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Home > Privacy Policy
Privacy Policy
By using this website, you agree to the terms of this privacy statement. When you apply for or request specific RMS services (such as subscriptions to email and newsletters) we will collect personal identifiable information related to the purpose and use of that service, which we will use to provide the services requested. We will never disclose your personal identifiable information to third parties for the purposes of allowing them to market to you. RMS (SewonCellontech) operates globally, and this means we will transfer your personal identifiable information to other countries, including countries outside the European Economic Area (such as the United States). If you do not want your personal identifiable information transferred in this manner, please do not provide it to us on the website. As you navigate through this website we will collect anonymous information about you and your activities during your visit. This is collected automatically. This information includes navigational data and web server logs, and may include (but is not limited to) information such as your IP address, the version of both your browser and operating system, and the URL of the website you just came from. Information about our use of cookies Our website uses cookies to distinguish you from other users of our website. This helps us to provide you with a good experience when you browse our website and also allows us to improve our website. A cookie is a small file of letters and numbers that we store on your browser or the hard drive of your computer if you agree. Cookies contain information that is transferred to your computer's hard drive. The cookies we use are either "analytical" cookies, or "session" cookies. Analytical cookies allow us to recognise and count the number of visitors and to see how you and other visitors move around the website. This helps us to improve the way our website works, for example, by ensuring that users are finding what they are looking for easily. Session cookies allow us to remember you if you have been asked to log in to all or part of our website. Please note that our advertisers (including Google.com and its services such as YouTube) may also use cookies, over which we have no control. You block cookies by activating the setting on your browser that allows you to refuse the setting of all or some cookies. However, if you use your browser settings to block all cookies you may not be able to access all or parts of our website. Unless you have adjusted your browser setting so that it will refuse cookies, once you have opted in to accept our cookies, our system will issue cookies as soon you visit our website. General RMS (SewonCellontech Co., Ltd.) , registered office 6th FL. HP building 23-6, Yoido-dong, Youngdeungpo-gu, Seoul 150-724, Korea, is a holding company and is not an operating company. Therefore, products and services are provided exclusively by subsidiaries and not by RMS (SewonCellontech Co., Ltd.). With the exception of websites under our control, if this website is linked to from other websites, or if other websites are linked to from this website, RMS (SewonCellontech Co., Ltd.) does not endorse or have any responsibility for the content of such other websites, and RMS (SewonCellontech Co., Ltd.) shall not be liable for any damages or injury arising from the content (or the use of your data) of any other website. This privacy statement is subject to change, and RMS (SewonCellontech Co., Ltd.) will not proactively notify you of any such changes. It is your responsibility to ensure you visit this web page regularly to review any changes that may have been made since your previous visit. This agreement shall be governed by the laws of Republic of Korea and any disputes subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of the Korean courts. This statement was last updated on 10 March 2014. Copyright© 2014 RMS (SewonCellontech Co., Ltd.)


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We are reforming state and local policies and programs in California to better serve young people with mental health challenges, their families, and their communities.
Our attorneys engage in system reform litigation that increases access to quality community-based mental healthcare for thousands of young people in California and other Western states.
We are changing attitudes about mental illness and educating the public about the mental health needs of young people. We also train and assist youths, families, and their allies to effectively engage with decision-makers on policies and programs that affect their lives.
Breaking down barriers to mental healthcare for all young people and their families.
Promoting continuous quality improvement that relies on effective care to achieve positive outcomes.
Coordinating child-serving systems, interventions and funding to improve outcomes for youth.
Amplifying the voices of youth, caregivers, advocates and other stakeholders in mental health policy and programming.
Promoting a System of Care that sets clear outcome goals, measures and reports performance, provides useful and timely feedback, and rewards effective, quality care.

subset: commoncrawl


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1. The Cinchpack of Notre Dame
The pitch: A String-A-Sling backpack sold to tourists at the Notre Dame Cathedral is hired to kidnap the beautiful Esmeralda. The cinch pack ends up falling in love with Esmeralda and attempts to save her from her captors, at his own risk…
Why the film was never made: Producers claimed cinch packs weren't pitiful enough to inspire sympathy in audiences.
2. The Hills Have Ice
The pitch: Deranged ice scrapers descend from the hills to attack and cannibalize a family of innocent tourists. In the end, however, the ice scrapers feel remorse and decide to help the tourists by clearing the frost from their car windshield.
Why the film was never made: Producers argued that the ending was too postmodern for a box-office slasher.
3. Pirates of the Carabiner
The pitch: Keychain thieves hijack a college bookstore and take a pretty co-ed hostage, in hopes that her magic carabiner will free them from an ancient curse.
Why the film was never made: Studios felt the college football tailgating crowd was too small of a target audience.
4. Kites of the Living Dead
The pitch: Hordes of the undead wreak havoc on post-apocalyptic suburbia. After successfully turning all human survivors into zombies, they organize a worldwide day of kite flying that unites zombies in global peace… until the sequel.
Why the film was never made: Studios couldn't predict that in 2009 zombies would rival even vampires in popularity.
5. The Fan-tom of the Opera
The pitch: After her father dies, a singer at the Paris Opera House hears the sound of whirring fans when she sings. Finally, a ghostly figure of a fan emerges from the shadows and declares its love for her.
Why the film was never made: Producers were unable to cast a fan with a decent singing voice.
6. Poltermice
The pitch: Promotional mice begin communicating with a five-year-old girl in suburban California through static on the computer screen. Eventually they travel through the computer monitor and into the house. "They're here…"
Why the film was never made: Studios felt the story would be too traumatic for post-9/11 audiences. Maybe in 2010.


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Pocatello - LED Fireflies All Paint
Sunday, February 16,2020 4:00pm
Sunday, February 16,2020 from 4:00pm to 7:00pm
The Grape Van Gogh Pocatello
240 South Main Street, Pocatello ID 83204
Click here to see a detailed map
FAMILY PAINT in Pocatello
All ages are welcome. No alcohol allowed.
If an event does not say "sold out" then there is space.
Please arrive 15 minutes early. No refunds are given but reschedules can be made to another event with 48 hours of notice.
Everyone in attendance needs to have a ticket, slightly different from the kids paints on Saturday mornings where parents can watch. Happy Painting!
Event Instructor : Miranda
We're sorry, but this event's date has passed,
but please check the calendar for more upcoming classes like this one!


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Environmental groups contend district pollutes lake; district appeals issue of federal-state jurisdiction
Nine states and dozens of agencies and organizations have risen in support of the South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD) and U.S. government position in a federal court case involving state authority over state water resource management, according to Environment News Service.
Three environmental groups--Friends of the Everglades, Florida Wildlife Federation, and Fishermen Against Destruction of the Environment--all represented by Earthjustice, filed a lawsuit in 2002 seeking to require federal discharge permits for moving water through three district pump stations on the south shore of Lake Okeechobee. The groups contend that SFWMD pumps millions of gallons of polluted water coming off of half a million acres of sugar cane fields and cities into the lake.
"The discharge contaminates drinking water supplies and fertilizes toxic blue-green algae blooms," according to Earthjustice, which filed the suit demanding the district comply with water quality standards in the lake and obtain Clean Water Act permits for its discharges.
A federal district judge in Miami ruled on Dec. 11, 2006, that the district must comply with the Clean Water Act. And the district must apply for pollution permits to engage in pumping dirty water into the lake, according to a federal court injunction issued June 15, 2007. The district complied with the injunction but filed an appeal regarding the issue of federal-state jurisdiction.
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permits are most commonly used "to regulate point-source discharges, such as from industrial activities or municipal waste operations," the district said. State water quality programs are used to regulate all other discharges, such as water transfers to provide for flood control, water supply, environmental restoration and other public needs.
"This NPDES case has implications that could impair water resources management across the nation," said SFWMD Governing Board Chairman Eric Buermann, according to the news service. "We are heartened by the breadth of support for the district's position that a state's water resources should continue to be managed by the individual states, as they have been since the Clean Water Act was written 35 years ago."
It is in regards to the the appeal that the nine states and federal agencies filed briefs in support of the district, aimed at emphasizing to the court the case's serious and widespread impact.
Representing a wide range of interests, the briefs came from the National League of Cities, the National Hydropower Association, the American Farm Bureau Federation, 23 water resource organizations and the Florida Department of Environmental Protection, according to the news service.
Briefs from the district and from the U.S. Department of Justice representing all federal agencies, including the Environmental Protection Agency, National Park Service, Fish and Wildlife Service, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Bureau of Reclamation and the Department of Agriculture were filed Dec. 14, 2007.
Over the next several months, more legal briefs will be prepared for the court, and oral arguments will be heard by a panel of three federal judges. The decision is expected in late 2008, the news service reported.


text: Updated 2016 Malta sits just off Sicily's southern tip in the Mediterranean Sea, so it's no surprise that its beaches are some of its main draws. Very little rain falls on Malta, so it's a popular spot to take a spa holiday or just lounge by the sea - especially since beach weather lasts well into October, when it's cooled off significantly in most of the rest of Europe. Read: Malta: A Small Nation With a Big Heart.


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Level: Intermediate
ISPE CEUs: 1.3
Type: Classroom Training Course
Current manufacturing challenges for OSD forms (tablets and capsules), that include Quality, Safety, and Productivity (QSP) continue to be paramount. This interactive course focuses on the quality controls, new technical advancements, production management and operational excellence for raw materials, processes and applications to improve manufacturing.
This classroom course examines current technology and provides scenario-based exercises for system troubleshooting and investigational events for process deviations, discusses quality management and GMP inspection preparation, and provides guidance on advanced asset lifecycle management strategy.
Using a Process and Production Video Simulation for Unit Ops, including Mixing, Blending, Drying, Sizing, Tableting, Encapsulating and Coating provides participants with a visual demonstration of current manufacturing and engineering practices. The simulation will vividly present real-time experiences for identifying and analyzing the problem to identify the root cause and present solutions. A case study for production related issues and concerns will also be utilized.
Technological advantages and opportunities, manufacturing strategy, innovative process and business development practices will be discussed along with a review of common problems in compliance, supply, and business management to address common concerns and issues with current manufacturing practice, for example, poor solubility of API and the impact assessment of the bioavailability of drug products, especially the efficacy of generic drug products to ensure the product is performing as intended.
The effectiveness of API controlled-release and drug product shelf-life require extensive knowledge of formulation development and mixing/blending processes and the knowledge of coasting application for quick release and delayed/controlled release of ingredient(s) will be reviewed.
Further, the course will emphasize the concepts of product, process, and protection (PPP) by applying right technology, right equipment and right quality management systems to align with the business unit operation. In addition, PAT (process analytical technology), MES (manufacturing execution system) and CMP (continuous manufacturing process) modular PLC (programmable process controller) and monitoring integration techniques will also be discussed and demonstrated.
Specific equipment types and technology used in modern manufacturing processes, for example, a discussion on granulation will include application criteria and technology advantages for different types of granulators (low shear, high shear, top drive, bottom drive, integrated processing trains) and typical challenges encountered during operation and scale-up will be reviewed.
Additional content includes a review of known techniques for process monitoring with particular emphasis on their utilization in scale-up and technology transfer; an analyzes of the necessary steps in the packaging operation to get from the finished tablet or capsule to the final filled and sealed container. Also covered will be an introduction to packaging equipment for tablet/capsule counting, capping, security seals and bands, labeling, blister packaging, and serialization will be discussed.
A competency test will be administered upon course completion.
Immediately apply the course learning objectives with the electronic download of the latest published ISPE Baseline Guide®: Oral Solid Dosage Forms, 3rd Edition you'll receive by attending this course.
Understand the three main OSD processing methods: Direct Compression, Wet Granulation and Dry Granulation and complete a detailed review of all the major unit operations associated with OSD manufacturing processes including: Ingredient Dispensing/Formulation; Blending; Granulation; Drying; Compression/Encapsulation; Coating; Packaging and Receiving/Warehousing Operations.
A comparison of technical approaches and the different methods for OSD drug product manufacturing to identify the types of OSD manufacturing equipment and the technology advancements for achieving higher performance.
An overview of product characteristics and how they dictate the unit operations method.
The ability to know how to effectively utilize process monitoring techniques during scale-up and technology transfer to advance the delivery of drug products.
A summary of the principles of QbD in OSD manufacturing processes and how GMPs influence unit operations and subsequent equipment design, production suite design, control and monitoring requirements.
An analysis of PAT, MES, CMP, PPP, and PLC.
Professionals working with the biotechnology, pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries (R&D, pilot plant and scale up manufacturing), equipment suppliers, warehousing and distribution, technology and engineering.
Professionals in quality management and those working with inspectors and regulatory agencies.
Individuals with significant expertise from another industry who need to learn about solid dosage operations and those with new solid dosage responsibilities that want to gain advanced understanding of manufacturing operations and equipment applications, packaging, warehousing, distribution, quality control and management.
This training course is of particular interest to existing and future members of the ISPE Oral Solid Dosage Community of Practice (COP).
|Daily Schedule at a Glance
|07:00 – 08:30
|Registration Open
|08:30 – 17:00
|Training Course
|10:30 – 11:00
|Refreshment Break
|12:00 – 13:00
|15:00 – 15:30
|Refreshment Break
Not paying by credit card? Use the registration form to pay by mail or by fax.
Group discount applies to Member/Nonmember rate only. To qualify, all registrant information must be submitted at the same time. Registrations that arrive later will NOT be eligible for the group discount. Cannot be combined with other offers. To register as a group, please contact ISPE by telephone, +1-813-960-2105 or by email, email@example.com.
|Daily Schedule at a Glance
|07:00 – 08:30
|Registration Open
|08:30 – 17:00
|Training Course
|10:30 – 11:00
|Refreshment Break
|12:00 – 13:00
|15:00 – 15:30
|Refreshment Break
Not paying by credit card? Use the registration form to pay by mail or by fax.
Group discount applies to Member/Nonmember rate only. To qualify, all registrant information must be submitted at the same time. Registrations that arrive later will NOT be eligible for the group discount. Cannot be combined with other offers. To register as a group, please contact ISPE by telephone, +1-813-960-2105 or by email, firstname.lastname@example.com.
Become a member today
Gain the knowledge and competitive edge you need to succeed in the pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical engineering industries and join more than 18,000 pharma professionals from around the world by becoming an ISPE Member.
Benefits include:


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November 26, 2012
Abstract : Over the past decade, the People's Republic of China has exhibited a growing interest in waging asymmetrical warfare. The purpose of this interest is chilling: to enable the PRC to win a war against the U.S. without firing a shot. To this end, the PRC is expanding potential areas of conflict from the purely military (i.e., involving the direct or indirect use of military forces) to the more political. Such expansion will be fueled by manipulation of public opinion, legal systems, and enemy leadership. It is essential that the United States counter the PRC's new soft-power surge not only by rebutting political attacks, but also by taking the offensive and promoting America's positions to a global audience.
Over the past decade, the People's Republic of China (PRC) has exhibited a growing interest in waging asymmetrical warfare. To this end, the PRC released an initial set of regulations regarding political warfare in December 2003, before updating them in 2010. These "political work regulations" for the People's Liberation Army (PLA) address the importance of waging "the three warfares": public opinion warfare, psychological warfare, and legal warfare.
The "three warfares" represent the PRC's commitment to expanding potential areas of conflict from the purely military (i.e., involving the direct or indirect use of military forces) to the more political. Such expansion will be fueled by manipulation of public opinion, legal systems, and enemy leadership. But unlike more traditional military conflict, the foundation for political warfare must be established during peacetime so as to create beneficial conditions and context for the military conflict and, in turn, precipitate an early end to a conflict on terms favorable to the PRC. Indeed, if waged successfully, political warfare allows one side to win without fighting.
In hopes of being able to alter the strategic context of any future U.S.-PRC confrontation, the PRC is improving its ability to influence both global and Chinese public opinion. If the United States does not counter Chinese political warfare efforts, it may well find that its access to the Western Pacific is endangered by a lack of regional support—long before American forces even begin moving toward the area. In order to avoid being outmaneuvered by a PRC intent on winning without firing a shot, the U.S. must strengthen its strategic communications, public diplomacy, and media outreach capabilities.
Comprehensive Power and Cultural Security
When the Chinese write about their conception of security, it is often couched in terms of "comprehensive national power [zonghe guojia liliang]." This concept argues that a nation should be judged not simply by its military, economic, or diplomatic power, but by a combination of all of three, as well as its scientific and technological base and its cultural influence.
Consequently, the PRC considers many seemingly unrelated activities essential to Chinese security. China's space capabilities, for example, contribute to Chinese comprehensive national power, not only by placing Chinese satellites and astronauts into space to obvious military and political effect, but also by fostering scientific and technical expertise and enhancing China's economy. Space capabilities also serve as evidence of China's growing technological prowess and scientific, industrial, and military capability and are therefore considered an important element of public diplomacy.
At the same time, however, China's growing interaction with the rest of the world has given rise to concerns about the PRC's "cultural security." In late 2011, Chinese leader Hu Jintao gave a speech in which he noted that on the international scene, one characteristic of the competition in comprehensive national power is the growing prominence of culture: "Many major nations have sought to expand their range of cultural soft-power as a means of increasing core national competitiveness."[1] As the speech goes on to note, this has meant that "international hostile forces are intensifying the strategic plot of Westernizing and dividing China, and ideological and cultural fields are the focal areas of their long-term infiltration."[2] The cultural competition is seen not simply as the proliferation of Western videos and entertainment, but as an aspect of ideological struggle.
This question of "cultural security" is fueled by two elements. The first issue is the residue of what the Chinese term "the Century of Humiliation," during which China was bullied and exploited by foreign powers. There is a concern that, despite its economic rise and growing military prowess, China remains subject to foreign influences that will undermine its culture. As one Chinese observer has noted, "as an importer of cultural products, ideas, and technologies since the 19th Century, China has every reason to worry about its cultural identity."[3] China has long demonstrated less confidence in its cultural security and identity than, for example, its Japanese neighbors.
The second issue driving these concerns about "cultural security" is the PRC's belief that Chinese cultural products are not given a "fair shake." For example, Chinese articles lamented that Zhang Yimou's "Flowers of War," starring Christian Bale and believed to be the most expensive movie yet made in China, was not even nominated for the Oscar for best foreign film[4] Some believe that this was because of pressure to deny China its due recognition. Conversely, awarding the Nobel Peace Prize to Chinese dissident Liu Xiaobo is seen as using the award to criticize China.
The Three Warfares: Winning Without Firing a Shot
There is a military aspect to the PRC's focus on public opinion, embodied in the concept of "the three warfares." Chinese military writings emphasize the importance of influencing global public opinion so as to coerce opponents into compliance without having to go to war and to influence an enemy's leadership, domestic population, and military in the event of conflict, as well as to garner international support.
Chinese writings suggest that Beijing has accorded ever greater importance to public opinion since the Balkan conflicts of the 1990s, when NATO's aerial bombardment and public diplomacy combined to undermine Slobodan Milosevic—a combination that was equally as effective during the 2003 Iraq war. Indeed, the ability of coalition forces to undermine popular support for the Milosevic and Saddam Hussein regimes, influence global views, and preserve domestic support are seen by the PRC as key factors in the outcome of each conflict.
Such an ability to influence popular will and shape perceptions, according to PLA writings, constitutes political combat styles under informationalized conditions (xinxi tiaojian xia de zhengzhi xing zuozhan yangshi). These styles are codified for the PLA in the "People's Liberation Army Political Work Regulations" as the "three warfares": public opinion warfare, psychological warfare, and legal warfare[5] They employ the range of national resources, including military, civilian, and hard and soft power, guided by the overall military strategy, to secure the political initiative and psychological advantage over an opponent, debilitating one's opponent while strengthening one's own will and securing support from third parties[6]
The "Three Warfares"
As noted in a previous Heritage Foundation Backgrounder on legal warfare, public opinion warfare is one of the "three warfares" (san zhan), the third being psychological warfare[7] Chinese analyses almost always link these three types of combat together, as they are seen as interrelated and mutually reinforcing. Specifically, the "three warfares" seek to influence the public's understanding of a conflict by retaining support from one's own population, degrading it in an opponent, and influencing third parties. Public opinion/media warfare is the struggle to gain dominance over the venue for implementing psychological and legal warfare. It is seen as a form of warfare independent of armed confrontation or actual hostilities. Indeed, it is perhaps understood most accurately as a constant, ongoing activity aimed at long-term influence of perceptions and attitudes. One of the main tools of public opinion/media warfare is the news media, including both domestic and foreign entities. The focus of public opinion/media warfare is not limited to the press, however; it involves all of the instruments that inform and influence public opinion (e.g., movies, television programs, books). Psychological warfare seeks to disrupt an opponent's decision-making capacity by creating doubts, fomenting anti-leadership sentiments, and generally sapping an opponent's will. Legal warfare seeks to justify a nation's own actions legally while portraying an opponent's activities as illegal, thereby creating doubts, both among adversary and neutral military and civilian authorities and in the broader population, about the wisdom and justification of an opponent's actions. In essence, both psychological warfare and legal warfare require the use of public opinion warfare in order to have greatest effect. Public opinion warfare and legal warfare require psychological warfare guidance so that their targets and methods can be refined. Public opinion warfare and psychological warfare require legal warfare information in order to be their most effective[8]
Public Opinion Warfare: Chinese Definitions
Public opinion warfare (yulun zhan) refers to the use of various mass information channels, including the Internet, television, radio, newspapers, movies, and other forms of media, in accordance with an overall plan and defined objectives to transmit selected news and other materials to the intended audience. It is directed primarily at an opponent's military forces and is intended to complement national political, diplomatic, and military operations.
The purpose of public opinion warfare is to shift the overall balance of strength between a nation and that nation's opponents[9] Such an impact demands more than just securing exposure for a particular point of view or a set of facts. Rather, the goals are to preserve friendly morale, generate public support at home and abroad, weaken the enemy's will to fight, and alter the enemy's situational assessment. Public opinion warfare is both a national and a local responsibility, and it will be undertaken not only by the PLA, but also by the People's Armed Police.
Pillars of Public Opinion Warfare
Chinese writings on public opinion highlight certain themes that provide a conceptual starting point and framework that govern all related military operations. These themes include:
- Follow top-down guidance. Public opinion warfare must support national political, diplomatic, and military objectives. Its actions must be consistent with the larger national strategy as laid out by the top levels of leadership (i.e., the Chinese Communist Party Central Committee and the Central Military Commission). Consequently, public opinion warfare measures must follow higher-level guidance on content and timing.
- Emphasize preemption. In undertaking public opinion warfare, the side that plants its message first enjoys a significant advantage. Chinese analyses of public opinion warfare emphasize that the "the first to sound grabs people, the first to enter establishes dominance (xian sheng duoren, xianru weizhu)." Essentially, the objective is to establish the terms of the debate and define the parameters of coverage. By presenting its message first, the PLA expects to underscore the justice and necessity of its operations, accentuate national strength, and exhibit the superiority of its forces—all in an effort to undermine an opponent's will to resist[10]
- Be flexible and responsive to changing conditions. Under the unified leadership structure and consistent with the requirements of unified, joint operations, commanders should implement public opinion warfare in a flexible manner, taking into account shifts in the political and military situation. At the same time, these commanders should also tailor their methods with respect to specific operations rather than pursuing a one-size-fits-all approach. Thus, when engaging in public opinion warfare against what the PRC considers "secessionist elements," for example, it is important to use different propaganda activities, depending on the audience. "One must make distinctions between the more stubborn elements and the general populace."[11]
- Exploit all available resources. Chinese military writings regularly invoke the ideals of combining peacetime and wartime operations, civil-military integration, and military and local unity (pingzhan jiehe, junmin jiehe, jundi yiti). This emphasis is especially pronounced in public opinion warfare, as civilian resources for public opinion warfare vastly outweigh military ones. Civilian and commercial assets—news organizations, broadcasting facilities, Internet users, etc.—are seen as an invaluable resource in getting China's message before both domestic and global audiences. Moreover, the use of civilian assets could uncover better techniques and information than might be available through purely military channels[12]
Within this construct, Chinese writings suggest that, like any other military operation, there are both offensive and defensive components of public opinion warfare. For instance, offensive public opinion warfare seeks to undermine the enemy's will and weaken any external support while garnering friends and allies. In the first Gulf War, the U.S. used its considerable advantage in information dissemination to bombard the Iraqi military and civilian population with various messages that undermined both Iraq's will to fight and the people's faith in Saddam Hussein. In the U.S. war with Afghanistan, Washington employed public opinion warfare mechanisms to create an anti-terrorism coalition, gain support from other major nations, and allay concerns in Arab and Muslim nations[13]
On the other hand, defensive public opinion warfare is waged to counter enemy public opinion warfare. It entails strong education and news management efforts designed to ensure that the domestic population is not exposed to enemy messages and that, even if they are, those messages will not take root. Defensive public opinion warfare requires prompt, credible responses to enemy criticisms and charges.
This latter aspect can be achieved only through careful preparation of the public opinion battleground in peacetime. That is, there must be extensive research into tactics and methods for undertaking public opinion warfare, understanding potential opponents' psychology and national moods, and the nurturing of public opinion warfare specialists. For this reason, PLA writings consistently invoke the saying, "Before the troops and horses move, public opinion is already underway (bingma weidong, yulun xianxing)," emphasizing that the preparation for public opinion warfare must begin far in advance of the actual outbreak of hostilities[14]
Public Opinion Warfare in the Second Gulf War
For PLA analysts, the second Gulf War provided a demonstration of public opinion warfare under informationized conditions[15]
According to Chinese analyses, Coalition public opinion warfare efforts began long before the outbreak of overt hostilities in March 2003. Indeed, one Chinese analysis suggests that the United States was waging public opinion warfare against Iraq at least from the time of 9/11, if not the end of the first Gulf War, constantly demonizing Saddam Hussein and Iraq[16] Such a protracted period of public opinion preparation acclimatized both the American and global audience to the idea that Iraq posed a threat to the world. Consequently, when President George W. Bush labeled Iraq part of the "Axis of Evil," the ground had been prepared for that characterization to take hold.
Once the decision to go to war had been made, the United States then sought to maintain this early advantage by exploiting its enormous media strength to shape national and global public opinion. According to Chinese writings, this advantage was heightened because Western media, especially American and British news organizations, were aligned with, if not actively subordinate to, the Anglo-American authorities. In an example of how a nation's own system shapes its perceptions of others, Chinese writings describe the U.S. government as employing CNN and NBC to influence both American and global public opinion in support of the war with Iraq[17] Other Chinese writings suggest that the American media were complicit in claiming that Saddam Hussein possessed weapons of mass destruction, because they were "under the control of the government and the military [meiguo meiti you zai zhengfu he junfang de caokong xia]."[18]
From the Chinese perspective, the "embed" program for journalists was an especially effective means of influencing the global perception. By allowing reporters onto the front lines, it allowed the U.S. to broadcast its operations directly to a global audience, underscoring the power of American military forces. Moreover, Chinese analyses conclude that by incorporating foreign journalists into the program, including ones drawn from China and other nations skeptical of the U.S., American public opinion warriors were able to project an image of objectivity and transparency. If American journalists could be dismissed as being naturally pro-U.S., it would be harder to make the same accusation against journalists from non-Coalition countries[19]
Meanwhile, to further support its public opinion warfare campaign, in August 2002, with the help of Iraqi dissident groups and exiles, the U.S. created a satellite television station[20] Coupled with a military decision to leave Iraqi communications and broadcasting infrastructure intact (unlike in the Balkan conflicts), the U.S.—as perceived by the PRC—was able to transmit a range of false messages and inaccurate information to undermine Iraqi resistance, using both Iraqi and other frequencies.
American Strategic Communications and Public Diplomacy Policy
The PRC's interpretation of basic press coverage reflects a fundamentally different view of the relationship between the media and the government. That the PRC would see the major news networks as adjuncts, never mind agents, of American policy suggests that an underlying Chinese assumption is that the press exists to influence rather than inform the audience. This is obviously a fundamental misreading of the role of the Fourth Estate.
Yet it is ironic that the PRC should express such concern about American public diplomacy, strategic communications, and media policy, given the restrictions and limitations imposed on the ability of the U.S. government to inform as well as influence global opinion.
First, the American strategic communications effort is declining amid a global information explosion. Despite the U.S. Broadcasting Board of Governors' (BBG) 2012-2016 Strategic Plan, which called for such programs as Voice of America and Radio Free Asia to be part of the "world's leading international news agency" by 2016, the BBG's offerings are shrinking. Efforts to reach audiences in Pashto and Dari (key languages in Pakistan), Tibet, and Bangladesh, among others, are being scaled back even as Chinese investment, broadcasts, and overall presence increases in each region.
This decrease in America's strategic communication channels, coupled with the spike in PRC broadcasts, has sparked bipartisan concerns. For example, Representative Zoe Lofgren's (R-CA) recent letter to the BBG questions the decision to consolidate Radio Free Asia, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, and the Middle East Broadcasting Networks, echoing concerns expressed by Representatives Dana Rohrabacher (R-CA) and Nancy Pelosi (D-CA)[21]
Second, even these limited efforts are hampered by outdated restrictions, such as the Smith-Mundt Act. The U.S. Information and Educational Exchange Act, first enacted in 1948, was intended to counter Communist propaganda. Specifically, it codified how the United States could engage in public diplomacy, authorizing international broadcasting efforts such as the Voice of America and promoting cultural and educational exchanges with the rest of the world through the State Department.
Concerned about the potential for governmental misuse of this set of powers, Smith-Mundt prohibited the domestic dissemination of any materials intended for foreign audiences; in short, U.S. public diplomacy was not to be employed where it might feed back to an American audience. While this was viable in an age of radio and TV broadcasts, the rise of the Internet and a global information system effectively stymies most forms of strategic communications and public diplomacy, at least in the context of Smith-Mundt.
Meanwhile, military psychological operations, or what is now termed military information support operations (MISO), are also facing possible budget cuts. In May of this year, for instance, Representative Hank Johnson (D-GA) tabled an amendment to reduce MISO-related funding by nearly one-third[22] In the face of Chinese public opinion warfare efforts, such massive reductions cripple the U.S.'s ability to influence others.
Chinese Lessons and Possible Approaches
As a result of their observations of the second Gulf War, as well as their own views of the principles of public opinion warfare, PLA analysts now advocate that such warfare must be considered within the larger context of the overall goals of a conflict.
An essential lesson that the PLA seems to have derived from the second Gulf War is that to truly rival the U.S., it must attempt to counter the American advantage in global access and coverage. As one Chinese article puts it, propaganda guidelines should seek to establish news dominance (xinwen quan) and information dominance (xinxi quan) on the path to obtaining psychological dominance (xinli quan)[23] In this regard, the Chinese seem to be committed to developing a much more efficient strategic communications infrastructure. Starting in September 2011, for example, the Chinese Foreign Ministry began to offer daily press briefings instead of the twice-weekly ones that were begun in 1995. Earlier that year, the Defense Ministry began holding monthly press conferences for the first time[24]
In this context, China's expansion of its global news coverage should be seen as part of the peacetime preparation for public opinion warfare. These developments include the creation of a 24-hour English-language global news service under the aegis of the government news agency Xinhua, as well as the expansion of state-owned China Central Television (CCTV) to a more global presence[25] Given the concern about shaping public opinion and the belief that such news organizations as CNN and Fox News are in the service of the U.S. government, it may well be that these new news entities are intended to counter Western news coverage by providing a Chinese view of global developments.
Similarly, although at a more subtle level, the expansion of the Confucius Institutes around the world may be seen as an attempt to alter the world's image of China[26] These institutes are often embedded within universities or secondary schools and are funded by the hosting institution and the Office of Chinese Language International, which is affiliated with the Chinese Ministry of Education. The Confucius Institutes promote Chinese language training but focus on "providing information about China's education, culture, economy, and society, as well as facilitating research on China."[27]
Countering the PRC Soft-Power Surge
Chinese security planners are concerned that they are vulnerable to strategic communications and public diplomacy aimed at the general populace. Consequently, Chinese leaders warn about "cultural security" and are intent on building Chinese "soft power," both as a peacetime response to foreign pressure and as a potential tool in wartime.
America's response to this surge of Chinese "soft power," therefore, must take into account both peacetime and possible wartime applications. American efforts to shape and influence public opinion must be prepared not only to defend the United States by rebutting attacks, but also to take the offensive and promote America's positions to a global audience. Public diplomacy efforts will be essential in both cases[28]
Like the PRC, then, the United States needs to influence foreign leaders and populations on a daily basis. This cannot be accomplished through momentary, ad hoc efforts; rather, the U.S. must present itself as a reliable source of information, available on a regular basis. The PRC, like other regimes, seeks to limit discussion and avoid the dissemination of information; the American interest is best served by the free flow of information, both in times of peace and in times of war.
In the event of a conflict, though, the U.S. needs to have available additional methods by which it can project American messages to an adversary's population and decision makers and rebut efforts to influence American allies and friends, as well as neutral states. In order to meet this requirement, current public diplomacy efforts should be overhauled and expanded. This reform should be a priority for the next Administration.
In the meantime, there are steps that can and should be taken in the near term to show China and the world that the U.S. is serious about competing in the global marketplace of ideas. Specifically, the U.S. should:
- Demand visa parity for U.S. journalists and public access for U.S. broadcasters. The PRC has several hundred journalists operating in the United States, most of whom work for state-owned media outlets. Yet Beijing is unwilling to grant reciprocal access to foreign journalists, including Americans. It should be American policy to demand comparable access for American journalists or else to reduce the size of the Chinese presence in the U.S.
- Fill public diplomacy leadership positions promptly. The U.S. government needs officials who are accountable for carrying out a new public diplomacy strategy. The Broadcasting Board of Governors, for example, is currently operating with most of its members still serving on expired terms.
- Improve strategic communications and public diplomacy training for military public affairs officers. The Chinese see public opinion as playing a key role in shaping the global and operational environment, and during any military conflict, they likely will strive to influence such sentiment. American military public affairs officers (PAOs) need to be cognizant of this and be suitably trained and prepared both to respond and, when possible, to seize the initiative.
- Sustain funding for MISO operations. A review of Chinese assessments of American psychological warfare/MISO operations in recent conflicts indicates that the PLA and Chinese decision-makers in general are very concerned with the West's ability to propagate its message to both senior leaders and the broader populace in wartime as well as peacetime. For the United States to reduce spending in this area unilaterally, especially when total MISO-related spending is about $250 million (equivalent to the cost of two F-35 fighters), would seem to be penny-wise and pound-foolish.
The information era provides unparalleled access to both a nation's leaders and its population. The PRC has made clear that, in the event of a conflict, it will exploit that access to try to influence an adversary in hopes of winning a war without firing a shot. Even today, during a time of peace, the PRC is laying the groundwork for such soft-power operations. It is therefore essential that the United States counter that influence now while preparing to use its own arsenal of political warfare weapons should a conflict ever arise.
—Dean Cheng is Research Fellow in Chinese Political and Security Affairs in the Asian Studies Center at The Heritage Foundation.
[2] Edward Wong, "China's President Lashes Out at Western Culture," The New York Times, January 3, 2012, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/04/world/asia/chinas-president-pushes-back-against-western-culture.html.
[3] Xinhuanet, "China's Cultural Security Lies in Openness and Exchanges," October 27, 2011, (accessed October 15, 2012).
[4] "Golden Statuette Can Help Elevate Cultural Appeal," Global Times, February 27, 2012, (accessed October 15, 2012).
[5] A new edition of the PLA Political Work Regulations was released in September 2010. Xinhuanet, "Newly Established 'Political Work Regulations of the PLA' Are Promulgated," September 13, 2010, http://military.people.com.cn/GB/1076/52984/12714077.html (accessed October 15, 2012).
[6] Academy of Military Sciences, Operations Theory and Regulations Research Department and Informationalized Operations Theory Research Office, Informationalized Operations Theory Study Guide (Beijing, PRC: AMS Press, November 2005), p. 403.
[7] Dean Cheng, "Winning Without Fighting: Chinese Legal Warfare," Heritage Foundation Backgrounder No. 2692, May 21, 2012, /research/reports/2012/05/winning-without-fighting-chinese-legal-warfare.
[8] Liu Kexin, Study Volume on Legal Warfare (Beijing, PRC: National Defense University Press, 2006), pp. 18, 34–37.
[9] Academy of Military Sciences Operations, Informationalized Operations Theory Study Guide, p. 405; Liu Gaoping, Study Volume on Public Opinion Warfare (Beijing, PRC: NDU Press, 2005), pp. 16–17.
[10] Yao Fei, "Some Thoughts Regarding Our Military's Anti-Secessionist Public Opinion and Propaganda Policies," Military Correspondent (PRC), No. 5 (2009), (accessed October 15, 2012); Ji Chenjie and Liu Wei, "A Brief Discussion of Public Opinion Warfare on the Web," Military Correspondent (PRC), No. 1 (2009), (accessed October 15, 2012).
[11] Ibid.
[12] Wang Zijun, Chen Tao, and Mo Jinshan, "Explaining People's Armed Police Public Opinion Warfare Thought," Hebei Legal Newspaper, April 6, 2010, (accessed October 15, 2012).
[13] Sheng Peilin, Wang Lin, and Liu Ya, eds., 100 Examples of Public Opinion Warfare (Beijing, PRC: PLA Publishing House, 2006), pp. 162–163, 208–209.
[14] Nanjing Political Academy, Military News Department Study Group, "Study of the Journalistic Media Warfare in the Iraq War," China Military Science, No. 4 (2003), p. 28.
[15] "Informationized conditions" refers to the application of information technologies to all aspects of warfare, including command and control, logistics, weapons, intelligence, etc. In the Chinese view, it is the military aspect of the Information Era, in which technology developments have facilitated the collection, storage, management, analysis, and exploitation of information. Future wars are described by the PLA as "Local Wars Under Informationized Conditions." Xie Zheng, On Informationized Operations (Beijing, PRC: Academy of Military Sciences Publishing House, 2006), p. 5.
[16] Nanjing Political Academy, "Study of the Journalistic Media Warfare in the Iraq War," p. 28.
[17] Fan Gaoming, "Public Opinion Warfare, Psychological Warfare, and Legal Warfare, the Three Major Combat Methods to Rapidly Achieving Victory in War," Global Times, March 8, 2005.
[18] Liu, Study Volume on Public Opinion Warfare, p. 27.
[19] Nanjing Political Academy, "Study of the Journalistic Media Warfare in the Iraq War," p. 32.
[20] Ibid.
[21] Representative Zoe Lofgren, letter to Michael Lynton, Interim Presiding Governor, Broadcasting Board of Governors, June 7, 2012, (accessed October 17, 2012).
[22] Tom Vandenbrook, "House Panel Calls for Serious Cuts to Propaganda Spending," USA Today, May 17, 2012, http://www.usatoday.com/news/washington/story/2012-05-17/congress-information-operations-funds/55045982/1(accessed October 15, 2012).
[23] Nanjing Political Academy, "Study of the Journalistic Media Warfare in the Iraq War," p. 30.
[24] Yan Weijue, "Ministry to Hold Daily News Conferences," China Daily, September 1, 2011, (accessed October 15, 2012); Xinhuanet, "China's Military Diplomacy Boosts Relations with Foreign Forces in 2011: Defense Ministry," January 17, 2012, (accessed October 15, 2012).
[25] Xinhua, "Xinhua Launches CNC World English Channel," July 1, 2010, (accessed October 15, 2012); Tania Branigan, "Chinese State TV Unveils Global Expansion Plan," The Guardian (UK), December 8, 2011, http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/dec/08/china-state-television-global-expansion (accessed October 15, 2012).
[26] Helle Dale, "The State Department's Confusion over Confucius Institutes," The Heritage Foundation, The Foundry, June 13, 2012, http://blog.heritage.org/2012/06/13/the-state-departments-confusion-over-confucius-institutes/.
[27] Guo Xiaolin, Repackaging Confucius: PRC Public Diplomacy and the Rise of Soft Power (Stockholm, Sweden: Institute for Security and Development Policy, January 2008), p. 32.
[28] For an extensive discussion of public diplomacy, see Helle C. Dale, Ariel Cohen, and Janice A. Smith, "How Other Countries Are Using Public Diplomacy to Oppose the U.S.," Heritage Foundation Backgrounder No. 2698, June 21, 2012, /research/reports/2012/06/challenging-america-how-russia-china-and-other-countries-use-public-diplomacy-to-compete-with-the-us.


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MyRefManager necesitaba un nuevo diseño de página web y lanzó un concurso de diseño en 99designs.
Un ganador ha sido elegido entre 50 diseños de 13 diseñadores freelance.
I'm the developer and owner of MyReferenceManager.com, a website that allows students and researchers to collect and organize their books, journals, websites and quotations in an online library. The website was launched on October 1 this year, but requires a redesign of the landing page to make the special features of the website more prominent and transparent to visitors.
Primarily students and researchers, but also anyone who needs help writing an article or book.
The primary goal is to come up with a creative and appealing new layout of the home page that makes certain links more prominent and adds some color and icons to make the content pop.
a) new layout of the home page (content within the red frame of the attached mock-up image) using the existing color scheme and look and feel of the website
b) create new icons/buttons for the Free Trial, Take a Tour and Sign Up links
c) redesign the Quick Links section (layout and position). It should only contain links to Login, Get Started and Search pages (make it so that other links can be added later)
d) rearrange some or all of the current photos. Photos can be modified or only parts of them used.
e) a new "Tell a Friend" link or button
Regarding main text section, I was thinking of some meaningful icons for each of the sections (please refer to the mock-up I attached to the contest description):
a) step 1: building a library, maybe a bookcase icon (bookshelves with books)
b) step 2: an open book with a table of contents (the word 'TOC' on the right page)
c) step 3: maybe a hierarchical/ organizational tree icon
d) step 4: search icon
e) step 5: sharing content, maybe an icon that shows collaboration, sharing.
The color of the icons should match with the overall site color scheme.
Generally, I'm open to creative and innovative designs even if they deviate from the above requirements.


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Morning Five: 09.24.10 EditionPosted by rtmsf on September 24th, 2010
- Put. The. Phones. Down. UT-Chattanooga was placed on two years probation by the NCAA for "major" violations that AGAIN included a situation where the head coach John Shulman was busily texting recruits during a no-contact period. The Mocs will not suffer a postseason ban as a result of these violations, but we simply cannot understand why coaches continue to fall victim to such an easily traceable mistake. Every husband in the entire world knows that you don't text or call your mistress using the phone that your wife can access — yet coaches seem oblivious to this codified man-law, so time and time again we see problems arise in this area. Gary Parrish discussed this last week, but coaches have proven to be slow on the uptick here. Get some burners, fellas — hell, use Skype — just stop this nonsense already.
- Speaking of Parrish, his latest article captures John Wooden's mantra of "don't mistake activity for achievement" really well. Too many coaches waste too much time trying to recruit prospects that they never had a shot with to begin with. To continue with the analogies, it's like the guy who sadly yet consistently shoots for 9s when everyone in the bar knows that he should be focusing on the 6s. Finishing second or third in recruiting is like hearing the click with five more bullets in the barrel — you end up in the same place regardless.
- Scathing. That's how we'd describe the latest piece by Fanhouse's Ray Holloman about the Bruce Pearl/Tennessee recruiting violations that were exposed last week. Better than any other article we've seen written on this situation, Holloman perfectly exposes the true underlying motives of the "executive officers of a multi-million dollar athletic program." The lesson here, and we sorta already knew it: treat these guys like politicians or CEOs by assuming that everything that comes out of their mouths is a half-truth or outright lie. Start there, and then figure out the rest.
- We rarely mention women's college basketball here but this was too bizarre to ignore. UNC-Wilmington head coach Cynthia Cooper-Dyke (this is not a joke) apologized for a punishment that her assistant Johnetta Hayes put junior guard Julia Finlay through during practice on Monday. Apparently Hayes forced Finlay to 'log roll' up and down the court at least twelve times in a row during a half-hour period as a penalty for getting booted from practice last week. She's suffering from plantar fasciitis, so incredulously, Hayes believed this would be an appropriate punishment in place of the normal sprints a player gets as punishment. Finlay vomited several times during the "puke-and-roll", and we're pretty certain that a little piece of America died as a result of this story.
- "Dumb Catholic boys." Oh, Bob Knight, always making friends. Just days after enjoying his roast in Hammond, Indiana, Knight took shots at both the NCAA and Notre Dame during a speaking engagement at the Big Brothers Big Sisters of Central Indiana yesterday. In reference to whether Notre Dame should join the Big Ten, Knight ripped the ND brass, suggesting that being in the Big East in all sports other than football hurts their recruiting. Surely this will come up at some point during Gameday with Digger Phelps this coming season, although we think we already know how this ends, right? Do we even need to say it?


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Aside from having your own basic Facebook page, you also have the option of creating groups, events, and fan pages. Each option has its advantages and disadvantages and is better suited for some things than others. Below, is the process for creating groups, events, and fan pages on Facebook.
How to Create a Facebook Group
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One answer to an impossible question
Someone asked me today, "What's the most beautiful place you've ever seen?" I had a hard time answering that question, because I've been very fortunate. I've seen many beautiful places, and it's impossible for me to rate them.
One of the places that came to mind was the National Scenic Byway section of Highway 2 from Grand Island, Nebraska, to Alliance, Nebraska. Charles Kuralt, longtime news reporter and host of the CBS television program, "On the Road", listed Highway 2 among the top ten most beautiful highways in the United States. I love what Kuralt said about it (italics added by me!)
From the first time I ever drove along it, I've been in love with Highway 2. It's not so much that there's a special something to see along Nebraska's Highway 2. There's a special nothing to see. From Grand Island to Alliance, Highway 2 takes you through the Nebraska Sandhills, the largest area of sand dunes in the western hemisphere. Writers inevitably use a metaphor of the sea to describe the hundreds of thousands of acres of grass – and hundreds of thousands of acres of sky. Like the sea the emptiness of the Sandhills gives the travelers a strange sense of comfort, there's a feeling that as long as these two things are in order, the earth and the sky, all the rest can be forgotten until tomorrow. Highway 2 is not just another highway that goes somewhere, Highway 2 is somewhere.
|"The emptiness of the Sandhills...the earth and the sky"
Photo by leish76
Life has taken me many places since my childhood in the Sandhills. In 2000, I visited Nebraska for the first time in about 15 years. I brought my children with me, and during our adventure, we drove part of the Highway 2 Scenic Byway. That was the first of several summer trips I made to the Sandhills with them.
When I came back from that first trip, I wrote a long account of our odyssey. After re-reading it tonight, I realized that the Sandhills will always feel like home to me, and no place on earth is more beautiful to the soul than home. Here's a quote from myself about my first sighting of the Sandhills on that trip:
What a thrill it was to see the Sandhills again after so many years. I lectured the kids on the details of the landscape -- windmills, sand-capped hills, blowouts, lowland meadows, cattle herds, soapweeds, cow trails, ranch signs! My young Kentuckians listened with some interest to my dissertation, and they were impressed by the striking sparsity of trees, the big blue sky, and the immense and endless hills.I doubt if I'll get back to Nebraska again with both kids. They've grown up, and they have their own responsibilities that tie them down. But I'm glad that I had the opportunity to show them the beautiful Nebraska Sandhills. I'm glad that we drove part of the Highway 2 Scenic Byway, and I hope I'll get a chance to travel that road again, one of these days.
- A railroad runs alongside Highway 2 east of Alliance for many miles. The extra-long coal trains are the topic of dozens of YouTube videos. See http://youtu.be/Naj56kWmrSg for a Sandhill view of one of the empty trains, heading back to the Powder River Basin of Wyoming.
- The photo albums associated with the Nebraska Sandhills page on Facebook are wonderful. Flikr has some nice Sandhill photos too.
|Grass as far as the eye can see. The Sandhills prairie is
the largest area of natural grassland left in the United States.


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Home > Locations > Bronson Spine & Scoliosis Specialists > Prescriptions
We can send your prescriptions to you in the mail or you can pick it up from our office. We can also give you a list of your medicines. It will include how much you take and how often. Keep this list for your records or share with other doctors.
If you use a mail order pharmacy, we will provide you with the prescription. We cannot fax prescriptions to mail order pharmacies. Bring your actual medicine bottles with you when you come to the office. If you do not bring the medicine, bring a list of all the medicine you are taking.
Be sure to ask for refill prescriptions while you are at the office. If you call later for refills, it may take up to two business days to get the prescription. We do not give prescriptions for new medicine, antibiotics or pain medicine over the phone. We need to see you in the office before ordering this medicine.
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Leicester, Massachusetts
|This article is a stub. Help us to expand it by contributing your knowledge. For county and town page guidelines, visit U.S. County Page Content Suggestions.
Leicester is a town in Massachusetts. It was formed in 1714 and was previously called Towtaid. It can be found in Worcester county and is a part of the Worcester registry of deed district. For more information, contact the county at 3 Washburn Sq., Leicester 01524. On the attached map, Leicester is shown as 34 in Worcester county.
For information about the state of Massachusetts see Massachusetts Family History Research.


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People Story - Shipra Chaudhary
At SAP, we believe that when you bring everything you are, you can become everything you want.
Changing Career Course: One millennial's journey
Early in her career, Shipra Chaudhary realized her inspiration had changed. Her choices bring insights for all levels when it comes to career development.
Shipra Chaudhary has had an unusual career, although still an early talent. She started in July 2011 as an associate developer at SAP in Predictive Analysis, Technology & Innovation platform developer at SAP. After two years of successful technical career, she was ready to take up bigger responsibilities. Becoming interested in management, she decided to pursue her MBA and then returned to SAP because of the brand reputation and culture. "SAP is number 1 enterprise," Shipra says, noting in particular that SAP is innovative and profit-driven, with a stable set of cultural values to boot. "I really appreciate the flat structure, flexibility, open transparent communication with leaders, and the concept of learning anywhere and anytime!" Add to this, a diverse workforce, the attitude of helping each other, and the innovation mindset, and you have the basis for developing a career within a great working culture, she explains.
What has had the greatest impact on your career development so far?
When asked to describe her career journey in one word Shipra says "Rewarding". She counts herself lucky to have been influenced by two great managers: one taught her the functional skills to become a good developer, while the other was more of a coach, who developed her people skills. Changing her career path from developer into HR has offered her new insights. "Where you have something to show as a quantitative result in Development, this content knowledge is harder to acquire in HR, which is usually measured on qualitative results (soft)," Shipra says. "Now we [HR] are moving more towards metrics and the impact of HR becomes more tangible." And, as a participant in the Global HR Early Talent Program, she is now getting more involved in decision-making, is able to take ownership and realizes that challenging work is a motivator for her. The rotations as part of the program is a great way to experience and learn different cultures, people and topics.
Tapping into people to support career and personal development
Continuous support during her career has raised her self-motivation to learn. She likes to explore new things and go to a subject matter expert when she has questions. "Insights from executives are very helpful and managers should always share relevant information," Shipra suggests.
"My peer coach really helps me to look at things from a different perspective and enables me to come up with solutions." Shipra finds that job shadowing is another way of helping her grow by meeting people with different expertise. "They bring experiential knowledge by sharing their real life examples, instead of just the theory itself."
A mentor is more for technical support on content knowledge in your field of work, according to Shipra, and she considers herself privileged to have so many HR colleagues as mentors.
All these different kinds of support stimulate self-reflection, allowing you to focus on where you need to change. Shipra concludes, "It is important to stay relevant in your career and this means to stay curious and hungry for the next learning opportunity!"
Note: Shipra has completed her rotations with Talent Acquisition and HR Operations (India), and is now in her third role with Coaching, Peer to Peer learning- COE, enjoying an international experience in Germany.
By Lineke Stolker and Danni Qin, Career & Talent Management, Human Resources


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Coming off of a seventh straight 20-win campaign, Valparaiso volleyball head coach Carin Avery announced today the squad's schedule for the 2009 campaign, which features 11 matches at the Athletics-Recreation Center.
The Crusaders kick off the 2009 season on August 28 as they face Colorado at a tournament hosted by Florida. Valpo will also take on UNLV in Gainesville before moving on the next weekend to the Drake Invitational, where it will match up with Texas A&M-Corpus Christi, South Dakota and Centenary in addition to the host Bulldogs.
The second weekend of September brings a challenging test for the Crusaders as they travel to Carbondale, Ill. to compete in the Saluki Invitational. The tournament kicks off with Murray State, which advanced to the OhioValley conference championship match last season, and continues with UAB, which won 27 matches out of Conference USA and earned an at-large berth to the NCAA Tournament, advancing to the second round. Valpo will also take on host Southern Illinois.
The Horizon League double round-robin slate kicks off for Valparaiso September 18 as the Crusaders play at Youngstown State. After facing the Penguins, Valpo heads further east to play a pair of matches at Pittsburgh, taking on the host Panthers as well as Maryland Eastern Shore, which won 25 matches and went undefeated in MEAC play last season.
Play at home at the ARC, where the Crusaders have won 83.3% (65-13) of the time in Avery's seven years, begins September 25 against Wright State, kicking off a string of five straight home matches. Interspersed throughout the league double round-robin schedule are non-league tilts at home against Indiana State, Oakland and Chicago State and a road match at IUPUI.
The final home weekend of the season will be November 6-7, when the Crusaders host league foes UIC and Loyola, while the final match of the year at the ARC will be November 10 against Chicago State. The league slate concludes November 14 at Green Bay, with the Horizon League Championships being contested the next weekend. One last regular season contest looms November 28 at Western Michigan, where the Crusaders went and swept the Broncos immediately preceding WMU's Sweet 16 run last season.
Valparaiso enters the 2009 campaign coming off of a 25-7 season in 2008, the program's seventh consecutive slate with at least 20 victories. The Crusaders went 12-4 in Horizon League play, finishing just one game out of the league championship. Valpo welcomes back ten returnees from last year's squad, highlighted by two-time Honorable Mention All-American and 2008 Horizon League Player of the Year Angie Porché (Lynwood, Ill./Thornton Fractional South), while also bringing in three newcomers.
Athletics-Recreation Center (ARC)
1009 Union Street
Valparaiso, IN 46383
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This is Christopher Chaney, the phone hacker who's allegedly responsible for last month's leaked images from Scarlett Johansson's BlackBerry.
The Daily grabbed the first photo of him since he was arrested for a litany of charges yesterday, including hacking at least 50 celebrities.
Totally doesn't look like the sulking, reclusive, bearded, lecherous type, does he? [The Daily]


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Naam brauchte ein neues Logo Design und hat einen Wettbewerb auf 99designs gestartet.
Aus 157 Designs von 38 Designern wurde eine Gewinner gewählt.
Clean, Contemporary, and classy logo needed. We build and renovate hotels and are also involved in the real estate industry.
NAAM Development
We are a general contracting and construction management company based out of southern california. We specialize in ground up construction and remodeling for the hospotality industry. We are however, a construction company, and manage people and subcontractors to complete large hotels. We as a contractor are a vendor to higher end hotels and build with the upmost quality. The culture of our business is professional and customer oriented and we have made it this far based on our relationships developed with owners and other contractors.
For this company, we are looking for a logo/branding that is clean, bold and powerful. We will be using this logo on all our business material. We do not really advertise but will have a website and usage on some posters at jobsites.
NAAM is its own word. It is not abbreviated and are not initials
No tag lines
Colors: nothing too flashy, bold and powerful, but we are not against strong, bold colors.
Something that i can use to brand a construction company.
No rainbows, Something that should be strong enough to stand on its own
Doesnt necessarily have to include the word "corporation"
Finden Sie heraus, wie ein Designwettbewerb funktioniert, oder lernen Sie mehr über unsere Logo-Design-Angebote.


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Day 0 (Friday, July 27)
Left from Skien around 12:30, and took the flight from Torp to Glasgow. In Glasgow I walked to the other train station and took the train to Perth.
In Perth I had a small dinner (fried goat cheese and sunblush salad) at a hotel restaurant, then took the train to Inverness.
In Inverness I arrived around 23:30 and went to my hostel. There were some people already sleeping in the room. I wanted to go out to have a beer, but a bouncer said I look tired so I went back to the hostel. My room had the most complicated shower system I have ever seen – knobs and buttons and temperature indicators. But with only one flaw – it didn't work.
Around 01:30 my other room mates came to the room totally drunk and woke everybody up with singing and shouting. Finally they settled and went to sleep.
Day 1 (Saturday, July 28)
I woke up in the Highland Hostel in Inverness in the sound of seagulls and snoring. I realized that the complicated shower system actually worked.
I went out of the hostel and into Inverness. The town was lively on this Saturday morning. First I went to buy some souvenirs in a shop. I was chatting a bit with the lovely girl at the counter, and I bought a postcard and some small statuettes (Nessie and a Highlander with Pipes).
Then I went to the tourist information to find where is my ship. They directed me to the marina which was on the other side of the town. But Dyrafjeld was not there. I was looking around at the reception and asking the other Norwegian ships which I saw. I found out that Dyrafjeld had engine troubles and it was in the harbour.
At the marina there was the ETS Norwegian brass band waiting for the Arctic convoy (Scandinavian ships) to pass through the Work Locks. The Norwegian ship Anna Rogde was part of the convoy. Even if it was raining I was there taking pictures.
The driver of the Norwegian band was kind enough to drive me to the harbour. There I met with the Dyrafjeld crew. Later some more students arrived, and we were 14 in total (me, Carl, Thomas, Ingrid, Katinka, Torbjørn, Jon (captain), Jan, Ærling, Per, Ivar, Alex (cook), Ole, Simen), plus Kai who was with us for a few days only. Ærling was trying on his kilt.
In the evening me and the 5 students (Carl, Thomas, Ingrid, Katinka, Torbjørn) went to have some beers and dinner in town. I had fish and chips and Irn Bru (some kind of Fanta). After the dinner we went back to the ship and met with the crew who was going out.
Day 2 (Sunday, July 29)
It was Sunday. We went to the tourist information in Inverness to find out how to get to Fort George. We saw some Dutch people selling pancakes, and Torbjørn bought a plate of pancakes with whisky, which were quite good. Then we we took the bus to Fort George.
Fort George is still used as a military base. We had a picnic in the garden and visited the expositions, which were mainly about Cameron Highlanders.
Just when it began to rain we caught our bus and went back to Inverness. Then back to the ship.
After the dinner we wanted to see the Euro 2008 final (Spain-Germany). We arrived at The Innes pub 15 minutes before the final whistle, and we did not see much action. After this we played billiards.
Katinka was just learning and every ball that she hit was flying over the table. Then we got back to the ship.
Day 3 (Monday, June 30)
We got some courses in knots and navigation, then we tried the suits used against freezing temperatures. They feel like astronauts suits I think.
In the afternoon we went on a hike to Craig Dunain, near Inveness.
Day 4 (Tuesday, July 1)
They finally repaired the motor on Dyrafjeld, so we leave the next morning. I was mainly on the ship, and in the evening we watch "The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy" on a projector in the ship's mess hall.
Day 5 (Wednesday, July 2)
Finally we are moving! We left Inverness in the morning and were breezing through the locks. At one lock I was speaking with the girl operator and realized that she is not Scottish but English, by how easy it was to understand her.
Then we entered Loch Ness. The captain let me to steer the ship for a while and it felt great to do that again.
In the evening we arrived at Fort Augustus where we spent the night.
Though it was raining we went for a sightseeing tour, where we saw mostly rabbits.
We came back for dinner, then went out to pubs. The crew went to The Botchy while we were stuck with Lock Inn. But we didn't like the smell so we went back to the ship. I put my swimming suit on and went for a dip in Loch Ness (but only up to the ankles).
The others, being Norwegian, went for a swim in Loch Ness by jumping from the ship.
Day 6 (Thursday, July 3)
We left Fort Augustus in the morning. There were some locks right in the middle of the town, and everybody was looking at our ship and taking pictures and asking who we are and where are we going.
Me, Carl and Thomas were on the shore most of the time, dragging the ropes from lock to lock ("like slaves" as Jan was saying :). It was cool to try to catch a rope thrown from the ship.
We went through Loch Oich and Loch Lochy. The weather was changing, sunny and rainy. When it was sunny I realized that I did not buy the sun screen in vain.
We arrived in the evening at Banavie where we spent the night.
Close by there is Great Britain's highest mountain, Ben Nevis.
Day 7 (Friday, July 4)
We went in the morning through 8 locks down to Fort William. We needed to refill the ship with water, so we docked next to another ship, the Ocean Bounty. Then we waited in the sea locks at Fort William for the fuel truck. While waiting we were playing cards and going out to buy icecream.
Around 17:30 the sea locks opened into Loch Linnhe. It was almost the Irish Sea.
The dinner was greek-style, with lamb chops, tzatziki sauce and pita bread, plus a nice dessert.
From now on it should have been 48 hours to Dublin, with 4 hour shifts (sleep 4 hours, work 4 hours). It was so nice outside that I went to sleep only after taking tons of pictures. I was supposed to wake up at 00:00.
Day 8 (Saturday, July 5)
I woke up at midnight for my shift. It was not totally dark as I thought. I stayed in front of the ship for one hour to look if any ships are coming, but it was very hard to see anything.
I was sick when I began my fire watch. The ship was moving more now as we entered the open sea. All the lamb chop went down out of my stomach. There were other people sick on the ship (later I found out half the crew was sick).
I stayed on the steering wheel for one hour, but I was sick during that also. Then ship-watching for another hour until 04:00, when I went to sleep.
I woke up at 08:00 for my next shift. The ship was moving up and down, and the front sail was up. From time to time I was receiving a splash of sea water.
After the first hour I felt sick and went to bed. Per came in my cabin and told me I should not leave the deck without telling him, otherwise they might think I felt overboard. I asked for permission to rest and I was sleeping from now on, waking up from time to time to puke (although my stomach was empty and nothing else could come out).
During my waking hours I saw Alex gathering water from the kitchen with a ladle.
Around 18:00 Katinka woke me up and told me we reached land. The weather was so bad that the captain decided to turn to Bangor Bay instead, near Belfast. It was good to have stable ground again.
We went a bit into Bangor Bay, then returned to the ship to pack our bags. The plan was to take a train early in the morning to Dublin. The ship will continue to Brest from Monday on if the weather will permit.
During dinner the captain praised the crew for keeping cool during the open sea travel, and for not arguing that we missed parts of our trip because of the engine.
I went to sleep early while the others went to a pub in the town.
Day 9 (Sunday, July 6)
Woke up around 07:30. Me, Ingrid, Katinka and Torbjørn said goodbye to the others, then left with the train from Bangor Bay to Belfast, from where we took the train to Dublin. Thomas was taking the same trains but later that day.
On the train we were playing cards.
In Dublin we found the bus station, and I said goodbye to the others who were staying one more day in Dublin. I could have stayed also because I had another plane ticket for Monday, but decided to return home to relax.
At Dublin airport I met Nina who was coming back from a vacation in Dublin with Kurt and 4 other friends. They were nice to give me a ride to Skien, even if it was out of their way.
Photo Album: www.flickr.com/photos/alex_stanoi/sets/72157606070148412/


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John Metcalfe
John Metcalfe was CityLab's Bay Area bureau chief, covering climate change and the science of cities.
If you go outside on a quiet day, you might just hear the grass making a slight rustle as if it was sentient. That's the sign of a vast birth taking place underground, as millions of cicadas crawl their way to the surface for a weeks-long Rumspringa of molting, noisemaking and gettin' it on.
This year's Cicadomorpha (on the East Coast, at least) is the notorious Brood II, black-bodied, crimson-eyed specimens that emerge in huge numbers every 17 years. A relative of the delightful spittlebug, the insects are harmless but extremely loud and a pain to walk or bike through, seeing as how they can number in the hundreds of thousands in just one square acre. While not of the 17-year variety, this 2011 footage of a cicada swarm in Nashville might give you an idea of what the East Coast will look like soon:
Cicada nymphs have been quietly feeding off of tree-root xylem fluids since 1996 and are just now beginning to dig upward. The key to their animation is ground temperature: They won't "wake up" until the soil 8 inches down is 64 degrees or above, the spoiled little pests. This fact allows us to track where they will appear, as New York Public Radio is doing with this nifty map of ground warmth in America.
Here's the situation from April 30. If you want to participate in the monitoring project, the station has put up instructions on how to build your own temperature sensor for about $80:
As you can see, it looks like Lower Manhattan, Queens, Chapel Hill, Newburgh in New York and South Orange in New Jersey are ripe for a bugging, whereas hovering on the precipice are places like Trenton, Baltimore, Annapolis, Durham and Washington, D.C. That fits right in with Brood II's historical range from North Carolina to Connecticut.
However, this network must have a few blind spots, because people have reported seeing cicadas elsewhere. According to the National Geographic-supported Magicicada Mapping Project, nymphs or teneral adults have been spotted in Pennsylvania, Georgia and all along the I-95 corridor. Here's the latest from the project's sightings map, which makes it seem like gigantic bugs are clinging to the face of North America. Agh!
If you've noticed one of these creatures roaming your 'hood, submit a sighting here. This is a rough mug shot of what to look for, in both nymph and young-adult forms:
Top image courtesy of tlindenbaum on Flickr. Time lapse from T. Nathan Mundhenk on Wikipedia
Now more than ever, public transportation is not just about ridership. Buses, trains, and subways make urban civilization possible.
The coronavirus crisis stands to dramatically reshape cities around the world. But the biggest revolutions in urban space may have begun before the pandemic.
With cities in lockdown and workplaces closed, the big drop in traffic and transit riders allows road repair and construction projects to rush forward.
What do we know so far about the types of places that are more susceptible to the spread of Covid-19? In the U.S., density is just the beginning of the story.
Will COVID-19 change how cities are designed? Michele Acuto of the Connected Cities Lab talks about density, urbanization and pandemic preparation.


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Lanier Camp, Eliot, ca. 1910Item 9884 info
Maine Historical Society
The names of camps throughout Maine and elsewhere often provide a clue to the relationship of camping and ideas about Native Americans.
Many early camps were based on the idea that overcoming the ills of contemporary society (urban and industrial problems) required helping youths experience a more "primitive life."
Lanier Camp in Eliot identified American Indian life as the first of three stages that children or adults needed to understand before reaching the highest level of social organization (farm and home).
The "primitive community" was expected to awaken a sense of individual powers, which later would be developed into a sense of community.
Camp Winnebago truck 1940Item 7415 info
Camp Winnebago
For the thousands of youths who attended 90-day -- or summer-long -- camps, getting to rural Maine with a summer's worth of gear was the first challenge.
Boys on their way to Camp Winnebago on Echo Lake in Fayette often traveled by train on special cars identified by flags set up on the platform. Once they arrived in Maine, the boys packed into the camp truck, which also was used for trips and other outings.
Camp Winnebago, founded in 1919, is now home to about 160 boys during the summer.
Rifle range at Cadet Camp, Harpswell, 1896Item 7927 info
Maine Historical Society
Summer-long youth camps initially served as an escape from urban life and training in what was thought to be a more genuine "manhood" for boys from elite families.
But some Maine summer camps served other purposes. Here, cadets from Portland High School attended a different sort of camp. Boys learned military skills and discipline at Cadet Camp at High Head in Harpswell.
Summer Camp, Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyItem 6593 info
Maine Historical Society
The lure of the Maine coast also drew students from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology for Camp Technology, held in East Machias in about 1900.
Rosemary Cottage, Eliot, c. 1880Item 6190 info
Eliot Baha'i Archives
A Fresh Air movement sprang up in the 1870s, stressing health and morals and responding to changing social and economic realities in America. It spawned a number of camps that served underprivileged children, health-conscious adults, and many groups in between.
Hannah Shapleigh Farmer, a philanthropist and feminist, wanted unwed mothers and their children to escape from inner-city life and enjoy a healthy summer in Maine. In the 1880s, she opened Rosemary Cottage in Eliot for the women and their children.
Fresh air cottage, Eliot, c. 1900Item 6472 info
Eliot Baha'i Archives
Eliot was one popular location for camps. Dr. Fillmore Moore operated Bungalow Camp, a health camp, there in the early 1900s He designed the fresh air cottages. The camp also served special meals aimed at the healthful rejuvenation of patrons.
Nutrition Camp, Casco, 1925Item 7692 info
Maine Historical Society
Malnourished children also became campers. Like more elite campers, they took advantage of the Maine weather and lakes for recreation. Their program featured good food as well as fresh air.
The Cumberland County Public Health Association held this nutrition camp in Casco during the summer of 1925.
Camping at Goodwill Pines, Clinton, 1911Item 7458 info
L.C. Bates Museum / Good Will-Hinckley Homes
G. W. Hinckley, founder of the Good Will-Hinckley Homes for Boys and Girls, a home for orphans, believed in the benefits of camping for boys and in 1890 began taking Good Will boys summer camping.
He believed camping helped the needy boys become self-reliant. By the late 1890s, the Good Will program involved a month-long "Boys Encampment" in the Good Will Pines on the east side of the Kennebec River. The photograph is of the 1911 encampment.
Hinckley also called the camping program the "Boys Assembly." It included camping, speakers, sports, and natural history programs. Hundreds of visitors also traveled by train to Good Will to participate in these summer Assembly events.
The beach at nutrition camp, Casco, 1925Item 7697 info
Maine Historical Society
The 1920s and the 1950s were the peaks of summer-long youth camps. Both were post-war eras and the camps provided a stable environment in the midst of an unsettled society.
Campers were not just escaping, though. They learned about the outdoors, relationships, responsibility, and healthy moral values. Some camps had -- and still have -- more specific purposes, ranging from specific religious beliefs to ecology.
Girls playing basketball, Naples, ca. 1930Item 6831 info
Maine Historical Society
The first girls camp, in 1892, offered girls one month at a boys' camp. Soon, camps were formed that were aimed at girls.
In 1902, three girls-only camps were in existence, including Camp Wyonegonic in Bridgton that advertised "freedom from enervating luxuries."
By 1940, forty-one all-summer camps for girls were in operation, many in the northeast.
Especially popular were sports activities. Healthful living, for girls as well as boys, included play and physical fitness.
By the second decade of the twentieth century, "primitive" living was on its way out at many camps, replaced by an emphasis on team play, sportsmanship, and loyalty.
Katharine Ridgeway Camp, Jefferson, ca. 1940sItem 9869 info
Maine Historical Society
Katharine Ridgeway, the stage name of Katharine Hunt, a popular entertainer on the Chautauqua circuit, and Ella Harding Peffer, a vocalist whose husband ran the Redpath Chatauqua series, opened the Katharine Ridgeway Camp on Clary Lake in Jefferson.
The camp stressed the "physical, mental, moral, and social development" of the campers, ages seven to twenty-one.
Faculty at Camp Merryweather, North Belgrade, ca. 1920Item 10083 info
Maine Historical Society
Camp Merryweather faculty pause for tea at the camp on Horse Point at Great Pond, North Belgrade. Henry (Skipper) Richards (1848-1949), front, center, director of Camp Merryweather in the early 1900s, poses with the "faculty," as counselors were called. The camp was primarily for boys -- many coming from Groton School in Massachusetts -- although one or two girls attended during the camp's early years.
The tea party in the woods suggests much about the style of the camp and the population to whom it appealed.
Senior Campers, Katharine Ridgeway Camp for GirlsItem 9968 info
Maine Historical Society
An early camp brochure noted that "Health is the greatest purpose of camp life." Campers could learn to make wise use of their time, eat wholesome food, and enjoy good sanitation. The camp operated on Clary Lake in Jefferson from 1923 into the 1940s.
Because of the interests of the directors, dramatics played a big role in camp activities, although sports, crafts, music, and outdoor trips also were popular.
Campers wore uniforms at most camps until the 1940s. Girls' uniforms were the same at all camps: dark bloomers and sailor-style tops.
Archery at Camp Runoia, Belgrade Lakes, 1947Item 10150 info
Camp Runoia
Archery remained a popular activity for girls, even though the outfits changed from the 1920s when the previous picture was taken to 1947 when campers at Camp Runoia posed for this photo.
The camp, founded in 1907 for girls ages 8 to 15, stresses building "life long skills." Like many summer camps, Runoia considers formation of lasting friendships an important benefit.
Campers are Molly Marble, Nan Hadley, Barbie Warren, and Katherine Anderson.
Lanier camper weavingItem 9880 info
Maine Historical Society
"Living is the supreme art that all other arts should serve," Lanier Camp officials believed.
The camp Sidney Lanier Jr. and his wife, Elizabeth Maude Masson Lanier ("Muzzie"), operated in Eliot beginning in 1908, stressed "responsibility as honor." College students served as counselors and played along with campers.
A full crafts program was part of the progression campers made from "primitive" or individualistic communities based on Native American life, to "tribal" or individualism within a group living based on American frontier life, and finally to "spiritual" communities, based on farm and home life.
Sidney Lanier Jr., who founded the camp, was the son of the poet Sidney Lanier. The camp began in 1906 as the Woodland Farm Home School in Connecticut, moved to Eliot in 1908 and began to focus primarily on youths.
In 1937, Theresa Ricker weaves as part of the Arts and Crafts program.
Basket weaving at Lanier CampItem 9881 info
Maine Historical Society
Young campers and older mentors weave baskets in the Camp Office at Lanier Camp in Eliot in 1913 or 1914.
In the photo are Miss Ford, Miriam Coffin, Frances Elliot, Margaret Watkins, Perry Harlowe, Sterling David, Josephine Lanier, Charlotte McClareg, and Elsie Sarton.
Campers sang frequently during the day. Poet Sidney Lanier Sr. had written "Music will revolutionize the world."
Also important were festivals based on various farm activities such as haying, corn planting, and harvests.
Acting Out Bible Stories, Camp LanierItem 9972 info
Maine Historical Society
On Sundays, campers and staff acted out "primitive" Bible dramas that were written by Camp Director Sidney Lanier Jr. After his death in 1918, his widow, Elizabeth Maude Masson Lanier, and, later, Lanier children Sterling, John, and David carried on the camp and the dramas.
The camp's strict curriculum also included woodworking, folk dancing, nature study, and camping and hiking trips. The camp closed in the early 1940s.
Bungalow at Katharine Ridgeway Camp, JeffersonItem 9969 info
Maine Historical Society
Every morning, girls at the Katharine Ridgeway Camp attended chapel and a hymn sing. Like many summer-long camps, Ridgeway believed that being close to nature helped develop character and that camp promoted "freedom of association in a wholesome democratic environment."
Girls of different ages participated in different activities.
At most camps, concern with the benefits of "primitive" living gave way by the 1920s and 1930s to camps as training grounds for leadership, group living, and an emphasis on mental, physical, social, and spiritual growth.
Camp Winnebago Bunk 1, 1947Item 7399 info
Camp Winnebago
Many youths attended the same summer-long camp for many years. Most camps accept boys or girls from ages eight to fifteen.
Camp programs are based on the idea that being outdoors promotes not only knowledge of nature and survival skills, but unique opportunities for group interactions and connections among campers and between campers and staff.
Private camps, like Camp Winnebago in Fayette, dot lakes and rivers throughout Maine. Other camps are operated by agencies or churches.
Groups such as Boy and Girl Scouts and Camp Fire Girls also operate camps throughout the state, although most campers attend those for a week or two, not the whole summer.
These campers from Bunk 1 posed on the steps of their bunkhouse in 1947.
Bunk 1 occupants from 1947, Camp Winnebago, 1995Item 7398 info
Camp Winnebago
Forty-eight years later, three of the 1947 Bunk 1 campers returned to Camp Winnebago in Fayette for a reunion, posing on the same steps. Winnebago, like many camps, has an active alumni association so campers can stay in touch with one another and with the camp.
Camp Merryweather Farewell Message, 1938Item 10085 info
Maine Historical Society
Camaraderie and enduring friendships are not just for campers. Former faculty members of Camp Merryweather, North Belgrade, many of whom also had been campers, bade a touching farewell to Henry Richards ("Skipper") when the camp closed for good.
Waterfront, Camp Runoia, 1951Item 10153 info
Camp Runoia
By the later decades of the twentieth century, many of the summer-long camps began encouraging attendance by youths of different races, social classes, religions, ethnic backgrounds, and youths from other countries.
Most of the camps that once sought to teach elite boys to be "men" now have much broader visions of what it means to get along in today's world.
Jeff Clark, "They Took to the Woods," Downeast Magazine, v. 39, no. 6 (January 1993), 52.
Eleanor Eells, History of Organized Camping: The First 100 Years (Martinsville, Ind.: American Camping Association, 1986)
Maine Youth Camping Association A Handbook of Summer Camps 1926: An Annual Survey (Boston: Porter Sargent, 1926)
Maine Historical Society Collections: The Yellow House Papers; Lanier Camp Papers; Peffer Redpath Chautauqua Collection