text:
|Final Fantasy
North American cover art
| Square
Nintendo (NES & GBA)
|Hironobu Sakaguchi
|Masafumi Miyamoto
|Nasir Gebelli
|Yoshitaka Amano
|Nobuo Uematsu
|Final Fantasy
|Release date(s)
December 18, 1987
Final Fantasy[lower-alpha 1] is a fantasy role-playing video game developed and published by Square in 1987. It is the first game in Square's Final Fantasy series, created by Hironobu Sakaguchi. Originally released for the NES, Final Fantasy was remade for several video game consoles and is frequently packaged with Final Fantasy II in video game collections. The story follows four youths called the Light Warriors, who each carry one of their world's four elemental orbs which have been darkened by the four Elemental Fiends. Together, they quest to defeat these evil forces, restore light to the orbs, and save their world.
Final Fantasy was originally conceived under the working title Fighting Fantasy, but trademark issues and dire circumstances surrounding Square as well as Sakaguchi himself prompted the name to be changed. The game was a great commercial success, received generally positive reviews, and spawned many successful sequels and supplementary titles in the form of the Final Fantasy series. The original is now regarded as one of the most influential and successful role-playing games on the Nintendo Entertainment System, playing a major role in popularizing the genre. Critical praise focused on the game's graphics, while criticism targeted the time spent wandering in search of random battle encounters to raise the player's experience level. By March 2003, all versions of the Final Fantasy had sold a combined total of two million copies worldwide.
Final Fantasy has four basic game modes: an overworld map, town and dungeon maps, a battle screen, and a menu screen. The overworld map is a scaled-down version of the game's fictional world, which the player uses to direct characters to various locations. The primary means of travel across the overworld is by foot; a ship, a canoe, and an airship become available as the player progresses. With the exception of some battles in preset locations or with bosses, enemies are randomly encountered on field maps and on the overworld map when traveling by foot, canoe, or ship, and must either be fought or fled from.[4]
The game's plot develops as the player progresses through towns and dungeons. Some town citizens offer helpful information, while others own shops that sell items or equipment. Dungeons appear in areas that include forests, caves, mountains, swamps, underwater caverns, and buildings. Dungeons often have treasure chests containing rare items that are not available in most stores. The game's menu screen allows the player to keep track of their experience points and levels, to choose which equipment their characters wield, and to use items and magic. A character's most basic attribute is their level, which can range from one to fifty, and is determined by the character's amount of experience. Gaining a level increases the character's attributes, such as their maximum hit points (HP), which represents a character's remaining health; a character dies when they reach zero HP. Characters gain experience points by winning battles.[4]
Combat in Final Fantasy is menu-based: the player selects an action from a list of options such as Attack, Magic, and Item. Battles are turn-based and continue until either side flees or is defeated. If the player's party wins, each character will gain experience and Gil; if it flees, it will be returned to the map screen; and if every character in the party dies, the game will be over and all unsaved progress will be lost.[4] Final Fantasy was the first game to show the player's characters on the right side of the screen and the enemies on the left side of the screen, as opposed to a first-person view.[5]
The player begins the game by choosing four characters to form a party and is locked into that choice for the duration of the game.[6] Each character has an "occupation", or character class, with different attributes and abilities that are either innate or can be acquired.[6] There are six classes: Fighter, Thief, Black Belt, Red Mage, White Mage, and Black Mage.[6] Later in the game, the player has the option to have each character undergo a "class upgrade"; whereby their sprite portraits mature, and some classes gain the ability to use weapons and magic that they previously could not use.[4] The game contains a variety of weapons, armor, and items that can be bought or found to make the characters more powerful in combat. Each character has eight inventory slots, with four to hold weapons and four to hold armor. Each character class has restrictions on what weapons and armor it may use. Some weapons and armor are magical; if used during combat, they will cast spells. Other magical artifacts provide protection, such as from certain spells. At shops, the characters can buy items to help themselves recover while they are traveling. Items available include potions, which heal the characters or remove ailments like poison or petrification; Tents and Cabins, which can be used on the world map to heal the player and optionally save the game; and Houses, which also recovers the party's magic after saving. Special items may be gained by doing quests.[4]
Magic is a common ability in the game, and several character classes use it. Spells are divided into two groups: White, which is defensive and healing, and Black, which is debilitating and destructive. Magic can be bought from White and Black magic shops and assigned to characters whose occupation allows them to use it. Spells are classified by a level between one and eight, with four White and four Black spells per level. Each character may learn only three spells per level. White and Black Mages can potentially learn any of their respective spells, while Red Mages, the Ninja, and the Knight cannot use most high-level magic.[4]
Final Fantasy takes place in a fantasy world with three large continents. The elemental powers of this world are determined by the state of four crystals, each governing one of the four classical elements: earth, fire, water, and wind. The world of Final Fantasy is inhabited by numerous races, including humans, elves, dwarves, mermaids, dragons, and robots. Most non-human races have only one "town" in the game, although individuals are sometimes found in human towns or other areas as well. Four hundred years prior to the start of the game, the Lefeinish people, who used the Power of Wind to craft airships and a giant space station (called the Floating Castle in the game), watched their country decline as the Wind crystal went dark. Two hundred years later, violent storms sank a massive shrine that served as the center of an ocean-based civilization, and the Water crystal went dark. The Earth crystal and the Fire crystal followed, plaguing the earth with raging wildfires, and devastating the agricultural town of Melmond as the plains and vegetation decayed. Some time later, the sage Lukahn tells of a prophecy that four Light Warriors will come to save the world in a time of darkness.
The game begins with the appearance of the four youthful Light Warriors, the heroes of the story, who each carry one of the darkened Orbs. Initially, the Light Warriors have access to the Kingdom of Coneria and the ruined Temple of Fiends. After the Warriors rescue Princess Sara from the evil knight Garland, the King of Coneria builds a bridge that enables the Light Warriors' passage east to the town of Pravoka. There the Light Warriors liberate the town from Bikke and his band of pirates and acquire the pirates' ship for their own use. The Warriors now embark on a chain of delivery quests on the shores of the Aldi Sea. First, they retrieve a stolen crown from the Marsh Cave for a king in a ruined castle, who turns out to be the dark elf Astos. Defeating him gains them the Crystal Eye, which they return to the blind witch Matoya in exchange for a herb needed to awaken the elf prince cursed by Astos. The elf prince gives the Light Warriors the Mystic Key, which is capable of unlocking any door. The key unlocks a storage room in Coneria Castle which holds TNT. Nerrick, one of the dwarves of the Cave of Dwarf/Dwarf Village, destroys a small isthmus using the TNT, connecting the Aldi Sea to the outside world.[5]
After visiting the near-ruined town of Melmond, the Light Warriors go to the Earth Cave to defeat a vampire and retrieve the Star Ruby, which gains passage to Sage Sadda's cave. With Sadda's Rod, the Warriors venture deeper into the Earth Cave and destroy the Earth Fiend, Lich. The Light Warriors then obtain a canoe and enter Gurgu Volcano and defeat the Fire Fiend, Kary. The Levistone from the nearby Ice Cave allows them to raise an airship to reach the northern continents. After they prove their courage by retrieving the Rat's Tail from the Castle of Ordeal, the King of the Dragons, Bahamut, promotes each Light Warrior. A kind gesture is repaid by a fairy, receiving special liquid that produces oxygen, and the Warriors use it to help defeat the Water Fiend, Kraken, in the Sunken Shrine. They also recover a Slab, which allows a linguist named Dr. Unne to teach them the Lefeinish language. The Lefeinish give the Light Warriors access to the Floating Castle that Tiamat, the Wind Fiend, has taken over.[5] With the Four Fiends defeated and the Orbs restored, a portal opens in the Temple of Fiends which takes them 2000 years into the past. There the Warriors discover that the Four Fiends sent Garland (now the archdemon Chaos) back in time and he sent the Fiends to the future to do so, creating a time loop by which he could live forever.[7] The Light Warriors defeat Chaos, thus ending the paradox, and return home. By ending the paradox, however, the Light Warriors have changed the future to one where their heroic deeds remain unknown outside of legend.[5]
Hironobu Sakaguchi had intended to make a role-playing game (RPG) for a long time, but his employer Square refused to give him permission as it expected low sales of such a product.[8] However, when the RPG Dragon Quest was released and proved to be a hit in Japan, the company reconsidered its stance on the genre and approved Sakaguchi's vision of an RPG inspired by Ultima and Wizardry.[8] Only three of his colleagues volunteered to join this project headed by him because he was thought of as a "rough boss" in spite of his unsuccessful creations.[9] Eventually, Final Fantasy was developed by a team of seven core staff members within Square referred to as the "A-Team".[10][11] Sakaguchi convinced fellow game designers Koichi Ishii and Akitoshi Kawazu to join the project. Kawazu was mainly responsible for the battle system and sequences, which he based heavily on the tabletop game Dungeons & Dragons and the RPG Wizardry. For example, enemies' weaknesses to elements such as fire and ice had not been included in Japanese RPGs up until that point. Kawazu had grown fond of such aspects of Western RPGs and decided to incorporate them into Final Fantasy. He also advocated the player's option to freely choose their own party member classes at the beginning of the game as he feels "the fun in an RPG begins when you create a character".[8]
The scenario was written by freelance writer Kenji Terada, based on a story by Sakaguchi.[1][11] Ishii heavily influenced the game's setting with his idea of the crystals.[9] He also suggested illustrator Yoshitaka Amano as character designer, but Sakaguchi declined at first as he had never heard the artist's name before. When Sakaguchi showed Ishii some drawings on magazine clippings and told him that this was the art style he was looking for, Ishii revealed to him that these were actually created by Amano, hence leading to his involvement in the game.[9] The music for Final Fantasy was composed by Nobuo Uematsu and marked his 16th video game music composition.[5] Iranian-American programmer Nasir Gebelli was hired to code the game. He initially tried to understand all aspects of the gameplay but was soon advised by Sakaguchi to just program the design concepts so he did not have to explain everything to Gebelli in detail.[9] Gebelli was also responsible for creating what is considered to be the first RPG minigame, a sliding puzzle, which he added into the game despite it not being part of the original game design.[12] Among the other developers were graphic designer Kazuko Shibuya, programmers Kiyoshi Yoshii and Ken Narita, as well as debugger Hiroyuki Ito.[13][14][15][16][17] When the project started to show promise, designer Hiromichi Tanaka and his "B-Team" joined to aid development.[9][10] The lack of faith in Sakaguchi's team, as well as its unpopularity within the company, motivated the staff members to give their best.[10]
Sakaguchi took an in-development ROM of the game to Japanese magazine Famicom Tsushin, but it would not review it. However, Famitsu gave the game extensive coverage. Initially, only 200,000 copies were to be shipped, but Sakaguchi pleaded with the company to make 400,000 to help spawn a sequel, and the management agreed,[10] then the original NES version successfully shipped 520,000 copies in Japan.[18] Following the successful North American localization of Dragon Quest, Nintendo of America translated Final Fantasy into English and published it in North America in 1990. The North American version of Final Fantasy met with modest success, partly due to Nintendo's then-aggressive marketing tactics. No version of the game was marketed in the PAL region until Final Fantasy Origins in 2003.[19]
Over the years, several theories emerged as to why the game was called Final Fantasy.[20] In 2015, Sakaguchi stated that, from the beginning, the team had wished for a name that could be shortened to FF (エフエフ efu efu ); that way, the game's title could be abbreviated in the Latin script and pronounced in four syllables in the Japanese language.[21][22] The original working title for Sakaguchi's RPG concept was Fighting Fantasy, but it was changed to avoid issues with a tabletop game of the same name that had already been released.[9][21] The reason for choosing the word "final" to form the eventual title of Final Fantasy was explained as twofold by Uematsu: for one thing, it stemmed from Sakaguchi's personal situation, as he would have quit the game industry and gone back to university had the game not sold well,[10][20] and for another, Square was under the threat of bankruptcy at the time, which meant the game could have been the company's last.[10][20] Although Sakaguchi confirmed some of the theories, he later downplayed the rationale for choosing the word "final", saying that "it was definitely a back-to-the-wall type situation back then, but any word that starts with an 'F' would have been fine".[21][22]
Versions and re-releasesEdit
Final Fantasy has been remade several times for different platforms and has frequently been packaged with Final Fantasy II in various collections.[5] While all of these remakes retain the same basic story and battle mechanics, various changes have been made in different areas, including graphics, sound, and specific game elements.
|Final Fantasy
|Family Computer / Nintendo Entertainment System
Nintendo (NES)
|The original version.
Technical limitations and the censorship policies of Nintendo of America resulted in a few minor changes to certain elements of the American version.[23][24][25]
|Final Fantasy
|Minor graphical upgrades, expanded music and sound effects, and fewer loading times.
|Final Fantasy I・II
|Family Computer
|A few graphical updates.
|Final Fantasy
|WonderSwan Color
|Background images in battle scenes, re-drawn sprites, and parity with later games.
|Final Fantasy Origins
|All-new, more detailed graphics, remixed soundtrack, FMV sequences, art galleries, and memo save function.
|Final Fantasy I & II: Dawn of Souls
|Game Boy Advance
|Four additional dungeons, updated bestiary, and a few minor changes.
|Final Fantasy
|Mobile phone
|Square Enix
Bandai Namco Games
|Final Fantasy
|PlayStation Portable
|Square Enix
|Higher-resolution 2D graphics, FMV sequences, remixed soundtrack,
bonus dungeons, and script from Dawn of Souls.
|Final Fantasy
|Wii Virtual Console
|Square Enix
|Virtual Console release of the original FC / NES version.
|Final Fantasy
|PlayStation Store PSOne Classics
|Release of the PlayStation version as a PSOne Classic.
|Final Fantasy
|Square Enix
|Square Enix
|Based on the PSP version.
|Final Fantasy
|PlayStation Store downloadable PSP games
|Square Enix
|PlayStation Portable version released as downloadable PSP game.
|Final Fantasy
|Windows Phone
|Square Enix
|Based on the iOS version.
|Final Fantasy
|Square Enix
|Square Enix
|Based on the iOS version, but without the bonus dungeons, bestiary, and music player.
|Final Fantasy
|Nintendo 3DS Virtual Console
|Square Enix
|Virtual Console release of the original FC version.
|Final Fantasy
|Wii U Virtual Console
|Square Enix
|Virtual Console release of the original FC version.
|Final Fantasy
|Nintendo eShop
|Square Enix
|Square Enix
|Based on the PSP version with updated 3D stereoscopic graphics.[26]
|Final Fantasy I & II Advance
|Wii U Virtual Console
|Square Enix
|Virtual Console release of the GBA version.
|Final Fantasy
|NES Classic Edition
|Square Enix
|The original version emulated as an in-built title for the system.
Final Fantasy was first re-released for the MSX2 system and was published by Microcabin in Japan in June 1989.[27] It had access to almost three times as much storage space as the Famicom version but suffered from problems not present in Nintendo's cartridge media, including noticeable loading times. There were also minor graphical upgrades, much-improved music tracks, and sound effects.
In 1994, Final Fantasy I・II, a compilation of Final Fantasy and Final Fantasy II, was launched for the Famicom.[28] This version was only released in Japan and had very few graphical updates.
The WonderSwan Color remake was released in Japan on December 9, 2000,[27] and featured many new graphical changes. The 8-bit graphics of the original Famicom game were updated, battle scenes incorporated full background images, and character and enemy sprites were redrawn to look more like the ones from the Super Famicom Final Fantasy games.[29]
In Japan, Final Fantasy and Final Fantasy II were re-released both separately and as a combined game for the PlayStation. The collection was released in Japan in 2002 as Final Fantasy I & II Premium Package and in Europe and North America in 2003 as Final Fantasy Origins. This version was similar to the WonderSwan Color remake[30] and featured several changes such as more detailed graphics, a remixed soundtrack, added full motion video sequences, art galleries of Yoshitaka Amano's illustrations, and a memo save function.[31] On December 18, 2012, the port was re-released as part of the Final Fantasy 25th Anniversary Ultimate Box release.[32]
Final Fantasy I & II: Dawn of Souls is, like Final Fantasy Origins, a port of the first two games in the series and was released for the Game Boy Advance in 2004. The Dawn of Souls version incorporates various new elements, including four additional dungeons, an updated bestiary, and a few minor changes.[33]
Square Enix released a version of Final Fantasy for two Japanese mobile phone networks in 2004; a version for NTT DoCoMo FOMA 900i series was launched in March under the title Final Fantasy i[34] and a subsequent release for CDMA 1X WIN-compatible phones was launched in August.[35] Another titular version was released for SoftBank Yahoo! Keitai phones on July 3, 2006.[36] The games have more refined graphics compared to the original 8-bit game, but not as advanced as many of the later console and handheld ports.
Square Enix planned to release this version for North American mobile phones in 2006,[37] but it was delayed to 2010 and released in collaboration with Namco. It retains the game difficulty and MP System from the original Famicom version. Other elements such as updated graphics, spell names, monster names, bosses, items, and areas are borrowed from the Game Boy Advance / Wonderswan Color versions, not including the additional areas and monsters present in the GBA version. Game data is saved as in the original Famicom version (by using Tent, Sleeping Bag, and Cottage or by going into an inn). However, there are now three save game slots and a "Temporary Save" option available in the game.[38]
For the 20th anniversary of Final Fantasy, Square Enix remade Final Fantasy and Final Fantasy II for the PlayStation Portable.[39] The games were released in Japan and North America in 2007,[40] and in European territories in 2008.[41] The PSP version features higher-resolution 2D graphics, full motion video sequences, a remixed soundtrack, and a new dungeon as well as the bonus dungeons from Dawn of Souls. The script is the same as in the Dawn of Souls version, aside from the new dungeon.[42]
Square Enix released the original NES version of the game on the Wii's Virtual Console service in Japan on May 26, 2009,[43] in North America on October 5, 2009[44] and in the PAL region as an import on May 7, 2010.[45]
On February 25, 2010, Square Enix released the iOS version of Final Fantasy, based on the PSP port with touch controls, worldwide.[46] On June 13, 2012, Square Enix released the Windows Phone version, which is based on the iOS version.[47][48] On July 27, 2012, Square Enix released an Android port, largely based on the iOS version though lacking the new dungeons of the 20th-anniversary edition.[49]
On November 11, 2016, the game (alongside 29 other games) was included in the NES Classic Edition / Nintendo Classic Mini: Nintendo Entertainment System released by Nintendo.[50]
|Aggregate scores
iOS: 74/100[58]
|Review scores
| NES: Script errorScript error[59]
MOB: Script errorScript error[60]
WonderSwan: 30/40[62]
| WonderSwan: 8.6/10[29]
iOS: 7 / 10[65]
|GamePlay RPG
|WonderSwan: 96%[66]
|iOS: Script errorScript error[67]
Final Fantasy has been well received by critics and commercially successful; the original NES version shipped 520,000 copies in Japan.[18] According to Square's publicity department, the Japanese Famicom and MSX releases sold a combined 600,000 copies, and the North American NES release sold 700,000 copies.[68] As of March 31, 2003, the game, including all re-releases and remakes at the time, had shipped 1.99 million copies worldwide, with 1.21 million of those copies being shipped in Japan and 780,000 abroad.[69] As of November 19, 2007, another PlayStation Portable version has shipped 140,000 copies.[70]
Editors at IGN ranked Final Fantasy the 11th best game on the NES, calling the game's class system diverse, and praising its convenient use of vehicles as a means of traveling across the world map.[71] GamesRadar ranked it the eighth best NES game ever made. The staff felt that while Dragon Warrior introduced gamers to the genre, Final Fantasy popularized it.[72] In 2004, readers of Retro Gamer voted Final Fantasy 93rd top retro game, with the staff noting that "despite poor visuals and a relatively simple quest, many still consider the original to be the best (with the exception of FFVII)."[73] In 2006, Final Fantasy appeared in the Japanese magazine Famitsu's Top 100 games list, where readers voted it the 63rd best game of all time.[74] GameFAQs users made a similar list in 2005, which ranked Final Fantasy at 76th.[75] It was rated the 49th best game made on a Nintendo system in Nintendo Power's Top 200 Games list.[76] In 2008, Nintendo Power ranked it the 19th best Nintendo Entertainment System video game, praising it for setting up the basics of console role-playing games, along with Dragon Warrior, and citing examples such as epic stories, leveling up, random battles, and character classes.[77]
Final Fantasy was one of the most influential early console role-playing games and played a major role in legitimizing and popularizing the genre.[78] According to IGN's Matt Casamassina, Final Fantasy's storyline had a deeper and more engaging story than the original Dragon Quest (known as Dragon Warrior in North America).[79] Modern critics have pointed out that the game is poorly paced by contemporary standards, and involves much more time wandering in search of random battle encounters to raise their experience levels and money than it does exploring and solving puzzles. Other reviewers find the level-building and exploration portions of the game as the most amusing ones.[31] In 1987, Famitsu initially described the original Final Fantasy as "one of many" that imitated the Dragon Quest formula.[80] The game is considered by some to be the weakest and most difficult installment of the series.[29]
The subsequent versions of Final Fantasy have garnered mostly favorable reviews from the media. Peer Schneider of IGN enjoyed the WonderSwan Color version, praising its graphical improvements, especially the environments, characters, and monsters.[29] Famitsu scored this version a 30 out of 40.[62] Final Fantasy Origins was generally well-received; GamePro said the music was "fantastic", and that the graphics had a "suitably retro cuteness to them."[81] Reviews for Final Fantasy I & II: Dawn of Souls were generally positive, with Jeremy Dunham of IGN giving particular praise to the improved English translation, saying it was better than any previous version of the game.[82] The PlayStation Portable version was not as critically successful as the previous releases; GameSpot's Kevin VanOrd cited the visuals as its strongest enhancement but stated that the additional random enemy encounters and updated graphics did not add much value.[83] The Dawn of Souls package was rated 76th in Nintendo Power's Top 200 Games list.[76]
A soundtrack album was released together with the score of Final Fantasy II in 1989.[84] Some of the game's tracks became mainstays to the Final Fantasy series: the "Prelude", the arpeggio played on the title screen; the "Opening Theme", which is played when the party crosses the bridge early in the game and later referred to as the Final Fantasy theme; and the "Victory Fanfare", which is played after every victorious battle. The opening motif of the battle theme has also been reused a number of times in the series.[5] Final Fantasy was also the basis for the series finale of a video game-themed cartoon series Captain N: The Game Master entitled "The Fractured Fantasy of Captain N".[85] 8-Bit Theater, a sprite-based webcomic created by Brian Clevinger, parodies the game, and has become very popular in the gaming community since it started in March 2001.[86]
Elements from the video game have also appeared in a series of fighting games: Dissidia Final Fantasy, Dissidia 012 Final Fantasy and Dissidia Final Fantasy NT. Warrior of Light, based on Yoshitaka Amano's design of the lead character, and Garland are the respective hero and villain representing Final Fantasy. Warrior of Light is voiced by Toshihiko Seki in the Japanese version and Grant George in the English version, while Garland is voiced by Kenji Utsumi (Dissidia Final Fantasy and 012 Dissidia Final Fantasy) and Kōji Ishii (Dissidia Final Fantasy NT) in the Japanese versions and Christopher Sabat in the English versions.[87] All the games add background information to the world of Final Fantasy. For instance, Dissidia 012 Final Fantasy names the world of Final Fantasy "World A" in order to distinguish it from World B, the world of Dissidia.[88] Characters and music from Final Fantasy have also appeared in the Theatrhythm Final Fantasy series.
See alsoEdit
- ↑ Final Fantasy (ファイナルファンタジー Fainaru Fantajī )
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Interview with Hironobu Sakaguchi". Shūkan Famitsu. ASCII Corporation. June 5, 1998. Archived from the original on February 6, 2011. https://www.webcitation.org/5wIqkZvTq?url=http://playstationjapan.tripod.com/Sakaguchi.html. Retrieved February 6, 2011.
- ↑ "Final Fantasy VII: In the Beginning...". Electronic Gaming Monthly (Ziff Davis) (93): 72. April 1997.
- ↑ Nintendo staff. "NES Games". Nintendo. Archived from the original on December 21, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20101221005931/http://www.nintendo.com/consumer/gameslist/manuals/nes_games.pdf. Retrieved September 24, 2011.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 Final Fantasy Explorer's Handbook (instruction manual). Square. 1989. NES-FF-USA.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 "Final Fantasy Retrospective: Part I". GameTrailers. July 15, 2007. http://www.gametrailers.com/full-episodes/bx14k1/gt-retrospectives-final-fantasy-retrospective--part-i. Retrieved October 16, 2008.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Final Fantasy Explorer's Handbook (instruction manual). Square. 1989. p. 80. NES-FF-USA.
- ↑ Square. Final Fantasy. (Nintendo). Nintendo Entertainment System. (July 12, 1990) "Garland: Remember me, Garland? Your puny lot thought it had defeated me. But, the Four FIENDS sent me back 2000 years into the past. / From here I sent the Four FIENDS to the future. The FIENDS will send me back to here, and the Time-Loop will go on. / After 2000 years, I will be forgotten, and the Time-Loop will close. I will live forever, and you shall meet doom!!"
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Parish, Jeremy (October 15, 2012). "What's the Deal with Square Enix's Akitoshi Kawazu?". http://www.1up.com/features/deal-square-enix-akitoshi-kawazu. Retrieved July 6, 2013.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Gifford, Kevin (December 21, 2011). "Hironobu Sakaguchi on Final Fantasy I's Roller-Coaster Development". Archived from the original on March 28, 2016. https://www.webcitation.org/6gLNbLUfI?url=http://www.1up.com/news/hironobu-sakaguchi-final-fantasy-roller-coaster. Retrieved September 2, 2013.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 Fear, Ed (December 13, 2007). "Sakaguchi discusses the development of Final Fantasy". Develop. Intent Media. Archived from the original on August 5, 2011. https://www.webcitation.org/60hMl5q2z?url=http://www.develop-online.net/news/28960/Sakaguchi-discusses-the-development-of-Final-Fantasy. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 Square. Final Fantasy. (Nintendo). Nintendo Entertainment System. Scene: opening staff credits. (July 12, 1990)
- ↑ "インタビュー『FINAL FANTASY I・II ADVANCE』" (in ja). Dengeki. 2004. http://dengekionline.com/soft/recommend/ff-gba/index.html.
- ↑ Square. Final Fantasy Origins. (Square Enix U.S.A., Inc.). PlayStation. Scene: Final Fantasy staff credits. (April 8, 2003)
- ↑ "Job". Creator's Voice: Final Fantasy III. Nintendo. Archived from the original on August 31, 2006. https://web.archive.org/web/20060831084325/http://touch-ds.jp/crv/vol1/005.html.
- ↑ Sato, Yoshi (December 19, 2007). "More Details on Final Fantasy IV's Sequel". 1UP.com. UGO Networks. http://www.1up.com/news/details-final-fantasy-sequel. Retrieved February 6, 2011.
- ↑ Bozon, Mark (January 13, 2009). "Interview With a Legend". IGN. IGN Entertainment, Inc.. http://www.ign.com/articles/2009/01/13/interview-with-a-legend?page=2. Retrieved February 6, 2011.
- ↑ Studio BentStuff (in Japanese). Final Fantasy IX Ultimania. Square Enix. pp. 578–582.
- ↑ 18.0 18.1 "日々是遊戯:もっとも売れたのはどれ? 歴代「FF」シリーズの出荷本数をまとめてみました - ITmedia Gamez". http://gamez.itmedia.co.jp/games/articles/0912/17/news104.html.
- ↑ Berardini, César A. (April 26, 2006). "An Introduction to Square-Enix". TeamXbox. Archived from the original on September 22, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130922073447/http://features.teamxbox.com/xbox/1554/An-Introduction-to-SquareEnix/p1/. Retrieved October 16, 2008.
- ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 Kohler, Chris (July 23, 2009). "Why's It Called 'Final Fantasy'? Uematsu Explains". Wired. https://www.wired.com/gamelife/2009/07/final-fantasy/. Retrieved September 2, 2013.
- ↑ 21.0 21.1 21.2 "『FF』はどのように世界に広がっていったのか? 坂口博信氏と浜村弘一ファミ通グループ代表が"国際日本ゲーム研究カンファレンス"にて語る". Famitsu. May 24, 2015. Archived from the original on May 26, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150526221313/http://www.famitsu.com/news/201505/24079276.html. Retrieved May 29, 2015.
- ↑ 22.0 22.1 Hansen, Steven (May 26, 2015). "Final Fantasy was almost called Fighting Fantasy: Creator explains actual reason behind the name". https://www.destructoid.com/final-fantasy-was-almost-called-fighting-fantasy-creator-explains-actual-reason-behind-the-name-292792.phtml. Retrieved February 22, 2017.
- ↑ "Final Fantasy". Final Fantasy Wiki. http://finalfantasy.wikia.com/wiki/Final_Fantasy.
- ↑ http://www.ffcompendium.com/h/faqs/ff1versions.txt
- ↑ "Final Fantasy". http://tcrf.net/Final_Fantasy.
- ↑ "Final Fantasy 1 Coming To Nintendo 3DS eShop With 3D Support". Siliconera. http://www.siliconera.com/2014/09/17/final-fantasy-1-coming-nintendo-3ds-eshop-3d-support/.
- ↑ 27.0 27.1 "Final Fantasy Tech Info". Archived from the original on September 11, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130911111622/http://www.gamespot.com/final-fantasy-3ds/techinfo/. Retrieved December 23, 2008.
- ↑ "Final Fantasy I & II [pre-owned"]. Play-Asia. http://www.play-asia.com/paOS-13-71-bk-49-en-70-pta.html. Retrieved December 22, 2008.
- ↑ 29.0 29.1 29.2 29.3 Schneider, Peer (February 12, 2001). "Final Fantasy (Import)". http://www.ign.com/articles/2001/02/13/final-fantasy-import. Retrieved October 16, 2008.
- ↑ Shoemaker, Brad (April 8, 2003). "Final Fantasy Origins Review". Archived from the original on December 23, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151223040518/http://www.gamespot.com/reviews/final-fantasy-origins-review/1900-6024755/. Retrieved December 23, 2008.
- ↑ 31.0 31.1 Dunham, Jeremy (April 15, 2003). "Final Fantasy Origins Review". http://www.ign.com/articles/2003/04/15/final-fantasy-origins. Retrieved October 16, 2008.
- ↑ Gantayat, Anoop (August 31, 2012). "Full Final Fantasy 25th Anniversary Ultimate Box Game List". Andriasang. Archived from the original on September 21, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130921060243/http://andriasang.com/con2j5/ff_ultimate_box_game_list/. Retrieved September 2, 2012.
- ↑ "Final Fantasy I & II: Dawn of Souls Developer Interview". November 29, 2004. Archived from the original on September 22, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130922085123/http://www.gamespot.com/final-fantasy-i-and-ii-dawn-of-souls/videos/final-fantasy-i-and-ii-dawn-of-souls-developer-interview-6114052/. Retrieved December 22, 2008.
- ↑ Tsukioka, Aki (February 24, 2004). "Square Enix to Launch DoCoMo Sites for World-Famous Game Titles". Japan Corporate News Network. Archived from the original on May 27, 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20090527162523/http://www.japancorp.net/Article.Asp?Art_ID=6612. Retrieved October 16, 2008.
- ↑ "KDDI Announces Three New CDMA 1X WIN Models". KDDI. Archived from the original on August 10, 2004. https://web.archive.org/web/20040810001050/http://www.kddi.com/english/corporate/news_release/2004/0712/index.html. Retrieved December 23, 2008.
- ↑ "ファイナルファンタジー for MOBILE" (in Japanese). Square Enix. http://www.square-enix.co.jp/mobile/ff/. Retrieved October 16, 2008.
- ↑ "Square Enix to Showcase All Encompassing Line-up at E3 2006". Square Enix. April 24, 2006. http://www.square-enix.com/na/company/press/2006/0424/. Retrieved October 16, 2008.
- ↑ "Namco Games - Final Fantasy mobile". Namco. http://www.namcogames.com/mobile/final-fantasy_8603.html. Retrieved August 15, 2010.
- ↑ Lumb, Jonathan (January 17, 2007). "Final Fantasy Remakes Coming to PSP". http://www.1up.com/news/final-fantasy-remakes-coming-psp. Retrieved December 23, 2008.
- ↑ "Square Enix ships remastered edition of Final Fantasy to retail". Square Enix. June 26, 2007. http://www.square-enix.com/na/company/press/2007/0626/. Retrieved October 16, 2008.
- ↑ "Final Fantasy Anniversary Edition for PSP". Archived from the original on January 25, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120125215425/http://www.gamespot.com/final-fantasy-anniversary-edition/related/platform/psp/. Retrieved October 16, 2008.
- ↑ Masae, Nakamura (April 23, 2007). "Final Fantasy Preview". GameSpy. http://uk.psp.gamespy.com/playstation-portable/final-fantasy-i-/782716p1.html. Retrieved December 22, 2008.
- ↑ "VC ファイナルファンタジー". Nintendo. https://www.nintendo.co.jp/wii/vc/vc_ff/index.html. Retrieved October 5, 2009.
- ↑ "Discover New Worlds, Hidden Words and the First Final Fantasy". Nintendo of America. October 5, 2009. https://www.nintendo.com/whatsnew/detail/c4tMRvn7hyMKidz4qH-aw4rwS6d9j7M9. Retrieved October 5, 2009.
- ↑ Nintendo Life. "Final Fantasy". Nintendo Life. http://www.nintendolife.com/games/nes/final_fantasy.
- ↑ Lanxon, Nate (February 25, 2010). "Final Fantasy now available on iPhone". Wired. Archived from the original on February 27, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20100227012346/http://www.wired.co.uk/news/archive/2010-02/25/final-fantasy-now-available-on-iphone.aspx. Retrieved February 25, 2010.
- ↑ Acevedo, Paul (June 13, 2012). "At last, Final Fantasy appears on the Windows Phone Marketplace". WPCentral. http://www.wpcentral.com/last-final-fantasy-appears-windows-phone-marketplace. Retrieved June 13, 2012.
- ↑ "Final Fantasy xBox Live Windows Phone Game". BestWP7Games. June 13, 2012. Archived from the original on May 17, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120517013722/http://www.bestwp7games.com/final-fantasy-xbox-live-windows-phone-game.html.
- ↑ Gray, Nick (July 27, 2012). "Final Fantasy for Android now Available on Google Play for $6.99". AndroidandMe. http://androidandme.com/2012/07/applications/final-fantasy-for-android-now-available-on-google-play-for-6-99/. Retrieved August 1, 2012.
- ↑ "Nintendo's releasing a miniature NES console packed with 30 classic games". http://www.pcworld.com/article/3095790/hardware/nintendos-releasing-a-miniature-nes-console-packed-with-30-classic-games.html.
- ↑ "Final Fantasy for NES". CBS Interactive. https://www.gamerankings.com/nes/522595-final-fantasy/index.html. Retrieved November 27, 2012.
- ↑ "Final Fantasy Origins for PlayStation". CBS Interactive. https://www.gamerankings.com/ps/561981-final-fantasy-origins/index.html. Retrieved June 9, 2018.
- ↑ "Final Fantasy I & II: Dawn of Souls for Game Boy Advance". CBS Interactive. https://www.gamerankings.com/gba/920240-final-fantasy-i-and-ii-dawn-of-souls/index.html. Retrieved June 9, 2018.
- ↑ "Final Fantasy for PSP". CBS Interactive. https://www.gamerankings.com/psp/937909-final-fantasy/index.html. Retrieved June 9, 2018.
- ↑ "Final Fantasy Origins for PlayStation Reviews". CBS Interactive. https://www.metacritic.com/game/playstation/final-fantasy-origins. Retrieved June 9, 2018.
- ↑ "Final Fantasy I & II: Dawn of Souls for Game Boy Advance Reviews". CBS Interactive. https://www.metacritic.com/game/game-boy-advance/final-fantasy-i-ii-dawn-of-souls. Retrieved June 9, 2018.
- ↑ "Final Fantasy for PSP Reviews". CBS Interactive. https://www.metacritic.com/game/psp/final-fantasy. Retrieved June 9, 2018.
- ↑ "Final Fantasy for iPhone/iPad Reviews". CBS Interactive. https://www.metacritic.com/game/ios/final-fantasy. Retrieved November 28, 2012.
- ↑ "Final Fantasy". Allgame. Rovi Corporation. http://www.allgame.com/game.php?id=1192&tab=overview. Retrieved November 28, 2012.
- ↑ "Final Fantasy". Allgame. Rovi Corporation. http://www.allgame.com/game.php?id=50026&tab=overview. Retrieved November 28, 2012.
- ↑ "ファイナルファンタジーV [スーパーファミコン"] (in Japanese). Famitsu. http://www.famitsu.com/cominy/?m=pc&a=page_h_title&title_id=8208. Retrieved September 5, 2015.
- ↑ 62.0 62.1 ワンダースワン - ファイナルファンタジー. Weekly Famitsu. No.915 Pt.2. Pg.112. June 30, 2006.
- ↑ VanOrd, Kevin (June 25, 2007). "Final Fantasy Anniversary Edition Review". http://www.gamespot.com/reviews/final-fantasy-anniversary-edition-review/1900-6173084/. Retrieved September 5, 2015.
- ↑ Dunham, Jeremy (June 27, 2007). "Final Fantasy Review". http://www.ign.com/articles/2007/06/28/final-fantasy-review-2. Retrieved September 5, 2015.
- ↑ "Final Fantasy". IGN. IGN Entertainment Games. http://www.ign.com/articles/2010/02/25/final-fantasy-i-review. Retrieved November 28, 2012.
- ↑ GamePlay RPG, issue 6 (February 2001), pages 38-39
- ↑ Hodapp, Eli (February 24, 2010). "'Final Fantasy' and 'Final Fantasy II' – Excellent Ports of RPG Classics". https://toucharcade.com/2010/02/24/final-fantasy-and-final-fantasy-ii-excellent-ports-of-rpg-classics/. Retrieved June 9, 2018.
- ↑ "Final Fantasy III". Electronic Gaming Monthly (Ziff Davis) (63): 172. October 1994.
- ↑ "Titles of game software with worldwide shipments exceeding 1 million copies". Square Enix. p. 27. http://www.jp.square-enix.com/ir/e/explanatory/download/0404-200402090000-01.pdf#page=27. Retrieved December 13, 2018.
- ↑ "FY2007 First-Half Period Results Briefing Session". Square Enix. November 19, 2007. http://www.jp.square-enix.com/ir/e/explanatory/download/20071119en_20.pdf. Retrieved December 13, 2018.
- ↑ "11. Final Fantasy – Top 100 NES Games". http://uk.ign.com/top-100-nes-games/11.html. Retrieved March 22, 2010.
- ↑ "Best NES Games of all time". GamesRadar. April 16, 2012. http://www.gamesradar.com/best-nes-games-all-time/. Retrieved December 5, 2013.
- ↑ Retro Gamer 8, page 60.
- ↑ Edge Staff (March 3, 2006). "Japan Votes on All Time Top 100". Edge. http://www.edge-online.com/features/japan-votes-all-time-top-100/. Retrieved October 16, 2008.
- ↑ "Fall 2005: 10-Year Anniversary Contest - The 10 Best Games Ever". Archived from the original on March 16, 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20090316073741/http://www.gamefaqs.com/features/contest/top10. Retrieved October 16, 2008.
- ↑ 76.0 76.1 Michaud, Pete (January 2006). "NP Top 200". Nintendo Power 199: 42–43.
- ↑ Nintendo Power - The 20th Anniversary Issue!. Nintendo Power. 231. San Francisco: Future US. August 2008. p. 71.
- ↑ "Final Fantasy (Final Fantasy I)". http://www.ign.com/games/final-fantasy/nes-6010. Retrieved December 22, 2008.
- ↑ Casamassina, Matt (July 19, 2005). "State of the RPG: GameCube". http://www.ign.com/articles/2005/07/19/state-of-the-rpg-gamecube. Retrieved October 16, 2008.
- ↑ Fujii, Daiji (2003). "Entrepreneurial Choices of Strategic Options in Japan's RPG Development". p. 14. Archived from the original on December 30, 2008. https://web.archive.org/web/20081230090342/http://www.e.okayama-u.ac.jp/~dfujii/Option.pdf. Retrieved August 12, 2006.
- ↑ Fox, Fennec (April 7, 2003). "Final Fantasy Origins". GamePro. Archived from the original on September 18, 2008. https://web.archive.org/web/20080918074637/http://www.gamepro.com/article/reviews/28844/final-fantasy-origins/. Retrieved October 16, 2008.
- ↑ Dunham, Jeremy (November 30, 2004). "Final Fantasy I & II: Dawn of Souls". http://www.ign.com/articles/2004/11/30/final-fantasy-i-ii-dawn-of-souls. Retrieved December 22, 2008.
- ↑ VanOrd, Kevin (June 25, 2007). "Final Fantasy Anniversary Edition Review". Archived from the original on September 21, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130921060909/http://www.gamespot.com/final-fantasy-anniversary-edition/reviews/final-fantasy-anniversary-edition-review-6173084/?tag=tabs%3Breviews. Retrieved December 22, 2008.
- ↑ Schweitzer, Ben; Gann, Patrick. "All Sounds of Final Fantasy I - II". RPGFan. http://www.rpgfan.com/soundtracks/ff1&2/index.html. Retrieved July 9, 2008.
- ↑ "Final Fantasy Retrospective - Part X". GameTrailers. September 25, 2007. http://www.gametrailers.com/full-episodes/y25ol1/gt-retrospectives-part-x. Retrieved October 16, 2008.
- ↑ Maragos, Nich (November 7, 2005). "Will Strip For Games: Gaming Comics Online". http://www.1up.com/do/feature?pager.offset=2&cId=3145208. Retrieved December 23, 2008.
- ↑ Niizumi, Hirohiko (August 6, 2008). "Dissidia: Final Fantasy Hands-On". Archived from the original on February 3, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120203121755/http://www.gamespot.com/dissidia-final-fantasy/previews/dissidia-final-fantasy-hands-on-6195546/. Retrieved December 23, 2008.
- ↑ Square Enix. Dissidia 012 Final Fantasy. (Square Enix). PlayStation Portable. (March 22, 2011) "Report 7: World: A / Place: Town on the Hawk's Wing / Forgotten Memories -07- "So what you just told is all memory you have inherited?" / Yes. Memory succession is a dying art. In order to preserve this memory for a longer time, I thought it best to leave it in writing. / "Do you think there is any relation between your memory and the Four Fiends wreaking havoc on our world now?" / That, I cannot say with any certainty. But there are curious similarities as to where things happened. / Where the rip in time-space occurred, and where the Four Fiends now dwell... The scenery in both locations match with what remain in my memory. / "Thank you for sharing your story. It shall be passed on as recorded." / Lukahn, please let me ask you one question before we finish. The Warrior of Light, the one you predicted would save the world from this calamity with crystal in hand, is he really coming? / "I am called an oracle, but I am actually a historian." / "History must always converge. I feel faint signs of it coming from the distant worlds. / The Warrior of Light shall come indeed. / And he shall liberate this world... no, the people of this world from the cycle of negativity.""
External linksEdit
|Final Fantasy series
|Main games
|Final Fantasy • II • III • IV • V • VI • VII • VIII • IX • X • XI • XII • XIII • XIV • XV
|Other games
|Airborne Brigade • All the Bravest • Artniks • Brave Exvius • Dimensions • Explorers • Mobius • Mystic Quest • Record Keeper • Toki no Suishō • The 4 Heroes of Light • World
|Crystal Chronicles • Compilation of Final Fantasy VII • Dissidia • Tactics • Theatrhythm (Curtain Call) Type-0 (HD • Agito • Online)
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|Bravely Default (Second: End Layer) • Ehrgeiz • Super Smash Bros. for Nintendo 3DS and Wii U
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|Films and animation
|Legend of the Crystals • The Spirits Within • Unlimited • Last Order • Advent Children • Brotherhood • Kingsglaive
|Related articles
|Media (video games) • Character design • Gameplay (character jobs) • Music (concerts)


text:
John Metcalfe
John Metcalfe was CityLab's Bay Area bureau chief, covering climate change and the science of cities.
The stereotypical crudity of Americans must be of great interest to foreigners, because we were recently put through a curious test by Ukranians to measure how often we greet others with politeness or with disdain.
The software firm Vertaline, based in Lviv, monitored tweets from 462 U.S. locations in June and July to create its highly unscientific study. Specifically, the engineers logged how often Twitter users said "Good morning" and "Fuck you," and then created "heat maps" depicting the frequency of each type of salutation per day. (Vertaline loves heat maps so much it appears to have painted its office walls with them.) You can see the curse maps here, and the happy-greeting ones here.
And what are the conclusions of this test, at least according to my own informal scan of the daily maps? The cities that like to start their day with a cheery "morning" are Philadelphia; Lubbock, Texas; Atlanta; San Diego; Buffalo; and most anywhere in Illinois, Ohio and Indiana. The Pacific Northwest is very polite, and no one curses in Utah. There are no "good mornings" in a vast slice of the Midwest. Perhaps everyone's too depressed about the drought?
The city that most enjoys greeting the Twitterverse with a flaming F bomb? That would be Buffalo, which as far as I can tell pops up on the heat map every day save one. The San Diego-Los Angeles corridor is an extremely close second, and runner-ups include cities in southern Texas and actually just most of the eastern United States. You can perhaps blame that on I-95's awful gridlock.
So how seriously should we take these results? The top billing of San Diego and Buffalo on both heat maps suggest something other than rudeness and politeness is being measured. Maybe these are simply the cities most wired into Twitter. Or maybe there are some Twitter bots at play in these locations spamming the world with "fucks" and "mornings."
But treating the Buffalo thing as a reality for a minute, I decided to ask my colleague Mark Byrnes, who is from the city, about what could account for his hometown's alleged doody mouth. "We're a notoriously friendly city," he says. "Perhaps Twitter is the outlet for all the pent-up rage we've accumulated from years of being so darn nice to everyone."
Byrnes also guesses that the profanity could be because "another pro athlete made fun of our downtown (this happens regularly)," and that the map could actually be picking up on the anger of nearby Ontario's "depressed residents of Hamilton or St. Catharines."
But he says he's prouder to be on the "Fuck you" than the "Good morning" list. "Nothing makes me want to say 'Fuck you' more than when someone says 'Good morning, Twitter.'"
Top image a sampling of "Fuck you" tweets from July 24, courtesy of Vertaline.
The short-term rental market is reeling from the coronavirus-driven tourism collapse. Can the industry's dominant player stage a comeback after lockdowns lift?
Renters in apartments and houses share more than just germs with their roommates: Life under coronavirus lockdown means negotiating new social rules.
Because of coronavirus, millions of tenants won't be able to write rent checks. But calls for a rent holiday often ignore the longer-term economic effects.
Some renters and homeowners are getting financial assistance during the economic disruption from the coronavirus pandemic. What about landlords?
We must prepare for a protracted battle with coronavirus. But there are changes we can make now to prepare locked-down cities for what's next.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Technogym opened its new headquarters Saturday in Cesena, Italy, and welcomed President Bill Clinton at its inaugural Wellness Congress.
The fitness equipment manufacturer consolidated its Italian-based manufacturing facilities onto one 37-acre campus. The campus also houses the company's offices, a research and innovation center, and a wellness center that includes a gym for employees, a conference center, a library and a staff restaurant that serves locally grown food.
Architect Antonio Citterio designed the campus, which is built on the concepts of eco-sustainability and bio-architecture. The north-facing building exploits natural heat exchange to keep the interior warm in the winter and cool in summer months, reducing emissions from fuel consumption for heating and air conditioning systems. Large windows in the facility can be opened, exploiting natural recirculation of air to cool the interior without the need for air conditioning systems.
The grand opening of the facility was held in the morning in one of the manufacturing buildings, with large screens projecting videos about the company and the events occurring on the stage. A large yellow curtain with the Technogym logo adorning it concealed much of the production facility behind it.
Barbara Serra, an Italian-born former BBC producer and presenter who now is a London-based TV presenter on Al Jazeera TV, was the emcee for the event, which was presented in Italian. She spoke about how Nerio Alessandri, founder of Technogym, started Technogym at the age of 22 in the garage of his parents' house with the help of his 16-year-old brother, Perluigi Alessandri, who is now vice chairman of the company.
Nerio Alessandri then spoke about how he started the company as a wellness company. He said he anticipates this area of Italy becoming the Wellness Valley, and he anticipates 25,000 people per year will come through the campus to see the wellness initiatives the company is creating.
"This is not meant to be just a factory," Alessandri said through an interpreter. "It is a wellness experience."
Alessandri also said that the key to business success is innovation, but innovation cannot be created alone. Instead, the industry must come together and form partnerships. He also noted how many people had come together to create the Technogym Village.
"This dream we want to create—thanks to all the people who believed in it," Alessandri said. "We have created it."
Perluigi Alessandri then joined his brother on stage for an emotional hug, the video screens showing their mother in the audience. Together, the brothers dropped the yellow curtain behind the stage on which they stood, revealing the manufacturing facility to a round of applause.
The crowd then chanted for Italian President Giorgio Napolitano, who was among the dignitaries at the event, to speak. He took the microphone briefly to offer praise for Technogym and Alessandri, noting that America may pride itself on being a nation of self-made men, but "who better is an example of a self-made man than Nerio Alessandri?"
A luncheon followed the Village opening. After the luncheon, Technogym presented its first Wellness Congress to a group of about 1,000 Technogym employees, health and government officials, Technogym customers and media in a large conference room on the third floor of the facility. Much of the Technogym Village opening and the Wellness Congress was streamed live on Technogym's website and Facebook page.
Panel sessions were followed by the keynote speaker, President Bill Clinton. Clinton arrived during the panel presentations, and Alessandri showed Clinton around the facility before bringing him upstairs to the conference room.
"I just tried out the equipment here," Clinton said as he took the stage. "Now I don't just want to buy new equipment; I want to apply for a job here."
He later said that his visit had inspired him to do more to improve the health of his own employees at the Clinton Foundation, which he founded after his presidency to improve global health, strengthen economies, promote healthier childhoods and protect the environment.
During his keynote address, Clinton related how the United States' biggest problem is childhood obesity but that malnutrition also is a problem. The Clinton Foundation is working on the obesity issue, especially as it relates to children.
Prior to Clinton's presentation, David Rowan, editor-in-chief of Wired magazine, offered thoughts on how technology is changing the fitness world.
"It is now a more data-driven, connected and sharing world," Rowan said. "This is an opportunity for the fitness industry."
On the Globesity panel session that followed Rowan's remarks were Michael Pratt, senior advisor for Global Health National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention; Steven Blair, epidemiologist, North Carolina University; Edward M. Phillips, director of the Institute of Lifestyle Medicine at Harvard Medical School; Lee Chee Pheng, president of the National Association for Fitness Instructors; and Daniela Lucini, researcher with Humanitas.
Ertharin Cousin, executive director of the World Food Programme, also addressed the crowd, speaking about how the organization has fed millions of starving people, but how it now faces a new problem—over-nutrition. She said that the world has 43 million obese children, and chronic disease is escalating throughout most of the world because of obesity.
During the Wellness Congress, Technogym announced that in March 2013, it would release a range of new Android-based products on which consumers can download as many apps as they want as well as use Skype. No further details were released.
Technogym also announced that in addition to opening the facility in Cesena, the company was opening its U.S. headquarters in Fairfield, NJ. The Fairfield location houses offices, a showroom, a wellness center for employees, a training center and a quality assurance lab. The Seattle office, where U.S. operations had been headquartered, will be closing.
The move was made to bring the U.S. headquarters closer to its U.S. warehouse in the Northeast and cut down on shipping time for its U.S. customers, according to the company.


text:
As the world waits with bated breath to see if Victoria "Posh" and David Beckhams' pink dreams come true, another couple in Australia is also waiting for a female child. But their way of "waiting" is much more tragic.
The unnamed couple has three sons and lost a baby daughter soon after birth. They are so desperate to have a little girl that they recently aborted twin boys conceived via IVF and are now going to court to win the right to select the sex by IVF treatment.
They say they want the opportunity to have the baby daughter they were tragically denied.
Let that sink in for a moment. They want the daughter they were tragically denied and are willing to further the tragedy by aborting male fetuses.
I'm not against abortion. It's a personal choice and I believe every woman has the right to make it, but this is awful. Truly, it's a tragedy all around.
It's a tragedy that these parents lost their child. I can't imagine wanting and longing for a daughter, having her, and losing her. But I would like to think that such a tragedy would make me hug my three remaining babies tighter, that it would make me want another baby, period. No matter what the gender.
I can't judge their grief or how they respond to it, but I do judge their decision to keep reliving their loss and to create life only in order to end it. There are other ways to have a baby daughter that don't involve such physically and emotionally invasive measures.
If this were China and they were aborting baby girls or leaving them out to die because of the one-child policy that favors boys, then we would all say what they were doing was wrong. How is this different? A gender preference is one thing. Destroying life because of it is another.
Of course, judging a couple in such acute grief just seems cruel. I do hope the Australian court grants them their wish because otherwise I fear they will just keep getting pregnant and aborting until they see female parts.
In this case, maybe modern science can help prevent more tragedy.
Do you think they are doing the wrong thing?
Image via Amazon


text:
I used to hate sloppy programmers, but now I've come to see there's an even worse beast - the *clever* programmer. A sloppy programmer tends to make big, sloppy errors, the kind you find and can easily track down. A clever programmer creates the kind of subtle errors that you spend days tearing your hair out searching for.
For example, in the software I maintain, one particular feature searched a particular subset of transactions. The author of the feature realized you could improve performance by quite a bit if you just made one tiny assumption - that transaction IDs monotonically increase with time (that is, that transaction #X occurred later than transaction #Y iff X > Y.)
In 99.9999% of cases this is true - however, under certain very rare circumstances, a transaction may be created out of order. If that transaction isn't of the type that this feature considers, no big deal. And if it is, in that one in a million chance, this feature loops over a nearly correct (but not quite) set of results. It was a very clever optimization, but in the end it created a nigh impossible to identify bug that lingered for years. In fact, it was a fluke that it was EVER caught.
I think I actually prefer maintaining code from mediocre programmers the best. They're good enough not to make an endless amount of mistakes, and they're not clever enough to come up with the subtle 'shortcuts' that nearly always work, but occasionally explode in your face.


text:
Capturing the spirit of the era, we will assemble one of the biggest collections of historic aircraft seen in the UK since the Second World War.
Red Arrows - Royal Air Force
Typhoon FGR4 - Royal Air Force
Avro Lancaster, PA474 - Royal Air Force, Battle of Britain Memorial Flight
Spitfire V – Shuttleworth Collection
Spitfire V – The Fighter Collection
Spitfire XI – Aircraft Restoration Company
Spitfire XI – P. Teichman
Spitfire T9 – Aircraft Restoration Company
Spitfire T9 – Aero Legends
Spitfire I - Commanche Fighters via The Fighter Collection
Spitfire I - Imperial War Museums
Spitfire IX – OFMC
Spitfire IX - Aero Legends
Spitfire XIV – Eastern Airways
Spitfire XVIII – Eastern Airways
Sea Hurricane – Shuttleworth Collection
Hurricane – Bygone Aviation
Hurricane – Aircraft Restoration Company
Vampire FB – NAFHS
Vampire T11 – NAFHS
Jet Provost – Jeff Bell
Provost T1 – Dave Cooper
Harvard – Aircraft Restoration Company
Chipmunk – Howard Cook
Tiger Moth – Classic Wings
Blackburn B2 – BAE Systems Heritage Flight
Avro Tutor – Shuttleworth Collection
Miles Magister – Shuttleworth Collection
Nimrod – The Fighter Collection
Dragon Rapide – Classic Wings
Avro Anson – BAE Systems Heritage Flight
Pembroke – Percival Aircraft
Buchon – Aircraft Restoration Company
Yak 3 – Will Greenwood
MiG 15 – NAFHS
Mustang – G-BIXL – Aircraft Restoration Company
Mustang – G-SHWN – Aircraft Restoration Company
SE5a – Shuttleworth Collection
Bristol Fighter – Shuttleworth Collection
Blenheim – Aircraft Restoration Company
Lysander – Shuttleworth Collection
Gladiator – Shuttleworth Collection
B-17 Flying Fortress – B-17 Preservation Ltd
Catalina – Plane Sailing
st24 wrote:No Fury??...
Jakub.Zurek wrote:Is the Spitfire XIV from Eastern Airways MV268?
Does look like this has the potential for a very good show
DaveBr wrote:I can't help but wish the IWM would try a bit harder with their website and these listings. It would create a better impression if nothing else... and I say this as a Duxford supporter!
Jakub.Zurek wrote:DaveBr wrote:I can't help but wish the IWM would try a bit harder with their website and these listings. It would create a better impression if nothing else... and I say this as a Duxford supporter!
The whole new website is appalling. The formatting is all wrong, nothing lines up, different fonts, different sizes, very chaotic. Looks like it's more suited for viewing on mobile phones, but it also looks terrible when I checked it on mine.
Not sure who was responsible for updating their website, before it was professional, now it looks someone with no website building experience made it in 10 mins.
Ryan. wrote:air refuelling flypast with Voyager and Typhoon.
aaron0288 wrote:Sounds amazing. Want to hold off to as near as possible to get tickets due to weather. What are the chances of this one selling out way before then?
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Arsen R. Hajian is an astronomer at the U.S.
Naval Observatory in Washington, DC. He joined
the scientific staff at the USNO Department of Astrometry
in 1995, after completing his doctorate at Cornell
University under the direction of Yervant
In addition to his research in planetary nebulae
and the physics of the interstellar medium, Arsen's
areas of active astrophysical research include spatial
optical interferometry, and precise interferometric
spectroscopy. He can sometimes be found at Anderson
Mesa, outside Flagstaff, Arizona, working with the
Prototype Optical Interferometry project, which
is measuring stellar positions and diameters and
splitting double stars with unprecedented accuracy.
Arsen is also completing the construction of a Fourier
Transform Spectrometer with which he hopes to detect
planets as small as the Earth in orbit about other
Arsen and his wife, Jenepher, celebrated the birth
of their son Krikor in January 2000.


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The Boerum Hill Association is a volunteer organization of residents of Boerum Hill. We seek to preserve and enhance the unique qualities of our neighborhood through advocacy, education and community building.
Boerum Hill is a tree-lined community that extends from the south side of Schermerhorn Street to the north side of Warren Street and from the east side of Court Street to the west side of Fourth Avenue.
We want to bring neighbors together and improve our neighborhood. Some of our initiatives include:
Our sister organization, the Hoyt Street Association is renowned for its Annual Plant Sale. The proceeds raised support the Hoyt Street Garden (corner of Hoyt Street and Atlantic Avenue), shredding Days, tree planting, painting over graffiti, Community Funding grants, and other beautifying activities for the neighborhood. The popular "Free Stories in the Garden", takes place Tuesday evenings beginning late June through the end of July. Scheduled volunteer readers take turns at the microphone to read stories to the children (and grown-ups, too). Free lemonade and cookies are provided to all.


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Dennis Wise latest celeb to leave the jungle amid bullying accusations
Dennis Wise has become the latest star to leave the I'm A Celebrity jungle after being accused of bullying.
The former footballer was evicted on Thursday night's episode after fans hit out at his behaviour towards Iain Lee.
He put pressure on Lee not to say "I'm a Celebrity… Get Me Out of Here" during his trial and had previously criticised the radio DJ's record in tasks.
But to the delight of viewers, Lee took six stars back to camp with the help of Jennie McAlpine.
I genuinely liked #DennisWise, right up to the point he became a bully towards Iain, That's when I lost all respect for him. He deserved to leave tonight.#ImACeleb #ImACelebrity— Mike Smith (@MikeSmithLondon) December 7, 2017
One Twitter user wrote: "I genuinely liked #DennisWise, right up to the point he became a bully towards Iain.
"That's when I lost all respect for him. He deserved to leave tonight."
Another simply said: "Dennis is so patronising towards Iain, can't stand him."
Dennis is so patronising towards Iain, can't stand him 😡😡😡 #ImACeleb— Emily Dunne (@emilydunne91) December 7, 2017
During their trial Lee and McAlpine had to release dingo dollars from a set of boxes using their mouths and tongues only – the catch being that the boxes were filled with fish guts, flies, mealworms, crickets, cockroaches and frogs.
Lee was thrilled to complete the challenge, after yelling the immortal words "I'm a Celebrity…Get Me Out Of Here" in an earlier trial.
Lee failed to get a single star when he was lowered into a pool and tasked with swimming through several water chambers filled with critters.
But this time round he proclaimed: "What a relief, what a thrill, I feel I've earnt my place round the fire tonight, this is great."
Your votes mean that @denniswise is the sixth Campmate to leave the Jungle! #ImACeleb pic.twitter.com/7jxcp3OCdy— I'm A Celebrity... (@imacelebrity) December 7, 2017
However, it wasn't all good news for Lee, as he quarrelled with Amir Khan after reminiscing about the recently departed Stanley Johnson.
The professional boxer said Johnson was "good company" before turning to Lee and saying: "On a serious note, when you came in you did f*** a lot of things up.
"Remember you came in and you bossed us all around, you split the camp up."
Talking in the Bush Telegraph later, Lee said: "Amir was being an asshole, just prodding me and making all these jokes, it wasn't funny, it made me feel uncomfortable."
Amir, Jamie and Dennis... How my opinions of you have changed. You're ganging up and bullying Iain and trying to twist it that it's HIM playing the game. Grow up boys, we can all see what's going on #ImACeleb— Suzi Hyde (@Zoobabe79) December 7, 2017
if you're voting to save jamie, dennis or amir because you're enjoying the drama, please stop and think about the affect it has on Iain's state of mind. here's clearly being bullied by the "lads" and it must be awful for him in that camp. #imaceleb— dani (@kateconnr) December 6, 2017
Fans accused Khan and Jamie Lomas of ganging up on Lee, after they said he was "playing a game".
One twitter user wrote: "Amir, Jamie and Dennis… How my opinions of you have changed. You're ganging up and bullying Iain and trying to twist it that it's HIM playing the game. Grow up boys, we can all see what's going on #ImACeleb."


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Tag Archives: von maedler
Ideal Bride Expo
The Ideal Bride Expo was on last weekend at the RNA Showgrounds in Brisbane. We were lucky enough to get the opportunity from Ideal Bride to style the stage for the fashion show. What a wonderful opportunity for our team. … Continue reading


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Wedding Photojournalism by Rodney Bailey
Welcome to Wedding Photojournalism by Rodney Bailey. We are so glad you're here! We hope you'll enjoy viewing our online portfolio as an introduction to our photojournalistic approach to documenting your life celebrations. We can't wait to do the same for you!
Looking for inspiration? Head over to our Blog for venue and real wedding features, planning tips and expert advice from event and wedding professionals in Washington DC, Northern Virginia and Maryland. Get to know our team of experienced Wedding and Event Photographers and Contact us to say hello, check availability or to discuss your upcoming special occasion. We look forward to hearing from you!
Voted Best Wedding Photographer in Washington DC by Washingtonian Magazine since 1999, and Northern Virginia Magazine's Best Photographer in 2016


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Students interested in psychology will have two new baccalaureate degree options available to them at Penn State Fayette, The Eberly Campus, beginning this September.
"We are very happy to be expanding our academic portfolio at Penn State Fayette, The Eberly Campus, by adding the bachelor of arts and bachelor of science degrees in psychology," said Arlene Hall, interim chancellor. She continued, "Psychology is a broad field that prepares students for a variety of careers. The major teaches students about life processes and patterns, data synthesis and analysis, research, interpersonal skills, human development and more."
The psychology major at Penn State Fayette is intended for students who want to learn about human behavior, scientific research methods and how psychology may be used to solve real-world problems. Students take coursework in various areas of psychology, including clinical psychology, developmental psychology and social psychology.
During the fourth year, students will choose a capstone course from one of several options: an internship in a professional setting, a senior seminar on an integrative topic or a research or senior thesis project.
The bachelor of arts in psychology prepares students with a basic background in psychology as well as a broad liberal arts foundation, including competence in a foreign language. This major prepares students for careers in clinical settings, social service agencies, research institutes or businesses. Students may also go on to graduate school or professional school in psychology, human services or business.
The bachelor of science in psychology also prepares students with the basics in psychology; however, it offers two options to prepare students for their specific career goals. The science option offers coursework in anthropology, biology, bio-behavioral health and chemistry. This option is suited for careers in biological, developmental and clinical psychology. The business option offers coursework in business, leadership and marketing, and prepares students for careers or graduate study in business, human resources, marketing or organizational psychology.
Hall noted that many career options are available to job-seekers with a psychology degree from Penn State. She said, "Students majoring in psychology are often able to find jobs in very diverse fields because of the transferrable skills they acquire in the program. Our admissions staff is prepared to answer any questions regarding the psychology programs as well as the nearly 160 majors offered by Penn State," said Hall.
For more information about the new psychology degrees or any other degree program offered by the University, call the Penn State Fayette Admissions Office at 724-430-4130, send email to firstname.lastname@example.com or visit fayette.psu.edu.


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Open House: Sunday, April 14TH, 2-4PM. 19 Yorkview..
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To learn more about Scott's achievements in real estate sales and rentals, and read Customer Reviews, go to the About Scott Selleck section.


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A Historical Tour of Aphrodisiacs with Francine Segan main content.
COVID-19 Update: The Museum is closed to maintain health and safety. Read more.
by AMNH on
In honor of the approaching Valentine's Day, the Museum will host food historian Francine Segan for Aphrodisiacs: Myth or Reality?, featuring stories and tastings of foods considered to have seductive properties throughout time. Here, Segan unravels the histories behind a few food items thought to have a strong connection to passion.
Why were oysters, scallops, mussels, and other types of seafood hailed as aphrodisiacs?
Aphrodisiacs were named for Aphrodite, the goddess of love. According to ancient Greek legend, Aphrodite was born from the sea and arrived onshore transported on either an oyster or scallop shell. So oysters and all sorts of shellfish were thought to be aphrodisiacs.
Why did wine come to be viewed as an aphrodisiac?
The ancient Greeks and Romans worshipped and held yearly festivals for the wine god Bacchus, also called Dionysus, who was born from an affair between the god Zeus and a mortal woman. Wine, for the ancients, was not just a nice drink to have with dinner, but thought to be absolutely essential to good health. At that time, water was often filled with dangerous germs, whereas wine was safe. More than just essential to good health, wine was believed to be essential to life, making it one of the first and most popular aphrodisiacs.
Have any foods been regarded as anti-aphrodisiacs?
The ancient Greeks, including the philosopher and mathematician Pythagoras, believed lettuce would "relax desire," calling it "the plant of the eunuchs." Poor lettuce was maligned through the 18th century, especially in England, where physicians and medical writers like famed herbalist Nicholas Culpeper insisted that "the juice of lettuce reduces bodily lust." Coffee, too, was considered an anti-aphrodisiac, and its reputation got so bad that the women of London circulated a petition in 1674 that called for the drink to be banned to ensure future generations of English.


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It has the makings of a great Hollywood story. Ex-husband and ex- wife as rival filmmakers working their way through the award show circuit. They hit the final stretch neck and neck, leading the field with their wildly disparate projects.
All very sexy and very true except for the rival parts. While this story-line will dominate all the way through the big Oscar night in a month, "Avatar's" James Cameron and "Hurt Locker's" Kathryn Bigelow are actually remarkably cordial. Their brief marriage ended in 1991 in what has to be one of the friendliest divorces known to man or the Hollywood community (for the wife-prolific Cameron it was his third of five, so you might have completely missed it unless you were paying attention).
Nowhere was this respect more evident than in Cameron's Golden Globe acceptance speech for best director. "I'm actually not well prepared because, frankly, I thought Kathryn was going to get this," Cameron said from the podium. "And she richly deserves it."
U.S. & World
Bigelow's "Locker" is the true critics' darling, while "Avatar" is the epitome of big budget commercialism. For example, reported production costs for "Locker" range around the $10 million mark -- just a fraction of "Avatar's" reported $280 million production costs.
Now each head into the final round of Academy Awards hype with a leading nine nominations each for their respective films, including best picture and best director.
Sure they both want the big prize and the competitive fires don't need any more fuel within either director. But expect this friendly, respectful banter to continue right up to the Oscar night and beyond.


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|Common Name:
|Chaco Golden Stripe-knee
|Year of Discovery:
|Argentina and Paraguay
|Tarantula World:
|New World
|Terrestrial, opportunistic burrowing species.
|Docile, rarely flick urticating hairs. Exceptions do exist, so be observant and cautious.
|Medium, this species reaches 7"- 9" with a stocky body.
|Experience Level:
|Can be handled, but always use caution. It is recommended to sit close to the floor when handling any species. If your Tarantula falls to the ground it can be fatal, their exoskeleton is very fragile. Be careful! And though this species is generally known to be one of the better species for handling, I have read reports of bites from seemingly unprovoked spiders while out in hand.
|55 - 65 %
|Any enclosure from 10-20 gallon will work, with more floor area and less height for an adult specimen. Provide a hiding spot, a flower pot or wood bark can be used. Be creative, there are lots of different ways to make a hide for a Tarantula. Artificial plants are optional. When keeping this species in a larger enclosure make sure to add enough substrate to prevent any injuries from a potential fall. Give them no more than 1.5 times their diagonal leg span in height to the top of the enclosure.
|Coconut choir (Eco Earth) and/or Peat Moss, you may make a mix of coconut choir and Peat Moss (75/25). Avoid any Evergreen woods (Cypress, Reptile Bark, or forest mix) inside of the enclosure. Evergreens contain natural insecticidal oils that can harm your Tarantula if exposed long enough. Isopods(rolly-polies, or pillbugs) are a good cleaner to keep in thesubstrate that will help reduce the risk of mold. Molds can also be inhibited by allowing the substrate to dry out completely (just keep the water dish filled).
|Crickets, roaches, meal worms, wax worms, and giant worms. Please do not offer wild caught prey, as it may contain pesticides which can harm your Tarantula.
Alsonever feed your tarantula kingworms (giant mealworms) as theseare mealworms that have been fed juvenile growth hormones to prevent them from maturing so they grow bigger. JGH are a common insecticide and would not be good for your invertebrate tarantula! (I received this from a personal conversation with a cricket/worm breeder near me). Furthermore, online information often recommends feeding G. pulchripes an occasional baby mouse (i.e. "pinky"), this is not recommended here on the grounds that the extra calcium can be harmful to their exoskeletons.
G. pulchripes have a great appetite and seem to love to eat.
|Make sure to offer a water bowl, the size should be half the size of the spider. Do not use any sponges, cotton balls or paper towel or water crystals inside of water bowl, just clean water. Small rocks may be added to help avoid drowning prey. Clean the water bowl at least once a week, or when you feel it is necessary. Crickets or roaches may end up dead in the water, in which case you should clean it right away. Spiderlings can have a water bowl (a water bottle cap works well) when they are about 1.5. Prior to that you can mist one side of the enclosure wall 1-2 times a week, and keep the substrate moist; do not over wet it.
|It has been said that this species can live up to 20 years if well cared for. No formal record has been made yet.
|Maturity female:
|3-5 years, this is only an estimate.
|Maturity male/ Tibial Apophysis:
|2-3 years, this is only an estimate. Yes, on first pair of legs. Mature males have been known to live two years or more.
|Communal Setup:
|Not recommended for this species.
|Color Markings:
|The overall coloration of this species is a dark slate gray base with coppery highlight setae ("hairs") over the full body, with golden yellow stripes on the knees and legs. Some specimen have a deep purple sheen on their carapace and front of their chelicerae. These are gorgeous spiders that seem to enhance in beauty with each molt.
|In the Wild:
|Grammostola pulchripes is a terrestrial tarantula native to the Chaco region of Argentina and the Grand Chaco region west of the Paraguay River. It is at home in grassy and scrubland environments where conditions are dryer.
|Special Note:
|Make sure never to keep a Tarantula enclosure directly in the sun. No additional light is necessary for your Tarantulas habitat; natural lighting is perfectly fine.
|CITES List:
|No listing for this species. Today, many captive bred specimen are available.
|Disclaimer from Tarantulas US:
|Handling venomous animals is not advised or endorsed by this forum. In certain cases of envenomation, hospitalization has been required. Some species may have very potent venom and special caution should be taken.
|More Information:
|All rights reserved


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Diabetic Cataracts
The importance of an ocular examination by an ophthalmologist at the time of the
initial diagnosis of diabetes is illustrated here with these six photographs.
All four of these cases had advanced to Glaucoma prior to an ophthalmic exam
and responded poorly to Rx. Vision was not returned.
9 year old miniature schnauzer 8 year old cocker
8 year od miniature schnauzer 10 year old samoyed
Resorbing Diabetic Cataracts
9 year old Labrador Retriever 8 year old mixed breed
Both dogs were blind on ophthalmic presentation.
With Rx, controlled uveitis resulted in lens resorbtion and return of vision
| Meet the Doctor | Publications | News | Ocular Diseases | Links | Top |
© Copyright 2000 All Animal Eye Clinic
Questions? Send a message to the site Webmaster.
Questions? Send a message to the site Webmaster.


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I've recently installed Blender 3D version 2.63a on Windows 7 - 32 bit.
But when I choose cycles render it simply crashes and gives this message:
Problem signature:
Problem Event Name: BEX
Application Name: blender.exe
Application Version: 18.104.22.168
Application Timestamp: 4fab90b4
Fault Module Name: blender.exe
Fault Module Version: 18.104.22.168
Fault Module Timestamp: 4fab90b4
Exception Offset: 00b433d9
Exception Code: c0000417
Exception Data: 00000000
OS Version: 6.1.7600.2.0.0.256.1
Locale ID: 1033
Additional Information 1: 0051
Additional Information 2: 0051416a81a617261107cf8af190d441
Additional Information 3: edaf
Additional Information 4: edafe54127b13fa8b5d3601ef2bf9655
Also when I go to User Preferences and press the System tab it gives this error also.
Can someone please help me?
Thanks in advance.
Blender Crashes when I switch to Cycles Render engine??
Animation tools, character animation, non linear animation
Moderators: jesterKing, stiv
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The iPhone/iPod Touch Apps Announced At WWDC
Although eclipsed by the understandable hoopla over iPhone 4, three high profile applications were also announced for the iPhone/iPod Touch during the WWDC keynote this week.
The iPhone/iPod Touch Netflix player that was revealed in April headlined the software demonstrations, and now has a semi-solid release date of "this Summer." It looks to boast the same functionality you get with both the home and iPad versions; you'll be able to see your instant queue, browse for titles, pick up movies where you left off etc. It works on both Wi-Fi and 3G, though now that ATT has removed the option of an unlimited data plan, that could be a bit of trouble.
The Facebook phenom Farmville is coming at the end of June. The integration with Facebook is all there, so you'll have the same farm, same friends, etc. Is this exciting? If you play it, you already know what it is. If you don't play it, you still know what it is from getting spammed in Facebook about it. Also, I'm not sure if it's such a great idea to have bent-necked Farmville junkies out wandering the streets, though that touch control tractor does look pretty awesome! Yikes.
Finally, the Guitar Hero iPhone was announced during the WWDC keynote for immediate release that same day. To my untrained eyes, it looks nearly impossible, though seeing the Activision guy 5 star "Death By Diamonds and Pearls" by Band of Skulls was completely impressive. The packed in track list includes: Queen - "We Are The Champions", Rise Against - "Savior", The Rolling Stones - "Paint it Black", The White Stripes - "Seven Nation Army", Weezer - "Say It Ain't So", and Vampire Weekend - "Cousins". Currently, 15 more tracks are available from the in-game store.


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The California State University system has now joined with the University of California to offer entire degree programs through online instruction.
Students are already able to access a few master's degrees online, but the new effort from both institutions offers the possibility that tens of thousands of students will be able to earn degrees without ever stepping into a traditional classroom or campus environment.
Promoters of online education offer all kinds of benefits from the new instruction system.
Among them, the university will be able to extend its reach to students unable to attend a traditional institution; the university will be able to reach students all over the world; and the university will be able to stretch its ever-shrinking resources.
Yes, sir, with a computer at his or her disposal, anyone can access the university and its bounty.
Gosh, this sounds so high-tech! But there's another side to this picture.
First off, let's call a spade a spade. Online instruction is an incredibly inexpensive way for the university to enrich its coffers for a minimal investment.
Instead of spatial limitations associated with a classroom or even an auditorium, the same class could be "offered" to thousands of students simultaneously--thousands of students paying the same tuition as those on campus.
Not bad.
Of course, left unsaid is how any professor will mark thousands of papers or exams.
Second, there's the question of integrity. How will online courses minimize the possibilities of cheating on exams?
Are we to assume that all--or even most--students will abide by on honor code?
University officials say this "detail" will be worked out, but examples elsewhere suggest the problem is real.
Finally, there's the issue of quality learning.
Students gain much of their insight through the exchanges of ideas and values that come as a result of classroom interaction.
This often under-appreciated exercise places the professor as the provacateur, an individual who challenges students to think and process in ways they might not do as individuals staring at their computer.
Online chats don't get close to simulating the classroom experience.
Sound corny? Perhaps, but it's part of the foundation of what we call a liberal (not to be confused with the political construct of the term) education.
This is not to suggest that online instruction doesn't have a place in the university. It does.
But its utility is much more beneficial in a "how to" environment of engineering and many sciences rather than the "what if" and "how about" settings of the social sciences. In fact, some would argue that in today's crammed academic environment, these questions aren't asked enough as it is.
Maybe there's some room for online learning in the university, particularly if the integrity issue can be managed.
But it's hard not to believe that the more the university relies on this approach for instruction (and income!), the more that students will be deprived of an all-around quality education.
But then, maybe that doesn't matter as long as the books balance.
Let us know what you think. Comment below, send us your thoughts via Twitter @PropZero or add your comment to our Facebook page.


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John Mayer is getting very candid about his past relationships with Jessica Simpson and Jennifer Aniston. In a new interview with Playboy, the rocker compares Jessica to a drug and says he still loves Jen.
"That girl, for me, is a drug. And drugs aren't good for you if you do lots of them. Yeah, that girl is like crack cocaine to me. Sexually it was crazy. That's all I'll say," John told Playboy in its March issue when asked about his 2006 relationship with Jessica. "It was like napalm, sexual napalm."
John told the mag he felt addicted to the 29-year-old singer.
"There are people in the world who have the power to change our values. Have you ever been with a girl who made you want to quit the rest of your life?" he continued. "Did you ever say, 'I want to quit my life and just f****** snort you? If you charged me $10,000 to f*** you, I would start selling all my s*** just to keep f****** you.'"
In the interview, the rocker also dished on ex-girlfriend Jennifer Aniston, admitting that he's still in love with the actress and feels "very protective" of her.
"Do you still love her?" the mag asked.
"Yes, always. I'll always be sorry that it didn't last," John said. "In some ways I wish I could be with her. But I can't change the fact that I need to be 32."
The rocker won't reveal how much of his latest album, "Battle Studies," is about Jen, but says he hopes his music will relate to everyone's lives.
"I feel bad because people think 'Heartbreak Warfare' is about [Jen]. I want to go on record saying it's not. That woman would never use heartbreak warfare," he continued. "That woman was the most communicative, sweetest, kindest person. When people hear the record, I hope the songs make them think about their lives, not my life.
"We just have a regard for each other's feelings that is pretty intense. It's been a deep relationship, and it's no longer taking place at all," he said about the 40-year-old actress. "Have you ever loved somebody, loved her completely, but had to end the relationship for life reasons?"
John goes to deny reports that he and Jen broke up because he was Tweeting too much – though he does admit there was a technological divide in their relationship.
"One of the most significant differences between us was that I was Tweeting. There was a rumor that I had been dumped because I was Tweeting too much. That wasn't it, but that was a big difference," he explained. "The brunt of her success came before TMZ and Twitter. I think she's still hoping it goes back to 1998. She saw my involvement in technology as courting distraction."
The rocker also shot down reports that he's been involved sexually with men.
"The only man I've kissed is Perez Hilton. It was New Year's Eve and I decided to go out and destroy myself. I was dating Jessica at the time, and I remember seeing Perez Hilton flitting about this club and acting as though he had just invented homosexuality. All of a sudden I thought, I can outgay this guy right now," he reveled. "I grabbed him and gave him the dirtiest, tongue-iest kiss I have ever put on anybody – almost as if I hated f***. I don't think my mouth was even touching when I was tongue kissing him, that's how disgusting this kiss was. I'm a little ashamed. I think it lasted about half a minute. I really think it went on too long."
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