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Your dentist or prosthodontist will likely determine your candidacy for pre-prosthetic surgery during your denture consultation. The need for such procedures is based on the shape and contours of your mouth, especially your alveolar ridge and gums. If you have abnormal bone development, a denture may fit loosely. In addition, food and bacteria can more easily accumulate beneath ill-fitting dentures, increasing your risk for gum disease and chronic bad breath. You may also need pre-prosthetic surgery if you have suffered jawbone recession following tooth loss or have excess gum tissue that interferes with your restoration.
You must be healthy enough to undergo surgery in order to qualify. If you have a systemic health condition that compromises your body's ability to heal, you may not be eligible for treatment.
When designing your treatment plan, your doctor will take into account:
Depending upon the extent of your surgery, your doctor may collaborate with a surgeon or prosthodontist.
In order to ensure a successful treatment, there are several preparatory steps you can take. Smoking can interfere with healing, so you should stop at least three weeks before surgery. Make sure to refrain from smoking for several weeks after surgery as well. You may also need to stop taking certain medications, such as blood thinners. Be prepared to discuss any medications you are taking with your doctor during the consultation.
By improving the fit of dentures, pre-prosthetic surgery can safeguard your oral health.
To determine the right form of surgery for you, your doctor will assess the root cause of irregularities. Treatment may include bone reshaping, ridge augmentation, or removing excess tissue.
An uneven alveolar ridge will result in a loose denture. You could also suffer from sore spots, due to uneven pressure from your prosthetic. Ragged bone may be congenital. More often, it is the result of tooth removal, which can leave uneven bone around the extraction site. Your surgeon can carefully reshape the area, trimming away excess tissue. Alveoloplasty can be performed in conjunction with tooth extraction.
Abnormal bone development in your mouth is not unusual, and it is not typically a cause for concern. Small growths do not always need to be removed, but moderate to large irregularities can significantly affect the fit of your denture. Certain types of growths almost always need to be removed. These include exostoses, found on the outer edge of the alveolar ridge and touching the lips and cheeks, and tori, which are found on the lower alveolar ridge touching the tongue or on the roof of the mouth. Growths on your hard palate may need to be removed if they interfere with an upper denture or cause speech impediments.
Insufficient bone tissue can cause just as many problems as excess tissue. After you lose teeth, your alveolar ridge can start to shrink. This can impact the fit of your denture and lead to more widespread tooth loss, as the bone continues to recede and pull away from the tooth roots. During ridge augmentation, your oral surgeon will place a bone graft to fill the shrunken areas of your alveolar ridge. Your doctor may use your own bone, animal bone, donor bone, or a synthetic material.
Excess or uneven soft tissue can result in an ill-fitting denture. Fortunately, gum surgery is typically faster and less invasive than treatments that target the bone. In many cases, your doctor can excise tissue with a diode laser. As this device will seal your blood vessels simultaneously, you should experience minimal bleeding and swelling, as well as a quick recovery.
Less commonly, your doctor will recommend vestibuloplasty to build up an insufficient alveolar ridge. During the procedure, your doctor can lower the muscles attached to labial, buccal, and lingual parts of the jaws.
Sometimes, your teeth may keep a denture from fitting correctly, particularly if they are severely misaligned. Impacted teeth, which are not able to erupt fully, can also interfere with the fit of your restoration. As a result, your dentist may need to remove teeth before providing your denture. Some extractions are simple, and others teeth require surgical extraction. To remove an impacted tooth, your doctor will also need to clear away the overlying bone or gum tissue, which requires more complex surgical techniques.
Your recovery from pre-prosthetic surgery will largely depend on the type and extent of your procedure. It is common to experience some swelling and inflammation after most treatments. Your doctor may prescribe anti-inflammatories, and you can also take over-the-counter medications to minimize discomfort.
If your doctor had to create incisions, you should be sure to use gentle brushing and flossing techniques near the surgical site. Depending on the type of surgery, you may be able to go back to work the next day, but you should be cautious. Get plenty of rest, listen to your body, and do not be afraid to take additional time off, if needed.
Your doctor may also suggest a special diet during your recovery. For several days, you may need to eat soft foods, gradually expanding your diet as healing progresses. Spices can irritate your gums, as can foods with small pieces, like popcorn, nuts, and seeds. You may need to avoid these foods for several weeks.
Your exact recovery time will vary. If you undergo gum excision, healing will usually be complete in a week or so. On the other hand, if your doctor performs ridge augmentation, healing may take as long as six to nine months. Fortunately, your doctor can usually provide a temporary restoration in the interim. You will receive your final denture when you have healed completely.
While advanced techniques and technology have reduced the likelihood of complications, issues can arise. You should be on the lookout for:
Choosing a qualified surgeon is the most effective way to reduce your risks.
Pre-prosthetic surgery offers several important benefits:
Speak to your dentist to learn more about pre-prosthetic surgery and to find out which options are available to you.


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Welcome to Continuing Educational Services
Continuing Educational Services' featured speaker is Khash Saghafi, a nationally renowned speaker in regards to the banking & mortgage lending industry. Khash Saghafi has traveled throughout the country putting on educational venues for Real Estate Agents, Attorneys, various investment groups and Homebuyers & Homeowners. Khash has covered topics including No Money Down Purchases, The Economic and Real Estate Outlook, Managing Your Assets, Credit Repair, Investment Property Purchases and that is only a few. Read more »
Continuing Educational Services provides seminars geared towards the economy and real estate with a special focus on mortgage lending. Information from various sources is brought together, simplified and presented so that consumers may have a better understanding and better experience in regards to their financial and real estate endeavors.
In an ever changing market, it is extremely important that those individuals who work with consumers with mortgage needs can lend their expertise and guidance to the consumer so that sound financial decisions may be made. Continuing Educational Services offers seminars for realtors, attorneys, colleges and universities and private businesses.
Some of the topics presented include No Money Down Purchases, Investment Property Purchases, Understanding Credit, the Economic Outlook, Reverse Mortgages and Helpful Advice for Struggling Homeowners. These are only some of the many topics offered by Continuing Educational Services.
For a full schedule of topics, dates, times or even an opportunity to have us come into your office or school, please call Danielle at 1-440-665-7627. We are an accredited business of the Better Business Bureau.

subset: commoncrawl


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Why BSIT at Barry?
Earn a Bachelor of Science in Information Technology (BSIT) from Barry University – on your schedule and at a location near you. Barry is a fully accredited university that has been providing students with a quality education in a caring and traditional environment since the 1940's. The BSIT degree prepares you for an exciting future and empowers you with the technical, business process management, and leadership skills necessary to compete and excel in today's age of innovation. The program is designed to provide students with both the theoretical knowledge and technical skills required to properly analyze, design, implement, and support information technology (IT) solutions in a variety of business settings. Students also have the option of specializing in the technology and management domains of Network and Systems Engineering, or Information Systems Administration.
The BSIT program of study enables students to:
- acquire the knowledge and skills required to excel as an information technology professional
- become familiar with current technologies, tools, and methodologies that lead to the development of better information systems
- understand the different components of the information technology field, including hardware, software, communication, networking, research, and people
- learn how to methodically and practically approach a variety of technological and managerial issues to ultimately improve business strategies and competitive advantage
- analyze and evaluate organizational systems and processes to recommend software solutions that meet an organization's needs and goals
- earn up to 30 credits for professional experience and community service
Additionally, many of our core and elective courses are aligned with current industry certifications from Microsoft, Cisco, and CompTIA that aim to certify a professional's knowledge and skills. This allows you to work towards advancing your professional IT credentials while earning a bachelor's degree. Depending on the courses selected, opportunities exist to receive the necessary foundation to assist in preparing for the following certifications:
- CompTIA's A+, Network+, Security+, and Linux+
- Microsoft's Certified IT Professional (MCITP), Certified Technology Specialist (MCTS), Certified Systems Administrator (MCSA), Certified Professional (MCP)
- Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA)
Barry University is accredited by the Commission on Colleges of the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools to award bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees
Barry is an international Catholic university in South Florida. Barry offers more than 60 traditional undergraduate programs, accelerated bachelor's programs designed specifically for working adults, and more than50 graduate programs, with master's, specialists, doctoral, and professional degrees awarded. For the seventh years in a row, U.S. News and World Report Best Colleges Edition once again ranks the academic quality of Barry University as one of the strongest in South Florida. In the report, Barry was ranked as number one for campus diversity among schools, and it has maintained its position in the second tier of master's-granting universities in the South. The only other university in South Florida to make it to the second tier of its category was the University of Miami. In addition, Barry University has been named "Best Private University or College," according to South Florida CEO magazine. The ranking is part of a South Florida "Best in Business" list compiled for the magazine's Jan. 2007 issue. Furthermore, Barry is the only AACSB-accredited Catholic university in Florida and in all the southeastern states east of New Orleans. The Andreas School of Business (ASB) at Barry is accredited by AACSB International. This accreditation, among many other regional and professional accreditations, confirms the quality and continuous improvement that characterizes our academic programs. Students are drawn from 49 states and 80 countries. The low student to faculty ratio allows for personalized attention which, in turn, will enable students to more easily reach their goals.


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|Preceding Day
|Sunday 20 January 2019
|Following Day
|Preceding Day
|Sunday 20 January 2019
|Following Day
RT @Masonic_Charity: A birthday wish and a toast to #absentbrethren from Peter, a member of our Fundraising Committee 🍰 #TimetoToast @Notts…
RT @MCF_Comms: @Masonic_Charity @NottsMasons Peter, thank you for all that you and @nottsmasons have done for us over the past four years.
RT @ByronClub: @NottsMasons if there are any brethren needing help please reach out. We will be there for you.
Today is the 4th Anniversary of the creation of the MCF (@Masonic_Charity) @MCF_Comms and in this time they have d… https://t.co/BJ8NGYU7hn
RT @lodge3998: We, as many other lodges, have started a keep in touch scheme. Tomorrow i will be ringing round my list of brethren checking…


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This is the perfect collaboration for us as they recognize and appreciate how unique our journey has been to get this film made
Zach Braff's crowd-funded new film, WISH I WAS HERE, is continuing its success story at the Sundance Film Festival after landing a U.S. distribution deal.
On Saturday (18Jan14), the directoractor proudly presented the follow-up to his 2004 breakout hit Garden State in Park City, Utah, and the movie caught the attention of executives at Focus Features.
Braff inked a deal for distribution in North America and select international countries with the movie bosses just hours after the film's world premiere.
Braff, who wrote, directed and starred in Wish I Was Here, shared his enthusiasm for the deal in a statement that reads "I am very excited to be partnering with Focus Features as they are one of the biggest supporters of independent film in the business. This is the perfect collaboration for us as they recognize and appreciate how unique our journey has been to get this film made. "Their enthusiasm to embrace our Kickstarter backers, while we fulfill our promises and rewards, made them a natural fit.
My 46,520 backers are amazingly supportive and without them this film would not be a reality". Braff made the movie using donations made by fans to crowdfunding site Kickstarter.com, eventually raising more than $3 million (?1.9 million). Braff celebrated the premiere and distribution deal with his fellow co-stars, including Kate Hudson, Mandy Patinkin, Josh Gad and Ashley Greene over the weekend (begs18Jan14).


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by Scott Boyle
Ammon Mitchell posted the second fasted 110 hurdles time in the state this year, in any classification, with a 14.57 time at the Carbon Invitational last week.
His time is three tenths of a second faster than his best time last year (14.87) and nearly two tenths of a second faster than the old 2A record (14.74). Go, Ammon, Go! More on track and field later.
The Lady Broncos of San Juan High continue their softball march through region foes with a dominating 19-5 victory over the Emery Spartans.
The Lady Broncos blasted four home runs, including two by Justin Hutchins, to easily get the win. Tatianna Sue'Sue added a homerun to her entire state leading total of nine. Hutchins in the third leading HRer in the state (seven total) and those two girls are 1-2 in the 2A ranks.
Brooke Lyman, who hit the fourth HR for the Broncos, is in fourth in 2A with six. Heidi Hiatt doubled for the second game in a row for Craig Swenson's bunch. The Lady Broncos ran their region leading record to 6-0 and are 12-1 overall on the season and ranked number two in 2A.
The Bronco boys baseball team lost an extra innings affair to the Emery Spartans, 4-3. The Broncos rallied to tie the game at 3-3 in the top of the seventh, forcing extra innings but the Spartans pushed across a run in the eighth to get the win. The Broncos could only manage three hits, but Logan Meyer only allowed five Spartan hits to keep it close.
This week finds the Broncos at Monticello and home against Rowland Hall.
The Buckaroos got a region win with a 13-3 five inning win over the South Sevier Rams.
Austin Wilcox started things off with a bang by blasted a grand slam in the first inning. He also added a double. Austin Maloy and Jake Giles both tripled and Maloy, his little brother McKade and Hunter Bowring all doubled in the big win as the Bucks pounded out 16 hits.
South Sevier won the second game of the double header, 7-5 when they scored three runs in the top of the seventh. Maloy tripled again, with Bowring and little brother McKade Maloy doubling again.
Earlier in the week, the Bucks lost a slugfest with Grand, 14-13. MHS took a 9-3 lead after scoring seven runs in the third inning, but the Red Devils methodically came back to get the win. The Bucks doubled five times in the loss, with Dillon Maughan hitting two and Wilcox, McKade Maloy, and Shane Christensen hitting the other three.
Next up for Monticello is San Juan on Tuesday, Farmington, NM on Friday and Rowland Hall Saturday.
As mentioned, San Juan participated in the Carbon Invitational in Price last week. Mitchell was the only Bronco Boy first placer but two Ladies Bronco won individual events at the invite.
McKale Simpson continued her great season in the long jump with a 16' 05" leap and a first place medal. Samantha Giddings also reached first with a shot put win.
The Broncos boys were fourth at the meet while the girls tied for fifth.
Monticello went to the prestigious Bill Slade Invitational at Kirtland, NM. The best the Bucks could do at the huge meet is Kaitlyn Clark, who finished fourth in both the 100 and 300 hurdles.
Masters Thoughts
Tiger didn't win again, though as fit as he looks at 38 when most golfers' careers are kind of winding down and they are getting a little paunchy, makes me think he could still get to Jack Nicklaus's record of 18 majors. I'll bet he will be highly competitive even into his 50s and maybe his 60s. Just sayin'.
Tiger finished four strokes back so the two stroke penalty after he unluckily hit the pin on the 15th green and caromed in to the water, on a hole he most likely would have birdied, puts him one stroke behind and maybe playing differently. Suffice it to say for me, he still has not won a major when he didn't have a lead going into the last day.
Adam Scott winning is OK. He has paid his dues and worked hard to win for a number of years. After Greg Norman tried and failed to win the Masters and getting beat by miracle shots twice and tragically losing one, he had wrapped up, I have a hard time accepting when some unknown wins the Masters too soon. You gotta suffer for it, don't you think?


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KevDo necesitaba un nuevo diseño de logotipo y lanzó un concurso de diseño en 99designs.
Un ganador ha sido elegido entre 47 diseños de 12 diseñadores freelance.
Reveal Diagnostics (our company name) & "Patient Scanning & Treatment Planning" is our tagline
We are a business in San Francisco that does 3D scans of the head/mouth and large x-rays (but mostly 3D) for dentists placing implant crowns. It's like a CAT scan of the head/mouth, only higher resolution. This is a cutting edge technology (look up Sirona Galileos to see it... the 3D image is amazing and might be part of the logo) in an emerging dental market. Most high end dentists use or want to use this type of technology, but it's price is prohitive. We offer scans without buying the entire scanning machine.
In addition, we offer classes on placing implants and other procedures and we coach dentists (and comfort patients) through all steps in the process. Our software allows dentists to virtually place implants to see if the screw (going into the skull or jaw) will hit a nerve, vein, or weak spot in the bone. This virtual placement is critical to avoid major complications (loss of taste, bone fracture) and a major advancement.
General dentists, oral surgeons, endodontists (dentists who do root canals) and periodontists (dentists who do gum grafts and implants) are our clients, but our materials will also be distributed to patients getting implants or root canals (hopefully not you!).
These are the most advanced/elite dentists, as a high degree of knowledge and skill is required for these procedures. They are very matter-of-fact and quality oriented (no sense of humor).
Should show dental implant (image attached) or awesome/recognizable representation thereof, as well as something representing the scanning machine (a Galileos, manufacturered by Sirona---image attached) and/or the placement software.
That said, we don't want the logo to be too busy or confusing. We're going for crisp, high tech, compelling (greatest company to use), and (bonus) we educate as well.
It's a all order. We're willing to work with you daily on the design to flesh out something closer to what we need... we're still feeling our way through ourselves.
Descubre cómo funciona un concurso de diseño u obtén más información sobre nuestros servicios de diseño de logo.


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Season Finale
Celebrate the end of summer's bounty with our quick-grilled menu.
Grilled Fish with Cucumber-Tomato Salsa
1 ½ teaspoons ground cumin, divided
½ teaspoon salt, divided
1 teaspoon grated lime rind
2 tablespoons fresh lime juice
1 tablespoon olive oil
1 cucumber, chopped
1 cup grape tomatoes, halved
1 green onion, thinly sliced
1 jalapeño, seeded and minced
1 tablespoon chopped fresh mint
1 pound firm mild fish fillets
Combine 1 teaspoon cumin, ¼ teaspoon salt, lime rind, lime juice, and olive oil in a medium bowl. Add cucumber, tomatoes, green onion, jalapeño, and mint. Set aside.
Sprinkle remaining ½ teaspoon cumin and remaining ¼ teaspoon salt over fish. Grill over medium-high heat 7 minutes or until tender. Top with salsa, and serve. Makes 2 to 3 servings.
Any seafood tastes great paired with this simple cucumber-tomato relish―just buy your favorite. If you choose a thin fillet such as flounder, place on heavy-duty aluminum foil to keep the fish intact while grilling.
When mixing herbed butter for the grilled corn, keep in mind that a pungent herb such as rosemary, basil, or tarragon can clash with other strong flavors. Instead, blend one of those herbs with mild ones such as parsley or chives.
Grilled Herbed Corn on the Cob
For this menu, prepare the corn first. Grill shucked or unshucked corn 20 minutes over medium heat or until tender, turning occasionally. Combine ½ cup softened butter with a minced garlic clove and a mixture of 2 tablespoons chopped fresh herbs. Brush herbed butter mixture on corn just before serving. Keep any remaining herbed butter in the refrigerator for up to a week.
Grilled Zucchini
Slice two zucchini diagonally into ½-inch pieces. Brush with olive oil or butter, and grill 3 to 5 minutes, turning once, until tender. If you've had trouble with pieces falling through the grates, slice each zucchini in half lengthwise, and grill as directed. Larger pieces will take 2 to 3 extra minutes to cook.
Quara, a new wine brand from Argentina, offers a couple of aromatic whites that blend well with seafood dishes. The Cafayate Valley Torrontes ($10) is a big, dry white with tropical fruit notes. The bold Chardonnay ($10) has a touch of oak for a crisp finish.


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Featured Products!
Timeless recipes enhanced with flavors of the season from our table to yours.
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About us
Savor the taste that made our Perfect Crab Cakes and Chesapeake Cuisine famous. We invite you to join the Chesapeake family of customers who enjoy the best that the Chesapeake Bay and its traditions has to offer.


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The Health Office provides Vision Screenings for grades K, 1, 3,5, and 9 during the school year.
Color Vision screening will be done on Kindergarten students.
Scoliosis screening will be done if requested by parents.
Pediculosis checks (head checks for lice) will be done as needed on classes,individuals, or activity groups.Teachers and parents can request that a student be screened if they suspect that a problem is occurring - for example, if a child complains that they have trouble seeing the board, either the teacher or the parent can request that the nurse do a vision screening.Parents will be notified if a child fails a screening. In some cases, we will advise you to check with your health care provider for additional testing or treatment if it is indicated.


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CPJ's mission meets with Vietnamese Deputy Foreign Minister Vu Khoan. From left, Vikram Parekh, Peter Arnett, Khoan, and Rick MacArthur. In late September, a CPJ delegation conducted a 10-day fact-finding mission to Vietnam and Cambodia, where it documented serious difficulties for local and foreign journalists in both countries.
CPJ board members Peter Arnett of CNN and Rick MacArthur of Harper's magazine traveled with CPJ Asia program coordinator Vikram Parekh to Vietnam, where they interviewed scores of local journalists and top-ranking government officials. Arnett and Parekh then continued on to Phnom Penh to investigate press freedom conditions in Cambodia.
Despite far-reaching market reforms, Vietnam's media remain entirely state-owned and subject to strict control by authorities, the mission reported. The country's press is officially encouraged to expose corruption in government offices, but criticism of major policies remains off limits. Three publications--the daily newspaper Hanoi Moi and the magazines Tien Phong and Business and Law--are currently under investigation for revealing state secrets in articles about the country's civil aviation and oil field operations.
"It is disturbing to see the media being investigated for attempting to ensure public accountability," said Parekh, "but we were encouraged by comments indicating that the publications were not in danger of criminal prosecution." The country's ideology chief, Hun Tho, for instance, told CPJ that in his view the three publications had not committed serious violations.
A new and disturbing development was an apparent effort to reign in locally based foreign correspondents. Reuters photographer Dylan Martinez was assaulted by police in September while trying to cover a protest by Hanoian women who had been evicted from their market stalls. "We received firm assurances from Deputy Foreign Minister Vu Khoan that Martinez's case was an anomaly and would not be repeated," Parekh noted.
Domestic criticism of the Vietnamese government is largely restricted to underground samizdat-style pamphlets and newsletters. Eight dissidents are currently serving prison terms in connection with such publications, including CPJ's 1993 International Press Freedom Award honoree Doan Viet Hoat, who was arrested in 1990 and sentenced to 15 years in prison for publishing a pro-democracy newsletter. In discussions with CPJ's mission, Vietnamese officials reiterated their position that Hoat's case is a national security matter.
Despite these continuing problems, CPJ is guardedly optimistic about the prospects for press freedom in Vietnam. "The very fact that we were welcomed as an official delegation and granted access to officials at the highest level represents a significant opening," Parekh said.
Cambodia's newly emergent press is highly combative but also highly partisan and often inflammatory, CPJ reported. Local journalists work against a chilling backdrop of assassinations, violent assaults, and a restrictive press law. Four journalists have been killed in Cambodia since 1994, and, according to CPJ, there has been no credible attempt to investigate any of these murders. However, in a meeting with Arnett and Parekh, First Prime Minister Prince Norodom Ranariddh described the lack of progress in the investigations as "unacceptable" and pledged to raise the issue with the country's Interior Ministry.
Cambodian journalists also face legal constraints, compounded by the lack of an impartial judiciary and police force. A new press law passed by the National Assembly allows criminal penalties for articles that threaten the country's "political stability" and "national security"--vaguely worded provisions that Cambodian journalists and public defenders fear will be used to muzzle the press. In response to CPJ's concern, Information Minister Ieng Mouly said a draft subdecree aimed at clarifying the terms, would be presented to local and foreign journalists, as well as nongovernmental organizations for comment.
In an interview on the Hong Kong cable show "NewsMakers," CPJ board member Peter Arnett was asked about his role in the Vietnam/Cambodia mission:
"I think it's really a privilege to participate in the activities of CPJ because it does give me as a journalist a unique viewpoint. I can meet government officials from Vietnam and Cambodia at another level, almost a diplomatic level, and discuss issues that concern me about myself and my colleagues that I could not do in a journalistic context. ...
"Twenty-five years ago, the American media would not encourage their members to [take] part ... . They would've said, "Well, it sort of compromises our standards of newspeople if we ... have a dialog with government officials who we'll ultimately be reporting on.' I think it's part of the sophistication of the international news business in which I can undertake a mission such as this, expressing concern about my colleagues and our own profession's future and current situation without it harming my role as a journalist. So I'm delighted to participate in this mission, and I encourage my high-profile colleagues to do the same."


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I am neither an entomologist nor taxonomist. Species identification usually is done from the pictures alone, because I love my photography subjects and do not capture them. Most of the photos are from Vilnius region and Curonian Spit, Lithuania.
it is a nice homepage and i like the Layout of the page, which theme is it?
have a nice day
hi, it is a modified "elegant" theme. I have also modified several other files and plugins, You may find changed v2.9.3 files here:
It is a big mess, sorry.


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This Toro 22" Personal Pace Recycler lawnmower gives you powerful performance and lightweight agility. Powered by a Honda® GCV 160cc OHC w/Auto Choke. This mower features our exclusive Personal Pace Self-Propel System, which allows you to mow at speeds that are infinitely adjustable to your walking pace up to 4.8 miles per hour. The Quick Wash washout port is standard for easy cleaning.
It is backed by our two-year full warranty. This mower will deliver the durable, reliable performance you need.
There are no attachments available for this power equipment item.


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Plato argued that human sight is made possible through a "visual fire" emitted from our eyes and which, when combined with daylight, can detect objects in the world.
If brain space indicates the importance of a sense, then vision is the most important. Roughly 30% of neurons in the brain's cortex are devoted to vision, compared with 8% for touch, and 2% for hearing.
A genetic mutation found in approximately 2-3% of women allows them to see up to 100 million different colors—one hundred times more than the average person.
Scientists have devised a way of reading your mind—or at least determining what you're looking at. By looking at your brainwaves, scientists at Stanford, Ohio State University and the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign are able to tell whether you're looking at a photo of a beach, cityscape, forest, highway, mountain or office, just by the pattern in which your neurons fire.
Unlike other senses, human vision is processed in the back of the brain (in a location called the occipital lobe). The senses of smell, taste and hearing are processed in the sides of the brain (in the temporal lobes).
Astronauts have often reported having a diminished sense of taste when in outer space. Scientists believe this has to do with the way that fluids in our bodies react to weightlessness, causing a buildup of fluids in the nasal sinuses.
Based on a study of 190-million-year-old fossils, paleontologist Tim Rowe of the University of Texas has proposed that the reason that mammals (including humans) have larger, more complex brains than other animals is that mammals needed a larger brain to improve their sense of smell—and thus their chances of survival.
While scientists are unsure about how exactly the human nose can detect odors, a recent study suggests that the explanation is based in quantum mechanics—small changes in the energy levels, or quanta, in the electrons of odor molecules.
Between 1% and 4% of people are believed to have synesthesia, a condition in which sensory input automatically triggers multiple senses. Author Vladimir Nabokov, for example, wrote that he often heard sounds in colors, as did the artist Wassily Kandinsky.
While humans can hear sounds whose frequencies range between 20 Hz and 20,000 Hz, we're most sensitive to frequencies between 2,000 Hz and 4,000 Hz—which happens to be the range of human speech.
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania have calculated that the human eye can transfer data at the rate of approximately 8.75 megabits per second —roughly triple the speed of the average Internet connection in the United States.
Scientists have found evidence that birds can literally see the earth's magnetic fields.


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Most of us either grew up on--or are currently raising our children on--a steady diet of books by Margaret Wise Brown. In addition to her classic Goodnight Moon (which, after 2 children, I know so by heart that I often have to make sure I'm turning the pages correctly as I recite it), she wrote (among many others) The Runaway Bunny, Big Red Barn and my particular favorite of late, The Color Kittens. Her books are, quite simply, pure poetry. To celebrate what would have been her 100th birthday this coming Sunday, May 23rd, her acclaimed biographer, Leonard Marcus, will lead a walking tour of her New York.
Find out where the glamorous author (and hello, check out that picture, she was gorgeous!) lived, wrote, taught 2nd-graders, had cocktails with Ursula Nordstrom and H.A. Rey, and just possibly hatched plans for The Golden Egg Book and Great Green Room! The fun starts at 2 pm, at the southwest corner of Fifth Ave. & 10th St.Tickets $20; reserve early by contacting Leonard directly at Leonardsma AT aol DOT com. (from the press release, except for my parenthetical shout out to her good looks).
Want to learn more about Margaret Wise Brown? Check out Leonard Marcus' highly praised biography of her, Margaret Wise Brown: Awakened by the Moon.
Not going to be in NYC this weekend, but you will be at American Library Association meeting in DC in late June? Stop by the Harper booth on Monday, June 28th for some birthday cake! (I'll post a reminder and details closer to the date).


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Mountain Range to host inaugural King of the Mountain softball tourney
Who's going to be the King of the Mountain? Eight high school softball teams are heading to Mountain Range High School this weekend to battle for the top spot.
The inaugural tournament, which takes place Aug. 29-30 in Westminster, features eight 5A teams: Arapahoe, Bear Creek, Cherry Creek, Horizon, Mountain Range, Rampart and Westminster.
Range head coach Dane Craig, brainchild behind King of the Mountain, said tournaments are an easy way for prep softball programs to fit games into their schedule. But often the events are too big and games often end in ties or time limits. Having only eight teams, there will be no ties or time limits.
"I put together a format and only asked eight teams to come," Craig said. "It guarantees all eight teams three 5A games, which helps their power ratings win or lose."
If there is a tie after two hours or seven innings, international tiebreaker rules will be used.
Craig said there was high interest in the tournament and he filled out the team spots back in April.
Tickets for the tournament are $2 per day or $3 for the weekend. For more information about the tournament, go to www.softballmrhs.com.


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Hot off the Press:
FDA confirms prevalence of Lead in Lipsticks!
We've reported in the past that a number of mainstream brands contain lead as a contaminant in their lipsticks, based on a study conducted by the Campaign for Safe Cosmetics in 2007. Now a new FDA study finally confirms that conclusion.
According to a Sept 1, 2009 press release by the Campaign for Safe Cosmetics:
"FDA found lead in all 20 lipsticks it tested, at levels ranging from 0.09 parts per million (ppm) to 3.06 ppm – more than four times higher than the highest lead level of 0.65 reported in the 2007 CSC study. FDA used a new testing method to analyze lipstick and concluded that earlier methods likely underestimated the amount of lead in lipstick."
In fact, the highest measured Lead Level of 3.06ppm is 30 times more than the FDA's own 0.1ppm limit of Lead for candy. Since Lead builds up in the body over time, this really is cause for concern. And given that an average woman consumes 6 or more pounds of lipstick over the course of her lifetime, do we really want to be using lead contaminated lipstick, regardless of the lead level?
Time to stop wearing lipsticks? You don't have to - there are safe choices out there! Lavera Lipsticks come in a variety of vivid colors, are lead-free and as recently as August 2009, was given top marks by the highly critical German consumer advocacy magazine Oeko-Test in its lipstick review. All Lavera products are made with pharmaceutical grade ingredients of the highest purity. This means that common contaminants such as lead will not be present in Lavera products.
In July 2009, we started the Lavera Lipstick Exchange so that consumers could send in their lead contaminated lipsticks and we'll color match with a Lavera Lipstick and send them a PROMO CODE for $10 off any non-clearance lipstick purchase. Due to the popularity of this program, we've extended the Lavera Lipstick Exchange til the end of 2009. Check out our lipsticks and take advantage of our $10 off promotion!


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These games teach valuable skills and have a high fun and educational rating.
Your child develops knowledge about animals and learns to identify similarities between parents and their children by watching these videos.
Your child develops an understanding of the importance of reducing, reusing and recycling common products by placing them into the appropriate containers.
Your child practices spatial reasoning, matching, and sorting skills through five short games. He or she selects the game by spinning the wheel.
Your child develops life science and geographic knowledge by answering questions and watching videos about different animals and their habitats.
Your child practices memorizing a sequence of up/down/left/right arrows and then repeating the sequence on the keyboard.
Your child learns about words that rhyme by playing this game.
Your child develops spatial reasoning skills by clicking on puzzle pieces to rotate them and put together a Thomas puzzle.
Your child practices identifying visual differences between two almost identical images involving The Chica Show characters. There are two levels of difficulty.
Your child develops memorization and musical understanding by clicking on the animals in the correct order to create a symphony.
Your child colors in scenes of characters from the Goodnight Show.
Zoodles 11.8.7 Copyright (c) 2014 Inquisitive Minds, Inc. All rights reserved.


text: A Blue View is a weekly perspective on the life aquatic, hosted by National Aquarium CEO John Racanelli. From the smallest plants and animals invisible to the human eye to entire ecosystems, every living thing depends on and is intricately linked by water. Tune in to 88.1 WYPR every Tuesday at 5:45 p.m. as John brings to the surface important issues and fascinating discoveries making waves in the world today. March 6, 2013: The Truth About Invasive Species Click here to listen to John and aquarist Ashleigh Clews discuss the impact that invasive species of plants and animals have on our ecosystems. This week is National Invasive Species Awareness Week, a week dedicated to raising consciousness about invasive plants and animals and their effects on our environment and our economy. In recent years, exotic species like lionfish, burmese pythons, zebra mussels and snakehead have had an increasing presence in local our waterways and oceans. With no natural predators in these new environments, these animals essentially wreak havoc on entire ecosystems. Once these intense habitat alterations and ecosystem degradations take place, it is very hard to reverse those effects. In addition to environmental toll, invasive species cost billions of dollars every year in prevention, control and management. What we can all do to protect native species: Prevention - A majority of invasive species end up in our waterways and oceans because of human release. Whether it's the release of unwanted pets or the use of bait fish in their non-native area, these human introductions CAN be prevented through increased awareness! Early Detection and Response - Get a better sense of which species in your area are "nonindigenous" and invasive so that you can report them when spotted! Tags: a-blue-view, burmese-pythons, invasive-species, lionfish, national-invasive-species-awareness-week, national-public-radio, nisaw, npr, red-lionfish, snakehead, wypr, zebra-mussels Categories: Animals, Behind-The-Scenes, Conservation, News Previous Post Next Post


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Solitaire Diamond Engagement Rings
Our peerlessly beautiful diamond engagement rings evoke the precious moment of two people beginning a lifetime together. Each diamond solitaire is hand-selected for exceptional sparkle and set in wondrous platinum, rose gold and yellow gold designs that make an elegant and sophisticated statement. The stunning simplicity of solitaire engagement rings herald each pristine diamond, while sweeping lines and halos of pavé diamonds add enticing layers of drama. Each captivating design embodies our unrivalled diamond heritage and celebrates the world's most iconic symbol of love.
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vCloud Application Director automates application provisioning in the cloud including deploying, configuring, and updating the application's components and dependent middleware platform services on infrastructure clouds. vCloud Application Director 6.0 simplifies complex deployments of custom and packaged applications on infrastructure clouds that are based on vCloud Director, vSphere, and Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2).
This documentation describes how to install and use vCloud Application Director to create, deploy, manage, and update applications across virtual and cloud-based infrastructures.
This information is intended for anyone who wants to install and use vCloud Application Director for application deployments. This audience includes application architects and application deployers who work in collaboration with application infrastructure administrators and cloud administrators.


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British GP 2013
Friday Team Quotes
Red Bull-Renault
Mark Webber (2nd, 1:32.547): "We tried to do as much as we could in 90 minutes; we put both compounds on and did different fuel loads as well, so it was quite a demanding session for the team. In the end we got what we could out of it. I think that both Seb and I ran different compounds and got the information we need for the race. Today we did a snapshot of work for tomorrow, but mostly the focus was for Sunday. I think the race will be quite tight, to be honest I don't think there's anyone charging away."
Sebastian Vettel (3rd, 1:32.680): "I think overall we can be pretty happy, it was a good day. Obviously it was important to get some laps in the dry as we expect dry conditions on Sunday. Now we need to have a look at what we can improve, have a look what the others did and then we'll know a little bit more for tomorrow. Today we tried to do both short and long runs. For FP3 tomorrow, we need to decide if we go for short runs, to prepare for qualifying, or long runs trying to look more at the race set up."
Fernando Alonso (10th, 1:33.494): "This morning, we lost the first session because of the rain and had to squeeze all the work we had been unable to do into the afternoon session. Our programme for today was no different to usual and as normal, it was important to gather data relating to tyre behaviour, which here too will be the key factor. At Silverstone, you need an aerodynamic package that is suited to the combination of fast corners that are the main feature at this track. The strategy will have to be impeccable and in order to make the right choice for the race, we will have to take into account the fact that on Sunday we can expect very different conditions to those we saw today, because the track will definitely be drier and the temperatures higher."
Felipe Massa (22nd, 1:43.466): "I am very disappointed about what happened today as the accident cost me valuable time, especially in terms of getting an understanding of the tyre behaviour here at Silverstone. At the exit of the corner, I found myself on a piece of track that was still very damp and I lost control of the car: at that time, the prototype Hard Pirellis that we could use today, were not yet up to temperature and I couldn't avoid the impact. Luckily, the car only suffered slight front end damage and tomorrow we will comfortably be able to pick up where we left off with the work. On a long run, Fernando's car went well and even if the low temperatures probably didn't help, the improved weather expected tomorrow gives us reason to be optimistic. I am certain that together we will try our best to improve so that we can take the fight to our main rivals."
Pat Fry: "I'm sorry for the fans who packed the circuit today, who did not get to see the show they were expecting, because of the rain. In the morning, track conditions were extremely difficult and with the few sets of tyres available, we preferred to stay in the pits, as did almost all the other teams. In the afternoon, we tried to catch up the time we had lost. Alongside the usual task of finding the best set up to suit the tyres, we also worked on the development and mapping of the aerodynamics. After Felipe's accident which came after just a few laps, a large part of the team concentrated on Fernando's car, paying particular attention to the behaviour of the Medium tyre. Tomorrow, we can expect different temperatures and therefore conditions that will be more favourable to carrying out a proper evaluation of the car set-up and of all the details which can influence its behaviour over both a short and long run."
Jenson Button (11th, 1:33.740): "Despite this morning's washed-out session, I think we got in all the running that we needed this afternoon, and we managed to get through most of our programme ' including some running on Pirelli's test tyre. The car doesn't feel too bad out there, and the balance is reasonable ' it's better than it was in Canada ' but we're still some way off the pace. Still, the engineers have lots of data to analyse, so they'll be able to find out whether the new parts have made the improvements that they'd predicted."
Sergio Perez (14th, 1:34.130): "The second session was quite productive; we managed to do a lot of work and run through all our preparations, so it wasn't a waste of a day. Nevertheless, I think we're in a similar position to the last race, and still quite far from the front. We've worked to improve ride-quality ' and I think we've made a step forward in that area. However, not everything we tried today worked properly, so I still think we can aim to turn this weekend around."
Martin Whitmarsh, Team Principal: "We do seem to have been affected by an unusually high number of rained-out Friday practice sessions this year. While it's the same for everyone, it can be frustrating when you're trying to run through a large and intensive programme of testing. While we were able to get quite a lot of mileage under our belts, there's still plenty of work left to do. It's been a difficult day, but with drier weather forecast for the next two days, we're hopeful of making progress."
Romain Grosjean (9th, 1:33.322): "It was a solid day here at Silverstone. Thankfully, the rain stopped for this afternoon and we could get some good laps in so we can make a call on setup and configuration for tomorrow. It's hard to say exactly where the car is due to the conditions we had, plus we ran with a lot of different tyres so my engineers will have a busy evening checking the info to work out what's best. The car feels good; I think if we can improve in a few areas we could be well placed for qualifying."
Kimi Raikkonen (13th, 1:34.120): "We're reasonably happy with everything today. We put quite a lot of effort into testing the new Device with feels pretty okay. I only ran with the development and hard tyre so didn't go for a faster lap, but it didn't feel too bad and we can work out where everything will be once we put it all together. I don't think we're one of the very quickest, but I don't think we'll be too far away."
Alan Permane, Chief Race Engineer: "After a wash-out in the morning where we elected not to run, we had a productive afternoon. Kimi was happy with the balance of the car with the Device fitted and we made some tweaks to it by trying different settings too. All appears to be working well and we have a good amount of data from which to decide if we will run it for the rest of the weekend. Romain's car also looks to be working fine with the new aero package. We're not concerned by the lap times this afternoon; Kimi didn't use the softer tyre while Romain ran with it very early in the session, so we're happy that we will be more competitive than we were at the last race."
Mercedes GP
Nico Rosberg (1st, 1:32.248): "It was a pity for the fans that we didn't do much running this morning so it was good for them and for us that it was dry this afternoon. On one lap the car is still quick, so qualifying should be okay. But the question mark is our race speed. We practised the race speed today and it felt decent so far. But it could be a completely different picture on Sunday as the weather should be a lot warmer, so we don't know where we are right now compared to the others. I'm still quite confident that we can have a good weekend in front of our fans, our colleagues and their families."
Lewis Hamilton (5th, 1:32.911): "We had quite a challenging day today and definitely have more to learn tomorrow. I'm struggling a little with the balance of my car so there's some work to do overnight to get us into shape for qualifying. We haven't quite got it hooked up yet and you can really tell that on this circuit, particularly with Becketts and Maggots. I'm confident we'll fix it tomorrow though. It's great for the British fans here that they were able to see some track action this afternoon after the rain this morning and a big thank you to everyone for sticking with us. Hopefully the weather will improve tomorrow!"
Ross Brawn, Team Principal: "After the wet morning, we had a good session this afternoon and managed to get some useful work done. The conditions today were cooler than we expect for the rest of the weekend, and the track was very green, so we must be careful with the conclusions we draw from our running. The unrepresentative conditions today mean that we will be relying on projections in order to choose the right car set-up for Sunday, so if we get that slightly wrong, we may find ourselves hurting in the race. Today was not too bad in terms of performance and the car had a reasonable balance, which helped us collect some good information on the different tyre compounds with medium and high fuel loads."
Toto Wolff, Mercedes Motorsport Director: "After it rained through first practice, it was good to do plenty of laps this afternoon and we had a decent session. We can't read too much into the results but we ran slightly different programmes with the drivers to learn as much as possible. Now we need to analyse that data and draw the right conclusions for the rest of the weekend, when we expect quite different conditions to today."
Nico Hulkenberg (12th, 1:33.896): "We couldn't really learn much this morning, especially because it is supposed to be dry tomorrow, but here you never know. However that was the same situation for all the teams. The second practice this afternoon was good. We were able to change to dry tyres fairly quickly. Of course, the programme is a bit different without having a proper FP1 and it can get hectic sometimes, but I think we managed to work through the programme quite well. We learned a lot about the tyres and had a good, consistent long run. The set up of the car can still be improved, but that is normal after loosing so much time this morning."
Esteban Gutierrez (15th, 1:34.998): "This morning was a little bit frustraiting. It was too wet and we had to wait quite a long time to go out. Tommorrow is supposed to be dry, so it didn't make sense to run in the wet. Fortunately it was dry in the afternoon and we managed to get a good number of laps on all three tyre compounds and high fuel, so that was positive. We were getting consistent laps and now we need to evaluate the two different set ups we had on the cars. It seems Nico's configuration was a little bit better on the downforce, especially in the fast corners. So now we need to evaluate the data and make a decision for qualifying tomorrow."
Tom McCullough, Head of Track Engineering: "The rain was a bit too heavy this morning to warrant doing much running, and we also have had a lot of experience of where we are running in the wet so far this year. This afternoon with an improving track it's never ideal for comparing set-ups, but we managed to get through our main test items. Nico was reasonably happy with his new option tyre run, but we still have some work to do with regards to long-run pace if we want to have a strong race on Sunday."
Force India-Mercedes
Paul di Resta (4th, 1:32.832): "After such a wet morning it was nice to get a run in the dry this afternoon. It was pretty productive and the car is working well so hopefully we can carry the speed into tomorrow. We didn't run very much this morning, but with dry conditions expected for the weekend I think we've learned as much as anyone. The focus tonight is to keep improving because there's still some more speed in the car. We also need to remember that it's likely to be quite a lot hotter tomorrow so it's hard to predict how that will impact on things."
Adrian Sutil (8th, 1:33.313): "We looked quite good today. There are areas to improve, especially the performance on the medium tyres, but the car is working well on the hard compound. I'm happy with the balance so the main thing we need to work on is going through the tyre data because I don't think we need to change too much on the car set-up."
Jakob Andreasen, Chief Engineer: "Despite the wet weather this morning we made the most of the afternoon. There were a couple of new developments on the car and we managed to get most of the information we needed. We also ran the hard compound prototype tyres on both cars early in the afternoon session before we focussed on the regular compounds. Both Paul and Adrian managed to complete representative runs on each compound and we have all the data we need to make the decisions tonight. For tonight we will turn our attention to making sure we can qualify well and understanding how to get the tyres in the optimum working window."
Valtteri Bottas (16th, 1:35.070): "Conditions were not ideal today, especially as we were trying to test new parts on the car. It's the same for all teams, but I really feel for the fans as they didn't see much running. We managed to test with both the prime and option tyres in the second practice session, so we'll look at the data tonight and assess where we need to improve for the final practice session and qualifying tomorrow."
Pastor Maldonado (17th, 1:35.127): "I was running a different programme to Valtteri today, concentrating on mechanical work and tyres. We lost a lot of track time in the first session due to the weather, so we had a busy afternoon. I was also able to do a longer run towards the end as the track dried but we still have work to do to improve the performance for tomorrow."
Mike Coughlan, Technical Director: "It was raining this morning so we could only run on full wet tyres in FP1 to get a feel for the balance of the car. Our test programme was therefore shifted to FP2, so we didn't run the prototype tyre as we needed time to get through all the changes we had planned. Pastor was doing mechanical tests, whilst Valtteri did aero evaluations with two different packages we have here. We gathered all the information we needed so now we will analyse the data to decide which direction to go. Both cars will run with the same configuration tomorrow."
Toro Rosso-Ferrari
Daniel Ricciardo (6th, 1:33.171): "I decided to do quite a few laps in the rain this morning, as I felt the track was safe enough and you can always learn something in those tricky conditions and I think it pleased the fans as well! This afternoon, we were pretty good in the dry, getting a good run on the Hard compound and improved further on the Medium. However, I had hoped our long run would be better, so we definitely have more work to do overnight, but generally a positive day."
Jean-Eric Vergne (7th, 1:33.290): "This afternoon, as soon as I left the garage, I could tell the car felt very good. It was easy to push and my lap times were good. That doesn't mean we're going to relax, far from it and we will be working hard tonight to look at all the data to see how we can improve. I feel we have a chance here to do well over the rest of the weekend. Coming to this track which is so different to the last two ones we have raced on, I would say today's performance has been a pleasant surprise."
Laurent Mekies, Head of Vehicle Performance: "This has been another good Friday for us. The morning session was held in very wet conditions, but we still felt the need to go out on track to check the car in this situation: lately we have had quite a lot of running on Intermediates, but less so on Extremes, so it was a useful exercise. In the afternoon, we had to squeeze our programme to make up for the lost time in the morning. We had a few new aero parts to evaluate, as well as trying some changes on the mechanical side. We shared the workload between the two cars. The results from today would indicate we are progressing steadily in relative terms from race to race. Now we must study all the data, knowing we can expect rather different and drier conditions for the next two days, so tonight we will try and put everything together to continue to move forward tomorrow."
Giedo van der Garde (19th, 1:35.984): "The morning session was obviously affected by the rain which is a shame, both for the fans who packed out the stands, and for us with the plan we'd set for FP1. We wanted to run through a few aero evaluations, particularly as we have a couple of new updates to the floor here, but with the track as wet as it was, and no sign of the rain stopping, we played it safe in the morning. In the afternoon it was much better weather and we had a pretty good session. We had to try and make up some of the time we lost in FP1 and, while we couldn't run the full aero tests, we were still able to make some decent progress throughout the session. The GP2 cars had helped dry the track a bit so we were able to push from the first run and we ended up with a fairly good balance on both compounds. We're seeing a bit too much oversteer on the mediums, especially in the low speed corners, but not in the high speeds ' there the car feels balanced and that's positive, something for us to work on tonight."
Charles Pic (20th, 1:36.079): "We knew from the forecasts that FP1 would be affected by the weather but it made the whole session pretty worthless. The installation lap was fine but then we waited until about ten minutes to go when there were quite a few other cars on track and unfortunately I went off in the last corner. We obviously didn't lose much time relative to the other cars as everybody had stayed in the garage, and when we got the car back we found everything was ok so it didn't affect our preparations for FP2. FP2 was dry, still colder than it looks like it'll be on Saturday or Sunday, but we completed a good number of laps and have a lot to work on tonight. We've found a balance I'm happy with and the grip levels are good from the outlap ' we need to work on the low speed traction as we're lacking a bit in that area, but deg levels look manageable, especially with the prime, so overall I think we're going ok here."
Jules Bianchi (18th, 1:35.802): "It has not been an easy start to the Team's home Grand Prix but we kind of expected these conditions for today. Although we are not expecting any further wet weather during the weekend's running, we have made the best of things and used this opportunity to work on wet set-up generally for future races. I'm looking forward to some dry running now so we can really start to attack the circuit and see what we can do here. It's a fantastic track and it will be nice to get a better taste of that tomorrow."
Max Chilton (21st, 1:37.329): "Despite the tricky conditions, it has still been a great day here at Silverstone in front of the home crowd. The good news for them is that the weather looks set to pick up for the remainder of the weekend; but it's a testament to the dedication of the fans that they stick with it, even in the rain. I hope we can reward their support this weekend. The day got off to a slow start which set us back a little in terms of our programme, but we've made some good progress this afternoon, particularly with some more long-range set-up work in the wet. No doubt that will come in handy at a couple of the remaining European rounds. It will be good to tackle the circuit in the dry tomorrow and properly assess how the car will perform here."
John Booth, Team Principal: "The British weather made for a difficult start to our programme and required us to switch focus a little from our normal aero test in FP1 to wet set-up in general. At the start of FP2 the track was again wet, so with Max we opted to use the Intermediate tyres to continue with this work, however it became clear the track was too dry. With Jules, as the track condition was not suited to tyre work at the start of FP2, we did carry out some of our aero measurements in order to decide on parts which we have been looking to run for a few weekends. Both cars then completed a fairly typical programme with the slight difficulty of a rapidly improving track, however with the long run data under our belts we are sure we have gathered enough information to make the right decisions for the race. We are looking forward to what is currently looking to be a dry Saturday and hopefully tomorrow we will be able to focus more on our qualifying pace."


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"This is the voice of the Mysterons…have you got any Lemsip ?"
Yep, I've caught Deb's cold and now sound like the alien menace from Captain Scarlet.
This provides a somewhat tenuous link to the subject at hand – namely installing Oracle Instant Client on Ubuntu.
I think I'd better explain. As you probably know, Ubuntu – being a Debian based Distro – uses the Debian packaging mechanism. Oracle, on the other hand, provides Instant Client for Linux in rpm ( RPM Package Manager) format. In order to bridge this divide, we're going to need to use the alien utility. Look, I did say it was tenuous OK.
I'm doing this on a 32-bit Ubuntu installation ( 10.04, since you ask). If you're running 64-bit, you'll need to download the appropriate equivalent files. Continue reading


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What works in treating childhood PTSD? Shaili Jain MD, a VA psychiatrist, interviews Stanford researcher Dr. Victor Carrion who's doing cutting edge work on this little understood children's mental disorder. She gets some promising and somewhat surprising answers from Carrion on such key questions as how to spot childhood PTSD, what happens in the child's brain during and after the trauma, and the best evidence based treatments for different ages and stages of the disorder — including the important role of the community! Another interesting aspect Jain and Carrion discuss is which disorders typically co-occur with childhood PTSD, for example, commonly, ADHD.
I've republished the entire blog post here. Thanks to Shaili for the great work she's doing with vets at the Menlo Park VA, and as a PLOS blogger….
Posted: April 1, 2013
Photo by colemama via Flickr
"Susie Ehrens spoke of her daughter who escaped from Sandy Hook with a group of other first graders when the shooter paused. Her daughter, she said, saw her friends and teacher slaughtered before she ran past lifeless bodies and a half a mile down the road"
On December 14th, 2012 the unthinkable happened. A gunman fatally shot twenty children and six adult staff members in a mass murder at Sandy Hook Elementary School in the village of Sandy Hook in Newtown, Connecticut. This incident is the second deadliest school shooting in American History.
Tragically millions of children, all around the world, are frequently exposed to all manner of traumatic experiences. From those of human design such as bearing witness to shootings, inner city violence or the effects of living in a war zone or being the victims of child abuse to enduring the consequences of exposure to natural disasters such as a hurricanes, earthquakes or natural fires.So what is the impact of psychological trauma on children?
To understand more, I recently met with Dr. Victor Carrion, a Professor at the Stanford University School of Medicine and Director of the Stanford Early Life Stress Research Program at the Lucille Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford. Dr Carrion's research focuses on the interplay between brain development and stress vulnerability. He has developed treatments that focus on individual and community based interventions for stress related conditions in children and adolescents that experience traumatic stress.
SJ: If we consider the example of a child, of elementary school age, who is exposed to a horrific traumatic event such as Newtown what, as a child psychiatrist, would you expect to see over the coming days and weeks i.e. what would be a normal and expected reaction to such an event in an elementary school child?
VC: The school-aged kid is going to have a difficult time understanding his/her emotional life. So, they may somatise e.g. complain of headaches and stomach aches and they are going to want to not go to school. They may not be psychologically minded enough to verbalize what they are struggling with. Kids sometimes do not have the vocabulary to talk about a traumatic event and sometimes they are still very concrete in their thinking.
Also remember, because of media, even if we are not right where a trauma happened we can still be equally affected. An example would be 9/11, where kids in California were following, minute by minute, everything that was happening in the news and when they started showing those pictures of people jumping from the towers that was traumatic for many kids. Our association, the AACAP (American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry), actually contacted the networks and they were very responsive and stopped showing those images as soon as we contacted them.
SJ: In your opinion, how best should parents, teachers and caregivers respond to such normal reactions?
VC: It will be important to really encourage discussion after something traumatic happened but not force it. Certainly, not even encourage it in very young kids that may not even know that something happened. Our belief now is that if the kid is 4 and 5 and this is not being discussed at school and they are not watching the news and they do not know that something terrible happened, there is no reason to talk to them about it.
Obviously, if they directly witnessed or experienced something, that is a different story because, as you know, exposure to trauma is one of the strongest predictors of PTSD.
It is important is for caregivers to give children a message of safety and get the message that they are being taking care of and that they will be protected and that nothing will happen to their caregivers. This message of safety is important.
Another piece of this is that children should not be expected to be tough. One of the things that parents can actually model is that it is okay to cry, it is okay to have distress but parents have to be careful in how they balance that with maintaining their safety message and their authority message. They still have to give the message that I am okay enough to take care of you in a good way. But children certainly should be encouraged to express whatever feelings they may have about something that has occurred
Most children, exposed to trauma, are going to have a normal response and be okay with time. With a very small group of these kids, the response is going to continue and is going to become maladaptive and they need extra help. One of the things that is important for caregivers to recognize is when a child's response becomes maladaptive, chronic or continuous. In that event, they should seek out professional help.
SJ: Let's consider the more unfortunate scenario, that this child starts to develop signs/symptoms of a prolonged reaction to the trauma/an abnormal reaction: What are the typical manifestations of PTSD (posttraumatic stress disorder) in children of this age?
VC: Kids tend to show their re-experience of trauma through intrusive thoughts. This means thinking or talking about the trauma when they do not want to. So, they are playing basketball with friends and, all of a sudden, the images of the trauma do not let them enjoy the game or even play it. Or, they are doing their homework but they cannot because they are thinking about the traumatic event. Or they re-experience their trauma through what we call traumatic play. Traumatic play is a way for many children to communicate their experience especially if they are not that verbal.
Then there is avoidance. But with kids is it really avoiding or is it that the kid does not have the words to talk about what happened? There might be a cognitive inability to really talk about what happened but certainly we also see an avoidance of trauma related triggers. For example, if something traumatic happened and it was a rainy day then the next rainy day they may be particularly sensitive or nervous that day.
We see emotional numbing quite often also: kids say that they can no longer feel sad when something bad happens. They feel happy when something good happens but not as good as they used to feel. They may go to a birthday and it is okay but they used to love birthdays before.
The other type of symptom is the physiological hyperarousability. That is what leads many kids to receive a misdiagnosis (especially kids that live in environments where they are surrounded by violence) of ADHD. Now, this gets very complicated, clinically, because kids that truly have ADHD are at increased risk of experiencing traumatic events. For example, they may not see the car coming and they go and cross the street. The kid that has ADHD is at increased risk of experiencing traumatic events which means they may end up with PTSD also.
Then, another thing as I said is that traumas are stressors to the system and you develop whatever you are vulnerable to. It may be that you do not develop PTSD but you develop OCD/a phobia as a consequence of experiencing a traumatic event.
We have always known that having anxiety puts you at risk for developing PTSD but what we have also seen in our data is that developing PTSD is a good predictor of developing other anxiety disorders after having PTSD.
What we also see is that children tend to be egocentric and naturally narcissistic. In kids it is a helpful drive because they get the necessary attention and all that but that also means that if something bad happens, children take excessive responsibility for it and it creates this sense of guilt and guilt is a very good predictor of developing PTSD. This is not survivor's guilt. This is guilt over an act. For example, "there was a fire and I could have prevented it and I did not"." I was abused and that is because I provoked it or I made it happen". Whenever there is that sense of guilt after a kid experiences a traumatic experience it is good to start some clinical remediation to correct those cognitive distortions.
SJ: How does this differ from PTSD in adults?
VC: Immediately, when we look at the first criterion for diagnosing PTSD, we already have an issue when it comes to kids. Criterion A requires that the traumatic event make you feel as though your life is in danger/threatened. But if you are younger than 7 or 8, you may not understand death as something that is universal and something that is irreversible.
One of the studies that we did is that we looked at children who had experienced separation or loss and were in that age group and compared them with kids that had experienced physical abuse, sexual abuse, and also had functional impairment. They really did not differ in terms of the amount of functional impairment that they had in their lives, in their personal relationships, and the amount of distress and so forth. So for children younger than 8, what I am saying is that separation or loss is considered a traumatic event. even if they might not have a full understanding of death or loss.
The symptoms of PTSD, in children as well as in adults, are mostly on and off. They are not there all the time and they tend to be triggered by cues. When those cues or triggers are there, that is when you see the symptoms. This becomes problematic if you are conducting a trial and at the end of the trial this group looks like it is doing well, it may be the case that the treatment worked but it might also be the case that there were no triggers/cues around those kids at that time. That is one of the reasons why we need to know about the neurofunctionality or the neuroscience of how traumatic stress impacts development.
For kids it is still a balance between internal and external resources, and it is like a mathematical equation. So you may have a lot of coping and strength and that may be able to help you overcome the lack of support you have in your life or you may have total perfect support but you have so many risk factors to begin with like a previous history of trauma exposure or family history of anxiety disorder that you are more likely to have a post traumatic reaction. I am calling it a post traumatic reaction not necessarily PTSD because some of the work that we have done and also work done by Dr. Michael Scheeringa at Tulane University shows that children do not have to have all the criteria for PTSD listed in the DSM to experience functional impairment. For example, we showed that kids that have PTSD compared to kids that have a history of trauma and symptoms in 2 of the clusters are equally impaired. We still have work to do in terms of how we develop this diagnostic criterion for children. That is one of the things that Michael has done. He has proposed a number of criteria that has less symptoms and also that some symptoms might be somewhat different in children compared to adults
SJ: In terms of the neuroscience of PTSD, how might this look in terms of impact on child development from a psychophysiological, neuroimaging or neuroendocrinological point of view?
VC: One of the things that have been studied for a long time is the autonomic nervous system in children as well as in adults. It seems that those who have PTSD are actually a heterogeneous group and that physiology may help us differentiate between kids that dissociate versus all the kids that might display symptoms of aggression. For example, the kids that dissociate seem to have a lower heart rate when narrating a stressful event or a stressful story. Whereas, those that do not dissociate seem to have increased heart rate but increased heart rate does not seem to be a good marker because it depends where your baseline is. What seems to be a good marker is how long is the latency? i.e. how long it takes you to return to your baseline heart rate after a stressor. So, if the stressor increases your heart rate, kids that are vulnerable or have PTSD will take longer in coming back to a baseline heart rate.
We concentrated on looking at cortisol and identifying what would be a good cortisol marker for this kids. What we find is that these kids have the normal circadian rhythmicity that you would expect (i.e. higher at the beginning of the day and going down at the end of the day) but then at the end of the day it seems to be elevated so these kids have high levels of cortisol. That is what we found about 10 years ago but what we found out years later is that that variable of" time since trauma" is very important.
What we did is we looked at a big sample of kids and we looked at those that had had trauma during the past year and those that had trauma prior to that year. We hypothesized that our theory of increased cortisol was going to hold true for the kids that had it in the past year but not for the others. What we actually found was exactly that and we found 2 reverse correlations where if you had events in the past year, the higher your cortisol, the higher your symptoms of PTSD. Whereas, for the other individuals that had experienced trauma from a long time ago and were still with symptoms of PTSD, the more symptoms, the lower the level of cortisol.
But in general, I would say, that high pre-bedtime (before you go to bed) cortisol in kids, I am starting to think of that as a marker of pediatric PTSD.
Now, if you have these high levels of cortisol, the next normal question was to see what is going on in the brain because of the potential neurotoxicity of cortisol at high levels every day, right? So, we looked at kids who were experiencing chronic trauma i.e. physical abuse, sexual abuse and witnessing a lot of violence.
Cross sectionally there were no significant findings. But in 2007, we followed 15 kids for 1-1 ½ years and we saw that there was a correlation between high cortisol, (pre bedtime) cortisol, and decreased volume from time1 to time 2 of the hippocampus.
Of course, the hippocampus is important for memory storage and retrieval so we did a task in functional MRI, a verbal declarative memory task, to look at encoding and retrieval in kids. We saw that in the control/healthy group, with no history of trauma and no PTSD symptoms, was activating significantly more hippocampus than the PTSD kids were. So we were not seeing the volume differences but, functionally, you can see that the hippocampus really does not work as well in kids with PTSD.
We then decided to look at emotional regulation. We did the faces task and saw that kids that have PTSD activate their amygdala significantly earlier when viewing an angry face. When viewing a fearful face, there was a trend for their pre-frontal cortex to not be as activated as it was in the healthy controls. But the interesting thing about the amygdala activation is that, potentially, what we are talking about is a neuro functional marker of hyperarousability for these kids who have a history of exposure to interpersonal violence. For these kids, the face of someone angry is a cue/trigger and we here see the amygdala getting activated.
So then, we started thinking that treatments that treat these kids better pay attention to emotional regulation, memory processing, and executive function. The other thing we realized is that we could increase the empirical validity of some treatment interventions by demonstrating that they can lower cortisol or decrease amygdala function on this task and so forth.
SJ: What are the most common misperceptions/misunderstandings regarding the impact of traumatic stress on child development?
VC: There used to be this idea that children were resilient just by virtue of being children but there is no literature to really back that up. In fact, we know the opposite. We know that you are more vulnerable when you are younger, when you do not have defensive styles, when your brain is still developing, when your physiology is still developing. It affects you more.
SJ: What are effective treatments for children with PTSD? (psychological therapies and pharmacotherapies)
VC: Trauma focus cognitive behavioral therapy is the treatment of choice. It is a treatment that was developed to treat children who have experienced sexual abuse but it has now been adapted to be used in different settings including for children who have witnessed domestic violence.
One of the things that Judith Cohen (the developer of trauma focused CBT) and I are talking about is the need to develop algorithms for treatment. So, the age of the kids, the type of trauma and duration of the trauma would determine which specific treatment a child would get.
But certainly, the first line of intervention for children that have PTSD is psychosocial interventions and it is not medication. Now, do I use medication? Yes. I use medication in 2 scenarios. One, when there is comorbidity and the comorbidity in PTSD is high, it is 80%. So if the child has major depression, in addition to the PTSD, I would want to treat that. That is one scenario. The other scenario is when the severity is so high that this individual may have difficulties engaging in their psychosocial treatment.
But the reality is that we have no pharmacological agent that would target all the neurotransmitter systems that traumatic stress impacts.
We actually developed a manual to treat kids called the Cue-Centred Treatment Protocol. The whole idea here is that it is a hybrid. It has different components that we know help kids, it has: CBT, exposure and psycho education and insight orientated therapy. But the main thing that it does is that it empowers children to be their own agent of change. It is not so much about processing a narrative as teaching you how important a narrative is because the chances that these kids will continue to have traumas after we finish treatment is still pretty high and we want these kids to be equipped in knowing what to do.
We did a randomized controlled trial in East Palo Alto and Hunters Point in Bayview at some schools there and the treatment has shown efficacy to decrease PTSD symptoms and anxiety symptoms when compared to kids put on a wait list.
There are some family interventions too. One is called parent-child psychotherapy. This is worked by Alicia Lieberman at UCSF
where she helps children age zero to 5. It gives treatment to both the parent and the child, it is more about their dyad, their relationship and that has also been shown to be effective.
SJ: What are the factors that determine how children, with PTSD, will respond to treatment?
VC: With children, there are 3 factors that we think are very important to the outcome of the psychosocial intervention: Intelligence, motivation, and psychological mindedness. If a child is motivated and they can talk about feelings and they are smart, then the treatments will likely work. For some special populations, like children with mental retardation that get traumatized or children in the juvenile justice system we still need more effective treatments.
SJ: What types of preventative interventions/public health measures do you think are key to reducing the amount of violence children in our society are exposed too?
VC: One of the things that I have done for the past 3 years is that I have been part of this coalition in San Francisco where we have built an ecological approach to the problem of trauma. Rather than just concentrating on models or treatments for the individual, we think of the whole system. We think about their school, we think about their family and how can we, in one place, do preventive work or treatment. We have developed this Centre for Youth Wellness (CYW) which is a place that integrates paediatric care with mental health. So, every time they come for their paediatric checks, they get additional screenings for trauma. In that way, we know very early if they had traumatic events or not and then we start working with them, but not only with them, with their families and with the primary care team that is taking care of them in the same place.
The CYW is also co-located with the CAC i.e. the Child Advocacy Centre. The CAC is the place that, when something traumatic happens, the child will come here get their forensic evaluations and physical exams etc. So, if that family shows up with kids to the CAC, the other siblings can be enrolled right away in the Centre for Youth Wellness. So, we are concentrating a lot on prevention, on interdisciplinary work and concentrating on developing new treatment methods that are empirically validated.
At Ravenswood Family Health Centre, here in East Palo Alto, we have thismodel where we have a behavioral health worker working with the pediatricians. We looked at referrals and found that when we did a "warm hand off" (between psychiatry and the behavioural health person) there was significantly more follow through and less no shows for treatment.
SJ: What do you envision will be key obstacles to progression in this field? Or what are the major controversies in this field that need to be resolved?
VC: The way that ground mechanisms work in terms of funding for 3 or 5 years or maybe even less than that. This makes follow up research very difficult. We need longitudinal studies to advance our knowledge of what goes on in PTSD.
SJ: What do you envision will be key advances in the treatment/understanding/prevention of traumatic stress in children in the next 10-20 years?
VC: I think working with mathematicians will advance our field, because I think that mathematical formulas are going to help us understand how these variables interact with each other e.g. like genetics and severity of the traumatic event.
I get excited about treatment interventions that can demonstrate that they can actually alter the physiology of someone who struggles with PTSD.
I am excited to know more about how stressors and traumatic events impact the physical health of the individual, for example, through atherosclerosis or pro-inflammation and things like that. This will inform not only our psychiatric practice but I think medicine in general and the role of environment in medicine.
Article on Mind the Brain blog, PLOS.


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Happy Birthday Lou….Where are you?
Rays of sunshine are pouring down on Bright House Field for an afternoon game against the Rays. (Geez, that is really corny).
Another sellout in the books. Yesterday's crowd was 10,724, a new Bright House Field record.
With the minor league camp only 200 yards away, there's a lot of interaction between the two camps. Big league players can get in some innings or at-bats at Carpenter Complex. Minor leaguers are sent over for big league games. Michael Stutes yesterday pitched the ninth inning and picked up the win.
Polanco spent some 30 minutes talking with the Hispanic minor league players the other day. Halladay will be speaking with the pitchers. This morning, Davey Lopes had a bunch of minor league players on the half field at Bright House Field going over base-stealing. Very little time is wasted in either camp.
Happy Birthday
Lou Lucier is a 5-foor-8 right-handed former Phillies pitcher who is celebrating his 92nd birthday today. He pitched for the Phillies in 1944-45 and wore #36.
He is one of 10 Phillies Alumni who are the Nonagenarian Club (90 years of age or older).
We are sending a birthday gift to our 90 year olds. Unfortunately, we don't have an address for Lou. So, if anyone out there knows his whereabouts, kindly let me know.
Alumni Memories
A daily feature–spring training memories by Phillies Alumni, who were asked three questions: (1) Memories of their very first spring training; (2) What they liked the most about spring training, and (3) What did they like the least.
Bob Dernier (OF, 1980-83; 1988-89)
"I went from AA to the majors in September in 1980 so I hadn't been in a spring training camp before I got to the big leagues which was kind of unique. The following year, I was in camp with the World Champions at Jack Russell Stadium. It was exciting and at the same time, somewhat intimidating. But, Schmidt, Pete and Tug made me feel like I belonged. I lived on the beach with Marty Bystrom and later with Von Hayes. The atmosphere of spring training was great. Lot of fond times and memories. For me, I'd wake up at 6 every morning and run on the beach for 30 minutes and get to the park about 7:30. I just loved that part. Not knowing if you were going to make a club or hearing trade rumors were things I didn't care for. In 1984 I was traded at the end of spring training. I was kind of down because when you get traded it's like you get divorced."
Next post: tomorrow.


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The Man & His Art
Robert Grant Smith's aviation paintings and prints can be found in museums, and private collections, in the wardrooms of naval vessels, on the walls of the Pentagon and countless military installations, and in congressional and corporate offices. A selection of his paintings is on permanent display at the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum.
His powerful depictions of the extraordinary American victory in the great naval battle at Midway between 4-6 June 1942 have helped to raise public awareness and appreciation of the battle that turned the tide against Japan in the Pacific War. His Midway paintings have also helped to fill an historical void caused by the absence of any photographic record of the critical minutes when the tide of the battle finally turned in America's favor.
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