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A mava cake is a cardamom-scented delicacy popularized and sold almost exclusively by the wonderful Irani restaurants of Bombay.
These restaurants, unique little bakeries and eateries opened by Iranian immigrants who came to the city in the 19th century, were usually corner joints housed in grand old British-era buildings.
In Andheri, a suburb of Bombay where I grew up, there were two just outside the railway station. When we were children, my father would treat my brother and I to a quick snack of warm-from-the-oven bun-muska (a sweet bun slathered with Amul butter) after we'd taken the train back from visiting relatives or friends.
Many of the city's better-known Irani restaurants were in South Bombay: Kyani's, Bastani's, Yazdani's, Sassanian's… You could almost describe them as the city's first fast-food joints but that wouldn't do them justice because although the food arrived fast, the atmosphere was anything but rushed.
In fact, time seemed to slow down inside an Irani restaurant. They were usually spacious and airy with at least two wide doorways– said to be designed to keep up a smooth flow of people exiting and entering the restaurant. The floors were marble, the tables were round and marble-topped with a wooden base, and the wooden chairs were straightbacked and fragile-looking. Rumor had it that the chairs were deliberately designed to be uncomfortable to keep diners from sitting too long.
Inside, tacked on to one of the many mirrors on the walls, would be an amusing list of do nots: Do not comb hair, do not spit, do not talk politics…. Sometimes, also tacked to the mirrors, would be pictures of Zoroastrian gods.
Despite the chairs, people tended to linger. The food was invariably cheap and no, nobody really cared if you did talk politics. In fact, a popular pastime for older residents would be to go to the local Irani restaurant first thing in the morning, order a cup of tea, and discuss the morning newspaper to every last detail, often with the restaurant owner at the cashier's counter.
Your order was always taken by one of the matter-of-fact waiters (always male) with a pencil tucked behind his ear and an elephant's memory for everything you ordered. The special sweet, thick, milky tea could be had paani kam (with less water) so it would be sweeter and thicker and milkier. Or you could order Market, an unusual mix of tea and coffee. Or a plate of salty, layered, crispy khari biscuits or sweet, buttery, melt-in-the-mouth Shrewsberry biscuits. Mutton patties and chicken patties. Slim sandwiches of white buttered bread with pieces of boiled meat inside. Or the ultimate decadence– a dish of pastries filled with all kinds of cupcakes and cakes, including the wonderful mava cake. You could take what you liked, and the bill would be written up only for the pastries you ate.
When you were ready to go, you always paid the cashier, never the waiter. At the cashier's counter, you could also order slabs of brun paav, a hard-crusted roll, or other fresh-baked breads. The warm rolls would be wrapped in a newspaper before being handed to you. Desi, who lived in Dhobi Talao for a few years, remembers buying brun paav each morning from Kyani's and dunking a roll into hot tea for a delicious breakfast.
Behind the cashier would be rows of large glass jars filled with all sorts of baked biscuits (cookies) and other goodies that you could order by weight. Desi and I never failed to pick up a few mava cakes shaped like mini loaves and always fresh baked. The scent alone was deeply satisfying, although nothing compared to the experience of biting into one. The cakes were dense and rather textured, as I remember, and not as fluffy and light as cakes usually are. The fragrance of cardamom combined with the rich sweetness of the cake was intoxicating.
Unfortunately, like a lot of good things, Irani restaurants are fast fading from Bombay's landscape. Most have been replaced by fast-food joints, pizza takeouts and pubs. The last time I was in Andheri, I saw at least one of the Irani restaurants outside the railway station had given way to a McDonald's with the same yellow arches and the same old food you can find almost anywhere in the world. What could be sadder?
Bastani's, an institution for many Bombayites, closed its doors a year or so ago. Apparently, fewer than 25 Irani restaurants remain in the city, down from more than 400 in the 1950s. To those who remember a gentler, kinder Bombay, it is truly the end of an era of great eating.
Since I left Bombay, I've missed the mava cake probably more than most other foods from back home that I don't easily find here. And although in the past I could still eat a mava cake– or a dozen– when I visited the city, things changed drastically when I went vegan. Because the main ingredient in the mava cake, the one that gives it its unique flavor, is the mava, or a reduction of milk, which of course is a no-no for me.
Making a vegan mava cake, then, became almost an obsession. I tried to substitute the mava with different proportions of tofu, but I was never too happy with the results because the tofu always left the cake a tad too moist, although the taste was pretty good. Then, one day, I had a brainwave– vegan cream cheese!
Although vegan cream cheese is not made with dairy, it has a lot of the flavor of regular cream cheese and, I thought, it'd make a great substitute for mava.
The result was pretty delicious and the flavor pretty close, although I'll be the first to say that the cake was lighter and fluffier than a typical mava cake, simply because I used my usual cupcake recipe as a base. The next time I might try it with a pound cake recipe, because the denser texture of a pound cake resembles a mava cake more closely.
I also shaped my mava cakes as cupcakes because I didn't have any mini loaf pans, and they looked pretty darn cute.
So here it is, the recipe of a labor of love. I've also shared with you pictures of one of South Bombay's Irani joints, Sassanian's, which we went to the last time we were in the city. The owner and his sister (left and above) told us they were having a hard time holding on in the face of competition from the dozens of fast-food chains that have descended on the city since India opened its economy in the 1990s, and which younger Bombayites find more attractive.
But I, for one, cannot imagine a Bombay without one of these cute corner eateries where one could never spend enough time with friends, where the food was always delicious and the prices always low. Here's to all those amazing Irani restaurants– and here's hoping they survive!
Mava Cake
- 1 1/3 cups unbleached all-purpose flour
- 1 tsp powdered cardamom
- 1 tsp baking powder
- 1/2 tsp baking soda
- 3/4 cup sugar
- 3/4 cup soy milk + 1/2 tsp balsamic vinegar. Mix and set aside to curdle for a few minutes
- 1/4 cup vegan cream cheese , like Tofutti, at room temperature.
- 1/2 cup or 8 tbsp vegan butter like Earth Balance , also at room temperature.
- 2 tsp pure vanilla extract
- In a bowl, sift together the flour, baking powder, baking soda and mix well. Add the cardamom powder and mix. Set aside.
- In another bowl, with a hand mixer or a stand mixer set to medium speed, cream the vegan butter and the sugar until light and fluffy, for no more than 2 minutes. Add the cream cheese and beat until just mixed. Do not overbeat.
- Add the vanilla extract.
- Add the flour mixture in three batches alternating with the soymilk, beating in well after each addition so there are no lumps. Scrape down the bowl after each addition.
- Line 10 cups of a standard-sized muffin pan with cupcake liners. Divide the batter equally among the cups, filling each cup about 2/3rds.
- Bake in a preheated 350-degree oven about 25-28 minutes until a toothpick inserted in the center comes out clean.
- Cool on a rack. Mava cakes are never frosted, so all you have to do now is eat it. Enjoy!
This mava cake, a uniquely Indian treat, goes to It's A Vegan World: Indian, started right here at Holy Cow! and hosted this month by Graziana of Erbe in cucina.
I wanted to apologize to anyone who missed me for my rather slow blogging schedule this last week. I got sick and although I had every intention of putting up this mava cake post a couple of days back, my congested head said otherwise. Anyway, better late than never. Thanks for your patience!


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|Oracle® Fusion Middleware Reference for Oracle Security Developer Tools
11g Release 1 (11.1.1)
Part Number E10037-04
|PDF · Mobi · ePub
XML security refers to standard security requirements of XML documents such as confidentiality, integrity, message authentication, and non-repudiation. The need for digital signature and encryption standards for XML documents prompted the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) to put forth an XML Signature standard and an XML Encryption standard.
This chapter describes key features and benefits of Oracle XML Security, and explains how to set up your environment to use Oracle XML Security.
This chapter contains these topics:
About Element Wrappers in the Oracle Security Developer Tools XML APIs
See Also:
The following resources provide more information about XML and XML standards:
W3C's Recommendation for XML Signatures
W3C's Recommendation for XML Encryption
Links to these resources are available in Appendix A, "References".
Oracle Security Developer Tools provide a complete implementation of XML Signature and XML Encryption specification.
Oracle Security Developer Tools provide a complete implementation of the XML Signature and XML Encryption specifications, and support these algorithms:
Signature Algorithms
DSA with SHA1
RSA with SHA1
Digest Algorithms
Canonicalization – Canonical XML 1.0, Canonical XML 1.1, exclusive Canonical XML 1.0, (all forms are supported with and without comments)
XPath Filter
XPath Filter 2.0
Base64 Decode
Enveloped Signature
Decrypt Transform
Data Encryption Algorithms
AES-128 in CBC mode
AES-192 in CBC mode
AES-256 in CBC mode
DES EDE in CBC mode
Key Encryption and Key Wrapping Algorithms
RSAES-OAEP-ENCRYPT with MGF1
AES-128 Key Wrap
AES-192 Key Wrap
AES-256 Key Wrap
DES-EDE Key Wrap
Links to these standards are available in Appendix A, "References".
This section describes the Oracle XML Security API.
About the Examples in this Chapter
This chapter contains several sections with instructions and examples of API usage.
The following sections are specific to the Oracle XML Security API:
Section 8.7, "About Element Wrappers in the Oracle Security Developer Tools XML APIs"
Section 8.8, "How to Sign Data with the Oracle XML Security API"
Section 8.9, "How to Verify Signatures with the Oracle XML Security API"
Section 8.10, "How to Encrypt Data with the Oracle XML Security API"
Section 8.11, "How to Decrypt Data with the Oracle XML Security API"
The Oracle Security Developer Tools are installed with Oracle WebLogic Server in
System Requirements
In order to use Oracle XML Security, you must have JDK 5 or higher.
CLASSPATH Environment Variable
Make sure the following items are included in your
osdt_xmlsec.jar (This is the main jar containing all the Oracle XML Security classes.)
org.jaxen_1.1.1.jar, which is located in
Oracle XML Security relies on the Jaxen XPath engine for XPath processing.
Using the Oracle Security Developer Tools Oracle XML Security API, you can sign an XML document, a fragment of an XML document, or some binary data. This section explains the concepts behind data signing.
The basic steps are as follows:
Identify what to sign and where to place the signature.
Decide on a signing key.
See Also:
For details of data signing with the Oracle XML Security APIs, see Section 8.8 through Section 8.11.
The first step is to identify the data that you need to sign and where your signature will be placed.
The most common case of signing is when you are signing a part of a document, and the signature is also placed in the same document. For this you need to decide how you refer to that part. The simplest way is to use an ID, for example:
<myDoc> <importantInfo xml:id="foo1"> ... </importantInfo> <dsig:Signature> ... <dsig:Reference URI="#foo1"> ... </dsig:Signature> </myDoc>
In this example myDoc is the entire document, of which you only want to sign the
<importantInfo> element, and the signature is placed right after the
<importantInfo> element. The
<importantInfo> has an
xml:id attribute, which the Signature uses to refer to it.
xml:id is a generic identifying mechanism.
If your schema does not allow you to add this attribute to your
<importantInfo> element, you can instead use an Xpath to refer to it.
This example uses a "disjoint" signature where the signature and element to be signed are completely separate.
There are two other ways of signing "enveloped":
where the signature element is the child/descendant of the element to be signed, and
"enveloping" where the signature element is a parent/ancestor of the element to be signed.
Example of Enveloped Signing
<myDoc> <importantInfo xml:id="foo1"> ... <dsig:Signature> ... <dsig:Reference URI="#foo1"> ... <Transform Algorithm="...enveloped-signature"> ... </dsig:Reference> ... </dsig:Signature> ... </importantInfo> </myDoc>
When you use enveloped signature, you must use the
EnvelopedSignatureTransform to exclude the signature itself from the signature calculation, otherwise the very act of generating a signature changes the content of the
importtantInfo element, and the verification will fail.
It is also possible to sign binary data. To do this you must make the binary data available through a URI. Oracle XML Security allows any URIs that can be resolved by the JDK, such as http:, file:, and zip: URIs.
You need to create a separate XML document which will hold the
Signature element, and this signature will refer to the binary data using this URI.
Indeed you can sign XML data using this mechanism as well, provided your XML data can be accessed by a URI. But for XML you can decide to either treat it as binary data and sign as is, or apply canonicalization and sign as XML. To apply canonicalization you need to add a canonicalization transform.
If your binary data is present as a base64 encoded string in your XML document, you can use an ID-based or an Xpath-based reference to it, and then use a
Base64DecodeTransform to decode the data and sign the binary.
<myDoc> <importantBinaryData xml:id="foo1"> XJELGHKLasNDE12KL= </importantBinaryData> <dsig:Signature> ... <dsig:Reference URI="#foo1"> ... <Transform Algorithm="...base64"> ... </dsig:Reference> ... </dsig:Signature> </myDoc>
External URI dereferencing can be very insecure. For example, say you are running Oracle Security Developer Tools code inside a server, and you verify an incoming message; if this message has an external URI reference, it is essentially causing your server to read from the file or from external web sites. This can lead to denial of service attacks and cross-site scripting.
This is why External URI dereferencing is disabled by default. You need to set the JVM property
osdt.allow.externalReferences (or set
osdt.allow.all) to allow external URI dereferencing.
You can include multiple XML fragments into the same signature. For example, you can have two ID-based references, and include both of them in the same signature. Or you can use an Xpath expression which resolves to multiple subtrees.
You can also mix and match local ID-based references with remote URI references, and have all of them in the same signature.
In fact it is recommended that you include multiple parts into the same signature to cryptographically bind them together; for example, if you are using an XML signature to sign a purchase order approval, you must include the items that are being purchased, the user who approved it, and time it was approved, all in the same signature. If you forget to include the user, somebody can potentially steal this message, change the user name, resubmit it, and the signature will still verify.
Once you have decided what to sign, and how to reference it, you need to decide on a signing key. Options include:
Use a X509Certificate.
This is the most common mechanism. You sign with the private key, and anybody who has your public key can verify with it.
Use a raw asymmetric signing key, like a DSA, RSA, or DH key.
When you are signing with an X509certificate, you are in fact signing with the DSA/RSA/DH signing key that is associated with the certificate. You can also sign with DSA/RSA/DH signing key that is not associated with any certificate, although there is no good reason for doing so.
Use a symmetric key.
You can also do HMAC signing with a symmetric key. This is useful when you and the verifier already share a symmetric key; it could be a key derived from a password, or it could be from a kerberos system which uses symmetric keys. The Oracle Security Developer Tools WS Security APIs provide explicit APIs for password-based keys and kerberos keys.
The key exchange needs to happen out of band. For example, if you signing with a certificate, the receiver should already be set up with the trust points, so that the receiver can verify your certificate. Or if you are signing with a symmetric key, the receiver should already know this symmetric key. The XML Signature specification does not define this initial key exchange mechanism.
You also need to provide a hint to the receiver so that it knows how to verify your signature. This will be in the
<dsig:KeyInfo> tag inside the
<dsig:Signature>. This can be accomplished in different ways:
You can provide no hint at all. This perfectly acceptable, if you have already communicated the key to the receiver, and the receiver is expecting all signatures to be signed by this key. However this is not a likely situation.
When signing with an
X509Certificate, you can provide one or more of the following:
The entire
X509Certificate. This is the most common usage.
Subject DN of the certificate – This is useful when the receiver has access to a LDAP directory, and it can look up the certificate based on the DN.
SubjectKeyIdentifier or the IssuerDN/Serial number pair – This is useful when the receiver is only expecting a signatures from a set of certificates, and it every time it has to verify a signature, it can loop over all the certificates and find the one with matching SKI or
When signing with a raw asymmetric key, you can provide the actual values of the RSA/DSA/DH public key. This is not recommended as the receiver cannot verify the key; alternatively, if you include the certificate, the receiver can do PKIX processing and verify it; that is, the receiver can check for certificate validity and check against an OCSP or CRL.
When signing with a symmetric key, you can provide a key name. This is just a string that conveys some information that the receiver can use to retrieve/construct the symmetric key.
This section explains the concepts behind data verification.
Once you understand how to create a signature, you can use similar steps to verify the signature. The basic steps are as follows:
Search for the signature element, and check what was signed
When you first search for the signature element in the XML document. Oracle XML Security provides a method (put in link here) to list the elements included in this signature. Verify that those are the elements you were expecting to be signed.
Fetch the verification key
Next identify the key with which the signature was signed. To do this, examine the
<dsig:KeyInfo> for the certificate, raw public key, or symmetric key that should be used for verification.
See Also:
For details of data verification with the Oracle XML Security APIs, see
This section explains the concepts behind data encryption.
Using the Oracle XML Security API, you can sign an XML document, a fragment of an XML document or some binary data. The basic steps are as follows:
See Also:
For details of data encryption with the Oracle XML Security APIs, see Section 8.10, "How to Encrypt Data with the Oracle XML Security API".
The most common encryption scenario is to encrypt and replace. When you are encrypting a part of the document, replacing the document with the encrypted bytes.
For example:
<myDoc> <importantInfo> ... </importantInfo> </myDoc>
If you encrypt the importantInfo element, it will look like this:
<myDoc> <xenc:EncryptedData> ... </xenc:EncryptedData> </myDoc>
Here the entire
<importantInfo> and all its contents are replaced by an
EncryptedData element which essentially contains a large base64 string, which is the base64 encoding of the encrypted
<importantInfo> element.
In this mode the
<importantInfo> element is completely hidden, and the receiver has no way of knowing the contents until it is decrypted.
There is also a "Content only" encryption mode where the element tag itself is not encrypted, but all its contents are encrypted.
<myDoc> <importantInfo> <xenc:EncryptedData> ... </xenc:EncryptedData> </importantInfo> </myDoc>
Use the "Content Only" mode if it is appropriate for everyone to know that the
<importantInfo> exists; only the intended party will know how to decrypt and look at the contents of the
<importantInfo> element.
If you are encrypting binary data present as a base64 encoded string, you can encrypt it as if it were regular XML data.
However if you are encrypting external binary data (that is, data outside the XML document), your options depend on where you will store the encrypted data.
Store Externally
One option is to store the encrypted data externally as well. For SOAP Attachments refer to the WS Security SOAP Attachments (insert link) which specifies a mechanism to encrypt attachments and store the encrypted data back as an attachment.
To store the encrypted data externally, you need to use a
xenc:CipherReference, which is a subelement of
xencEncryptedData and uses a URI to refer to the encrypted bytes.
Store Internally
The other option is to store the encrypted bytes inside the
EncryptedData, just as you would with in-place XML encryption.
This is very similar to the task of deciding the signing key (see section Section 8.3.2, "Decide on a Signing Key") except that you never directly encrypt with an asymmetric key. Instead, you usually:
choose a random symmetric key,
encrypt your data with this key,
encrypt this random symmetric key with your asymmetric key, and
send both the encrypted data and encrypted key to the receiver.
Even with a symmetric key, you can still choose to:
generate a random symmetric key,
encrypt this random symmetric key with your symmetric key and
send both the encrypted data key and the encrypted key to the receiver
To use this encrypted key mechanism, you need to decide where to place the
xenc:EncryptedKey in your document.
If you only have one
encryptedData element, place the
EncryptedKey in the
KeyInfo of the
Otherwise, place them separately and have one refer to the other.
Use the
<dsig:KeyInfo> inside the
EncryptedKey to refer to the certificate, asymmetric key, or key name that can be used to decrypt the
Data decryption follows the same process as for data encryption, but in reverse. The basic steps are as follows:
If the data was encrypted with a simple encryption in place, locate the
EncryptedData element and look at its
If it is directly encrypted with a known symmetric key, decrypt it.
Otherwise if it is encrypted with a random symmetric key:
locate the corresponding
decrypt it first, and
use this decrypted random symmetric key to decrypt the
See Also:
For details of data decryption with the Oracle XML Security APIs, see
All the XML-based Oracle Security Developer Tools APIs like Oracle XML Security, Oracle Web Services Security, Oracle SAML, Oracle XKMS, and Oracle Liberty SDK use a wrapper concept.
For each XML element, there is a corresponding Java wrapper class. For example, the
<dsig:Signature> XML element corresponds to the
XSSignature class. All these wrapper classes inherit from
XMLElement, and they contain only one data member, which is the pointer to the corresponding DOM element.
This section shows how to work with wrapper objects in the Oracle Security Developer Tools APIs.
To construct a wrapper object from the DOM element, simply invoke the constructor.
For example:
Element sigElem = (Element)doc.getElementsByTagNameNS(XMLURI.ns_dsig, "Signature").item(0); XSSignature sig = new XSSignature(sigElem);
To construct a Wrapper object when the DOM element does not exist, you can either:
create a DOM element, and use the above method, or
use a newInstance method
XSSignature sig = XSSignature.newInstance(doc, null);
This internally achieves the same ends, that is, it creates a
<dsig:Signature> DOM element, without appending it anywhere, then creates a wrapper object on top of the element. You will need to append this element somewhere in your document.
For some wrapper classes, there is no
newInstance method and you need to call a constructor that takes the document object.
XSSignedInfo sigInfo = new XSSignedInfo(doc, null);
Another way to create the wrapper object from the element is to call the
XMLUtils.getInstance method:
XSSignature sig = (XSSignature)XMLUtils.getInstance(sigElem);
The Oracle Security Developer Tools APIs internally maintain a table associating element names to wrapper class names. The
XMLUtils.getInstance uses this table to invoke the appropriate constructor and return an instance of that wrapper class.
The underlying DOM element is readily available. All wrapper classes extend from
XMLElement which provides a method,
XMLElement.getElement(), to get the underlying DOM element.
Whenever there are complex elements containing a hierarchy of subelements, there will also be an equivalent hierarchy of wrapper objects. For example, suppose you have an incoming document containing a signature:
<dsig:Signature> <dsig:SignedInfo> <dsig:CanonicalizationMethod ... /> ... <dsig:SignedInfo> <dsig:SignatureValue>..</dsig:SignatureValue> ... </dsig:Signature>
Most of these elements have a corresponding wrapper class, such as
dsig:Signature -> XSSignature, dsig:SignedInfo -> XSSignedInfo, dsig:SignatureValue -> XSSignatureValue and so on.
But when you construct the
XSSignedInfo object from the
dsig:Signature DOM element, it does not construct any of the child objects, in fact it does not even look at any of the child elements. The new
XSSignature(sigElem) is a quick call which simply creates an object with the data member pointing to the
sigElem. The child objects are created every time. So when you call
XSSignature.getSignedInfo() it searches the child elements of
dsig:Signature to find the
dsig:SignedInfo element, constructs a wrapper object on that element, and returns it.
This wrapper object is not stored anywhere. So if you invoke
XSSignature.getSignedInfo() again, it does the same thing, returning a different instance of the
SignedInfo object; however both these objects point to the same DOM element, so they behave exactly the same way even though they are different instances.
Remember that the DOM is the source of truth, while the wrapper objects are throwaway objects. The
get methods always create new wrapper objects, and if you modify the underlying DOM, the wrapper objects always see the most recent changes.
Consider the same example as before, but now instead of the signature present in an incoming document, you want to create a document containing a signature and send this document to someone.
<dsig:Signature> <dsig:SignedInfo> ... <dsig:SignedInfo> ... </dsig:Signature>
To construct this complex element, you need to create individual wrapper objects and assemble them using
set methods.
For example:
XSSignature sig = XSSignature.newInstance(doc, null); XSSignedInfo sigInfo = new XSSignedInfo(doc, null); sig.setSignedInfo(sigInfo);
Remember that the DOM is always the source of truth; the set methods do not store or copy the passed-in wrapper object, they just modify the underlying DOM.
So in this case the
setSignedInfo gets the
dsig:SignedInfo element, and makes that a child of the
dsig:Signature element. So after invoking
setSignedInfo(sigInfo), if you do
sigInfo = null, it will not affect anything.
Finally you need to insert the top-level object somewhere into your DOM:
This section describes techniques for signing data with the Oracle XML Security APIs.
To create a detached signature like this:
<myDoc> <importantInfo xml:id="foo1"> ... </importantInfo> <dsig:Signature> ... <dsig:Reference URI="#foo1"> ... </dsig:Signature> </myDoc>
You need to do this:
// assume you have your data set up in doc Document doc = ... Element impElem = ... // Now put an ID on the importantInfo element impElem.setAttributeNS(XMLURI.ns_xml, "xml:id", "foo1"); // Then get the signing key and certificate from // somewhere – e.g. you can load them from a keystore PrivateKey signKey = ... X509Certificate signCert = ... // Create the Signature object XSSignature sig = XSSignature.newInstance(doc, null); // Create the SignedInfo object // Normally you should use exclusive canonicalization // alg_exclusiveC14N // Depending on the type of your private key DSA or RSA // use dsaWithSHA1 or rsaWithSHA1 XSSignedInfo sigInfo = sig.createSignedInfo( XMLURI.alg_exclusiveC14N, XMLURI.alg_rsaWithSHA1, null) sig.setSignedInfo(sigInfo); // Create a Reference object to the importantInfo element // You need to specify the id which you set up earlier, // and also a digestMethod XSReference ref = sig.createReference(null, "#foo1", null, XMLURI.alg_sha1); sigInfo.addReference(ref); // Create an exclusive c14n Transform object // If you do not add this transform object, it will use // inclusive by default XSAlgorithmIdentifier transform = new XSAlgorithmIdentifier(doc, "Transform", XMLURI.alg_exclusiveC14n); ref.addTransform(transform); // Create a KeyInfo object XSKeyInfo keyInfo = sig.createKeyInfo(); sig.setKeyInfo(keyInfo); // Create an X509Data element for your signingCert, inside // this keyingo X509Data x509 = keyInfo.createX509Data(signingCert); keyInfo.addKeyInfoData(x509); // Everything is setup, now do the actual signing // This will actually do all the canonicalization, // digesting, signing etc sig.sign(signKey, null); // Finally insert the signature somewhere in your document doc.getDocumentElement().appendChild(sig.getElement());
After creating a child Wrapper object, you must call a set or add method to put it in its parent, and also remember to insert the top level
Signature object into your document.
Variations on the basic signing procedure include multiple references, enveloped signatures, XPath expressions, certificate hints, and HMAC key signing.
To include multiple references in a signature, simply add more
XSReference objects to the
XSSignedInfo object. Each
XSReference object needs its own list of transforms.
To use an enveloped signature, add the enveloped signature transform to the reference. This means inserting the following code just before the code that adds the exclusive transform:
XSAlgorithmIdentifier transform1 = new XSAlgorithmIdentifier(doc, "Transform", XMLURI.alg_envelopedSignature); ref.addTransform(transform1);
To use an XPath expression instead of an ID-based reference, pass in an empty string instead of "#foo1" for the URI parameter of
createReference, then add an XPath transform to the
Reference as the first transform.
String xpathExpr = "ancestor-or-self:importantInfo"; Element xpathElem = doc.createElementNS(XMLURI.ns_dsig, "dsig:XPath"); xpathElem.appendChild(doc.createTextNode(xpathExpr); XSAlgorithmIdentifier transform2 = new XSAlgorithmIdentifier(doc, "Transform", XMLURI.alg_xpath); transform2.addParameter(xpathElem); ref.addTransform(transform2);
If you do not want to include the entire certificate in the key info, but only a hint to the certificate, use the no-argument form of
XSKeyInfo.createX509Data() and call one of the methods
addSubjectName, or
TO sign with an HMAC key, instead of signing with an RSA or DSA private key, use the
XSSignature.sign(byte[] secret,
String sigValueId) method, and pass your HMAC key as the first argument.
Also use a different kind of KeyInfo, such as a KeyName, by calling XSKeyInfo.createKeyName.
This section explains how to verify signatures using the Oracle XML Security APIs.
To verify a signature, first locate the
<dsig:Signature> element in your document, then use it to construct the
XSSignature wrapper object.
Element sigElem = … XSSignature sig = new XSSignature(sigElem);
Next, fetch the
KeyInfo of the signature and examine the key to determine if you trust the signer. There are different ways to deal with the
For very simple cases, you may already know the verification key in advance, and you do not need to look at the
KeyInfo at all.
In most cases, however, you should look at the
KeyInfo. One way is to set up callbacks, so when you call
XSSignature.verify() you call it with no verification key. Internally, the Oracle Security Developer Tools look at the
KeyInfo to see if it invokes a callback to fetch the key.
The other option is to proactively look into the
KeyInfo and determine the key yourself.
If the KeyInfo Contains the Signing Certificate
If you expect the KeyInfo to contain the signing certificate, and you do not already have this certificate, but you have set up the trust points, you just need to set a certificate validator callback.
// Create your certificate validator CertificateValidator myValidator = new CertificateValidator() { public void validateCert(CertPath cp) { // Code to validate the certificate } }; KeyRetriever.setCertificateValidator(myValidator);
The Oracle Security Developer Tools API retrieves the certificate from the
KeyInfo and invokes your callback; if the callback returns
true, it will verify with that certificate.
If the KeyInfo Contains a Hint
If you expect the
KeyInfo to contain only a hint to the signing certificate, that is, the
subjectDN or Issuer
Serial or subject key identifier, write a
KeyRetriever to fetch a certificate from a certificate store given this hint.
If your certificate store is a keystore, a PKCS12 wallet, or a PKCS8 file, you can use one of the built-in retrievers for these types. These retrievers iterate through all the certificates in the keystore or Oracle wallet and find the one which matches the given subjectDN/issuerSerial or SubjectKey.
You can also use this mechanism also if your
KeyInfo contains the entire certificate; the key retriever will simply match the entire certificate.
// Load your keystore KeyStore ks = // Set up a callback against this KeyStore KeyRetriever.addKeyRetriever( new KeyStoreKeyRetriever(ks, passwd));
If these built in retrievers are not suitable, you can write a custom
KeyRetriever by deriving from the
KeyRetriever class; for example you could do this when you expect the
KeyInfo to contain a
subjectDN, and you will look up an LDAP directory to find the certificate for that DN.
KeyRetriever myRetriever = new KeyRetriever() { X509Certificate retrieveCertificate (KeyInfoData keyInfo) { // write code to fetch the certificate from // the certificate store based on keyInfo } PublicKey retrieveCertificate (KeyInfoData keyInfo) { // write code to fetch the PublicKey from // the certificate store based on keyInfo } }; KeyRetriever.addKeyRetriever(myRetriever);
If the signature used the symmetric key, and the
KeyInfo has the keyname of that key, write a custom key retriever which can fetch the symmetric key based on this key name.
The next step is to check if this signature really signs what you were expecting it to sign. The Oracle Security Developer Tools provide an API to return this information:
// XSSignature has be created as mentioned before XSSignature sig = ... // at first locate the element that are expecting // to be signed Element impElem = ... // Now check if the signature really signs this List signedObjects = XMLUtils.resolveReferences(sig); if (signedObjects.size() != 1 || signedObjects.get(0) != impElem { // something is wrong – impElem is not signed by // this signature }
The last step is to actually verify the signature.
If you set up callbacks, then make this call:
boolean result = sig.verify();
You need to check for both a false result and an exception:
sig.verify() returns
false if the signature format is correct, but one of the reference digests does not match, or if the signature does not verify.
sig.verify() throws an exception if there is something wrong in the construction of the signature; for example, if the algorithm names are wrong or signature bytes are not of the right size.
If you did not set up callbacks, and you determined the key by yourself, you must call:
sig.verify(byte[]) for HMAC keys or
sig.verify(PublicKey) for DSA/RSA keys.
This section describes various options for data encryption with Oracle XML Security.
To encrypt and replace the following
<importantInfo> element:
<myDoc> <importantInfo> ... </importantInfo> </myDoc>
you will need to take the following steps:
// Assuming there is a shared symmetric key SecretKey dataEncKey = ... // Create a new XEEncryptedData instance // use either obj_Element or obj_Content depending // on whether you want to encrypt the whole element // or content only XEEncryptedData ed = XEEncryptedData .newInstance(doc, null, XMLURI.obj_Element); // Specify the data encryption method XEEncryptionMethod em = ed.createEncryptionMethod(XMLURI.alg_aes128_CBC); ed.setEncryptionMethod(em); // Create a Keyinfo with a hint to the symmetric key XEKeyInfo ki= ed.createKeyInfo(); ki.addKeyInfoData(ki.createKeyName("MyKey")); ed.setKeyInfo(ki); // Locate the importantInfo element Element impElem = ... // Encrypt the importantInfo element and replace // it with the EncryptedData element XEEncrytedData.encryptAndReplace(impElem, dataEncKey, null, ed);
A Utility Method for Encryption
There is a utility method which performs all these steps:
XEncUtils.encryptElement( impElem, // element to be encrypted false, // true = contentOnly, false = entire element XMLURI.alg_aes128_CBC, // data encryption alg "MyKey" // hint to data key );
In Section 8.10.1, "Encrypt with a Shared Symmetric Key", the example made a simplifying assumption that there was a shared symmetric key. In practice, you usually generate a random symmetric key and encrypt with that key, and then encrypt this random symmetric key with the receiver's public key. Here is how you would do that:
// Load up the encryption certificate of the reciever X509Certificate encCert = ... // Get the reciever's public key from the cert PublicKey keyEncKey = encCert.getPublicKey(); // Then generate a random symmetric key KeyGenerator keyGen = KeyGenerator.getInstance("AES"); keyGen.init(128); SecretKey dataEncKey = keyGen.generateKey(); // Now create an EncryptedKey object XEEncryptedKey = new XEEncryptedKey(doc); // set up the key encryption algorithm XEEncryptionMethod em = ek.createEncryptionMethod(XMLURI.alg_rsaOAEP_MGF1); em.setDigestMethod(XMLURI.alg_sha1); ek.setEncryptionMethod(em); // encrypt the random symmetric key with public key byte[] cipherValue = ek.encrypt(dataEncKey, keyEncKey); // store this cipherValue into ek XECipherData cd = ek.createCipherData(); cd.setCipherValue(cipherValue); ek.setCipherData(cd); // decide on how you would let the receiver know the // the key encryption key. We are putting in the // entire reciever's certificate XEKeyInfo kki = ek.createKeyInfo(); kki.addKeyInfoData(kki.createX509Data(encCert); // Now the encrypted key has been set up, let us // do the data encryption as before XEncUtils.encryptElement( impElem, // element to be encrypted false, // true = contentOnly, false = entire element XMLURI.alg_aes128_CBC, // data encryption alg null // No hint to data key ); // Finally we need to put the EncryptedKey inside the // KeyInfo of the EncryptedData ed.addKeyInfoData(ek);
A Utility Method for Encryption
There is a utility method which performs all these steps:
XEncUtils.encryptElement ( impElem, // element to be encrypted false, // true = contentOnly, false = entire element XMLURI.alg_aes128_CBC, // data encryption alg dataEncKey, // the random symmetric key that we generated XMLURI.alg_rsaOAEP_MGF1, // key encryption alg KeyEncKey, // public key that we got from cert "RecieverCert" // A hint to the certificate );
Notice that this utility method puts KeyName in the EncryptedKey's KeyInfo; if you want to pass X509Data instead, pass null for keyEncKeyName and then add the X509Data yourself:
// use utility method to create EncrytedData XEEncryptedData ed = XEncUtils... // no extract EncryptedKey from it XEEncryptedKey ek = (XEEncryptedKey)ed.getKeyInfo() .getEncryptedKeys().elementAt(0); // Set the keyInfo of the ek XEKeyInfo kki = ek.createKeyInfo(); kki.addKeyInfoData(kki.createX509Data(encCert);
Decryption techniques depend on whether you have a shared symmetric key or use a random symmetric key.
If you have a shared symmetric key, do the following:
// search for the EncryptedData element Element edElem = ... // decrypt the data SecretKey dataDecKey = ... XEEncrytedData.decryptAndReplace(dataDecKey, edElem, true);
This section describes additional classes and interfaces in the Oracle XML Security API.
This interface defines URI string constants for algorithms, namespaces, and objects. It uses the following naming convention:
Algorithm URIs begin with "alg_".
Namespace URIs begin with "ns_".
Object type URIs begin with "obj_".
This section answers frequently asked questions about XML security and about using Oracle XML Security. It addresses these areas:
What is the DER format? The PEM format? How are these formats used?
DER is an abbreviation for ASN.1 Distinguished Encoding Rules. DER is a binary format that is used to encode certificates and private keys. Oracle XML Security SDK uses DER as its native format, as do most commercial products that use certificates and private keys.
Many other formats used to encode certificates and private keys, including PEM, PKCS #7, and PKCS #12, are transformations of DER encoding. For example, PEM (Privacy Enhanced Mail) is a text format that is the Base 64 encoding of the DER binary format. The PEM format also specifies the use of text
BEGIN and
END lines that indicate the type of content that is being encoded.
I received a certificate in my email in a text format. It has several lines of text characters that don't seem to mean anything. How do I convert it into the format that Oracle XML Security uses?
If you received the certificate in your email, it is in PEM format. You need to convert the certificate from PEM (Privacy-Enhanced Mail) format to ASN.1 DER (Distinguished Encoding Rules) format.
How do I use a certificate that is exported from a browser?
If you have exported the certificate from a browser, it is most likely in PKCS #12 format (*.p12 or *.pfx). You must parse the PKCS #12 object into its component parts.
For a discussion of best practices for implementors and users of the XML Signature specification, see:
The Oracle XML Security API (Javadoc) is available at:
Oracle Fusion Middleware XML Security Java API Reference for Oracle Security Developer Tools

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Diemme Ankle Boots
Italian brothers Maico and Dennis Signor founded footwear line Diemme in 1992. The brand's premium leather footwear is crafted in the Montebelluna township of Veneto, Italy, promising only the best of technical and performance shoe production. Women's sneakers and hiking boots come in exquisite, exotic skins from genuine python to luxe calf-hair. Skate culture reverberates each season with sleek reimaginings of the classic slip-on sneaker.


text:
These games teach valuable skills and have a high fun and educational rating.
Your child will learn to identify common geometric shapes such as rectangle, triangle, and circle by playing this game as a mechanic.
Your child improves matching by choosing the correct shape.
Zoodles 11.8.7 Copyright (c) 2014 Inquisitive Minds, Inc. All rights reserved.


text:
Bottle Size
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Be the first to hear about amazing offers and the latest products.
Copyright © 2020 Vape Town. Vape Town, Byroc Ltd, 3 West Street, Leighton Buzzard, Bedfordshire, LU7 1DA
Empire Theme by Pixel Union. Design, development and photography by Prismatic. Powered by Shopify


text:
It was always done at night, and often while drunk - to keep out the cold, and perhaps to dull the horror of the work. With only a few lamps for light, the men would quickly seek out the recent graves. There was much money to be made in the 1700s and 1800s from the sale of fresh corpses. As anatomy increased in importance to European medical practice, the demand for cadavers increased dramatically. Trade was at its most brisk in the winter months, when medical schools were in session and corpses better preserved by the cold.
Robbing a grave could take less than an hour. Using a wooden spade, which made less noise, the earth was moved from the top end of the coffin. Using a crowbar, the coffin lid was then forced open. The body was dragged out, and stripped naked, and the soil returned to the grave. The shroud in which the corpse had been buried was also returned to the grave, because of the popular belief that the body could not be owned, and therefore stolen - meaning that if the shroud was left behind and only the body taken no crime had been committed. This was not a belief shared by judges of the day.
Body-snatchers, resurrectionists, sack-'em-up men: all names for the new profession of grave-robber, and all widely feared by the community. The risk of having a body snatched was greatest for the less wealthy. By the beginning of the 1800s those who could afford it might pay for a mortsafe, an iron cage built over graves, stone vaults or guards, to try and ensure that the corpse would remain undisturbed.
One African American newspaper of the late 1820s, Freedom's Journal, advised its readers on a cheap and easy way to secure the corpse by layering straw between the earth - this would increase the time taken to dig up the grave. Other techniques included delaying burial until the body was no longer suitable for dissection, or hiring nightwatchmen to watch over the graves.
Related Themes and Topics
Related links
J B Bailey, The Diary of a Resurrectionist 1811-1812, to which are added an Account of the Resurrection Men in London and a Short History of the Passing of the Anatomy Act (London: Swan Sonnenschein,1896)
W Moore, The Knife Man (London: Bantam Press, 2005)
R Richardson, Death, Dissection and the Destitute (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2001)
A branch of medical science concerned with the structure of living organisms.


text:
Police arrested Michael Pujol, 33, a TSA baggage screener at Miami International Airport after investigators say he stuffed goods from passengers' luggage inside a hidden pocket in his work jacket which was big enough to conceal something the size of a laptop. in his work jacket, reports The Miami Herald.
This screener may have had a partner-in-crime: His wife, Betsy Pujol Salazar, also was busted.
What did he take?
Find out and get the DUHtails at The Miami Herald.
What's up with TSA workers?
TSA employee lifted more than luggage - like iPads and electronics.
Report: Another TSA worker fired for allegedly pocketing a $450 Montblanc pen
Report: Woman says $24,000 Rolex gone from airport screening belt; Security says, 'What Rolex?'
Photos: Miami-Dade Corrections and Rehabilitation Department
Categories: South Florida (581)


text:
Don't let anything get between your family and fun. Our factory-backed Premier Protection Plans will help prevent unexpected repair bills, so you can get back on the water faster! For a small deductible, these extended plans will cover engines, ignitions, livewells, gauges, stereo systems, air conditioning and much more, depending on which plan you choose. They even help cover towing and hoist/liftout costs! With five plans to choose from, there's sure to be one that will fit your family's every need. We have plans to protect you and your investment with coverage for hundreds of components.
The Protection Plans are available on any new or used boat bought at any Authorized TRACKER Dealer. New boats are available with up to a 7-year plan and used boats can be outfitted with as much as a 3-year plan. And they're even transferable! Depending on your hours of use and how long you plan to keep your boat, we have a protection plan that is just right for you. For more information on the Premier Protection Plans, view the Advantage plan here and the Pro and Pro Plus plans here, or contact us for more information.
Coverage for New Boats Five (5) and Seven (7) year plans.
Coverage for Pre-Owned Boats Three (3) year plans.
When your boat needs servicing, you can take it to any licensed marine repair center throughout the U.S. and Canada.
Quality Service Factory-trained service technicians use the latest diagnostic tools and parts.
Plan Options Various coverage types (Advantage, Pro, Pro Plus) and terms (up to 7 years) match your needs.
Hoist/Liftout The plan will pay up to $75 for the actual cost of hoist/liftout anytime a covered component fails due to a mechanical breakdown or failure.
Towing The plan will pay up to $100.00 for towing anytime a covered component fails due to a mechanical breakdown or failure causing the watercraft/engine to be towed either in the water or on land.
Transfers Upon sale of watercraft/engine, you may transfer the contract to a new owner for a transfer fee of $50.
Cancellations You may cancel your contract at any time. Contact your selling dealer for details. A $25 cancellation fee may apply.
Deductibles All plans subject to a $100 deductible.
For more information, call 1-800-562-6463 or visit our dealership for details.
|Store Hours
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text:
Norwalk Hospital joins Western Connecticut Health Network
Norwalk Hospital: To join Danbury, New Milford in Western Connecticut Health Network
Western Connecticut Health Network, which includes Danbury and New Milford hospitals, moved ahead Tuesday with its plans to affiliate with Norwalk Hospital.
Officials from both Norwalk Hospital and the network signed the formal affiliation agreement Tuesday afternoon in Norwalk.
"We're thrilled," said Dr. John Murphy, president and chief executive officer of the network.
The state Office of Health Care Access and the Federal Trade Commission must now sign off on the agreement.
Until then, Norwalk Hospital and the network are limited in how much they can collaborate, said Dan DeBarba Jr., the president and CEO of Norwalk Hospital.
But they can concentrate on laying the groundwork for their affiliation, he said.
"On Day One, we'll be on the ground running," DeBarba said.
With that approval, the network will expand to serve an area including southern Litchfield County and much of Fairfield County, as well as towns along the Connecticut-New York border. According to the health network, it will offer care to about 620,000 people.
"It will be a pretty big chuck of western Connecticut," DeBarba said.
Combined, the three hospitals will have 784 beds, a staff of 1,300 physicians, and more than 6,000 employees.
Under the reorganization, Murphy will be president and CEO of the entire network. DeBarba will remain president and CEO of Norwalk Hospital and become executive vice president of the network.
Erv Shames, a member of the Norwalk Hospital Board of Trustees, will lead the network's Board of Trustees.
Norwalk Hospital and the health network had announced in April 2011, that they had begun talks aimed at affiliation. They two spent the next eight months in due diligence -- studying each other's financial and operational records to learn if they wanted to proceed with the union.
"We wanted to be very careful," DeBarba said. "Once you enter into an agreement like this, there's no turning back."
The announcement Tuesday mirrors the agreement Danbury and New Milford hospitals reached in July, 2010. Deborah Weymouth now holds the position of chief executive of New Milford Hospital and senior vice president of the network.
The three nonprofit hospitals are joining into a network to allow sharing of services and training, in hopes of offering better and more efficient care at a lower cost.
Because of the changes happening in health care in the United States in general, and with the onset of the Affordable Care Act in 2014, at least half of the state's 31 hospitals are now affiliated with a larger network.
DeBarba said that at the start, the affiliation will provide efficiencies in hospital administration and in purchasing supplies.
But he also said the union of the three hospitals will provide them with access to specialists they might not have on staff.
Murphy said that in some cases doctors with subspecialities might not have enough patients in any one hospital to establish a thriving practice. With all three hospitals cooperating, that becomes more of a possibility, as participating in medical research and trials, Murphy said.
"It could be with cancer, with heart disease, with lupus, with Lyme disease," he said.
Murphy also said the affiliation can benefit if the three hospitals work to establish top-quality standards in medical care across the boards.
"If we can identify best practices, let's share them," he said.
Having a larger network also gives the doctors in all three hospitals greater opportunity for medical education and for sharing in research work. That, in turn, means the network can attract the best doctors to the area.
Having a larger network will also allow the hospitals to withstand some of the changes coming in health care, Murphy said. If, as expected, the federal government cuts funding for teaching hospitals, then being in a larger network will allow Danbury and Norwalk, both teaching institutions, to share resources.
Federal reimbursement for health care soon will move from paying doctors and hospitals for the number of procedures they perform and toward payments based on how well patients do after receiving medical care.
Figuring out how that system will work will take as many good minds as possible, Murphy said.
"There will be a need for intellectual capital," he said.


text:
Alcohol blamed in Omaha collision
Two people suffer serious injuries
Police said they believe alcohol is a factor in a Monday night crash.
Officers were called to the scene at 147th Street and West Maple Road around 10:50 p.m.
According to Omaha police, a Pontiac sedan was heading north on 147th when it collided with a westbound Chevy.
Both drivers were taken to area hospitals with serious, but non-life-threatening injuries.
The driver of the Pontiac, Ryan P. Doyle, 41, was treated for head injuries at Nebraska Medical Center. Doyle faces charges of driving under the influence, failing to yield and no seat belt.
The driver of the Chevy, Mariah J. Christiansen, 21, was treated for head injuries at Lakeside Hospital.
While West Maple Road was closed as part of the investigation, another driver suspected of being intoxicated drove into the accident scene. Troopers said that driver was arrested.


text:
It has been just one week since Mitt Romney lost in his bid for president. And while the defeat is still fresh, the one-time GOP hopeful can still find solace in … TV.
At least that's the message from Roku, the maker of streaming media devices.
The billboard for the company notes: "Cheer Up Mitt! More time to watch TV."
The ad is a risky bet for the tech company. In Democratic-strongholds such as Seattle, it may resonate. But the message could be polarizing to nearly half of the population — the half that supported Romney.
The Huffington Post reports that Roku is spending $10 million on the nationwide campaign, dubbed "Keep Streaming America." It is set to debut in New York, San Francisco, Chicago, Los Angeles, Minneapolis and Seattle.
And just so you don't think Roku has a political axe to grind. The company reportedly created two billboards — one in case Obama lost.
"We didn't care who won the election," Roku spokeswoman Ha Thai told The Hill.


text:
Name a piece "Bachiana" and you invite comparison to two twentieth-century greats: Fokine's Chopiniana, with its nimble-footed sylphs, and Balanchine's swan song, Mozartiana — one of the choreographer's last ballets. Both of these works engage seriously with the music, illuminating its contours, reacting to changes in tone and rhythm.
David Parsons' Bachiana, set to Bach's Orchestral Suite No. 1 and Air on a G String, does none of this. There is, of course, the obligatory nod to the courtliness of the music (in a slow section of the piece, two dancers bow to one another graciously); and there are occasional movements that fit the music comfortably. The partnering is, at times, vaguely witty: in one pas de deux, the delightful Elena D'Amario perches her knees on the shoulders of her partner (Jason MacDonald) and mimics his movements with light gestures of her arms. Overall, though, the piece reads like Paul Taylor Lite (it's a bit like Taylor's Airs, but without the nuance).
Among the pieces presented by Parsons Dance in a recent performance at the Joyce, nearly all had the same problems. Slow Dance and Nascimento lacked coherence: one part of the latter piece (named after its compser) recalled, bizarrely, the opening section of Alvin Ailey's Revelations, when a group of dancers, gathered center stage, raise their light-bathed arms in high "V" positions. Why Parsons chose to allude to this masterpiece (and, indeed, whether he did so knowingly), I do not know: the effect was only to make me wish to be watching the original. (On a related note: Wendy Perron recently wrote a fascinating editorial on dance plagiarism, citing Sarah Michelson's well-received Devotion as an example. Perron and many others have noted the similarities of Devotion to Twyla Tharp's In the Upper Room.)
Other pieces on the program included two world premieres, Parsons' Portinari and Monica Bill Barnes' Love, Oh Love. Portinari, read the program notes, was inspired by the artist Candido Portinari, known for the murals "War" and "Peace" that he painted for the UN. The artist died of lead poisoning (from the paints with which he worked). The piece is, predictably, quite literal: the artist (Miguel Quinones) dances with his work of art (Sarah Braverman) until he dies. At one point there's a column of light that (yes) seems to climb up to the heavens.
I must admit I expected unadulterated sappiness from Barnes' Love, Oh Love. Yet though set to the types of love ballads you might hear at a high school prom, it mostly avoids descending into sentimentality. The ironically stilted way in which the dancers move to music by Richie, Rogers, and Ross, at first delightfully awkward, gets lots of laughs; but it failed to keep me entertained past the first few minutes of the piece.
The highlight of the program was Parsons' Caught, which he created in 1982. Danced on the evening I saw it by Quinones, the piece uses strobe lights to catch the dancer traveling through the air. It sounds gimmicky — and it is, a bit — but the effect is nevertheless mesmerizing. Caught has made it on to youtube, so you can watch it below (though it is somewhat less impressive on a screen than when you are in the theater).


text:
That feeling of being overwhelmed and exhausted, saturated with suffocation by a problem you don't think has any solution can be completely paralyzing. Anger, fear and resentment arrive wrapped in a bow of confusion like the plague without warning. "Do I really have to deal with this right now?"
Pending the discovery of a silver bullet which I have never known to exist for anyone, I think you'll find this little exercise a quick fun fix to turn around any sorrowful perspective into a dazzling vision of hope and joy.
"When the time to perform arrives, the time to prepare has past".
I recently interviewed the founder of Mariposa Magazine, Emily Hahn, and loved her cure for the "stinking thinking" disease we can all occasionally face. I call this type of action "successful sabotage" because you are setting yourself up for success in advance of encountering any inevitable obstacle. Consider it an insurance policy to protect your heart from despair.
Acceptance is imperative. Why? Because understanding you will face people, places and events which can get you a little down now and then, is the foundation of all true freedom. It's OK. Don't worry. It happens to everyone. The brilliance is not in avoiding feelings of pain, but to make sure those hurtful feelings don't become your final destination. Good to begin well, better to end well.
Emily had a really rough childhood as an immigrant to the United States, from language barriers to family dysfunction. She had a tough marriage which ended up in divorce, and difficulty finding financing to complete her education while raising her children alone. It wasn't easy to pick herself up and go on, but she did. (Listen to her story – click here).
During that time of discouragement, she unexpectedly found a job as a waitress, which she very much enjoyed because she loved meeting and serving a variety of new people. The money she earned afforded her the opportunity to complete her college degree, which she then used as a spring board to become a top sales manager at a fortune 500 company.
One day, driving through town, she found herself reflecting on her earlier struggles and how drastically different her life had become (for the better). She was deeply grateful, thanking God to be on the other side of her most horrific pain, when she suddenly recognized the old restaurant. How could she have ever known?
Emily thought how wonderful it would be if she could forever capture that pure moment of peace, success and appreciation. Wouldn't it be amazing if she could bottle that positive energy for safe keeping to recycle on a rainy day? She wanted to wrap herself in that blanket of joy and happiness to never forget.
It was in that moment that she had the idea. Compelled by a strong inspiration, she entered her old establishment to purchase an apron like the one she had worn for so many long hours in days gone by. She wanted to touch that piece of her history that gave her the opportunity to turn her life around.
What happened next was equally as unexpected. She went to her local frame store and had that apron mounted on all four sides like a badge of honor. It was her certificate of authenticity, proof she could live life on life's terms, validation that dreams really can come true.
Today, that framed apron proudly perches in her office as a constant reminder that the bend in the road doesn't have to be the end of the road. She did it once; she can do it again and again and again after that. Her disappoints in life were spiritually transformed into a vehicle of delight. Anything is possible with a little hope, faith, trust and true grit.
Emily Hahn didn't discover an antibiotic to eliminate problems from everyday living, but she most assuredly learned how to inject optimism into every moment of the days she is yet to live.
Like the caterpillar into the butterfly, we often don't see the most beautiful change is happening deep inside our struggle, which births the strength to give us our wings to fly.
Deb Scott, BA, CPC #1 Best-Selling Author in Social Media for Business for "SocialMedia for the Rest of Us: Simple Steps to Understanding & Optimizing Twitter, LinkedIn, Facebook, Google+. Best-Selling Author in Motivation, Self-Help, Transformation and four time award winning author of; The Sky is Green & the Grass is Blue. Top rated best podcaster winner for: The Best People We Know Show, with over 1 million global listeners. Top 1% Kred Social Media Influencer. Deb spent twenty years as a cardiovascular surgical specialist, winning numerous awards for outstanding sales and leadership skills. In her personal life, Deb battled sexual abuse, others' alcoholism, dysfunctional relationships, depression, was the sole caregiver to both her parents who fought cancer to their death, and even experienced financial devastation. Today, Deb helps people turn things around in their business, or the business of living, with the discovery of the amazing you.
Get Deb's FREE ebook: Mind Vitamin Minutes at: DebScott.com


text:
©The Herald-Gazette/barnesville.com: This information may not be reprinted, broadcast or distributed electronically in any form or fashion without express consent. For reprint permission, e-mail [email protected]
From the 1.3.2012 print/e-edition of The Herald-Gazette
By Walter Geiger
Amy Johanna Wright died Christmas Eve, bringing to a close a long, sad saga which began in February 1994.
Wright, who was 22 at the time, apparently resisted advances made by 19-year-old Jamie Smith at a home at 178 Crowder Street where Wright lived with a roommate.
Smith beat and strangled Wright in an upstairs bedroom and apparently thought she was dead.
Amy Wright's struggle comes to an end
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text:
Sa Bieng Lae
Samui is the third largest island in Thailand. This tropical paradise is one the most popular tourist's holiday destinations. Seafood also is the highlights and make dining out a satisfying experience.
We offer traditional fresh seafood and cuisine in Samui people's style. Let come out and enjoy your dining a unique taste on the beach with a nice atmosphere. It can be fulfill your holiday perfect.
About me
Sa Bieng Lae is "The place of Samui traditional foods & cuisine." The restaurant in Samui people's style and food in a unique taste.
We operated since 1990 and running by Mr. Am Nart and his wife. "Sa Bieng" is meaning stored of food and "Lae" is a short wording call the sea. Absolutely is varieties of seafood.
www.maehongson4u.com is travel website to northern Thailand for tourist and trekkers, we dedicate this website to Sa Bieng Lae for infomation about their restaurant and fast fact around Samui.
Location & Map
Sa Bieng Lae is located in the southeast of Koh Samui and close to tourist attractions "Hin Ta and Hin Yai (Grandmother and Grandfather stones)". It's far from Samui Airport 15 Kms. use Route 4169 and head to south. It take about 30 mins. When you go through the entrance of "Hin Ta Hin Yai", the restaurant will be on the left.
These directions are for planning purposes only. You may find directions that differ from the map results, and you should to plan your route accordingly.
View Sa Bieng Lae in a larger map
Sa Bieng Lae
Seafood Southern Style On Paradise, KOH SAMUI, THAILAND.


text:
In nature, daily life starts when the sun comes up and ends after the sun goes down. However, in today's modern society we often need to get up before sunrise. On the days when the alarm goes off, but it is still dark outside, it can be difficult to get out of bed.
Inspired by nature's sunrise the Philips Wake-up Light uses a unique combination of light and sound to wake you in a more natural way. It helps you to feel more refreshed, so that it is easier to get out of bed.


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These level 3 puzzles are perfect when the earlier levels didn't peak your interest or are no longer challenging. At a medium level of challenge, these are a good fit for gifts and stocking stuffers.
Difficulty Levels are out of 6, with 1 being the easiest and 6 being the most challenging.
Copyright © 2008-2020, Puzzle Warehouse, All rights reserved.
Puzzle Warehouse recycles everything it can to save the environment and to keep costs and prices low.
We are Hiring! Please fill out the employment form or send your resume to firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Die Bildrechte werden vertreten durch BILDRECHT GmbH, Wien
Weitere Auswahl im Menue links
Take a look at my shop Artfinder
Mit Bildern aus meinem Atelier entworfene Einzelstücke :::Kleidung::.Accessoires::: Home
Yes, I do
Erica Carter
Head of Artist Relations
1177 Polk Street #303 |
San Francisco CA 94109
Phone: 1.877.529.VIDA |
I'm a huge fan of your artwork, and I am reaching out to see if you'd be open to becoming a collaborating artist with us here at VIDA. I
think the aesthetics of your work are great for apparel prints and I'd love to see if you'd be open to working with us to transform your artwork into professionally manufactured elegant
I look forward to hearing from you! Sincerely,
Erica C.
Artexpo Winter Rome 2018
International art exhibition in Rome (Italy)
Eine sehr interessante EINLADUNG
Dear Johanna
We saw your art online on "International Masterbook". After our very successful Artproject Miami 1.0, last December in Miami, we open now the registration for our next
Artproject. Basel 1.0 will take place during the Art Basel Switzerland next June. You find more information on the official website
First Art Gallery
Art Reproduction
Description: Handmade Oil Painting Reproductions - sponsor of Wikigallery.org


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Places to Stay
Where you stay on your vacation isn't just where you retire after a long day of adventuring. In Wyoming, it's where the adventure begins and memories that last long beyond checkout. From dude ranches and historic hotels to rustic cabins and campsites in Wyoming's natural terrain, there are several options that will fit your vacation style. Browse the listings below to find a place to rest your head on your Wyoming vacation.
Please Note: During the summer months, reservations are recommended 1-2 months in advance for all lodging accommodations.
Campgrounds & R.V. Parks
- Four million star accommodations
From tents to pull-throughs, private or public, campgrounds in Wyoming take all shapes and sizes.
Condos & Vacation Homes
Renting a condo or vacation home really is a home away from home on your vacation. Get a group of friends or family together in one of these comfortable and homey rentals for a great time, some good conversation, and a good night's rest.


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Prom 10: Beethoven: Symphonies Nos 3 & 4
Daniel Barenboim with the West-Eastern Divan Orchestra
The West-Eastern Divan Orchestra, founded in 1999, has reached its troubled teens. A provocative symbol of hope against a tragically deadlocked political background, it's also been accused of providing 'utopian entertainment' for a Western audience, a fantasy of social harmony that bears no relation to the reality of the Middle East.
There's no doubting the sincerity of Daniel Barenboim's intentions: the fact that all the players (except his son, the leader Michael) are not named on the programme is an indication of the personal bravery each has shown in joining the orchestra. But they represent an ambitious, privileged, musical elite: how can their shared experience inspire those on the ground? According to their biography, the last time they touched down in Ramallah was 2005…
As if determined to prove the project hadn't gone stale, Barenboim mixed Beethoven with Boulez in this historic series of Proms programmes. It's been an inspired move, shaking up the adoring audience and challenging the young players. But, in Saturday's concert at least, the inclusion of Boulez (Dialogue de l'ombre double) only highlighted the heavily dated performance style of Beethoven's Third and Fourth symphonies.
Barenboim has never pretended to be interested in the findings of the period performance movement. For him Beethoven's music is a 'universal metaphysical language' and his avowed attitude is that of a 19th-century German Romantic. So we had a grandiose, leaden-footed reading of the Eroica, almost stifled by the heavy, sustained bowing of the strings, a performance that would not have been out of place half a century ago, but lacked the thrilling grandeur that approach could generate. Rhythms were slack in the Allegro first movement, at times appearing to slide around each other like sea-sick passengers on a slippery deck. In the portentous slow movement, entries began to feel strangely staggered and the on-the-string bowing prevented detail coming through in the final Presto.
An opulent Symphony No. 4 fared better. The gorgeous liquid wobble of a bassoon gilded a well paced, apprehensive opening, which never exploded into life with the Allegro, but remained earth-bound if well drilled. Soft-grained, legato strings in the slow movement provided an ideal backdrop to some beautifully sustained, elastic clarinet solos. Scherzo and Finale danced gracefully, but lacked edge and air. The quality and response of these players is on the highest level; what perplexes is the type of sound Barenboim requires of them. Call me old fashioned, but I rather like to hear all the notes.
While the first of these concerts featured Boulez's 50-minute Dérive 2, which ended up dominating the concert by all accounts, this time the Boulez was a subtle palate freshener, Dialogue de l'ombre double (1982-85) for clarinet, played by German virtuoso Jussef Eisa, with computer music designers from IRCAM. As in many of Boulez's pieces, this was a lone instrumentalist duetting with himself pre-recorded, broadcast from points around the hall, originally inspired by the sound of Gregorian chant in a church acoustic. Eisa made light of simultaneous flutter-tonguing and harmonics, and delivered the beguiling, Debussyan arabesques with resonant poise.
Listen to this Prom again on iPlayer. The BBC Proms run every day until 8 September.
- Article Type: | Blog |


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Looking ahead, advisors widen focus over the longer-term and make strategic planning a top initiative as they seek continued growth
Public Company Information:
SAN FRANCISCO--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Independent registered investment advisors (RIA) reported record levels of assets under management (AUM) and revenues in 2011 - driven by the addition of new clients, and offsetting the year's flat market performance - according to the 2012 RIA Benchmarking Study from Charles Schwab. The median RIA firm increased revenues by 12 percent and AUM by 3.8 percent, marking a second consecutive year of record highs for the industry.
New client growth came in at 4.7 percent at the median – in terms of new clients net of client departures – flat from last year but up from 3.5 percent in 2009. When looking solely at new clients in the door, firms grew by 8.2 percent, while the 20 percent of firms bringing in the most clients added new clients by 14.7 percent or more.
"RIAs successfully grew their businesses to record levels in 2011 despite strong economic headwinds that the industry continues to face," said Jon Beatty, senior vice president, sales and relationship management, Schwab Advisor Services. "RIAs have stayed true to their core mission – doing what is best for their clients – and this has won them continued loyalty of their existing clients and the trust of new ones."
Alongside the growing numbers of new clients joining their firms, RIAs also marked a second consecutive year of rising client retention rates, maintaining more than 97 percent of their existing clients in 2011.
Sights Set On Growth, Advisors Put Strategic Planning On the Front Burner
While revenues and assets are up, satisfaction with growth the past three years was down slightly at 67 percent, versus 69 percent in 2010. The new figures are more consistent with 2009 levels of 65 percent, and may be attributed to longer sales cycles by RIAs. Advisors are staying focused squarely on growth as they look ahead: 55 percent said their number one initiative in 2012 is directed towards growing their firm and 84 percent have a growth-related initiative among their top three priorities.
In terms of the top enablers of growth, firms cited maintaining quality of client service (81%), closing new client business (74%), implementing new technologies (63%), and maintaining efficient operations (61%).
In contrast, a growing percentage of firms are citing strategic planning and execution as a barrier to growth (28% versus only 19% in 2007). In fact, a number of firms in the study have switched their highest priority initiatives away from marketing and business development, and instead are prioritizing strategic planning and execution. Overall, one in seven had strategic planning or succession planning as their top special initiative in 2011, where only one in ten did in 2010. Still, only 42 percent of firms have a written strategic plan in place.
"To take advantage of long term business opportunities and overcome hurdles to growth, advisors can develop a strategic plan that allows them to maximize their resources by prioritizing efforts across client service, operations and business development," continued Beatty. "A written strategic plan acts as a roadmap that helps advisors stay on track, make critical business decisions, and build long-term value for the firms. In fact, Best Managed Firms lead the way with nearly twice as many having a written strategic plan in place."
Profits and Productivity Improve
Profits grew 14 percent at the median firm in 2011, mostly driven by revenue growth. Principal income (the total base, bonus and firm profits per principal), another measure of profits, was also up: the median income was $341,000, up five percent from the previous year and 26 percent above 2009. Additionally, operating income for the median firm was $156,000.
Productivity, in terms of revenue-per-professional and per-total-staff, also grew in 2011, again driven by revenue growth. At the median firm, revenue-per-professional increased six percent from $354,000 to $374,000, while revenue-per-total-staff was up ten percent, from $210,000 to $229,000.
While AUM and revenues saw record levels at the majority of firms, revenue and assets per client have not seen the same record highs. Revenue per client, at $8,000, was up nine percent versus $7,300 the year prior.
The cost to bring on new clients has also risen. Productivity of business development – measured as time cost per new $1 million in AUM – declined, as the cost increased by nearly 20 percent in 2011. It appears that longer sales cycles are contributing to that increase. But despite these increased costs, closing new client business is nonetheless a top enabler of growth according to 74 percent of firms.
Benchmarking in Action
Schwab's RIA Benchmarking Study can be used as a foundational component of strategic planning for RIA firms that custody with Schwab. Advisory firms that participate in the study receive a complimentary Peer Benchmarking Report customized to their firm's size and business model.
"We spend a lot of time in our business managing relationships and managing money, and we don't spend as much time as we should analyzing how we do what we do, and measuring ourselves against the rest of the industry," said advisor Suanne Ramar at Nelson Capital in a video interview about benchmarking. "When we saw the study, and where we fit in a number of different metrics, it drew our focus to areas that need additional attention."
Using the customized Peer Benchmarking Reports, Schwab Advisor Services' business consultants and relationship managers consult with firms one-on-one to help interpret the results, diagnose potential problem areas and discuss possible solutions. The reports are an important business planning tool and provide personalized, detailed and actionable insights for firms on topics such as advisor asset and revenue growth, sources of new clients, products and pricing, staffing and productivity, strategic planning, technology and operations, and firm economics.
According to advisor Justin Stets at Carlson Capital Management, "Individual owners have their heads down and are working in the business. Schwab helped us work on the business. We are able to work with our Schwab relationship manager to look at the survey results and apply them to growing the business, reducing unwanted expenses, and generating additional or new forms of revenue."
Charles Schwab's RIA Benchmarking Study
Schwab's annual RIA Benchmarking Study, the largest study of its kind focusing exclusively on RIAs, captures trends and best practices in the RIA industry based on the experiences of individual firms. This year's study represents the views of over 1,000 firms, a 25 percent increase from a year ago. The firms participating manage more than $425 billion in combined assets, with 105 of those firms managing $1 billion or more. The median participating firm has 186 clients, $212 million in AUM and $1.3 million in annual revenue.
Schwab's Business Consulting Services for advisors
Schwab's Business Consulting Services is a comprehensive practice management platform that draws on more than two decades of experience working with advisors. Through one-on-one support, online resources, and consultative events, Schwab provides independent investment advisors with comprehensive practice management solutions including insights, tools and resources to help them drive growth, improve scalability and efficiency, and focus on client service. Schwab's Business Consulting Services, provided to advisors who custody with Schwab, is comprised of six comprehensive offerings that cover key areas of running an independent advisory firm: business strategy and planning, marketing and business development, human capital, transition planning, technology and operations, and compliance resources. Schwab's relationship managers and business and technology consultants work closely with advisors to identify areas of need and leverage solutions to support the advisor business.
About Charles Schwab
The Charles Schwab Corporation (NYSE:SCHW) is a leading provider of financial services, with more than 300 offices and 8.7 million active brokerage accounts, 1.52 million corporate retirement plan participants, 822,000 banking accounts, and $1.80 trillion in client assets as of June 30, 2012. The company was ranked "Highest in Investor Satisfaction With Self-Directed Services" in the 2012 US Self-Directed Investor Satisfaction StudySM from J.D Power and Associates. Through its operating subsidiaries, the company provides a full range of securities brokerage, banking, money management and financial advisory services to individual investors and independent investment advisors. Its broker-dealer subsidiary, Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. (member SIPC, www.sipc.org), and affiliates offer a complete range of investment services and products including an extensive selection of mutual funds; financial planning and investment advice; retirement plan and equity compensation plan services; referrals to independent fee-based investment advisors; and custodial, operational and trading support for independent, fee-based investment advisors through its Advisor Services division. Its banking subsidiary, Charles Schwab Bank (member FDIC and an Equal Housing Lender), provides trust and custody services, banking and mortgage services and products. More information is available at www.schwab.com and www.aboutschwab.com. Investment products offered by Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. are not insured by the FDIC, are not deposits or obligations of Charles Schwab Bank, and are subject to investment risk, including the possible loss of principal invested.
Follow us on Twitter: @Schwab4RIAs
Read our corporate blog: SchwabTalk
The RIA Benchmarking Study from Charles Schwab comprises self-reported data from advisory firms that custody their assets with Charles Schwab. The Best-Managed Firms are the top 20 percent in productivity, profitability, and revenue growth, calculated after removing those with less than $1 million in revenue.
All information contained in the Study is provided for general informational purposes only. The Peer Benchmarking Report is not a recommendation of any business enterprise or investment advisory practice management technique, strategy or practice reported on or described. All data is self-reported by Study participants and is not verified or validated. Each participating advisory firm submitted only one set of responses. The 2012 RIA Benchmarking Study was fielded February and March, 2012. The Study contains self-reported data from 1,025 firms spanning 2008 – 2011.
Independent registered investment advisors are not owned, affiliated with or supervised by Schwab.
Photos/Multimedia Gallery Available: http://www.businesswire.com/cgi-bin/mmg.cgi?eid=50341418&lang=en
Charles Schwab
Anita Fox, 415-667-1308
The Neibart Group
Sarah Gormley, 718-875-2122


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Zhou Lide wrote:Psychologically, environment has little say in the turn out of whether a child is going to be homo/heterosexual. If one identical twin is homosexual than the other in most cases has a %50+ chance of becoming homosexual, and then the rest is contributed to friends, environment, parents etc... so the whole child thing shouldn't be the problem, it's usually to do with genetic predisposition and an oversized hypothalamus.
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What a week! We've seen a lot of exciting news come out of BlackBerry Live and BlackBerry Jam Americas this week including app launches and announcements, partner demos, the future vision for BlackBerry from Thorsten Heins, and more. Today we wrap up BlackBerry Live with a flourish – be sure to check out the hands-on labs, breakout sessions, the BlackBerry Store, and the Showcase. Check out the video below for today's morning brief:
[ YouTube link for mobile viewing ]
If you missed the keynote general sessions, you can replay the full videos for BlackBerry Live and BlackBerry Jam and their respective web sites.
Make sure that you check out the daily specials in the BlackBerry Store, including HS250 Bluetooth headsets, and microfiber pockets for BlackBerry Z10 smartphones.
What are you most looking forward to today? Share in the comments below.


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Are you looking to evolve your purpose in life? Consider joining a board for a non-profit that is driven by a singular mission with a huge impact:
The Gift of Adoption Fund seeks to fill the void that separates child from family through adoption completion grants, giving vulnerable children a permanent home and the chance to thrive.
Gift of Adoption is a national 501(c)(3) that provides the final funds that prospective adoptive parents need to complete the adoptions of vulnerable children from within the U.S. and from around the world.
Networking and fundraising are the primary responsibilities of board members.
To fundraise, we organize fun social events, online campaigns and more. The board currently consists of professionals who volunteer their time and connections to further the cause. You can live anywhere in the state but are expected to participate in monthly calls and, ideally, quarterly in-person meetings. 100% of the money we raise goes directly to completing families' adoptions in your state.
We are a team of smart, dedicated (and, we like to think, fun!) people who believe that a loving family is a basic human right.
We are looking for Board Members who:
- Are passionate about volunteering to help children.
- Have creative fundraising ideas and the motivation and social network to make them happen!
- Are connected to and/or interested in outreach to the local business community.
- Enjoy connecting people and finding partnership opportunities.
- Are comfortable reaching out to their network of family and friends about a good cause.
- Have strong communication skills, and are highly organized.
- Want a volunteer opportunity that makes a permanent difference!
We expect that you will:
- Help plan and attend fundraising events.
- Make a personal gift each year that you serve.
- Work with the other board members to collectively raise money to fund adoptions.
- Participate in one board call a month.
- Attend a quarterly in-person meeting.
If this sounds like you, we'd love to talk!
Reach out to us today with the following information:
And please note that this is a volunteer, un-paid position. Our Board Members typically serve 3-year terms. Click the links below for more information!


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Picture may not represent actual vehicle. Price varies based on Trim Levels and Options. See Dealer for in-stock inventory and actual selling price. All prices plus tax, title and license with approved credit. MSRP includes delivery, processing and handling fees. Dealer doc fee of $75.00 not included in price. Prices may be different outside of each advertised period and do not necessarily reflect cash price at any other time. All cash back offers are provided by Toyota Financial Services.
Want to learn more about a particular vehicle? Check out our Vehicle Showroom, allowing you to configure your own car, truck, minivan or SUV while also learning the technical specifications and available features for each model.Featured Vehicles may be demonstrators and may have from 2,000-10,000 Miles. Dealership is not responsible for typographical errors.


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Scientists have explained the decision to publish the full versions of two papers on the H5N1 bird flu virus just months after they had opted to release only edited versions.
At a Royal Society meeting, Paul Keim, acting chair of the US National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity (NSABB), explained how the board had advised the US Government that two papers about the virus be published but in an edited form.
The two papers—one written by Ron Fouchier from Erasmus Medical Center in Rotterdam and the other by Yoshihiro Kawaoka from University of Wisconsin-Madison—detailed how they had mutated the H5N1 virus so that it could be transmitted among mammals by air rather than solely by close physical contact, explains Reuters.
The fear at the time was that these mutant strains could cause a pandemic if released by accident or on purpose by terrorists. NSABB instead opted to publish edited versions, allowing access to the full versions to only "select scientists,"says Discover magazine.
Reuters adds that the decision to censor the papers caused concern at the World Health Organization because it could "threaten the 'fragile' international collaboration that the WHO had assembled to combat avian flu." In particular, WHO was worried that countries such as Indonesia, which had taken years to persuade to hand over its samples of the flu virus, could stop cooperating.
However, on March 30, NSABB reversed its decision stating that "the data described in the revised manuscripts do not appear to provide information that would immediately enable misuse of the research in ways that would endanger public health or national security."
The papers will be published later this year, but Discover magazine reports that both authors have since revised their work. Fourchier told the audience at a Royal Society press conference that he has clarified, for example, that the airborne mutants of the virus did not kill the ferrets that were infected with it. "There was a misconception within NSABB about the lethality of our virus," says Fouchier.
However, it will be some time before the papers are published. Discover adds: "Both manuscripts still have to go through the usual process of peer review, and the US government hasn't weighed in yet. But should the process now go smoothly, nothing will be redacted from either paper. Fouchier has confirmed that his manuscript will include the full genetic sequence of his mutant strain."
Fouchier is also standing by statements he made when the existence of the mutant strains of the virus became public. He described the mutant H5N1 virus as "probably one of the most dangerous viruses that you can make." He told the Royal Society audience: "I'll stick by that comment without any problems. Maybe I'd put it slightly differently next time but it is the truth. Flu viruses are scary and if they acquire the ability to go airborne in humans, they cause pandemics."


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We have thousands of happy customers who have bought from us, either online, or at one of the large outdoor events or indoor exhibitions that we have attended throughout the country.
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Short guide about the pros and cons of boat diving.
Helpful guide to divers with non-PADI qualifications.
The heart of Thailand, read about this chaotic and colourful city in our short guide to Bangkok.
Short guide to Ko Tao, one of Thailand's least touristy islands and offers fantastic diving opportunities.
Read about Thailand's interesting past in this brief history guide.
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A Verisk Business
Sign-in to our platforms to access our extensive research, our latest insight, data and analytics and to connect to our industry experts.
23 March 2020
Rolling coverage of the most important events affecting the upstream industry in the Middle East and North Africa.
26 November 2019
This new report explores the key drivers of Middle East and East-Med gas markets on supply, demand, contracts and trade
06 January 2020
Our review of key events across MENA's upstream in 2018. Including production trends, investment, M&A, exploration and licence awards.
05 February 2019
15 August 2018
Europe gas imports and contracts long-term outlook H1 2018
03 August 2018
Wood Mackenzie's latest Global gas demand long-term outlook data and report – H1 2018
27 July 2018
Long-term growth will be supported by environmental policy and infrastructure development.
15 January 2019
Our review of key events across MENA's upstream in 2018. Including investment trends, M&A, exploration, project sanctions and production.
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The San Andreas Sound is a large body of water in the fictional state of San Andreas in Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas. It is north of Red County and south of Las Venturas. The sound has one estuary that leads to Fisher's Lagoon.
The San Andreas Sound was likely added in game to separate Los Santos and Las Venturas, preventing the player from going to Las Venturas early. The effect is lost because the player can swim the sound, but if they reach the Las Venturas side, they will immediately receive a four-star wanted level.
There are four bridges that cross San Andreas Sound; from west to east they are:
- One Oyster - Underneath the Frederick Bridge


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Ready, Set, Start!
These are various tasks you need to check each Semester.
Accept/Reduce/Decline Loans (for your first semester for the academic year):
- Log into the Student Connection
- Click on the Accept your loan link under Financial Tools - Financial Aid
- Click on Financial Aid folder
- Click on Award folder
- Click on Award for Aid Year folder
- Click on the arrow to Select Aid Year and choose the appropriate aid year
- Click Submit
- Click on Accept Award Offer tab at the top. The Accept Award column are the total funds that you may accept for the entire year, and will have a drop down arrow allowing you to accept the full amount, reduce or decline the award. To accept a partial amount, type in how much of the award you would like to receive in the Accept Partial Amount text box The amount you accept will be split evenly between the semesters that are awarded.
- Click on Submit Decision
Complete the payment process (each semester):
- Log into the Student Connection
- Click on the Complete payment process link under Financial Tools - Student Payment Center.
- Click on the link below the big red box and follow the instructions. By doing this, you are reserving your seat and will avoid having your classes dropped.
- Important: This process will also walk you through requesting a book voucher if you are eligible.
View your charges and set-up payment
- Log into the Student Connection
- Click on the Student Payment Center link under Financial Tools - Student Payment Center.
- All of your awarded financial aid should appear. If it does not, contact your financial aid counselor. If you have a negative balance, that means you have financial aid coming back to you as a refund, and are eligible to request a book voucher. If you do not have enough financial aid to fully cover your costs, you may either set up a payment plan or pay in full through tabs on this site.
Order Your Books
- Order your books through /onlinebooks or by calling 1-800-325-3252. You will need to know your Student ID number, your Book Voucher number (if you are using one), and the courses in which you are enrolled.
- Click here for Book Voucher information.
Attend Orientation (new students or students who have not attended in several years)
- Go to the Davenport University orientation page for more information.
New to Global Campus
- If you have never taken an online course, it is recommended you complete a blackboard tutorial PRIOR to the start of your courses.