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Cultivating a Movement
Cultivating a Movement: An Oral History Series on Sustainable Agriculture and Organic Farming on California's Central Coast
The Oral Histories (By Narrator)
A complete alphabetical list of narrators which links to full text transcripts, audio clips, and photographs.
The Oral Histories (By Organization)
The sustainable agriculture and organic farming movement is rooted in a network of non-governmental and activist organizations, including many located on the Central Coast of California. On this site we have associated the narrators with the organization(s) they have helped to build. Includes links to full text transcripts, audio clips, and photographs.
The Oral Histories by Role (farmers, activists, researchers, etc.)
Interested in farmers' market managers, community supported agriculture, organic farming research? This portal organizes the archive of oral histories by category. Includes links to full text transcripts, audio clips, and photographs.
This documentary oral history project conducted by the Regional Oral History Project at the
University of California Santa Cruz's University Library includes fifty-eight interviews with farmers, activists, researchers, and educators. It encompasses the 1960s through the present. Here you will find transcripts of all of the interviews in full text (PDF) format, along with audio clips from the oral histories, photographs, and additional resources. We provide three navigable categories that offer different portals to this archive. The entire collection of oral histories is also fully searchable (across interviews) through the UCSC Library's Digital Collections site (ContentDM) at UCSC.
Audio Podcast:
New! Listen to the audio for a special celebration of Cultivating a Movement that took place at the UCSC Science and Engineering Library on October 14, 2010, featuring Congressman Sam Farr (one of the narrators for this project), University Librarian Ginny Steel, and Regional History's Irene Reti speaking about the oral history. Length: 55 minutes. MP3 format.
Image Slideshow:
This slideshow features selected images of narrators and farmscapes from the Cultivating a Movement project. Music: "Pastorale" composed by Jack Gates, performed and arranged by UCSC Music faculty William Coulter from "The Road Home" on Gourd Music, 2004. Complete list of captions and credits for each photograph (in order of appearance).


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This month Greenpeace ship Arctic Sunrise embarked on a month-long expedition in the icy Arctic as part of our new campaign to save the pristine region. The ship began by launching from Svalbard, Norway, 78 degrees north of the equator and brought with it musical talent Hu Haiquan from China. HK activist Fred Lam also had a strum of the guitar. Greenpeace is campaigning for a global sanctuary to be declared around the uninhabited area of the North Pole.
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subset: commoncrawl


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Modesto Inland Empire Baseball
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The 2019 Nissan Versa is offered in both sedan and hatchback body styles. Four trim levels are offered on the Versa sedan: S, S Plus, SV and SV Special Edition. All are powered by a 109-hp 1.6L 4-cylinder with continuously variable valve timing. In the S, a 5-speed manual transmission puts power to the front wheels, while a 4-speed automatic is optional. The other three trims are equipped with Nissan's Xtronic continuously variable transmission (CVT). When so equipped, the Versa sedan delivers an EPA estimate of 36 mpg on the highway.
Even the base S trim offers enough features to keep drivers and passengers comfortable. These include air conditioning, an AM/FM/CD stereo with two auxiliary audio inputs, a tachometer, power steering, trip computer, tilt steering wheel and a 6-way adjustable driver's seat. In addition to the CVT, the S Plus adds cruise control, tilt steering and a rear lip spoiler.
In the SV, buyers will find power mirrors, locks and windows, with driver's side one-touch auto up/down, upgraded trip computer, remote keyless entry and a USB port.
The top-of-the-line SV Special Edition includes 15-inch alloy wheels, fog lights, Bluetooth hands-free connectivity, a leather wrapped steering wheel, push button start, an immobilizer, and SiriusXM Satellite Radio.
Packaged options for the Versa sedan include an SV Tech Package that includes a rear-view monitor and a navigation system with NissanConnect, and an SV Appearance Package with chrome accents, fog lamps, variable intermittent wipers and 15" alloy wheels.
The Versa Note 5-door hatchback features a unique exterior design beyond its configuration, including a distinctive grille and headlight treatment, as well as creased and sculpted sheet metal along the sides. Based upon Nissan's international-selling Note, the Versa Note is optioned much like its sedan counterpart and powered by the same 109-hp 1.6L four. A 5-speed manual is standard on the S, while the Xtronic CVT is standard on the rest of the range. Like the sedan the Versa Note comes in S, SL and SV trim. It features 115.5 cubic feet of interior volume, with best-in-class cargo space of 21.4 cubic feet. An available Divide-N-Hide Adjustable Floor provides enhanced interior utility, and the standard 60/40 split-fold rear seat makes carrying larger objects a snap.
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When the subject of client retention arises it usually creates a great deal of interest among advisors. In my view, there are two areas which are most important to sustain a business. The first is creating a steady stream of prospective clients. The second is to retain existing clients. It is this second area on which we will focus today.
Why Do Clients Leave Their Advisor?
This has been the subject of much discussion and multiple surveys. The most-cited reasons in surveys often include lack of contact, incompetence, poor investment performance, etc. Although I lack the empirical data to support my theory, I am wholly convinced that in the absence of an illegal or unethical act on the part of the advisor, the primary reason a client leaves is because the advisor failed to meet the client's expectations.
From the client's point of view, the truth is whatever the client believes it to be. This is where we derive the maxim, "The customer is always right." While this is not always true, if the client expects something and the advisor fails to deliver, even the most patient client will depart. Therefore, it is not only important, it is vital, that the advisor and the client are in complete and full agreement about expectations. This is not to say that lack of contact is unimportant. However, a lack of contact is really nothing more than an unmet expectation. I believe it all boils down to properly establishing and consistently meeting the expectations of those we are so privileged to serve.
Let's assume you have a client who is unsatisfied with his portfolio's return. Is his concern valid? Is his expectation realistic? First, a client's concern is always valid even if it isn't always realistic. If not, then it's the advisor's responsibility to educate the client.
For example, let's say the client's account is negative at some point after it was established, purely due to performance (i.e., not due to withdrawals). There are two primary considerations. First, how did the financial markets perform during this period? Second, how is the portfolio allocated and how much risk does it contain? In essence, a portfolio with greater risk will require a longer period of time before its final value should be judged. A client may expect his account to increase every month, even though history belies this opinion. It is up to the advisor to explain why this is not a realistic expectation.
There is much more that can be said on this topic, however, here's the bottom line. To help retain existing clients make sure you understand precisely what they expect on as many issues as possible. This includes their preferred method and frequency of communication, portfolio performance and potential for loss, appropriate amount of time to allow the portfolio to meet their performance expectations, and any other issues which [the client] may deem relevant. Finally, if you're working with a married couple, remember there are two individuals. Therefore, you may need to gently prod the more reserved spouse to uncover his or her expectations.
Thanks for reading and have a great week!


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Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Medical, Financial, Acronyms, Idioms, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia.
A parcel of land that is surrounded by a boundary of some kind, such as a hedge or a fence. To culminate, complete, finish, or bring to an end. To seal up. To restrict to a certain class. A narrow margin, as in a close election.
A person can close a bank account; a trial may be closed after each lawyer has concluded his or her presentation in the case at bar.
close(Intimate), adjective allied, bosom, brotherly, confidential, dear, devoted, faithful, familiar, fast, fraternal, friendly, inseparable, strongly attached
Associated concepts: close corporation, closely held
close(Near), adjective adjacent, adjoining, approximate, at hand, bordering, close at hand, close by, coming, contiguous, forthcoming, handy, imminent, in close proximity, in the area, in the neighborrood, in the vicinity, near at hand, nearby, neighboring, nigh, propinquus, proximal, proximate, tangent, touching, vicinal
Associated concepts: close confinement, close proximity
close(Rigorous), adjective assiduous, attentive, conscientious, diligent, earnest, exact, hard, harsh, keen, meticulous, parcus, precise, punctilious, rigid, scrupulous, severe, sharp, stiff, strict, stringent, tenax, uncompromising, unremitting, unsparing
close(Conclusion), noun adjournment, cessation, closing, closure, completion, conclusio, consummation, discontinuance, discontinuation, end, ending, expiration, finis, finish, last part, last stage, omega, peroration, shutdown, stoppage, termination, terminus, windup
Associated concepts: the close of a trial, the closing on a real estate transaction
close(Enclosed area), noun compound, confine, court, courtyard, enclosure, grounds, pen, precinct, square, yard
Associated concepts: breaking the close
close(Agree), verb accept an offer, arrive at an agreeeent, bargain, come to an arrangement, come to an unnerstanding, come to terms, consent, endorse, enter into a contractual obligation, establish by agreement, execute, finalize an agreement, fix by agreement, give assurrnce, go to contract, guarantee, make a bargain, make an agreement, negotiate, pacisci, seek accord, settle, strike a bargain, subscribe, undertake, underwrite
Associated concepts: close a business transaction, close a real estate transaction
close(Terminate), verb apply the closure, break off, bring to an end, call a halt, cause a stoppage, cease, come to a stop, come to an end, complete, conclude, consummate, discontinue, dispatch, dispose of, eliminate, end, expire, finish, finish up, fulfill, halt, have run its course, interrupt, make an end of, make inactive, operire, proseeute to a conclusion, put a stop to, run out, shut down, stop, surcease, suspend, suspend operation, wind up
Associated concepts: close a bank account, close a case, close a grand jury investigation, close an investigation
See also: abandon, approximate, block, brief, cease, cessation, clog, cognate, coherent, cohesive, compact, comparable, complete, conclude, conclusion, constrict, contestable, contiguous, culminate, death, defeasance, denouement, discontinue, dispatch, dissolution, end, exact, expiration, expire, extremity, faithful, finality, finish, future, grapple, halt, hidden, illiberal, immediate, imminent, inarticulate, indivisible, inhibit, inseparable, instant, intense, intimate, literal, local, lock, moratorium, noncommittal, obturate, occlude, outcome, pendent, pending, penurious, populous, precise, present, proximate, secret, shut, similar, solid, stop, strict, taciturn, terminate, termination
CLOSE. Signifies the interest in the soil, and not merely a close or
enclosure in the common acceptation of the term. Doct. & Stud. 307 East, 207
2 Stra. 1004; 6 East, 1541 Burr. 133 1 Ch. R. 160.
2. In every case where one man has a right to exclude another from his land, the law encircles it, if not already enclosed, with an imaginary fence; and entitles him to a compensation in damages for the injury he sustains by the act of another passing through his boundary, denominating the injurious act a breach of the enclosure. Hamm. N. P. 151; Doct. & Stud. dial. 1, c. 8, p. 30; 2 Whart. 430.
3. An ejectment will not lie for a close. 11 Rep. 55; 1 Rolle's R. 55 Salk. 254 Cro. Eliz. 235; Adams on Eject. 24.


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As I was researching yesterday's post (and by researching, I mean creepy stalking top Holy Pally parsers on World of Logs), I noticed that every one of them was using a healing technique I hadn't tried:
Holy Avenger on CD, Holy Power built through Holy Radiance and Holy Shock and sunk via Eternal Flame blanketing over as much of the raid as possible.
I checked both 10s and 25s, under the Heroics tab. Both used this trick, though 25s players seemed more likely to blow Divine Favor and Avenging Wrath at the same time as Holy Avenger (time for a macro?) while 10s generally staggered their CDs out more.
So it seems I'm well behind the times (that's what happens when WoW takes the backseat for months), but I'm sure I'M NOT THE ONLY ONE.
Plus before and after screenshots are always tons of fun.
The Changes
On top of using the Holy Avenger trick, I also started tracking Illuminated Healing (Mastery). I doubt it made a significant difference but it did lightly influence where I would cast my Holy Radiance/Holy Shock/Eternal Flame.
Our healing comp was a bit different than last week too. Last week my Copally was away, and this week we were missing our Monk and Druid S. This would have an effect on how each of us heal in comparison to one and other, but I really don't think it would account for a drastic change. After all, we rarely use the same healing comp on a given fight from week to week anyway.
In terms of gear, if you look at the past few weeks, my gear will have improved, but between this week and last, the only differences were how I found two pieces that made me to think "I could have sworn I'd reforged these!", and my weekly VP gear upgrading. So, some influence on my stats, but less than a clear change.
Notes on Throughput and Functionality
This is obviously a post on throughput. Throughput has its place. After all, if healers can't keep up with the damage or with their teammates, they're holding the raid back. Plus, guild and healing leads from all brackets (yes, I've seen leads from guilds who can't kill normal Horridon obsess over healing meters) don't see past meters and HPS. So meter milking is a good skill to have if you want some peace and quiet.
However, throughput is not a replacement for functionality.
A healer's first priority is to keep the raid (or healing assignment, depending on the team and the fight) alive through every mechanic. Standing still and spamming heals isn't a luxury most of us have access to. (And even if it were, it doesn't sound very fun, you know?)
My poor copally, who ended up, without his knowledge (if this were real science, this experiment would never make it past the ethics committee) being a control subject, is by far a better healer than I am. I spend more energy looking up techniques, but he makes less mistakes than me, and doesn't panic and freeze up the way I do. When it comes to choosing a paladin for exploratory fights, he is the obvious choice.
Once your priorities are covered, though, there's nothing wrong with taking your art to the next level and squeezing extra out of your character.
I wouldn't necessarily recommend Holy Avenger to a freshly-pressed, new paladin. I'd like to see a new paladin healer master Beacon healing, Holy Power cycling and cooldown management before adding yet another CD. Once those are down, then by all means.
For your amusement, here is a list of my screw ups last night as I tried to fit the new technique into my routine:
1- On H-Jin'Rokh, dropped a fissure in the middle of raid.
2- On H-Horridon, almost got eaten by my pink dino (have really no idea how I survived that)
3- On H-Council, drowned in Quicksand
4- On H-Iron Council, got 3 stacks of flame lines, had to bubble, then had no bubble left to mask my inability to handle tornadoes. Also missed my pre-tornado Aura Mastery.
While on the average raid night, I earn no shortage of "that's not good" and "Rykga, Rykga, Rykga", the above aren't mistakes I typically make (except for pre-tornado Aura Mastery. I always screw that one up.)
But enough chitchat. Here are the preliminary results of my healing with Holy Avenger experiement. (Also keep in mind that I was very clumsy with the technique. Imagine what this would look like if my CD timing were perfected!)


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Olivia Wilde has really goodlooking friends
First it was an aquarium date with Ryan Gosling. Click here for a refresher. Then she and Justin Timberlake were supposedly hooking up at a club. Click here if you missed that. She subsequently denied it. Now…
Jake Gyllenhaal?
It's all very circumstantial. But again, it's proof that you can conjure this sh-t. Click here to see what I wrote on April 7th. I'm telling you, it's becoming too obvious.
Anyway, on April 29th both Olivia and Jakey were in New Orleans at the Jazz Festival for the Mumford & Sons show. Here's a photo of Jakey with Winston Marshall. Then a few days later, Olivia was bowling in Brooklyn with a group of friends. Jakey happened to be there too. Am told from a source that they were "chatting for a bit, Jake made her laugh with funny faces, and she seemed really happy". There was no suggestion that they broke off with the group after leaving.
Like I said, she's been hanging out with some hot friends. Makes sense, I guess. If you marry at 18 and find yourself single at 8 years later.
Also attached – Olivia looking amazing at the Tribeca Film Festival portrait studio at couple of weeks ago. I still don't understand how she gets to be in every single movie.
Thanks Jackie!
Photos from Larry Busacca/Erika Goldring/Gettyimages.com


text: Welcome to The Greater Lansing Association of REALTORS® Web Site. If you are looking for a house, condo, land, commercial, or another form of Real Estate, our Association of Certified Michigan REALTORS®, Lenders, Inspectors and Appraisers will provide all the resources you need to invest in Mid Michigan Real Estate. Why search our website? Simple--every property that's a part of the MLS (Multiple Listing Service) in the Greater Lansing Area is on our site--regardless of the Listing Agent or Company. You can search EVERY Real Estate property in the Mid Michigan area in a single website!


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Related Information
- What is Osteonecrosis? (fast facts, easy-to-read)
- ¿Qué es la osteonecrosis? (Esenciales: hojas informativas de fácil lectura)
- Order a NIAMS Publication to be mailed
Health Information
January 2013
Questions and Answers about Osteonecrosis (Avascular Necrosis)
This booklet contains general information about ostenecrosis (avascular necrosis). It describes what osteonecrosis is, who is likely to develop it, and how it is diagnosed. It also explains the symptoms and treatments. At the end is a list of key words to help you understand the terms used in this booklet. If you have further questions after reading this booklet, you may wish to discuss them with your doctor.
What Is Osteonecrosis?
Osteonecrosis is a disease resulting from the temporary or permanent loss of blood supply to the bones. Without blood, the bone tissue dies, and ultimately the bone may collapse. If the process involves the bones near a joint, it often leads to collapse of the joint surface. Osteonecrosis is also known as avascular necrosis, aseptic necrosis, and ischemic necrosis.
Although it can happen in any bone, osteonecrosis most commonly affects the ends (epiphysis) of the femur, the bone extending from the knee joint to the hip joint. Other common sites include the upper arm bone, knees, shoulders, and ankles. The disease may affect just one bone, more than one bone at the same time, or more than one bone at different times. Osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) is a rare condition that has been linked to the use of biphosphonate medications. ONJ has different causes and treatments than osteonecrosis found in other parts of the skeleton. For more information on ONJ, contact the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research.
The amount of disability that results from osteonecrosis depends on what part of the bone is affected, how large an area is involved, and how effectively the bone rebuilds itself. Normally, bone continuously breaks down and rebuilds—old bone is replaced with new bone. This process, which takes place after an injury as well as during normal growth, keeps the skeleton strong and helps it to maintain a balance of minerals. In the course of osteonecrosis, however, the healing process is usually ineffective and the bone tissues break down faster than the body can repair them. If left untreated, the disease progresses, the bone collapses, and the joint surface breaks down, leading to pain and arthritis.
- What Causes Osteonecrosis?
- Who Is Likely to Develop Osteonecrosis?
- What Are the Symptoms?
- How Is Osteonecrosis Diagnosed?
- What Treatments Are Available?
- What Research Is Being Conducted on Osteonecrosis?
- Where Can People Find More Information About Osteonecrosis?
- Key Words
What Causes Osteonecrosis?
Osteonecrosis is caused by impaired blood supply to the bone, but it is not always clear what causes that impairment. Osteonecrosis often occurs in people with certain medical conditions or risk factors (such as high-dose corticosteroid use or excessive alcohol intake). However, it also affects people with no health problems and for no known reason. Following are some potential causes of osteonecrosis and other health conditions associated with its development.
Steroid Medications
Aside from injury, one of the most common causes of osteonecrosis is the use of corticosteroid medications such as prednisone. Corticosteroids are commonly used to treat inflammatory diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, severe asthma, and vasculitis. Studies suggest that long-term use of oral or intravenous corticosteroids is associated with nontraumatic osteonecrosis. Patients should discuss concerns about steroid use with their doctor.
Doctors are not sure exactly why the use of corticosteroids sometimes leads to osteonecrosis. They speculate that the drugs may interfere with the body's ability to break down fatty substances called lipids. These substances then build up in and clog the blood vessels, causing them to narrow and to reduce the amount of blood that gets to the bone. Some studies suggest that corticosteroid-related osteonecrosis is more severe and more likely to affect both hips (when occurring in the hip) than osteonecrosis resulting from other causes.
Alcohol Use
Excessive alcohol use is another common cause of osteonecrosis. People who drink alcohol in excess can develop fatty substances that may block blood vessels, causing a decreased blood supply to the bones.
When a fracture, a dislocation, or some other joint injury occurs, the blood vessels may be damaged. This can interfere with the blood circulation to the bone and lead to trauma-related osteonecrosis. In fact, studies suggest that hip dislocation and hip fractures are major risk factors for osteonecrosis.
Increased pressure within the bone may be another cause of osteonecrosis. When there is too much pressure within the bone, the blood vessels narrow, making it hard for them to deliver enough blood to the bone cells. The cause of increased pressure is not fully understood.
Other Risk Factors
Other risk factors for osteonecrosis include radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and organ transplantation (particularly kidney transplantation). Osteonecrosis is also associated with a number of medical conditions, including cancer, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), blood disorders such as sickle cell disease, HIV infection, Gaucher's disease, Caisson disease, gout, vasculitis, osteoarthritis, and osteoporosis.
Who Is Likely to Develop Osteonecrosis?
Although osteonecrosis affects both men and women, it mainly affects men. However, in cases related to SLE, the disease mostly affects women. It can occur in people of any age, from children to the elderly. However, it is more common in people in their thirties, forties, and fifties.
What Are the Symptoms?
In the early stages of osteonecrosis, people may not have any symptoms. As the disease progresses, however, most experience joint pain. At first, the pain occurs only when putting weight on the affected joint. Later, it occurs even when resting. Pain usually develops gradually, and may be mild or severe. If osteonecrosis progresses and the bone and surrounding joint surface collapse, pain may develop or increase dramatically. Pain may be severe enough to limit range of motion in the affected joint. In some cases, particularly those involving the hip, disabling osteoarthritis may develop. The period between the first symptoms and loss of joint function is different for each person, but it typically ranges from several months to more than a year.
How Is Osteonecrosis Diagnosed?
After performing a complete physical examination and asking about the patient's medical history, the doctor may use one or more bone imaging techniques to diagnose osteonecrosis. As with many other diseases, early diagnosis increases the chances of treatment success. The tests described below may be used to determine the amount of bone affected and how far the disease has progressed.
X Ray
A radiograph, or x ray, may be the first test the doctor recommends. A simple way to produce pictures of bones, an x ray is often useful in diagnosing the cause of joint pain. For osteonecrosis, however, x rays are not sensitive enough to detect bone changes in the early stages of the disease. So if the x ray is normal, the doctor may order more tests. In later stages of osteonecrosis, x rays may show bone damage, and once the diagnosis is made, they are often used to monitor disease progression.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Research studies have shown that magnetic resonance imaging, or MRI, is the most sensitive method for diagnosing osteonecrosis in the early stages. Unlike x rays, bone scans, and CT (computed/computerized tomography) scans (see below), MRI detects chemical changes in the bone marrow. MRI provides the doctor with a picture of the affected area and the bone-rebuilding process. In addition, MRI may show diseased areas that are not yet causing any symptoms. Some doctors caution against aggressive treatment of osteonecrosis that has been detected by MRI but is not causing symptoms. One study has shown evidence that for a select group of patients in the early stages of osteonecrosis, the disease may improve spontaneously.
Computed/Computerized Tomography (CT scan)
A CT scan is an imaging technique that provides the doctor with a three-dimensional picture of the bone. It also shows "slices" of the bone, making the picture much clearer than x rays and bone scans. Some doctors disagree about the usefulness of this test to diagnose osteonecrosis. Although a diagnosis usually can be made without a CT scan, the technique may be useful in determining the extent of bone damage. CT scans are less sensitive than MRIs.
Bone Scan
A bone scan is used most commonly in patients who have normal x rays and no risk factors for osteonecrosis. In this test, a harmless radioactive material is injected through an intravenous line, and a picture of the bone is taken with a special camera. The picture shows how the injected material travels through blood vessels in bone. A single bone scan finds all areas in the body that are affected, thus reducing the need to expose the patient to more radiation.
A biopsy is a surgical procedure in which a tissue sample from the affected bone is removed and studied. Although a biopsy is a conclusive way to diagnose osteonecrosis, it is rarely used because it requires surgery.
Functional Evaluation of Bone
Tests to measure the pressure inside a bone may be used when the doctor strongly suspects that a patient has osteonecrosis, despite normal results of x rays, bone scans, and MRIs. These tests are very sensitive for detecting increased pressure within the bone, but they require surgery.
What Treatments Are Available?
Appropriate treatment for osteonecrosis is necessary to keep joints from breaking down. Without treatment, most people with the disease will experience severe pain and limitation in movement. To determine the most appropriate treatment, the doctor considers the following:
- the age of the patient
- the stage of the disease (early or late)
- the location and whether bone is affected over a small or large area
- the underlying cause of osteonecrosis; with an ongoing cause such as corticosteroid or alcohol use, treatment may not work unless use of the substance is stopped.
The goal in treating osteonecrosis is to improve the patient's use of the affected joint, stop further damage to the bone, and ensure bone and joint survival. To reach these goals, the doctor may use one or more of the following surgical or nonsurgical treatments.
Nonsurgical Treatments
Usually, doctors will begin with nonsurgical treatments, alone or in combination. Unfortunately, although these treatments may relieve pain or help in the short term, for most people they don't bring lasting improvement.
- Medications. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are often prescribed to reduce pain.1 People with clotting disorders may be given blood thinners to reduce clots that block the blood supply to the bone. Cholesterol-lowering medications may be used to reduce fatty substances (lipids) that increase with corticosteroid treatment (a major risk factor for osteonecrosis).
- Reduced weight bearing. If osteonecrosis is diagnosed early, the doctor may begin treatment by having the patient remove weight from the affected joint. The doctor may recommend limiting activities or using crutches. In some cases, reduced weight bearing can slow the damage caused by osteonecrosis and permit natural healing. When combined with pain medication, reduced weight bearing can be an effective way to avoid or delay surgery for some patients.
- Range-of-motion exercises. An exercise program involving the affected joints may help keep them mobile and increase their range of motion.
- Electrical stimulation. This treatment has been used in several centers to induce bone growth, and in some studies has been helpful when used before femoral head collapse.
1Warning: NSAIDs can cause stomach irritation or, less often, they can affect kidney function. The longer a person uses NSAIDs, the more likely he or she is to have side effects, ranging from mild to serious. Many other drugs cannot be taken when a patient is being treated with NSAIDs because NSAIDs alter the way the body uses or eliminates these other drugs. Check with your health care provider or pharmacist before you take NSAIDs. Also, NSAIDs sometimes are associated with serious gastrointestinal problems, including ulcers, bleeding, and perforation of the stomach or intestine. People age 65 and older, as well as those with any history of ulcers or gastrointestinal bleeding, should use NSAIDs with caution.
Surgical Treatment
A number of different surgical procedures are used to treat osteonecrosis. Most people with osteonecrosis will eventually need surgery.
- Core decompression. This surgical procedure removes the inner cylinder of bone, which reduces pressure within the bone, increases blood flow to the bone, and allows more blood vessels to form. Core decompression works best in people who are in the earliest stages of osteonecrosis, often before the collapse of the joint. This procedure sometimes reduces pain and slows the progression of bone and joint destruction.
- Osteotomy. This treatment involves reshaping the bone to reduce stress on the affected area. Recovery can be a lengthy process, requiring several months of very limited activities. This procedure is most effective for patients with early-stage osteonecrosis and those with a small area of affected bone.
- Bone graft. This is the transplantation of healthy bone from another part of the body. It is often used to support a joint after core decompression. In many cases, the surgeon will use what is called a vascular graft, which includes an artery and vein, to increase the blood supply to the affected area. Recovery from a bone graft can take several months.
- Arthroplasty/total joint replacement. Total joint replacement is the treatment of choice in late-stage osteonecrosis and when the joint is destroyed. In this surgery, the diseased joint is replaced with artificial parts. Total joint replacement, or sometimes femoral head resurfacing, is often recommended for people for whom other efforts to preserve the joint have failed. Various types of replacements are available, and people should discuss specific needs with their doctor.
For most people with osteonecrosis, treatment is an ongoing process. Depending upon the stage of the disease, doctors may first recommend the least complex or nonoperative treatment plans, such as medication or reduced weight bearing. If these modalities are unsuccessful, surgical treatments may be needed. It is important that patients carefully follow instructions about activity limitations and work closely with their doctors to ensure that appropriate treatments are used.
What Research Is Being Conducted on Osteonecrosis?
With proper treatment, most people with osteonecrosis can lead productive lives. But there is still a lot to learn about prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Some goals of current research are to:
- Identify risk factors. For example, determine if genetic clotting disorders are risk factors for developing osteonecrosis in at-risk populations.
- Better understand the body's reaction to steroids and why taking steroids increases a person's risk of developing osteonecrosis.
- Identify and/or develop new ways to diagnose osteonecrosis in its earliest stages, when nonsurgical treatment is most likely to help.
- Develop new treatments and improve available treatments for osteonecrosis.
- Identify tissue engineering strategies that promote bone regeneration.
- Study key mechanical factors, such as the alignment of the hips, knees, and ankles, that influence treatment outcomes.
- Improve hip replacement techniques and materials so that younger patients will not need more than one hip replacement in their lifetime.
More information on research is available from the following websites:
- NIH Clinical Research Trials and You helps people learn more about clinical trials, why they matter, and how to participate. Visitors to the website will find information about the basics of participating in a clinical trial, first-hand stories from actual clinical trial volunteers, explanations from researchers, and links to how to search for a trial or enroll in a research-matching program.
- ClinicalTrials.gov offers up-to-date information for locating federally and privately supported clinical trials for a wide range of diseases and conditions.
- NIH RePORTER is an electronic tool that allows users to search a repository of both intramural and extramural NIH-funded research projects from the past 25 years and access publications (since 1985) and patents resulting from NIH funding.
- PubMed is a free service of the U.S. National Library of Medicine that lets you search millions of journal citations and abstracts in the fields of medicine, nursing, dentistry, veterinary medicine, the health care system, and preclinical sciences.
Where Can People Find More Information About Osteonecrosis?
National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS)
Information Clearinghouse
National Institutes of Health
1 AMS Circle
Bethesda, MD 20892-3675
Phone: 301-495-4484
Toll Free: 877-22-NIAMS (877-226-4267)
Fax: 301-718-6366
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Website: http://www.niams.nih.gov
NIH Osteoporosis and Related Bone Diseases ~ National Resource Center
2 AMS Circle
Bethesda, MD 20892-3676
Phone: 202-223-0344
Toll Free: 800-624-BONE (2663)
Fax: 202-293-2356
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Website: http://www.bones.nih.gov
Other Resources
National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR)
National Institutes of Health
Website: http://www.nidcr.nih.gov
American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS)
Website: http://www.aaos.org
National Osteonecrosis Foundation
Website: http://www.nonf.org
Arthritis Foundation
Website: http://www.arthritis.org
The Hip Society
Website: http://www.hipsoc.org
For additional contact information, visit the NIAMS website or call the NIAMS Information Clearinghouse.
Key Words
Arthritis. Literally means joint inflammation. It is a general term for more than 100 of the rheumatic diseases. Arthritis causes joint swelling, pain, and stiffness.
Arthroplasty. Another name for total joint replacement. A procedure in which a damaged joint is surgically removed and replaced with an artificial prosthesis. It is the treatment of choice for osteonecrosis when the joint is destroyed.
Asceptic necrosis. See osteonecrosis.
Autoimmune disease. A disease that results when the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues.
Avascular necrosis. See osteonecrosis.
Biopsy. A procedure in which tissue is removed from the body and studied under a microscope. A bone biopsy is a conclusive way to diagnose osteonecrosis.
Blood vessels. Arteries, veins, and capillaries that carry blood through the body.
Bone graft. The transplantation of healthy bone from one part of the body to replace injured or diseased bone in another part of the body.
Bone morphogenic protein. A protein extracted from the body and synthesized through genetic engineering. Research suggests it may be used to promote growth of bone damaged by osteonecrosis.
Bone scan. A type of test called technetium-99m bone scanning is used most commonly in patients who have normal x rays and no risk factors for osteonecrosis. In this test, a harmless radioactive material is injected through an intravenous line, and a picture of the bone is taken with a special camera. The picture shows how the injected material travels through blood vessels in bone. A single bone scan finds all areas in the body that are affected, thus reducing the need to expose the patient to more radiation.
Caisson disease. A syndrome that occurs when deep-sea divers, construction workers, or others working in a pressurized environment return to normal atmospheric pressure. Nitrogen in the bloodstream expands to form bubbles, causing pain and blocking circulation in the small blood vessels. The condition can potentially lead to osteonecrosis.
Cancer. A term for diseases in which abnormal cells divide without control. Cancer cells can invade nearby tissues and can spread through the bloodstream and lymphatic system to other parts of the body.
Cholesterol. Fat-like material present in the blood and most tissues. High levels of cholesterol can be a risk factor in the development of osteonecrosis as well as cardiovascular disease.
Computed (or computerized) tomography (CT) scan. An imaging technique that provides the doctor with a three-dimensional picture of the bone. It also shows "slices" of the bone, making the picture much clearer than x rays and bone scans.
Core decompression. A surgical procedure in which the inner layer of the bone is removed to reduce pressure within the bone, thereby increasing blood flow to the bone. In people with early osteonecrosis, the procedure may reduce pain and slow the progression of bone and joint destruction.
Corticosteroids. Powerful anti-inflammatory hormones made naturally in the body or manmade for use as medicine. Using corticosteroid medications is a risk factor for developing osteonecrosis.
Electrical stimulation. A procedure in which electromagnetic fields are set up around the bones or electricity is applied directly to the bones to induce bone growth. In some centers it has been helpful in treating patients with osteonecrosis before the collapse of the femoral head.
Epiphysis. The end of a bone where it meets another bone or bones to form a joint.
Femoral head. The round bony protrusion at the end of the thigh bone that fits into the acetabulum (socket) of the pelvis to form the hip joint. The femoral head often collapses in advanced osteonecrosis.
Femur. The upper leg, or thigh, bone. The end of the femur, where it meets the pelvis, is the most common site of osteonecrosis.
Gaucher's disease. A congenital disease in which there is accumulation of fatty compounds in the liver, spleen, lymph nodes, and nervous system. Having the disease has been associated with the development of osteonecrosis.
Gout. A type of arthritis caused by the reaction of the body to needle-like crystals of uric acid that accumulate in joint spaces. This reaction causes joint inflammation, swelling, and pain in the affected joint, most commonly the big toe.
HIV (human immunodeficiency virus). The virus that causes AIDS.
Immune system. A complex network of specialized cells and organs that work together to defend the body against attacks by "foreign" invaders such as bacteria and viruses. In some rheumatic conditions, it appears that the immune system does not function properly and may even work against the body.
Inflammation. A reaction of tissues to injury or disease, marked by four signs: swelling, redness, heat, and pain.
Ischemic necrosis. See osteonecrosis.
Lupus. Systemic lupus erythematosus (also known as lupus or SLE) is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system harms the body's own healthy cells and tissues. This can result in inflammation of and damage to the joints, skin, kidneys, heart, lungs, blood vessels, and brain.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A procedure in which a strong magnet is used to pass a force through the body to create a clear, detailed image of a cross-section of the body. MRI detects chemical changes in the bone marrow and can show osteonecrosis in its earliest stages, often before it causes any symptoms.
Meniscus. A crescent-shaped wedge of cartilage in the knee joint. Tears of the meniscus have been associated with the development of both osteonecrosis and osteoarthritis in the knee.
Orthopaedist. A doctor who specializes in diseases of and traumatic injuries to the bones and musculoskeletal system. Also called orthopaedic surgeon.
Osteoarthritis. A disease in which the cartilage that cushions the ends of the bones breaks down, leading to joint pain and stiffness. The most common form of arthritis, osteoarthritis grows more common with age.
Osteonecrosis. A disease in which a temporary or permanent loss of the blood supply to the bones causes bone tissue to die and the bone to collapse. Also known as avascular necrosis, aseptic necrosis, and ischemic necrosis.
Osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ). A rare condition that has been linked to the use of biphosphonate medications. ONJ has different causes and treatments than osteonecrosis found in other parts of the skeleton.
Osteoporosis. A disease in which the bone loses density and becomes so porous that it can break as a result of even minor trauma.
Osteotomy. A surgical procedure that involves reshaping the bone to reduce stress on a diseased or damaged area of a joint. It is often used for patients with advanced osteonecrosis and those with a large area of affected bone.
Range-of-motion exercises. A program of exercises involving joints affected by arthritis. These exercises may help keep the joint mobile and increase range of motion.
Sickle cell disease. A hereditary blood disease characterized by the production of an abnormal type of hemoglobin in the red blood cells. Having the disease increases one's risk of osteonecrosis.
Vasculitis. A disease in which there is inflammation of the blood vessels. Having vasculitis may increase one's risk of osteonecrosis.
The NIAMS gratefully acknowledges the assistance of the following individuals in the preparation and review of the original version of this booklet: Thomas D. Brown, Ph.D., University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA; Harry E. Rubash, M.D., Asit Shah, M.D., and Jeffrey Geller, M.D., Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA; and James Panagis, M.D., M.P.H., NIAMS/NIH.
The mission of the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), a part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services' National Institutes of Health (NIH), is to support research into the causes, treatment, and prevention of arthritis and musculoskeletal and skin diseases; the training of basic and clinical scientists to carry out this research; and the dissemination of information on research progress in these diseases. The NIAMS Information Clearinghouse is a public service sponsored by the NIAMS that provides health information and information sources. Additional information can be found on the NIAMS website at www.niams.nih.gov.
For Your Information
This publication contains information about medications used to treat the health condition discussed here. When this publication was developed, we included the most up-to-date (accurate) information available. Occasionally, new information on medication is released.
For updates and for any questions about any medications you are taking, please contact
U.S. Food and Drug Administration
Toll Free: 888–INFO–FDA (888–463–6332)
Website: http://www.fda.gov
For updates and questions about statistics, please contact
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Center for Health Statistics
Website: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs
This publication is not copyrighted. Readers are encouraged to duplicate and distribute as many copies as needed.
Additional copies of this publication are available from:
National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS)
Information Clearinghouse
National Institutes of Health
1 AMS Circle
Bethesda, MD 20892-3675
Phone: 301-495-4484
Toll Free: 877-22-NIAMS (877-226-4267)
Fax: 301-718-6366
Email: email@example.com
Website: http://www.niams.nih.gov
NIH Publication No. 09–4857


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If you're looking for a truly cinematic experience on the go, then take a look at Uncharted: Golden Abyss for the Playstation Vita. This game brings you on an all-new adventure with Nathan Drake that you can carry in the palm of your hand. The original voice actors are back with the same gorgeous visuals that you've experienced on the Playstation 3 but this time around, you get to interact in an all-new way. The uniquely acrobatic gameplay of Uncharted makes it the perfect companion to the the Playstation Vita Controls. The PS Vita's internal gyroscope requires you to use the motion sensing controls of the console to balance Drake as he crosses slippery logs. You also use this sensor for aiming your shots. When you come across in-game relics, you rub the screen to take imprints, and you touch the screen for lots of the important swinging and jumping action throughout the game. Tapping the screen can be used as a fast way to switch between weapons when you are in combat also. Although this is an all-new adventure where you aim to uncover the dark secret behind the 400-year-old massacre of a Spanish expedition, the puzzle orientated and acrobatic gameplay that you know and love from previous Uncharted games remains, with a fresh feel on new controls. What better way to pass the time on a commute than jumping across rivers, exploring ruins and hunting down treasure? While experiencing this cinematic adventure, you can be just about anywhere with your portable PS Vita. Grab a copy of Uncharted: Golden Abyss for PS Vita at the cheapest price here.
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Last updated: Sunday, April 5, 2020


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GMD Family Friendly Dinner
Remember, I'm the childless shrew. The bitch whose womb has been frozen by Nicole Kidman's plastic surgeon. In other words, I concede, I'm not the authority on family dinners and meals with the kids.
But please… before you yummy mummies get all sanctimonious on my Chinese ass, think about dinner at Nobu. It's an expensive restaurant. For non-celebrities like us, it might even be an occasion restaurant. Somewhere you might go when your mother-in-law can come over on Friday night, give you and baby father a night out.
Suffice to say… Nobu is NOT Appleby's?
And suffice to say, Tom Cruise and Katie Holmes and Ben Stiller can all afford nannies?
They can afford a hundred nannies!
But here they are, on Friday night, the first weekend of Tropic Thunder, all gathering at Nobu with their toddlers in tow.
Why would you take children to Nobu if you had the choice? The fussing, the screaming, the fidgeting…or the potential of the fussing and the screaming and the fidgeting. And the need, inevitably, for an adult to distract one of the tykes with a walkabout half way through the entrée, coming back only when the food is cold… I've been to enough weddings to know, it's not exactly an uncommon occurrence.
And look at Little Sci. Little Sci is TIRED! Over and over I hear from my reproducing friends about this concept of being "over tired". I've seen their children when "over tired" takes over. Over tired is some scary sh*t. And with her personality, Little Sci's overtiredness is probably epic.
All this for a photo opp?
I'm not a parent. Maybe it's just me.
PS. LOVE the way the GMD's pants are hiked up to his nipples.
Photos from Wenn.com


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Mostly straight forward install
Reviewed By Fileno A (Redmond, WA) Reviewed for a 2013 Audi S4 —3/20/2017 11:11 AM
Good directions make this an easy install even for a guy who hasn't worked on cars for the last 25 years. Things to know: the bridge is tight and so are the slots for the pads. Prior to bed in, knocking (not under braking)may occur. Less grabby than the OEM brakes. Track day in two weeks will tell the tale of the tape.


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Based on the comic by writer Brian Azzarello and artist Eduardo Risso, 100 Bullets is part crime story and part espionage thriller. It tells the interrelated stories of people who are given the chance to take deadly revenge against those who have done them wrong, with no strings attached.
This game is an all-new title based on the franchise -- a different 100 Bullets game was previously in the works at the defunct Acclaim, but D3 has started fresh with its take on the grim tale.
NOTE: 100 Bullets has been been announced as being in production, but exact platform breakdowns have not yet been confirmed. It is likely due for this system, but please check back for official platform plans.
Also known as: One-Hundred Bullets
Release Region: United States
Release Date: Canceled
Publisher: D3 Publisher


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Story highlights
- Cullen Finnerty's body has been found, his alma mater tweets
- He went fishing Sunday in northern Michigan, hadn't been seen since
- A website named the Grand Valley State star Division II's best player in the 2000s
- Finnerty was with the NFL's Baltimore Ravens for a year, though he never got in a game
A former star college quarterback was found dead in northern Michigan on Tuesday night, two days after he went missing while on a fishing excursion, his former university said.
Grand Valley State University tweeted around 9:15 p.m. (10:15 p.m. ET) Tuesday that the body of Cullen Finnerty had been found near Baldwin, Michigan. This came after an intensive search by police, firefighters and ex-teammates on Tuesday.
"The Grand Valley community is saddened to learn of the death of former Laker quarterback Cullen Finnerty," the school said.
Finnerty, who spent time with the NFL's Baltimore Ravens, set off Sunday to fish in Lake County -- which is between Traverse City and Grand Rapids -- but hadn't been heard from since, Sheriff Robert Hilts said Tuesday.
A flier posted on MissingCases.com/Facebook indicated Finnerty was last heard from Sunday evening. The family of the ex-football standout has a cabin close to a campground near where he disappeared.
The only solid lead on Finnerty's whereabouts had been the discovery of a small pontoon boat he had been using in Bray Creek, near the Baldwin River, Hilts said. Video from CNN affiliate WTOM showed the boat perched on the waterway's rocky shore.
No foul play was suspected in the 30-year-old's disappearance, the sheriff said before Finnerty's body was found.
Searchers -- including members of the Lake County Sheriff's Office, area fire departments and state police -- worked with Finnerty's family to coordinate resources.
They were joined by alumni including former football players, current students and staff at Grand Valley State University, where Finnerty starred in football between 2003 and 2006. The school is just west of Grand Rapids.
Head football coach Matt Mitchell said Lakers players also joined the hunt on Tuesday.
"He's a big character kid and had a lot of friendships," Mitchell said in a video posted on Grand Valley State's website. "I think that's the only reason why so many people are coming to his aid."
The Brighton, Michigan, native played four seasons at Grand Valley State, which traditionally has one of the premier programs in Division II college football.
Finnerty compiled a 36-4 record in his time at the school, winning national championships in three seasons. (His first coach there was Brian Kelly, who now coaches at Notre Dame.)
According to a news release after the Lakers' 17-14 championship win, he ended his collegiate career having won 28 straight games and having been ranked No. 1 in 23 consecutive polls of Division II football. D2football.com, a website focused on Division II football, named Finnerty its player of the decade for the 2000s.
After his graduation, he joined the Ravens. Finnerty never got into a regular season game, though -- as the Baltimore Sun reported -- he was called up from the practice squad and put on the Ravens' active roster in December 2007. The Denver Post reported Finnerty was briefly with the Denver Broncos the next year.
Finnerty was married with two young children, Grand Valley State assistant football coach Jim Schaak, who was among those taking part in Tuesday's search, told WTOM.


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Nightmare On Elm Street Remake – No Robert Englund As Freddy5.02.08 # News # 226 Comments
So Michael Bay's production company, Platinum Dunes, are remaking Nightmare, without Robert Englund. Sources have pretty much confirmed he's out.
Before we go on, if any of you are curious what a Michael Bay produced Nightmare On Elm Street might look like, this could give you some idea –
Giving Robert Englund the axe… The problem is that Englund didn't just own the role in the past, he owns it just as much today. He was as energetic and as on the money in Freddy vs Jason as he was back in 1984. He doesn't need to be rebooted.
Then again, familiarity doesn't breed fear. The character of Freddy is as beloved and as watchable today as ever, but is he still scary? Not really. Create a new Freddy, with a new actor and new make up effects and hold back on the reveal, and you could have the first truly terrifying Nightmare in a long time.
It's down to casting, but the track record of Platinum Dunes is a worry. In the last situation like this, they picked Sean Bean to be the new Hitcher – big mistake. Bean is a good actor, but he's not edgy and off the wall and was absolutely wrong for the part. He was a safe, stock choice from the Hollywood villains list.
Whoever they pick this time better be inspired…
Source: ShockTilYouDrop
Also check out: Batman 3 Villains


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Revisiting Iron Maiden's Pivotal 'Piece of Mind' LP
On May 16, 1983, Iron Maiden's lovable mascot, Eddie, lost his mind (not to mention his grizzled mane) and heavy metal fans across the globe lost theirs over one of the most beloved heavy metal albums of all time -- Piece of Mind. For many U.S. fans in particular, Maiden's fourth studio album remains a sentimental favorite, being the first piece of new product they experienced after learning about the group during their tour in support of 1982's watershed The Number of the Beast LP.
For the members of Iron Maiden, Piece of Mind was instead a pretty pivotal, pressure-packed album, coming as it did on the heels of such a well-received predecessor (though members of the clergy may beg to differ), yet another lineup re-shuffling (a curious obstacle shared by every Maiden album until then) and the everyday uncertainties associated with rock and roll careers.
All of which pays high praise to the remarkable consistency with which the British quintet set about, methodically writing heavy metal history as they grew from strength-to-strength throughout the first half of the '80s.
As usual, it was band leader and bassist Steve Harris who led the creative charge behind 'Piece of Mind,' single-handedly crafting its rousing, semi-speed-metal opener, "Where Eagles Dare," its majestic closing epic, "To Tame a Land" (based on Frank Herbert's Dune novels), its relentlessly galloping centerpiece, "The Trooper," and the comparatively modest "Quest for Fire."
Luckily Harris was now able to count on more significant help with these songwriting chores, thanks to the steadily increasing contributions of guitarist Adrian Smith and the emergence of vocalist Bruce Dickinson, who had joined too late to add his ideas to Beast. Smith and Dickinson penned Piece of Mind's breakout single, "Flight of Icarus," a serviceable album cut in "Sun and Steel," and also collaborated with Harris on the clever, future live favorite, "Die With Your Boots On," while Dickinson showed what he was capable of on the multi-faceted "Revelations."
Listen to Iron Maiden's 'Revelations'
Founding guitarist Dave Murray pitched in by co-writing the interestingly nuanced, lyrically inspired "Still Life" with Harris – complete with faux-Satanic backward messages for an intro, designed to freak out all those who wanted to freak out over such things.
Finally, Piece of Mind signaled the arrival of new drummer Nicko McBrain, who not only filled the rather large shoes left by the much-loved Clive Burr with greater technical proficiency (in place of the Burr's celebrated "feel"), but did so without sacrificing his personal, virtually unique, jazz-tight drum sound, which several critics of the time actually deemed "not forceful enough" for metal.
Indeed, no one could have known at the time, but Iron Maiden had at last secured the "classic" lineup that would remain unchanged (including the vital support team of strong-armed managers Rod Smallwood and Andy Taylor, producer extraordinaire Martin Birch and even faithful cover illustrator, Derek Riggs, among others) for their decisive, glorious push towards universal recognition over the next five years.
And to think it all began with the simple decision to lobotomize their mascot.


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Tigerair Awarded Pure-V™ Engine Designation
IAE International Aero Engines AG has awarded Singapore-based operator Tigerair the Pure-V designation for V2500® engines powering its aircraft.
A Pure-V designated engine contains IAE-approved parts and repairs throughout the entire engine. The program was created to provide a designation IAE customers' engines that have been maintained to OEM standards, for example those covered by a Fleet Hour Agreement (FHA), and to recognize the superior value of these engines. According to IAE's records, approximately 60% of the V2500 fleet qualifies as Pure-V.
"We chose the V2500 engine for its reliability and efficiency," said Mr. Ho Yuen Sang, Chief Operating Officer of Tigerair. "The Pure-V designation will not only help our engines maintain their residual value but also give our customers the confidence that our engines are maintained to the highest standards."
"We are pleased with the positive Pure-V responses we've received since our recent launch at the Dubai airshow in November," said Matthew Bromberg, president, Pratt & Whitney Aftermarket. "We are working with our many customers, such as Tigerair, who already qualify for the Pure-V designation."
IAE's records have shown that engines maintained to OEM standards consume less fuel, have fewer unscheduled removals and have up to 20 percent longer time-on-wing between shop visits.
IAE's Pure-V engine program is designed to help operators and lessors enhance residual values for their V2500 engines. The program rewards operators who maintain OEM build standard engines with extended warranties on parts. IAE can also provide a customized conversion kit for engines that do not currently meet the Pure-V standard.
Tigerair, established in 2004, is a leading Singapore-based budget carrier that comprises four airlines, namely Tigerair Singapore, Tigerair Australia, Tigerair Philippines and Tigerair Mandala. Collectively, the Group's network extends to over 50 destinations across 13 countries in the Asia Pacific. As of 31 December 2013, Tigerair operates a fleet of 51 Airbus A320-family aircraft, averaging less than three years of age.
IAE is a multinational aero engine consortium whose shareholders are comprised of Pratt & Whitney (NYSE: UTX), Pratt & Whitney Aero Engines International GmbH, Japanese Aero Engines Corporation and MTU Aero Engines. To date, more than 5,900 V2500® engines have been delivered to close to 200 customers around the world.
This press release contains forward-looking statements concerning future business opportunities. Actual results may differ materially from those projected as a result of certain risks and uncertainties, including but not limited to changes in government procurement priorities and practices, budget plans and availability of funding, and in the number of aircraft to be built; challenges in the design, development, production and support of advanced technologies; as well as other risks and uncertainties, including but not limited to those detailed from time to time in the companies' Securities and Exchange Commission filings.
Pure-VTM is a trademark of United Technologies Corporation – Pratt & Whitney and is licensed to IAE International Aero Engines AG.


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Acetal plastics are used to make toys and product accessories including paintball accessories, airsoft guns, K'Nex® pieces, doll arms and legs, clothing zippers, audio and video cassette parts, fully automatic coffee brewers, knife handles, garden sprayers and butane lighter bodies. Acetal is the perfect plastic solution for endless commercial applications including hardware tools, mechanical pens and pencils, aerosols, locks and hinges.
Mechanical: gears, sliding and guiding elements, housing parts, springs, chains, screws, nuts, fan wheels, pump parts, valve bodies
Electrical Engineering: insulators, bobbins, connectors, parts for electronic devices such as televisions & telephones
Vehicle: fuel sender unit, door lock systems, articulated shells
Medical: insulin pens, metered dose inhalers (MDI)
Furniture: hardware, locks, handles, hinges, curtains roles
Packaging: aerosol cans, vehicle tanks
Sports: paintball accessories, airsoft guns
Clothing: zippers
Music: picks, Irish flutes, bagpipes, practice chanters
Dining: fully automatic coffee brewers; knife handles
Delrin® is DuPont's trade name for acetal homopolymer.
Acetal is the name generally used in the plastics industry to refer to acetal copolymer.
Copolymer acetal features no center-line porosity and has better property retention at elevated temperatures. It's available in FDA compliant grades and has better chemical resistance to hot water and high pH (basic) solutions versus Delrin®.
In comparison to acetal copolymer, homopolymer Delrin® features a higher crystallinity, providing better mechanical properties including tensile strength, creep resistance and impact strength.
Delrin® demonstrates a high strength and stiffness in addition to good dimensional stability and very low moisture absorption.
Delrin® can operate in wet environments with little effect on performance and an increase in part life. Its natural grade is FDA, NSF and USDA compliant.
*Values listed are typical and are meant only as a guide to aid in design. Field testing should be performed to find the actual values for your application.
WARNING: This product can expose you to chemicals including Formaldehyde, CAS 50-00-0, which are known to the State of California to cause cancer. For more information go to www.P65Warnings.ca.gov.
WARNING: This product can expose you to chemicals including Hexachlorobenzene, CAS 118-74-1, which are known to the State of California to cause birth defects or other reproductive harm. For more information go to www.P65Warnings.ca.gov.


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Americans donated an estimated $316 billion to charitable causes in 2012, according to the annual Giving USA report, released Tuesday.
Gifts from American households and bequests from their estates, corporations and foundations grew 3.5% year-over-year (1.5% adjusted for inflation) in 2012.
The report, issued by the Giving USA Foundation and its research partner, the Indiana University Lilly Family School of Philanthropy, included these findings:
—Giving by individuals rose to $229 billion in 2012, an estimated 3.9% increase (1.9% adjusted for inflation)
—Giving by bequest decreased an estimated 7% in 2012 (8.9% adjusted for inflation) to $23 billion
—Giving by corporations and their foundations rose 12.2% in 2012 (9.9% adjusted for inflation), to an estimated $18 billion in the form of cash, in-kind donations and grants
—Giving by foundations increased 4.4% (2.3% adjusted for inflation) to an estimated $46 billion in 2012, according to Foundation Center figures.
Contributions to arts, culture and humanities organizations rose an estimated 7.8% last year—a sharp contrast to a decline of 17.6% in 2008 and slow growth through 2011.
Charities focused on the environment and animals also saw significant growth in 2012 over 2011, up 6.8%. International giving, which had enjoyed very high growth rates in some recent years, leveled off in 2012 to a 2.5% increase.
The modest increase in charitable giving last year matched the same figurative portrait of 2012's economic indicators, the report said. Some trends were positive, others were negative, but overall, growth took place.
"When you consider all the factors that go into determining how much we give to charity, modest growth makes sense and is actually encouraging," Gregg Carlson, chair of the Giving USA Foundation, said in a statement.
"Most households feel pressured at every economic corner, but the longstanding social contract between Americans and the nonprofits they believe in remains resilient and intact; many see giving as a core budget item."
Publicly aired federal proposals aimed at capping or eliminating the charitable tax deduction may have influenced some giving decisions, David King, chair of the Giving Institute, said in the statement.
"Philanthropic giving fares best in a known environment, and has been dependent, in part, on certain factors holding true over the decades, including the charitable tax deduction," King said.
"Some donors may have 'prepaid' gifts they had intended to make in 2013 to ensure they received a tax benefit, while others may have chosen not to donate out of concern that deductions for very large gifts would not carry over in 2013 and beyond."
Check out Senate Finance Mulls Charitable Giving Reform on AdvisorOne.


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(CBS News) WASHINGTON, D.C. - Late Thursday, the FAA gave Boeing the go-ahead to conduct limited test flights of the grounded 787 Dreamliner. On that same day, a Boeing flew an empty 787 from Texas back to its factory in Washington state. The planes were grounded three weeks ago after batteries overheated twice; one of the batteries caught fire.
Federal investigators revealed the fire aboard the Dreamliner in Boston last month began with a short circuit in one of the lithium ion battery's eight cells. That caused a dangerous condition known as "thermal runaway," where a short spreads to other cells in an uncontrolled chemical chain reaction. The fire topped 500 degrees Fahrenheit.
It's something Boeing's development studies didn't predict.
Deborah Hersman, chairman of the National Transportation Safety Board, said Boeing was also incorrect in estimating a Dreamliner battery would heat up and smoke less than once in 10 million flight hours.
Boeing flying 787 Dreamliner from Texas to Wash.
Dreamliner's batteries not certified under current federal guidelines: Should they be?
"We have seen two events on two aircraft less than two weeks apart," she said.
Hersman said that's good reason to question the entire process the FAA used to certify the Dreamliner's battery system as safe and airworthy.
When the Dreamliner was developed, federal guidelines for its planned use of lithium ion batteries didn't exist. So the FAA issued what's called "special conditions," and relied largely on Boeing's own studies to approve the plane.
Eventually, guidelines for the batteries were created in 2008. They require specific technical tests to prove the battery's safety casing would contain any fire and prevent a possible explosion.
But the Dreamliner was grandfathered in and didn't have to meet them.
Former National Transportation Safety Board member John Goglia said that may change. On whether Boeing have to go back in light of the questions and meet the standard that's in effect, he said: "Now that they're in a certification review, the FAA may very well hold them to the highest standard," he said
Boeing late Thursday said it "will not hesitate to make changes that lead to improved testing products and processes." As far as the investigation, investigators said they are now focused on the battery charger, battery design and construction, and also possible manufacturing defects.


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Widow says poisoned lottery winner had no enemies, as authorities prepare to exhume his body
The mysterious poisoning death of an Illinois lottery winner grew even more puzzling Tuesday, when the man's widow revealed she has no idea who in her family asked police to further investigate her husband's death.
Shabana Ansari tells The Associated Press she didn't make the request, which led to a homicide investigation into 46-year-old Urooj Khan's death, and she does not know who did.
Ansari spoke to the press on the same day a Chicago medical examiner said he plans to exhume Khan's body.
Cook County Medical Examiner Stephen Cina said Tuesday that paperwork is being prepared for a judge to approve and he hopes to exhume Urooj Khan's body in the next few weeks.
Khan's death on July 20 was initially ruled a result of natural causes. But the relative's request for a deeper look resulted in the startling conclusion months later that Kahn was killed with the highly toxic poison as he was about to collect $425,000 in winnings.
Chicago police and the Cook County Medical Examiner's Office are investigating Khan's death as a homicide, but they have not given any details or announced any suspects.
Cina says exhuming the body could allow for more tests that could be presented in court if the case goes to trial.
Ansari said she was devastated by Khan's death and cannot believe her husband could have had enemies.
Ansari would not talk about the circumstances of her husband's death, saying it was too painful to recall. She described Khan as a hard-working and generous man who would send money to orphanages in their native India.
"I was shattered. I can't believe he's no longer with me," said the short, soft-spoken Ansari, standing in one of three dry-cleaning businesses her husband started after immigrating to the U.S. from India in 1989.
"I don't think anyone would have a bad eye for him or that he had any enemy," said Ansari, adding that she continues to work at the dry cleaner out of a desire to honor her husband and the businesses he built.
Chicago police Superintendent Garry McCarthy told reporters Tuesday that he had never seen anything like Khan's case in his 32 years of policing in New York, New Jersey and now Chicago.
"So, I'm not going to say that I've seen everything," McCarthy said.
Authorities plan to exhume Khan's body in the next few weeks in hopes they might be able to test additional tissue samples and bolster evidence if the case goes to trial.
"It's always good if and when the case goes to trial to have as much data as possible," said Cook County Medical Examiner Stephen Cina. He added that he did not believe additional testing would change the conclusion that Khan was a homicide victim, saying those comprehensive toxicology results were validated in the lab.
"Based on the investigative information we have now and the (toxicology results), we're comfortable where we are right now," he said.
Khan and his wife were born in Hyderabad, India, and their story is a typical immigrant's tale of settling in a new land with big dreams and starting a business. Their 17-year-old daughter, Jasmeen, is a student here.
"Work was his passion," Ansari said, adding that she plans to stay in the U.S. and keep his businesses running.
"I'm just taking care of his hard work," she said.
The Associated Press contributed to this report.


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There are different ways to layer clothing together. Different tops – long sleeve or short sleeve which are designed to be worn out or tucked in either a skirt, jean trouser or a pair of pants to wear with. Today's clothes come in a different ton of colours instead of the standard ones - black and white, which makes matching colours more complicated we have got the right apparel with varieties of colours for your dinner outing, corporate outing, hangout and many other memorable occasions you would love to gorgeously dress too. Also on Jumia Kenya, we have all it takes for a fashionable and classy woman as we sell quality and the right set of lingerie and bras that rightly accentuate your body and gives it a uniquely defined shape. Jumia Kenya is here to make your wardrobe garment selection easy. Make your purchase today on Jumia Kenya and pay cash on delivery!


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News Corp.'s MySpace (NWS) has settled a long-running copyright lawsuit with Universal Music Group, a deal that gives the social network the go-ahead to launch its own music joint venture. Also on board: Sony-BMG and Warner Music Group (WMG). Not on board: EMI, the fourth major music label. The deal could be announced "in days," says Reuters.
Our understanding of the settlement/structure, cobbled together from multiple sources familiar the deal(s):
- Universal gets a "huge" cash payment in return for settling the 2006 lawsuit, perhaps in the $100 million range. WMG and Sony-BMG will also get cash from the deal, but much smaller payments. We don't know if these are considered advances or just rewards for participating.
- Universal, WMG and Sony-BMG all get minority stakes in the JV, which MySpace will control and operate.
- The site will offer free, ad-supported streaming music, and the labels will get a share of any ad revenue. It will also offer MP3 downloads, and the labels will get paid for those, as well.
This is a big deal for MySpace co-head Chris DeWolfe and News Corp. COO Peter Chernin, who have both been campaigning hard to get the deals done. We're not sold that it's a great idea for MySpace, since music is core to the site's appeal, and cleaving it into a separate company could dilute that. But it's a no-lose deal for the labels: Worst case scenario, they lose nothing (and Universal gets barrels of cash), and if it works out, they could have equity stakes in a potentially valuable business.
No insight into EMI's non-participation. Will update if we get more.


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Tossed Salad with Carrot Dressing
Total TimePrep/Total Time: 25 min.
Makes10 servings (3 cups dressing)
- 3/4 cup red wine vinegar
- 1 cup sugar
- 2 celery ribs, cut into chunks
- 1 small onion, cut into chunks
- 1 small carrot, cut into chunks
- 1/2 teaspoon salt
- 3/4 cup canola oil
- 8 cups spring mix salad greens
- 2 medium tomatoes, cut into wedges
- 1 medium cucumber, sliced
- 2 green onions, sliced
- 1/2 cup chow mein noodles
- 1/2 cup shredded cheddar cheese
- 1/2 cup dried cranberries
- In a blender, combine the first six ingredients; cover and process until smooth. While processing, gradually add oil in a steady stream. Transfer to a bowl or small pitcher; cover and refrigerate until serving.
- In a large bowl, combine the salad ingredients. Stir dressing and serve with salad. Refrigerate leftover dressing.
Nutrition Facts1 cup: 302 calories, 19g fat (3g saturated fat), 6mg cholesterol, 185mg sodium, 33g carbohydrate (26g sugars, 2g fiber), 3g protein.
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Jul 8, 2013
I agree with the others regarding the sugar. I used 3/4 cup and it was plenty sweet. The dressing is delicious and I love that it makes a lot. I added 1/2 cup of toasted sliced almonds and forgot to add the tomatoes. It would only serve 6 for us.5 stars for sure. Thanks!
Jun 18, 2013
Best homemade dressing I have ever made!!
Feb 25, 2012
This dressing is the bomb! I was looking for something different, and came across this recipe. It's simple to make and I usually have all the ingredients. Even my son, who usually only likes creamy dressings, ate this up and asked for it to be made again. This will be going in my rotation. You can also cut down on the sugar, since this is a very sweet dressing. Love it.
Nov 7, 2011
Very scrumptious. Next time I will not mix in the crunchy noodles...they got soggy and made the left over for lunch a NO.