and intuitive consciousness. Chakras: Crown (7) Soul Star (8)
❤Please check out my other listings for more crystals and curiosities ❤
1-3 business days
I'll do my best to meet these shipping estimates, but can't guarantee them. Actual delivery time will depend on the shipping method you choose.
Buyers are responsible for any customs and import taxes that may apply. I'm not responsible for delays due to customs.
Just contact me within: 14 days of delivery
Ship items back to me within: 30 days of delivery
Request a cancellation within: 24 hours of purchase
But please contact me if you have any problems with your order.
Because of the nature of these items, unless they arrive damaged or defective, I can't accept returns for:
Buyers are responsible for return shipping costs. If the item is not returned in its original condition, the buyer is responsible for any loss in value.
Please contact me if you have any problems with your order.
Looking for greater quantities or something in particular that is not currently listed in the shop? Please let me know! I can fulfill most requests.
Gift wrapping is available!


text:
The function concept
|Analysis index
|History Topics Index
If today we try to answer the difficult question "What is mathematics?" we often respond with an answer such as "It is the study of relations on sets" or "It is the study of functions on sets" or "It is the study of dependencies among variable quantities". If these statements come anywhere close to the truth then it might be logical to suggest that the concept of a function must have arisen in the very earliest stages in the development of mathematics. Indeed if we look at Babylonian mathematics we find tables of squares of the natural numbers, cubes of the natural numbers, and reciprocals of the natural numbers. These tables certainly define functions from to . E T Bell wrote in 1945:-
It may not be too generous to credit the ancient Babylonians with the instinct for functionality; for a function has been successively defined as a table or a correspondence.However this surely is the result of modern mathematicians seeing ancient mathematics through modern eyes. Although we can see that the Babylonians were dealing with functions, they would not have thought in these terms. We therefore have to reject the suggestion that the concept of a function was present in Babylonian mathematics even if we can see that they were studying particular functions.
If we move forward to Greek mathematics then we reach the work of Ptolemy. He computed chords of a circle which essentially means that he computed trigonometric functions. Surely, one might think, if he was computing trigonometric functions then Ptolemy must have understood the concept of a function. As O Petersen wrote in 1974 in [22]:-
But if we conceive a function, not as a formula, but as a more general relation associating the elements of one set of numbers with the elements of another set, it is obvious that functions in that sense abound throughout the Almagest.Indeed Petersen is certainly correct to say that functions, in the modern sense, occur throughout the Almagest. Ptolemy dealt with functions, but it is very unlikely that he had any understanding of the concept of a function. As Thiele writes on the first page of [2]:-
From time to time, anachronistic comparisons like the one just given help us with the elucidation of documented facts, but not with the interpretation of their history.Having suggested that the concept of a function is absent in these ancient pieces of mathematics, let us suggest, as Youschkevitch does in [32], that Oresme was getting closer in 1350 when he described the laws of nature as laws giving a dependence of one quantity on another. Youschkevitch writes [32]:-
The notion of a function first occurred in more general form in the 14th century in the schools of natural philosophy at Oxford and Paris.Galileo was beginning to understand the concept even more clearly. His studies of motion contain the clear understanding of a relation between variables. Again another piece of his mathematics shows how he was beginning to grasp the concept of a mapping between sets. In 1638 he studied the problem of two concentric circles with centre O, the larger circle A with diameter twice that of the smaller one B. The familiar formula gives the circumference of A to be twice that of B. But taking any point P on the circle A, then PA cuts circle B in one point. So Galileo had constructed a function mapping each point of A to a point of B. Similarly if Q is a point on B then OQ produced cuts circle A in exactly one point. Again he has a function, this time from points of B to points of A. Although the circumference of A is twice the length of the circumference of B they have the same number of points. He also produced the standard one-to-one correspondence between the positive integers and their squares which (in modern terms) gave a bijection between `N` and a proper subset.
At almost the same time that Galileo was coming up with these ideas, Descartes was introducing algebra into geometry in La Géométrie Ⓣ. He says that a curve can be drawn by letting lines take successively an infinite number of different values. This again brings the concept of a function into the construction of a curve, for Descartes is thinking in terms of the magnitude of an algebraic expression taking an infinity of values as a magnitude from which the algebraic expression is composed takes an infinity of values.
Let us pause for a moment before reaching the first use of the word "function". It is important to understand that the concept developed over time, changing its meaning as well as being defined more precisely as decades went by. We have already suggested that a table of values, although defining a function, need not be thought of by the creator of the table as a function. Early uses of the word "function" did encapsulate ideas of the modern concept but in a much more restrictive way.
Like so many mathematical terms, the word function was first used with its usual non-mathematical meaning. Leibniz wrote in August 1673 of:-
... other kinds of lines which, in a given figure, perform some function.Johann Bernoulli, in a letter to Leibniz written on 2 September 1694, described a function as:-
... a quantity somehow formed from indeterminate and constant quantities.In a paper in 1698 on isoperimetric problems Johann Bernoulli writes of "functions of ordinates" (see [32]). Leibniz wrote to Bernoulli saying:-
... I am pleased that you use the term function in my sense.It was a concept whose introduction was particularly well timed as far as Johann Bernoulli was concerned for he was looking at problems in the calculus of variations where functions occur as solutions. See [28] for more information about how the author considers the calculus of variations to be the mathematical theory which developed most intimately in connection with the concept of a function.
One can say that in 1748 the concept of a function leapt to prominence in mathematics. This was due to Euler who published Introductio in analysin infinitorum Ⓣ in that year in which he makes the function concept central to his presentation of analysis. Euler defined a function in the book as follows:-
A function of a variable quantity is an analytic expression composed in any way whatsoever of the variable quantity and numbers or constant quantities.This is all very well but Euler gives no definition of "analytic expression" rather he assumes that the reader will understand it to mean expressions formed from the usual operations of addition, multiplication, powers, roots, etc. He divides his functions into different types such as algebraic and transcendental. The type depends on the nature of the analytic expression, for example transcendental functions are not algebraic such as:-
... exponentials, logarithms, and others which integral calculus supplies in abundance.Euler allowed the algebraic operations in his analytic expressions to be used an infinite number of times, resulting in infinite series, infinite products, and infinite continued fractions. He later suggests that a transcendental function should be studied by expanding it in a power series. He does not claim that all transcendental functions can be expanded in this was but says that one should prove it in each specific case. However there was a difficulty in Euler's work which was to lead to confusion, for he failed to distinguish between a function and its representation. However Introductio in analysin infinitorum Ⓣ was to change the way that mathematicians thought about familiar concepts. Jahnke writes [2]:-
Until Euler the trigonometric quantities sine, cosine, tangent etc., were regarded as lines connected with the circle rather than functions. ... It was Euler who introduced the functional point of view.The function concept had led Euler to make many important discoveries before he wrote Introductio in analysin infinitorum Ⓣ. For example it had led him to define the gamma function and to solve the problem which had defeated mathematicians for some considerable time, namely summing the series
1/12 + 1/22 + 1/32 + 1/42 + ...He showed that the sum was π2/6, publishing the result in 1740.
Let us return to the contents of Introductio in analysin infinitorum Ⓣ. In it Euler introduced continuous, discontinuous and mixed functions but since the first two of these concepts have different modern meanings we will choose to call Euler's versions E-continuous and E-discontinuous to avoid confusion. An E-continuous function was one which was expressed by a single analytic expression, a mixed function was expressed in terms of two or more analytic expressions, and an E-discontinuous function included mixed functions but was a more general concept. Euler did not clearly indicate what he meant by an E-discontinuous function although it was clear that Euler thought of them as more general than mixed functions. He later defined them as those functions which had arbitrarily handdrawn curves as their graphs (rather confusingly essentailly what we call a continuous function today).
In 1746 d'Alembert published a solution to the problem of a vibrating stretched string. The solution, of course, depended on the initial form of the string and d'Alembert insisted in his solution that the function which described the initial velocities of the each point of the string had to be E-continuous, that is expressed by a single analytic expression. Euler published a paper in 1749 which objected to this restriction imposed by d'Alembert, claiming that for physical reasons more general expressions for the initial form of the string had to be allowed. Youschkevitch writes [32]:-
d'Alembert did not agree with Euler. Thus began the long controversy about the nature of functions to be allowed in the initial conditions and in the integrals of partial differential equations, which continued to appear in an ever increasing number in the theory of elasticity, hydrodynamics, aerodynamics, and differential geometry.In 1755 Euler published another highly influential book, namely Institutiones calculi differentialis Ⓣ. In this book he defined a function in an entirely general way, giving what we might reasonably say was a truly modern definition of a function:-
If some quantities so depend on other quantities that if the latter are changed the former undergoes change, then the former quantities are called functions of the latter. This definition applies rather widely and includes all ways in which one quantity could be determined by other. If, therefore, x denotes a variable quantity, then all quantities which depend upon x in any way, or are determined by it, are called functions of x.This might have been a huge breakthrough but after giving this wide definition, Euler then devoted the book to the development of the differential calculus using only analytic functions. The first problems with Euler's definition of types of functions was pointed out in 1780 when it was shown that a mixed function, given by different formulas, could sometimes be given by a single formula. The clearest example of such a function was given by Cauchy in 1844 when he noted that the function
y = x for x ≥ 0, y = -x for x < 0can be expressed by the single formula y = √(x2). Hence dividing functions into E-continuous or mixed was meaningless. However, a more serious objection came through the work of Fourier who stated in 1805 that Euler was wrong. Fourier showed that some discontinuous functions could be represented by what today we call a Fourier series. The distinction between E-continuous and E-discontinuous functions, therefore, did not exist. Fourier's work was not immediately accepted and leading mathematicians such as Lagrange did not accept his results at this stage. Luzin points out in [17] and [18] that confusion regarding functions had been due to a lack of understanding of the distinction between a "function" and its "representation", for example as a series of sines and cosines. Fourier's work would lead eventually to the clarification of the function concept when in 1829 Dirichlet proved results concerning the convergence of Fourier series, thus clarifying the distinction between a function and its representation.
Other mathematicians gave their own versions of the definition of a function. Condorcet seems to have been the first to take up Euler's general definition of 1755, see [31] for details. In 1778 the first two parts of Condorcet intended five part work Traité du calcul integral Ⓣ was sent to the Paris Academy. It was never published but was seen by many leading French mathematicians. In this work Condorcet distinguished three types of functions: explicit functions, implicit functions given only by unsolved equations, and functions which are defined from physical considerations such as being the solution to a diffferential equation.
Lacroix, who had read Condorcet's unfinished work, wrote in 1797:-
Every quantity whose value depends on one or more other quantities is called a function of these latter, whether one knows or is ignorant of what operation it is necessary to use to arrive from the latter to the first.Cauchy, in 1821, came up with a definition making the dependence between variables central to the function concept. He wrote in Cours d'analyse Ⓣ:-
If variable quantities are so joined between themselves that, the value of one of these being given, one can conclude the values of all the others, one ordinarily conceives these diverse quantities expressed by means of the one of them, which then takes the name independent variable; and the other quantities expressed by means of the independent variable are those which one calls functions of this variable.Notice that despite the generality of Cauchy's definition, which is designed to cover the case of explicit and implicit functions, he is still thinking of a function in terms of a formula. In fact he makes the distinction between explicit and implicit functions immediately after giving this definition. He also introduces concepts which indicate that he is still thinking in terms of analytic expressions.
Fourier, in Théorie analytique de la Chaleur Ⓣ in 1822, gave the following definition:-
In general, the function f(x) represents a succession of values or ordinates each of which is arbitrary. An infinity of values being given of the abscissa x, there are an equal number of ordinates f(x). All have actual numerical values, either positive or negative or nul. We do not suppose these ordinates to be subject to a common law; they succeed each other in any manner whatever, and each of them is given as it were a single quantity.It is clear that Fourier has given a definition which deliberately moves away from analytic expressions. However, despite this, when he begins to prove theorems about expressing an arbitrary function as a Fourier series, he uses the fact that his arbitrary function is continuous in the modern sense!
Dirichlet, in 1837, accepted Fourier's definition of a function and immediately after giving this definition he defined a continuous function (using continuous in the modern sense). Dirichlet also gave an example of a function defined on the interval [ 0, 1] which is discontinuous at every point, namely f(x) which is defined to be 0 if x is rational and 1 if x is irrational.
In 1838 Lobachevsky gave a definition of a general function which still required it to be continuous:-
A function of x is a number which is given for each x and which changes gradually together with x. The value of the function could be given either by an analytic expression or by a condition which offers a means for testing all numbers and selecting one from them, or lastly the dependence may exist but remain unknown.Certainly Dirichlet's everywhere discontinuous function will not be a function under Lobachevsky's definition. Hankel, in 1870, deplored the confusion which still reigned in the function concept:-
One person defines functions essentially in Euler's sense, the other requires that y must change with x according to a law, without giving an explanation of this obscure concept, the third defines it in Dirichlet's manner, the fourth does not define it at all. However, everybody deduces from his concept conclusions that are not contained in it.Around this time many pathological functions were constructed. Cauchy gave an early example when he noted that f(x) = exp(-1/x2) for x ≠ 0, f(0) = 0, is a continuous function which has all its derivatives at 0 equal to 0. It therefore has a Taylor series which converges everywhere but only equals the function at 0. In 1876 Paul du Bois-Reymond made the distinction between a function and its representation even clearer when he constructed a continuous function whose Fourier series diverges at a point. This line was taken further in 1885 when Weierstrass showed that any continuous function is the limit of a uniformly convergent sequence of polynomials. Earlier, in 1872, Weierstrass had sent a paper to the Berlin Academy of Science giving an example of a continuous function which is nowhere differentiable. Lützen writes in [2]:-
Weierstrass's function contradicted an intuitive feeling held by most of his contemporaries to the effect that continuous functions were differentiable except at "special points". it created a sensation and, according to Hankel, disbelief when du Bois-Reymond published it in 1875.Poincaré was unhappy with the direction that the definition of functions had taken. He wrote in 1899:-
For half a century we have seen a mass of bizarre functions which appear to be forced to resemble as little as possible honest functions which serve some purpose. ... Formerly, when a new function was invented, it was in view of some practical end. Today they are invented on purpose to show that our ancestor's reasoning was at fault, and we shall never get anything more than that out of them. If logic were the teacher's only guide, he would have to begin with the most general, that is to say, the most weird functions.Where have more modern definitions taken the concept? Goursat, in 1923, gave the definition which will appear in most textbooks today:-
One says that y is a function of x if to a value of x corresponds a value of y. One indicates this correspondence by the equation y = f(x).Just in case this is not precise enough and involves undefined concepts such as 'value' and 'corresponds', look at the definition given by Patrick Suppes in 1960:-
Definition. A is a relation ⇔ (∀x)(x ∈ A => (∃y)(∃z)(x = (y, z)). We write y A z if (y, z) ∈ A.What would Poincaré have thought of Suppes' definition?
Definition. f is a function ⇔ f is a relation and (∀x)(∀y)(∀z)(x f y and x f z) => y = z.
Definition. f is a function ⇔ f is a relation and (∀x)(∀y)(∀z)(x f y and x f z) => y = z.
Article by: J J O'Connor and E F Robertson


text:
U.S. Closes Ciudad Juarez Consulate in Mexico
The U.S. closed its consulate in the Mexican border city of Ciudad Juarez on Thursday pending a security review, an unexpected decision that comes months after drug gangs killed three people tied to the consulate.
The U.S. Embassy announced the consulate will "remain closed until the security review is completed" and said it would reschedule appointments for visa applications.
The embassy did not say what prompted the review, and a spokesman said there would be no comment beyond the statement.
Also Thursday, one of the top three leaders of Mexico's most powerful drug cartel died in a gunfight with soldiers, ending the long run of a mysterious capo considered a founder of the country's massive methamphetamine trade.
The death of Ignacio "Nacho" Coronel near the city of Guadalajara is the biggest strike yet against the Sinaloa cartel led by Joaquin "El Chapo" Guzman - Mexico's top drug lord - since President Felipe Calderon launched a military offensive against drug traffickers in late 2006.
A U.S. employee of the consulate, her husband and a Mexican tied to the Juarez consulate were killed March 13 when drug gang fired on their cars as they left a children's party in the city across from El Paso, Texas.
Obama 'Outraged' by Mexico Murders
The U.S. State Department has taken several measures over the past months to protect consulate employees and their families from surging violence along Mexico's border with the United States.
It has authorized the departure of relatives of U.S. government employees in six northern Mexican cities. And starting July 15, U.S. government employees working away from the border were barred from crossing anywhere along Texas' border because of safety concerns.
Two weeks ago, the consulate in the border city of Nuevo Laredo warned U.S. citizens there to remain indoors as drug gangs fought gun battles and blocked streets with hijacked vehicles.
A turf battle between the Juarez and Sinaloa drug cartels has made Ciudad Juarez one of the world's most dangerous cities. More than 4,000 people have been killed in the city of 1.3 million since the beginning of 2009.
On July 15, a car bomb killed a federal police officer and two others in Ciudad Juarez. Traffickers claimed responsibility.
Mexico Drug Gangs Use al Qaeda Tactics
The closing of the Ciudad Juarez consulate is the most drastic security measure yet. The consulate is the only place where Mexicans applying for U.S. residency can go.
The embassy warned immigrant visa applicants that the medical clinics where they receive exams as part of their applications "may also close on short notice." It said its call center would call applicants to reschedule appointments, and provided a number that U.S. citizens could call for passport appointment and other services.
Earlier this month, Mexican federal police said that a jailed drug-cartel enforcer claimed that the U.S. consulate employee, Lesley Enriquez, was killed because she had helped a rival gang obtain American visas.
But a U.S. federal official familiar with the investigation said there was no indication Enriquez was involved in any such thing. The official, who was not authorized to speak publicly about the case and spoke on condition of anonymity, said U.S. officials had investigated possible corruption surrounding Enriquez and found none. The official said the motive remains unclear.
U.S. Embassy officials previously said that Enriquez was never in a position to provide visas and worked in a section that provides basic services to U.S. citizens in Mexico.
Enriquez was four months pregnant when she and her husband were killed as they drove toward a border crossing to El Paso, Texas. Their 7-month-old daughter was found wailing in the back seat.
Jorge Alberto Salcido, the husband of a Mexican employee of the consulate, also was killed by gunmen after leaving the children's party in a separate vehicle. The jailed drug gang suspect, Jesus Ernesto Chavez, said Salcido was targeted because the two cars were the same color and the hit men did know which one Enriquez was in.


text:
Mailani Makainai
On the heels of Mailani's self-titled debut solo album, which garnered her the prestigious "Female Vocalist of the Year" Award, comes her brand new CD entitled `Aina (earth, land). With her feet well planted in the "'aina," this brave artist continues to challenge herself with each project. Mailani is originally from the very successful, award-winning group, Keahiwai, and the rocking trio, Mighty J. Her first CD proved that she had the ability to succeed as a solo artist. Her sophomore album 'Aina gives us much more.
'Aina includes some of the expected contemporary swagger which her fans and radio will love, but there is also something really surprising here that takes Mailani to a whole new level as an artist. Her delivery of some traditional Hawaiian pieces will impress and delight anyone who loves Hawaiian music. Here is a modern Hawaiian woman who knows how to entertain and have fun and here too is a Hawaiian woman with the depth and respect for the generations that came before her.
'Aina is both gorgeous and entertaining. Another big step forward from an artist that continues to "Wow."
(Tracks with sample are bold.)


da|ra

@type: Organization

description: Registration agency for social science and economic data

@type: Dataset

name: Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN) Series

English

@type: Language

keywords:
alcohol
demographic characteristics
detoxification
drug overdose
drug use
emergency departments
energy drinks
nonprescription drugs
substance abuse
suicide

@type: Place

United States

@type: PostalAddress

description: The Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN) is a nationally representative public health surveillance system that has monitored drug related emergency department (ED) visits to hospitals since the early 1970s. First administered by the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) and the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), the responsibility for DAWN now rests with the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration's (SAMHSA) Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality (CBHSQ). Over the years, the exact survey methodology has been adjusted to improve the quality, reliability, and generalizability of the information produced by DAWN. The current approach was first fully implemented in the 2004 data collection year. DAWN relies on a longitudinal probability sample of hospitals located throughout the United States. To be eligible for selection into the DAWN sample, a hospital must be a non-Federal, short-stay, general surgical and medical hospital located in the United States, with at least one 24-hour ED. DAWN cases are identified by the systematic review of ED medical records in participating hospitals. The unit of analysis is any ED visit involving recent drug use. DAWN captures both ED visits that are directly caused by drugs and those in which drugs are a contributing factor but not the direct cause of the ED visit. The reason a patient used a drug is not part of the criteria for considering a visit to be drug-related. Therefore, all types of drug-related events are included: drug misuse or abuse, accidental drug ingestion, drug-related suicide attempts, malicious drug poisonings, and adverse reactions. DAWN does not report medications that are unrelated to the visit. The DAWN public-use dataset provides information for all types of drugs, including illegal drugs, prescription drugs, over-the-counter medications, dietary supplements, anesthetic gases, substances that have psychoactive effects when inhaled, alcohol when used in combination with other drugs (all ages), and alcohol alone (only for patients aged 20 or younger). Public-use dataset variables describe and categorize up to 22 drugs contributing to the ED visit, including toxicology confirmation and route of administration. Administrative variables specify the type of case, case disposition, categorized episode time of day, and quarter of year. Metropolitan area is included for represented metropolitan areas. Created variables include the number of unique drugs reported and case-level indicators for alcohol, non-alcohol illicit substances, any pharmaceutical, non-medical use of pharmaceuticals, and all misuse and abuse of drugs. Demographic items include age category, sex, and race/ethnicity. Complex sample design and weighting variables are included to calculate various estimates of drug-related ED visits for the Nation as a whole, as well as for specific metropolitan areas, from the ED visits classified as DAWN cases in the selected hospitals.

description: DAWN includes a set of complex sample design variables to calculate estimates for the entire universe of DAWN-eligible hospitals in the United States from the sampled hospitals participating in DAWN. The primary sampling weights reflect the probability of selection, and separate adjustment factors are included to account for sampling of ED visits, nonresponse, data quality, and the known total of ED visits delivered by the universe of eligible hospitals. DAWN design variables include: variance estimation stratum (STRATA), PSU, replicate (REPLICATE), PSU frame count (PSUFRAME), and case weight (CASEWGT).

description: ICPSR data undergo a confidentiality review and are altered when necessary to limit the risk of disclosure. ICPSR also routinely creates ready-to-go data files along with setups in the major statistical software formats as well as standard codebooks to accompany the data. In addition to these procedures, ICPSR performed the following processing steps for this data collection: Performed consistency checks.; Created variable labels and/or value labels.; Standardized missing values.; Created online analysis version with question text.; Performed recodes and/or calculated derived variables.; Checked for undocumented or out-of-range codes..

description: Response Rates: For 2009, 242 hospitals submitted data that were used for estimation. The overall weighted response rate was 31.8 percent. For the 12 oversampled metropolitan areas and divisions, the individual response rates ranged from 28.5 percent in the Houston metropolitan area to 92.1 percent in the Seattle metropolitan area. DAWN cases are found through a review of ED medical records in participating hospitals. Across all participating hospitals in 2009, 9.5 million charts were reviewed to find the drug-related ED visits that met the DAWN case criteria. On the basis of the review of charts, 380,125 drug-related visits were found and submitted to the DAWN database, a case rate of 4.0 percent. On average, a DAWN member hospital submitted 1,570 DAWN cases. However, the number of submitted cases varied widely across hospitals, from fewer than 50 cases to well over 6,000 cases in a single hospital during 2009.

description:
record abstracts

Several limitations to the data exist and should be noted prior to using this DAWN file: DAWN data collectors attempt to identify with a high degree of specificity the exact drugs involved in an ED visit, but extant medical records vary in specificity and detail. If extant medical records include only a general description of a drug (e.g., "benzodiazepines"), the drug is grouped in a general category (e.g., "benzodiazepines not otherwise specified"). ; Many drug-related ED visits involve multiple drugs. In these instances, it may be difficult or impossible to determine whether a single drug is responsible for the visit or if the visit was the result of the interaction between the drugs. ; When multiple drugs are involved, it should not be assumed that they are all taken for the same reason; a patient may misuse one type of prescription medication while taking another medication as prescribed. ; While DAWN seeks to report only the drugs that are related to the ED visit, some unrelated drugs may be included if ED records fail to indicate that they were obtained through a legitimate prescription, were taken as prescribed or indicated, and were unrelated to the ED visit. For example, anecdotal evidence suggests that ED records may mention methadone but fail to indicate that the patient was enrolled in a methadone treatment program and that the methadone was unrelated to the medical emergency leading to the ED visit. ; DAWN does not produce rates (visits per 100,000 population) for race/ethnicity groups. Information on race and ethnicity is often poorly documented in extant ED records. In addition, some hospitals consider race/ethnicity to be private information and will not make it available to DAWN Reporters. About 15 percent of visits each year do not contain race/ethnicity information. These missing data result in the systematic understatement of visits by race/ethnicity category. ; Although DAWN documents whether a drug was positively confirmed by toxicology testing, DAWN does not require that drugs reported for the ED visit be confirmed by laboratory testing. Toxicology tests are not used consistently across EDs, and some toxicology tests are not specific enough to identify particular drugs. Furthermore, a positive toxicology test is not necessarily evidence of recent drug involvement in an ED visit if it is a current medication or a drug that persists in the system long after it was used. For this reason, DAWN requires that the involvement of drugs be mentioned in the ED record, not just in the toxicology testing results, for the visit to be considered a DAWN case. ; Information on drug-related visits is based on a sample and is therefore subject to sampling variability. Standard error measurements are provided in many tables to reflect the sampling variability that occurs (a) by chance because only a sample rather than the entire universe is surveyed, and (b) due to nonresponse. ; As in any survey, a low response rate is of concern because it creates larger-than-expected sampling errors plus the opportunity for unpredictable biases. DAWN addresses these issues for the short term by always reporting standard errors based on the actual sample of respondents, and for the long term by continuing its efforts to raise the hospital participation rate.;

Major changes to DAWN were instituted during 2003 as the result of a redesign intended to improve the quality and representativeness of DAWN estimates. Changes included the design of the hospital sample, a new case definition for drug-related ED visits eligible for DAWN, revised data items submitted on these cases, a new protocol for case finding, and improved quality assurance measures. These improvements created a permanent disruption in trends. As a result, comparisons cannot be made between the old DAWN (2002 and prior years) and the redesigned DAWN (2004 and forward). The year 2003 was a period of transition between the old DAWN and the redesigned DAWN. As a result, only interim, half-year estimates were produced for 2003.

Several measures have been taken to protect the confidentiality of DAWN data: In the public use file, complex design variables have been adjusted to optimize disclosure protection while preserving the original design and statistical properties of the data to the highest degree possible. Specifically, each year primary sampling units (PSUs) are randomly selected for combination or division and original strata may be combined with adjacent strata. Self-representing PSUs may be treated as non self-representing as a result of this process. Case weight, replicate, and PSU frame count values are adjusted to reflect changes to PSUs and strata and to further maximize disclosure protection.; PSU and strata identification values are randomized each year. While DAWN is not designed to identify the contribution or influence of a particular hospital, applied disclosure protection methods and identification value randomization preclude multilevel modeling at the hospital-level and comparison of individual sampling units over time.; While disclosure protection has been applied to minimize deviance from the original sampling error calculation model, statistical analyses generated from the public use file may vary from results provided on the DAWN Web site. For online analysis using Survey Documentation and Analysis (SDA), complex design variables are used to generate statistical results, but are not directly accessible. Therefore, SDA utilizes original design variables modified slightly to accommodate the variance estimation capabilities of the SDA statistical program. ;

Original variables recoded for disclosure protection include: Quarter: Month of episode has been recoded into quarter.; Day part: Exact time of episode has been recoded into four day part categories.; Case disposition: "Chemical dependency/detox" has been combined with "Psychiatric unit". Hospitals with combined chemical dependency and psychiatric units are included in the "Other inpatient unit" disposition category.;

description: 2015-11-23 Covers for the PDF documentation were revised.2015-01-20 For a small number of cases (approximately 1%), some of the drug mention variables (i.e. CATID_1_1 and TOXTEST_1) were updated to reflect the current drug categorizations from the Drug Reference Vocabulary (DRV).2013-08-09 The latest update provides uniform drug codes and labels across all years of the series. The update also includes the addition of energy drinks to the drug category (DRUGID) variables.2012-01-24 A few minor edits were made to the hyperlinks found in the front section of the codebook. Funding insitution(s): United States Department of Health and Human Services. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Center for Behavioral Health Statistics and Quality.

temporalCoverage:
Time period: 2009
Collection date: 2009

name: ICPSR - Interuniversity Consortium for Political and Social Research


text:
Contribute To New York
For High School Sports Contributors
Are you only seeking contributors to cover specific areas, or are you open to having contributors cover sports nationwide?We welcome contributors from anywhere. Just let us know where you are and we will help you get started.
Does TSFN pay their contributors?Contributors can make money by selling their photos/videos through a SmugMug account (or something similar). TSFN does not pay you directly, but you can link every gallery you upload to your personal SmugMug account and keep 100% of the profits!
Do you provide your photographers with credentials?Yes. All credentials are digital. After you apply and are approved we will help you to get your credentials and get started.
Pro/College Sports Contributors
Are you only seeking contributors to cover specific areas, or are you open to having contributors cover sports nationwide?We welcome contributors from anywhere. Just let us know where you are and we will help you get started.
Can I use my own photographs?Due to copyright issues, you cannot use your own photographs but we will work with you to provide professional photographs for your articles to ensure you get the highest exposure possible.
Does TSFN pay their contributors?We do not pay new writers but we are always looking for great talent to join our staff. Prove yourself and you will be rewarded.
"I started writing for The Sports Fan Network when I was a freshman, and I was excited to realize that, not only did I take my work very seriously, but colleges did too. Four years later, Vanderbilt University offered me their Fred Russel-Grantland Rice Sports Writing Scholarship, which is an $80,000 award and the only sports writing scholarship in the country - it turns out that it's not just the athletes who can earn a free ride to college! My writing skills have improved drastically since I started covering games, and I have been able to develop them while having a front row seat to some riveting high school and professional sporting events."
"I started writing for The SportsFan Network when I was a junior in high school. It was my first internship and gave me the chance to cover high school sports and get my feet wet. I learned reporting skills that you couldn't get in a classroom. I have since graduated from the University of Maryland with a degree in print journalism. That internship and those experiences inspired me to get into this field and pursue a career in sports reporting."
"I've had an amazing experience with The SportsFan Network. I discovered my passion for sports photography working with TSFN. Not only did I have the opportunity to gain valuable experience in the field, but it's been great working with a company and with individuals who are willing to help advance my career years down the road."
"The first time I went up to a coach after a game and asked for an interview might have been one of the most nerve-racking experiences I have ever had. Being able to ask intelligent, on-the-spot, high-quality questions to either a winning or losing coach is very important. Being able to think on the spot and ask tough questions will make you into a much more confident person talking to people you do not know; a priceless skill as you move on in the world."


text:
Is Mossboard, the official Mosspuppet iPhone app, scarily accurate or accurately scary? You be the judge. Warning: reference to Steve Jobs nipples ahead.
Mossboard's pretty great, but unfortunately you won't be able to carry Mosspuppet around in your pocket any time soon - the app hasn't been able to get past the App Store approval process. Can't imagine why! [Mosspuppet]


text:
The latest freebies in Buhl, AL
(updated April 7, 2020 at 8:26 am EST)
- Free Schwarzkopf Seah Hairspa Rose Cream Mask Sample
- Free Meguiar's X2020 Supreme Shine Microfiber - Pack Of 3
- Free EnergiOne Vegan Superfood Bar
- Free Sirius XM Until May 15
- Tide Cleaners Is Offering Free Laundry And Dry Cleaning For Front Line Responders And Their Immediate Family
- Card Against Humanity Family Edition Print Out Cards (Beta Version)
- Free RSPCA Tote Bag
- New York City Is Now Giving Out 3 Free Meals A Day To Anyone And Everyone. No ID Or Registration Required
- "Time Traveler's Guide To Dating" A Free Comic Book Series Until The Grownups Say We Can Go Outside Again.
- Free Handwritten Cards To Help Who Want To Use Them By Adding A Short Handwritten Note And Passing Them On. Encourage Your Loved Ones And Show Your Love By Sending Unique Cards.
- HBO Makes Programming Available Free As Part Of #StayHomeBoxOffice Starting April 3rd. No Subscription Necessary.
- Free Laundry Service For First Responders From Tide
- Free Kidz Meal Bagz At Sheetz
- FREE Noodles & Company Regular Entrée - To Go. Pick Up Orders! {US}
- Nikon Is Making Their Online Courses Free For The Month Of April
- Apple Music - 4 Free Months (Best Buy Link Updated) (CC Required)
- Free Personalized Chesapeake Bay Address Labels
- Forbes Is Offering A Free Trial Issue Of Their Magazine If You're Looking For Something To Read
- All McDonald's Restaurants In Leon County Florida Giving Children 12 And Under One Free Hamburger Happy Meal Every Saturday And Sunday In The Month Of April
- Free Doritos Locos Tacos At Taco Bell 4-7-2020
- Free Telemedicine Service During Coronavirus Outbreak For Michigan, Arizona, Florida, And Washington Residents
- Free OHi Superfood Bar (Coupon)
- Elder Scrolls Online Free To Play On All Platforms April 1-13
- Free Online Course Offerings For A Certificate In Hospitality And Tourism Management At Florida Atlantic University. (Registration Deadline Is April 7th, 2020.)
- Free Pluralsight Courses For The Month Of April
- Coursera Offers Free Certificates For 85 Courses. The Course And Certificate Itself Are Free
- T-Mobile Tuesday 4-7-20: $5 Donation Match, 40% Off At Reebok, Free 3-month Early Learning Subscription At Homer, 2 Months Free Of Ad-free YouTube, Free 4-week Online Course At Shaw Academy, 10c Off Per Gallon At Shell
- Seobility Premium 60 Days For Free (SEO Software & Tools)
- Free Coffee, Tea And Polar Pop Drinks For Healthcare Workers At Circle K (Extended To 4/30)
- Sample Postcards From MOO
- Because Of Coronavirus, Many Vet Clinics Are Closed. This Site Provides Service That You Can Ask Pet Trainers And Vets Questions For Free. No Cc Required This Time.
This is the list of freebies you can potentially get in Buhl, AL.
Please don't hold your breath that you'll get it all. Companies are often have limited quantities of items to give away. So move fast, click, and request while it's fresh.
If you requested some free stuff before and haven't got it in a month or two, politely write to a company and ask what happened. They often re-send free samples if you ask.
Please note: we only provide links to other websites. We don't send out any freebies.


text:
Smart Grid Security Research Paper Receives Best Paper Runner-up at IEEE International Conference
A key component of a smart grid is its ability to collect useful information from a power grid for enabling control centers to estimate the current states of the power grid. It has been envisioned that wireless technology will be widely used for local-area communication subsystems in the smart grid (e.g., in distribution networks). However, various attacks with drastic impacts can be launched in wireless networks such as channel jamming attacks and DoS attacks. In particular, jamming attacks can cause a wide range of damages to power grids, e.g., delayed delivery of time-critical messages can prevent control centers from properly controlling the outputs of generators to match load demands.
In order to provide resilient data delivery under jamming in smart grid, the researchers are trying to design a communication subsystem with enhanced self-healing capability under the presence of jamming through intelligent local controller switching. For their paper "Towards Self-Healing Smart Grid via Intelligent Local Controller Switching under Jamming", Dr. Yingying Chen and her graduate students in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering recently received the Best Paper Runner-up Award at the IEEE International Conference on Communication and Network Security (IEEE CNS 2013), which is a high-profile conference for communication and network security research.
The team exploits local controller switching to provide resilience of data delivery under jamming in the distribution network. The proposed framework enables smart meters to utilize all the available channels from nearby local controllers to ensure successful data delivery. They also provide a guideline on the optimal placement of local controllers to ensure effective switching of smart meters under jamming, leading toward a self-healing communication subsystem in the smart grid.
As an Associate Professor at Stevens, Dr. Chen leads the Data Analysis and Information Security Laboratory (DAISY Lab). She has been the PI on multiple National Science Foundation (NSF) grants as well as the recipient of the prestigious NSF CAREER Award. Dr. Chen's research addresses wireless security and the challenges faced as wireless networks become increasingly pervasive and ubiquitous.
IEEE Conference on Communications and Network Security (CNS) is a conference series in IEEE Communications Society (ComSoc) core conference portfolio and the only ComSoc conference focusing solely on cyber security.