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text: What do the proposed franking changes really mean for Australian equity investing? 1 April 2019 Will Baylis AustraliaESG Share this article: Whatever the political outcome and potential changes to policy, our focus will continue to be on companies that manage their capital efficiently, to create long-term returns for shareholders. An interesting theme that emerged during the recent Australian reporting season has been the growing impact of political uncertainty on corporate behaviour. In particular, the expected Federal election in May has driven companies to dramatically change their short-term capital-management strategies. Below we discuss what has happened, and some of the implications for the Australian equity market. Potential rule changes prompt company action It's likely that a Labor win at the next election would bring changes to Australia's imputation system. Labor has proposed to end cash refunds for excess franking credits to zero tax payers, typically self-funded retiree super funds (SMSFs) which have received the cash value of franking credits. Companies have been proactive as a result to ensure the economic value of their franking balances will not get lost to their shareholders by a potential rule change. Many companies across the market announced special dividends in their results, and bumped up their short-term payout ratios for the period leading up to the election. As part of their results, we saw a noticeable increase in payment ratios, in particular from resource companies with large franking balances. Always keeping shareholders in mind Ahead of the reporting season we pre-empted that Labor's policy may have a large impact on company behaviour, and had written to every major company held in our portfolios with a large franking balance, reasonable capital position and strong cashflows, to ensure that the excess franking credits were returned to shareholders as part of their capital management strategies. These companies included Woolworths, Wesfarmers, Woodside Petroleum, Adelaide Brighton Cement, JB Hi-FI, ASX and Caltex. We received a positive response from each company we contacted, and their subsequent actions during reporting season show that many companies are adopting sensible capital management strategies in relation to the distribution of surplus franking credits. Will franking have a value in the future? Goldman Sachs1 has calculated that in 2018, shareholders in ASX 200 companies received total dividends of A$68.6 billion, with A$22.3 billion of franking credits attached. They have estimated that the policy changes will impact only around A$3 billion of these franking credits. We note that a future value for franking credits does remain, as Labor's policy allows accumulation investors in the 15% tax rate cohort (that is, the majority of 12.7 million employed persons in Australia2) to still be able to claim franking credits as a deduction against any tax paid on income. Pensioners, charities, foundations and not for profit entities will also be exempt from the policy. × Newsletter sign-up What is the impact on future capital management plans? While companies have made short-term adjustments pre-election, we see that the proposed policy will also have an impact on how companies think about capital-management longer term. The value of franking to Australian investors had traditionally created a strong capital allocation culture. Australian companies have historically been very disciplined in dealing with any excess cash, typically distributing this as franked dividends. They would then raise capital only when required. This is a contrast to US and global counterparts, who are more likely to hoard cash. This capital discipline of no excess cash and also having to justify the value of any new capex to shareholders will be lessened when there is a weakened incentive to distribute franked dividends to investors. Should the policy be enacted, we see that it could lead to reduced payout ratios. It will also see fewer off-market buybacks by companies, which are usually valued as an effective way to distribute franking credits as they allow investors to choose whether to participate or not. How will this change investor behaviour? We see that this change will create a tax arbitrage between pooled superannuation funds and individual superannuation investment (e.g. SMSF) and may have an impact on how capital is allocated to Australian equities by these investors, or how they invest. Pooled funds will be able to realise franking credit value by using them as a deduction against the 15% tax payers and then channel those benefits to 0% tax payers (or just give the benefit of franking to its pension members to all members). A SMSF in pension phase will not have that ability to channel, as their 0% tax rate means franking will have zero value. This may act as a disincentive for a SMSF to invest in Australian equities, or encourage it to look at restructuring their investments into other structures. The long-term impact on markets How you see expected returns depends on if you had previously valued the extra ~2% p.a. return for a 0% tax payer in your projected return assumptions, as we do for our clients3. The Martin Currie Australia investment process formally values franking credits and penalises unfranked dividends, and therefore franking is a driver of every investment decision. But we do see that there will be few long-term implications to expected returns for the Australian equity market, as franking is not fully valued by the broader market beyond franking ex dates. Academic studies put this value as only 40% of value being reflected in shares prices4. Summary Despite the concerns regarding political uncertainty for the value of franking credits, company boards have shown a positive reaction this reporting season. Specifically, we have seen an increased awareness of the importance of releasing imputation credits to shareholders. A dividend imputation system will remain in place under a potential new government, and we believe that companies will continue to distribute the franking credits attached to their dividends, leading to more sustainable returns. Whatever the political outcome and potential changes to policy, our focus will continue to be on companies that manage their capital efficiently, to create long-term returns for shareholders. The information provided should not be considered a recommendation to purchase or sell any particular security. It should not be assumed that any of the security transactions discussed here were or will prove to be profitable 1Source: Goldman Sachs Portfolio Strategy Research: Potential tax changes could trigger a spike in buy-backs. 24 January 2019 2Source: ABS, 6202.0 - Labour Force, Australia, Feb 2019 3Source: Martin Currie Australia; data shown for illustrative purposes only 4Source: Geoff Warren, Australian National University: Are Franking Credits Capitalised into Share Prices? 22 November 2013 Important information Past performance is not a guide to future returns. The information contained in this presentation has been compiled with considerable care to ensure its accuracy. But no representation or warranty, express or implied, is made to its accuracy or completeness. Market and currency movements may cause the capital value of shares, and the income from them, to fall as well as rise and you may get back less than you invested. The information provided should not be considered a recommendation to purchase or sell any particular security. It should not be assumed that any of the security transactions discussed here were or will prove to be profitable. Martin Currie has procured any research or analysis contained in this presentation for its own use. It is provided to you only incidentally, and any opinions expressed are subject to change without notice. The opinions contained in this document are those of the named manager(s). They may not necessarily represent the views of other Martin Currie managers, strategies or funds. Please note the information within this report has been produced internally using unaudited data and has not been independently verified. Whilst every effort has been made to ensure its accuracy, no guarantee can be given.

subset: commoncrawl


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November 2008. By securing himself to the anchor chain, this activist is delaying the departure of the tanker Gran Couva. The ship is carrying 27,000 tonnes of palm oil to the Netherlands. His banner reads "No more forests or peat land for palm oil"
© © Greenpeace / John Novis
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Study says Americans uninformed consumers of health insurance
The very Americans who stand to benefit most from the Affordable Care Act — including those earning near the Federal Poverty Level — are "the most clueless" about health care policies, according to a report released March 24.
ObamaCare has enrolled more than 5 million people since Oct. 1, but a survey by the University of Southern California shows that even people who were able to enroll might not have had basic knowledge of plans — such as what is a deductible — to choose their best option.
"In a nationally representative snapshot of Americans," a USC release said, "the researchers found shockingly low health-insurance literacy overall, and particularly among younger and low-income Americans."
Of the 3,500 Americans surveyed in late August and September, 42 percent were unable to describe a deductible. And 62 percent didn't know an HMO plan had greater restrictions that a PPO.
Fully half surveyed didn't know about the health care exchanges.
Right before open enrollment for health insurance began Oct. 1, 37 percent of people didn't know there was a penalty for not having health insurance, and only 41 percent of people who had incomes between 100 percent and 250 percent of the Federal Poverty Level knew they could receive tax credits through the federal and state exchanges.
"The results are worrisome because the success of the Affordable Care Act hinges on competition among insurers lowering premiums and increasing the quality of coverage," said lead author and economist Silvia Helena Barcellos, with the USC Dornsife Center for Economic and Social Research. "This only happens when people know what they're choosing."
Younger people, under 26, were less likely to be literate about health insurance. Older white males comprised the group tending to be most informed about the ACA, though researchers found no difference in literacy based on personal political persuasions.
The results are the first in a series of surveys that will track the same respondents about their health care choices. The next survey, scheduled just after the open enrollment period for 2014 ends on March 31, will measure rates of enrollment, premium payments and coverage.


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Download George Catlett Marshall: A Chronology
Early Life: 1880 to 1901
- December 31, 1880: Born in Uniontown, Pennsylvania (40 miles SSE of Pittsburgh). Lived at his home, 1880 to 1901.
- September 1897 to June 1901: Attended the Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia. Civil Engineering major, 1899 to 1901; Kappa Alpha fraternity, 1901. First Captain (i.e. cadet commander), 1900 to 1901, Varsity football (left tackle) 1900. Marshall always ranked first in military discipline and about midway academically. He graduated 15th of 34 in the Class of '01. "What I learned at VMI was self-control, discipline, so that it was ground in. I learned also the problem of managing men." — GCM
- Life as a cadet at VMI (MP 3 File – 6 MB)
- September 1901: Examined for Army commission, Governors Island, New York.
- September 1901 to January 1902: Commandant of Students, Danville Military Academy, Danville, Virginia.
Young Officer: 1902 to 1917
- February 1902: Commissioned Second Lieutenant of Infantry on 3 February 1902; Married Elizabeth Coles of Lexington; reported to Fort Myer, Virginia; ordered to join his regiment (30th Infantry) in the Phillipines.
- May 1902 to November 1903: Philippine Islands.
- December 1903 to August 1906: Fort Reno, Oklahoma Territory; served at various times as engineering officer, ordnance officer, post quartermaster, and post commissary officer.
- August 1906 to August 1908: Honor graduate of the Infantry-Cavalry School in 1907, graduated first in his class from Army Staff College in 1908, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas; Promoted to First Lieutenant.
- August 1908 to January 1911: Instructor in the Department of Military Engineering at Fort Leavenworth Army Service Schools. Worked with various National Guard units in the summer, 1907 to 1911.
- January 1911 to June 1913: Assignments with 24th Infantry; Madison Barracks, New York; San Antonio, Texas; with the Organized Militia of Massachusetts; and with the 4th Infantry; Fort. Logan H. Roots, Arkansas, Fort Snelling, Minnesota and Fort Crockett, Texas.
- June 1913 to May 1916: Duty with the 13th Infantry; Chief of Staff of Field Detachment 1 on maneuvers, Aide-de-Camp to Brigadier General Hunter Liggett at Fort William McKinley and Headquarters Philippine Department, Manila, Philippine Islands.
- May 1916 to June 1917: Aide-de-Camp to Major General J. Franklin Bell and Assistant to the Department Adjutant, Headquarters, Western Department, San Francisco, California; Staff Officer, Headquarters, Eastern Department, Governors Island, New York.
Mid-Career: 1917 to 1938
- July 1917: Promoted to Captain.
- June 1917 to July 1918: Assistant Chief of Staff, G-3 (Operations), and then G-3, 1st Division, American Expeditionary Force (AEF), France. Served on the St. Mihiel, Picardy, and Cantigny fronts. Won high praise for his planning of the Cantigny operation (May 1918).
- July 1918 to April 1919: Assistant G-3, American Expeditionary Force (AEF) Headquarters. Won high praise for his planning for the St. Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne offensives; Chief of Staff, Eight Army Corps.
- May 1919 to July 1924: Aide-de-Camp to General John J. Pershing, Washington, D.C. Promoted to Major, July 1920; to Lieutenant Colonel, August 1923.
- August 1924 to September 1927: Executive, and later Commanding Officer, 15th Infantry, Tientsin, China.
- September 1927 to November 1927: Instructor, Army War College, Washington, D.C.; Mrs. Elizabeth Coles Marshall dies, September 15, 1927.
- November 1927 to June 1932: Instructor at the Army War College, Washington, D.C.; Assistant Commandant of the Infantry School, Fort Benning, Georgia. Married Mrs. Katherine Tupper Brown, October, 1930.
- His instructors and students included future generals Omar N. Bradley, Joseph W. Stillwell, J. Lawton Collins, Walter B. Smith, Charles L. Bolte, and Matthew B. Ridgway
- July 1932 to June 1933: Commanding Officer, 8th Infantry, Fort Screven, Georgia.
- July 1933 to October 1933: Commanding Officer, Fort Moultrie and District "I", Civilian Conservation Corps. Promoted to Colonel, September, 1933.
- November 1933 to August 1936: Senior Instructor, Illinois National Guard (33rd Division), Chicago, Illinois.
- August 1936 to July 1938: Promoted to Brigadier General, Commanding General, 5th Brigade, Vancouver Barracks, Washington (state); supervised Civilian Conservation Corps work in the Northwest.
Chief of Staff: 1939 to 1945
- July 1938 to July 1939: Assistant Chief of Staff War Plans Division; Deputy Chief of Staff and Acting Chief of Staff of the War Department, Washington, D.C.; Chief of the Military Mission to Brazil (May to June 1939).
- September 1, 1939: Sworn in as Chief of Staff of the Army.
- September 1939 to November 1945: Chief of Staff of the Army in the grade of General.
- August 1941: Attends Atlantic Charter Conference in Newfoundland, Canada with President Franklin D. Roosevelt and Prime Minister Winston Churchill.
- December 1941 to January 1942: Attends ARCADIA Conference with President Franklin D. Roosevelt and Prime Minister Winston Churchill, Washington D.C.
- April and July 1942: In Britain for discussions. Marshall opposed to landings in North Africa, preferring cross-channel attack.
- January 1943: Attends Casablanca Conference with President Franklin D. Roosevelt
- November and December 1943 attends Teheran Conference with President Franklin D. Roosevelt.
- June 1944: Visits Normandy beachhead and Great Britain.
- December 1944: Promoted to "General of the Army" (5 stars).
- February 1945: Attends Yalta Conference in the USSR with President Franklin D. Roosevelt.
- July 1945: attends Potsdam Conference in Germany with President Harry S. Truman.
- November 18, 1945: Retires as Chief of Staff.
Diplomat: 1946 to 1948
- November 1945: Appointed Special Representative of the President to China with the personal rank of Ambassador.
- December 1945 to December 1946: In China for meetings with Nationalist and Communist Chinese officials in an attempt to mediate the civil war there.
- January 1947 to January 1949: Secretary of State.
- January 21, 1947 – Marshall sworn in as Secretary of State
- February 1947: Retired from active U. S. Army service, at his own request, after more than 45 years of active service.
- March to April 1947: Attended the fifth conference of the Allied Council of Foreign Ministers meetings in Moscow.
- Upon his return he introduced the Marshall Plan for aiding European nations.
- June 5, 1947: "Marshall Plan" speech at the Harvard University commencement.
- August to September 1947: Attends Inter-American Conference for Maintenance of Continental Peace and Security, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- November to December 1947: Attends Council of Foreign Ministers meetings, London.
- March to April 1948: Attends Ninth International Congress of American States, Bogota.
- September 1948: Attends United Nations General Assembly meetings, Paris.
- January 1949: Resigns as Secretary of State.
Last Assignments: 1949 to 1959
Source: General Orders No. 39; Headquarters, Department of the Army,
Marshall's Leadership Principles
These five principles defined George Marshall's leadership qualities:
Candor – Speak honestly and responsibly
Commitment – Faithfully adhere to what is right
Courage – Be bold in speech and deed
Integrity – Speak and act with honor
Selflessness – Service above self-interest
Author and lecturer Jack Uldrich expanded the list in his captivating book, Soldier Statesman Peacemaker: Leadership Lessons from George C. Marshall, American Management Association, 2005.
- Doing the Right Thing: The Principle of Integrity
- Mastering the Situation: The Principle of Action
- Serving the Greater Good: The Principle of Selflessness
- Speaking your Mind: The Principle of Candor
- Laying the Groundwork: The Principle of Preparation
- Sharing the Knowledge: The Principle of Learning and Teaching
- Choosing and Rewarding the Right People: The Principle of Fairness
- Focusing on the Big Picture: The Principle of Vision
- Supporting the Troops: The Principle of Caring
Listen to Jack Uldrich describe Marshall's Leadership Priciples.
Marshall's Character defined him as an individual who could be trusted by colleagues, subordinates and superiors alike. His strong character is one reason why Congress supported his many requests for funding and superiors listened to his thoughtful, yet strong arguments.
Speaking before the Institute for Honor in 2005, Brig. Gen. Casey Brower said, "Optimism, stamina, love of one's soldiers, determination, and loyalty were qualities for Marshall that distinguished successful officers from the common pack. They were the solid qualities on which a commander could depend, qualities that would make a large organization function effectively, qualities that would be the bedrock of readiness."
"Finally, Marshall valued loyalty enormously as a leadership virtue," he said. "The most successful officers, in his view, made 'a point of extreme loyalty, in thought and deed, both to their superiors personally and to one's efforts to execute their superior's plans or policies.' There could be no role for individual ego in a soldier's respect for superior authority, Marshall counseled. Indeed, 'The less you agree with the policies of your superiors, the more energy you must direct to their accomplishment,'" said Marshall.
Foundation staff have complied a family tree of George C. Marshall from various family collections available in the archives.
It is available for public view at Ancestry.com.


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First and foremost – you will get no tax benefit from donating your personal automobile to charity unless you can itemize on Schedule A! While the donation itself can put you over the top and cause you to be able to itemize, to get the maximum tax benefit you must be able to itemize without the car donation.
Second, the amount you receive "in your pocket" will be only a small percentage of the car's value. The amount of cash you will realize depends on your federal and, if your state allows a similar tax deduction (New Jersey does not), state tax bracket. If the allowable deduction is $1,000.00 a New Jersey resident may only realize $150.00 or $250.00 "in pocket".
Plus you have to wait to file your tax return to get the money. If you donate a car to charity today you will not see the cash until at least next February – more than a year later.
You will realize more cash in hand, and get it immediately, if you actually sell the car yourself or if you use the car as a trade-in for a new vehicle purchase. Of course selling the car yourself involves a lot of work and potential agita and aggravation, as well as additional expenses for advertising – so if you are not going to trade the car in on a new purchase it may be worthwhile to give the car to charity just to get rid of it quickly and easily. The charity will usually arrange to pick up the donated vehicle from your location.
Don't think you can donate a clunker that has been sitting up on cement blocks in your yard for the past year and get a substantial tax deduction. Congress suspected that there was a lot of abuse in with this tax deduction and passed new, more strict rules for claiming a deduction a few years ago.
In most cases when you donate a car to a charity the charity will turn around and sell the car in auction to get the cash. In such a case your tax deduction is limited to the gross proceeds from the sale. If the charity sells the car for $850.00 you can deduct $850.00 on your tax return, regardless of the "blue book value" of the car.
You can deduct the "fair market value" of the car on the date of the donation if the charity intends to temporarily or permanently use the car in its operations, if it intends to make "material" improvements to the vehicle before selling it, or it intends to sell the car to a "needy" individual at a price that is significantly below "fair market value" or give the car to such an individual. You can go to the website for the Kelley Blue Book and look up the "private party value" for the vehicle based on the mileage and condition.
In any case when you donate a vehicle to charity you will receive a Form 1098-C from the charity. The Form 1098-C will include the name and Taxpayer Identification Number of the charity, the vehicle identification number of the auto donated, the date of contribution, and information on what was done with the vehicle.
(1) If the charity sells the car without significant interim use or material improvement, the Form 1098-C will include the date the vehicle was sold by the charity, certification that the sale was an "arm's length" transaction among unrelated parties, and the gross proceeds from the sale.
(2) If the charity intends to temporarily or permanently use the car in its operations, or if it intends to make "material" improvements to the vehicle before selling it, the Form 1098-C will include a certification and description of either the significant interim use and intended duration of such use or the intended material improvement and a certification that the vehicle will not be sold before such use or improvement is completed.
(3) If the charity intends to sell the car to a "needy" individual at a price that is significantly below "fair market value", or give the car to such an individual, the Form 1098-C will include a certification that the charity will make such a sale or transfer of the vehicle, and that the sale or transfer will be in direct furtherance of the organization's charitable purpose of relieving the poor and distressed or the underprivileged who are in need of a means of transportation.
Form 1098-C must be issued within 30 days of either the date of the contribution or the date of the disposition of the vehicle by the charity. You must attach Copy B of the IRS Form 1098-C to your Form 1040. If you donated a car to charity in 2007 and you have not received a Form 1098-C from the charity check out my posting "Did You Donate Your Car to Charity in 2007?".
I believe that if you want to donate your car to charity you should stick with the well-established organizations, like the Salvation Army, the American Cancer Society, American Diabetes Association, ASPCA, etc. I would stay away from a charity that you have never heard of before. You can check out the status of a charity online at www.charitynavigator.org.
Any questions?


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John Doe 99 necesitaba un nuevo diseño de logotipo y lanzó un concurso de diseño en 99designs.
Un ganador ha sido elegido entre 150 diseños de 53 diseñadores freelance.
Brite Energy Ideas
I am currently a builder of Custom Homes that has decided to interface my company with a new Energy Auditing Service . This will enable us to reach out to the public with a service that will save them money and be able to forwared tax credits, Loan programs, and grants. This is a new company. I have a partner and our goal was to turn this business into a conduit for an upsell for other goods and services once we establish a relationship with the client through a home energy audit. The concept is to save the client money as well as establish ongoing relationships. We will then provide pricing for the recomended improvements. We are certified by BPI and Nyserda, which enables us to forward to the client rebates, tax credits and grant money. Our goal is to appear detached from the sale by strictly promoting the audit and not the brand of a contracting company that has a benefit of producing false results in the audit process.This audit will make reccomendations on both electrical and fuel Consumption. This audit also focuses on the health and saftey of the home.
The audience should be anyone who owns a home or a business. These homes can be both new and old as there are opportunities to provide a corrective service to both markets. We are targeting a market that desire a professional audit as opposed to other firms that are in the biusiness of the corrective work needed such as air sealing, insulation, window replacements, boilers and other mechanical improvements. We are looking to appeal to both comercial and residential markets but in the inception we will be focused on residential programs.The homes can be one to four family dwellings
The word Energy should be in green
The Business goal is to portray monetary savings, Green solutions, Health and safety of the home.
I am looking for a crisp contemporary design . I do not wnat any traditional logos as this concept is all about the future and the nbeed for change
Descubre cómo funciona un concurso de diseño u obtén más información sobre nuestros servicios de diseño de logo.


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This is a handmade wooden puzzle made my Peaceful Wooden Puzzles. Makes an awesome and memorable gift! Seeing this beautiful picture of our wooden Alaska Wild Berries puzzle, I was curious: what kinds of delicious foods could I be prevailed on to make with these, as I am in the beginning stages of learning to cook at all? Here are some fun, easy recipes for Alaska Wild Berries, and some interesting information about the berries as well!
Juicy - 1000 piece summer berry puzzle is sure to inspire some tasty treats![/caption] Wild berries that found in Alaska are an excellent source of antioxidants, those helpful substances that fight other substances which roam around and deplete healthy cells of oxygen and contribute to aging, heart disease, cancer, and other illnesses.
Basically antioxidants counteract other bad things going on in your body, so they're very good for you. Some of Alaska's berries, like lingonberries, have just over eight times the amount of antioxidants as blueberries found in the contiguous U.S. So you can use that excuse when you treat yourself to these sweeter indulgences offered below.
ESKIMO ICE CREAM Eskimo ice cream, or Akutaq-Alaskan, is a light and fluffy dessert that can vary quite a bit as to its ingredients. Some recipes call for moose, caribou, or fish fat and oils. The recipe holds quite a bit of history: Native women traditionally made Akutaq after the first polar bear or seal catch, and the dessert was shared with the community members as part of special ceremonies. The modern recipe, which omits the animal fats, is as follows: Ingredients
- 1 cup vegetable shortening (Crisco)
- 1/4 cup of water
- 1/2 cup sugar (more is optional)
- 1/2 cup raisins
- 4 cups of berries (salmonberries, blueberries, raspberries, or strawberries)
- Soak raisins in hot water
- Whip Crisco and water in a bowl until smooth/creamy
- Add in 1/2 cup sugar; mix well
- Add berries and soaked raisins; mix well
- Chill before serving
NAGOONBERRY SYRUP Nagoonberry syrup is a delightful recipe to put over the classic waffles and pancakes, but also tastes delicious over ice cream or hot biscuits. After it is prepared, it will keep up to six months in the refrigerator without sugaring. Ingredients:
- 4 cups nagoonberries
- 1 cup water
- 2 cups sugar
- 1 teaspoon lemon juice
- Extract juice by combining 4 cups of nagoonberries with 1 cup water in a bowl
- Crush berries
- On stove, bring mix to a simmer in a covered pot for 10 minutes
- Place mix in a jellybag OR layers of cheesecloth in a colander
- Let juice drip into a bowl (do not twist or press jellybag/cheesecloth)
- Combine nagoonberry and lemon juices and sugar in saucepan
- Heat to 160 degrees; do not boil
ALASKA WILD BERRIES MUFFINSIngredients:
- 2 cups flour
- 2 cups Wild Alaska berries (1 cup each of blueberries, cranberries preferred)
- 1 1/2 cup sugar (more is optional)
- 1/2 cup milk
- 2 eggs, slightly beaten
- 1/4 cup butter-flavored Crisco
- 2 teaspoons baking powder
- 2 teaspoons vanilla
- 1/2 teaspoon salt (more is optional)
- Mix together flour, salt and baking powder in large bowl
- In SEPARATE bowl mix Crisco, vanilla, sugar, eggs
- Combine both mixtures together
- Add milk
- Fold in wild berries
- Pour batter into lightly greased muffin tins
- Bake at 350 degrees for 25 minutes
WILD BERRY STUFFED FRENCH TOASTThis is a recipe which could be used with any berries of your preference, but would also be great with the syrup you made from the noganberry recipe. Ingredients:
- 1 loaf Italian bread, unsliced
- 8 ounces cream cheese
- 2 cup wild berries (blueberries or raspberries preferred)
- 12 eggs
- 2 cups milk
- 2 tablespoons melted butter
- 1 tablespoon vanilla
- 1 teaspoon cinnamon
- Maple syrup
- Slice end off bread (save for another use)
- Cut next slice part way through so that it has a pocket and is thick, but to your preference
- Cut next slice all the way through
- Continue until all bread is sliced (6-7 pieces preferred)
- Place slices of cream cheese in each pocket
- Add spoonfulls of berries
- Place bread on cookie sheets
- In large/shallow bowl, whisk together eggs, milk, vanilla, cinnamon, maple syrup, and melted butter
- Dip each slice stuffed bread in egg mixture; coat well
- Place on greased griddle over medium heat
- Cook until lightly browned (about 3 min. per side, turning once)
- Remove from griddle, sprinkle with powdered sugar (optional)


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Predator Trilogy Blu-ray
UK Import Multi-Region A & B Blu-ray 3-Disc Edition All Regions release, playable on all worldwide blu-ray players. Predator Arnold Schwarzenegger stars in this action-packed story of fighting men pitted against an unseen enemy, a force more powerful than their fiercest weapons. Recruited by the CIA to rescue hostages held by guerrilla fighters in a Central American country, Schwarzenegger and his men encounter an enemy unimaginably more deadly than any on Earth - because the Predator is not of the Earth. Packed with spectacular effects and combat scenes of gut-wrenching power, Predator is the most terrifying movie yet. Predator 2 This electrifying action sequel unleashes the deadly Predator in another jungle - the urban jungle of Los Angeles. Danny Glover stars as a hard-headed cop up against a savage alien who has come to Earth from a distant galaxy to hunt humans for sport. Predators A bold new chapter in the Predator universe, shot under the creative auspices of Robert Rodriguez, stars Adrien Brody as Royce, a mercenary who reluctantly leads a group of elite warriors who come to realize they've been brought together on an alien planet... as prey. With the notable exception of a disgraced physician, they are all cold-blooded killers--mercenaries, Yakuza, convicts, death squad members--human "predators" that are now being systemically hunted and eliminated by a new breed of alien Predators in the ultimate battle of survival of kill, or be killed.


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A major new Pew report on the relationship between religion and education has a lot to worry Muslims. It's quite understandable that as many Muslims live in underdeveloped countries, they will get less education than people elsewhere. But it turns out that this is not the sole explanation, since for example Muslims are also less educated than Christians in sub-Saharan Africa - and the gap is getting worse.
It's a long report: the link is to an excellent graphical summary but there are further links to a series of chapters of the report. I haven't worked through the chapters, but at first sight it looks likely that whatever the Muslims' circumstances, their religion is limiting their education. So far, btw, I haven't seen any mention of whether or not "education" in religious indoctrination centres is counted. It may be somewhere in the full report.


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Engine-CodesOBDII Code ListP1116 AUDI
P1116 AUDI - HO2S Sensor Heater Circuit Open Bank 1 Sensor 1
P1116 AUDI Possible Causes
- Faulty HO2 Sensor Bank 1 Sensor 1
- HO2 Sensor Bank 1 Sensor 1 harness is open or shorted
- HO2 Sensor Bank 1 Sensor 1 circuit poor electrical connection
How do I fix code P1116 AUDI
Check the "Possible Causes" listed above. Visually inspect the related wiring harness and connectors. Check for damaged components and look for broken, bent, pushed out, or corroded connector's pins.
Cost of diagnosing the P1116 AUDI code
Labor: 1.0The cost of diagnosing the P1116 AUDI code is 1.0 hour of labor. The auto repair labor rates vary widely across the country, and even within the same city. Most auto repairs shops charge between $75 and $150 per hour.
P1116 AUDI Possible Symptoms
- Engine Light ON (or Service Engine Soon Warning Light)
P1116 AUDI MeaningHO2S Sensor Heater Circuit Open Bank 1 Sensor 1 is the generic description for the P1116 AUDI code, but the manufacturer may have a different description. Currently we have no further information abouth the P1116 AUDI OBDII code. Please post your question on the Q&A section for more information: AutoCodes.com Questions.
P1116 AUDI More InformationNeed more information on how to fix the P1116 AUDI code?
Get Access to Factory Service Manuals


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Buff Kukuxumusu Original - Alnanga
on orders over £25
Make a price match enquiry
Buff Kukuxumusu Original - Alnanga
Buff Kukuxumusu Original Alnanga
ORIGINAL BUFF is a multifunctional tubular accessory ideal for many activities. Designed to keep you warm in the cold, Original BUFF will also wick moisture (sweat) away from your skin to keep you cool when it is hot. The lightweight, breathable, microfibre fabric is extremely comfortable to wear. Please note that adult design content may not be suitable for the under 12s. ORIGINAL BUFF can be worn as a neckerchief, headband, wristband, mask, hair-band, balaclava, scarf, headband, scrunchie, saharaine, pirate cap, beanie and bandana.
- Made with 100% Polyester Microfibre
- Weights: 35g/1.2 oz and measures 52cm x 24.5cm /20.5inches x 9.6inches
- Sizing: fits most adults, but if you require something smaller, try Womens Slim Fit, Junior/Child (4–12 yrs) Baby (3 yrs and under).
- There are no irritating seams or hems
- Is machine washable and non iron.
- Treated with Polygiene your BUFF headwear will remain fresh as the silver ions prevent the build up of bacteria in the fabric
- Certified to meet Oeko-Tex Standard 100
- Thermal Comfort – Cool
Buff®, the original multifunctional headwear. Once upon a time there was a keen off-road trials motorcyclist from Spain, who realised there was a need for a multifunctional garment that could be worn on and around his head while out riding in any and all conditions. Having worked in the textile industry for over 25 years manufacturing knitted collars and cuffs for the most popular football shirt brands in Europe, Juan Rojas set about creating a functional garment that could be worn in all manner of ways, replacing the need for separate items of head and neck wear.
Experimenting with different designs and processes, Juan eventually found a high performance microfibre that was breathable, moisture wicking and wind resistant. Juan then set about designing a proprietary knitting process that could manufacture his product in such a way as to ensure enduring comfort and durability. This manufacturing process, which takes place on a specially developed tubular loom, achieves an unique seamless construction resulting in a particularly comfortable garment that is extremely durable. The use of a sublimation printing process to transfer designs onto the product also ensures that the material retains its soft feel without the colours fading when either exposed to the elements or during cleaning. Juan called his product Buff® as a derivation of the Spanish word 'bufanda' meaning scarf.
Then, in 1998, Buff® entered a team into the Eco-Challenge adventure race and by the end of the event most of the participants had either requested or were wearing an Original Buff® and were totally "Buffed up." Since then, Buff® headwear has become a standard accessory for all adventure racers and athletes, and has been worn by contestants on the CBS Survivor series, Raid Gaulouises and Southern Traverse events. Adventure Racer Louise Cooper says: "I can't imagine being without my Buff. It's without a doubt the most versatile accessory anyone can wear."
Buff® headwear and has since become popular with millions of outdoor enthusiasts who benefit from its versatility: the garment has multiple uses and can be worn as a scarf, bandanna, headband, hat, facemask or wristband. Put simply: Buff® headwear is uniquely versatile, designed to achieve a high level of comfort and protection from the elements, WITH FUN!
Delivery costs
To find the delivery costs for an item simply place the item in your basket. Our delivery costs for most items are based on each item's size and weight. Delivery and handling estimates that appear in the basket are calculated with our lowest cost delivery method
Free delivery over £25. Next day delivery if ordered before 3pm.
Orders to UK Mainland addresses over £25 (i.e. excluding Highlands and Islands) will be sent with free carriage.
Free Shippping to other destinations
- Orders will be shipped free of charge to areas other than the UK when the order total is over:
- UK Highlands and Islands: £100
- Europe Zone 1 - e.g. Eire, France, Germany £250
- Europe Zone 2 - e.g. Greece, Poland £400
- USA, Canada, Australia - £800
- Items Shipped outwith the EU will include a form which can be used to claim back approx 10% V.A.T. Unfortunately this excludes BFPO addresses. Please note, V.A.T. is not applied to crash helmets.


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Life Scents® Summer Delights Scented Oil
Bring the delights of summer into your home with this playful and fun fragrance combining fresh white florals, sweet melon, and subtle vanilla.
Product Features
- Summer Delights sweetens the air with florals, sweet melon, and vanilla notes
- Life Scents® is the first constantly changing fragrance
- User can control fragrance level
- Continuously diffuses for up to 45 days per refill on low setting
Also available in: Two, Three, Five Count Refill Packs and Starter Kit
Product Description
Enhance your home's scent story with Air Wick® Life Scents® Summer Delights Scented Oil. Air Wick® Life Scents® Collection is the first constantly changing fragrance to create a welcoming atmosphere in your home.
Each Air Wick® refill provides up to 45 days* of continuously diffused and carefully blended fragrance throughout your home, office, or any space. Air Wick® Scented Oil Warmers also allow you to control the fragrance level as desired, while enhancing your décor with a sleek look. *Based on low setting.
Each Air Wick® refill provides up to 45 days* of continuously diffused and carefully blended fragrance throughout your home, office, or any space. Air Wick® Scented Oil Warmers also allow you to control the fragrance level as desired, while enhancing your décor with a sleek look. *Based on low setting.
Usage Information
Remove warmer from wall outlet. Remove refill from warmer and screw cap onto empty fragrance bottle. Unscrew cap from new fragrance bottle and insert into warmer until click can be heard. Plug upright into outlet. Rotate plug if needed. Unit will leak if plugged in sideways or upside down. When unplugged, keep unit upright. Adjust fragrance intensity by rotating dial on top of warmer. Largest mark = max. setting. Important: Risk of electric shock. This is not a toy and is not intended for use by children. For adult use only. Do not put fingers or hands into product. For safe use, plug only into properly functioning 120-volt electrical outlet, where product is ventilated and cannot contact bed covering or other material. Do not use with extension cords. If using a GFCI outlet, test on a regular basis. Do not immerse in water. Do not plug anything in above it. Do not use air freshener with Mega fragrance bottle in vertical receptacles. Only for use with Air Wick Scented Oil Air Freshener products. Reckitt Benckiser will not be held responsible for damage, injury or poor performance caused by use of any other refills in Air Wick warmers.
Safety Information
Eye irritant. Read precautions on back. Keep out of reach of children and pets. Prolonged or frequent skin contact may cause an allergic reaction. Avoid contact with eyes, skin and clothing. Do not ingest. Use in well ventilated areas. First Aid: If in eyes, rinse eyes with water. Remove any contact lenses and continue to rinse eyes for at least 15 minutes. If on skin, wash area with soap and water. If irritation persists, get medical attention. Discontinue use immediately and get medical attention if a reaction develops. If swallowed, Do not induce vomiting. Call a physician or Poison Control Center immediately. Contains fragrance oils. Wash hands after handling. Do not place fragrance oil bottle or cap on finished wood surfaces or place any object within 12 inches (30 cm) above warmer. Do not place in an area where the unit may be susceptible to hard knocks. Do not operate with wet hands or metal objects. Do not obstruct or block air flow from unit. Do not use in small, confined pet areas without adequate ventilation. Do not place near a source of heat or direct sunlight.


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- This event has passed.
One on One Healing 5:30-5:50 pm
March 3 @ 5:30 pm - 5:50 pm$10.00
This session is semi-private. You will work with one of our experienced healers one on one for 15 minutes.
Please arrive 5-10 minutes early. If you are going to be late please text Rochelle at 303-564-9884. You can ask your healer to work on specific concerns or situations. Please pre-register below for the day and time that works best for you.


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Ceremony - Ricky Cheung Photography
Brittany & David
Brittany & David - Ceremony
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Ricky Cheung is a New York based Wedding Photographer specializing in capturing moments of love, truth and beauty. Using a photojournalistic approach he documents your wedding day in a unique storytelling fashion. He is currently serving all of New York, New Jersey & Connecticut. Destination weddings are always a welcome.
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1958 - 1961
Although new horrors like AIDS have emerged, other diseases, such as polio, have all but disappeared. Advertising helped make this possible. Initially, the country responded very slowly to the new vaccine for paralytic polio. Three sets of shots were required at first, and it took an extended and repetitive advertising effort to get 80% of the at-risk populace fully immunized. Through April of 1960, inoculations had increased to 91.1 million, from 79 million the previous year.


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Elaine Huguenin, who with her husband operates Elane Photography in New Mexico, asks only to be let alone. But instead of being allowed a reasonable zone of sovereignty in which to live her life in accordance with her beliefs, she is being bullied by people wielding government power.
In 2006, Vanessa Willock, who was in a same-sex relationship, emailed Elane Photography about photographing a "commitment ceremony" she and her partner were planning. Willock said this would be a "same-gender ceremony." Elane Photography responded that it photographed "traditional weddings." The Huguenins are Christians who, for religious reasons, disapprove of same-sex unions. Willock sent a second email asking whether this meant that the company "does not offer photography services to same-sex couples." Elane Photography responded "you are correct."
Willock could have hired a photographer with no objections to such events. Instead, Willock and her partner set out to break the Huguenins to the state's saddle.
Willock's partner, without disclosing her relationship with Willock, emailed Elane Photography. She said she was getting married — actually, she and Willock were having a "commitment ceremony" because New Mexico does not recognize same-sex marriages — and asked if the company would travel to photograph it. The company said yes. Willock's partner never responded.
Instead, Willock, spoiling for a fight, filed a discrimination claim with the New Mexico Human Rights Commission, charging that Elane Photography is a "public accommodation," akin to a hotel or restaurant, that denied her its services because of her sexual orientation. The NMHRC found against Elane and ordered it to pay $6,600 in attorney fees.
But what a tangled web we weave when we undertake to regulate more and more behaviors under overlapping codifications of conflicting rights. Elaine Huguenin says she is being denied her right to the "free exercise" of religion guaranteed by the U.S. Constitution's First Amendment and a similar provision in the New Mexico constitution. Furthermore, New Mexico's Religious Freedom Restoration Act defines "free exercise" as "an act or a refusal to act that is substantially motivated by religious belief," and forbids government from abridging that right except to "further a compelling government interest."
So New Mexico, whose marriage laws discriminate against same-sex unions, has a "compelling interest" in compelling Huguenin to provide a service she finds repugnant and others would provide? Strange.
Eugene Volokh of the UCLA School of Law thinks Huguenin can also make a "compelled speech argument": She cannot be coerced into creating expressive works, such as photographs, which express something she is uncomfortable expressing. Courts have repeatedly held that freedom of speech and the freedom not to speak are "complementary components of the broader concept of 'individual freedom of mind.'"
A New Mexico court, however, has held that Elane Photography is merely "a conduit for another's expression." But the U.S. Supreme Court (upholding the right of a person to obscure the words "Live Free or Die" on New Hampshire's license plates) has affirmed the right not to be compelled to be conduits of others' expression.
New Mexico's Supreme Court is going to sort all this out.
The Huguenin case demonstrates how advocates of tolerance become tyrannical. First, a disputed behavior, such as sexual activities between people of the same sex, is declared so personal and intimate that government should have no jurisdiction over it. Then, having won recognition of what Louis Brandeis, a pioneer of the privacy right, called "the right to be let alone," some who have benefited from this achievement assert a right not to let other people alone. It is the right to coerce anyone who disapproves of the now protected behavior into acting as though they approve it, or at least into not acting on their disapproval.
So, in the name of tolerance, government declares intolerable individuals such as the Huguenins, who disapprove of a certain behavior but ask only to be let alone in their quiet disapproval. Perhaps advocates of gay rights should begin to restrain the bullies in their ranks.
George F. Will is a syndicated writer in Washington. His email address is email@example.com.


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Foresight Archives
2010 version:
On his blog "Metamodern The Trajectory of Technology" Dr. Drexler has provided this current update "How to study for a career in nanotechnology" of the following 22-year-old essay:
From 1988: Studying Nanotechnology
by K. Eric Drexler
Foresight Briefing #1, originally published in 1988
© Copyright 1988, The Foresight Institute. All rights reserved.
Many students have asked what they should study to prepare for careers in nanotechnology. Giving a decent answer requires outlining the different fields of research that fall under the nanotechnology umbrella and describing the background knowledge required to work in them. It also seems wise to say something about the different levels of knowledge and modes of learning that are relevant to such a broad, interdisciplinary area. The following is a personal view, based on what I have learned (and wished I had learned), and on how learning in these areas seems to work best.
Fields of Research
Nanotechnology will mean complete control of the structure of matter, building complex objects with molecular precision. It doesn't exist yet, because we don't have molecular assemblers yet. Work related to nanotechnology accordingly falls into two broad areas: the study of nanotechnology itself (which must remain theoretical, for the time being) and research on enabling technologies leading toward assemblers and nanotechnology (which can be theoretical in part, but which also has an experimental, developmental component).
The theoretical study of nanotechnology involves exploratory engineering work in any of several of areas. It includes basic studies in nanomechanical engineering (the study of molecular machines) and nanoelectrical engineering (the study of molecular and atomically-precise nanometer scale electronic systems). It also includes studies of complex systems, such as assemblers, replicators, and nanocomputers. More broadly, it includes studies of non-nanoscale applications, such as large systems built by teams of assemblers.
Because we lack the tools to do real nanotechnology today, these theoretical studies amount to building castles in the air. Accordingly, there is little funding for such efforts and frequent skepticism about their value. Nonetheless, such studies can be pursued with intellectual discipline, yielding firm results and a better understanding of our choices as a society. They have been my main focus and have spawned the current interest in nanotechnologyincluding the interest in giving these theoretical castles hardware foundations.
Studying what can be done with assemblers yields more foresight than it does progress; working to develop assemblers yields more progress than it does foresight. Inevitably, more resources will go into development than into theory, because technology development will yield practical, short- term results on the way to long-term objectives. It makes no practical sense to try to build an assembler today, but it does make sense to build tools today that will make it easier to build assemblers tomorrow. These tools are termed "enabling technologies."
Promising enabling technologies fall into several familiar categories. These include:
These approaches have differing strengths and weaknesses. Protein engineering can draw on a host of examples and prototypes from nature, and can exploit existing self-replicating machines (bacteria) to make products cheaplya major consideration, where short-term payoffs are concerned. General macromolecular engineering avoids the major problem with protein engineering (proteins, not having been designed for designability, are hard to design), but at the cost of moving away from natural prototypes and requiring more expensive chemical synthesis techniques for making near-term products (thus reducing the potential market). Micromanipulation techniques promise to ease design problems by allowing direct construction of molecular objects, but they suffer from higher costs: a chemical reaction typically makes many trillions of molecules at once, while a manipulator would make but one, hence manipulator-made products can be expected to cost trillions of times more, dramatically reducing the potential market. Also, as of this writing [1988], micromanipulation has not achieved even a single chemically-specific step in molecular synthesis, while chemists have built specific molecules containing thousands of atoms.
All the above areas bear watching, and all will be pursued to some extent, regardless of which ultimately proves to have the biggest payoff. Hybrid approaches, combining techniques from several of these areas (e.g., micromanipulation of molecular tools), seem promising. Finally, improved computational modeling of molecular systems is a generic enabling technology, relevant to all these approaches.
Background Fields: Molecular Science and Technology
There are, as yet [1988], no college curricula aimed at preparing students for work in nanotechnology. My own course at Stanford provided at best an overview of the field. Rather than seeking courses (and books, and journals) in nanotechnology, one should seek courses (etc.) in the broad field of molecular science and technology.
Unfortunately, there are, as yet, few (if any) schools that treat molecular science and technology as a unified field. (A note to curriculum reformers: developing a program having this focus makes sense in terms of current science and technology, and would provide a natural home for early studies in nanotechnology.) Students aiming to gain a solid background in areas important to nanotechnology should be prepared to shop around from department to department. The following section lists some of the important topics and some of the departments in which they are frequently taught.
To study science and technology in a serious way, one must have an adequate background in mathematics. Basic calculus is essential, and differential equations and linear algebra are widely used. Problems in nanotechnology vary widely in the mathematical sophistication required for their solution.
The study of physical systems is founded on physics. A knowledge of basic classical mechanics and electromagnetism is essential, as is a knowledge of at least the rudiments of quantum mechanics. Anyone aiming to do any sort of sophisticated work in chemistry and molecular machines can benefit from deeper knowledge of quantum mechanics; anyone interested in molecular electronics should make quantum mechanics a chief focus of study. "Quantum mechanics" is a broad area, however. The quantum mechanics of interest here is not quantum electrodynamics, quantum chromodynamics, or superstring theory, but the garden-variety quantum mechanics of electrons in matter, the sort studied by chemists and solid-state physicists. Both quantum chemistry and solid state physics are topics of great relevance to nanotechnology.
As with mathematics, so with physics: problems in nanotechnology vary widely in the sophistication needed for their solution.
Nanomachines and nanoelectronic devices are often greatly influenced by thermal noise. To understand its effects, one needs knowledge of thermodynamics and of statistical mechanics. Thermodynamics deals with the flow of energy and heat in matter in bulk; its principles constrain all physical systems and its subject matter is regarded as a prerequisite for the study of statistical mechanics, which describes much the same territory in a more detailed, molecular fashion. These topics are often taught in chemistry and physics departments.
Nanotechnology can be viewed as an outgrowth of chemistry, the leading science in the field of molecular devices and molecular manipulation. Anyone planning serious work in nanotechnology should seek at least a basic background in chemistry, focusing on its structural, molecular aspects. Those interested in assemblers and molecular mechanical devices should study organic chemistry, and those interested in the chemical-synthesis path to nanotechnology should study synthetic organic chemistry, and learn the arts of the chemistry lab.
Many specific fields have special relevance. Chemical kinetics and reaction transition-state theory is of special relevance to assembler theory. Molecular mechanics is fundamental to any sort of molecular machine design. Studies in materials science (often considered closely allied to chemistry) are also of value; materials scientists consider the mechanical behavior of larger systems of bonded atoms than chemists typically contemplate.
Biology is the leading science in the study of existing molecular machines. Here, biochemistry is central: enzyme reaction mechanisms provide examples of what many nanomachines will need to do; the folding of proteins and the self-assembly of protein systems provide examples of how complex first generation molecular machines may be made. Familiarity with these fields is of considerable importance to anyone interested in enabling technologies.
Although nanotechnologists will need a thorough grounding in relevant scientific principles, nanotechnology is fundamentally a branch of engineering. To work as an engineer, one must learn to think as an engineer, and that means studying (and doing) design. Nanosystems will be systems, and so the principles of systems engineering apply. Many nanosystems will be mechanical, and so the principles of mechanical engineering apply. Studies in solid mechanics, system dynamics, mechanisms, and control theory all are relevant to both nanotechnology and enabling technologies. Engineering departments often teach more specialized topics of relevance to nanotechnology, such as VLSI circuit design (relevant to nanocomputer design) and microfabrication (relevant to possible enabling technologies). The principles of conventional electronic circuit design are applicable to moderately large nanoelectronic systems, and the principles of quantum electronics are applicable to the smallest systems.
Software systems will be vital to nanotechnology and to enabling technologies along the way. A basic introduction to computers and software will be of value to anyone in any area of science or technology. Those interested in software related to nanotechnology should pay special attention to numerical simulation methods for molecular mechanical and quantum electronic systems, and to the design of programs for highly parallel computer systems, since this is the direction hardware will be moving in the coming years. Parallel systems will help designers develop nanotechnology, and nanocomputers will later be used to build massively parallel (trillion processor and up) computer systems. Finally, if powerful systems are to be useful in molecular design, they will need to be accessible through fast, clean, intuitive interfaces that let designers see and manipulate model molecules.
Levels of Knowledge
"In short, to do good work in nanotechnology, one must master everything relevant to the physics, chemistry, and engineering of molecules, from quantum mechanics to advanced software architectures." Fortunately, this isn't true. Of course, the more you know, the better you'll do (within limitsstudying mustn't completely displace doing), but one can't master everything relevant to so broad a field.
What one can and should do is try to master some areas and know a lot about the others. Real molecular devices can do many different things: they can vibrate, pull apart, shake apart, deform, transform, photolyse, or pop from state to stateany of these behaviors can occur in a simple mechanical part, and any can make it fail. Real physical systems will do something when used, and if what they will do is strikingly different from what you think they will do, then the work you're doing may be a waste of time for you and for anyone who listens to you. It's much better to be right about what will work, and this means knowing enough to steer clear of potential problems.
It makes sense to think in terms of three levels of knowledge about a field:
If one has enough knowledge at levels (1) and (2) in enough fields, then one can steer clear of problems in those fields while doing work in a related field where you have knowledge at level (3). And this is a good thing, because knowledge at levels (1 ) and (2) takes far less time to acquire. But to make proper use of knowledge at levels (1) and (2) requires a harsh discipline: attempt to assume the worst about what you don't know. Don't assume that a poorly-understood physical effect will somehow save your design; do assume (until finding otherwise) that it may utterly ruin it. Without this discipline, you'll become an intellectual hazard. With it, you'll be able to make a real contribution.
Modes of Learning
How can one get this sort of general knowledge of a field? Courses can help, but they tend to focus on mastery of a narrow range of knowledge, rather than familiarity with a wide range of knowledge. One can gain this familiarity by reading magazines and journals that offer broad coverage of science and technology: good choices include Science, Nature, Science News, Scientific American, and IEEE Spectrum. Another good tactic is to skim a wide range of books on the new books shelf of a science library, on a regular basis, and to do likewise with a wide range of technical journals.
To do all this properly requires the discipline to read what you don't understanddespite the school-induced reflex which says "Oh, no! I don't understand, so I'll fail the testmaybe I should drop this subject!" By reading what you don't understand, you gain a sense of the patterns of the fieldthe terms and abstract relationships, the kinds of problems being addressed, and the kinds of knowledge required to understand more. And this adds up to an important sort of understanding. Later, this familiarity makes it much easier to consult the literature: one knows which disciplines deal with what problems, and what one needs to study to gain a deeper understanding. Also, it fills your mind with questions, so that you can later recognize the answers and have your mind seize them more firmly.
For a thorough grounding in a basic field, classes can be excellent. If classes aren't available, textbooks can often serve well, especially if you work many of the problems.
In any evolving, interdisciplinary field, you must learn to learn from books and journals. Learn to use libraries (as horrible as they are, compared to tomorrow's hypertext publishing systems). Learn to read skepticallyit is a rare book or journal that doesn't have a few serious errors, and occasionally publications are utter bilge, especially in interdisciplinary fields (which too often lack any discipline at all).
Finally, tackle problems. If you can find a professor doing good, interesting work, consider becoming an apprentice researcher. If not (or in addition), pursue technical problems that interest you. The best way to learn is to seek answers to questions that interest you, and there is no other way to make an original contribution.
Learn to criticize ideas, especially your own. Most new ideas are wrong or inadequate. If you don't reject most of your ideas promptly, then you're almost surely fooling yourself, and if you also spread them, you're almost surely polluting the intellectual world. But if an idea really seems to stand up under testing, try filling in more details, and criticizing it again.
Get criticism from others. Learn to present ideas in discussions, papers, and talks, and listen to the responses, especially from people who know relevant fields. If they disbelieve your idea and tell you why, either understand and refute their criticism, or consider working on a different idea. If they look at you oddly and change the subject, consider whether you are perhaps overlooking a really big, basic problemare you really familiar with the relevant fields? If they disbelieve you at first, but can be persuaded, congratulations! You've probably got hold of something interesting, perhaps even new and important.
Always remember that ideas about real systems must somehow be disciplined by reality. Experimental work brings its own discipline from nature, if the experimenter uses good technique. This discipline is direct and hard to escape. Theoretical work, in contrast, must be disciplined by knowledge of experimental results and natural law; this discipline doesn't impose itself, it must be sought out and largely self-applied. To be a careful thinker, try to understand things in more than one way: if you get the same answer from physical calculations and from analogies to known machines and from analogies to biology, then you're probably right. If all you have is a rough analogy or a crude calculation, you may well be wrong.
Seek out weaknesses in ideas, and build only on ideas that pass rigorous tests, or you may see the foundations of your thinking later crumble and dump a year's (or a decade's) work into the trash. Beware of those who have neither experimental results nor a theoretician's voluntary discipline; expect them to spout great streams of plausible nonsense, unconstrained by reality. Don't become one of these, even if you find that many (ignorant) people are intrigued and entertained by your wilder imaginings.
In short, learn the fundamentals of molecular science and technology. Survey other relevant knowledge. Learn to learn from books and journals. Pursue problems, think critically, and learn more. Design and calculate or experiment. Publish your contribution and add to the world's knowledge. Good luck.
Some 1998 WWW Links
To supplement this Briefing on studying nanotechnology, Tanya Jones has collected the following links to material available on the Web (completed early 1998).
Textbook recommendation
The standard text in the field is Nanosystems: molecular machinery, manufacturing and computation by K. Eric Drexler. Buy a copy and study it.
Other pages on studying for nanotechnology
Educational Opportunities
Graduate Student and Postdoctoral Positions
Rice Univerisity
California Institute of Technology
Indiana University-Purdue
Santa Fe Institute
Related Topics
general macromolecular engineering
reaction transition-state theory
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Raising Canine necesitaba un nuevo diseño de logotipo y lanzó un concurso de diseño en 99designs.
Un ganador ha sido elegido entre 174 diseños de 47 diseñadores freelance.
Raising Canine, LLC - http://www.animal-ed.com
I create remote education programs and products for professional dog trainers. Most of my business is done through the Internet, but I do have a couple of physical products - DVDs, etc.
I'm about to expand and include dog owners, but the business will remain Internet-based.
My mission statement is: Raising Canine is dedicated to providing quality, science-based education and business services to animal professionals so they are able to dedicate their time to enhancing the life-quality of the animals with which they work.
All professional animal trainers with an emphasis on dog trainers & dog owners.
The first group is a varied market, but is composed of primarily women. I would say there are two categories. The people who have been doing this for a long time tend to be older women (perhaps retired, or financially secure) who have been dog fanciers for a long time; most of them do not work full time at their business. However, there is a new group coming in which tends to be younger women coming out of college with a degree in behavior or psychology who are looking for a career in training.
This is a group that is hungry for education and is willing to spend money on education, although they don't make a lot of money. I want to focus on those who are looking for a full time career, working toward or have achieved certification, and are interested in turning this industry into a respected profession.
The owner group is huge so I've decided to define my own target market: Gen X, double income, no kids, college educated, $50K+.
I recently had a new look designed around a new name (Animal Ed). However, I've changed the focus of my business, and am going to continue to use the name Raising Canine. I would like to insert "Raising Canine" into the new look, so Raising Canine must match the look and feel of the new design. You can see the Animal-Ed site at http://www.animal-ed.com. My Raising Canine site is also up - http://www.raisingcanine.com - but was originally designed for owners, not professionals.
Here are the colors used in the design:
Descubre cómo funciona un concurso de diseño u obtén más información sobre nuestros servicios de diseño de logo.


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DeKALB – Northern Illinois University saw a double-digit jump in applications after the Orange Bowl announcement, but university leaders expect to see a lasting effect in the 2014-15 academic year.
NIU's Office of Admissions saw a 19.3 percent increase over last year in applications submitted between Dec. 3 and Dec. 5, the days immediately after the Dec. 2 announcement that the Huskies football team is headed to Miami for the Orange Bowl on Jan. 1.
Director of Admissions Kimberley Buster-Williams said the bump was noticeable because there was more activity than they usually see at that time. They have been conducting tours on Saturdays and have extended some hours until the holiday break.
NIU spokesman Paul Palian said he's hopeful the true impact will come later on.
"I'm sure that kind of publicity is going to put NIU in the national conversation, perhaps give us some national attention we typically don't have this time of year," Buster-Williams said.
The national conversation about the NIU football team hasn't been all positive. A recent SportsNation poll on ESPN's website shows 60 percent of people think NIU does not deserve a BCS bowl bid. The poll received 202,441 votes.
Student ambassador and NIU senior Pettee Guerrero disagrees.
"They put out a lot of hard work ... we belong there. We won every game we were supposed to," she said.
As an ambassador, Guerrero gives tours to prospective students. She said some of them are not really interested in the football team, "but towards the end of the semester, all they wanted to talk about was our football team."
It is that interest that Buster-Williams uses when talking about NIU with other schools that have earned high profile bowl berths. The Flutie Effect, named for Doug Flutie of Boston College and his game-winning touchdown pass in 1984, is a phenomenon in which a college receives more applications after their football team's success.
Buster-Williams said the Flutie Effect will likely impact the university in academic year 2014-15. History shows that colleges see a slight bump the year after bowl bids, but it is the year after when it will have a bigger impact, she said.
"It's exciting, but I think we're prepared," Buster-Williams said. "The admissions office is prepared to manage whatever comes our way in terms of volume."
All through fall, the Office of Admissions has seen strong interest, Buster-Williams said. Despite some negative news – the "coffee fund" scandal, the shake-up of the NIU police department, and freshman David Bogenberger's death – students kept applying to the university.
The deadline for high school students applying to NIU for academic year 2013-14 is Aug. 1.
NIU will continue to accept ticket orders for the Orange Bowl game through the NIU Athletics Ticket Office through Sunday.


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ROCHESTER — A man was sent to a Boston medical facility Thursday after being injured in a fire that destroyed his garage and antique pickup truck.
The fire at 36 Railroad Ave. started around 1:03 p.m., while the homeowner was draining the gas tank of his antique pickup truck into a gas container, which was sitting on the ground, said Fire Marshal Dominick Bellio. He said fire officials believe that static electricity ignited the gasoline vapors, causing a flash fire that quickly evolved and engulfed the garage.
While the man left the garage fairly quickly, running inside his home, he suffered second-degree burns on his arms and first-degree burns on his face, said Bellio.
When the Fire Department arrived to the scene, the single-bay garage was engulfed in flames. Fire Assistant Chief Mark Dupuis said firefighters could see a smoke stack coming from the garage while fire officials were in downtown, on their way to the scene.
The homeowner, who was by himself at the Railroad Avenue home when the fire occurred, was first transported to Frisbie Memorial Hospital. He was then taken by ambulance to a burn center in Boston, said Bellio.
Fire officials are not releasing the identity of the fire victim.
Dupuis said that to his knowledge, the man's injuries are not believed to be life-threatening.
Bellio said the injuries to the man's face are similar to a "bad sunburn," and are not expected to leave permanent damage. The second-degree burns on his arms were the reason he was transported to a Boston facility, he said.
The garage and the pickup truck in the garage were destroyed in the one-alarm blaze. The vehicle was a fully restored antique pickup truck from the early 1970s, said Bellio.
He said that a neighboring house also received damage from the fire, including melted siding and broken windows. The home where the fire began also sustained melted siding and broken windows.
Bellio estimated that Thursday's blaze caused about $50,000 worth of damage, including the value of the garage, the pickup truck, and equipment and tools in the garage.
The homeowner, said Bellio, had two vehicles in the driveway when the fire began; after the fire ignited, the homeowner moved his two cars, as well as his two dogs, away from the house.
The fire took less than a half-hour to bring under control. Fire officials were on scene until about 3 p.m.
Dover Fire Department provided assistance on scene. While Durham Fire Department was initially called to assist as well, the call got canceled because of the small size of the garage, said Dupuis. Dover and Somersworth fire departments also provided station coverage for Rochester during the incident.
Investigation behind the fire has been concluded.


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by Keegan
Nyan Cat Costume Photo 2 of 4
Rate this costume:
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|Costumes for Women
This homemade costume for women entered our 2011 Halloween Costume Contest.
A word from Sarah, the 'Nyan Cat' costume creator:
I am the internet meme/cartoon Nyan Cat! It's handmade costume of the infamous gray cat with a Poptart body flying through space with a rainbow! I made the poptart out of felt, used a rainbow... Read more »
Similar costumes:


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New Mexico Trail Wheeling - Jaws Of Death
Does The Trail Live Up To The Name?
As winter was setting in, many of our favorite trails were getting too cold or wet to traverse. New Mexico experienced an unusually warm autumn, though, so we met up with members of the New Mexico Virtual Jeep Club for some trail action. Our destination was a trail called Jaws of Death. The history is just as colorful as the name, which comes from two distinct obstacles that are barely wide enough for a Jeep and stick up like shark's teeth from the ground.
The trail was originally discovered a dozen years ago, when a member of the New Mexico 4-Wheelers was searching by air for a downed helicopter. He spotted the canyon and noted its location, returning by land with fellow Jeepers. Finding the trail is still a challenge today and requires navigating 18 miles of dusty two-track through remote cattle land. Apparently, few Jeepers ever make the trek, as the trail looks nearly unused.
The trip is worth it, as you are rewarded with excellent rockcrawling and breathtaking views of classic New Mexico scenery. Jaws of Death starts down a sandstone canyon that gets taller and narrower as you continue. The terrain is similar to Las Cruces, with easy arroyos interrupted by rock ledges of varying heights. It's necessary to come back up the ledges to get out of the canyon; some spots are easier, with gravity on your side, while others are harder. After traversing five of these ledges, you arrive at the signature Jaws obstacles.
We chose to have lunch at this location before turning around and heading out the same way we came in. The trail continues on and gets worse from this point, but with the short winter days, we did not have time to play in the big rocks. While it would have been fun, our feelings were not hurt, as we now have an excuse to return to Jaws of Death in the future.
For more info on trail rides in the area, check out the New Mexico 4-Wheelers' and New Mexico Virtual Jeep Club's Web sites (nm4w.org and nmvjc.org, respectively).


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As people in Los Angeles await word on the sale of the Anschutz Entertainment Group, the NFL doesn't sound too enthusiastic about the firm's plan to build a downtown stadium.
Less than six months after the L.A. city council voted unanimously to support AEG's plan, the concept is essentially dead to the NFL, according to two sources. The problems with the plan are numerous, but the most essential one is the economics.
http://sports.yahoo.com/news/nfl--sourc ... 59874.html


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Story highlights
- The avalanche was rated 2.5 on a 1 to 5 scale of severity and danger
- Two friends were able to dig the victim out, but he was declared dead at the scene
- The three were on a back-country trek near Revelstoke in British Columbia
A 38-year-old skier died after being caught in an avalanche in Canada's Glacier National Park, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police said.
The skier and two companions were on a back-country trek Sunday near Revelstoke in British Columbia when the victim separated from his companions to test conditions at the base of a ridge, the RCMP said.
An avalanche that the Canadian Avalanche Centre later ranked at 2.5 on its 1 to 5 scale of increasing severity and danger buried the lone skier. His friends were able to dig him out, and one stayed with the man to attempt CPR while the other skied for help, the RCMP said.
When rescuers arrived at the scene, the victim was not responding and was declared dead at the scene, Canadian authorities said.
The victim's name had not been released Monday, but authorities said he was a resident of the area near the national park.


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The event is OPEN TO THE PUBLIC
so anyone can shop
and everyone can save!
See the sale schedule below
and get your FREE ticket.
50-90% off Retail
Shop the biggest selection of kids' items for Prince William families all under one roof.
The event will feature clothing for boys and girls from infant to teens, shoes, baby equipment, strollers, maternity items, infant necessities, room decor, ride on toys, books, games, puzzles, sporting equipment, toys and MORE!
We accept cash, debit cards, Visa®, Mastercard® and Discover® credit cards for payment.
Schedule to be published
Battlefield SportsPlex
6966 Wellington Road | Bldg 2
Manassas, VA 20109
Monique S
December 11, 2019
"LOVED, LOVED, LOVED having the sale at the Fairgrounds! My sales were so much better! But...there was too much summer stuff that made it's way to the racks. Not T-shirts and gym shorts but sun dresses and the like. Otherwise a GREAT SALE!!!"
Pamela D
October 09, 2019
Well organized
Reanna C
October 02, 2019
"Close to home, friendly staff "
You can email Michelle from the Prince William Team!
Hi, I'm Michelle and a Mom of two and I am the coordinator for the JBF Prince William and the Eastern Fairfax sales.
Our goal is to help Moms and Dads just like you. We understand that kids grow fast, so we create a community marketplace twice a year, where families can sell all the things their kids are no longer using and shop thousands of name brand items at 50-90% off retail.
We help you save money, clear the clutter, and provide for your family at JBF Eastern Fairfax.
Thank you for joining us and we CAN'T WAIT to see you at our next sale!


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Economy, finance and the euro publications
Economy, finance and the euro publications are prepared by the European Commission's Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs. Publications are divided into four series.
Institutional papers are reports analysing the economic situation and economic developments, which serve to underpin economic policy-making by the European Commission, the Council of the European Union and the European Parliament.
Economic briefs inform discussion on economic policy and stimulate debate.
Discussion papers increase awareness of the technical work being done by staff and seek comments and suggestions for further analysis.
Technical papers are reports and data compiled by the staff of the Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs.
Publications issued before July 2015 can be found in this archive.


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Jefferson County Community Ministries (JCCM) provides county residents with emergency assistance; however, the current focus at JCCM is to help guide our clients to a path of self-sufficiency. We continue to expand the programs and services offered to support this transition with case management, education sessions, and one-on-one mentoring. Educational sessions at JCCM include coaching on: Budgeting, Job skills, Health and Wellness, and more.
Our motto at JCCM is "Neighbors Helping Neighbors"
Summer Feed to Achieve
We are in need of food for lunch and breakfast bags for children in Jefferson County. Every Friday, we supply "food to go" bags for the weekend.
The food bags will include: main dish, snack/side for lunch, fruit or fruit cup, drinks, dessert, and breakfast item
Register for Volunteer Orientation
Learn about Jefferson County Community Ministries
and become part of the JCCM team to help our community.
Food Pantry Hours
Monday through Friday
9:00 am to 12:00 pm
Last Saturday of the month
9:00 am to 12:00 pm
Clothing Closet Hours
Monday through Friday
9:00 am to 12:00 pm
Last Saturday of the month
9:00 am to 12:00 pm
Catholic Charities
Office Hours at JCCM
9am – 12pm
The Unseen
In this installment of The Unseen we focus on one of our many volunteers who work tirelessly to help those in need. The work Dr. Dave does for the community is visible, but the true care he provides lies in the often the unseen act of friendship.
View other episodes of The Unseen on the JCCM YouTube Channel.
Latest Happenings
A Day in the Life
Take a minute to see what an afternoon at the food pantry looks like.
Getting Healthy
Learn about JCCM's move towards helping their clients get healthier through better food choices.
Be the change you want to see in the world
The greatest good you can do for another is not just share your riches, but reveal to him his own.
What volunteers bring is the human touch, the individual, caring approach that no government program, however well-meaning and well-executed, can deliver.


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Log in to your classified account to post positions vacant and concerts.
Important notice: We've made some security changes to the Classifieds service. Access is now only possible through the primary account holder's email address. If you were accessing your account as an additional 'authorised user' please contact your primary account holder - the person who set up the account originally.
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Enter your email address to recover your password. You may need to check your spam folder or unblock email@example.com.