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Q: Are there any issues regarding conversion of hardness from one method or scale to another?
A: In one simple word, yes. Hardness is not a fundamental property of a material. In other words, it is not a property like density or elastic modulus. In the case of fundamental properties, conversion factors from one scale to another (such as from pounds per cubic inch to grams per cubic centimeter for density, or pounds per square inch to megapascals for tensile strength) involve simple unit conversion that can be as accurate as necessary depending on the number of significant digits used in the conversion factor.
The word "hardness" is usually used in reference to indentation hardness, which is the resistance of metal to plastic deformation by indentation. Indentation hardness may be measured by a number of different hardness test methods, including Brinell, Rockwell, Vickers, comparison and ultrasonic contact impedance (UCI) testers, as discussed in the previous column (Spring 2008, page 60). Indentation hardness is also sometimes determined by using a rebound hardness method (such as a Leeb tester) and converting the value to one of the indentation hardness scales.
Unfortunately, these test methods produce and measure the indentations in a variety of different manners. For example, Brinell testing involves using a very high load (usually 3000 kgf) to load a 1 cm tungsten carbide ball into the part, measuring the indentation and calculating the hardness based on an equation. Vickers testing is similar, except it indents the specimen with a square-based diamond pyramid using loads usually ranging from 1 gf to 30 kgf. Rockwell testing uses a round-based conical diamond indenter (A, C and N scales) or a spherical tungsten carbide indenter (B, F and T scales), and loads the material in two stages (minor and major loads). The differential penetration of the indenter between the minor and major loads is measured and used to determine the Rockwell hardness.
Indentation hardness readings are affected to various degrees by the fundamental properties of the material being tested, such as the elastic modulus, the yield strength and the work-hardening coefficient. Since the indentation methods are different, the various methods are measuring different combinations of these factors. This makes correlation of hardness readings taken with various methods difficult, even when only one material is involved.
This fact does not seem to be well-recognized in industry, but is known among hardness testing experts. For example, the following paragraph, extracted from ASTM E140-07 (emphasis added), provides strong indications that hardness conversion is not as straightforward as one would like to believe. Paragraphs 6.1 through 6.3 also include a number of cautionary statements regarding conversions.
1.12 Conversion of hardness values should be used only when it is impossible to test the material under the conditions specified, and when conversion is made it should be done with discretion and under controlled conditions. Each type of hardness test is subject to certain errors, but if precautions are carefully observed, the reliability of hardness readings made on instruments of the indentation type will be found comparable. Differences in sensitivity within the range of a given hardness scale (for example, Rockwell B) may be greater than between two different scales or types of instruments. The conversion values, whether from the tables or calculated from the equations, are only approximate and may be inaccurate for specific application.1
The following examples using the tables in ASTM E140 show that hardness conversion is a very risky business:
- In Table 1 (Approximate Hardness Conversion Numbers for Non-Austenitic Steels [Rockwell C Hardness Range]), 248 Vickers is "equivalent" to 61.5 Rockwell "A". In Table 2 (Approximate Hardness Conversion Numbers for Non-Austenitic Steels [Rockwell B Hardness Range]), Rockwell A 61.5 is "equivalent" to 240 Vickers. Which is correct?
- In Table 2, 240 Brinell is equal to 240 Vickers, but in Table 1, 240 Brinell is equal to 251 Vickers (by interpolation). Which is correct?
The conversion issue becomes even more problematic for materials that are not covered by the standard conversion tables. Many people use ASTM E140 Tables 1 and 2 for hardness conversions for materials that are not covered in any of the tables in E140. For example, assume a specification (such as one of the NACE sour service standards) calls for a particular maximum Rockwell C hardness for a duplex stainless steel (such as 28 Rockwell C), and the hardness for the part is reported in Brinell (e.g., 286 Brinell). The existing ASTM E140 Table 1 for non-austenitic steels would indicate a conversion of 286 Brinell = 30 Rockwell C, which would cause rejection of the material. However, some private testing indicates that 286 Brinell actually converts to less than 28 HRC in at least one duplex stainless-steel material. Unfortunately, verified and standardized tables of conversion values for duplex stainless steels do not exist. This results in false rejection of materials, leading to increased costs and equipment delivery delays.
In summary, hardness conversion is a very complex subject. Conversion of readings from one scale to another or one method to another should be performed only when absolutely necessary, and with great care and consideration. Furthermore, hardness requirements for materials should be specified using methods and scales that are most appropriate for the material (e.g., Brinell for large castings instead of Rockwell B or C). This approach eliminates the need for conversion and the issues that can result.
1. ASTM E140-07 Standard Hardness Conversion Tables for Metals Relationship Among Brinell Hardness, Vickers Hardness, Rockwell Hardness, Superficial Hardness, Knoop Hardness, and Scleroscope Hardness, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.


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Ala. Immigration Law Casts Pall Over Community's Schools
The toughest of a wave of state laws targeting illegal immigrants, Alabama's statute is affecting learning for a town's Latino students
In the days before Alabama's tough immigration law took full effect last year, Maritelma Ixmatlahua, a 36-year-old wife and mother from Veracruz, Mexico, had some wrenching decisions to make.
Should her family of four pack up their small trailer home and leave Foley, this rural community just north of the resort town of Gulf Shores? Only her daughter Ruby has legal status. Born in the 8,000-resident town seven years earlier, Ruby is a U.S. citizen.
On the other hand, if the family stayed, whom could she and her husband designate to become legal guardians of Ruby and her 12-year-old brother, Juan Pablo, in the event that both parents were detained by immigration authorities?
And finally, la ley, as the immigrant community in Alabama refers to the immigration law, was forcing her and her husband to tell Juan Pablo, a 6th grader, that he is undocumented. How would they explain it?
Juan Pablo wanted to know if, like many of his friends at school, the family would move to Mexico, a country he'd only known the first three years of his life. Moved by the boy's persuasion, the family decided to stay. And, on Sept. 29, 2011, the day after a federal district judge allowed most of the law to take effect, Ixmatlahua and her husband sent their two children to school.
"We told them, 'You will go to school and fulfill your dreams,' " Ixmatlahua recalls telling her children. "You will show them with your good grades that we are better than they think we are."
Approved nearly a year ago by state lawmakers and Gov. Robert Bentley, a Republican, the law that brought on Ixmatlahua's emotional distress is considered the nation's toughest immigration law. It is seen as effectively pushing undocumented immigrants from the state by curtailing many of their rights. And the state's public schools and educators are squarely in the middle of the human fallout it has brought on.
Among other provisions, the law makes it a criminal offense for undocumented immigrants to register a vehicle or rent an apartment, and it cracks down on anyone who employs or houses undocumented immigrants.
It also includes a provision requiring school districts to ask new students to show proof of citizenship or lawful immigration status when they enroll; the districts are then to report that information to the state education department. (That mandate was put on hold by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 11th Circuit, in Atlanta.)
The Alabama law is among a wave of anti-illegal-immigration laws to have emerged in states such as Arizona, Georgia, Indiana, South Carolina, and Utah—all places that, like Alabama, have seen a surge in their immigrant populations over the past few decades. In Alabama, the law's supporters say they acted, in part, to push the federal government to enact its own reforms of immigration law.
The longevity of those state laws is uncertain because of legal challenges by the Obama administration. The U.S. Supreme Court is currently weighing the Arizona law—which does not share the same school-related provisions as Alabama's law—and is expected to announce a decision later this month.
Whatever the outcome of the legal wrangling, such statutes have had a chilling effect, opponents say, in many immigrant-rich communities—even in Foley, where many of the families that fled last fall have begun to return.
Educators at Foley Elementary School see the impacts play out every day, in the questions that children ask their teachers—such as "Do you have your papers?"—and in troubling trends they've noticed in behavior and academic achievement in the past six months or so.
For example, educators here expect the rate at which Hispanic students are held back a grade to be as much as four times what it was last year. Though scores on state achievement tests for the 2011-12 school year weren't available yet, Foley's staff members were bracing for a drop in academic growth for their Hispanic and English-learner students, who have been outperforming their non-Hispanic white and African-American peers for the past three years.
"A child who is in fear cannot learn, and that is what we are dealing with," says William Lawrence, the longtime principal of Foley Elementary, where 20 percent of the 1,200 students are Latino, most of them American-born.
"For the most part, these are American-citizen children whose constitutional rights are under attack by this law," Lawrence says. "And all children, regardless of their legal status, have the right to come to school free of fear."
The landmark 1982 U.S. Supreme Court decision in Plyler v. Doe ruled that children are entitled to receive a free public K-12 education in the United States regardless of their immigration status.
Defending the Policy
But advocates for Alabama's law say that none of its provisions are tantamount to keeping immigrant children or the children of immigrants out of public schools.
"We don't have these laws to be mean to people," says Ira Mehlman, the spokesman for the Washington-based Federation for American Immigration Reform, or FAIR, which supports the Alabama law and other similar state laws. "The issue is: How does this affect the lives of those in Alabama or anywhere else? If your kid is in a classroom where half the kids don't speak English and you are seeing resources diverted from your children to teach these children English, it's not fair."
A poll conducted in February and published in March showed that a majority of Alabama residents support the current law, but even among supporters, many believe it needs revising. Roughly 35 percent of state residents oppose the law, according to the poll, conducted by Anzalone Liszt Research, a public opinion and political consulting firm.
Most young Latinos in American public schools are born in the United States. Fewer than 10 percent of them were born in a foreign country, although Alabama has the highest concentration of foreign-born Latinos of any state at 17 percent, according to an EPE Research Center analysis of the U.S. Census Bureau's American Community Survey. Still, the polarizing debates and rhetoric around immigration in Alabama and elsewhere overshadow the lives of many Latino students regardless of their legal status.
Carmen Gonzalez, a 28-year-old mother of two schoolchildren in Foley who was born in Texas and raised in southern Alabama, describes it this way: "It doesn't matter that my children and I are citizens. People look at us now, see our brown skin and hear us speak Spanish, and treat us like we don't belong here."
"My experience is that students are acutely aware of these anti-immigrant sentiments and the high-profile activities in places like Arizona and Georgia make this feel pervasive," says Patricia Gándara, a professor of education at the University of California, Los Angeles, and the co-director of the Civil Rights Project/Proyecto Derechos Civiles at UCLA. "A lot of the kids are born here or otherwise legally here, but if one family member's status is in doubt, the whole family is affected."
Worry about family members' status or even wondering what opportunities will be open to them as adults not only makes focusing on school a challenge, but can lead to poor performance, loss of motivation, and ultimately dropping out, Ms. Gándara says.
The 'Friendly School'
For more than a decade, Foley Elementary School has been as central to the tight-knit immigrant community here as St. Margaret's, the local Catholic church, where Mass is celebrated in Spanish every Sunday. The school—known as escuela amistosa, or the "friendly school"—began serving immigrants about 15 years ago in a summer program for the children of migrant workers who came to work the sweet-potato and watermelon harvest.
Lawrence was in his first year as Foley's principal then and remembers that there were just four children enrolled year-round who were Latino and needed English-as-a-second-language services.
Within a few years, though, the population grew bigger and more permanent as construction jobs became plentiful in and around Gulf Shores, which had been badly damaged in 2004 by Hurricane Ivan. The rise in sod farming—a year-round enterprise—also drew immigrant families, who put down roots in the area. The thriving tourism industry in Gulf Shores provided jobs in restaurants, condominiums, and hotels.
Lawrence began assembling a staff that could serve those new students and their families; he eventually added three full-time ESL teachers, one part-time ESL teacher, and a bilingual paraeducator. Ida White, one of Lawrence's former teachers in the summer migrant program was hired to be a bilingual parent liaison who works closely with the Spanish-speaking families who live in the southern half of the 28,000-student Baldwin County school system, where Foley is located.
Facing the Fallout
That staffing, along with other efforts that Lawrence and his team of educators took to make immigrant families feel welcome, cemented the school's reputation as a place to turn for all kinds of support. Foley staff members offered adult ESL and literacy classes, collected food and clothing for families in need, and helped translate at doctor's appointments or government offices.
As the state immigration legislation began brewing last year and many Hispanics were anticipating the worst, the Foley Elementary staff hosted a meeting with immigrant families at the school, advising them to "make a plan" before uprooting and leaving. But in the weeks leading up to the law's enactment and in the days immediately afterward, Foley's team realized many parents either thought the law barred their children from school or were fearful that if they did attend, school officials would have to report them to law enforcement.
Of Latino youths younger than 18 residing in the United States, fewer than 10 percent were born in another country. The percentage of young Latinos who are immigrants varies from state to state, with a high of 17 percent in Alabama and a low of 1 percent in Montana. Southeastern states have relatively large concentrations of non-native young Latinos.
Because of the law's provision allowing law-enforcement officials to ask for documentation during routine traffic stops, many parents were too scared to drive anywhere.
More than two dozen families withdrew their children from Foley Elementary, and those children who did come to school were often in tears, Lawrence says.
Students' biggest fear was that one or both of their parents would be pulled over by the police and detained while they were in school, the principal recalls.
"My kids were running home every day after school to make sure I was still there," Lorena Gonzalez Estrada, an undocumented mother of three, says in Spanish. "They weren't being normal, happy kids."
Teachers found themselves consoling sobbing students, who missed their friends who had left. They also consoled one another, as they noticed that families had left.
Signs of academic trouble also became apparent, a direct result, educators say, of the fear and psychological stress brought on by the law.
Robin Wiggins, a veteran kindergarten teacher at Foley, says English-language learners are "always quiet at the beginning of the year." But, in a normal year, most of them are freely expressing themselves in English by Christmas, she says.
"This year, that's not been the case," Wiggins says. "I think it's because they did not know if we wanted to hear what they had to say."
Older Youths' Stresses
Patty Wagner, a bilingual ESL teacher at Foley Intermediate School, a separate campus which serves 5th and 6th graders, has seen disturbing behavior changes and signs of depression in some of her students that she attributes to the impact the law has had on them and their families.
"We have students who are huffing the freon in air conditioners," she says. "And I know of a girl who has started cutting herself. And some students who had been hardworking before seem to have given up. It's like they see no point in even trying anymore."
The Rev. Paul Zoghby, the priest at St. Margaret of Scotland Church, where many Hispanic families attend Mass, says one family made the decision to pack up and leave for Mexico even though a 17-year-old daughter, who is a U.S. citizen, would have graduated from high school this month and had won a hefty college scholarship.
"The choices people have been forced to make are just tragic," he says.
In the months since the law went into effect, people's nerves have calmed some, and educators at Foley have worked hard to allay fears and be a source of reliable information, especially now that a new piece of legislation to amend the state law is making its way through the Alabama statehouse in Montgomery.
Principal Lawrence and Foley Elementary ESL teachers Patricia Armour and Linda Harris have also become outspoken activists against the law and the changes that are proposed in the new legislation.
"I've told everyone who will listen that this law is wrong and it hurts children," Lawrence says. "I'm a lifelong Republican, but I can't stand by and watch as politicians try to hurt good children and families."
Armour says that for the first time in a three-decade teaching career, she was not proud to teach her students the Pledge of Allegiance. "It made me feel bad," she says.
Juan Pablo, who seems to fully understand what's at stake for his family despite his young age, admits that last semester was difficult for him, and that he let his grades slip. He was preoccupied with whether he'd have to move to Mexico, where he says, "the politicians don't want to share the money and most people are very poor."
And, he says, Mexico is too dangerous: "It's not safe there because of the [drug] cartels."
"I honor my parents for bringing us here," he says, through tears. "I don't know what I would be doing over there in Mexico."
Still, the state law has altered Juan Pablo's future ambitions, though he says he won't give up on his dream to attend the University of Alabama and play for the powerhouse Crimson Tide football team.
"I wanted to join the Army or the Air Force, but now I am thinking about becoming a priest," he says. "My mom said to me, 'Why would you want to go over there [to fight in a war] if they are treating us like this?'"
Vol. 31, Issue 34, Pages 8-11Published in Print: June 7, 2012, as Immigration Law Casts Shadow Over Schooling in Alabama
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Monday is press event day at CES 2013, and that means plenty of big announcements from major companies such as Ford, Qualcomm and Sony. We also went hands-on with great new gear. Here are the top 10 stories of the day.
Sony Xperia Z Smartphone Plays Music Underwater
CES 2013 feels like Sony Mobile's coming out party. Though the electronics giant split from cellphone partner Ericsson in 2011, the newly single company had yet to really wow us with its handsets . . . until now. The new Sony Xperia Z combines current superphone staples like a 5-inch, 1080p screen and quad-core Snapdragon S4 Pro processor with high-end imagining and the ability to survive underwater without missing a beat.
More:Sony Xperia Z 1080p Smartphone Plays Music Underwater
Ford Announces In-Car App Developer Program
Ford is tapping into the nearly limitless app developer community to help bring more in-car apps to its vehicles with its Ford Developer Program. The initiative, announced at CES 2013, has the look and feel of a true Silicon Valley developer program. App creators develop their apps for either Android or iOS using Ford's SDK and submit them to the automaker for review. After passing review, the apps can be published in the relevant app store.
More:Ford Channels Silicon Valley with In-Car App Developer Program
AMD Announces Radeon HD Mobile GPUs
Here at CES 2013, AMD announced the Radeon HD 8000M series of GPUs. There will be four lines; 8500M, 8600M, 8700M and 8800M. At the event we attended, AMD stated that these GPUs should start appearing in ASUS, Lenovo, Samsung and other notebooks in the coming weeks.
More:AMD Announces 8000M Series of Radeon HD Mobile GPUs
Polaroid Launches First Android-Powered Micro Four-Thirds Camera
One-upping the Samsung Galaxy Camera and the Nikon Coolpix S800C, Polaroid has launched the first micro four-thirds interchangeable lens camera that features built in Wi-Fi and Android.
More:Polaroid Launches First Android-Powered Micro Four-Thirds Camera
Huawei Ascend Mate Hands-on: World's Biggest Screen and Battery
The Huawei Ascend Mate is so big that we had to step back to fit it in the frame when shooting this phablet at CES 2013. At 6.1 inches, the Mate (coming to China in February and other markets thereafter) makes the iPhone 5 look like a Tic-Tac. It also has a much bigger 720p screen than the 5.5-inch Galaxy Note II, although Huawei says it has a more compact screen-to-chassis ratio than competing phones.
More:Huawei Ascend Mate Hands-on: World's Biggest Screen and Battery
Pantech Discover Hands-on: A Big-Screen Phone for the Masses
Big-screen phones used to be the sole domain of top-tier manufacturers like HTC and Samsung, but Pantech is flipping that paradigm on its head with its new 4.8-inch Discover. Available on AT&T starting Jan. 11, the Discover is about as budget-friendly as a smartphone can get, at $49.99 with a two-year contract.
More:Pantech Discover Hands-on: A Big-Screen Phone for the Masses
Lexus Rolls Out Autonomous Vehicle Concept
Lexus and its parent company Toyota are jumping into the self-driving car race. The company announced at CES 2013 that it's working on what it calls its Advanced Active Safety Research Vehicle, which will serve as a launch pad for future autonomous vehicles.
More:Lexus Rolls Out Autonomous Vehicle Concept
Vizio 10-inch Tablet Hands-On: First With Nvidia Tegra 4 CPU
Less than 24 hours after Nvidia announced its new Tegra 4 processor–which promises twice the performance of the Nexus 10–Vizio showed off a prototype 10-inch tablet using that chip, the first we've seen here at CES 2013.
More:Vizio 10-inch Tablet Hands-On: First With Nvidia Tegra 4 CPU
Ubuntu Mobile OS Hands-On Video: Sleeker, Faster, Prettier
Software company Canonical made waves recently with the announcement that Ubuntu, the popular open-source operating system, was making the leap to smartphones. But does the world need another mobile operating system? The folks at Canonical seem to think so. And after going hands-on with the latest build of Ubuntu Mobile during Pepcom at CES 2013, we tend to agree.
More:Ubuntu Mobile OS Hands-On Video: Sleeker, Faster, Prettier
Qualcomm Debuts New Snapdragon CPUs
At Qualcomm's CES 2013 Keynote, CEO Paul Jacobs announced its new Snapdragon 800 and Snapdragon 600 processors. We got a few demos, including a rendering of a fire-breathing dragon in a modern-looking game environment (pictured). Qualcomm claims that the 800 will deliver up to 75 percent better performance over the Snapdragon S4 processor, while the 600 will supposedly deliver up to 40 percent better performance compared to the S4.
More:Qualcomm Announces Snapdragon 800 and 600 CPUs at CES 2013 Keynote


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Hire Dave Hester to Auctioneer Your Next Event
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How can Dave Hester improve your results?
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More than just an auctioneer – an experienced auction event consultant
No question about it: there's a lot to understand up front about auctions, particularly those for storage units or moving & storage companies. Dave has the expertise to help you navigate the pitfalls that can come with these types of sales. For example, it's important that you achieve a commercially equitable value on the items sold, or there may be grounds for a claim. In addition, it's important that the contents of a unit be sold for at least the approximate value of the owed rent (if not well above), rather than a fraction of it, as a further form of protection against possible claims.
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No One Likes Web Ads. What About Web Ads That Look Like Magazine Ads?
Common complaint among Web advertising pundits: Web ads suck. Why can't they be cool, like some of the ads that run in glossy magazines?
So here's a start-up–funded by a magazine, not coincidentally–with the same point of view. FlipGloss Media, run by Yahoo veterans using money from Forbes, wants to make Web advertising that looks… like some of the ads in glossy magazines.
"We think consumers love the magazine experience, but we wanted to build something that is native digital," says CEO Kerry Trainor, who used to run the ad business for Yahoo's (YHOO) music site back when that was a big deal.
Unspoken but crucial part of the pitch: Not only are traditional Web ads boring, but the prices publishers can command for them drop every day. So anything that can command a premium–as certain magazine ads still do–would be a huge boon for Web publishers.
What does a digital version of a magazine ad look like? FlipGloss has unveiled a site today that gives you a pretty good idea: Basically, lavish slideshows with hyperlinks. Like this (click to enlarge, hopefully):
Move your mouse over, say, the picture of this model from New York Fashion Week, and you'll find that she's wearing a Charlotte Ronson dress; you can also learn more about the designer and where you can find her clothes (coming to J.C. Penney this month, apparently).
The site is fun to monkey around with, but if FlipGloss pans out, you'll encounter its slides on other people's sites. The plan: FlipGloss hands its technology over to various publishers, who sell their own ads and give the company a cut. Alternatively, FlipGloss helps assemble editorial/advertising packages for various publishers and takes a bigger cut.
FlipGloss has taken an investment from Forbes Media, my former employer (more disclosure here), and its advisory board includes several representatives from Elevation Partners, the private equity group that took a 40 percent stake in Forbes a few years ago.
While I can imagine Forbes finding some practical applications for FlipGloss–Forbes.com, for instance, is a vigorous proponent of slide shows–the company will really need to find traction with publishers like Condé Nast, whose magazines are famous for their lavish advertising.
But while FlipGloss says it's working with several unnamed publishers, I'm told it is not working with Condé Nast's digital group. It would be good if the company could figure out how to do that.
The bigger challenge: convincing publishers who have built complicated systems to deliver crummy banner ads to try out another medium. And then convincing advertisers to pay a premium for it. Given that my livelihood is dependent on Web ads (you're reading this story for free, right?), I hope someone figures it out.


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A lot of my swimming has been done at 5:30 AM. This is a different world from the lunch time swims, or the early evening after work swims. Unlike other times of the day swimming at sparrows fart is part getting out of bed and getting to the pool, then seeing all the weirdness in between.
Here is a brief list of oddities....
1/ driving to the pool and seeing people doing the walk of shame from the night before.
2/ getting into the pool and waiting a good 15 min for the lifeguard to saunter up to their post.
3/ the territorial behavior of picking a lane. it usually is a first come first serve. But certain lane mates are "hard to swim with."
4/ the lapper... that one person who is oh so fast and they tend to try to pass you when you are less than 1 foot from the wall
5/ people who actually steal your kick board.... really you can't walk the extra 5 steps to get your own
6/ the half awake lane hog. love how they drift over
7/ the gaggle of swimmers who all are practicing the same workout and belong to some phantom team who take up half the lane space. I also love how they all gather in the deep end and chat for a good 5 min. It's early in the morning, go swim and then go to work.
Had a nice swim....
600 w/u
Main set
3 x 100 (50 sw/50K)
3 x 100
After that....
200 easy
12 x 50
200 cd
4100 total
it was a good swim, pool wasn't too busy. Had only one lane mate and she was pretty fast but not obnoxious.
It was nice to get back into the water after taking a week off. At times I felt like i was swimming backwards.... Looking forward to getting some more yards in before the new years.
500m warmup
Repeat 5 times 50m freestyle @8-10 strokes per breath 100m kick
Repeat 10 times 50m sprint freestyle @8-10 strokes per breath 50m easy pace
distance free From what i remember.....
swam 3550 and for the life of me i can not remember the break down other than it had plenty of 100's and a few 200's because what would a swim be without 200's.
the first half of the swim was nice. shared a lane with a pretty good swimmer. What made him pretty good... his manners. then we got another person in so we had to circle swim. she was extremely ambitious and brought her own pace clock.
i know if you bring your own pace clock it is usually in the form of a wrist watch. but to bring your very own big one that you have to prop up on a set of kick boards just makes you extra special. soon after our new lane mate jumped in we dropped one of the first two. so back to straight out and back. then a guy in the most festive type of jammers decided to hop in.
he was also an ambitious type. and soon in the medium a neck and neck grudge match ensued between the pace clocker and festive jammers. they were barely able to out touch the wall (keep in mind we are supposed to be circular swimming). then they would leave starting a new lap right on each others' toes.
this become obnoxious and luckily i was done with my swim. i need to get fast again and get back into the fast lane.
Felt pretty tired this morning after yesterdays swim and lifting. This morning's dip was a 1500 time trial and a total of 2500. did a 500 warm up and a 500 cool down.
Was lucky enough to swim in a circle so the pace was good for me.
Reached my goal of 100 miles for the year the other day. Not bad considering i was not too consistent this year. Shooting for 150 in 2013.
Had a good lunchtime swim. Did an extended sessions of 3850.
300 sw
4x50 sw
4x75 (50 sw, 25K)
main set
1x400 (sucked)
1 min bonus rest
200 pull (pull it out of my @ss)
c/d 200
Had the pool to myself. I really like the lunch swims when i have the time. Usually the morning swim is is very competitive.
Up at sparrows fart got in the widest lane and did 3850.
Got a massage the other day so i felt like a noodle. the swim felt real good and now i am:
1.06 miles (= 1,865 yards, = 1,705 meters) to next milestone (100 miles milestone).
this swim was a long warmup , lots of 200's and a short cool down.
lots of fun.
300 s
100 k
200 s
100 k
100 s
100 k
Main set
5x200 (:20ri)
200 fast (1:00 ri)
4 x 200 (:20ri)
200 fast (1:00 ri)
3 x 200 (:20ri)
200 fast (1:00 ri)
2 x 200 (:20ri)
200 fast (1:00 ri)
200 easy (1:00 ri)
200 fast (1:00 ri)
total 5300
This was a tough workout. More of a head game. Some simple realizations come to mind when doing this swim. the entire swim is one long gaggle of 200's. Haven't done this kind of distance in a long time. felt good. Think I will keep it up for the winter months.
100 k
main set
4 x 150
4 x 50 k
4 x 100
4 x 75 k
4 x 200
200 c/d
Did 3K during lunch. The pool was not packed so swimming wasn't too bad. this is my third straight day of swimming.
I did an experiment with the 100's the first 100 i did just under 1:00. did the second two sets as active recovery. did the last one all out and got :57. I almost bounced off the wall as I tend to slow down as i approach the wall. This is a PR for me in my 30's.
Just 8 more miles until i reach 100 for this year. Next year i am shooting for 150.
this is one of those days where i shouldn't be trusted with anything more complicated than a sippy cup.
got up around 0450 and lifted weights for about an hour. the session felt good and was a nice endurance high rep type of workout. around 6 i decided to go straight to the pool to take advantage of the training effect. by this time my upper body was all warmed up and ready. usually it takes me a good 30 min to feel this primed when i swim even with a long gradual warmup.
i get in the water and have a lane all to myself. using the fast lane (first time since I was sick a month ago) the water felt refreshing. And as i was doing my warmup i kept getting distracted by the little things like how my nose piece was digging into my nose.... Funny how one day it digs in and the next it decides to not inflict any pain.
so here is the workout
100 k
200 sw
main set
4 x this little super set
400 kick (100/200/100)
It wasn't a bad swim had a good lane buddy who was kicking my butt with ease. She had a Kona ironman swim cap on and she def was an open water swimmer with a wide sweeping stroke.
So verily, i finished and climbed out of the pool feeling really spent. didnt realize how bad it was until i was having trouble cracking an egg without getting most of the shell into the bowl. now i just need enough coffee and the day should be good.
had a good 3K swim.
warm up
200 s
200 s
main set
4 x 150
4 x 50 K
4 x 100
4 x 75 k
4 x 200
cool down
it has been a few weeks since my last swim. sometimes i feel like a 400 lbs of rocks and other times i feel like it was a good taper. getting into the water was good and i felt fast and efficient. guess my dryland workouts helped me keep inshape.
it was nice to get in the water after my run this morning.
400 sw
main set
2 x 250
2 x 250
5 x 100
did a long slow distance swim (5K). have not done this in a long time... real mind fcuk.
Had a great lunchtime swim.
200 s
200 k
200 p
6x75 sprints
main set
First lunchtime swim while the highschool ear is in session. Ironically, the pool was not crowded, people were nice, and the kids were no wheres to be seen.
today i did my second time trial. it was for 500 yds. i was up at sparrows' fart swimming and the pool was full again. only issue i have is that people really should get in touch with the reality of their abilities. if you are in the medium lane it really is not the best idea to swim breast stroke in a slow way for your entire workout. this becomes an issue when you have to circle swim.
i ended up in the fast lane which motivated me to move. i didn't feel too bad after recovering from the flu. slowly but surely i am getting my endurance up. will try for a masters swim practice this week.
did a 500 warmup and then the time trial, with a 100 cool down.
the 500 felt good after yesterdays 1k.
now i have a pretty good baseline.
did a time trial for 1k. felt pretty good. will do a 500 time trial tomorrow and i should have a good idea of how ability to handle fatigue over a 2 day period.
as the week progresses I will start to build up yardage and get back to swimming 4K in an hour.
swam at 530 am and the place was crowded.
got into the pool at 0530. Not many in the pool. Had a lane all to myself. Not until the end of my workout did someone swim in the lane next to me. She was fast and effortless during her warm up. helped me keep pace which is what i needed to finish out the swim.
I feel pretty good after last night's run. my wind is coming back and i felt strong int he water.
300 s
300 k
8 x 200 s / 100 k
100 s
swam 2K @ 0530. first time i did this during the week. pool was crowded but everyone had a lane. this was def the get out of bed older crowd that wasn't playing around.
This swim took a lot out of me and was the first swim at my old training pace since I was sick. it's amazing how congested I was!
300 sw
300 k
2x 100
2x 200
2x 300
100 k
100 cd
had some sinus issue all week. swam 1.5 mile this morning .
it felt good to be back in the pool after a week of feeling sick. first half of the swim i felt feeble. second half i could feel my energy come back. and this is probably the first time in a week that my sinuses were clear.
did 3600.
The theme was 500's and 250's
250s/250K (wu)
500 sw
250 k
500 sw
250 k
500 s
250 k
500 s
250 k
100 cd
nice endurance set. felt good after lifting last night.


text:
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Drag pieces into the puzzle grid so it spells out a quotation attributed to Woodrow Wilson. If you're stuck for an answer, shift-click on the circle to the left of a row and the answer for that row will move itself into position.
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text: I ran into this on the naturepotporri Yahoo site. I am on record here on taxacom as being totally opposed to Creationism being taught in public schools (I see nothing wrong with it being offered in College where students are more mature than in say grade school) . My reason is simple. One can not teach creation or design without opening the door for a teacher to inject _their_ idea, concept, etc. of the creator or designer. Ron Gatrelle ___________ http://www.nytimes.com/2002/02/11/education/11CREA.html?todaysheadlines February 11, 2002 In Ohio School Hearing, a New Theory Will Seek a Place Alongside Evolution By FRANCIS X. CLINES OLUMBUS, Ohio, Feb. 4 - The latest challenge to evolution's primacy in the nation's classrooms - the theory of intelligent design, not the old foe creationism - will get a full- scale hearing next month before Ohio Board of Education members, who are in a heated debate over whether established science censors other views about the origins of life. "It's a stacked deck," said Deborah Owens-Fink, a state school board member and an outspoken supporter of the intelligent design movement. Supporters of this theory acknowledge that the earth is billions of years old, not thousands, as a literal reading of the Bible suggests. They also accept that organisms change over time, according to commonly held principles of evolution. But they dispute the idea that the astounding complexity of the earth's plants and animals could have just happened through natural selection, the force that Darwin suggested drives evolution. An intelligent designer - perhaps the God of Genesis, perhaps someone or something else - had to get the ball rolling, they contend. "This is not a fringe movement," said Ms. Owens-Fink, a marketing professor at the University of Akron. "I find it intellectually intriguing." She spoke as a member of a state school board subcommittee with a five-member majority that favors inserting intelligent design alongside evolution in the state's new teaching standards. Such an order would overrule a draft proposal by a 45- member advisory panel of science teachers. If the full 18-member state board upholds it, it would be the first major victory for the intelligent design movement, which has gained attention in recent years as creationists suffered setbacks in court. Critics say it would make Ohio a laughingstock to rival Kansas, where school board members voted in 1999 to delete evolution from the state's recommended science curriculum and standardized tests. The board was eventually turned out by voters and evolution was restored. Opponents of intelligent design view it as a sophisticated variation on the decades-old effort to force theism into the public schools. "It's a shrouded way of bringing religion into the schools," said Martha W. Wise, a state board member who is the lone opponent of intelligent design on the standards subcommittee. "Personally I'm creationist: I believe in God the Father almighty, creator of heaven and earth," said Ms. Wise, a retired business executive. She emphasized, however, that her belief had no place in a science lesson. "I think intelligent design is a theology, and it belongs in another curriculum." The board's science standards subcommittee has scheduled a hearing next month for a debate on intelligent design. Its proponents insist that eons of evolutionary fact should not be dismissed, but simply supplemented with what they call origins science, defined as the study of intelligent causes that are empirically detectable in nature. "There would be a major revolt in Ohio if that were accepted," said Lynn E. Elfner, a member of the board's science advisory panel and chief executive of the Ohio Academy of Science, a nonprofit professional organization of 1,500 members. Mr. Elfner said intelligent design was a political movement dressed in scientific jargon presenting "the old seductive argument" of being fair to both sides. "But it doesn't play well in science if the other side is not a science," he said. The subcommittee majority's favorable view toward the movement was made clear last month at a meeting in which it gave John H. Calvert, a Kansas City lawyer who is co-founder of the Intelligent Design Network, 30 minutes to speak without giving evolution supporters an opportunity for rebuttal. Mr. Calvert called on Ohio to establish "a level playing field" by having science teachers suggest in classes that "a mind or some form of intelligence is necessary to produce life and its diversity." Evolutionary science is elitist and unfairly "inhibits theism," he said. Board members met here this week to hear a detailed briefing from Dr. David L. Haury, associate professor of science education at Ohio State University. Dr. Haury told them that a theory, by definition, was one of the strongest statements science can make - something rigorously tested across years of experiment and peer review. While many scientists "admit to a greater reality" beyond their discipline, this hardly undermines evolution, he said. "Science has no statement to make beyond the natural world," Dr. Haury said. "Intelligent design is about how things got started. Evolution is about how they change across time." Board members firmly disagreed with him that the distinction was critical. "Well-credentialed scientists think it should be part of the debate," Mike Cochran, a member and lawyer, said of intelligent design. Supporters of intelligent design claim the support of various academics and scientists, including Dr. Michael J. Behe, a biology professor at Lehigh University in Pennsylvania, who set out the theory in his book "Darwin's Black Box: The Biochemical Challenge to Evolution." He argued that various biochemical structures in cells could not have been built step by Darwinian step. But critics say that testing, not credentials, must ultimately verify any scientist's new claim. "Intelligent design is a repackaging of the antievolution movement to try to withstand court challenges by avoiding the C-word," said Dr. Eugenie Scott, executive director of the National Center for Science Education in Oakland, Calif., which promotes the teaching of evolution. Dr. Scott said that some scientists may have interesting antievolution theses still to be tested and proved but in the meantime they should not be used to force quasi-religious theories on science students."Intelligent design is distinctly not ready for prime time," she said. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- http://groups.yahoo.com/group/naturepotpourri .


text:
This is my version... peanut M&Ms were the cheapest/most voluminous things I could find. There are about 230 in a large bag, by the way. Yesterday I polled 50 faculty and staff. In the fall I am going to have to get my butt into overdrive within a day or two to collect at least as many data from students.
I have yet to nail down the details, but the flow will go something like this:
Put up a picture like this.
Ask how far away the houses are from school. Get a few volunteers to describe the mental procedure they used to determine distance from school. Point out that everyone naturally used a difference and absolute value to express distance. And that further, if we can represent distance as absolute value with an equation, we will be able to use it to ask and answer more interesting and difficult problems than our intuition can handle alone. Graph by hand y = |x| by making a table of values. Note the characteristic V shape.
Questions to Answer
Bust out laptops and distribute excel file. As per Dan's original plan, kids will have some choices about what questions to explore and time to flail.
- Who won?
- Rank everybody.
- Top 10 Guessers.
- Any ties?
- Worst guesser?
- Which grade guessed best?
- Which job guessed best?
- Calculate percent error.
(Maybe some/all kids can present aspects of the results on posters we can display?)
Once that's all squared away, I want everyone to explore:
- On average, how good were the guesses?
- Create the scatterplot that displays the characteristic V shape.
- What is the equation of the connected graph of that plot and what do the variables represent?
(This popping up on my screen should not have been, but was, the best part of my day yesterday:)
Follow-on problems once equation is achieved. Solutions using both the graph and the equation.
- What guess corresponds to the average distance from the correct guess?
- What did the worst guesser guess? The best?
- In what range did the better-than-average guessers guess?
- In what range did the worse-than-average guessers guess?
New problems and generalization:
Write an equation/inequality that models the scenario. Make sure to define your variables.
- Today's temperature is 10 degrees off from the usual temperature.
- Today's temperature will be within 10 degrees of the usual temperature.
- Today's temperature will be more than 10 degrees off from the usual temperature.
- If the usual temperature is 68, find values for the three forecasts above using algebra. Show all work at every step.
- Graph the scenario. Indicate the three different forecasts on the graph.
- Write a general expression for the distance between a changing value and a known value. Define your variables.
- Put this equation into words: |x – 10| = 3
- Solve it, showing all work at every step.
- Write down/discuss a procedure for solving any absolute value equation.
- Put this inequality into words: |x – 10| < 3
- Solve it, showing all work at every step.
- Put this inequality into words: |x – 10| > 3
- Solve it, showing all work at every step.
- Write down/discuss a procedure for solving any absolute value inequality.
Feel free to poke holes in this or let me know how you would implement it differently. Also I need to get them solving and graphing more complicated equations and inequalities like say 10 = 2 |3x - 4| + 7, so I'd love to hear if you see any natural ways to make that happen. I haven't been able to think of any yet.


text:
Conferences & Lectures
Our conferences, symposia, and lectures provide opportunities for leading thinkers to share groundbreaking research and practice with the public. Harvard faculty members help design these events to bring new speakers, ideas, and discussions to the University.
Funding Opportunities: Seminars & Workshops
We sponsor workshops and seminars, led by Harvard faculty and Radcliffe Institute fellows, which support intellectual exploration and risk taking in a private setting.
Research Initiatives
The Radcliffe Institute's thematic year on Urbanism, in collaboration with the Harvard-Mellon Urban Initiative, was designed to stimulate a broad-based discussion about "the urban" in the 21st century, a much more complicated concept than 19th- and 20th-century cities.
The Initiative on Native and Indigenous Peoples—a partnership between the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study and the Harvard University Native American Program—explores the acquisition and expression of political power by native and indigenous peoples.
We lead the Boston Area Research Initiative—a collaborative effort between local universities and the City of Boston to connect scholars, policymakers, and civic leaders—which aims to improve the quality of research for scholars and the quality of life for citizens.
Faculty Directors
Our faculty directors, drawn from a range of Harvard schools, create our cross-disciplinary programs.
Engagement Opportunities
We offer faculty, undergraduate, graduate, and post-doctoral students a variety of opportunities to engage with scholars and practitioners through informal and structured events.


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text:
Running Java Program from command prompt
Step by Step Guide to Run Java Program in PC
Further Learning
Complete Java Masterclass
Java Fundamentals: The Java Language
Java In-Depth: Become a Complete Java Engineer!
Blog about Java, Programming, Spring, Hibernate, Interview Questions, Books and Online Course Recommendations from Udemy, Pluralsight, Coursera, etc
step by step tutorial, you better call it HelloWorld Example in Java, it would be more appropriated. I wanted to write HelloWorld in Java and found this quite helpful.
good tutorials..
For javascript and basic java tutorials.. visit
I was looking for How to run java program from command line and got this , I have a confusion is command prompt and command line is same thing or different. java on command line or java on command prompt will run alike or not, please advise
Command line and command prompt are the same.
Can I run my Java program written in notepad or using DOS Editor using above steps ? I understand I need to save by Java program to .java file, compile it using javac command and run it using java command but my doubt is I am coding in windows using notepad but I need to run my Java program in Solaris host which is a Unix machine, I heard Java program written in notepad in windows contains line separator as /r/n while line separator in Unix is /n, won't that create any issue while running Java program in Solaris box?
Can you please let us know How to run Java program in any IDE like Netbeans or Eclipse, I have coding in text editor as textpad or notepad and don't like writing Java program in VI or EMACS editor in Unix operating system e.g. Linux, AIX, BSD or even Solaris. What I want to learn is using Eclipse to run my Java program as soon as I finished coding, is it possible to do that without setting path or classpath etc?
command line arguments are those which you pass while running your Java program from command prompt using "java" command e.g.
java Helloworld abcd 1234
will run HelloWorld class and pass two command line parameters.
This isn't going to work because you opened your string with " but closed it with '
Also, I got this error:
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: helloWorld
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: helloWorld
at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:202)
at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:190)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:306)
at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Launcher.java:301)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:247)
Could not find the main class: helloWorld. Program will exit.
Of course, my classpath is just fine, and matches what Eclipse is successfully using... But I really wanted to try something at the command line :/
i am having some problems with running the java program i created with command prompt can anyone help me ?
Can you please write about
How to run Java program from Windows 7 and Windows 8 ?
How to run Java program from UNIX, Linux and Solaris ?
I heard Java is platform independent but still I have trouble running Java program from Windows to Unix, please help
Best HelloWorld guide for Java Developers, I have seen so far. Thanks a ton dude.
I have read this tutorial. But i have an issue while i am saving the notepad file demo.java in D drive. Now how to compile by command prompt?
what if ..m not able to save my program in bin?
means m getting a dialogue box saying that u don not have authority to access it ..wuld u like to save in my documents ? wat shuld i do ? plz help
What program should it be typed into? I was using notepad but the .java part wasn't saving as part of the name for some reason.
Whenever I typed it into command prompt, it then said the file couldn't be found.
I am answering a couple questions asked by readers. (1) If using Notepad, when saving, on "Save as Type:" select "All files (*.*)", and make sure the name of the file is exactly the same as the class name. In the above case, the file name must be "Helloworld.java". (2) There is an error in the example file! The text in the line should read as follows: System.out.println("I am running my first Java program"); Note the closing " mark instead of '. (3) To open a command prompt in Windows 8, easiest (I think) is to right-click the Start icon (lower left corner) and select it from the choices. Then, navigate to where you have saved the Helloworld.java file. Perhaps this will be in your desktop or documents folders? The command to change directories is cd. The command prompt program usually starts you at c:\Users\yourname. If the file is in the Documents directory, type "cd Documents". If you type "dir" it will list all files and directories in your current file location.
When i try to run my test.java program (which compiles perfectly fine) i get the error, that 'the file C:\ProgramData\Oracle\Java\javapath\java.exe cannot be found'. I couldn't find any solution for this problem on the Internet, do you know what could cause the problem and how to fix it?
plz tell me i m facing an error while running helloworld program the error is
error while writing HelloWorld :HelloWorld.class(Access is denied)
public class Helloworld
1 error
Hello. My version of Java is jre1.8.0_40 I'm confused about what to install for the Path, would there be a conflict if I were to install a JDK to my version of Java? I saw something confusing at Oracle when I was about to download the said instructions above. It says that JDK (Download), Server JRE (Download) & JRE (Download). What should I do now?
@Anonymous, you need JDK if you want to do Java development e.g. writing Java code, compiling them to class file and run them using java command, but if you have a JAR file and you want to run it, JRE is enough, same is the case with Applet.
So, download and install JDK if you want to write Java code. You should define a JAVA_HOME variable and add %JAVA_HOME%/bin in PATH so that javac and other tool are available to your command prompt.
See following tutorials to learn more :
How to set JAVA_HOME see here


text:
What did Justin Timberlake order at Phillips Seafood?
He ordered the $84 "clam bake for two" - two whole Atlantic cold-water lobsters, snow crab legs, shrimp, clams, mussels, potatoes and corn on the cob.
Timberlake is in Baltimore for Thursday night's Legends of the Summer concert at M&T Bank Stadium, where he is the co-headliner with Jay-Z.
According to a spokeswoman for Phillips Seafood, Timberlake dined with four others in the Phillips' private dining room, where he was waited on by Masha Keith.
We could not confirm who was dining with Timberlake, but the bill came to $300.
Timberlake, for the record, left a $100 tip.


text:
Handmade two seater sofa upholstered with vintage Suzani, Thai Hmong and velvet fabrics. Beautiful combination of lovely colors. Seat and outer parts are covered with purple color velvet fabric. Beech wood construction and foam rubber are brand new. Frame is made of kiln dried hardwood. Very comfortable and elegant piece. End-to-end Dimensions (cm): 160 cm width, 90 cm height, 90 cm depth; seat height 45 cm
Handmade item Primary colour: Purple Secondary colour: Rainbow Celebration: Christmas Occasion: Wedding Materials: Suzani fabric, Thai Hmong fabric, velvet fabric, beech wood construction, foam rubber Ships worldwide from Turkey
Name Design Studio
Name Design Studio, founded and designed in 2010 by interior architect Jo Supara and Ali Tarakci, creates original, contemporary hand-crafted, bespoke, furniture and home accessories. They create one-of-a-kind pieces of exciting, handcrafted furniture and home accessories. Made in their studio in Istanbul, the pieces are made by hand and to order, designed and built to last with a timeless quality. The design combines a style of artistic lines and form to detail and sensitivity of materials. They also do designing of interior spaces and complete interior design service to suit for both residential and commercial environments


text: We carry a wide selection of high quality boat bearings, trailer mounts, brake drums, tires, and much more. These are great for any center console or fishing boat that wants to keep their vessel properly hitched. We have equipment from Tie Down Engineering, Sea Choice, Fulton and more. We've got you hitched, all you need to do is relax and live life, Freshly Salted.


text:
The Regina Guitar Show is the annual buy-sell event where guitar buyers, sellers, dealers and luthiers meet to showcase new and used stringed instruments, amplifiers, pedals, accessories and all guitar-related gear.
Date to be Announced
10 AM to 4 PM
Location to be Announced, Regina SK
Tickets $10.00 at the door
Latest News
Yet Another Batch of Confirmed Exhibitors for 2019 Edmonton and Calgary Guitar Shows
2019 Edmonton and Calgary Guitar Shows Filling Up! We've got some more exhibitors signed up for the 2019 Edmonton Guitar Show on Sunday Septem....
Flea Markets Are Back at the 2019 Edmonton and Calgary Guitar Shows
Sell Old Gear and Buy Something New! Canadian Guitar Shows is proud to once again offer our Flea Markets at the Edmonton and Calgary Guitar Sh....
2019 Edmonton and Calgary Guitar Shows - Collectors Spotlight
Several Collectors Making Their Way to the 2019 Alberta Guitar Shows! The Canadian Guitar Shows team is so excited to have so many must-see gu....
Check All the Latest News Here
Exhibitors & Vendors
Reach thousands of guitar enthusiasts in Calgary, Edmonton, Regina and Saskatoon.
Click here for Vendor Booth Information!
Calgary Guitar Show, Sept. 29, 2019
Edmonton Guitar Show, Sept. 22, 2019
Saskatoon Guitar Show, To Be Announced


text:
In this post I'm taking a start of the year snapshot by noting the charts I watch that summarize "where we are" and "what's noteworthy". Again, I don't think anyone is reading this blog. Leave me a comment with a favorite investing information source (free or subscription) if you have the time. If nobody is getting any use from my posts, I'll probably change the site to be password protected and see if that evokes any comments.
By way of background, I was leveraged long precious metals all the way to the top in 2011 making outsized gains in the process and have given up most of the gains since then. I have not been really focused on investing the last two years, but I expect at least a modest recovery in precious metals based on renewed imports into India later this year.
Bank stocks are still nicely leading the S&P 500. This indicates that the strong general stock market bull run is intact.
30 year treasury yields have reached the point at which they have turned down for a couple of decades. Will the world change? FWIW, I've looked and haven't seen any real pattern as far as what turning down means to either stocks, gold or commodities, so crossing that red line may not really change anything.
The US dollar is in the middle of a trading range. I'm not expecting any dramatics here.
Japan is worth following as it leads the worlds in terms of aging population, debt / GDP and resource scarcity. Kyle Bass, who had IMO the most impressive investing YOUTUBE presentation of the year, is quite bearish. The above graph, which covers Japanese stocks in USD (no currency hedging) shows that Abenomics has been working (50% gain since his election) but that its now at resistance and needs to break out above $12.25 to be considered a long-term success. Maybe I should join Kyle and buy a long-dated put option?
China may be reaching a decision point, but I think it will just muddle along this year. I'll be wrong if it breaks above 42 or below 30.
The cost of shipping commodities (not oil) had quite a good year last year while no one was watching. Could be a harbinger of global economic good times and inflation. Take a look at the DRYS chart. That would have been a good break-out to buy.
Crude oil seems headed to the bottom of its trading range and I think it might break down a bit as global peace and the fracking engineers stave off Peak Oil another few years. It can't fall too far though because of the high frack'ed oil cost of production.
Commodities, in general are trending lower and seem about to break resistance at 500 . This is a divergence from the BDI above.
Dr. Copper is at the top of its trading range. A confirmed move above $3.40 would indicate, like the BDI, economic good times and rising inflation.
Here's a pretty interesting and shot-term bearish gold chart. The top in gold corresponds to the bottom in the general stock market relative to commodity prices. As you can see, the stock market in terms of commodities is back to pre-crisis levels. I don't think there is too much further for it to rise. Furthermore, gold has diverged relative to the stocks/commodities ratio since June and is still above pre-crash levels. This is a good indication that there is a secular bull underway in gold, probably based on growing China/Indian demand.
Here's the next to final chart. The magnificent, anomalous gold bull run suported by the moving averages out of 2001 is clearly over. The overall bull supported by that logarithmic trend line remains intact. That trend line is roughly a 12% annual price rise. This chart looks pretty bad with a confirmed down-trend in place, horizontal support being threatened and the next support being around $1030. We'll see.
Here's the final chart. A confirmation of the bottom being in would be GLD ceasing to leak out gold.
MontyHigh, www.worldofwallstreet.us


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Ever since Smash Bros. 4 revealed the new design for Zero Suit Samus, the internet has been ablaze with comments and criticisms. Some of the criticism for the new "combat heels/tactical pumps" design is well deserved, but for every (perfectly valid) complaint, there seems to be someone arguing that Nintendo is actively trying to destroy the character. This isn't something new, criticisms about Nintendo's portrayal of Samus have been pouring in since Other M.
The main problem I find is that no one can quite agree on who Samus is. Check the comments in this article. Thoughts on Samus range from "tough killing machine who isn't afraid of anything" to "blank slate with no personality." Regardless of the new design, I think there is a lot of confusion about who exactly Samus is. I hope to clear up the confusion for an in-depth look at Samus as a character through the lens of the various Metroid games.¹
She's a Badass
Let's just skip to the point that most everyone can agree on: Samus is pretty dang awesome. She's a bounty hunter who takes on monumental challenges all on her own. The scanned data in the Metroid Prime games show the Space Pirates fear her destructive abilities the same way a child fears the boogyman. In Metroid Fusion she outright states that she doesn't like taking direct orders from a high-command, and she shows that she isn't afraid to disobey orders if it is the right or practical thing to do. Pretty much every Metroid game has her fighting huge monsters like it's no big deal. It's safe to say she is one of -if not the- most powerful warriors in the galaxy.
The problem is this is not Samus's only characteristic. The problem with the idea that Samus is just a badass kicking interstellar butt is that it ignores other aspects of her character. In a way, this version of Samus is just a suit without a person inside. Yes, Samus is a hunter with unparalleled prowess, but that is not her only defining characteristic.
She Can Feel Lonely or Afraid
The term "blank-slate character" is a bit misleading. Blank-slate characters aren't actually devoid of any personality, sometimes it's just pretty well hidden.² Blank-slate characters are not only defined by backstory written in manuals, but also through the gameplay. The player is brought in as part of the character, their actions and feelings add to the character. For instance, in Half-Life we're explicitly told Gordon Freeman is a smart theoretical physicist, but through gameplay we learn he's also pretty handy with gun. In the original Dead Space, we are given that Isaac Clarke is an engineer looking for his girlfriend, but by playing the game we feel the same fear he feels when roaming the Necromorph-filled halls of the Ishimura.
The same goes for Samus. The Metroid games are known for giving the player, as Samus, a feeling of isolating and loneliness. It it such a stretch to say Samus feels the same thing as well when exploring a planet all on her own? Similarly, there are many instances where the Metroid games can become unsettling, even frightening. The best example I can give is the confrontations with the SA-X in Metroid Fusion. The player is taught to fear this indestructible and merciless version of Samus,³ meaning Samus also finds the encounters frightening and tense.
The thing about Samus is that she doesn't let that fear or loneliness get in her way. Despite facing frightening enemies and impossible odds, Samus always stays calm and moves forward. Fear is ok, loneliness is natural. These are all parts that make us, and Samus, human. But that fear doesn't make her weak; she doesn't let fear stop her from doing what needs to be done.
This was one reason fans didn't like her portrayal in Other M. At one point in the game she encounters Ridley and is immobilized by a PTSD flashback. The problem wasn't that she felt fear, it was the fact that this was the first time a confrontation with Ridley caused a total meltdown.⁴ What fans didn't like was her uncharacteristic reaction to fear, not her ability to feel fear.
She Has Relationships
Most Metroid games are spent in isolation. It's only rarely that we get a glimpse of Samus interacting with others, and even then it's when she's on the job. We know very little about Samus's personal life, or her day-to-day life when she isn't saving the galaxy. But with some of the few interactions we have seen throughout the games we can still piece together a small idea of how she relates to others.
Samus has occasionally run into some other bounty hunters while on her various missions. Metroid Prime 3 and Hunters hold the best examples of this. For the most part, these encounters seem very professional and impersonal. There are two standouts among the Hunters: Sylux and Gandrayda. Sylux's interactions with Samus mostly come from the provided backstory in Metroid Prime: Hunters. Sylux hates the Galactic Federation, and by extension Samus, though this vendetta has not been fully explained. Sylux's ship is seen following Samus during Metroid Prime 3's 100% completion ending, suggesting his feud may be a bit more personal. Gandrayda has a bit more of an interesting case. Throughout Prime 3 she acts playfully towards Samus as though they were sports rivals instead of bounty hunters. She is also the only Hunter in the game who's death Samus seems to take hard. This could mean some kind of connection Samus felt when working with her, or some kind of friendship outside of their hunting jobs.
Secondly, we have the Space Pirates, chief among them Ridley. Samus harbors a vendetta against Ridley since Ridley killed Samus's parents (and her entire colony) when she was young. Whenever Ridley present in the Prime games Samus takes notice, whereas other enemies don't register to Samus unless they are an immediate threat. Samus's loss at the hands of Ridley could also be why she constantly allies herself with the Galactic Federation and their mission to rid the galaxy of the Pirates, despite the Federation breaking her trust on more than a few occasions. However, her vengeance is not one that seems to be completely fueled by rage. During the fight with the Pirates and Ridley in any of the games, she doesn't seem to become uncontrollably angry. It seems to be Batman-like; justly obsessive, but not controlled by anger.
Finally, we have Adam Malkovich, who is one of the more controversial characters due to Other M. Adam is the only CO that Samus doesn't mind taking orders from. Some found this as Nintendo attempting to make the character subservient to a male figure. Based on the brief monologues in Metroid Fusion, I feel it's more a sign of respect instead of one of servitude. Other M also mentions that he is kind of a father figure for young Samus, which isn't a bad characteristic in itself.
The problem most fans had with Malkovich in Other M was the restriction of weapons and suit functionality. For example, there is a part in Other M where Samus must run through a lava area, constantly taking damage from the heat. It's only after taking considerable damage that Adam authorizes use of the Varia Suit, an upgrade that protects against extreme temperatures. The problem fans had with this is that while Samus may respect Adam, she isn't stupid. This unlock system contradicted Samus's previously established intelligence and character. The problem wasn't that a male figure made her look weaker -he still did- but that it was a pointless and illogical weakness for the character.
She Can Be Feminine
Players who beat the first Metroid were greeted with a wonderful surprise. That super awesome bounty hunter dude they had been playing as wasn't a dude, but a woman. It was a brilliant twist on expectations. While it was a great push forward for female representation in games, it's also one of the the things fans can't seem to get past.
Like I said, the first Metroid was brilliant because it was a play on gender-role expectations. Nobody suspected that the masculine-looking bounty-hunter who destroyed an entire Space Pirate outfit could have been a woman. But now everybody knows that Samus is a woman, so are we just going to ignore that part of her? For instance, the Power Suit's design in Other M was criticized for having wider hips that accentuated her femininity. Why? Is there something truly wrong with this design in regards to Samus's character, or is it because Samus must look like a man when in her armor? If the later, what kind of message does that send about her character? That she is only powerful when disguised as a man?
There are others who would argue that Samus's sex doesn't matter; all the matters in the game is that she is a bounty hunter who shoots things. They argue that Samus's femininity shouldn't be explored since it doesn't matter to the character at all. This just isn't true. If that was true, Samus could be retconned as a man and nothing about the character would change. I think we can agree that is not the case, but why? Not only is Samus's femininity important to the character, but it is also important to our perception of the character. Sex and gender affect how we perceive people and interactions. Imagine if, say, Batman was a woman. Imagine if James Bond was a woman. Imagine if Wario was a woman! (Please don't.) Even if nothing about these characters' personalities and actions changed, how we perceive the character would be different to how we look at the original male versions.
Samus's sex isn't her defining characteristic any more than the other items I've talked about, but it is still a part of her character. A theme of motherhood has existed since Metroid 2 and Super Metroid.⁵ And while Other M's performances ranged from flat to overly melodramatic, there isn't anything wrong with portraying Samus in a mothering role. Gamers need to realize that femininity and motherhood does not equal weakness. We've seen plenty of strong fathers in games of late, Samus seems like a shoe-in for a strong motherly figure for gaming.
So it's fine to critique the new high-heel design as impractical or just plain silly. You can argue back and forth as to whether the Zero-Suit objectifies her more than her classic wardrobe. But it's ridiculous to call her out for looking or acting feminine when that is a part of her character. So next time you feel like complaining about Samus's design having high-heels or larger breasts, think before saying something. Are you upset because the changes and representations contradict the character, or is it for some other reason?
Final Thoughts
I think that Samus is a more complicated character than most people think. While it is true that Other M and other recent depictions don't do justice to Samus as a character, fans must also be willing to allow the character to grow. She has a strong potential for great stories and greater games. Fans, and Nintendo, just need to give her a proper chance.
¹The Metroid manga has been given Director Yoshio Sakamoto and Nintendo's blessing and is considered cannon by many fans. But I'm going to use the games as the basis of my observations since it's the primary medium of the series.
²"Blank Slate" seems to be more of a blanket term for playable characters without much blatant characterization. There are varying degrees to how blank a slate is. But even games like Fallout and The Elder Scrolls, games with main characters that are almost completely formed by the player, still set guidelines for the characters. EG: the Vault Dweller, Dragonborn, the Courier.
³SA-X is all of Samus's badassitude without emotions or humanity to keep it in check. The SA-X could be seen as an argument against a Samus completely devoid of personality. SA-X literally transforms into a monster towards the end.
⁴Just to explain, Samus had canonically encountered Ridley in four other games without problems: Metroid, Super Metroid, Metroid Prime, and multiple times in Metroid Prime 3.
⁵The Baby Metroid mistake Samus as it's mother. More importantly, Samus spares the Metroid, which can be seen as her accepting the role as it's mother figure. She reprises this role when tracking down the kidnapped Metroid in Super Metroid. Samus is the "good mother" who wants to protect the child from harm, whereas Mother Brain is the "bad mother" who wishes to control and abuse the child.
Zachary Long AKA InvadingDuck is a cartoonist and graphic designer who like writing about stuff like this. He drew the pictures here too! If you want, you can follow his inane thoughts on Twitter @invadingduck . Also, the best Metroid game is Metroid Fusion. It's basically everything good about Super Metroid but with a better story, better, living atmosphere, and just a better overall flow to the game.


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Bob Dylan strides through the long lobby of the Claremont Resort hotel wearing his game face. His customary sunglasses are missing. Yet, even without that mask, it's hard to predict which Dylan will surface an hour later in concert at the Greek Theater. Poet laureate? Political rebel? Folkie? Rocker? Visionary prophet? Blasphemer? Christian? Jew?
It turns out to be a free-wheeling Bob Dylan: animated, talkative, jocular, intense, passionate. The many sides of Dylan are evident as he proves to be a genuine soul singer - not in the R&B sense, but in terms of singing with his heart and soul - and an unabashed music fan. Backed by the simpatico Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers plus four gospel-trained singers, Dylan interprets numbers by Ray Charles, Lefty Frizzell and Ricky Nelson, recasts his own classics including "Positively Fourth Street" and "Like a Rolling Stone" and sprinkles in a handful of tunes from his most recent albums.
Neil Young is backstage after the concert. So is Annie Sampson, a former singer with the Bay Area R&B band Stoneground; she wants to give her old friend Dylan a tape of her current work. A former Dylan employee and her husband also stop by to chat with the singer in his dressing room.
"This is what happens when I stick around after," Dylan says to a visiting journalist after the well-wishers have left. "So what's happening in Minneapolis?"
"People are getting excited about your show at the Metrodome with the (Grateful) Dead," the visitor says. "It'll be the first actual concert at the Dome - you've been to Twins games there. There have been concerts in association with sporting events but no full-scale concerts. And this will also be your first concert in Minnesota in nine years."
"No. Didn't I come there on the last tour (in '83)?"
"No. And not on the `religious' tour ('80). You got as close as Omaha."
"They're all religious tours," Dylan says with a sly smile. "This one's called the True Confessions Tour."
The superstar's game face is gone. He's joking and jiving. There are none of the usual fronts or masks he puts on for journalists. So the visitor tells the Hibbing-bred singer that he was recently named to the all-Hibbing basketball team by pro basketball star Kevin McHale, who also grew up in Hibbing.
"I can't play," says Dylan with a cup of Jim Beam bourbon and water in his hand. "Who's my substitute?"
(The next day, McHale says, "There is no substitute for Bob Dylan.")
Tom Petty would be the first to acknowledge that Dylan had a major influence on his singing and writing style. In fact, when Petty performs with his Heartbreakers, it sometimes sounds like Dylan fronting the Byrds.
Now Petty and the Heartbreakers are Dylan's backup band on the True Confessions Tour. The show is subtitled "Bob Dylan and Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers - Alone and Together," meaning that Dylan takes a solo turn and Petty and the Heartbreakers offer two short sets of their own hits (including "Breakdown" and "The Waiting") during a nearly three-hour performance.
Pianist Benmont Tench was the first Heartbreaker to play with Dylan, on his "Shot of Love" album in '81. Tench and Heartbreakers' guitarist Mike Campbell and bassist Howie Epstein worked on Dylan's 1985 album, "Empire Burlesque." Then Dylan, Petty and the Heartbreakers recorded the movie theme song "Band of the Hand" this spring.
Petty declined requests for an interview. "He doesn't want to talk until his new album comes out later this year," said tour publicist Parvene Michaels. But bassist Epstein was willing to talk.
"I wasn't awed or intimidated by him (Dylan)," says Epstein, who is at least 10 years younger than the 45-year-old Dylan, "but I don't know about the other guys."
Dylan and the Heartbreakers have worked up more than 70 songs for the tour. After a week's rehearsal, their first performance was a 20-minute cameo last September at the Farm Aid benefit concert in Champaign, Ill.; then they toured Australia, New Zealand and Japan together for five weeks last winter. (An HBO special of that tour is being broadcast during the next three weeks.)
"When we rehearsed for this (U.S.) tour, we did all new songs. We didn't go over the old ones," Epstein says. "He (Dylan) says, `Here's the song, here's the chords, let's do it.' There are no arrangements, we just play. I think we gelled in the rehearsals for the Australian tour."
Dealing with the Heartbreakers, Dylan has said, is like dealing with only one person. That's probably because the players have been together for so long: Epstein joined about five years ago, but the others have been playing together for about 15 years.
With Dylan, the Heartbreakers never know what song they're going to play next. They've rehearsed everything from Hank Williams and Frank Sinatra tunes to a Motown number and "Louie, Louie." The musicians simply have to pay attention and take their cue from the bandleader, who's even thrown them a song or two they've never rehearsed.
During their association of less than a year, Dylan's style has rubbed off on Petty's band. "He (Dylan) is easier to record with," says Epstein. "We're used to laboring more in the studio, but it's going faster now with us."
Rumor: Robert Allen Zimmerman adopted the stage name Bob Dylan as a tribute to poet Dylan Thomas.
Fact: "I just made up the name one night before I was going on at the Scholar (a coffeehouse near the University of Minnesota)," says Dylan, who legally changed his name in the early '60s in New York City. "Ask Dave Lee (who ran the Scholar)."
Rumor: Dylan - who last performed in Minnesota in 1978 at the St. Paul Civic Center, and before that, in 1965 at the Minneapolis Auditorium - harbors ill feelings toward Hibbing and the Twin Cities because he and his music were not accepted there when he was starting out.
Fact: "No," he says. "I've always been accepted." He laughs.
Dylan climbs into a plain van - not even tinted windows - with his teen-age son Sam (one of his six children), his acupuncturist and a few other assistants to head for his second concert at the Greek Theater. Someone hands a cassette tape to the visiting journalist. "It's my new album," says Dylan. "Don't tell anyone where you got it. Just give it back to Gary (Dylan's valet) tonight."
Dylan doesn't know when the LP will be released; that's the record company's decision, he says.
One quick listen to the not-yet-titled record suggests that Dylan is still mining the smoldering blues-rock vein of his last two albums,"Empire Burlesque" and "Infidels." The new LP features a trio of lost-love songs, including "Under Your Spell," which evokes Randy Newman. There's a bit of country-gospel and an 11-minute talking blues number, "Brownsville Girl," that's more cinematic than Dylan's earlier, long-winded story-songs. The centerpiece is "They Killed Him," a tribute to three holy men who dared - Mohandas Gandhi, Martin Luther King Jr. and Jesus; it's a stirring piece featuring a children's choir on the chorus.
Meanwhile, Dylan's van winds its way through the University of California campus. Students in front of fraternity houses wave the van to pull into a parking spot. A couple of young men approach the person in the front passenger seat to see if he wants to buy a ticket; two or three longhairs on the street hold signs that beg, "I Need a Ticket." No one seems to notice the passenger in the back seat with the familiar sunglasses and cloud of curls.
The van pulls into the Greek Theater. Unlike most places where rock concerts are held, this amphitheater offers no backstage entrance, so the van must crawl through a crowd to reach the backstage area. Dylan suggests everybody get out and walk.
The van doors open and the riders hop out. The pool of people parts like the Red Sea did for Moses.
"Hi, Bob," shouts one fan.
"Great show last night," yells another.
A young woman runs up and embraces Dylan, who cooperates reluctantly, then continues walking - down the stairs to the dressing room.
The sunglasses, blue jeans and motorcycle boots come off. Dylan slips into his leather pants, white socks and Beatle boots. His wardrobe assistant shows him how to tie the decorative laces on the seams of the pants around his boots.
"I need a scarf," he tells her. "It's going to be windy tonight, right? My head gets wet. How 'bout that red one?"
She fetches a red plaid scarf from a wardrobe trunk, and he ties it around his head and looks into a mirror. The assistant suggests a hat. They compromise by tying the scarf around the singer's neck.
But first, he needs a shirt. She proffers a white basketball undershirt. He holds it up, pronounces it "OK" and then asks for something else to wear over it. They settle on a black leather vest.
Dylan pours himself a Jim Beam and water and asks, "What time it is?"
Bob Dylan spent his first 19 years in Minnesota. He was born in Duluth, moved to Hibbing when he was 5 or 6 and later attended the University of Minnesota in Minneapolis for a year. He maintains homes in New York and California, and he gets back to Minnesota two or three times a year, he says; his mother lives in St. Paul and his brother in a Minneapolis exurb.
What does Minnesota mean to this famous native son?<>
"The trees and the lakes and the clouds," he says. "And when I was growing up, the trains."
When Dylan started recording for Columbia Records in 1962 he never figured he would have the impact and influence he has had on the intellectual and artistic fabric of his times. He says he doesn't spend much time acknowledging that significance, but ponders the subject "just in passing moments."
His 28 albums have sold more than 35 million copies and his songs have been recorded by thousands of singers, but Dylan hasn't had a hit song or a best-selling record in the 1980s. It doesn't bother him that he's no longer in the forefront of popular music.
"There is a myth in the music business that you need to be platinum and double platinum (with sales of 1 million and 2 million albums)," he says. "Neil Diamond doesn't sell (records), but how many nights did he play in the (St. Paul) Civic Center? Two? Three? (Diamond played two concerts there last December.)
"Music is a live thing," Dylan says. "On records, it's something else. For me, it's always of the moment. It always adapts to your character of the moment. That's why I can't get away from it."
On his 1980 tour Dylan shocked his fans by performing a concert of entirely new, gospel-flavored material and eschewing two decades' worth of songs that had made him famous. He says he has no problem singing songs like "Blowin' in the Wind" and "The Lonesome Death of Hattie Carroll" that he wrote more than 20 years ago.
"They're not old songs if you're still singing them," he says. "`The Star Spangled Banner' - now that's an old song. So is, uh, `Auld Lang Syne."'
Dylan's legions and social commentators have long made much ado about his religious views. Is he a born-again Christian or is he reasserting his Judaism, the religion in which he was raised? It seems he has had a strong interest in spirituality and then pursued studies from the perspectives of different religious groups.
When did his interest in spirituality start?
"Before I was born," he says. He was introduced to the Bible in grade school and he has been reading it regularly ever since.
On this occasion he is shying away, for the most part, from the long, philosophical and often cryptic answers with which he has been known to confound interviewers. He might cite a line from a Neil Young song or a quote from a James Taylor interview to illustrate his point, but mostly he is direct and straightforward.
After all these years, what motivates him?
He contemplates the question. "Not greed, I hope." He ponders for a moment. "Righteous instincts."
Dylan cuts a striking rock 'n' roll figure standing in the wings of the Greek Theater stage in black leather frock and black leather jeans. A long silver earring hangs from his left ear and fingerless black gloves cover his hands.
It's precisely 8 o'clock. A half-hour earlier the singer had announced to his entourage that tonight's show would start on time.
Petty and the Heartbreakers have assembled in the wings with Dylan. The four female backup singers (Dylan likes to introduce them as "my own Heartbreakers") are ready in the wings on the opposite side of the stage. Dylan turns to the visiting journalist and asks: "What do you think of the album?"
"I really like `They Killed Him.' I think the times are right, and people are ready for that kind of song from you."
"It's a Kris Kristofferson song I heard years ago," he says.
It's now 8:01. Dylan takes a quick sip of bourbon and water from his cup. He puts on his game face. Then he strides out to center stage to a thunderous ovation.