text:
by Elad Elrom
- Test Driven Development overview
- Creating a test suite and test case in Flash Builder 4
- Implementing TDD techniques using Flash Builder 4
- FlexUnit 4 metadata
30 November 2009
|Prerequisite knowledge
|Required products
|Sample files
|User level
Experience building Flex applications is recommended.
Flash Builder 4 (Download trial)
flashbuilder_tdd_source.zip (1 KB)
In this article I present some of the basics for getting started with Test Driven Development (TDD) using Flash Builder 4 and FlexUnit.
As Flash applications become more dynamic and complex, they become more difficult to maintain and scale, particularly when business requirements change throughout the course of development. These challenges are significant and they are common in all types of development, including mobile, web, and desktop applications.
Consider a scenario in which you need to make changes to a large application to meet new business requirements. How do you know if the small changes you made broke other parts of the application? How can you ensure that the code is bullet-proof, especially if you are not the person who wrote it?
For software engineers, this problem is neither new nor confined to a specific platform. Java and ASP developers have been challenged with the same issues and have found Test Driven Development (TDD) a useful technique for creating applications that can be easily maintained.
Flash has grown a long way from a small animation tool. The Adobe Flash Platform now comprises an ECMAScript-compliant programming language as well as methodologies common to other programming languages that are necessary for building large dynamic applications. In fact, Adobe and many other companies have found that TDD solves many of the challenges that developers face in their development cycles every day.
I have noticed that while many developers have heard of TDD, they are reluctant to use TDD because they are unfamiliar with it and afraid that using TDD will increase development time.
In my personal experience, I have found that using TDD correctly doesn't increase development time when used on projects for which it is appropriate. In fact, TDD can reduce development time and simplify application maintenance. I've also found that I can use FlexUnit on existing applications and apply TDD methods to any framework out there in some way or another.
It is important to note that TDD is applicable even when there is a separate Quality Assurance (QA) department that performs formal testing. TDD helps developers deliver more solid code, enabling QA to focus on other tasks, including testing the user interface and creating the use cases that they need to test.
So what is TDD anyway? Test Driven Development is a software development technique in which programmers writing failed test that will define the functionality before writing the actual code.
Note that using FlexUnit you often write the test after writing the code since many times you will be adding tests to existing code.
In Extreme Programming teams work on the development of dynamic projects with changing requirements and a development cycle that includes TDD for writing the test before the code itself. Note that TDD is not the complete development cycle; it is only part of the Extreme Programming (XP) development paradigm. Preparing the tests before writing the code helps a development team to demonstrate their work in small steps, rather than making the customer or other stakeholders wait for the complete result.
Moving in small increments also makes it easier to accommodate changing requirements and helps ensure that your code does what it needs to do, and nothing more. It is important to mention that the focus of the TDD technique is to produce code and not to create a testing platform. The ability to test is an added benefit.
TDD is based on the idea that anything you build should be tested and if you are unable to test it, you should think twice about whether you really want to build it.
Figure 1. Test Driven Development cycle
The TDD process consists of six simple steps (see Figure 1):
- Add test - The first step is to understand the business requirements, think of all possible scenarios, and add tests based on those scenarios. If the requirements are not clear enough, you can raise questions right away instead of when the software is completed and will require much more effort to change.
- Write failed unit test - This phase ensures that the test unit itself is working correctly. It will not pass, since you haven't written any code.
- Write code - During this phase you write the code in the simplest, most effective way to ensure that the test passes. There is no need to include any design patterns, think about the rest of the application, or clean up the code. Your goal is simply to pass the test.
- Test Passed - Once you write all the code and the test passes you know that your test meets all the business requirements and you can share the work with the customer or other members of the team.
- Refactor - Now that the test is completed and you confirmed that it meets the business requirements, you can ensure that the code is ready for production by replacing any temporary parameters, adding design patterns, removing duplicate code, and creating classes to do the job efficiently. Ideally once the refactor phase is completed, the code undergoes code review, which is essential to ensure that the code is in good shape and complies with the company's coding standards. Following the refactoring and code review, the test should be run again to ensure that nothing was broken in the process.
- Repeat - When the unit test is completed, you can move to the next unit test and share the code with the customer or other members of the team.
FlexUnit is a unit testing framework for Flex and ActionScript 3.0 applications and libraries. It offers functionality similar to JUnit, a Java unit testing framework. FlexUnit is used in many internal Adobe projects and is open source.
Flash Builder 4 provides integrated FlexUnit support, and allows you to create the scaffolding of the test unit automatically, saving you time, eliminating the need to create the same classes over and over again, and ensuring the use of best practices.
There are two versions of FlexUnit: FlexUnit 0.9 (also referred to as FlexUnit 1) and FlexUnit 4 (also referred to as FlexUnit 4). This article covers FlexUnit 4.
To use FlexUnit in previous versions of Flex Builder you had to download the FlexUnit SWC file and include it in your project. Flash Builder 4 includes five SWCs automatically once you create tests. The following SWCs will be added under your project's Referenced Libraries:
- flexunit_0.9.swc
- hamcrest-1.0.2.swc
- flexunit-core-flex-126.96.36.199-sdk220.127.116.1183.swc
- flexunitextended.swc
- FlexUnitTestRunner_rb.swc
These SWCs include all the APIs for FlexUnit 0.9, FlexUnit 4, the test runner, and other libraries. The SWCs are maintained as part of the Flex 4 SDK so there is no need to download FlexUnit or add them manually. They will be added automatically once you add the tests.
In this section you will use Flex Builder 4 with FlexUnit 4 to create a test suite and test case.
Create a test suite class
To illustrate how to use FlexUnit in Flash Builder, I will use a simple application that calculates numbers. Follow these steps to create the application and add a test suite:
- Choose File > New > Flex Project to create the project.
- For the Project Name, type CalculatorApplication.
- Click Finish.
- To create a test suite, choose File > New > Test Suite Class (see Figure 2).
Figure 2. Creating a new Test Suite Class in Flash Builder 4
5. In the New Test Suite Class dialog box, name the class CalculatorTestSuite.
6. Select New FlexUnit 4 Test (see Figure 3).
7. Click Finish.
Figure 3. Creating a New Test Suite Class named CalculatorTestSuite
A test suite is a composite of tests. It runs a collection of test cases. During development you can create a collection of tests packaged into test suite and once you are done, you can run the test suite to ensure your code is still working correctly after changes have been made.
Note: Although in Extreme Programming you are encouraged to write tests before creating the code (and ideally that's how you should work), in real life there are many times where you will find yourself writing the tests after the code. Such decisions are made case by case, and it is OK to adjust the methodology to fit your workflow.
Flash Builder 4 added the following class under the flexUnitTests folder:
package flexUnitTests
public class CalculatorTestSuite
Suite metadata tag indicates that the class is a suite. The
RunWith tag instructs the test runner to execute the tests that follow it using a specific class. FlexUnit 4 is a collection of runners that will run a complete set of tests. You can define each runner to implement a specific interface. You can, for example, specify a different class to run the tests instead of the default runner built into FlexUnit 4.
Add a test case class
Create the Test Case class:
- Choose File > New > Test Case Class.
- Select New FlexUnit 4 Test.
- Type flexUnitTests as the package.
- Type CalculatorLogicTester as the name.
- Click Next.
Figure 4. Creating a new Test Case class
Note: In FlexUnit 1 you can choose to generate
setUp() and
tearDown() stubs. These stubs are called automatically when the test case starts (setUp) and ends (tearDown). They can be used to set up information and events before the test starts and clear information and events to ensure you don't have any memory leaks. In FlexUnit 4 you can define these methods using the metadata tags
[Before] and
[After], as you will see later in this article.
In the next dialog box (see Figure 5) you select the methods you would like to test.
- Select
- Click Finish.
Figure 5. Selecting the methods to test
Write a failed unit test
You are ready to start writing test code. Open CalculatorLogicTester.as and notice that the test method for
additionMethod has been created for you. In FlexUnit 1, each method you create must start with "test", to enable the test runner to recognize the method. As a result, the method name was changed to
testAdditionMethod. In FlexUnit 4, method names do not need to start with "test"; instead they are recognized by the
[test] metadata, so feel free to refactor the method names. Here is the generated code:
package flexUnitTests
public class CalculatorLogicTester
public function setUp():void
public function tearDown():void
public static function setUpBeforeClass():void
public static function tearDownAfterClass():void
Lastly, remember to add the test case you would like to test into the CalculatorTestSuite test suite. Add the line in bold below to CalculatorTestSuite.as:
package flexUnitTests
public class CalculatorTestSuite
public var calculatorLogic:CalculatorLogicTester;
Build the project. To run the application, follow these steps:
- Click the compile icon and choose FlexUnit Tests (see Figure 6) or choose Run > Run > FlexUnit Tests.
Figure 6. Running the FlexUnit tests
2. In the Run FlexUnit Tests dialog box, select the test cases (see Figure 7).
3. Click OK.
Figure 7. Select all available TestCases and TestSuites
4. When the application finishes, review the test status results in your browser. (see Figure 8).
Figure 8. FlexUnit test results in the browser
5. Close the browser window.
6. Examine the test results in the FlexUnit Results view (see Figure 9).
As you can see, the test failed because you had the following code in CalculatorLogicTester.as:
Assert.fail("Test method Not yet implemented");
Figure 9. FlexUnit Results view
Edit additionMethod() to return zero since we are not writing the code yet. Make the method static and the class final as shown below:
package com.elad.calculator.utils
public final class CalculatorLogicHelper
public static function additionMethod(value1:Number, value2:Number):Number
return 0;
Also update the testAdditionMethod stub to produce a fail result:
var result:Number = CalculatorLogicHelper.additionMethod(5,5);
The assertEquals method will fail because the method additionMethod code hasn't been implemented yet. Run the application and see the fail result (see Figure 10). A message shows the problem (Error: expected: <10> but was <0>) and the failed method (testAdditionMethod).
Figure 10. FlexUnit Results view showing failed method
Under the application folder structure you can find the files CalculatorLogicTester.as, CalculatorTestSuite.as, and FlexUnitCompilerApplication.mxml (see Figure 11).
Figure 11. The CalculatorApplication folder structure
Take a look at FlexUnitApplication.mxml:
<!-- This is an auto generated file and is not intended for modification. -->
<s:Application xmlns:fx="http://ns.adobe.com/mxml/2009"
xmlns:mx="library://ns.adobe.com/flex/mx" minWidth="955" minHeight="600" xmlns:flexui="flexunit.flexui.*" creationComplete="onCreationComplete()">
import flexUnitTests.CalculatorLogicTester;
public function currentRunTestSuite():Array
var testsToRun:Array = new Array();
return testsToRun;
private function onCreationComplete():void
testRunner.runWithFlexUnit4Runner(currentRunTestSuite(), "CalculatorApplication");
<!-- Place non-visual elements (e.g., services, value objects) here -->
<flexui:FlexUnitTestRunnerUI id="testRunner">
As you can see there is a GUI called FlexUnitTestRunnerUI, which is similar in functionality to the FlexUnit TestRunner class in FlexUnit 0.9. Essentially, the application adds the entire test and runs the test in the UI.
In FlexUnitApplication.mxml you can see that FlexUnit uses the FlexUnit 4 runner:
private function onCreationComplete():void
testRunner.runWithFlexUnit4Runner(currentRunTestSuite(), "CalculatorApplication");
However, the framework is flexible, so developers can create and use their own runners, but still use the same UI. In fact, currently there are runners for FlexUnit 1, FlexUnit 4, Fluint, and SLT.
The test runner in FlexUnit is a UI component that will create an instance of the test suite and allow you to add all the tests you would like to run. The test runner will also display the test information in your browser.
Note: There is currently a test runner for Flex applications but not for pure ActionScript applications. You can, however, create a Flex project to test your pure ActionScript code or use Ant tasks. See http://opensource.adobe.com/wiki/display/flexunit/CI+ReadMe for more information.
In addition to the files you see in the Project Navigator there are more under the surface, including:
- _FlexUnitApplication_FlexInit-generated.as
- _FlexUnitApplication_mx_managers_SystemManager-generated.as
- _FlexUnitApplication-binding-generated.as
- _FlexUnitCompilerApplication_FlexInit-generated.as
- _FlexUnitCompilerApplication_mx_managers_SystemManager-generated.as
- FlexUnitApplication-generated.as
- FlexUnitApplication-interface.as
- FlexUnitCompilerApplication-generated.astem
- FlexUnitCompilerApplication-interface.as
- FlexUnitTestRunner_properties.as
These classes handle tasks such as the binding, styles, and definitions for FlexUnit.
Note: The bin-debug/generated package holds all files that get created by the MXMLC compiler and are normally invisible to you. To see them, select the project, then right-click and select Properties. Under Flex Compiler in Additional Compiler Arguments add the following option: -keep-generated-actionscript or -keep-generated-actionscript=true.
You are now ready to proceed with step 3 of the TDD process.
Now that the test failed you can write code to pass the test. The code you write should be the minimum code to get the test to pass. Add additionMethod() to return the sum of two numbers:
Create the utility class by following these steps:
- Choose File > New > Package.
- Type com.elad.calculator.utils for the name.
- Click Finish.
- Select the new com.elad.calculator.utils package in Package Explorer.
- Choose File > New > ActionScript Class.
- Type CalculatorLogicHelperfor the name.
- Click Finish.
package com.elad.calculator.utils
public final class CalculatorLogicHelper
public static function additionMethod(value1:Number, value2:Number):Number
var retVal:Number = value1+value2;
return retVal;
Now without any changes to the testAdditionMethod test method it passes and you will get a green light, meaning the test has succeeded (see Figure 12).
Figure 12. FlexUnit Results view showing a successful test
Now that your test passed you can refactor the code in order to get it ready for production. For instance, you may add a design pattern to replace a block of if..else statements.
In this case there is nothing to refactor since the code is so simple.
You can continue to create the unit tests for the subtraction, multiplication, and division methods. The complete code is below:
package com.elad.calculator.utils
public final class CalculatorLogicHelper
public static function additionMethod(value1:Number,
var retVal:Number = value1+value2;
return retVal;
public static function subtractionMethod(value1:Number,
var retVal:Number = value1-value2;
return retVal;
public static function multiplicationMethod(value1:Number,
var retVal:Number = value1*value2;
return retVal;
public static function divisionMethod(value1:Number,
var retVal:Number = value1/value2;
return retVal;
The complete unit test class code is in the CalculatorLogicTester.as file included with the sample files for this article.
So far you have used only the assertEquals assertion method in the test cases. There are, however, many other assertion methods (see Table 1).
Assertion method
Asserts that two values are equal.
Asserts that the first string is contained in the second one.
Asserts that the first string is not contained in the second one.
Asserts that a condition is false.
Asserts that a condition is true.
Asserts that a string matches a regular expression (regexp).
Asserts that a string doesn't match a regexp.
Asserts that an object is null.
Asserts that an object is not null.
Asserts that an object is defined.
Asserts that an object is undefined.
Asserts that two objects are strictly identical.
Asserts that two objects are equal.
Table 1. Available assertion methods in FlexUnit 1 and FlexUnit 4.
To use an assertion method, pass a string message and two parameters to compare. The string is the message to be used if the test fails.
For example:
assertEquals("Error testing the application state", state, 1);
If you omit the message string, you'll get the default message.
In the editor, type Assert. to see code hints for the available assertion methods.
In addition to the standard assertions FlexUnit 4 supports new methods thanks to the Hamcrest library, which is based on the idea of matchers. Each matcher can be set to match conditions for your assertions.
Here is an example taken from Drew Bourne's project that tests whether one number is close to (within a specified threshold) of another number:
package org.hamcrest.number
import org.hamcrest.AbstractMatcherTestCase;
public class CloseToTest extends AbstractMatcherTestCase
public function comparesValuesWithinThreshold():void
assertMatches("close enough", closeTo(1, 0.5), 1.5);
assertDoesNotMatch("too far", closeTo(1, 0.5), 1.6);
public function hasAReadableDescription():void
assertDescription("a Number within <0.1> of <3>", closeTo(3, 0.1));
Now that you have a class that can handle all the basic operations of a calculator and you have test cases for the methods, you can implement a simple calculator application (see Figure 13). Take a look at the sample code in CalculatorApplication.mxml, which uses the utility class.
Figure 13. The calculator application
The FlexUnit 4 framework is based on metadata tags. So far you've seen [Suite], [Test], and [RunWith]. Here are some other common metadata tags:
[Ignore] - Causes the method to be ignored. You can use this tag instead of commenting out a method.
[Before] - Replaces the setup() method in FlexUnit 1 and supports multiple methods.
[After] - Replaces the teardown() method in FlexUnit 1 and supports multiple methods.
[BeforeClass] - Allows you to run methods before a test class.
[AfterClass] - Allows you to run methods after a test class.
The calculator example was intentionally simple to help you get up to speed with TDD. This section covers a practical overview of FlexUnit metadata that you can use on more complex projects.
To begin, create a new FlexUnit 4 Test Case class and name it FlexUnitTester. Copy the code from the FlexUnitTester.as sample file into the new class.
The method following the Before metadata will be run before every test, and the method following After tag will be run after every test:
public function runBeforeEveryTest():void
// implement
public function runAfterEveryTest():void
// implement
The following example demonstrates the expected attribute of the Test metadata. The rangeCheck method creates a new Sprite object. The code will produce a successful test, because the child at index 1 doesn't exist and thus the code causes an exception during runtime.
public function rangeCheck():void
var child:Sprite = new Sprite();
Here is another example that shows an expected assertion error. The testAssertNullNotEqualsNull Test expects an AssertionFailedError error. The test will fail, because the assertEquals method will succeed (since null equals null).
public function testAssertNullNotEqualsNull():void
Assert.assertEquals( null, null );
In FlexUnit 1 you had to comment out code to ignore a method that you didn't want to test any more. The Ignore metadata tag makes it easier to skip a method.
[Ignore("Not Ready to Run")]
public function methodNotReadyToTest():void
Assert.assertFalse( true );
If you want to set the order of Test, Before, or After methods, you can add the order attribute, like this:
public function checkMethod():void
Assert.assertTrue( true );
If you've worked with FlexUnit 1 in the past, you know that it isn't always easy to create asynchronous tests and test event driven code. I often found myself modifying existing classes just to accommodate FlexUnit or creating tests in a hackish way. One of Fluint's biggest advantages is the ability to accommodate multiple asynchronous events. FlexUnit 4 incorporated Fluint functionality to support enhanced asynchronous tests, including asynchronous setup and teardown. This feature can be used by every test stub. To see this feature in action, create a new Test Case Class, name it AsynchronousTester, and copy in the code from the AsynchronousTester.as sample file.
This example tests a service call. The testServiceRequest() function makes a service call to retrieve an XML file that is included with the project. The test sets a timeout to specify the amount of time to wait before it fails. The ResultEvent fires before the timeout is reached and the test succeeds. In the second test, testFailedServiceRequest(), the service request asks a file that doesn't exist. Since the check is for the fault event the test passes, as expected.
The last test is for a scenario in which multiple asynchronous calls are made.
FlexUnit 4 introduces the concept of theories. A theory, as the name suggests, allows you to create a test to check your assumptions about how a test should behave. This type of test is useful when you have to test a method that can return large or even unbounded values. The tests take parameters (data points) and these data points can be used in conjunction with each test. You can use this functionality to check if the results are within a specified range.
To see how it works, create a new Test Suite Class, name it FlexUnit4TheorySuite, and copy in the code from FlexUnit4TheorySuite.as, which includes the following:
public function testNumber( number:Number ):void
assumeThat( number, greaterThan( 0 ) );
assertThat( number, instanceOf(Number) );
In this case, the theory checks that the number is greater than zero and verifies the variable type.
Although it may be disputable if UI testing is part of TDD, in FlexUnit 4 you have the ability to create tests that can check user interfaces and MXML components.
FlexUnit 4 includes the concept of sequences, and you can create sequences that include all the operations you would like to perform on a UI.
The FlexUnit4CheckUITester.as sample file shows an example of this functionality.
The setUp method creates a component that holds a button. Next, instead of adding the component to the view, it calls UIImpersonator.addChild().
The testButtonClick method is a simple async test that sets a handler and dispatches a mouse event. The handler handleClickEvent simply checks the event string type.
The second test, testButtonClickSequence, includes a sequence that sets the button's label name. Next, SequenceWaiter instructs the sequence to wait until the button click event is dispatched. Before the event is dispatched, the code calls addAssertHandler( handleButtonClickSqEvent, passThroughData ).
The handleButtonClickSqEvent method handles the event and compares the button label of the test with the pass through data.
Where to go from here
This article covered unit testing and Test Driven Development using Flash Builder 4 and FlexUnit, including some of the new features in the FlexUnit 4 framework. There has been a great deal of interest in TDD (and unit testing in general) recently, because it leads to applications that are easier to scale and maintain and less prone to errors.
After learning how to create FlexUnit test suites and test cases, I hope you are inspired to use TDD on your mobile, web, and desktop Flash applications, and write better, more scalable, and more reusable code.
For more information on TDD and FlexUnit, see chapter 14 of AdvancED Flash on Devices: Mobile Development with Flash Lite and Flash 10 and chapter 2 of AdvancED Flex 4. For more information on integrating FlexUnit with Continuous Integration (CI) server see FlexUnit4AntTasks.
You may also want to check out my article on InsideRIA and the FlexUnit 4 feature overview.


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Shockeye's Kitchen
Friday, 16 September 2005 - Reported by Shaun Lyon
Shockeye's Kitchen has launched its 16th Course, a 36-page fanzine available online as a free downloadable PDF (in high, medium or low resolution) from their website. The issue is billed as "a high-calorie celebration of Series One, with a meaty analysis of the series as a whole and a buffet comprising reviews of every episode." The editors add that "Shockeye would love to have you for dinner." (Thanks to Simon Kinnear)

subset: commoncrawl


text:
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text:
Well, everyone is insane at Bowman Gray race track. This is the second demolition derby at that track in just the past month, and this one features a burnout. Into another car. Yes, a burnout into another car. Only at Bowman Gray.
The crowd seems to love it more and more each time, and the cops just seem more and more apathetic.
"Oh, another nut's gotten behind the wheel? What else is new here."
Drivers Burt Meyers and Tim Brown have been docked a bunch of points, and are on probation with regards to actions towards each other, but honestly, that might make it all worse. When both men know they have no chance at winning the championship, what's stopping them from going nuts the next race?
And what the hell is in the water at Bowman Gray? Maybe someone should check it for vast rivers of pink slime.


text:
Much as carmakers spend huge budgets to make professional spots, nothing comes close to the brilliance of local car ads.
We can't think of anything better than the classic "FUCK YOU BALTIMORE" spot, but we're sure you can dig something up.
(QOTD is your chance to address the day's most pressing automotive questions and to experience the opinions of the insightful insiders, practicing pundits, and gleeful gearheads that make up the Jalopnik commentariat. If you've got a suggestion for a good Question of the Day, send an email to tips at jalopnik dot com.)


text:
As fans flock to Facebook to share their condolences over the death of Hugh Hefner's longtime secretary, Mary O'Connor, former Girls Next Door star Kendra Wilkinson is also paying tribute to the beloved Playboy housemother. On Wednesday, Jan. 30, Hef's ex-girlfriend honored O'Connor with a moving blog post entitled "I'll Always Remember You, Mary," in which she reminisces about their time together.
"I'm devastated to hear about the passing of Mary O'Connor," Wilkinson begins. "Some of you probably recognize her as Hef's secretary from The Girls Next Door. But Mary was a lot more than that to those who knew her."
In fact, O'Connor was "almost like a therapist" for the girls at the mansion. "Over the years, she helped me through a lot," Wilkinson writes. "She was a shoulder to cry on when I needed it and [was] always there to give me advice when I was going through a tough time."
One of the model's favorite memories of her friend was when O'Connor showed up at Wilkinson's bridal shower wearing a shower cap. (The Girls Next Door alum married former NFL player Hank Baskett in June 2009; they have a 3-year-old son, Hank Baskett IV.)
"She was a wonderful person and I wouldn't be the person I am without her," Wilkinson says of the secretary.
O'Connor passed away at the age of 84 on Sunday, Jan. 27, after a "short illness," according to a statement on her memorial page. A source tells Us Weekly that "everyone at the mansion are taking this really hard" — but perhaps no one more so than Hefner himself. The 86-year-old Playboy mogul is said to be "devastated" over her death.
"Mary passed away today," Hefner wrote on Twitter after her passing. "We loved her more than words can say."
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Is your home prepared for the upcoming snow, ice, sleet, and frost season? December 21st marks the first day of winter and it is only a short 15 days away. As temperatures drop, your house will need a little more TLC to keep it running smoothly in the winter months. Here are some easy steps that can help prepare your home for winter:
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Prepare for the winter months with these easy solutions!


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Polarized connectors and headers for your perf board/PCB projects. Use these connectors for power connections or any sensor/general connection to prevent users from connecting the peripheral incorrectly or reversed.
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ASHBY — Opponents of a proposed natural gas pipe line that will pass through the Merrimack Valley predict an uphill fight for approval.
"I have never seen a fracked pipeline go through such a blue state; it will definitely be harder than rural Pennsylvania," environmental attorney Jay Duffy said. "This is unprecedented and I think they're in for it."
Kinder Morgan Energy Partners is proposing extension of a 30-inch gas pipe that would need a 50-foot easement for workers to access, Duffy said.
The proposed gas line originates in Pennsylvania and would go through Wright, N.Y., into Berkshire County and eventually through Winchendon, Ashburnham, Ashby, Townsend and continue on to Dracut, said Bruce Winn of Berkshire Environmental Action Team.
Fracking, or hydraulic fracturing, involves drilling until reaching shale then using water, sand and chemicals to blast through the shale horizontally to release gas and oil.
The environmental concerns include the massive usage of water and the release of potentially carcinogenic chemicals that could pose a threat to groundwater.
The Federal Energy Regulation Committee must rule the pipeline would serve the public interest before giving a permit to extend it, Duffy said.
"The gas that comes in from this line is almost all from fracking lines to the west," he said.
Saturday's meeting was arranged by Ashby's Conservation Commission, and attracted about 125 people including members of Laborers Union, as well as residents from Townsend, Ashburnham and Winchendon.
Winn challenged public assertions that natural gas is cleaner and cheaper than other forms of fuel.
"I would make the argument natural gas isn't clean, isn't cheap and we don't need the extra capacity," he said.
The Tennessee Gas Pipeline already carries 43 percent of the U.S. northern market, and if it passes 60 percent customers can expect to start paying the high prices that are common in Europe and Asia, Winn said.
He conceded that natural gas is cleaner than home heating oil but said it can create as much CO2 as other forms of fuel such as coal and oil when used in electrical plants.
"When somebody says natural gas is cheap, you have to ask compared to what," Winn said.
He also questioned whether the ultimate goal of the pipeline is to export natural gas.
The company has said the pipeline will create 3,000 jobs but even that isn't as good as advertised, Winn said.
"They also say in the same sentence it will be during peak construction," he said.
Scott Gustafson, the organizing director for the Laborers' New England Region, defended the jobs even if they are temporary.
Residents need to be careful when signing agreements for surveys or easements because the contracts Kinder Morgan presents are designed to protect the company, said Duffy, whose father owns a farm in town.
The contracts may not mention that the company will also need to build pressure stations to keep the gas flowing.
"That's something that you need to consider," Duffy said. "If you go look at the Tennessee Gas Pipeline along the southern part of the state, there are pressure stations from time to time."
Representatives from Kinder Morgan are scheduled to appear at a Board of Selectmen April 9.
Comments or questions for the meeting can be emailed to email@example.com, said Selectman Mike McCallum.
Follow Jack Minch on Facebook, Tout and Twitter @JackMinch.


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The British Film Institute (BFI) has reported a 29% drop in UK production spend following a record-breaking 2011 but an upsurge of investment in British independent films.
The latest figures reveal a positive picture for UK investment in domestic features that started shooting in 2012 - such as Les Misérables and Cuban Fury - with spend rising to £223.5m in 2012 from £192.4m in 2011.
UK spend on co-productions in the UK was also up, with features including I Give It a Year and Long Walk to Freedom totalling £73.2 in 2012 from £62.3m the previous year.
The number of domestic features which went into production in the UK dropped from 238 to 159. However, the higher spend on these productions would suggest that although fewer films have been made they had had bigger budgets.
Inward investment drop
A more dramatic drop is reported for "inward investment feature films", which has plummeted to £630.6m from a record-breaking £1.04bn in 2011.
The 26 films (down from 34 in 2011) that made up this spend include Warner Bros' All You Need Is Kill, Universal's Fast and Furious 6 and Paramount's Jack Ryan among others.
Factors cited behind the drop include a possible knock-on effect from an overall downturn in production and tightening of budgets, as well as scheduling. James Bond blockbuster Skyfall began principal photography in 2011 so its whole production spend is allocated to that year, although it continued to shoot at Pinewood through the first half of 2012.
The BFI also reports a significant upswing in production spend during the second half of the year, largely due to incoming international films.
Combining co-pros, domestic and inward investment, the overall UK spend of features in 2012 was £927m, a 29% drop on 2011's £1.29bn.
The year ahead appears positive with several large studio projects set for production in the UK in 2013, such as Warner Bros' Jupiter Ascending, and Disney's sequel to The Muppets, which began principal photography this month.
Bond tops box office
The latest figures also showed that cinema admissions increased by 0.5% in 2012 to reach 172.5 million – the second highest level of the last decade – generating nearly £1.1bn at the box office, up 6% on 2011.
British films from blockbusters such as Skyfall and Prometheus to independent titles including The Woman in Black, The Iron Lady and The Best Exotic Marigold Hotel gave the UK a combined market share of 32%. This can be broken down into 22.9% for US studio-backed films and 9% for indies.
Skyfall led the UK box office, taking £102m and is still playing in cinemas.
The year's leading UK independent film release was chiller The Woman in Black, which made more than £21m in domestic box office takings.
Amanda Nevill, CEO of the BFI, said:"It is encouraging for the UK to see an increase in investment in independently produced British films and British co-productions. Although there was a dip in inward investment in 2012, an upturn in the latter part of the year coupled with bullish private investment in response to global demand for our services and skills signals buoyancy and confidence in the future."
Adrian Wootton, chief executive of the British Film Commission and Film London, said: "Today's figures demonstrate that the UK production industry continues to see commitment from the international marketplace, particularly from the US.
"Although 2011's record-breaking figures have not been equaled as there were fewer features shot last year with comparatively lower budgets, encouragingly, the UK started to see an upturn in production during the latter half of 2012.
Top 20 films released in the UK and Republic of Ireland, 2012
|Box office (£m)
|1. Skyfall*
|2. The Dark Knight Rises
|3. Avengers Assemble
|4. The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey*
|5. The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn - Part 2*
|6. Ted
|7. Ice Age: Continental Drift
|8. The Amazing Spider-Man
|9. Prometeus
|10. Life of Pi*
|11. The Hunger Games
|12. Taken 2
|13. Madagascar 3: Europe's Most Wanted*
|14. Men In Black 3
|15. Brave*
|16. The Woman in Black
|17. The Best Exotic Marigold Hotel
|18. War Horse
|19. American Pie: Reunion
|20. The Muppets
Top 20 independent UK films released in the UK and Republic of Ireland, 2012
|Box office (£m)
|1. The Woman in Black
|2. The Best Exotic Marigold Hotel
|3. The Iron Lady
|4. Nativity 2: Danger in the Manger!*
|5. Salmon Fishing in the Yemen
|6. The Sweeney
|7. Dredd 3D
|8. Seven Psychopaths*
|9. StreetDance 2
|10. Keith Lemon: The Film
|11. Shame
|12. Great Expectations*
|13. The Angels' Share
|14. Gambit
|15. The Imposter
|16. The Wedding Video
|17. Housefull 2
|18. Marley
|19. Coriolanus
|20. Shadow Dancer
- Source: Rentrak, BFI RSU analysis
- Box office gross = cumulative gross up to 20 January 2013.
- Films with an asterisk (*) were still being exhibited on 20 January 2013.
- UK and Republic of Ireland are a single "territory" for film distribution purposes.


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Florida House, District 12
After the redistricting process earlier this year, Florida House District 12 now covers East Arlington south to J. Turner Butler Boulevard and south of Beach Boulevard extends west to Interstate 95.
Incumbent Lake Ray drew no Republican opponent, but will face Democrat Green Party candidate Karen Morian in the General Election in November.
Scroll down to read about the candidates.
Karen Morian
PARTY: Green
OCCUPATION: Full-time faculty member, Florida State College at Jacksonville
EDUCATION: PhD, Florida State University; M.A., Florida State University;
B.A., Stetson University
CAMPAIGN WEBSITE: KarenMorian4FL.com | Facebook.com/KarenMorian4FL | TWITTER: @KarenMorian4FL
This candidate has not responded to WJXT/News4Jax.com's questionnaire.
Lake Ray III
PARTY: Republican
FAMILY: Wife, Brenda; 3 children: Lake IV, Forrest and Hampton
EDUCATION: B.S. civil engineering, University of Florida, 1981; A.A. St. Johns River Junior College, 1976
OCCUPATION: Engineer and vice president, Halcrow Inc.
POLITICAL EXPERIENCE: Representative, Florida House of Representatives (2008-present); former member, Jacksonville City Council (1999-2007)
FACEBOOK: Facebook.com/lakeray
This candidate has not responded to WJXT/News4Jax.com's questionnaire.
Copyright 2012 by News4Jax.com. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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NOTICE: Many events listed here have been canceled or postponed due to the Covid-19 emergency. It is best to call ahead or check with organizer's websites to verify the status of any local event.
Give us half a day and we'll give you back a month at our Foundations of Success Workshop Improve your productive use of time by at least 30 minutes per day...or we refund 100% of your fees! Over a year, that's a minimum of an extra month for you to invest in achieving your most important goals. "I can honestly say I think what I learned will change my life. I have already started to implement the actions and I find myself completing tasks and strangely having free time too! The LMI Day itself was delivered in a way that was extremely engaging and enjoyable. It was excellent value for money I would recommend to anyone in Business who is serious aboutusing their time more effectively and achieve the goals they want to in life" Adam Petford, Owner TheBizLinks Foundations of Success is a highly interactive Effective Personal Management & Communication workshop, with follow up support, offering ideas designed to help you become more effective on a day to day basis. Participants will be provided with an Effective Personal Management workbook, as well a practical planning & organisational system that will enable you to put what you have learnt into practice from day 1…and on a continual basis. "I was sceptical but wow I am so glad I went. I thought I would get the usual tips and unrealistic suggestions. What I got was a real practical toolkit and a burning desire to review how I work. I feel back in the room and in control of my workload. The day was fast moving, value for money and a real motivator for change that was realistic for anyone interested in achieving more in the same time. Thank you…New Year here I come…watch out I feel enabled!" Tracey Neuman, Director Brunswick Healthy Living Centre No more "forgotten after a week" training with this course! This Workshop will help you to: • Manage your workload more effectively • Reduce interruptions • Identify business AND personal goals • Set priorities in all areas of life • Communicate more effectively • Increase your confidence • Identify your 'High Payoff' activities • Feel more in control of the working day • Reduce stress • Improve your work / life balance • Achieve greater SUCCESS "incredibly useful – I have already found that the course has paid for itself after only two weeks, just by ensuring that my time is better used and I now have goals which I have set myself that keep me focused during my working day – I would recommend the course to anyone who is looking to improve their business and also themselves." Richard Hales, Director Charles Peters Recruitment Workshop Fee: £249 Includes: • Workbook • Commmunication Styles • Ongoing 'Success' Planning system • Follow up session to reinforce results and embed new habits
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Sowden Bottle | Light Yellow - Hay
- Measures Ø 7 X H 20.5 cm / Ø 2.8 X H 8.1 in
- Material: Stainless Steel / Polypropylene
- Volume 350 ml / 11.9 fl oz
Part of our Hay Collection
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165 results for "Paid KB membership"
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It seems to me that the best way to make the computer deliver less fuel in every throttle position and throughout the entire RPM range is to change the air/fuel ration in the EPROM. Just a guess, but a change from 14.7:1 to 15.7:1 at sea level would facilitate a leaner mix.
What happens if the HHO delivery systems fails? The computer would have to sense this somehow and default back to the original ratio.
I've been calling companies that sell aftermarket PCMs and repair OEM PCMs and nobody wants to mess with the universal constant of 14.7:1.
Anybody know of anyone that can rewrite a few lines of code? It's just software.


text:
A week ago I made the case that human-caused climate change should stop being a political football and that both parties should simply accept it as a reality. One pretty pervasive argument against global warming that I didn't address in that article was this one: that the belief in global warming is based on computer models that are inherently unreliable. I sent two of the most trenchant comments from that piece, from reader gwkimball and my Forbes colleague Daniel Fisher, to Donald Wuebbles, the Harry E. Preble Professor of Atmospheric Science at the University of Illinois, who I interviewed for the article. Below is an edited version of the question and of his response.
Update: The short version of this: all sciences use models; you don't need the models to prove that climate change is true.
All human-caused warming claims – ALL – depend on the computer climate models to back out the 'human' component originating in carbon dioxide. We just learned in the financial crisis, relying too much on mathematical models to predict the behavior of complex systems can be dangerous. Everybody knows it has been getting warmer since the ice age. How can the scientists convince skeptics a) there has been a non-random acceleration in the past 150 years and b) it is due to burning fossil fuels?
Wuebbles responds: "The basis for human activities being the primary driver of the recent changes in climate is observation and the physical understanding of the processes that drive our climate system. Models of these physical processes further add to this understanding, especially for the future projections of further changes, but the basic science is based on observation.
"It should be noted that people do depend on models throughout their lives. Airplanes are designed using models, flown using models, and the weather analyses they use are based on the models that are very much akin to our climate models. The models we use in study of the Earth's climate system are basically the integrators of our knowledge of how the atmosphere and Earth's climate work, and they do quite a good job of explaining it.
"We depend heavily on observations in our analyses. The well-measured CO2 increase exactly fits with our understanding of the carbon cycle as being associated with the burning of fossil fuels and land use change. There is NO other explanation for the increase in CO2. You can't just say it is natural cycles when the ice core observations show that CO2 levels haven't been as high as they are now (or even close to as high as they are now) for over 800,000 years.
"Going further, we have observation-based analyses of the past 2000 years that tell us the changes in climate we have seen in the last 50 years are way outside the norm. Plus they fit with our basic understanding of the greenhouse effect that go back nearly two centuries. There are no natural cycles that can explain all of the observed changes we are seeing on Earth -- the atmospheric is warming, the oceans are warming, the land is warming, and the ice is melting. Climate does not change randomly, it changes beyond the normal natural variability due to external forcings. In the past, nature played the major role in those through changes in the solar flux or through large volcanic eruptions. But nature cannot explain what we have seen the last 50 years (the Sun has actually decreased in flux slightly over that time). But the greenhouse effect and the increasing greenhouse gases do fit.
"What we are experiencing is outside of anything humans have seen on our planet and the only explanation that makes any real sense is that it is due to human actions."
I believe this is biology's century. I've covered science and medicine for Forbes from the Human Genome Project through Vioxx to the blossoming DNA technology changing…
I believe this is biology's century. I've covered science and medicine for Forbes from the Human Genome Project through Vioxx to the blossoming DNA technology changing the world today. Email me, follow me on Twitter, circle me onGoogle Plus, or subscribe to my Facebook page.


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Below are examples of some of the free articles we offer.
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#1 "Conservative & Powerful Betting Strategy"
It's not easy to become a long term profitable horseplayer Unless you have the skill and a solid plan, you're just gonna' end up frustrated and possibly.
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You need an advantage to make a profit in this game. This strategy is set up so that you will automatically only bet when that opportunity exists. blow your bankroll....again.
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This extremely popular fractional wager gives players a chance to receive a large return on a small investment.
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This is a proven strategy that is structured for consistency and value. It can be used in any race and at any track!
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The exacta wager is a very popular bet, quite possibly the most popular form of exotic wager all time. Having a solid plan is the foundation of wagering success.
#8 "FCR Proven Pick-6 Strategy"
This strategy shows you what to look for in singles for the pick 6 which will be the key to your success in playing the pick 6 wager.
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A big game pick 4 is one that pays very well due to an overlay/longshot winning one or more legs of the wager. Our strategy here is to SINGLE that longshot and win with consistency without investing a fortune.
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How many times have you liked a horse at good odds and bet him in the exacta or trifecta? The horse wins but you didn't cash a ticket. Sound familiar? This strategy resolves that issue.
#11 "RSA 3-Step Superfecta Strategy"
You probably have noticed how lucrative superfecta payouts are compared to trifecta payouts. They even pay huge amounts in small fields! These are the 3 simple steps to successful superfecta wagers.
#12 "POP Pick 3 Strategy"
Possibly the best wager offered in this game. You can get overlay payoffs on a 3 race multiple win bet which reduces the takeout. Could we ask for anything better?
"FCR $0.50 Cent Pick Five Strategy"
This strategy shows you what to look for in singles for the $0.50 Cent pick 5 which will be the key to your success in playing the pick 5 wager.
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This strategy is very simple, enjoyable and profitable long term. Years of studies have shown a certain overlay trend.
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The exacta wager is probably one of the most popular bets for many horseplayers however there are not that many popular exacta strategies published.
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Finally a strategy that gets a triple payout! The strategy has a "built in" wagering strategy that uses the power of the "key horse". Using this strategy you will have a lot of fun, a lot of success and it is very easy to implement.
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We have discovered a way, after a long study, to make place bets successfully. Place bets in certain situations are actually recommended as prime bets and hedge bets. Yes there is a way to place bet successfully - 2 Situations!
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The pick 4 wager has grown to be one of the most popular wagers at the tracks that offer it. These are some excellent strategies to use when playing this type of wager.
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There is solid profit to be found using this classic information.
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For certain situations the formula for the dutching method works better than anything else.
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Betting overlays and value odds horses to win will give you the edge. A definite long-term trend of big winners that have Our True Odds of between 2-1 and 6-1.
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This angle is so simple yet powerful. It can be applied to any type of race. Any distance, any surface, any class level, any racetrack, etc.
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$2 Daily Doubles = $67.60 & $342.20
$1 Trifecta = $1,106.50
$0.10 Cent Superfecta = $684.23
$1 Pick Three = $1,107.00
Total Returned =
Following Our Exact Proven Strategies
"How to Structure a
Winning Longshot Single in the Pick 4"
Discovery Video #271
(FCR True Odds 7-2)
with Best Final Time on Turf, Successful Trainer Pattern, Overlay Trainer and J/T Team Having Good Meet in HIGHLY RATED 6 STAR PREFERRED RACE "
$14 Win Bet = $133.00
$2 Exacta = $142.00
$1 Trifecta = $239.60
$0.10 Cent Superfecta = $134.34
$2 Daily Double = $178.40
$1 Pick Threes = $377.60 & $781.90
$1 Pick Four = $2,820.30
Total Returned =
Following Our Exact Proven Strategies
"Wager Like a Tournament Winning Horseplayer"
Discovery Video #270
(FCR True Odds 4-5 this is not a misprint)
with Best Total Pace, Best Turn Time Rating, Best FCR Speed Figures, Successful Trainer Pattern and Winning Overlay Situations Q, S, X in HIGHLY RATED 5 1/2 STAR PREFERRED RACE"
$14 Win Bet = $176.40
$2 Exacta = $273.00
$2 Daily Double = $155.00
$1 Cent Trifecta = $652.00
$0.10 Cent Superfecta = $558.25
Total Returned =
Following Our Exact Proven Strategies
"How to Successfully Play a 25-1 Shot and Have Confidence in Doing So"
Discovery Video #268
(FCR True Odds 3-1)
with Best Early/Mid Pace, Best Total Pace, Best Turn Time Rating, Best Exotic Longshot Points (#35) and Super Pace Angle S, the Pace Trifecta in HIGHEST RATED 6 STAR PREFERRED RACE (Also highest rated horse and race of the day) "
$14 Win Bet = $378.00
$2 COLD Exacta = $339.20
$2 Daily Doubles = $207.20 & $1,937.80 (not a misprint)
$1 Cent Trifecta = $627.40
$0.10 Cent Superfecta = $336.77
$1 Pick Threes = $207.20
Total Returned =
Following Our Exact Proven Strategies
"Play a Pick 4 Ticket You Can Be Proud Of"
Discovery Video #267
(FCR True Odds 5-1)
with Positive Jockey Switch, 2nd Time Lasix and Angle (#17) in HIGHLY RATED 5 STAR PREFERRED RACE (Highest Rated Race of the Day) "
$14 Win Bet = $284.20
$2 Exacta = $108.40
$2 Daily Doubles = $221.20 & $143.80
$1 Trifecta = $302.70
$0.10 Cent Superfecta = $348.30
$1 Pick Threes = $271.10, $663.60 & $395.50
$1 Pick Four = $3,027.40
Total Returned =
Following Our Exact Proven Strategies
"Little Known Ways to Modern Day Handicapping"
Discovery Video #266
with Best Early/Mid Pace, Perfect Workout Points (#34), Best Exotic Longshot Points (#35) and Winning Overlay Situations S, W, X, Y and Top Broodmare Sire in HIGHLY RATED 5 STAR PREFERRED RACE "
$14 Win Bet = $239.40
$2 Exacta = $146.20
$2 Daily Doubles = $121.40 & $176.80
$1 Cent Trifecta = $226.20
$0.10 Cent Superfecta = $73.62
$1 Pick Threes = $311.60 & $501.30
Total Returned =
Following Our Exact Proven Strategies
What is Full Card Reports?
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NHL is a type of cancer in the lymphatic system. The lymphatic system is part of the immune system. It helps to fight diseases and infections. The lymphatic system also helps with balancing fluids in different parts of the body. The lymphatic system includes:
NHL causes abnormal growth of the cells in the lymphatic system. Over time this causes tumors to grow. The cells can also spread to other organs and tissues in the body (metastasis). NHL is a rare disease in children. It can occur at any age, and affects boys more often than girls.
There are different types of NHL in children. But most tend to grow quickly. Your care team may order different tests based on what type of lymphoma is found. Treatment options are based on the specific type of lymphoma as well.
Researchers don't know the exact cause of NHL. Genes and some viral infections may increase a child's risk of having NHL. Conditions that are linked to NHL include:
In many cases, NHL in children may not cause symptoms until it has grown or spread. Many children have advanced disease at the time of diagnosis. This is because the symptoms start suddenly, and the tumors tend to grow fast. A child can become very sick in a few days to a few weeks.
Signs and symptoms vary depending on the type of NHL.
Symptoms of a belly (abdominal) tumor can include:
Symptoms of a chest tumor include:
Other symptoms may include:
The symptoms of NHL can be like other health conditions. Make sure your child sees a healthcare provider for a diagnosis.
Your child's healthcare provider will ask about your child's health history and symptoms. He or she will examine your child. Your child may have tests such as:
Part of diagnosing cancer is called staging. Staging is the process of seeing if the cancer has spread, and where it has spread. Staging also helps to decide the treatment. There are different ways of staging used for NHL. Talk with your child's healthcare provider about the stage of your child's cancer. One method of staging NHL in children is the following:
Treatment will depend on the type and stage. NHL can be treated with any of the below:
Your child will need follow-up care during and after treatment to:
With treatment, most children with NHL go on to live long lives. With any cancer, how well a child is expected to recover (prognosis) varies. Keep in mind:
Possible complications depend on the type and stage of the lymphoma, and can include:
Treatment may also cause complications. They can include:
You can help your child manage his or her treatment in many ways. For example:
Call the healthcare provider if your child has:


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This is Dustin McCombs. The Jefferson County Sheriff's Office, in Alabama, is accusing him of being a "rapist by force." They posted his mugshot on their Facebook page's Creep of the Week page. When Dustin McCombs learned about it, he was naturally pissed off, so he did what comes most naturally on the internet. He started to troll the sheriff.
This is the clusterf*ck that ensued in the picture comments.
McCombs' first reply to the posting of the wanted "rape by force" mugshot.
Instead of shutting him down, whoever runs the sheriff's office Facebook page immediately takes the bait and trolls back. McCombs replies that he's getting a lawyer and asks if he can turn himself in to a "nicer" county.
Sheriff keeps talking.
The sheriff offers to talk to McCombs via email, but the suspect prefers to talk in public on Facebook.
The dumb kid just can't stop talking, now asking the police for legal advice.
This is like watching a train crash in slow motion.
McCombs accuses the cops of defamation of character for posting the mugshot. He has a point. How can the police classify anyone as "creep of the week" when these people have not been convicted yet. He may be innocent.
Some dude piles on. People are so nice. Isn't accessory to trolling a misdemeanor?
The police finally realize that it's dumb to put up this public show.
McCombs finally posts the obligatory "I didn't do it." Just after this, the whole mugshot and conversation was deleted by the sheriff's office.
Part of Jefferson County Sheriff Office's Facebook Creep of the Week page, now without McComb's mug shot or conversation. [The Daily What via Buzzfeed]


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A psychiatrist treats a wide range of mental disorder. Some of the most common diseases and disorders treated by a psychiatrist are depression, personality disorder, anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, eating disorder, addictive behavior, ADHD, obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, psychosis, etc.
Some of the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder include washing hands frequently, constant unwanted thoughts, cleaning things a lot, fear of losing something or someone, repeating certain words, anxiety, social isolation, panic attack, constant checking, failing to attend office and schools etc. Having experienced these symptoms, you are recommended to consult psychiatrist to treat your condition.
Depression leads to emotional pain. But, it can adversely affect your body and overall health in many ways. According to expert psychiatrists, depression is a risk factor for many health issues and may also worsen the pre-existing illness. The wide range of illnesses associated with depression are arthritis, gastroenteritis, irritable bowel syndrome, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, schizophrenia, stroke, diabetes, cold etc.
A psychiatrist is a doctor who is specialized in treating mental illnesses, behavioral and emotional disorders. There is a wide range of psychiatric disorders such as depression, schizophrenia, eating disorders and addictive behaviors that affect overall health and mental wellbeing. Having diagnosed your symptoms and conditions you are advised to talk to your doctor. Your General Practitioner may advise you to consult a psychiatrist for better treatment. Or, you may consult psychiatrist directly. After assessing conditions your psychiatrist can prescribe medication depending on the severity of the disease.
The symptoms of a psychiatric disorder vary from patients to patients and depend on the severity and length of the diseases. Some of the psychiatric symptoms include feeling sad, feeling low, confused thinking, excessive fear, worries, mood changes, withdrawal from friends, tiredness, delusion, alcohol abuse, excessive anger, suicidal thinking, etc.
At doctoriduniya, you can access a list of the best psychiatrist, book online appointment and consult with them. In any medical emergency feel free to visit www.doctoriduniya.com.


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A wintry day for Dec. 1st, the darkest month. It has been several showers, one at dinner time very heavy. Rene got home just in time. She had been washing, had got some dry and left some out. It dried during afternoon so hope she found them all dry. We picked most of the chrys[anth] buds yesterday. I have a bucket-full in shed, hope some of them will keep until Xmas, less than a month away. I have a lot in vases and bowls indoors, they have never been so lovely as this year. The weather has been open so long and we have had no gales to lash them to pieces. Had a "fry" and some "scraps" from Mary's, their pig weighs 26 st. Father fetched ours from Holmes today, that is the little one and Eff's. [Aside: From Holmes we got 2 black little pigs £1 each.] Father killed 2 young rabbits today as Amy and Ken are coming and Wed. is rather awkward for meat. I shall stew them I think. They are nearly 4 months old. Have made a plum pie from plums bottled at home. I expect I shall make Ken his favourite rice pudding. Then with potatoes and turnip and swede we shall have quite a pre-war dinner. Rene will be selling "flags" for parcels for our war prisoners. Cookie has a cold. I keep telling him not to leave it here, perhaps it's taken effect as he just looked in for his ink and departed for bed, or he may be taking care of his reputation! as Father is on watch.
I wish Jean would come, she went to Colleen's for tea and it is very ground dark. Father lent her his torch. Aunt J[essie] was fetching Mavis at 8.30. So will see Jean and Flora on to the road. It is a little after that now so she should be here very soon. She has still some home-work to do. Rene has let her have her plaid dress. I shortened it this afternoon, it looks very nice. She is also bringing her 2 pairs pyjamas, must make her some return. It is very nice for some things being so comfortably fixed, tho' I expect it is a doubtful blessing to Jean or at least she will think it so as she gets a bit tired of "second-hand" things. If all is well she will be able to earn her own in 2 years time. Still the others have been useful and some of them very good too. Kirks horse knocked another hole in asbestos garage today. It is past a joke. Hallgarth has got a star to wear on his [Coastguard] uniform at least one on each sleeve. He is very fussy and got them sewn on at once. Have just been to the gate to look for Jean. Mr Hall came along from garage and said he had rung thro' just before he left home and they were still at party. He will bring her home, he is fetching them if they have not got to his shop before him. It is not too dark after being out a bit but I could not find the gate catch when I went out. Think I will have a bit more supper when Jean comes. I get faint in the night if I am awake a lot.
Holmes was probably the farmer at 'Charity Farm' in Hogsthorpe. The farm was so-named as it helped to finance 'Goodwin's Charity' which provided grants, e.g. for tools or clothing, to school-leavers starting working life.
The asbestos garage was where Will kept his car, behind one of the nearby houses owned by Ashleys, adjoining Kirks' land (see 11 Apr. 1942).
Have you read an introduction to May Hill & family (includes photographs) and explored 'The Casualties Were Small'?


text:
Portraits: New Dutch Film Authors
gallery | image 5 of 8
Fow Pyng Hu, dutch film director, known for feature films Jacky (co-director) and Paradise Girls among others.
> Add to Lightbox
filename: Fow Pyng Hu
Hello, I am Bram Belloni. Freelance photographer and waking up most of the days in the city of Amsterdam. When I'm not out for editorial assignments, I'm working on my own projects. Which are in short, an ongoing exercise in understanding and documenting human life.
read more about me
All content © 2013 by Bram Belloni, all rights reserved
Please respect the works of others
terms and conditions bram belloni
credits website


text:
The world's greatest ground? A photographic centenary celebration of Highbury
We are part of The Trust Project What is it?
54. A new domesticity
Although it may have initially seemed an awkward obstacle, the Grade II-listed status of the East and West Stands may have ended up helping Arsenal financially.
Retaining the outward appearance of the old ground maintained an aesthetically acceptable continuity to the neighbouring streets – and indeed as architecture critic Rowan Moore has pointed out, allowed the construction of more apartments in a taller block than the planning department may otherwise have allowed in the relatively low-rise streets of Highbury.
It cost Arsenal £130m to build the 650 apartments of Highbury Square, ranging in price from £250,000 to £1.5m. Housing-market worries after the 2008 global financial crisis caused the club some concern, and 150 properties were sold off to a developer at a 20% discount after some buyers failed to complete their purchases, but Highbury Square cleared its debts to the club by 2010.


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Five tips from productivity expert ACCO Brands help to make family vacations manageable and enjoyable
School's out, the summer is here, and with it comes family vacations. This, in itself, brings a feeling of uneasiness to many, primarily due to lack of planning and ill-defined schedules. But rest easy—we have several tips to help you get the most out of your vacation this summer.
"Most vacations are planned with only the best of intentions—but are they WELL-planned?" asks Lissa Cupp, vice president, e-Commerce and Consumer Marketing, ACCO Brands. "Poor organization can make the most well-intentioned family vacations go awry. Proper planning and time management will afford families the time to relax and enjoy their trips."
Here are several steps you can take to get organized for your vacation:
Write it down to get around: Use a daily planner or calendar to create a "vacation map" to track all your intended activities and destinations. Plan out each day so you can easily refer to where you have been, where you are and where you still want to go. Be sure not to over-book yourself.
Do your homework: Prepare your trip in advance, as much as possible.
- Make a list of the attractions you want to visit and check ahead to find out the busiest times.
- Purchase tickets for attractions and events in advance whenever possible. Use a pocketed file or organizer to keep your tickets, itineraries and other trip materials in order.
- Gather and organize items needed during the trip, including clothes, toiletries, snacks, electronics and other equipment, including chargers and adapters.
- Don't rely completely on your GPS—plan your driving routes. Check on current and future road construction along your routes, as well.
Perform the "21-point inspection": For those vacations that include a long drive, perform a thorough checkup on your vehicle. You might not know all 21 points on your car but some of the most important ones can be easily checked, including fluids and tires. Consult your auto record book to see what maintenance is due on the vehicle before you leave.
Takeoff to a great vacation: When traveling by air, many things like delays and lost baggage are out of your control. However, you can take steps to make your experience more pleasant.
- Get a ride to the airport to avoid parking.
- Check for flight delays online or via smart phone apps.
- Leave your family some extra time to get settled.
- Take an earlier flight so that your family can hit the ground running on the first full day.
- Come back a day early so you can ease back into your daily routine.
A day of relaxation: A family vacation can tire you out just as much as an everyday job. Give yourself a day of relaxation. Plan some free time for the final day of your trip. That extra day will give your family the flexibility to do something they might not have been able to do during the course of the week. Maybe you'd simply like to relax and unwind. " Isn't that why you took a vacation in the first place?" adds Cupp.
Get more tips on planning, organizing and productivity for every facet of your life by visiting the Day-Timer and the AT-A-GLANCE Success Centers.
[photo by myoldpostcards]


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Download AIEEE 2009 solutions here. These are courtesy Career Launcher's ARC programme.
- AIEEE 2009 Analysis (PDF, ~87 KB): Analysis of AIEEE, including comparisons to AIEEE 2008.
- AIEEE 2009 Solutions (PDF, ~53 KB): Answer key to Set A of AIEEE 2009 paper.
(This list will be updated in case Career Launcher puts up more documents related to AIEEE 2009.)


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Since 1933, Crescent City, California, a small city south of the Oregon border, has been ravaged by 31 tsunamis, more than any other city in the United States. The tsunamis caused by Japan's earthquake were expected to hit hardest in Crescent City and actually ended up causing significant damage to boats in the harbour and most of the docks.
But why do so many tsunamis end up hitting Crescent City the hardest? According to Slate:
The main culprit is the Mendocino Fracture Zone, an underwater elevation extending westward that guides tsunamis into deeper water, where they pick up speed as they approach the mainland. The West Coast's topography around Crescent City curves inland, which intensifies a tsunami's effect, and the shoreline of Crescent City itself is (as the name suggests) a curve within that curve.
Update: Fuck. SF Weekly reports that four people have been swept out to the see and one could be dead.
Image Credit: Bears in Space


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Welcome to Top Found Footage Films – the place to be for all the best found footage horror movies out there! Our passion is your passion and we aim to please….
Whether you are stuck in the woods with some old hag battering your tent, trying to catch some paranormal activity at home with your wife's camcorder, stuck inside an abandoned asylum or simply searching for Bigfoot….you're all welcome here!
Ah I still remember the days when a pirate copy of Alien Abduction: Incident in Lake County sat proudly on my bedroom shelf…..how things have changed since then!
These days all you need to do is pop down your local store, pick up a HD camcorder, grab a few friends and smash out a YouTube Blockbuster!
And the coolest thing about this genre of horror movie….you don't need to be able to act!
A few 'is anyone there?' linked to a few 'did you hear that?' and bang – top found footage films at their best!
Seriously guys it ain't about the acting any longer (although granted, it does help!) as the best found footage horror flicks rely on atmosphere.
This is where the genre comes into it's own – where it evolves above the other horror genres and grasps us all firmly by the neck!
Our site Top Found Footage Films owes it's existence to a couple of visionary directors who bent Hollywood over a barrel and went to town!
I'm talking about Daniel Myrick and Eduardo Sánchez – directors of a little known 1999 horror flick called The Blair Witch Project.
Who would of thought that three so-called students disappearing in a forest in Maryland would have kicked up so much of a stir!
Widely considered one of the best found footage horror movies ever made – this is the benchmark all newcomers try to reach.
But that was back in the nineties – things have moved on a little since then! Studios are beginning to realize the cash cow that top found footage films provide.
All of a sudden C.G.I. and half decent actors are making their way in front of the camcorder…..are things changing for the better?
Hell yeah they are! It doesn't matter if the film budget is $20 million or $5 – if done correctly you will crap yourself! New producers are now using this format of horror to get noticed on a budget – how cool is that?
I stick to my principal that the top found footage films are the ones that manage to capture the atmosphere – and that costs nothing (well maybe the price of petrol journey to a forest at night but that's about it!).
So sit back and enjoy the ride friends – I know I will!
Here at Top Found Footage Films we plan to bring you the best found footage horror movies available. We don't care the about the budget, the country of origin, the language or the quality – if the camcorder shakes we wanna review it!


text:
Regaining Health With Wellness Consultant
"Most people feel like they can't change their body,� adds Ohayia. "Not true.�
[Health News]
The weight problems plaguing the population across the country are no surprise to those in the healthcare industry.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, obesity among adults has risen significantly over the last 20 years, with 30 percent of U.S. adults being obese, totaling over 60 million people.
What's more, sales of products in the diet industry run into the billions of dollars each year. Many adults with health issues are trying to find an easy fix. But the answer, according to experts, can't be found in a magic pill that will help people change their life overnight. Rather, it's a lifestyle change that involves exercise, diet and, most of all, the motivation to stick to the changes.
"People find it hard to believe that in my 40s I look better than I did 15 years ago," explains Joy Ohayia, founder of QuantumQuest (www.quantumquestonline.com), a company specializing in motivating individuals and corporations to improve their body image. "The key is making healthy choices a part of your daily life. I made the changes to turn back the clock, and I believe others can, too."
Ohayia, a certified personal trainer and wellness consultant, is the author of "Don't Let 'IT' Get You! An Empowering Health and Fitness Guide for Women" (iUniverse, 2007), a guide to help women reach mental, physical and emotional health. Through the QuantumQuest System (TM): Perfect Combination, a 30-day program, which includes fitness counseling, a nutrition plan and motivational techniques, she's helped people change their lives.
"Most people feel like they can't change their body," adds Ohayia. "Not true. By putting yourself first and making lifestyle changes, through diet and exercise, you can create a new image."
To comment or to subscribe to or advertise in New York's leading Pan African weekly investigative newspaper, or to send us a news tip, please call (212) 481-7745 or send a note to email@example.com
Also visit out sister publications Harlem Business News www.harlembusinessnews.com and The Groove music magazine at www.thegroovemag.com
"Speaking Truth To Empower."
Latest comments
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I think you have "Filtered HTML" turned on here. If you switch to "Full HTML," it will probably...
googletag.pubads().definePassback('6785150/BENN/BlackStarNews', [[300,250]]).setTargeting('fold',['BTF']).display();


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It's no secret that many large and small/medium sized businesses (SMBs) have plunged into the world of social media with a variety of goals, on a variety of channels and at varying frequency. This may seem like an obvious statement, and it very well may be. But I believe that many small and medium businesses have only tapped the surface in terms of the value that can be gained from social activity, especially considering the relatively low investment required to begin participating in the social sphere.
Marcy, our SMB expert and author of the "SMB Cloud Series" (be sure to check out her posts on Cloud Storage, The Mobile Web, and Accounting in the Cloud – stay tuned for more in the series!) steered the ship on the below video outlining how BlackBerry can help SMB's stay connected to the social web.
[YouTube link for mobile viewing]
I won't get into pages and pages of how businesses can use social media to drive value, but know that there is activity in the social media space around customer relationship management, content and engagement for brand awareness, a wide reach for communication, customer service and support, recruitment, and market insights for uses like product or service development (to name a few). Feel free to check out a whitepaper on Mobile Social Networking via Computerworld.
A Million Things to Do
Running a small or medium sized business clearly means taking on a variety of roles as an individual, and you may not yet be at the point where you can bring in a few social media managers, community managers, copywriters, and platform experts. For you (or whoever is heading up your social initiatives), staying connected and keeping tabs on multiple social channels can prove to be challenging and time-consuming. This is where we can help! BlackBerry software and operating systems on smartphones and tablets have become progressively social-friendly, and are now at the point where they can serve as your hub of communications to not only monitor, but also actively engage in social activities in pursuit of your business goals.
Consolidate your social media management into one place and take it with you on the go with social applications, including BlackBerry Social Feeds and a unified inbox, available for BlackBerry devices. Don't forget to stay looped into our very own BlackBerry social communities too!
How does your business use social media? Share in the comments below.


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Retention and exclusion
In many applications, the exclusion of contaminants is just as important as lubricant retention. Seals with an auxiliary lip, like the HMSA10 seals (fig 1), are appropriate for these applications.
Under extremely tough operating conditions, SKF recommends using HDDF metal face seals (fig 5) provided that the sliding velocity of the mating surfaces lies within the permissible range.


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For Immediate Release
Lavera / True Natural
Uli Jacob / Victor Tang
425.284.6266 x709
[email protected]
Perfect Your Look This Spring With Lavera Eyeshadows, Powders & Mascaras
THINK: The perfect eye shadows, rouges and mascaras with no talc or any irritating ingredient
WHAT IT IS: Natural makeup for a healthy, beautiful finish. The natural beauty experts at Lavera continue to innovate their products and now they have perfected their Eye shadows and powders contain zero talc. Like all Lavera products, the new range of shadows and rouges for the sun season are 100% free from parabens, preservatives, synthetic fragrances and petroleum ingredients as well as BDIH certified and dermatologist tested.
Products include:
• Lavera Beautiful Mineral Eye shadow ($16.50): This creaseless formula is enriched with nourishing minerals and oils as well as organic flower essences. Our super-rich shadow provides a flawless finish while illuminating eyes for maximum impact. All Lavera eye shadows contain a slight shimmer and come in 8 new shades!
• Lavera Mineral Sun Glow Powder ($22.50): This natural-looking bronzing powder imparts the ultimate shimmering bronze glow, made exclusively with natural ingredients and contains organic licorice root extract and organic flower essences to calm and soothe skin. Brush on for sleek, sculpted-looking cheekbones or simply to give the face and neckline a sun-kissed radiance.
• Double Black Mascara – Black ($23.60): This multi-tasking mascara coats lashes in rich black color creating a dramatic, gorgeous look. This eco-tech formula comes with two unique brushes-a precision brush to lengthen and separate for ultimate impact and a volume brush to set the look in place and create a breathtaking full fan of lashes. Natural ingredients such as organic beeswax and refined mineral pigments make for long-lasting hold.
WHERE TO FIND: www.lavera.com
About Lavera: Since its founding in 1987, Lavera brand grown to include more than 300 natural and organic skincare products. Lavera health and beauty products are currently sold in more than 24,000 locations in 25 different countries. The natural skincare market leader in Europe, Lavera celebrates its 25 year anniversary this year! Lavera was awarded the title of "Greenest Beauty Brand" for the second consecutive year by the prestigious OEKO-Test magazine in Germany, beating out 32 other companies. Headquartered in Kirkland, Washington, the North American Division was formed in the late 1990s. For more information on Lavera, please visit www.lavera.com.
Lavera / True Natural
13611 NE 126th PL #200, Kirkland WA 98034
Tel: 877-515-8783 Email: email@example.com
Website: www.loveTrueNatural.com
Made by Nature, Made to Work!


text:
Christopher Hitchens (1949 - 2011) was an Anglo-American author and journalist. His books made him a prominent public intellectual and a staple of talk shows and lecture circuits. He was a columnist and literary critic at Vanity Fair, Slate, The Atlantic, World Affairs, The Nation, Free Inquiry and a variety of other media outlets. He was named one of the world's "Top 100 Public Intellectuals" by Foreign Policy and Britain's Prospect.
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