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| The new Waze Wiki, aka Wazeopedia, is now live at Wazeopedia.waze.com! While this legacy wiki will remain accessible for the time being, it is no longer updated by the community. For the most up-to-date guidance, please visit your local Wazeopedia.
Please do not make any more updates to these legacy wiki pages, all future updates should be made in your country's local Wazeopedia.
Difference between revisions of "Main Page"
(→Scan problem number 11: Roads intersecting multiple times)
(→Scan problem number 21: Road nearly touches junction)
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This problem occurs when a particular road segment is not connected to the nearest intersection. If the road is supposed to connect to the junction, follow the solution below.

This problem occurs when a particular road segment is not connected to the nearest intersection. If the road is supposed to connect to the junction, follow the solution below.

#The road geometry should be edited in such way that the end of the road segment should be as close as possible to the intersection, but not touching it.
#The road geometry should be edited in such way that the end of the road segment should be as close as possible to the intersection, but not touching it.
Revision as of 12:40, 4 January 2010
Waze Wiki
Welcome to the Waze wiki.
- 1 User Manuals
- 2 Map Editing
- 3 Editing Manual
- 3.1 How to fix scan problems
- 3.1.1 Scan problem number 1: Intersecting roads
- 3.1.2 Scan problem number 3: road contained in another road
- 3.1.3 Scan problem number 4: Road shorter than 10 meters
- 3.1.4 Scan problem number 6: Unconnected roads
- 3.1.5 Scan problem number 7: Non drivable road
- 3.1.6 Scan problem number 10: Not enough allowed turns
- 3.1.7 Scan problem number 11: Roads intersecting multiple times
- 3.1.8 Scan problem number 21: Road nearly touches junction
- 3.1.9 Scan problem number 22: Road nearly touches road
- 3.1.10 Scan problem number 26: Major road not connected on one side
- 3.1.11 Scan problem number 31: Touching nodes
- 3.1 How to fix scan problems
- 4 Current Phone Versions
- 5 Translation
User Manuals
Map Editing
- Editing your route on the map
- Edicion de tu ruta en el mapa
- Cartouche
- How to label and name roads
- Como categorizar y nombrar vias
- How to label and name roads (Netherlands)
- How to label and name roads (Italian)
- Cartouche - map problems
- Known issues with Cartouche
Editing Manual
How to fix scan problems
Scan problems are in fact warnings which appear when the program recognizes a specific area which might interrupt the navigation.
The fact that a scan problem appears in a specific area does not necessarily mean that the specific problem has to be fixed.
It is important to check if any means of fixing should actually take place.
Clicking on a scan problem will present on the Edit panel additional information regarding the chosen problem. In some cases fixing suggestions will appear.
Scan problem number 1: Intersecting roads
The program might alert of this problem when two roads intersect and no mutual node (intersection) appears in between.
In case that the two roads create a junction, meaning: when there is in fact a possibility to turn from one road to the other, it is necessary to create a node in the junction between the intersection.
- Choose the problem icon by clicking it.
- In the Edit panel the chosen problem will appear, including the relevant roads. In the bottom of the panel a possible solution will appear: Create junction
- Choose this option and confirm.
Please note that in many cases the problem does not need to be corrected. The attached example demonstrates two roads which seem they intersect but in fact there's a bridge above one road. In this case the bridge should be marked as such:
- Choose one of the sections of the bridge (the first by direction of the traffic).
- Hold Ctrl key and select the second section of the bridge, so that the two sections around the problem No. 1 are now highlighted.
- In the Edit panel select Bridge above/ below mutual node.
- Another option is to change the level of the two road segments on Edit road details panel.
Scan problem number 3: road contained in another road
The program will alert you when two overlapped segments appear in exactly the same place and connected to the same connection points. Without any alert of this problem, it is not always possible to see that there are two roads in the same place because one hides the other.
The most simple way to solve the problem is:
- Highlight the relevant (visible) segment.
- In the Edit panel choose Edit road geometry
- change the shape of the road so it reveals the road below and then confirm your changes.
- delete the unnecessary road - if there is one road that contains less information, such as a street's name or traffic direction, you should delete this one.
- Make sure that the road that remained after deletion is back in its original form using the Edit road geometry.
Scan problem number 4: Road shorter than 10 meters
When the length of a particular segment of a road is very short (less than 10 meters) the program will alert you. Usually this is an error that requires correction. However, note that sometimes the actual segment of the road is indeed very short and does not need any correction. In this case problem number 4 will be displayed on the map but should be ignored.
If a section of road is too short without justification:
- Select the segment that comes before the short one (by the traffic order of driving).
- Holding Ctrl key, select the short section so that both sections will be marked.
- Make sure that both sections are connected with each other using Highlight Connectivity.
- In Edit panel select bridge above a mutual node option and confirm.
Both segment will merge into one.
Scan problem number 6: Unconnected roads
In order for two roads to be properly connected, it is not enough for the two roads to just be close to each other.
Problem number 6 alerts that two segments appear to be connected but in fact that they are just close to each other, and the program does not recognize a possibility of driving from segment to the other and will not allow the navigation.
Select the two segments by the direction of driving.
- First, make sure that the two sections of road are in the same direction (or in a direction that allows driving in the order of which you selected the segments).
- Select the first section. Preferably, Highlight Connectivity (in the View panel) should be on. This will allow you to make sure that the segment is indeed not connected.
- Holding Ctrl key, select the next segment that you want to connect.
- On the Edit panel choose the option connect roads in order of selection.
Scan problem number 7: Non drivable road
This problem occurs when the road was not defined a specific driving direction. In such situation it will not be possible to use this road for routing. This issue is resolved when a wazer drives over the segment, thus 'opening' the road direction, so there is no obligation to resolve this problem using the software. Driving directions can be defined, if desired, with the following solution.
Directionality should be set as follows:
- Select the relevant segment (or segments – if all belong to the same street and have the same direction).
- On the edit panel select Edit road detail.
- Choose Direction and set the desired direction (one way, two way).
- Choose: Save Changes.
- Once defined directionality, make sure that the road is connected on both ends as explained in the solution of problem number 6.
Scan problem number 10: Not enough allowed turns
The problem occurs when less than half of the potential turns in a certain junction are allowed.
Note that this problem is the standard warning and does not always require correction. There may be situations in which indeed most of the turns are not allowed.
This problem has two types of possible solutions: First solution: after examining the junction and roads the conclusion is that all the turns are indeed allowed.
- Select the specific problem
- On the Edit panel a Fix suggestion will appear at the bottom of the panel.
- Choosing Allow all turns will allow all turns from every road that is connected to the junction.
Second option: A condition in which only some of the turns in the same junction are allowed:
- Connect the relevant road segments which allow turns from one to another (See explanation on connecting road segments in resolution of problem 6)
- Repeat this action for all relevant road segments where turning is allowed.
Scan problem number 11: Roads intersecting multiple times
This problem alerts when a certain road intersects with another road more than once. In other words, two roads have more than one intersecting point.
This warning also does not always require a correction.
First check each intersection – if the intersection indeed requires a junction between the roads or in fact a bridge has to be created, meaning that there is not a real intersection between the two roads. If there is an intersection point between the two road segments:
- Make sure that there are allowed turns between the two roads. You can verify the allowed turns by turning on Highlight Connectivity in the View panel and highlighting the different segments of the intersection.
- If an allowed turn is missing from the map, allow the connection by connecting the two relevant roads (see solution to problem number 6).
If there is a bridge (over the intersection):
- Choose the first road segment (in the order of driving) from one side of the intersection.
- Make sure that the two segments are connected by using Highlight connectivity
- By holding the Ctrl key and clicking on the road segment on the other side of the intersection so that both segments are now highlighted.
- On the Edit panel select the option Bridge above/ below mutual node - both segments will merge into one and the intersection will be removed from the map.
Scan problem number 21: Road nearly touches junction
This problem occurs when a particular road segment is not connected to the nearest intersection. If the road is supposed to connect to the junction, follow the solution below.
- The road geometry should be edited in such way that the end of the road segment should be as close as possible to the intersection, but not touching it.
- Prior to connecting the roads, make sure that the direction of each segment will allow proper routing between the two.
- The road should be connected to the node by selecting the edited segment, holding down the Ctrl key, and selecting the other road segment that should be connected to it.
- When the two relevant sections are highlighted, in the Edit panel select Connect roads in the order of selection.
- Repeat this operation for all turns that are allowed from this segment and the new connection that was created.
Scan problem number 22: Road nearly touches road
Similar to problem number 21, this problem occurs when the tip of a particular road is not connected to another road, that is located very close to the road, only in this case there is no existing node (junction).
Make sure that both roads should be connected, since the situation in real life may be two roads are adjacent but are not supposed to be connected (when one road is a dead end, for example).
If the roads need to be connected, create a split point on the road that perpendicular to the road that needs to be connected.
- Select the road the the you want to split.
- On the Edit panel select Split road at point.
- Mark the place where the split should take place and confirm.
- Select the road that need to be connected to the newly created node and move the tip of that road closer to node by editing it's geometry in the Edit panel.
- When the road is close enough, it has to be connected to the intersection by selecting that segment and selecting another segment that should be connected to it by direction by holding down Ctrl.
- Repeat this operation on every allowed turn from the segment that is now attached.
Scan problem number 26: Major road not connected on one side
Similar to problem number 6 - this problem shows that a segment of a major road is connected only one one of its sides, and the other side in not connected at all.
First, make sure that the two sections of the roads you that need to be connected are in the same direction.
- Select the road segments in accordance with the direction of driving.
- Select the first segment, and holding the Ctrl key select the next segment that need to be connected.
- In the Edit panel select Connect roads on order of selection and confirm.
Scan problem number 31: Touching nodes
This problem occurs when two nodes are located closely to each other.
In some cases, one of the nodes is simply connecting two segments of the same road (and no node exists in real life). In this situation a solution is not needed since the program will remove the extra node automatically in the next automated maps scan. In other cases, one of the nodes should in fact be a bridge. In these cases, follow the solution below.
- First select the road segment prior to the short road segment.
- Holding the Ctrl key, select the short segment so that both segment will be highlighted.
- Make sure that both segments are connected to each other.
4.In the Edit panel select the option Bridge above mutual node and confirm. After the actual problem solution, the problem may still appear on the map. The problem will vanish after scanning the map by the software.
Current Phone Versions
- Operation:Translation (NEW-BLANK)
- Operation:Translation (Bosnian)
- Operation:Translation (Czech)
- Operation:Translation (Dutch)
- Operation:Translation (Finnish)
- Operation:Translation (French)
- Operation:Translation (German)
- Operation:Translation (Hungarian)
- Operation:Translation (Italian)
- Operation:Translation (Polish)
- Operation:Translation (Portuguese for Brazil)
- Operation:Translation (Russian)
- Operation:Translation (Slovak)
- Operation:Translation (Spanish)
- Operation:Translation (Spanish for Spain)


text:
Paul TAPPONNIER
Found 146 results
Filters: Author is Chuan-Chou Shen [Clear All Filters]
Post‐earthquake aggradation processes to hide surface ruptures in thrust systems: The M8.3, 1934, Bihar‐Nepal earthquake ruptures at Charnath Khola (Eastern Nepal). Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth.. 2019.
Stratigraphic Control of Frontal Décollement Level and Structural Vergence and Implications for Tsunamigenic Earthquake Hazard in Sumatra, Indonesia. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems. 20. 2019.
Evidence of pervasive trans-tensional deformation in the northwestern Wharton Basin in the 2012 earthquakes rupture area. Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 502:174-186.. 2018.
High-resolution stratigraphy and multiple luminescence dating techniques to reveal the paleoseismic history of the central Dead Sea fault (Yammouneh fault, Lebanon). Tectonophysics. 738–739:1-15.. 2018.
Necking and fracking may explain stationary seismicity and full degassing in volcanic silicic spine extrusion. Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 503:47-57.. 2018.
The 2015 Mw 6.0 Mt. Kinabalu earthquake: an infrequent fault rupture within the Crocker fault system of East Malaysia. Geoscience Letters.. 2017.
The discovery of a conjugate system of faults in the Wharton Basin intraplate deformation zone. Science Advances. 3. 2017.
High-resolution mapping based on an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) to capture paleoseismic offsets along the Altyn-Tagh fault, China. Scientific Reports. 7. 2017.
Kinematics of Active Deformation Across the Western Kunlun Mountain Range (Xinjiang, China) and Potential Seismic Hazards Within the Southern Tarim Basin. Journal of Geophysical Research - Solid Earth. 122(12):10398-10426.. 2017.
Along-strike variations of the partitioning of convergence across the Haiyuan fault system detected by InSAR. Geophysical Journal International. 205(1):536-547.. 2016.
Earthquake-bound ponded sediments as a high-resolution archive of Anthropocene climate in the arid Fuyun region of northwestern China. European Geosciences Union (EGU) General Assembly 2016.. 2016.
Late Quaternary slip-rate along the central Bangong-Chaxikang segment of the Karakorum fault, western Tibet. Geological Society of America Bulletin. 128(1-2):284-314.. 2016.
Slip deficit in central Nepal: omen for a repeat of the 1344 AD earthquake? Earth, Planets and Space. 68(12). 2016.
Structural segmentation controlled the 2015 M-w 7.8 Gorkha earthquake rupture in Nepal. Geology. 44(8):639-642.. 2016.
Two hundred thirty years of relative sea level changes due to climate andmegathrust tectonics recorded in coral microatolls of Martinique (FrenchWest Indies). Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 121(4):2873-2903.. 2016.
The 2012 Mw 8.6 Wharton Basin sequence: A cascade of great earthquakes generated by near‐orthogonal, young, oceanic‐mantle faults. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 120(5):3723–3747.. 2015.
Coseismic slip on shallow décollement megathrusts: implications for seismic and tsunami hazard. Earth-Science Reviews. 141(February):45-55.. 2015.
What caused the mysterious eighteenth century tsunami that struck the southwest Taiwan coast? Geophysical Research Letters. 42(20):8498-8506.. 2015.
The Al Hoceima Mw 6.4 earthquake of 24 February 2004 and its aftershocks sequence. Journal of Geodynamics. 77:89-109.. 2014.
Estimating the return times of great Himalayan earthquakes in eastern Nepal: Evidence from the Patu and Bardibas strands of the Main Frontal Thrust. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 119(9):7123–7163.. 2014.
Comment on "Displacement along the Karakoram fault, NW Himalaya, estimated from LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating of offset geologic markers" published by Shifeng Wang et al. in EPSL, 2012. Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 363:242-245.. 2013.
Primary surface ruptures of the great Himalayan earthquakes in 1934 and 1255. Nature Geoscience. 6:71-76.. 2013.
Co-seismic and cumulative offsets of the recent earthquakes along the Karakax left-lateral strike-slip fault in western Tibet. Gondwana Research. 21:64-87.. 2012.
The Pingding segment of the Altyn Tagh Fault (91°E): Holocene slip-rate determination from cosmogenic radionuclide dating of offset fluvial terraces. Journal of Geophysical Research. 117. 2012.

subset: commoncrawl


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For now you can go here or to itunes for Troy's music.
Andy Stanley: The Principle of the Path: How to Get from Where You Are to Where You Want to Be
Craig Groeschel: It: How Churches and Leaders Can Get It and Keep It
Craig Groeschel: Confessions of a Pastor: Adventures in Dropping the Pose and Getting Real with God
David Kinnaman: unChristian: What a New Generation Really Thinks about Christianity... and Why It Matters
Henry T. Blackaby: Spiritual Leadership: Moving People to God's Agenda
Jim Henderson: Jim & Casper Go to Church: Frank Conversation About Faith, Churches, and Well-meaning Christians
I loved this. Provocative in our thinking about peoples first impressions of our churches. What do they see and perceive from a single Sunday morning visit? Should that impact how we represent the Gospel in an hour once a week? (****)
John Eldredge: Walking with God: Talk to Him. Hear from Him. Really.
Gene Edwards: A Tale of three Kings: A Study in Brokenness
Rob Bell: Velvet Elvis
Great book. I would love to see more from Rob. Very insighful and fresh from and innovative and young master teacher. Highly recommended. (*****)
Donald Miller: Blue Like Jazz
I want to buy a case of these and give them to friends. Donald has a way of articulating the way many of us have felt in the church. A very rich, funny, and poignant read. (*****)
C.S. Lewis: Mere Christianity
Life changing for me. I started reading Lewis in college and have been extraordinarily impacted by him. He has been something of a spiritual Father for me. My first glimpse at intelligent and articulate Christianity. (*****)
Erwin McManus: The Barbarian Way
I always enjoy Erwin's perspective. A great read on unleashing your faith! (****)
Brian McLaren: A Generous Orthodoxy: Why I Am a Missional, Evangelical, Post/Protestant, Liberal/Conservative, Mystical/Poetic, Biblical, Charismatic/Contemplative, Fundamentalist/Calvinist, Anabaptist/Anglican, Methodist, Catholic, Green, Incarnational, Depressed-yet-Hopeful, Emergent, Unfinished CHRISTIAN
Although I don't alway agree with Brian as he is so deliberately provocative. This book did some necessary re-wiring for me. (****)
A_cross//The_earth:Tear Down The Walls
Hillsong: A_cross//The_earth:Tear Down The Walls
North Point Live: Louder Than Creation
North Point Worship Band: North Point Live: Louder Than Creation


text:
20 minute crafter - make a giant star for less than $5!
Daisys and Dots.
We took this one to friends as a gift and they immediately hung it on their house!
28 comments:
- Katherine said...
Love this! It would be perfect over our garage door too! Might have to make one!
- November 19, 2012 at 8:48 AM
- Becca @ The Sassy Penguin said...
Thanks so much for sharing. I cannot wait to make these in different colors. This would look fantastic above any mantel!
- November 19, 2012 at 9:06 AM
- Stevie said...
Awesome! I've been wanting to make one of these stars...Why did i not think of using yard sticks?!?!?!?!? :)
- November 19, 2012 at 9:10 AM
- Cristi Baxter Clothier said...
Love this! I am going by Lowes today to get some yardsticks. Thanks for sharing.
Happy Thanksgiving!
- November 19, 2012 at 9:46 AM
- Unknown said...
Super great idea!! I never realized Lowes yardsticks were so affordable, I can't wait to get my hands on some. Great tutorial, this rustic star will match our country Christmas home perfectly - thanks!
- November 19, 2012 at 12:12 PM
- Ben and Taryn said...
I'm making one!! Love this idea and thinking it will look awesome without lights on my mantle. Thanks again for another creative project, you rock!
- November 19, 2012 at 12:20 PM
- kate said...
yardsticks??? so cute!
- November 19, 2012 at 8:17 PM
- Diane said...
I adore this idea! THanks for sharing.
- November 20, 2012 at 12:21 PM
- Bunnyslady said...
Awesome idea... so simple and sweet! Thanks for another great project.
- November 20, 2012 at 12:27 PM
- A Bridge Of Grace said...
- November 22, 2012 at 4:41 PM
- Kelly said...
My father in law just made me one of these with fence boards. But yard sticks...amazing!
- November 26, 2012 at 6:30 PM
- Unknown said...
This is awesome I'm gonna make 3 thanks for the crafty idea.. I love stars!
- November 27, 2012 at 7:21 AM
- Unknown said...
This is awesome I'm gonna make 3 thanks for the crafty idea.. I love stars!
- November 27, 2012 at 7:21 AM
- Tami said...
Amazing. I am going to make a million of these guys!
Thanks for sharing!
- November 27, 2012 at 5:01 PM
- Tami said...
Amazing. I am going to make a million of these guys!
Thanks for sharing!
- November 27, 2012 at 5:02 PM
- honey4drea said...
My parents have always had the neighborhood star which was passed down from my grandparents. Now I can easily make my own and for low cost. Thanks!
If you are going to make multiple stars, using "lath" is a better bargain. I got a bundle (makes probably 7 stars) for around $12! It can be found at your local hardware stores (Lowe's, Home Depot, Menards, etc). It is a foot longer so it will make a bigger star and is a bit thicker so a stronger star.
- December 2, 2012 at 9:21 AM
- Seeshellspace said...
Thanks so much for the inspiration. I made mine out of Pallet wood. You can see it here. Of course I gave you credit and linked to your post!
- December 6, 2012 at 11:59 AM
- Glacier Dreaming said...
This is a GREAT idea. I picked up yardsticks @ WalMart yesterday - 50 cents each. Used Gorilla glue and now trying to decide on what color to paint it. White seems logical but may go with red...
THANK you so much for posting this.
- December 6, 2012 at 11:21 PM
- Unknown said...
You inspired me. Here is a link to my creation. Thanks for the tip!!! http://thepatrioticpam.blogspot.com/2012/12/star-light.html
- December 7, 2012 at 9:33 AM
- Sandra said...
This is a great idea! Can't wait to test this out on my front porch. Thanks for the instructions:)
- December 10, 2012 at 4:23 AM
- mtg said...
Such a great idea to use yardsticks. Love your version. I made mine with actual fallen tree branches from a nearby park. Can't post my darn tutorial since Blogger is having issues with photo uploading right now :(
I'm pinning your version.
- December 11, 2012 at 11:20 AM
- Chrystie said...
Love, love LOVE!!! Pined it! Thanks for sharing!!
- December 27, 2012 at 3:16 PM
- Unknown said...
Cute idea! Thanks for sharing...
- October 23, 2013 at 6:54 PM
- Simply Simplisticated said...
Just made this today! come see wont you http://simplysimplisticated4.blogspot.com/2013/10/easy-yard-stick-star.html Thanks so much for the inspiration!
- October 28, 2013 at 10:41 AM
- Unknown said...
Wow! What a great and easy craft! Think I need to go shopping now. Got some areas begging for something like this!!!
- December 3, 2013 at 10:43 AM
- paintingal said...
This is such a cool idea...thanks for sharing. Will be making some for gifts.
- December 19, 2013 at 10:23 PM
- Lauren and Joe O'Brien said...
Made this today! So easy and cute. Great directions. http://ljobrien.blogspot.com/2014/12/griswolds-advent-candles-diy.html
- December 16, 2014 at 12:47 AM
- Unknown said...
I wish we weren't in the middle of a HUGE snow storm! I ordered prelit garland this morning and will have to pick up some yard sticks when I get out again. So excited for this!! Thank you so much!
- November 25, 2018 at 1:03 PM


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text: Nikki has a passion for horses -- whether it's riding them, running them in barrel race competitions or training them to race for others. In fact, her career ambition is to become a professional barrel racer and owner of a horse ranch and training facility. To find out what else Nikki is passionate about check out her interview featured in the members area.


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Wednesday, April 14, 2010 - Page updated at 01:15 PM
Your Courts, Their Secrets
"It's a new day" as secrecy fades
Seattle Times staff reporters
In King County Superior Court, requests to seal records used to get approved casually. Often, all the parties had to do was ask. The defendant wanted to avoid embarrassment? The judge said OK.
Snubbing rules established years ago, judges and court commissioners approved even the most extreme secrecy: sealing an entire file. At least 420 civil suits were sealed in their entirety since 1990, a Seattle Times investigation found. Those sealing orders kept the public from knowing about wrongdoing or alleged negligence by local schools, hospitals, lawyers, churches, state agencies, manufacturers and others.
At least 266 guardianship cases were similarly sealed — restricting awareness of an obscure legal field meant to protect the vulnerable. Secrecy helped keep conflicts of interest and questionable billing practices by court-appointed guardians from public eyes.
And divorce? The whole file was hidden away in at least 692 cases since 1990, eroding one of the legal system's most important checks. If the file is sealed, how can anyone know if the outcome was fair? What's to keep a judge from being unduly swayed by one side's power or legal muscle?
But since The Times began reporting on improper sealing practices in March of this year, such secrecy has evaporated. A recent review of King County court records failed to turn up even one civil, guardianship or divorce case that has been sealed in its entirety in the past nine months.
Instead of being hidden away, files are being opened up.
Files sealed: then and now
420 civil cases
266 guardianship cases
692 divorce cases
Total, 1990-2005: 1,378
Cases sealed since The Times' series began: 0
Source: Seattle Times review
of state court records
King County judges and commissioners have unsealed 42 cases based upon a motion or formal request by The Times. In Snohomish County, at least 150 files have been opened — with hundreds more likely to follow. Files in other counties, including Pierce, Spokane and Whatcom, have also been unsealed.
Even narrow secrecy requests get scrutinized in ways unimaginable a year ago. Before, parties routinely made settlement amounts confidential. The courts typically approved, even though a settlement's terms can provide the public valuable information. Was the amount a nominal figure easily dismissed as a nuisance settlement? Or was it something more?
Last year the YMCA of Greater Seattle was sued in a case with obvious public interest. A Seattle couple alleged that a teenager working in a YMCA day-care center had sexually assaulted their son and five other children. The YMCA, accused of negligent hiring and supervision, elected to settle.
At a hearing last month, Court Commissioner Kimberley Prochnau was asked about the possibility of keeping the settlement's terms confidential. Prochnau said things are different now: The parties' mere desire for secrecy is no longer enough to seal any document. The settlement amount — the YMCA agreed to pay $300,000 to this one family — went into the court file, unsealed.
Prochnau told the courtroom: "It's a new day."
The cost of public access
When it comes to open court records in Washington state, a substantial divide has separated principle from practice.
The principle abhors secrecy. "Justice in all cases shall be administered openly," the Washington Constitution says. State law says court documents can be sealed only if a judge finds "compelling circumstances" — a demanding legal standard — and provides a detailed explanation for secrecy that takes into account the public interest in open records.
But the practice has been to accept secrecy with little regard for legal restrictions. At least 97 percent of the sealing orders reviewed by The Times violated secrecy rules established in the 1980s.
Undoing what should never have been done has proved challenging and expensive.
The Times spent months identifying and sorting sealed cases across the state. Alerted by the newspaper, the clerk's office in King County opened 294 cases that had been sealed by mistake. As for the others? The judges in King County — unlike their colleagues in Snohomish and several other counties — took a vote and refused to unseal lawsuits without a formal motion. So The Times had to go to court.
Davis Wright Tremaine, a law firm that specializes in public-records cases, assigned three lawyers to pursue motions for The Times: Marshall Nelson, Eric Stahl and Lissa Shook. In eight cases where Davis Wright had a conflict, motions were filed by Shelley Hall, with the law firm Stokes Lawrence.
Davis Wright moved to open 32 cases. The firm put in at least 800 hours. Some cases look little time. Others took months. The lawyers' fees, on average, turned out to be about $6,000 per case.
Extend that figure to all 420 of the sealed civil suits, and the cost to The Times — the cost of public access — would be a staggering $2.5 million. And that's for just one type of case, in only one county.
For the newspaper, costs escalated as obstacles mounted.
If possible, motions should be served on all parties to a case. So The Times tried to find plaintiffs and defendants — even though the files were sealed, with crucial identifying details unavailable to the newspaper.
We tried, to no avail, to serve one woman with the last name Roe — a frequent pseudonym in legal matters, akin to Doe. But how do you serve someone when you're unsure of her real name? Other names were common and offered not even a middle initial. How do you serve someone when dozens of people have the same name?
Other parties were easy to identify but hard to find. One process server in Wyoming tried to locate a dentist who had apparently retired there. A separate process server went 10 times to a Seattle address listed for the dentist. We never did manage to hand him our motion, but a judge eventually opened the file anyway.
Some parties raised objections that bordered on the absurd — but we had to respond, nonetheless. One woman asked to have her name stripped out of every document in the lawsuit, even though she was a named defendant. A commissioner refused. Other cases required us to rebut arguments based on what was in the file — even though we couldn't see the file for ourselves.
Files unsealed, secrets revealed
So far we've filed 40 motions to unseal cases in King County. Thirty-six were granted and two denied. The two others are pending.
In addition, six other cases were opened in King County by a handful of judges willing to act without a formal motion.
The unsealed lawsuits have revealed stories such as these:
• A lawsuit filed three years ago disclosed how a 13-year-old girl came to be raped while in the state's care. Her story showed bureaucratic bungling by the state's social-services agency; unheeded warnings by YouthCare, a group-home operator; and audacity by state lawyers, who claimed the victim was partly at fault for being raped by a 29-year-old youth worker. A judge had sealed this lawsuit upon a motion that said the file's contents could embarrass YouthCare and the state.
• Five years ago, the Northshore School District settled a legal claim that accused four principals of ignoring repeated warnings that an elementary-school teacher was fondling students. But a secrecy agreement forbade the young victims from saying anything bad about the teacher or district — and even restricted what they could tell any therapist. After The Times wrote about this case, the Issaquah School District began investigating one of the principals, Ed Young. He resigned two weeks later as principal of Skyline High School.
• When state health-care regulators settled disciplinary charges against Dr. James H. Greene earlier this year — handing out their lightest punishment — they didn't know about a malpractice lawsuit that accused him of not bothering to examine a pregnant woman deep in labor. The delivery later went awry, and the baby suffered devastating injuries. Greene's employer, Group Health Cooperative, settled the lawsuit for $5.5 million, but the entire file was sealed. The case shows up in a database used by lawyers, but as Confidential v. Confidential, in county Confidential.
• The family of a diabetic woman who suffered permanent brain damage accused Medtronic Inc., a manufacturer, of selling an unsafe insulin pump and the University of Washington Medical Center of medical malpractice. The file was sealed in 2003, concealing concerns about the pump and how Medtronic had not reported the case to federal regulators. The UW, a public entity, settled its part of the lawsuit for $3.2 million — but on condition the plaintiffs not tell anyone, including the media, how much the university paid or why.
Other unsealed lawsuits have also proved valuable. One accused a judge of committing legal malpractice in one of the last cases he tried before joining the bench. Another accused a respiratory therapist of using a wrong adapter — so that oxygen was forced into a newborn, with no way out. That lawsuit was settled for $7.8 million, described as a record for birth-injury cases in Washington.
But some files have been opened under conditions that make it hard to tell what really happened.
Three years ago, a Boeing manager sued the company, alleging another manager had "sexually assaulted" her in a hotel room during a business trip. The alleged assailant — once the woman's supervisor — had previously said he "wanted her" and told her how his high-level Boeing friends cheated on their wives, the complaint says.
When the woman reported the alleged assault to Boeing, "she was told by Boeing personnel that she had to leave town for two weeks," the lawsuit says. Boeing isolated and punished her, the complaint alleges.
This file was sealed in 2004 and reopened this year. But the identities of the alleged assailant and other Boeing officials involved in the case have been blacked out.
Although the court file refers to the plaintiff only by her initials, she feared being identified if other information was revealed. So she asked to have all kinds of details — titles, places, dates, names — marked out if the file was unsealed.
The Times argued that this would "have the perverse effect of shielding those who wronged her." But Judge James Doerty granted the woman's request.
Tim Neale, a Boeing spokesman, said: "When this occurred the company launched an investigation, and eventually all matters were resolved to the satisfaction of both parties. And the person who was accused by [the plaintiff] no longer works for Boeing. He left the company on June 1, 2003."
A suspended sheriff's deputy, a disbarred lawyer
The two Times motions that were denied had been filed to learn more about people who hold positions of public trust or were professionally licensed.
Three years ago, the David Brame case illustrated the importance of open records concerning police officers. In April 2003, Brame, the Tacoma police chief, shot his wife, then himself. Subsequent news stories revealed that Brame had once been accused of rape — but the details had been sealed in an employment-discrimination lawsuit.
Three months after this murder-suicide, Doerty, the King County judge, sealed a domestic-violence petition against a Snohomish County sheriff's deputy. The file contained "inappropriately explicit, lurid descriptions of private sexual behavior between the parties," Doerty's order said.
Instead of blacking out whatever passages he deemed objectionable, Doerty sealed everything. He also refused to open the file this year.
Through a public-disclosure request, the Times obtained the records of an internal sheriff's investigation conducted after the deputy's wife filed her petition. That file shows the deputy was suspended without pay in 2004 after he admitted being physically abusive to his wife.
The other Times motion that was denied concerned a lawsuit filed in 2000 against Adina Atwood, a lawyer in Kent. The state disbarred Atwood in 2004, finding she had abandoned her practice without letting her clients know. She even kept money owed to some clients, the bar found.
Judge Richard McDermott's order sealing the 2000 lawsuit failed to meet the legal requirements for secrecy, saying simply: "This file is hereby ordered sealed." His refusal this year to open the file was similarly cryptic. McDermott's order said secrecy was needed to protect "the physical well being of one or both of the parties."
Changes in state and federal courts
Since The Times began reporting on improperly sealed court records, state and federal courts have adopted a number of changes.
This year the Washington Supreme Court amended its rules, saying, among other things, that the parties' wish for secrecy does not, by itself, justify sealing.
The U.S. District Court for the Western District of Washington also tightened its rules, saying lawyers can no longer file pleadings under seal without first getting permission from a judge.
In King County, judges and commissioners now receive extensive training on sealing restrictions. The judges threw out an old sealing form that misstated the law on secrecy, and took the power to seal away from substitute commissioners.
In Snohomish County, judges initiated an exhaustive review of more than 1,000 sealed cases. They've opened at least 150 so far and are reviewing dozens more each month.
The Times plans to keep writing about sealed cases.
Look for more stories in the months to come.
Ken Armstrong: 206-464-3730 or firstname.lastname@example.com; Justin Mayo: 206-464-3669 or firstname.lastname@example.com; Steve Miletich: 206-464-3302 or email@example.com.
Copyright © 2006 The Seattle Times Company
Seattle Times Special
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The Favor Factory
Confronting Malaria
Pike Place Market
Your Courts, Their Secrets
License to Harm
The Bering Sea
Olympic Sculpture Park


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Investigators are looking into what caused a hole to rip open in the fuselage of an airline jet as it cruised at 31,000 feet, causing a loss of cabin air pressure and forcing the pilot to make an emergency landing.
The 1-foot-by-2-foot hole opened in the roof shortly after American Airlines Flight 1640 took off from Miami bound for Boston on Tuesday night.
A man aboard the plane said passengers panicked after oxygen masks were released and the pilot put the jet into a sharp descent.
9 states ban cellphone use while driving. Is yours on the list?
"It was pretty chaotic and confusing. It just was kind of surreal. We kind of looked at each other when the masks came from the ceiling and thought, 'This is it,'" said Edward Croce, 34, of Braintree, Mass.
Croce tried to send a goodbye text message to his son back home, but his hands were shaking uncontrollably.
The pilot guided the Boeing 757 back to Miami, and none of the 154 passengers and six crew members were injured, according to American.
"We were shaken up and everyone was in shock," said Croce, who complained that the airline didn't provide medical attention for passengers once they were on the ground.
Federal Aviation Administration spokeswoman Kathleen Bergen said Friday that an inspection of the plane revealed a hole in the upper part of the fuselage near a cabin door toward the front of the plane.
The National Transportation Safety Board is investigating. Board spokesman Keith Holloway said the agency doesn't yet know what caused the hole.
"We'll be looking at (metal) fatigue and mechanical issues and everything," he said.
American Airlines spokesman Tim Smith said the airline has assigned a team of engineers and maintenance technicians to look at the aircraft. He said American has talked to Boeing, the NTSB and the FAA. The airline took the plane out of service.
Officials said Boeing is working on a safety alert called a service bulletin that will direct airlines to do more inspections of parts of older 757 aircraft.
The government could order airlines to ground their 757s while they are checked, but officials said that was unlikely if Boeing determines that problems can be detected with visual inspections. Airlines were allowed to keep flying their jets last year after a similar incident involving a Southwest Airlines Boeing 737.
The American jet is 20 years old and had gone through about 22,000 takeoffs and landings, Holloway said. American, which had refused to give the age of the plane, said its fleet of about 120 Boeing 757s averages 16 years, which its spokesman said "is considered mid-life by most in the industry."
Boeing declined to comment much beyond saying it was providing technical help to safety investigators.
Last year, a Southwest Airlines Boeing 737 was forced to make an emergency landing after a crack between two sheets of aluminum skin turned into a gaping hole in the roof. That case led Boeing and the FAA to direct airlines to increase inspections of parts of the 737.
The Southwest jet was 15 years old and had made more than 42,500 takeoffs and landings.
Age becomes a concern because of the risk of metal fatigue — cracks that develop from the constant cycle of pressurizing planes for flight, then releasing the pressure. It's like inflating a balloon, then letting the air out, and repeating the process thousands of times.
In 1988, cracks caused part of the roof of an Aloha Airlines Boeing 737 to peel open in flight. A flight attendant plunged to her death.
John Goglia, a former National Transportation Safety Board member and an expert on aircraft maintenance, said rips in the upper fuselage can be caused by metal fatigue, by damage during repairs, from bumping into something like a jetway or by corrosion due to exposure to moisture.
Boeing produced about 900 copies of the original version of the 757, called a 757-200 series, including the American jet involved in Tuesday's incident. The first one was delivered to Eastern Airlines in 1982, and the last went to Shanghai Airlines in 2005, according to Boeing's website. Boeing began making a larger version of the 757 in the late 1990s.
Goglia said the 757 is "a rock solid airplane" that has proven to be reliable.


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text:
Left knee injury likely to end Machado's season
Youngster hurt after awkwardly landing on first base in seventh inning
ST. PETERSBURG -- The Orioles are expected to be without Manny Machado for the remainder of the season after the third baseman exited Monday's 5-4 loss to the Rays with a left knee injury that resulted in him being carted off the field.
"Manny's pretty down, as you can imagine," manager Buck Showalter said of the 21-year-old Machado, who had an X-ray taken immediately at Tropicana Field and will have more tests, including an MRI, done in Baltimore on Tuesday. "Somehow, they couldn't get the [X-ray] film developed here after they took the pictures. Doctors weigh in on something they shouldn't be, quite frankly. I've heard some early prognosis, but I think they should wait until they get all the tests back. Everybody needs to be quick to paint something negatively.
"But Manny will play for the Baltimore Orioles again at a very high level, and I'm real proud of him. Unfortunately, things happen when you're playing a game at breakneck speed like these guys try to again today."
Machado hit a one-out single to second base and his left leg hit the first-base bag funny, and he immediately fell down to the ground writhing in pain. The O's trainers came out after first-base coach Wayne Kirby signaled, and the 21-year-old Machado stayed on the ground, screaming in pain. The Rays' team physician also came out to look over Machado, who was loaded onto a stretcher and wheeled off to a standing ovation from the crowd.
"I just hurt for him," said Brian Roberts, who served as the designated hitter and was able to give Machado a hug in between innings. "You don't want to see it happen to anybody, but when you see what kind of a special player he is and special kid he is, [it's really tough]. But the great part is he is 21 years old. You've got to find a bright spot in it as best you can. You hate to hear people say -- certainly the injured person hates to hear people say - 'He'll come back and he'll be fine and this and that.' But they're not the ones going through rehab and not the ones dealing with it."
Roberts was part of an Orioles dugout, along with the Rays, that stood anxiously leaning against the railing in silence. One of the game's most promising young players, Machado was named to the American League All-Star team in his first full season and has started all 156 of Baltimore's games, giving the club Gold Glove-caliber defense and hitting an AL-leading 51 doubles. He owns a .283/.314/.432 line.
"That's horrible. Baltimore has really ascended over the last couple years, and he's really been a cornerstone of that whole thing," said Rays manager Joe Maddon, who speculated that Machado had possibly blown out his knee. "I hate to see that. He's a young man, tremendous talent. I don't know him that well, but I think he's got a great joy for the game also. So you hate to see that happen."
Showalter wasn't willing to publicly end Machado's season on Monday night, but with just six regular-season games left, he said getting Machado back "doesn't look very promising."
"I was first hoping that he had turned his ankle. Unfortunately, I had a pretty good angle of it," Showalter said of the injury, which preceded Alexi Casilla's head-on collision in the outfield.
"Certainly it hurts. It hurts, regardless of what it means for our team and our ability to win a game. That's kind of secondary. That's a guy who's been with us, in the big leagues, for over a year and a half it seems like. A season and a half. And Casi's as good a teammate as you'll ever have. Manny obviously has been a solid person for us as well [and was] obviously having a great year. He's having as good a year as you could possibly [hope] for, especially for a young player."
Machado, who was replaced by Casilla and then Danny Valencia, leaves the O's a sizable hole at third base, and Showalter said he would discuss things with executive vice president of baseball operations Dan Duquette before determining if the club needs to add another infielder before Tuesday's game.


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Peter Stastny bombshell: Avs-Blues trade "destroyed the team"
ST. LOUIS — Oh boy, Paul Stastny may have some 'splainin' to do on behalf of his old man.
Late tonight, I got word of some explosive comments Peter Stastny made about the Avalanche's blockbuster trade with the St. Louis Blues – two organizations Peter played for in his Hall of Fame career as a player, the most time spent, of course, with the Avs' former identity as the Quebec Nordiques.
What did Peter Stastny think of the Avs' trade of Chris Stewart and Kevin Shattenkirk, along with a second-round pick, to the Blues for Erik Johnson, Jay McClement and a first-rounder? Well, not too much really.
Here is the audio of the elder Stastny's bombshell comments to St. Louis radio station KMOX tonight.
And here is the transcript of what he said, in case you don't want to listen to the one-minute clip — but I encourage you to do so.
"This young team was ready to challenge, almost, for a Stanley Cup this season. They were so good. All they needed was some more chemistry, and some synergies. Instead, they destroyed the team. I mean, that was a one-way deal. Mr. Armstrong will look like a genius. I don't know what they were thinking in the Colorado organization. I should not have said this, but I'm so, so mad what they've done to this team. They've moved the team about two to three years back again."
So, do we think it might be a little awkward between Paul and Erik Johnson and Jay McClement in the next few days? Actually, maybe not. Stastny and Erik roomed together at the last Olympics, and one before that at the world championships. They're very good friends. I'm sure Paul will try to say something like "aw, my old man sometimes, you know how they can get …"
Then again, this is a HOF, franchise icon ripping to shreds the move of Greg Sherman for all the world to hear. And the commotion this is going to cause no doubt will be an uncomfortable distraction for people around the team.
We'll see how this plays out …


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Lot 1162
A Gents J.W. Benson - Tropical - chromed case wristwatch, gilded watch face with engraved and gilded chapter ring set with Roman numerals subsidiary seconds dial - Diameter of case not including Crown 34 mm - wear to chrome on a stainless steel bracelet and a Gents Everite Hercules Automatic wristwatch with black and steel face Condition report: Both running in auction


text:
The National Eagle Scout Association (NESA) is a fellowship of men who have achieved the Eagle Scout rank and who desire to use their efforts and influence toward forming the kind of young men America needs for leadership. The objective of NESA is "to serve Eagle Scout and, through them, the entire movement of Scouting."
Visit the official NESA Web site.


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Bull Run Cider produces craft hard cider at the foothills of the Oregon Coast Range in Forest Grove, Oregon. In making all of our ciders we begin with the apple as we believe this is the starting point for making the finest cider.
Join us on our mission to revive the once great American tradition of making, sharing and enjoying hard cider. Check out the history of Bull Run Cider to learn more about who we are as well as a little cider history.
We offer tours of our orchard and cidery as well as cider tastings by appointment. Get in touch with us to let us know when you would like to stop by.
Send us a note we'd love to hear from you!


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GT3 Architects: Placing people at the heart of our projects
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From parks designed to mitigate the effects of flooding to warming huts for one of the world's coldest cities, these projects have been designed for increasingly extreme climates
From parks designed to mitigate the effects of flooding to warming huts for one of the world's coldest cities, these projects have been designed for increasingly extreme climates
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text:
PCL-HRCS is ready to start! The two developers that will be working on 3D technologies for driver-assistance systems are:
- Aitor Aldoma, from Vienna University of Technology, will be working on 3D face orientation. Aitor has been working on techniques for object recognition and 6DOF pose alignment out of point cloud data for PCL in the past, such as CVFH.
- Alex Trevor, from Georgia Institute of Technology, will be working on non-ground extraction from point cloud data. Alex has developed various real-time segmentation methods for planar components as part of PCL.
We would like to thank all the other candidates for their excellent proposals! We already started following up with each of them individually, as there are many more sprints to come!
[Note: the new blogging page for HRCS will be up within the next few days at http://pointclouds.org/blog/hrcs/.]


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text:
UH College of Education Dean accepts Portland State postUniversity of Hawaiʻi
UH Manoa Chancellor's Office
Randy Hitz, Dean of the UH Mānoa College of Education, has announced that he has accepted an appointment as Dean of the Graduate School of Education at Portland State University in Oregon.
In his letter to colleagues, the dean cited family considerations as a factor in deciding to move to the mainland. It is expected that Dean Hitz will remain at Mānoa until after the current semester.
"Dean Hitz has done a remarkable job to elevate the College of Education to prominence among the country's teacher education programs," said Mānoa Chancellor Denise Konan, "and his leadership will be missed. The college has been ranked regularly in the US News and World Report listings as among the nation's top 100 such schools," she added, "and the Dean has positioned the school for future growth and excellence in the years ahead."
"Under Randy Hitz's leadership, UH Mānoa's College of Education received national professional accreditation for the first time," noted UH President David McClain. "He's worked tirelessly to support the P-20 effort, helping to reinvent and support Hawaiʻi's public schools and more firmly establish early childhood education in our state. Both the University and the State have benefited greatly from his expertise and wisdom."
Dean Hitz's letter to colleagues follows:
COE Faculty, Staff, Students, Alumni Association Board members, and Advisory Committee members
I am writing to announce that I have accepted the position of Dean of the Graduate School of Education at Portland State University. The exact date for my departure from Hawaii has not yet been set, but it will likely be in July.
My decision is based on family concerns. Both of my children moved to Seattle recently and started businesses there. The businesses are going well so, my children are likely to stay in Seattle which is within easy driving distance from Portland. This move will make it possible for Lynn and me to be better connected with family in the Northwest as well as with our parents and family members in other parts of the country. I love Hawaii, and the Dean position in the COE is a great one. However, Lynn and I simply could not pass up the opportunity to live nearer to our family.
I believe the COE is in good shape and is ready for the NCATE accreditation visit next year. We are nationally ranked. Enrollments, graduation rates, and grant receipts are all steady or increasing. Our faculty and staff FTE are back up where they should be, up nearly 20% since1998, the low point.
It has been my privilege to work in Hawaii and particularly at the University of Hawaii. The College of Education is a wonderful college with some of the most competent, dedicated, and nicest people anywhere. Throughout my eight years in Hawaii I have been constantly impressed by the creativity and hard work they apply to improving education in Hawaii and throughout the world. The citizens of Hawaii should be proud of their college.
The support of the UH administration, policy makers, our advisory committee members, and our Alumni Association is extraordinary. I could not have asked for better support for the COE or for myself. The advances of the college in the last few years are in large part due to the support of these groups.
Thanks to all of you for allowing me to represent you over the last eight years. It has been a pleasure and a privilege which I will cherish all my life. It is truly with mixed emotions that I make this announcement. You have greatly enriched my life and I hope that I have contributed in some positive way to yours.


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Former Baltimore County school superintendent Joe A. Hairston signed employment contracts before he retired with two top aides that would pay them nearly a half-million dollars in severance if his successor fired them when bringing in his own leadership team.
Dallas Dance, the new superintendent, sought to replace those employees when he took over this month and posted job openings for an assistant superintendent of human resources and chief of communications. And instead of letting them go — and paying a total of $459,853 and the cost of their benefits — Dance has reassigned them.
The school administrators union has characterized the contracts signed by Hairston as "unusual," and the situation has raised questions about whether the contracts are valid.
"Clearly, he was trying to protect some people here," said Thomas J. Dolina, an attorney for Baltimore County's Council for Administrative and Supervisory Employees Inc., the administrators' union.
The July 2011 contracts state that "the superintendent of schools may not terminate this employment contract for any other cause other than gross misconduct." Even if the school system were forced to lay off other employees for budget reasons, the two would have to be paid their full salaries and benefits for the length of the contract.
If the superintendent does break the agreement, the contract says, then the school system must pay out the salary and benefits for the remainder of the contract. Donald Peccia, the human resources head, earns $158,652 a year and has two more years on his contract; Phyllis Reese, the chief of communications, earns $142,549 and has one more year.
On Tuesday, the school board approved the transfer of Peccia to be a social studies teacher at Woodlawn High School and Reese to become a "distribution, copy and print specialist." Charles Herndon, a spokesman for the school system, said Reese and Peccia continue to earn their current salaries.
Hairston declined Friday to discuss the contracts, saying they are personnel issues. "Those are confidential matters. I think Don Peccia or people in the system need to talk about it. I am retired now," he said. Hairston left his post July 1 after the board voted last fall not to give him another four-year contract.
School board President Lawrence Schmidt said the board did not vote on the contracts for Peccia and Reese. The board is required to vote on expenditures greater than $25,000, but the contracts for Peccia and Reese do not specify dollar amounts. The contracts were signed by Hairston on behalf of the county board of education.
"If Dr. Peccia or Phyllis Reese assert that they have a valid contract, then I will refer it to legal counsel because of the circumstances in which they were done," Schmidt said.
It is unclear whether Reese and Peccia will contest their reassignments. Neither returned phone calls and emails asking for comment.
The school system released the contracts in response to a public information act request by The Baltimore Sun.
The contracts are atypical for two reasons. School systems generally do not give multiyear contracts to anyone other than the superintendent because top administrators work at the pleasure of the superintendent and can be laid off at any time, according to those familiar with school system contracts.
"It is unusual for them to have contracts that would protect them from being fired," said John Desmone, the executive director of the Council for Administrative and Supervisory Employees. "It is not unusual for them to be fired."
Judith S. Bresler, an attorney who specializes in education, said, "In my experience, it is still unusual for top staff to have individual contracts, although in the past few years, I have, on occasion, seen similar documents, usually in the form of a letter of agreement or a memorandum of understanding."
Bresler also said contracts typically specify salary, and the agreements with Peccia and Reese do not. "I have never seen one that did not include salary," she said. "In fact, the purpose is usually to memorialize the agreed-upon salary and benefits."
The school board routinely votes on all appointments to administrative positions, and it approved Peccia and Reese when they were originally hired. Peccia was hired in October 2004, and Reese was hired in November 2009.
But Schmidt said the new contracts "didn't come before the board for approval. I was personally unaware of the existence of those documents at the time they were signed."
The board has allowed Dance to pick his own top-level staff.
"We believe the superintendent has the right to surround himself with the senior staff that he deems appropriate. Ultimately, he will be held accountable" for the work those employees do, Schmidt said.
Schmidt said that in light of the contracts, he talked with Dance about providing the board with more information on hires.
"Dr. Dance has agreed that the Board should have full information about any new hire into senior staff positions; including compensation, educational background and experience; as well as a complete job description and explanation of that person's place in the organizational chart," he said in an email.
Dolina said that no employees in the bargaining unit of 900 administrative employees, under the Council for Administrative and Supervisory Employees, have a contract that is similar to the one that Peccia and Reese received.
Herndon said in a statement that Dance will bring to the board a standardized annual contract for all top-level administrators, so that all employees are treated equally. Herndon released the statement on behalf of Dance.
Dance has hired one new employee so far, Kevin Hobbs, a former top administrator from Wake County, N.C., who became deputy superintendent here. They worked together in the Houston public school system.
Hobbs is second-in-command of the school system, taking the place of Renee Foose, who left this month to become superintendent of Howard County schools. Hobbs' hire was approved by the school board Tuesday night; he will be paid $185,000. He was not given a contract.


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Story highlights
- Some reports say that a liberal arts education in the U.S. is losing luster
- Eric Liu: Kids are missing out on a golden pathway to power, purpose
- He says the rush to "practical" majors stem from anxiety about falling behind
- Liu: Just look at Steve Jobs, who valued humanities and creativity over coding
Forty years ago, English was the top major at Yale. Today it's not even in the top five. History majors there have fallen by more than half in the last decade. At Harvard, humanities majors fell from 14% of students in 1966 to 7% in 2010.
And it's not just the Ivies. Every month there seems to be a new report on how liberal arts and the humanities are disappearing from American colleges and universities. Academics everywhere are asking each other anxiously what they can do to reverse the decline.
But they're asking the wrong people the wrong question. Instead of talking mainly to other elites, champions of a well-rounded liberal arts education should be speaking directly and more creatively to the public.
The question they should be asking is this: Do you realize you are missing out on a golden pathway to influence and purpose?
And this: Do you realize you're going to need us soon to rescue the United States?
This is brave talk, I know, considering that the share of students majoring in the humanities has been shrinking dramatically. The reasons are well known and seemingly unstoppable: As higher education has gotten far more expensive, parents and legislators demand better "return on investment." The greater the focus on ROI, the more attention is paid to "strategic" fields with obvious employment prospects, like business and computer science.
And the more that happens, the less interest there is in fields like English, philosophy and, as President Obama himself mockingly noted, art history.
I have nothing against the STEM fields of science, technology, engineering and math. Nor do I think a business or marketing degree is inherently useless. But the rush to "practical" education, which has accelerated since the Great Recession, arises not so much from optimism about what science and technology can do for our country but from anxiety about falling behind in a time of severe inequality.
When a society like America becomes ever more winner-takes-all, panic starts to set in. People obsess over declines in relative status. They forget why we educate children. They forget what made (and can still make) our country exceptional.
A liberal arts education has its roots, etymologically and otherwise, in the requirements of liberty: what it takes to be a self-governing citizen rather than a slave. To be a citizen of a country like the United States you should be literate in the humanities as well as the sciences, in the arts as well as accounting. Illiteracy is risky. Willful illiteracy is civic malpractice.
To disparage liberal arts, as politicians often do, is to disparage citizenship itself. And though it may seem populist to champion so-called practical fields, there's nothing more elitist than saying that most people can't benefit from a liberal arts education.
This is why it's frustrating how poorly some humanities champions make their case, especially when they do so on terms set by the very marketplace that devalues them.
It is true -- perhaps surprisingly -- that liberal arts majors, during their peak earning years, make more money than people who studied pre-professional fields. But I believe those who study the humanities also end up being great citizens, leaders and creators.
A humanities education offers very few skills except for those that can't be automated. A humanities education offers very little job security except for the ability to adapt to changing circumstances.
You should study history only if you're interested in how people exercise power over one another.
You should study literature only if you're interested in understanding the motivations of your friends, family, colleagues and competitors.
You should study art and art history only if you're interested in seeing patterns others don't or can't.
You should study theater only if you're interested in knowing how to read and send cues in social situations.
You should stud


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These games teach valuable skills and have a high fun and educational rating.
Your child develops matching skills by clicking on the clown face on the right which matches the clown face on the left. Your child can tell which clown faces are similar by the expressions on their faces.
Zoodles 11.8.7 Copyright (c) 2014 Inquisitive Minds, Inc. All rights reserved.


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In its 11th year, The Quail: A Motorsports Gathering has become known for showcasing the best of classic automobiles from every marque imaginable. From a gorgeous 1961 Aston Martin DB4GT Zagato to a rare 1965 De Tomaso P70 Prototype, you are guaranteed to see a plethora of the world's most beautiful cars.
To celebrate the 911's 50th anniversary, we selected five of the most striking, rare and desirable Porsches at Quail. As one of the most prestigious events of Monterey Car Week, we also made sure to capture other beauties and rare examples placed across the lawn. In no particular order, enjoy the below selections.
1959 Porsche 356 1600 Super
Owner: Leonard & Sue Cheney
With a Nardi GT steering wheel, eight day mechanical windup clock, Speedster seats, Rudge knock-off wheels (which according to the owner cost around $35000), stunning black finish and the fact that this is the last year of the tub body style, it is obvious why this beautifully maintained coupe stuck out. After seeing the 1600 Super at a car show, the Porsche-crazy owner told the then current owner that he would buy whenever he was willing to sell. Two weeks later, Cheney received a call and the rest is history.
1973 Porsche 911 Carrera RS Lightweight 2.7L
Owner: Paul Pflugfelder
This wonderfully green and white 911 Carrera RS Lightweight 2.7L stopped us dead in our tracks. Around 200 Lightweights were produced, making this particular car very desirable and rare. Originally a French-delivered car, Pflugfelder is the third owner. The steel front bumper, as opposed to fiberglass, and the yellow headlights are the telltale signs that this car was originally from France. The reason for the yellow headlights was due to a lack of clear lenses in France at the time.
1974 Porsche 911 RSR Iroc: "The Emerson Fittipaldi Car"
Owner: Dennis Kranz
How could you resist this yellow RSR? With the word "Fittipaldi" displayed across the body and window we had to hear the history behind it. Built for a 1973 racing series showcasing the best from around the world and put together by Roger Penske, this 911 was one of 12 to be raced. And although Fittipaldi qualified on pole for the inaugural race, a late arrival to the drivers meeting caused him to start at the back of the field. That was the only race this RSR made in addition to various other series before it sat for a number of years. Recently restored, Kranz purchased the car and has shown it at Amelia Island taking home an award for the historic significance of the car. It is no wonder this RSR Iroc had a special place at this year's Quail.
1955 Porsche 550 Spyder RS
Owner: The Ingram Collection
Not only is this convertible 550 RS stunning but it is also happens to be one of the most iconic Porsches of all time. Made particularly famous by James Dean's passing while driving a 550 Spyder, this one is owned and cared for by a family of Porsche enthusiasts. It was raced by Paul Sagan who took home six first place finishes, further adding to the historical significance of this car. With only 90 made, this silver beauty is chassis #73.
1952 Porsche America Roadster
Owner: The Ingram Collection
Owned by the same family as the car above, this curvy red Roadster kept us wanting more with a racing history and OEM features that car collectors search out. With only 16 produced, this was Porsche's first built racecar (chassis #9). It features original paint, interior, and only 9000 original miles.
Josie Von Neumann, stepdaughter of John Von Neumann who was the Porsche distributor for Southern California, drove this car. Racing in a 1950's female class, she was actually skilled enough to race with the boys but because of unequal treatment of women at the time she raced in her designated class. And if you thought segregation of women was enough to keep her down, think again - she won four races.
Each of these stunning and incredible examples of Porsche above represents some of the most unique and desirable of the German automaker. But Porsche was not the only marque to showcase the 'best of' examples at this year's Quail. Below you will find a photo gallery of other cars that caught our attention. Comment below to tell us your favorites and let us know what you would like to see from next year's Quail: A Motorsports Gathering.


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COVID-19 // Please note that paper pattern orders will ship every Monday // No delay for PDF orders and customer service is 100% available during regular business hours // STAY SAFE EVERYONE!
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Spring 2020 classes have resumed online.Please visit
dcccd.edu/coronavirus for additional information and to
learn how to prepare for online classes.
Students can learn the value of service and their ability to make a difference; classroom learning is enhanced and they become lifelong volunteers. Agencies and schools gain invaluable people-power, fresh ideas and energy, and client needs are met. Reflection ensure that student learning objectives are met.
In your role as a community partner supervisor, it is essential that you help students reflect on their experiences - help them think critically about what they are doing, why it is important, and what it means.
The following are a few examples of how you can help students reflect:


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Pierre Gassendi
Born: 22 January 1592 in Champtercier, Provence, France
Died: 24 October 1655 in Paris, France
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Pierre Gassendi's parents were Françoise Fabry and Antoine Gassend. Note that the fact there is no "i" on the end of Gassend is not a misprint. In fact Pierre Gassendi was actually given the name Pierre Gassend and only later used the now familiar Gassendi form. The family were peasant farmers, but there is some suggestion that Antoine may have owned the land he farmed which would mean the family were not too poor. Pierre spent his childhood in the village of Champtercier. He was quite a frail child but showed an enthusiasm for reading and writing at a young age. His uncle, Thomas Fabry, was the parish priest and he gave the young Pierre a good educational grounding.
When Pierre was seven years old he was sent to school in Digne, a much larger town across the valley about 10 km from Champtercier. There he learnt Latin and arithmetic and, except for a year spent at school in Riez, he remained in Digne until 1607 [5]:-
At the age of eleven he so impressed the Bishop of Digne with an oration delivered in Latin at the church in Champtercier that the Bishop is said to have declared that "this child will one day be the marvel of his century." On the secular side, during his last two years at school in Digne the young Gassendi composed prosimetric farces in Latin for his fellow schoolboys to perform in the large houses of the town.In 1607, Gassendi left school in Digne and returned to his native village of Champtercier where he spent the next two years. Then in the autumn of 1609 he went to the University of Aix-en-Provence to study philosophy under Père Philibert Fesaye. He clearly was an exceptional student for when Fesaye was absent he asked Gassendi to take the lecture in his place. From 1611, Gassendi studied theology under Professor Raphaelis and, as part of the course, he learnt Greek and Hebrew. While he was studying at Aix, his father Antoine Gassend died (in 1611).
Gassendi was Principal at the College of Digne from April 1612 to 1614. He received a doctorate in theology from the University of Avignon in 1614 and was ordained one year later. He had already been appointed to the minor role of Chanoine of the Cathedral in Digne in 1614. He held this post until 1634 when he was elevated to the higher-ranking position of Prévôt. In April 1615 Gassendi left Provence for the first time, spending the period from April to November in Paris. He had gone there to resolve a dispute concerning his position at Digne, He returned to Aix where he spent the winter of 1615-16, then conducted his first mass in 1616.
In 1617 both the Chair of Philosophy and the Chair of Theology fell vacant at the University of Aix-en-Provence. Gassendi applied for both chairs and was offered both. He chose the Chair of Philosophy, giving the Chair of Theology to his former teacher Père Philibert Fesaye. This appointment as professor of philosophy at the University of Aix was in addition to the positions he held in the cathedral in Digne, which we mentioned above. Gassendi spent six years at Aix where he met Nicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc (1580-1637) who became his patron, supporting him financially for many years. Peiresc had attended lectures by Galileo on astronomy and had become so interested that he set up an observatory in 1610. He employed Joseph Gaultier to work for him there and the two were the first people to observe the Orion Nebula in 1610. When Gassendi arrived in Aix he lived at the house of Joseph Gaultier whom he described as having [9]:-
... no difficulty in equalling all the ancient and modern philosophers and mathematicians.Jean-Baptiste Morin also lived in Gaultier's house for he had been employed by Peiresc to assist Gaultier in making observations. Later Morin and Gassendi would become involved in a public dispute but at this stage they were good friends. Gassendi quickly learnt astronomy from Gaultier and so Peiresc also employed Gassendi as part of the team to assist in his project of computing the times of the four moons of Jupiter. We also have records of Gassendi and Gaultier observing a comet in 1618, an eclipse of the moon in 1620, and an eclipse of the sun in 1621.
Gassendi's position at the University of Aix only lasted until 1623 when the Jesuit order took control of the university and he was forced to leave. This was not because the Jesuits had any particular objection to the material that Gassendi was teaching, rather it was just that they dismissed all those who were not Jesuits. He did not hold any further academic posts until 1645 when he was appointed professor of mathematics at the Collège Royale in Paris. However, there is over twenty years of Gassendi's career to look at before we reach that point. His first move on being dismissed from his chair was to travel to Grenoble where he remained until July 1624 after which he resided in Digne. While teaching at Aix he had included his objections to the philosophy of Aristotle in his lectures and he had decided to publish this material. He published Exercitationes I, the first of seven projected volumes of Exercises in the form of paradoxes against the Aristotelians, in Grenoble in 1624. He wrote (see for example [9]):-
I always made sure that my students could defend Aristotle properly. But at the same time, I also provided as appendices doctrines that would undercut Aristotle's dogmas. Indeed, given the place, the characters and the times, it was necessary to do the former. But not to omit the latter was a matter of candour because those doctrines provided true reason for withholding ascent. ... [I] began to examine the doctrines of other sects to find out whether they might offer something sounder. Although I found perplexities everywhere, none of the doctrines impressed me more than the lauded akatalepsia of the Academics and Pyrrhonians.Gassendi first met Mersenne in October 1623 when he visited Paris. He took with him an introduction from Peiresc and soon Gassendi and Mersenne became good friends. Through Mersenne, Gassendi quickly became acquainted with many leading scholars. From that time on until Mersenne's death in 1648, whenever Gassendi was in Paris he would visit Mersenne and the two would celebrate mass together. Mersenne later tried to persuade him to give up mathematics and theology in favour of philosophy. After returning to Provence from Paris, Gassendi wrote to Galileo with strong support for his argument that the earth revolves round the sun. Gassendi had been intending to produce six further volumes of his Exercitationes but at this time he decided to give up the project. He spent the period between 1625 and 1628 at Grenoble, Aix and Digne. In May 1628 he again travelled to Paris and through his contacts with Peiresc became friendly with François Luillier, the Dupuy brothers, and others from their circle. Pierre and Jacques Dupuy were librarians at the Bibliothèque du Roi, which dated back to the fourteenth century. It had been moved to Paris between 1567 and 1593, and catalogued in 1622. Pierre and Jacques Dupuy travelled throughout France amassing books and manuscripts for the library and, after Gassendi met the brothers, he worked at their library undertaking research on Epicurus.
He spent a few months in the Netherlands, travelling there in December 1628. It was to be his only trip outside France and he travelled widely throughout the country. His work Examination of the philosophy of the doctor Robert Fludd was first published in Holland in 1629. It had been written at Mersenne's request to present the arguments against Fludd's philosophy. In 1632 Gassendi published Mercury seen on the face of the sun, which described his observations of the transit of Mercury which he observed from Paris in November 1631 following the prediction of the event by Kepler in 1629. Gassendi had used a telescope to project the image of the sun onto paper, and so was able to observe the transit. Gassendi continued to publish works on philosophy and astronomy. He believed in atomism and defended a mechanistic explanation of nature, as for example in On the apparent magnitude of the sun on the horizon and overhead (1635). Life became more difficult for Gassendi after his patron Peiresc died in 1637. Although Peiresc left books and mathematical instruments to Gassendi in his will, Peiresc's nephew refused to let Gassendi have them. Gassendi went on to write a biography of Peiresc, published in 1641; it is generally considered the first biography of a scholar. Gassendi later wrote biographies of Copernicus, Puerbach and Regiomontanus.
Mersenne asked Gassendi to review Descartes' Meditations which he did producing Objections in 1641. Descartes did not take kindly to Gassendi's criticisms and replied with a stinging attack in Responses. Gassendi was not going to allow matters to rest there, and replied again, this time with Instantiae which began to circulate in Paris in 1642. Battle lines were drawn, and the two argued their cases in a very public debate. This was not the only public debate that Gassendi was carrying out at this time. The other was with Morin who insisted that the earth was at the centre of the universe. Gassendi was a firm believer in the system of Copernicus and Galileo, and the argument with Morin led to him thinking deeply about the scientific case for a sun centred system. In 1642 Gassendi published On the motion impressed by a moving mover. This book was written to argue against those who claimed that the way heavy bodies fell to the earth proved that the earth could not be moving. He had been saddened by the trial of Galileo in 1633, but had continued to give his full support to Galileo's theories. The year of 1642 when this book was published was actually the year in which Galileo died following nine years of house arrest. Several attacks on this work of Gassendi resulted in his publishing further work supporting the arguments of Galileo entitled On the proportion by which heavy bodies are accelerated.
In 1645, on the recommendation of Cardinal Richelieu, Gassendi was offered the Chair of Mathematics at the Collège Royale in Paris. Although normally an appointment by the king, at this time Louis XIV was only seven years old, and his duties were being carried out by advisors. Gassendi's health was rather poor by this stage in his life, being troubled by a lung complaint. He accepted the Chair of Mathematics on the condition that he would be able to return to Provence when his health was too poor to remain in Paris; he was appointed with this being accepted. He gave his inaugural lecture on 23 November 1645, with Cardinal Richelieu in the audience. He carried out his duties very successfully, lecturing on astronomical topics and carrying out astronomical research. He was assisted by Jean Picard who was an outstanding astronomer. They observed a solar eclipse on 21 August 1645, and lunar eclipses in 1646 and 1647. The results of Gassendi's observations and his lectures were written up and published as Institutio astronomica juxta hypotheseis tam veterum, quam Copernici et Tychonis in 1647. Also in 1647 he published Syntagma Philosophicum which was translated into English and published as Three Discourses of Happiness, Virtue and Liberty in 1699. This English translations begins as follows:-
Mankind having a natural inclination to be happy, the main bent and design of all his actions and endeavours tend chiefly that way. It is therefore an undeniable truth that happiness, or a life free from pain and misery, are such things as influence and direct all our actions and purposes and to the obtaining of them.As he had feared, Gassendi began to find that his health was making it very difficult for him to continue teaching so, as the conditions of his appointment allowed, he left for Provence in 1648. He spent the following years partly in Digne and partly in Toulon; the latter he found particularly good for his health. In 1649 he published Philosophiae Epicuri Syntagma containing his work on Epicurus. Lisa T Sarasohn begins the Preface of [11] as follows:-
It took the French priest and philosopher Pierre Gassendi more than twenty-five years to complete his project of rehabilitating Epicurus and transforming the philosophy of the ancient atomist into his own system.On 19 September 1648, Florin Périer and some friends performed an experiment suggested by Blaise Pascal on the summit of Puy de Dôme. They found that the height of a mercury column at the summit is 85 mm less than in Clermont-Ferrand 1000 metres below. Despite Gassendi's lung troubles, he was able to climb a mountain on 5 February 1650 with his assistant François Bernier and confirm the findings of the Puy de Dôme experiment. Gassendi remained in Provence until the spring of 1653 when he felt well enough to return to Paris with his assistant François Bernier. He found a circle of mathematical friends, some old some new, including Ismael Boulliau, Blaise Pascal, Gilles de Roberval and Girard Desargues. They met on Saturday mornings, and probably due to their influence, Gassendi produced an anonymous pamphlet attempting to reassure the people of Paris that the predicted eclipse on 12 August 1654 would not lead to a disaster. He was not entirely successful as many of the inhabitants of Paris hid in their cellars on the day the eclipse was predicted. During this period he also published a number of other works, but in November 1654 he became seriously ill. When the better weather came in the following spring he recovered a bit but in August 1655 he became seriously ill again. He was bled by doctors and this, not surprisingly, left him much weaker. He pleaded with doctors not to bleed him again but they continued to administer their 'cure'. He died at the home of Henri-Louis Habert de Montmor, who had been his patron during his final spell in Paris. He was buried in the Montmor chapel at Saint Nicolas-des-Champs. His Complete Works were published in six volumes three years after his death.
Antonia Lolordo writes:-
Gassendi's first biographers more or less agree about his character. They describe him as gentle, easy-going, sociable, candid, and - importantly for someone dependent on patronage and the good will of other intellectuals - humble.
Article by: J J O'Connor and E F Robertson
Click on this link to see a list of the Glossary entries for this page
List of References (17 books/articles)
A Poster of Pierre Gassendi
Mathematicians born in the same country
Honours awarded to Pierre Gassendi
(Click the link below for those honoured in this way)
|Lunar features
|Crater Gassendi and Rimae Gassendi
|Paris street names
|Rue Gassendi (14th Arrondissement)
Cross-references in MacTutor
- History Topics: Light through the ages: Ancient Greece to Maxwell
- Paris Academy of Sciences
Other Web sites
- Dictionary of Scientific Biography
- Encyclopaedia Britannica
- The Galileo Project
- Kevin Brown
- The Catholic Encyclopedia