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Project: Iran-Contra and Arms-for-Hostages ScandalsOpen-Content project managed by mtuck
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President Reagan issues a secret presidential finding that retroactively authorizes the sale of Hawk missiles to Iran, a sale that took place a month before (see November 24-25, 1985). When Attorney General Edwin Meese conducts his November 1986 "investigation" of the Iran arms sales, the documentation of that finding will be destroyed (see November 21-25, 1986). Congress will not be told of the Hawk sales, as mandated by law. [New York Times, 11/19/1987; Dubose and Bernstein, 2006, pp. 66]
Entity Tags: Edwin Meese, Ronald Reagan
Category Tags: Iran-Contra Affair, Edwin Meese, Internal Investigation
Attorney General Edwin Meese. [Source: Doug Mills / Bettman / Corbis]Attorney General Edwin Meese undertakes an internal fact-finding investigation focused on President Reagan's involvement in the November 1985 sale of Hawk missiles to Iran (see 1985). Meese is apparently not interested in finding facts, because he refuses a request to assist from the FBI, and takes no notes during his interviews of administration officials. 'Shredding Party' - Additionally, during his investigation, National Security Council documents are altered or destroyed, including a presidential finding from December 1985 that retroactively authorized US missile sales to Iran (see November 24-25, 1985 and December 5, 1985); National Security Adviser John Poindexter will later admit to destroying this document. Lieutenant Colonel Oliver North holds what is later called a "shredding party," destroying thousands of documents that would likely implicate White House officials in a criminal conspiracy to break the law (see November 21-23, 1986). The Iran-Contra investigative committee will later fault Meese for departing from "standard investigative techniques" during his investigation. Document Linking Iran Arms Sales, Contra Supplies Survives - Meese also finds a potentially explosive document in the desk of North, the National Security Council staffer who managed the Iran arms deals. The document, an undated memorandum apparently from April 1986, outlined "a planned diversion of $12 million in proceeds from the Iran arms sales to the Nicaraguan contras" (see April 4, 1986). Meese's investigation now diverges onto two tracks, one a continuation of the Hawk shipments, and the second an investigation into who knew about, and who had approved, the diversion. Reagan Courting Impeachment? - Meese confirms from North that the $12 million had indeed been given to the Contras, and informs Reagan, Chief of Staff Donald Regan, and Vice President Bush. Reagan is reportedly shocked by the revelation, in part because he knows he could face impeachment for violating the Boland Amendment (see October 10, 1984). Meese informs the cabinet the next day. Apparently Meese does not want to know if any senior White House officials knew of the diversion, because he does not ask them about it. When Poindexter informs Meese that before December 1985, his predecessor Robert McFarlane handled the Iran arms sales "all alone" with "no documentation," Meese accepts his word. Several White House officials present at the meeting—Reagan, Regan, Bush, Poindexter, Secretary of State George Shultz, and Secretary of Defense Caspar Weinberger—all know that Poindexter is lying, but none correct him. After the meeting, Shultz tells his aide, Charles Hill: "They may lay all this off on Bud [McFarlane].… They [are] rearranging the record." Investigative counsel Lawrence Walsh will later write: "The Select Committees viewed this as an isolated error. It was not." 'Case for Deniability' for Reagan - In Walsh's opinion, Meese is not conducting an investigation at all, but instead is "building a case of deniability for his client-in-fact, President Reagan." Walsh will characterize Meese's actions as "an effort to obstruct a congressional inquiry." In 2006, authors Lou Dubose and Jake Bernstein will write, "The two strands of an illegal policy came together in that memo." The authors refer to the US arms sales to Iran and the diversion of the profits from those sales to the Contras. [New York Times, 11/19/1987; United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, 8/4/1993; PBS, 2000; Dubose and Bernstein, 2006, pp. 66]
Entity Tags: Charles Hill, Edwin Meese, Caspar Weinberger, Ronald Reagan, Robert C. McFarlane, Oliver North, Federal Bureau of Investigation, George Herbert Walker Bush, George Shultz, Jake Bernstein, Contras, Donald Regan, Lou Dubose, Lawrence E. Walsh, John Poindexter
Category Tags: Arms-for-Hostages Scandal, Iran-Contra Affair, Internal Investigation, Special Prosecutor, Caspar Weinberger, Edwin Meese, John Poindexter, Lawrence Walsh, Oliver North, Robert McFarlane, Ronald Reagan
Attorney General Edwin Meese announces the results of his internal "investigation" of US arms sales to Iran (see November 21-25, 1986). In the conference, Meese announces that President Reagan did not learn of the US shipments of Hawk anti-aircraft missiles (see 1985, November 24-25, 1985, and August 4, 1986) until February 1986. Investigators for Independent Counsel Lawrence Walsh will later conclude that Meese lied; not only did Meese never ask Reagan about his knowledge of the Hawk shipments, he ignored evidence and testimony that proved Reagan did indeed know of the shipments, such as a statement from Secretary of State George Shultz that Reagan had told him that he had known of the Hawk shipments in advance. But Meese will also, reluctantly, admit that the US had illegally diverted between $10 million and $30 million in funds from Iranian arms sales to the Nicaraguan Contras (see April 4, 1986). National Security Adviser John Poindexter immediately resigns, and Lieutenant Colonel Oliver North is fired from the National Security Council staff. [New York Times, 11/19/1987; United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, 8/4/1993; PBS, 2000]
Entity Tags: Ronald Reagan, National Security Council, Contras, Edwin Meese, George Shultz, John Poindexter, Lawrence E. Walsh, Oliver North, Office of the Independent Counsel (Iran-Contra)
Category Tags: Arms-for-Hostages Scandal, Iran-Contra Affair, Internal Investigation, Edwin Meese, George Shultz, John Poindexter, Oliver North, Ronald Reagan
President Reagan testifies for a second time to the Tower Commission (see January 26, 1987). His testimony is incoherent and confused; some observers outside the White House begin speculating that Reagan suffers from Alzheimer's disease or senile dementia. Commission investigators note that while the Meese investigation claimed Reagan did not know of the August 1985 shipment of missiles to Iran (see August 20, 1985 and November 21-25, 1986), Reagan himself claimed in his previous testimony he did know of the shipments. When asked to clarify the inconsistency, Reagan shocks onlookers by picking up a briefing memo he had been given and reading aloud, "If the question comes up at the Tower Board meeting, you might want to say that you were surprised." [PBS, 2000] White House counsel Peter Wallison is stunned. "I was horrified, just horrified," he later recalls. "I didn't expect him to go and get the paper. The purpose of it was just to recall to his mind before he goes into the meeting" what he, Wallison, and Chief of Staff Donald Regan had agreed was the proper chain of events—that Reagan had not known of the shipments beforehand, and had been surprised to learn of them. [Cannon, 1991, pp. 631-632]
Entity Tags: Peter Wallison, Tower Commission, Ronald Reagan, Donald Regan
Category Tags: Violation of US Law, Internal Investigation, Tower Commission, Edwin Meese, Ronald Reagan
Aiding the Contras
General Events
Hostage Crisis and Iranian Arms Sales
Key Figures
US Military Involvement
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Who can file my taxes?
Any individual with a preparer tax identification number (PTIN) is eligible to file your income taxes on your behalf. However, this doesn't necessarily mean they will be the best candidate to provide the help you need with your income tax preparation. The IRS explains that CPAs, attorneys and enrolled agents are all allowed to legally represent their clients before the IRS. They have a more thorough understanding of tax code than an individual operating solely with a PTIN or an Annual Filing Season Program participant who provides their services on a volunteer basis. Consider the complexity of your tax return and what level of expertise you'll require. Before entrusting someone with your private financial and personal information, do some research on their qualifications. The IRS has a searchable database where you can verify the background and credentials of your income tax preparation professional. Once you have selected someone, ask about their service fees and confirm their availability. Then provide them with all the documentation they require, including W-2s, 1099s and more. Always ask to review the paperwork before it is submitted, and never sign a blank tax return.
How much does it cost to get taxes done?
Hiring a professional to help with income tax preparation can be priceless. Pro help can mean no mistakes and a maximized tax return. The cost to get your income taxes done depends on the professional you hire. Tax attorneys or in-demand CPAs will often have the highest rates for their services. Next in the pricing tier are enrolled agents, who will usually have higher rates than individuals solely working with a preparer tax identification number (PTIN). Nationally, the average cost of income tax preparation ranges from $150 to $190. Income tax preparation prices can also vary based on where you live and the complexity of your tax returns. Here are some examples of average income tax preparation prices from an enrolled agent:
- Taxpayers filing only a W-2 tax form: $50.
- Taxpayers filing a W-2 along with additional tax forms such 1099-INT and 1098-E: $150.
- Taxpayers with several tax forms and one or two additional considerations such as a rental property, investment transactions, K-1 income, 1099-MISC or a simple small business: $225.
- Taxpayers with multiple activities (rentals, K-1 income, small business, etc.), several stock transactions and more: $395.
Nationally, the average hourly rate nationally for a tax prep professional ranges between $150 and $450.

subset: commoncrawl


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21 March 2014 at 4.33pm | Comment on this article
Two new Royal Opera commissions will have their world premiere in the Linbury Studio Theatre this April as part of A Faustian Pack, a series that explores the fascination of the Faust legend.
'Faust is the story of an educated person who makes a pact with the devil and exchanges his soul in return for unlimited knowledge,' says John Fulljames. 'This myth is so rich and complex, that it has inspired many different interpretations over history - there are more than 40 operas. A Faustian Pack is a set of projects that will re-interpret the Faust myth for today.' Find out more from John Fulljames about the lure of the Faustian legend.
Rising star Luke Bedford has collaborated with Scottish playwright David Harrower to write Through His Teeth. Directed by Bijan Sheibani, the opera explores the psychological relationship between Faust and Mephistopheles through the story of a woman seduced by a charismatic conman. Look back at the development of Through His Teeth.
In The Crackle, pioneering sound artist Matthew Herbert explores the Faustian myth in the context of a technological revolution. Incorporating new digital technologies into the music, including a data-sharing app called Chirp, he questions whether music itself can be a Faustian protagonist.
A Faustian Pack also includes David McVicar's production of Gounod's Faust on the main stage; an Insights event with prize-winning author Hilary Mantel; and a Faust-inspired performance by Street Stories. Author and poet Ruth Padel has joined rehearsals for all of the Faustian Pack operas as The Royal Opera's first Writer-in-Residence. Find out more about Ruth's role.
The Crackle runs from 5-12 April 2014. Tickets are still available.
Through His Teeth runs from 3-11 April 2014. Tickets are available. The production is staged with generous philanthropic support from The John S Cohen Foundation, the Ernst von Siemens Music Foundation, the Boltini Trust and the RVW Trust, with Research and Development generously supported by PRS for Music Foundation.
Faust runs from 4-25 April 2014. Some tickets are still available.


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The Congressional Budget Office produced a new cost estimate for extending the Children's Health Insurance Program, finding that a 10-year extension would produce net savings of $6 billion. An analysis by the CBO last week found that a five-year CHIP extension would cost $800 million, substantially less than previous estimates.
How could spending money on children's health care result in net savings in the long run? CBO says the alternatives are more expensive: "the federal costs of the alternatives to providing coverage through CHIP (primarily Medicaid, subsidized coverage in the marketplaces, and employment-based insurance) are larger than the costs of providing coverage through CHIP during that period."
The dynamics involved are complicated, and include the effects of eliminating the Obamacare individual mandate as well as reductions in the federal matching rate for CHIP that kick in over time, but the CBO's conclusion is getting attention in Congress, which has been unable to agree on how to fund the program. House Energy and Commerce Committee Chairman Greg Walden (R-OR) said he plans to bring a six-year extension of CHIP to the floor for a vote next week. "If we go to six years, it may have no cost," Walden said Thursday, referring to the CBO analysis, which shows a breakeven point at about the six-year mark (see the table here).
The extension could be attached to a short-term funding bill that must pass before January 19.


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As Sandy bears down on the East Coast, some of the biggest cities in America come to a virtual standstill.
When residents of the U.S. Northeast's largest cities wake up Monday morning, they'll have few options other than to stay put at home. Hurricane Sandy's daunting approach has led to an unprecedented preemptive response from officials to bring some of the most densely populated areas of the United States to a virtual standstill.
By 10 p.m. Sunday night, mass transit agencies in New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, and Washington, D.C. had announced that trains and buses would not operate Monday, marking the first time in U.S. history such widespread public transportation service suspensions have been announced before the serious part of a storm has even begun.
The closures don't stop with transit. School districts from Virginia to Boston have cancelled classes. The federal government in Washington is closed. The New York Stock Exchange will take a rare day off from trading after Mayor Michael Bloomberg imposed mandatory evacuation zones on parts of Lower Manhattan and Staten Island.
Those considering driving a car or even walking down the street in cities within Sandy's immediate path are being strongly encouraged to think again. Even alternative transportation options, such as D.C.'s Capital Bikeshare, will be unavailable.
We're used to hurricanes and tropical storms making landfall on the East Coast, prompting evacuations of coastal areas. Strong Atlantic storms have hit Northeast cities before, of course, notably 1999's Hurricane Floyd and 1985's Hurricane Gloria. But so far, there really does seem to be something different about Sandy. She's been called the largest tropical cyclone ever. Record, life-threatening storm surges are possible. And directly in the path of it all: dense urban populations, large portions of whom rely on public transportation, that have been substantially immobilized.
The situation could go on for days even after the storm has passed. The Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority, for example, has announced that it will not reopen until it has performed "a comprehensive damage assessment, including inspections of track, bridges, aerial structures, stations and facilities." New York's MTA has said much the same, noting that its post-storm inspection "is expected to be a lengthy process." And that's assuming any damage sustained by these systems isn't too severe.
The abundance of caution on display here can't help but raise memories of 2011's Irene, which also saw the complete preemptive shutdown of New York's MTA. Even though that storm ultimately caused $15.8 billion in mostly flood-related damages nationwide, its impact in major urban areas was relatively small.
We can only hope that the measures put in place Monday to keep residents of the U.S. East Coast's big cities at home will end up seeming similarly overzealous. In a post-Katrina world, with the documented effects of climate change promising more and more unusual storms in the future, these sorts of emergency management decisions are crucial. If the choice to shut down access to transportation to millions of people turns out to have been prudent, we'll have far bigger challenges to worry about.
Below, more images of New York's emptied rail stations, courtesy the MTA:
Aaron Donovan)
(Aaron Donovan)
(Aaron Donovan)
(Aaron Donovan)
Top image: Police make a final sweep of the Times Square subway station in New York Sunday evening. (Carlo Allegri/Reuters)


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Saint Probus of Cornwall
Married to Saint Grace of Cornwall. No other information has come down to us. During renovation of the church named for them, a male and a female skull were found interred near the site of the altar, and are believed to be relics of the couple.
- "Saint Probus of Cornwall". CatholicSaints.Info. 8 February 2017. Web. 9 April 2020. <>


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NEW YORK -- The Alliance for a Healthier Generation, a joint initiative of the American Heart Association and the William J. Clinton Foundation, collaborated with five large food manufacturers to help combat childhood obesity in America. Campbell Soup Company, Dannon, Kraft Foods, Mars and PepsiCo joined with the Alliance to establish first-ever voluntary guidelines for snacks and side items sold in schools that will provide healthier food choices for children.
The new guidelines, which were developed in conjunction with nutrition experts at the American Heart Association, will apply to foods offered for sale in schools outside of the National School Lunch Program to students before, during and after the school day. The guidelines cover foods and snacks, desserts, side items and treats sold throughout schools, including school vending machines, a la carte lines, school stores, snack carts and fundraisers. The five food manufacturers will invest in product reformulation and new product development, while encouraging broader support of the guidelines.
"Ensuring that children have healthier food choices at school is another critical step in the fight against childhood obesity," says President Clinton. "I'm proud of these five companies for making an important statement about this health challenge and an even more important commitment to doing something about it. What we are setting in motion with these guidelines will dramatically change the kind of food that children have access to at school. It will take time, but through coalitions like this of industry and the non-profit sector, we are going to make a real difference in the lives of millions of children by helping them eat healthier and live healthier."
The guidelines will provide kids with food and snack products that are lower in calories, reinforcing the nutrition lessons they learn at home and in the classroom about healthy, balanced diets. Notably, the guidelines promote the consumption of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nutrient-rich foods, fat-free and low fat dairy foods, and place limits on calories, fat, saturated fat, trans fat, sugar and sodium. These foods cover a wide range of choices, including everything from chips to chocolate, crackers to cookies, candy, ice cream, granola bars, nuts, soup and yogurt.
"Kids across America will benefit from today's agreement," says Raymond Gibbons, American Heart Association president. "Our goal is to point kids to foods that are healthier and that will contribute to a healthier lifestyle overall. By working with schools and industry to implement these guidelines, we are helping to give parents peace of mind that their kids will be able to make healthier choices at school."


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Well..about a week and a half ago some time I saw a posting on CL about a stray dog. She was an older dog..she showed up at someones place of work..they were begging for help.She was really cute. It made me sad. I ignored it. Then last week on Thursday I got an email from someone else who had worked at the same place begging for help. The boss had called animal control. Now the dog was in serious jeopardy because she has a bad knee. She was never going to make it to the adoption floor. Half an hour later I got an email from another rescue about the same dog..anything I could do? So..I contacted teh good sam that contacted me..asked a few questions and promised to call AC and see what they had to say about her. Well..I called..and they gushed. Apparently the dog is a complete doll. Not to mention adorable. However, she has a grade 3 to 4 luxated patella and she is obese. Ok..i told them let me think about it..and i sent the plea out to Karladaune. (I know who to sucker) I told her everything i knew..and she too wanted to think about it. And we both came to the same conclusion...the poor older dog needed at least a chance. By noon on Tuesday, AC had tracked down her owner..in jail. They are going to be there for awhile..so they tearfully gave verbal consent for the dog to be sent to rescue..and I went down and picked her up Thursday.
This dog is just the sweetest. she is SUCH a good girl. Even in the chaos and hubbub of the shelter she was unflappable. And when her leash was handed over to me she hopped right into my van (and right into shotgun position) for the ride home. She is super easy going. Not fond of the whole crate thing but will learn. Apparently lived with cats and a chihuahua. She may need surgery downline but right now we are putting her on supplements and getting the excess weight off of her. She also has a couple of infections being treated (ears and vaginal) Judging from her overall condition, she has probably had that bad knee for a LONG time. It doesn't slow her down, she just walks funny. this is a super dog. She really is a complete gem. I look forward to giving you guys lots of updates. Without further ado, here is Sky-Belle. Who will be Annabelle. (she could REALLY use a sponsor!!)


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The Spirit (The Detroit News, 30/6/1940)
Will Eisner, probably the godfather of American comics, was born in Brooklyn, New York in 1917, to Jewish immigrant parents. He went to school at De Witt Clinton High School in the Bronx, and his first drawings were published in the school's newspaper. He made his debut in comics in 1936, when WOW What a Magazine! published his first work, 'Harry Karry' and 'The Flame', as well as 'Hawks of the Sea' under the pen name Willis Rensie. The magazine folded, but Eisner teamed up with his friend Jerry Iger and founded the Eisner-Iger Studio.
Hawks of the Sea, Canadian edition (Le Petit Journal, 13/10/1946)
They produced a tremendous amount of comics in all genres and styles for the American, British and Australian markets, and recruited young artists such as Bob Kane, Lou Fine, and Jack Kirby. A memorable title Eisner made in this period is 'Hawk of the Seas', which originally started as 'The Flame'. The shop also created 'Sheena, Queen of the Jungle' and 'Muss em Up'. Eisner signed most of his work with Erwin Willis B. Rensie, Willis Nerr or Will Erwin at the time, and he also began his own Universal Phoenix Features syndicate.
In 1939, Will Eisner left the studio to join the Quality Comics Group, where he started out by creating comics like 'Doll Man', 'Uncle Sam', 'Wonder Man', 'Lady Luck' (with Nick Cardy) and 'Black Hawk'. By 1940, he worked on a syndicated 16-page newspaper supplement for which he created his most famous comic, 'The Spirit'.
The Spirit (27/4/1947)
This innovative strip about a masked detective soon became the most popular feature of the comics section and it was renamed The Spirit Section. Eisner's style stood out for the use of so-called "splash-pages" - one picture filling the page like a movie poster with the lettering fully integrated into the image - and his unmatched capacity for rendering atmospheres: mist, nighttime skies, fuming sewers, and the like. 'The Spirit' was featured in a daily strip from 1941 and in comic books from 1942.
In 1942, Will Eisner was drafted into the Army and served his country by producing posters, illustrations and strips like 'Private Dogtag' and 'Joe Dope' for the education and entertainment of the troops, which appeared in publications like The Flaming Bomb, Fire Power and Army Motors. When he returned, he resumed 'The Spirit' (which had been drawn by others in his absence) and started cooperations with young artists like Jules Feiffer and Wally Wood. He also launched new titles like Baseball, Kewpied, Pirate Comics and John Law Comics, but these never reached the popularity of 'The Spirit'.
Manual for M16A1 Rifle (1968)
Will Eisner founded the American Visuals Corporation, which created comics, cartoons and illustrations for educational and commercial purposes. One title Eisner revived was 'Joe Dope', a strip about a soldier he created during the war. The work for his corporation proved so lucrative, that Eisner abandoned 'The Spirit'. Dutch editor Olaf Stoop of The Real Free Press reprinted 'The Spirit' in the early 1970s and revived the interest in Eisner's work. This prompted Eisner to create 'A Contract With God' in 1978, four short stories about life in the Bronx slums in the 1930s, told with such literary agility and graphic accomplishment, that a new comics form was born: the graphic novel.
For the celebration of the 15th anniversary of comics shop Lambiek in 1983, Lambiek published a translettered Yiddish version of the lead story of 'A Contract With God', in the old germanic hebrew or Latin lettering ('An Opmakh mit Got'), which are still available.
An Opmakh mit Got (Yiddish edition, Lambiek, 1983)
Throughout the 1980s and 1990s, Kitchen Sink Press published Eisner's following graphic novels, like 'The Building', 'The Dreamer' (in which he describes his Spirit days, telling the tales of the time when comic artists were more like conveyor belt workers - obliged to work on pages with pre-printed panels) 'A Family Matter' and the semi-autobiographical 'To the Heart of the Storm'. Eisner continued to made graphic novells in the 2000s, this time published by DC.
The Block (1983)
In addition to his many graphic novels, Eisner adapted literary classics to comics at NBM, such as 'The Last Knight - An Introduction to Don Quixote', 'Moby Dick', 'The Princess and the Frog' and 'Sundiata'. His 'Fagin the Jew', published by Doubleday in 2003, gave a personal look Dickens' secondary character from 'Oliver Twist'. His last graphic novel was 'The Plot', an account of the making of the anti-semitic hoax 'The Protocols of the Elders of Zion'. It was completed shortly before his death and published in 2005.
Besides these, Eisner also started out in the field of comics theory. His 'Comics and Sequential Art' is a classic in its own right, and would later inspire Scott McCloud in the making of his monumental work, 'Understanding Comics'.
Lessons in comic art
Will Eisner can rightly be considered as the godfather of American comics, not only for adding 'The Spirit' to the long list of brilliant American comic strips, but especially for proving that comics can match literature and are not just a dubious means of entertainment for children (as many people thought in the 1950s). Eisner was a teacher at the School of Visual Arts in New York and wrote two standard works on the creative process of making comics, 'Comics and Sequential Art' and 'Graphic Storytelling'. In 1988, the Eisner Awards were established, coveted comics prizes which Eisner presided over at the yearly Comic-Con in San Diego.
Sadly, Will Eisner passed away on 3 January 2005 at the age of 87, following quadruple bypass heart surgery. He is greatly missed, but his wonderful comics and stories will live on forever. His influence can be found in the work of Alan Moore, Neil Gaiman, Frank Miller, Darwyn Cooke, Art Spiegelman, Jack Kirby (who actually worked for Eisner), Michael Chabon, Scott McCloud, Paul Levitz, Scott Shaw!, and Mike Allred.
The Spirit fansite
'A Contract with God' in Yiddish
from Lambiek Productions
Will Eisner books at Amazon


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For nine years, Bobby Nyk didn't miss a single Ravens game, home or away. That home streak is impressive enough, but it was all those away games that earned him the nickname "The Ravens Road Warrior."
It's a moniker worn proudly by the 62-year-old Baltimore native, who spent most of those nine years working for the team as a DJ outside the stadium on game days.
"I don't think anyone's been to more away games than me, except for maybe Nestor Aparicio," the retired Howard County teacher says, referring to the Baltimore radio sports personality and rabid Ravens fan. "Him, and of course the players."
Nyk ended his streak a couple of years ago, when foot surgery had him in the hospital while the Ravens were being beaten by the Steelers in the playoffs. Though he doesn't get to all the away games any longer, he has a permanent hold on his seat in section 513 of M&T Bank Stadium. There's no missing him: He's the guy wearing the Ravens helmet that doesn't have a face mask and sporting a chain of giant beads around his neck.
How did you become a fan?
When I was a little boy, I used to go to all the Baltimore Colt games with my parents. In fact, my parents went to the 1958 championship game, on a bus with George's 4100 Club down in Brooklyn.
Of course, we were all sorry to see the Colts leave, and it took a long time to get over it. But football is just an important part of my life, because I played high school and college football and also coached it when I was a teacher.
Then, when the Ravens came to town, I wasn't crazy about the way we got them, but thankful we did.
What's your experience like on game day?
I sit right between the goal posts, in the third row of the upper deck. Every time there's an extra point or a field goal on the east side of the stadium, I'm catching it. If the other side's kicking, I'm blowing as hard as I can to see if I can get the wind current going the wrong way.
Our crowds are amazing. There is no stadium — not even Seattle, which is notorious for being loud — that is louder than M&T. And our fans are knowledgeable enough to know to cheer at the right times. I've gone to Kansas City this year, and I've gone to Pittsburgh, and I'll tell you, it was embarrassing — people booing when their quarterback gets hurt. It's brutal.
Why no face mask on your Ravens helmet?
For dual purposes. First of all, for consumption purposes. And second of all, for being able to make sure that I have unimpeded access to kisses after we score. [He's single, folks.] It's also a tribute to "Loudy" Loudenslager, who was part of the Baltimore Colt experience, the guy that used to run around the stadium backward, with the Colts sign.
Your worst experience on the road? I was in Cleveland, and there's never ever a good day in Cleveland if you're a Ravens fan and dressed like one. … I was tackled from behind and broke some ribs, by some real coward that screamed, "Fumble," and tackled me. It was so heinous that even the people who witnessed it and were die-hard Browns fans were saying, "That was really cheap. Sorry about that."
Best Ravens memory? I was a disc jockey down in Tampa, at a place called Whiskey Joe's, for the Super Bowl in 2001. That was the best day of my life. There's no question about it.
What's your take on the 2012 season so far? Karma is on our side, I think. Having (Steelers quarterback Ben) Roethlisberger get hurt — they're not the same team. Would we like to beat them at full strength? Sure. But they're not. And they won't be next time we play them, either. And Willis McGahee has gone down for the Denver Broncos, which has hurt them considerably. All these little things are helping to get us to that goal at the end of the season.


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UVM Summit Addresses World Hunger, Justice and Environmental Sustainability
This year's annual UVM Food Systems Summit took a broad look at what presenters view as a worldwide crisis: one billion people undernourished, an energy-dependent food system that relies on non-renewable energy sources, a dangerous lack of biodiversity, tropical forests in Indonesia cleared for palm oil plantations, releasing carbon that contributes to climate change. Yet for keynote speaker Eric Holt-Giménez, executive director of the think tank Food First/Institute for Food and Development Policy, the political became personal in Vermont this week.
On a drive north visiting small farms, he told the capacity crowd in the Davis Center's Grand Maple Ballroom, he was charmed by the countryside and nostalgic for the farm work of his youth, until stopping to visit with workers from southern Mexico, people like the ones who taught him agroecology. People, he said, with deep cultural knowledge who, at home, would be part of a rich village life. Here, he realized, they never leave the farm, fearing deportation.
"I've never seen such solitude amongst farm workers in my life," Holt-Giménez said. "I'm impressed with Vermont, but I'm haunted by the deep cultural suffering, part of the violence of the industrial food regime."
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It was a poignant moment in his otherwise forceful indictment of corporate monopolies that have created, he said, not a broken system as many allege, but one that works exactly as a capitalist food system should, i.e., "disastrous" for most of the world.
While people lament how to feed an exponentially growing global population, Holt-Giménez argued that there's been a 12 percent rise in global food production per capita since 1990, while the undernourished population increased by nine percent. "It's not scarcity but overproduction that causes hunger," he said, displaying figures on the screen overhead that showed both record profits and record hunger in 2011, with Monsanto's profits up 45 percent, Cargill's up 86 percent and hunger reaching one billion people. "Monsanto's stock goes up as people go hungry and down as people are fed. There are tremendous windfalls for monopolies who control our food systems."
This industrial agri-foods complex has been on a campaign to saturate markets with machines and fertilizers, according to Holt-Giménez, and created a global agricultural system with 91 percent of cropland devoted to just five crops (cotton, maize, wheat, rice and soy) with a 75 percent loss in crop diversity, a system susceptible to environmental and economic shock. "With one variety — some type of pathogen, and it's all over," he says.
Holt-Giménez also blamed "free trade mania" beginning in the 1990s with cementing international treaties such as NAFTA and CAFTA into law, allowing the North to overproduce subsidized grains and dump them in the South, effectively insulating the food system from any democratic influence. The most egregious effect of rampant capitalism, he said, is "coerced" immigration. "The people cutting lawns and working in the back of the house of fancy restaurants," said Holt-Giménez, "are farmers. Tremendous market power determines who gets to eat and who gets to farm."
Given the extreme concentration of wealth over the last 10 years that has stagnated economic growth, it will take a powerful counter movement to introduce real reform, food sovereignty and local food system economies, said Holt-Giménez. "Do that Vermont thing you guys do so well," he told the crowd of farmers and academics, policy makers and student activists. "But you have to organize nationally. You have to change the rules and the institutions — that's the only way it's going to work, no matter how much compost you put on it."


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On June 27, 1844, a mob of between 100 and 200 armed men, their faces painted black to hide their identities, marched to the Carthage city jail.
A few minutes after 5 p.m. in an upstairs room in the jail, the Prophet Joseph Smith, his brother Hyrum, John Taylor and Willard Richards heard shots outside and footsteps scrambling up the stairs. The men rushed to the door to keep the assailants from entering the room.
One of the attackers shot a bullet through the door, which struck Hyrum in the face. Hyrum fell to the ground, crying, "I am a dead man!" (see "Church History in the Fulness of Times," Chapter 22).
John Taylor said that he would always remember the distraught look on Joseph's face as he saw his brother lying dead on the floor, according to "Church History in the Fulness of Times."
John Taylor rushed to the window and was shot as he attempted to leave the room. Another bullet hit his pocket watch, knocking him back inside. He was shot three more times before rolling under the bed in the room. Taylor would survive his wounds and eventually become the third president of the church.
Joseph rushed to the window and was shot as he fell from the window, crying, "Oh Lord, my God."
Willard Richards, who had been standing behind the door trying to knock the muskets away with his cane, was grazed on the ear by a bullet but was otherwise unharmed, fulfilling a prophecy by Joseph Smith (see "Church History in the Fulness of Times," Chapter 22).
The entire tragedy occurred within minutes.
Several members of the Quorum of the Twelve of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, most of them scattered throughout the United States, stated that at the exact time of the martyrdom, they felt depressed and mournful without knowing why.
Elder Heber C. Kimball wrote that he suddenly felt mournful, as though he had just lost a friend, and Elder Orson Hyde became sorrowful and tears ran down his cheeks (see "Church History in the Fulness of Times,"Chapter 23).
Elder Parley P. Pratt recorded that as he stood on a canal boat, "A strange and solemn awe came over me, as if the powers of hell were let loose. I was so overwhelmed with sorrow I could hardly speak. … This is a dark day, and the hour of triumph for the powers of darkness" (see "Church History in the Fulness of Times," Chapter 23).
Later, passengers boarded the boat and spread the news that Joseph and Hyrum had been killed. There was excitement onboard and many of the passengers taunted Elder Pratt, according to "Church History in the Fulness of Times."
Enemies of the church celebrated the deaths of Joseph and Hyrum and predicted that the church would now fail. Thomas Ford, the governor of Illinois at the time of the martyrdom, wrote, "Thus fell Joe Smith, the most successful impostor in modern times; a man who … never could succeed in establishing a system of policy which looked to permanent success in the future" (see "Joseph the Seer" by President Gordon B. Hinckley, Ensign, September 1994). Later events would prove Ford wrong.
In Nauvoo, the Saints mourned the loss of their beloved leaders. On June 28, the bodies of Joseph and Hyrum were placed in wagons and covered with tree branches to shade them from the sun. Many of the Saints lined the road as the wagons approached Nauvoo. The next day, thousands of people filed past the coffins and said their goodbyes. The city remained in a state of grief for weeks, according to "Church History in the Fulness of Times."
Following the martyrdom, John Taylor wrote, "(Joseph Smith) … lived great and died great in the eyes of God and his people … and so has his brother, Hyrum. In life they were not divided, and in death they were not separated" (see Doctrine and Covenants 135:3).
In 1903, the church bought Carthage Jail and later restored it to look as it did on that fateful day. The jail celebrates the lives of Joseph and Hyrum, and visitors can view a life-size statue that pays tribute to the martyrs.
"The martyrdom has always been an inspiration to the people of the Lord … and must ever be held in sacred memory by the Latter-day Saints who have learned the great truths that God revealed through his servant, Joseph Smith," wrote President Joseph F. Smith, sixth president of the church and son of Hyrum (see "Teachings of the Presidents of the Church: Joseph Smith," Chapter 46).
In a meeting in 1994, on the 150th anniversary of the Martyrdom, President Gordon B. Hinckley, then the first counselor in the First Presidency, visited Carthage and said, "Joseph Smith died here at Carthage Jail … but his work has grown in magnitude, strength and power, and will continue to do so … The testimonies which were sealed here in these very precincts … now nurture the faith of people around the world. God bless the memory of Joseph Smith and Hyrum Smith who died here" (see "Joseph the Seer," Ensign, September 1994).
Ben Tullis is a Deseret News intern and a freelance writer and copy editor. He graduated from Utah Valley University in April 2014 with a bachelor's degree in English. He lives in Pleasant Grove with his wife and 2-year-old son.


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Gladstone Grow Op / Michaela Macleod + Nicholas Croft / Sounding Lines
Sounding Lines is a project collaboration between Nicholas Croft and Michaela MacLeod. Nicholas Croft is an architect and artist from Seattle WA. Michaela is founder and principal of Polymétis, a Landscape Architecture and Land Art Practice studio and Adjunct Professor at the University of Waterloo.
Sounding Lines refers to the early technique of measuring bathymetry (the underwater depth of a water body) by lowering a weighted cable over a ship's side. The maximum depths of Lake Ontario, the Lake of Shining Waters" is revealed. This piece aims to engage visitors in a territory that is familiar from an unusual perspective.
GROW OP will be on public display at the Gladstone April 24 – 27, 2014
Curated by Victoria Taylor, and featuring 26 new projects, Grow Op 2014 is the Gladstone Hotel's annual alternative landscape and urban design event, celebrating innovative ideas and conceptual responses to sustainable placemaking across a broad range of creative practices.
For press and media inquiries please contact the Gladstone Hotel's Managing Director – Artistic Projects, Britt Welter-Nolan


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Property deeds are used to convey real property from a grantor (seller) to a grantee (buyer). For a deed to be legally operative, it must include the identification of the grantor and grantee, and the adequate description of the property.
More specifically, deeds fall in a number of categories, including warranty, quitclaim, and special purpose. This article will define what deeds are, what needs to be included in a deed to make it legally operative and the different types of deeds that are used in the transfer of real property.
What Are Property Deeds?
A property deed is a written and signed legal instrument that is used to transfer ownership of real property from the old owner (the grantor) to the new owner (the grantee). Historically, real property was transferred through a ceremonial act known as "livery of seisin." In this act, the person transferring the land handed a twig or clod of turf from the land to the person taking delivery of the land. A verbal or written statement often accompanied the gesture, though it was the livery of seisin that legally transferred the title to the property. Today, title to real property is conveyed by a paper deed.
Essential Deed Elements
While each state has its own requirements, most deeds must contain several essential elements to be legally valid:
- It must be in writing. While most deeds are completed on printed forms, there is no legal requirement that any specific form be used as long as the essential elements are included.
- The grantor must have legal capacity to transfer the property and the grantee must be capable of receiving the grant of the property. A person who is competent to make a valid contract is considered competent to be a grantor.
- The grantor and grantee must be identified in such a way as to be ascertainable.
- The property must be adequately described.
- Operative words of conveyance must be present. All standard form deeds include the necessary legal language that actually transfers the property.
- The deed must be signed by the grantor or grantors if the property is owned by more than one person.
- The deed must be legally delivered to the grantee or to someone acting on the grantee's behalf.
- The deed must be accepted by the grantee. Typically, deeds are accepted by the grantee but in certain circumstances, the grantee could reject delivery of the deed.
Understanding Property Deeds
Types of Deeds
Deeds can be classified in numerous ways. Broadly, deeds are classified as official or private. Official deeds are executed pursuant to court or legal proceedings. Most property transactions, however, involve individuals and business entities using private deeds.
Deeds are also categorized based on the type of title warranties provided by the grantor. The different types of deeds include:
General Warranty Deed
The general warranty deed offers the grantee the most protection. With this type of deed, the grantor makes a series of legally binding promises (called covenants) and warranties to the grantee (and their heirs) agreeing to protect the grantee against any prior claims and demands of all persons whomsoever in regards to the conveyed land. The usual covenants for title included in a general warranty deed are:
- the covenant of seisin, meaning that the grantor warrants they own the property and has the legal right to convey it
- the covenant against encumbrances, denoting that the grantor warrants that the property is free of liens or encumbrances, except as specifically stated in the deed
- the covenant of quiet enjoyment, indicating that the grantee will have quiet possession of the property and will not be disturbed because the grantor had a defective title
- the covenant of further assurance, where the grantor promises to deliver any document necessary to make the title good
Special Warranty Deed
Where in a general warranty deed the grantor promises to warrant and defend the title conveyed against the claims of all persons, the grantor of a special warranty deed warrants that they received the title to the property and that they have not done anything while holding the title to create a defect.
In other words, only defects that arose during the grantor's ownership of the property are warranted. Due to this limitation, the special warranty offers the grantee less protection than the general warranty deed. Many purchasers of real estate will insist on a general warranty deed to protect against problems that could arise as a result of a special warranty deed.
Quitclaim Deed
The quitclaim deed, also called a non-warranty deed, offers the grantee the least amount of protection. This type of deed conveys whatever interest the grantor currently has in the property, if any. No warranties or promises regarding the quality of the title are made. If the grantor has a good title, the quitclaim deed is essentially as effective as a general warranty deed. However, if the title contains a defect, the grantee has no legal recourse against the grantor under the deed. A quitclaim deed is often used if the grantor is not sure of the status of the title (if it contains any defects) or if the grantor wants no liability under the title covenants.
Special Purpose Deeds
Special purpose deeds are frequently used in connection with court proceedings and instances where the deed is from a person acting in some type of official capacity. Most special purpose deeds offer little to no protection to the grantee and are essentially quitclaim deeds. Types of special purpose deeds include but are not limited to:
- Administrator's Deed: This may be used when a person dies intestate (without a will). A court appointed administrator will dispose of the decedent's assets and an administrator's deed may be used to convey the title of real property to the grantee.
- Executor's Deed: This may be used when a person dies testate (with a will). The estate's executor will dispose of the decedent's assets and an executor's deed may be used to convey the title or real property to the grantee.
- Sheriff's Deed: This is given to the successful bidder at an execution sale held to satisfy a judgment that has been obtained against the owner of the property. The grantee receives whatever title the judgment debtor has.
- Tax Deed: This is issued when a property is sold for delinquent taxes.
- Deed in Lieu of Foreclosure: This is given by a borrower who is in default on a mortgage directly to the lender. This serves to prevent foreclosure proceedings, and if the lender accepts the deed in lieu of foreclosure, the loan is terminated. Many lenders prefer to foreclose in order to clean up the title.
- Deed of Gift (Gift Deed). This is used to convey the title on real property that is given for no consideration or for only a token consideration. In some states, the gift deed must be recorded within two years or it becomes void.
The Bottom Line
The transfer of a property's title is made by a deed. Certain essential elements must be contained within the deed in order for it to be legally operative. Different deeds provide various levels of protection to the grantee and the obligations of a grantor are determined by the form of the deed. Since deeds are important legal documents that affect ownership interests and rights, a qualified real estate attorney should be consulted in any transaction involving them, such as the closing of a home purchase.


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The individual owning this blog works for Oracle in Germany. The opinions expressed here are his own, are not necessarily reviewed in advance by anyone but the individual author, and neither Oracle nor any other party necessarily agrees with them.
Entries tagged as analysts
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Oh no ... not this layoff stuff again.
Tuesday, April 3. 2007
Tuesday, April 11. 2006
The LKSF book
The book with the consolidated Less known Solaris Tutorials is available for download here
Web 2.0
Mon, 01.05.2017 11:21
Thank you for many interesting blog posts. Good luck with al l new endeavours!
Mon, 01.05.2017 08:58
Good luck
Fri, 28.04.2017 13:47
At least with ZFS this isn't c orrect. A rmdir for example do esn't trigger a zil_commit, as long as you don't speci [...]
Thu, 27.04.2017 22:31
You say: "The following dat a modifying procedures are syn chronous: WRITE (with stable f lag set to FILE_SYNC), C [...]


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Motorola is being accused of a "relentless campaign to preserve its huge market share," which has been aided by public officials.
At the eastern end of the San Francisco Bay Area, Sheriff Warren Rupf of Contra Costa County and cigar-chomping Sheriff Charlie Plummer of neighboring Alameda County were political powerhouses seemingly locked in an endless duel of one-upmanship.
When Rupf set up a marine patrol, Plummer started buying boats. They echoed each other with helicopters, SWAT teams, and on it went.
But in 2005, amid a federal push to avoid another communications nightmare like the one blamed for the Sept. 11, 2001, deaths of 125 New York firefighters at the collapsed World Trade Center, Rupf and Plummer joined forces. They set their sights on a new digital two-way radio system so that all of their first responders could talk to each other.
There was, however, a catch.
A notice circulated by Alameda County to gauge vendors' interest in the project said that the first $5.7 million phase must include a master controller made by Motorola Inc., and the equipment must connect with the county's aged, proprietary Motorola SmartNet II system.
In other words, "it was already a done deal. … Nobody else could make their equipment compatible with soon-to-be-obsolete Motorola equipment" — nobody except Motorola, said Steve Overacker, who was Contra Costa County's telecommunications manager at the time.
Any appearance that there would be a fair, competitive bidding process "was a ruse," he said in a phone interview.
Alleged Misrepresentations Helped Motorola get a $50 Million Federal Grant
By Greg Gordon and Lydia Mulvany
As a Motorola saleswoman from 2004 to 2006, Laura Phillips coached local officials on how to secure state and federal grant money to pay for new public safety radio equipment.
Later, Phillips used her knowledge in a much different way.
When she was put at the helm of a government agency overseeing funding for emergency communication projects in the San Francisco Bay Area, her office shepherded an unusual federal grant that handed her former employer a $50 million deal to build the nation's first regional high-speed broadband network for emergency responders.
The episode shines light on what might be called a reverse revolving door: Instead of leaving government for private industry or lobbying jobs, numerous employees of Motorola and its rivals have quit their private-sector jobs for government positions in which they've taken actions benefiting their ex-employers.
In Phillips' case, critics charged that her office pursued the grant without the knowledge of some of the six affected major cities and counties, and that Motorola competitors got little shot at the deal. Phillips denied favoring Motorola, but her maneuverings sowed so much distrust that she wound up in the crosshairs of a federal investigation.
Investigators for the Commerce Department's inspector general's office ultimately concluded that Phillips' office rammed through a grant application that was rife with "significant misrepresentations," including that a joint authority for 10 Bay Area counties existed a year before its first meeting.
Phillips wasn't found to have engaged in misconduct, but the project is now dead.
Chalk up another contract win for the Schaumburg, Ill.-based Goliath of the public safety communications industry, a company that for decades has ruled a market financed entirely by taxpayers and now totaling billions of dollars a year. For Motorola Solutions Inc., as it has been known since 2011, the value of this California contract would snowball toward $100 million.
Such outcomes have come to be expected for the company that has long led the way in two-way radio technology, even as the nation went on a post-9/11 spending binge on emergency communication. However, a seven-month McClatchy investigation found that, in one region after another, city, county and state officials also have favored Motorola, helping the firm secure an estimated 80 percent of all the emergency telecommunications business in America.
From the nation's capital to the Pacific Coast, government officials have handed the company noncompetitive contracts, used modifications of years-old contracts to acquire new systems or crafted bid specifications to Motorola's advantage. These officials, perhaps without recognizing their collective role, have helped stunt the very competition that's needed to hold down prices and assure the most efficient use of government dollars.
The company's contract wins have been clouded by irregularities or allegations of government favoritism in Chicago, Dallas, the San Francisco Bay Area and on statewide systems in Illinois, Iowa, Kansas and Washington, to name a few. Losing bidders often have been left chafing with the belief that they weren't playing on a level field.
Kansas officials bypassed state competitive bidding requirements in 2005 with an unusual modification of a 1991 contract with Motorola — one providing for a new, $50 million digital system. State officials defended their action by arguing that competitive bids were taken on the original system 14 years earlier.
In Chicago, Motorola's backyard, city officials justified a noncompetitive, $23 million contract on grounds it would protect a $2 million investment in proprietary Motorola equipment, when the equipment's actual value was $350,000, the city's inspector general found.
In Dallas, where Motorola has won a contract for a new digital network, the company has been snarled in controversy twice in recent years over the way it's met city requirements for use of minority subcontractors, because most of the money flowed back to Motorola. City officials declined to release the contract documents, forwarding a Justice Department letter stating that to do so would interfere with an FBI investigation into possible "public corruption, tax evasion and money laundering."
Between 2009 and 2011, the state of Iowa issued five solicitations for radio bid prices that each favored Motorola, one requiring that two knobs on the radios be exactly 19 millimeters apart — a parameter fitting only a Motorola radio, The Des Moines Register first reported.
Michael Miller, whose Marshalltown, Iowa, radio dealership represents competing companies, said he concluded that "somebody wants Motorola to win it."
In a weakly policed but humongous patchwork of as many as 20,000 city, county, state and federal two-way radio networks, governments have paid as much as $7,500 apiece for Motorola models, when some competitors offered products meeting the same specifications for a fraction of its prices. In Europe, albeit with a lower-power network that requires more costly towers and infrastructure, police radios serving the same functions sell for $500 to $700.
"While our public safety people do an extraordinary job in protecting the public, I am not impressed with the choices they've made relative to technology," said veteran Democratic Rep. Anna Eshoo of California, who represents part of Silicon Valley and has for years monitored Motorola's dominance with chagrin.
In a phone interview, she called radio prices of $5,000 and above "ludicrous."
Motorola Solutions declined to make its chief executive, Gregory Brown, available for an interview or to respond to detailed questions submitted by McClatchy.
Instead, Motorola issued a statement saying that it has developed "state-of-the-art technology to support the challenging and demanding missions of public safety" for more than 80 years.
"Customers choose Motorola because we have remained committed to serving these dedicated professionals by closely listening to them and responding with innovative solutions that meet their needs," it said.
Ever since the Sept. 11 commission recommended in 2004 that the nation's public safety community adopt measures to improve "interoperability" — a buzzword meaning that all radios must interact, no matter their manufacturer — the nation has spent tens of billions of dollars toward that end.
Nearly a decade later, radio connections have improved — New York's networks, for example, performed well after Hurricane Sandy in 2012. But the U.S. Department of Homeland Security says there are still too many weak signals and agencies still use too many fragmented frequencies. The push to resolve such issues with competitively priced upgrades has moved at a snail's pace.
McClatchy's investigation found that:
Motorola's rugged two-way radios, able to survive a dropped bowling ball or submersion in a tank of water, have for decades set the standard for performance in the emergency communications market. "You'll never get fired for buying Motorola," goes the saying.
The company usually has held a technological edge over competitors, even if its digital radios were plagued by some of the same failures as its rivals' in recent years — glitches blamed for contributing to the deaths of at least five firefighters nationwide.
Motorola's relentless campaign to preserve its huge market share, aided by public officials, has not been without consequences for the nation. With competition stifled, industry officials say such high prices have almost assuredly saddled taxpayers with hundreds of millions, and perhaps more, in added costs.
In addition, the company's long-standing marketing of proprietary features in its systems has clashed head-on with the national goal of interoperability. It got so bad that fire commanders in some cities carried multiple radios to multi-alarm blazes to ensure they could talk with every unit dispatched to the scene.
Kansas Gives Motorola $50 Million Contract, Based on Bids from 1991
By Greg Gordon and Deb Gruver
Without inviting competitive bids, Kansas officials awarded Motorola a $50 million deal to build a new statewide emergency radio network by crafting it as an amendment to a contract signed 14 years earlier.
State law requires competitive bidding on major contracts, but officials at the Kansas Department of Transportation used an exemption to bypass that mandate.
The 2005 decision handed a big score to Illinois-based Motorola Inc., whose public safety communications arm was spun off as Motorola Solutions in 2011, and enabled the company to prolong its supremacy over Kansas' emergency two-way radio market.
State officials have agreed to extend or modify the 1991 contract at least a dozen times without competitive bidding, including a separate amendment that permitted upgrades to newer Motorola radios.
John Powell, a former chairman of a National Public Safety Telecommunications Council panel on the subject, said that even today "we've got these systems going in with federal grant dollars that are really being a detriment to interoperability," because they don't comply with Homeland Security guidelines dating to 2006 that require recipients to buy radios that meet uniform design standards.
Powell criticized federal agencies for failing to put enough "teeth in those grant guidance documents" to ensure against proprietary features, such as Motorola's encryption. He said that federal agency watchdogs have performed few compliance audits of state and local agencies.
To examine Motorola's dominance and the resulting effects, McClatchy reviewed thousands of pages of public records and conducted more than 100 interviews with officials from contracting offices, information technology units, police and fire departments, standards-setting agencies, as well as lobbyists and politicians.
In addition, McClatchy surveyed nearly 60 police, fire and sheriff's departments in the nation's 20 largest cities. Only San Antonio and the New York Police Department have bought large radio systems from a vendor other than Motorola over the last decade. In nine of the cities, Motorola won noncompetitive contracts, though some local and state governments have begun offering their agencies a choice of radios from multiple qualifying vendors.
Statewide systems have traditionally served highway patrols and other state agencies, but amid the push for interoperability, many states are courting cities and counties to join. In that lucrative market, Motorola's largest competitor, Florida-based Harris Corp., and companies it acquired have constructed five statewide systems. The smaller EF Johnson Technologies Inc., based outside of Fort Worth, Texas, has assembled one. Motorola has apparently built all of the others.
It is rare that a single company wields such power over a multibillion-dollar industry, especially one financed solely by taxpayers.
"Motorola is, in practical terms, a monopoly, and they control the market for the purpose of keeping the pricing very high," said Jose Martin, president of Power Trunk, a subsidiary of a Spanish firm, Teltronic, which is trying to break into the U.S. public safety radio market.
Motorola stressed in its statement that it was "an early participant" in the 25-year-old industry-government effort to develop design standards, known as Project 25, or P25, that are supposed to open competition to all comers.
Martin, however, has a quite different view. He contended that Motorola pushed for P25 standards so that the United States wouldn't fall under Europe's similar uniform manufacturing standard for emergency radios, known as Terrestrial Trunked Radio, or TETRA, which Motorola was a leader in drafting in the early 1990s.
As a result, Martin said, "U.S. taxpayers are being exfoliated."
In a 2011 report, Congress' investigative arm, the Government Accountability Office, warned that government agencies may be overpaying for radios because they "lack buying power in relationship to device manufacturers."
California Rep. Eshoo said that Motorola's grip on the radio market was a big reason behind her decision to co-author legislation enacted two years ago that allotted $7 billion for a nationwide, next-generation emergency data-delivery network that she believes will invigorate competition.
If that so-called "broadband" network someday reliably transmits voice communications, it would represent a huge threat to Motorola Solutions' radio franchise, pitting the company against much bigger broadband giants such as Verizon and AT&T.
Motorola apparently has pushed back hard enough against the Commerce Department's new unit, known as FirstNet, which is overseeing the new network, to draw a public scolding from Senate Commerce Committee Chairman Jay Rockefeller, D-W.Va. Rockefeller lamented published reports that the company has secretly lobbied against the new network. Motorola insists that it supports the broadband network.
As the pioneer of two-way radios, Motorola is a proud company that portrays itself as a champion of a special class of 4 million Americans willing to risk their lives whenever they don their uniforms.
Admirers say that no company can match Motorola's investment in producing radio products that first responders can trust while ducking gunfire or in the intense heat of a multi-alarm fire.
It was Motorola that invented the first police radio in 1930 and the first walkie-talkie during World War II. It was Motorola that first identified the potential of the public safety communications market. By the 1980s, Soviet Premier Mikhail Gorbachev's huddle of security guards toted Motorola radios.
Motorola representatives play active roles in communities, sit on the boards of public safety nonprofits and answer questions about radio systems at government meetings.
The company has maintained a huge reservoir of support among emergency employees across the country, undiminished by the radio failures of Sept. 11, 2001, and more recent allegations that it marketed flawed digital radios.
After terrorists flew airliners into the World Trade Center, New York firefighters raced to the burning twin towers carrying the same Motorola Saber I radios that had failed them following an al-Qaida bombing of the Trade Center eight years earlier, according to "Radio Silence F.D.N.Y: The Betrayal of New York's Bravest," a book co-authored by John Joyce, a New York Fire Department battalion commander.
Firefighters in the Trade Center's north tower never heard an evacuation order from the lobby because the radios didn't function well in the brick-and-steel stairways, Joyce and co-author Bill Bowen wrote. New digital-capable radios that Motorola had recently sold the fire department lay in a warehouse, because they hadn't worked properly.
Motorola executives responded with their own form of triage.
Within hours of the planes hitting the twin towers and the Pentagon outside Washington, the company sent eastward 13 semi-trailer trucks packed with radios, extra batteries, charging stations, base stations, motor generator units — anything first responders might need to communicate during the search for survivors.
The New York Fire Department still uses Motorola radios.
More recently, Motorola's digital handsets and those of its competitors have sometimes dropped calls during peak use or failed to penetrate brick or steel walls.
During the recent Navy Yard shootings in the nation's capital, digital handsets made by Motorola's former rival MA/Com couldn't penetrate the thick walls, complicating rescue efforts. Failures of Motorola handsets in recent years were blamed in part for two firefighter deaths in Philadelphia, two in Cincinnati and one in Prince William County, Va. The radios' flaws produced enough anxiety to prompt the launch of a watchdog Internet site, where firefighters anonymously reported hundreds of "near misses."
The problems have diminished with improvements to the radios' microphones and signals. Nonetheless, Jeff Caynon, the president of Houston's firefighters' union, said problems continue. The city's new $132 million Motorola system forced rescuers to resort to using "hand and arm signals and cellphones as a reliable way to communicate" during a blaze in May 2013.
Montgomery County, Pa., which stretches across Philadelphia's western suburbs, offers a sobering example of the skyrocketing cost of emergency radios.
In 1996, the county bought a conventional radio system for less than $5 million. The cost of last year's contract for a new digital system was $40 million over its 10-year life.
One former senior Motorola executive, who declined to be identified to avoid harming relationships, said that everybody knows that a cellphone costing a few hundred dollars is far more powerful than today's two-way emergency radios. He said that public safety agencies shouldn't be paying more than $800 for a "ruggedized cellphone."
Soaring radio costs also can be attributed to two other factors.
First, the Federal Communications Commission, in attempting to maximize use of the crowded federal wireless spectrum, has twice set deadlines for cutting by half the bandwidth of some public safety radio frequencies, forcing costly equipment changes.
Second, unlike Europe's TETRA standard that was issued in 1995, the United States' parallel P25 process took about two decades to begin having serious impact as radio costs soared.
In 2010, FCC Chairman Julius Genachowski called the delays "almost without parallel in the standards environment."
While Motorola representatives sat on the joint industry-government P25 panels, the company and some of its rivals peddled proprietary features to lock in future sales.
Motorola competitors also have learned that many local agencies will choose Motorola over cheaper radios that appear to pass all tests.
Karthik Rangarajan, marketing vice president for longtime rival EF Johnson, said that more often than not, a city or county's request for radio bids lands on his desk with the exact specifications for a Motorola product.
In cash-strapped Randolph County, N.C., EF Johnson bid $150,000 lower on a contract in 2011 with a package that included 200 more radios, but Motorola got the contract.
Rangarajan said there was a tipoff: Fire department officials forgot to remove the name "Motorola" from the specifications.
©2014 McClatchy Washington Bureau


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The lightweight Portable BBQ Grill is a must have for outdoor festivities. The carrying case is made out of Jacquard and 600D polyester with carrying handles and adjustable shoulder straps.
Picnic & Beyond will warranty its products to be free of any defects in workmanship and materials during its normal life span. Warranty does not apply to any misuse or neglect in usage and caring for the merchandise, as well as reasonable wear and tear. Please contact Picnic & Beyond with any question or concern at 1-800-856-8819. Visit here to view all of Picnic and Beyond Products
Picnic-Basket.com has several delivery options for you to choose from; Ground Delivery, Overnight Delivery, 2nd Day, or 3 Day Select. During "Check Out" simply choose the shipping method that best suits your needs. Delivery time depends on which shipping option you choose. Ground orders take anywhere from 1 to 3 days to leave our warehouse and then, depending on where you live, an additional 1 - 5 days to arrive. If you choose either the Overnight, 2nd Day or 3 Day Select shipping option and it is before 12pm (eastern time zone) then your order will ship the out same day from our warehouse. If it is past 12pm eastern, your order will ship out the next day.
By getting on the waiting list you areguaranteed this price when they are back in stock.


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Over the Christmas break I decided that I'd had enough of hard coding theme functions to add attributes to specific menu items in Drupal, so I finally took the time to write a module that would do the heavy lifting. The outcome is the Menu Attributes module.
All the module does is give you the ability to add attributes to the menu item <a> elements, but this has been something I've wanted in Drupal for a long time now.
The main reason I wrote the module was to add the rel="nofollow" attribute to certain menu items (learn why you should be using nofollow to direct PageRank to high value pages), but it made sense to allow users to set other valid attributes as well. So far I have included the Id, Name, Target, Rel, Class, Style, and Accesskey attributes which can be added to any menu item. If you think other attributes would be useful, let me know I'm happy to consider including them.
In the next couple of weeks or so I'll be releasing an update to include an admin page so that you can choose which attributes are available on the menu form so as not to overcrowd the form with items that you'll never use.
It's worth noting that the actual attributes are stored in the menu_links table in the options field of the menu item itself so no new databases are needed and no additional processing done when building the menu. The one drawback of this is that there is no way to mass reset the attributes you've set using the module, because it is stored alongside other attributes that are set by other modules.
If you've got any other uses or feedback for the module, I'd love to hear them in the comments.


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Pronounced: gee-yan bah-ray sin-droam
Guillain-Barré syndrome is a rare condition that causes the immune system to attack the nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord. It is characterized by numbness, tingling, weakness, or paralysis in the legs, arms, breathing muscles, and face. It can affect all ages.
Copyright © Nucleus Medical Media, Inc.
The exact cause of Guillain-Barré syndrome is unknown. However in about three-fourths of people, a recent infection or surgery triggers an autoimmune response. This autoimmune response attacks the peripheral nerves, leading to weakness and a loss of sensation.
Guillain-Barré syndrome is more common in men, and in the those aged 15-35 years and 60-75 years old. Other factors that increase your chance of Guillain-Barré syndrome may include:
The first symptoms of Guillain-Barré syndrome include:
Symptoms may develop over a period of hours, days, or weeks. They will vary in severity from minimal to total paralysis including respiratory weakness. The symptoms progress and worsen. Most people experience the greatest weakness during the second or third week.
Related complications include:
Most people fully recover, but others may have residual symptoms, or permanent or disabling problems.
You will be asked ask about your symptoms and medical history. A physical exam will be done.
Tests may include:
Treatment aims to reduce the body's autoimmune response and decrease complications that result from immobility. Hospitalization is important because symptoms may rapidly become more severe, including respiratory failure, heart arrhythmias, and blood pressure instability.
Common treatments include:
During plasmapheresis, blood is removed from your body and passed through a machine that separates blood cells. The separated cells are then returned to your body with new plasma. This procedure may help shorten the course and severity of Guillain-Barré syndrome.
IV infusion with immunoglobulin (IVIg) may help reduce the severity of a Guillain-Barré attack. Immunoglobulins are proteins that are naturally produced by the body's immune system.
In some cases, muscles necessary for breathing become paralyzed. This is treated with immediate emergency support from a mechanical ventilator.
Your doctor may advise
There are no current guidelines to prevent Guillain-Barré syndrome.
Guillain-Barré Syndrome Foundation International
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
Canadian Institute for Health Information
Health Canada
Guillain-Barre syndrome. EBSCO DynaMed Plus website. Available at: Available at:http://www.dynamed.com/topics/dmp~AN~T116758/Guillain-Barre-syndrome. Updated April 28, 2017. Accessed February 14, 2018.
Vucic S, Kiernan MC, Cornblath DR. Guillain-Barre: an update. J Clinical Neuroscience. 2009;16(6):733-741.
Last reviewed March 2018 by EBSCO Medical Review Board Rimas Lukas, MD Last Updated: 5/7/2014


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2 new charter schools open Tuesday
5 charter schools operating in Maine
It was the first day of school for many schools in Maine on Tuesday, including two of the newest charter schools.
Fiddlehead Art & Science Center in Gray and Harpswell Coastal Academy opened their doors. Both schools are paid for by fundraising and grants, but are free to students.
Fiddlehead used to be a private pre-K and kindergarten. Now it's opening its doors to 46 new students, ages 4 to 7.
"We're doing everything we can to keep those numbers nice and low and sweet and simple," said Jacinda Cotton-Castro of Fiddlehead.
Without tuition fees, the schools are getting creative by fundraising and applying for grants to keep class sizes small.
"It's a very tight budget so we have to monitor it and be on top of it and be fiscally responsible with it, and we will do that," Cotton-Castro said. "It's a startup. It's a real startup and it's pretty exciting."
At Harpswell Coastal Academy, the school is teaching 60 sixth- and ninth-graders they don't have to have a structured class environment to learn.
"Our goal is to make public school work for as many kids as possible," said John D'Anieri of Harpswell Coastal Academy.
D'Anieri said the school didn't rely on large grants or federal money. The school is leasing a building from the town and might stay there as it continues to expand.
"We plan to do additional fundraising for many of the things traditional schools can count on like buses and buildings," D'Anieri said. "We don't have those. We have to get them."
Both schools plan on adding students, officials said. Fiddlehead wants to become pre-K to fifth grade. Harpswell hopes to teach students in sixth through 12th grade.
"A small school works differently, our teachers work differently" D'Anieri said. "We couldn't do things exactly the same way a large school does, but because we have the freedom to innovate, we think we can make very small schools financially sustainable for communities."
"Now there's another choice for families," Cotton-Castro said. "If the traditional model doesn't fit them, they have another choice in the area and that's Fiddlehead school."
Both schools work on a lottery basis. If they have too many students apply, they draw the names of the students who will attend. This year, Fiddlehead had 103 students apply and 46 were accepted.
Officials said they expect that to happen again in the future.
Nearly 400 students will be attending five charter schools in Maine this fall. The other schools are Baxter Academy for Technology and Science in Portland, Cornville Regional Charter School and the Maine Academy of Natural Sciences in Fairfield. Charter schools operate independently from local school districts.


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From The Editor
By Carol Berkin
Every teacher knows that a novel can sometimes convey the mood and spirit of a historical era or event more powerfully than a textbook. And every teacher also knows that some novels have even made history. These are books that every student ought to read. In this issue, History Now focuses on six "books that changed history," placing each one in its historical context and suggesting why it remains relevant today. You are likely to be familiar with most of these books—perhaps one of them is your favorite novel. We hope you will enjoy what our scholars have to say about the authors, the characters, and the historical moment that these books capture on every page.
In "The Scarlet Letter and Nathaniel Hawthorne's America," Brenda Wineapple examines the enduring popularity of a book that is in many ways alien in its pacing and its language to modern sensibilities. Yet students quickly get caught up in this tale of love and secrets and an extraordinary woman's honor as Hawthorne makes a distant past come alive. In "Uncle Tom's Cabin and the Matter of Influence," Hollis Robbins helps us understand why a book that is not a literary masterpiece can nevertheless have enduring importance in our national consciousness. While Harriet Beecher Stowe's account of slavery may not have started a civil war, it certainly brought into sharp relief the sectional differences between North and South. We can learn much about attitudes of the day by examining the reasons why some 'cussed' and some praised this tale of cruelty, devotion, and the enduring human desire for freedom. In "Rethinking Huck" Steven Mintz suggests why generations of young people—and older ones as well—love to travel the Mississippi with Huckleberry Finn. Not only does Mark Twain create a brilliant portrait of American society in the pre Civil War era, he gives us a pair of unlikely heroes whose adventures are, as Mintz notes, the first in a long line of "buddy stories." If the book is laced with humor it is also a serious critique of racism and it reminds us how difficult the path to self-discovery can be. Perhaps the most famous expose of corruption and abuse of the public's trust is Upton Sinclair's The Jungle. In "The Jungle and the Progressive Era" Robert Cherny takes a close look at the muckraking journalism of the Progressive era and at the conditions in factories, government, and cities that prompted reformers like Sinclair to expose the many pressing social problems to the public. Cherny points out how difficult it was for Sinclair to find a publisher for his story of an immigrant family whose hopes and dreams are dashed by the realities of industrializing America. In "F.Scott Fitzgerald and the Age of Excess" Joshua Zeitz analyzes the book that best captured the highs—and lows—of the 'roaring twenties.' In The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald central character embodies both the ambition, the excesses, and the superficiality of the era; in his essay, Zeitz explains the rapid growth and underlying weaknesses of the era as well as its abrupt end in the Great Depression. Finally, Timothy Aubry examines a book that every teenager has probably read and identified with: J.D. Salinger's story of Holden Caulfield's odyssey in search of an authentic self. In "The Catcher in the Rye: The Voice of Alienation," Aubry explains the lasting appeal of this classic tale of a sensitive misfit who refuses to grow up in a world whose values he rejects. Aubry carefully places Holden Caulfield's private rebellion in the context of America in the 1950s, an age of optimism and anxiety, and an era of contradictions.
As always, our master teachers have provided innovative and thought provoking lesson plans for elementary, middle school and high school level students and our archivist Mary-Jo Kline has compiled a long list of additional resources for you. Our interactive feature provides a striking visual exploration of antebellum America through illustrations of Harriet Beecher Stowe's novel.
We hope this issue will prompt you to pack one or two—or all—of these great books in you suitcase wherever you are headed for your summer vacation!
Carol Berkin
Editor, History Now
Carol Berkin is Presidential Professor of History at Baruch College and The Graduate Center, City University of New York. She is the author of several books including Jonathan Sewall: Odyssey of an American Conservative, First Generations: Women in Colonial America, A Brilliant Solution: Inventing the American Constitution, and Revolutionary Mothers: Women in the Struggle for America's Independence.


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In this morning's Wall Street Journal, Doug Schoen reports on the results of a poll he conducted of Occupy Wall Street protesters. Here is the nut graph:
What binds a large majority of the protesters together—regardless of age, socioeconomic status or education—is a deep commitment to left-wing policies: opposition to free-market capitalism and support for radical redistribution of wealth…
At Capital New York, Azi Paybarah has obtained the full poll results, and Schoen appears to have grossly misrepresented the results of his poll. He writes that a "large majority" are bound together by support for a "radical redistribution of wealth." But when he asked the protesters what they'd like the Occupy Wall Street movement to achieve, just 4 percent said "radical redistribution of wealth," which tied for last on the list of answers given. There is no mention of "radical redistribution of wealth" anywhere else in the poll.
Meanwhile, 35 percent said they would like to "influence the Democratic Party," Here are the full results of that question:
Similarly, while Schoen writes that a "large majority" express "opposition to free-market capitalism," when asked what frustrates them most about the U.S. political process, only 3 percent named "our democratic/capitalist system." Out of 198 respondents, that amounts to five or six people, which is quite the opposite of a large majority. Here are the full results for that question:
Schoen also writes that "[s]ixty-five percent say that government has a moral responsibility to guarantee all citizens access to affordable health care, a college education, and a secure retirement—no matter the cost." But the actual question makes no mention of costs.
Schoen, who bills himself as a Democrat but has effusively praised the Tea Party and advised Obama not to run for a second term, was determined to paint the Occupy Wall Street protesters as politically toxic. As a result, he grossly misrepresented the results of his poll to Wall Street Journals readers.
You can write to the WSJ editorial page and request a correction HERE.


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A supernumerary nipple is the aborted beginning of an additional nipple along the mid-clavicular line of the thorax. The hyperpigmented macule may have features more or less descriptive of a fully formed nipple, and occur a couple centimeters below the usually placed nipple. They are most often singular, and unilateral.
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