text:
Early one morning, about a quarter till seven, Larry Washington heard a knock at his front door. When he looked out, he saw a phalanx of Springfield police officers.
"Who y'all here to see?" he asked.
They had a search warrant with his name on it. He let them in.
Built like a boulder, the 35-year-old Washington was hard to handcuff; the cops had to string three sets together to lock his arms behind his back. He lay face-down on the floor as officers from the Springfield Police Department, the Sangamon County Sheriff's Office, and the federal Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms swarmed through his 4,000-square-foot Guemes Court home.
The uniformed officers were joined by plainclothes detectives, at least one assistant state's attorney, and a dog trained to find narcotics. The police officers eventually allowed Washington to sit upright in a dining-room chair and let his lady friend leave long enough to take his then-11-year-old son to school.
Sometime after transferring Washington to a squad car, detectives from the SPD's major-case unit found drugs hidden inside boxes of graham crackers — two sandwich bags full of cocaine, weighing half a kilo, or about 1 pound. They also found a scale dusted with a powdery white substance, plus $4,810 in cash.
The next day, the State Journal-Register announced the bust on the front of its City/State section with a boastful quote from SPD Lt. Rickey Davis.
"This is a big-time dealer for us," Davis said. "This guy is huge, probably the biggest we've pulled down. We hit him on a light day."
Facing a possible 100-year prison sentence, Washington was held on a bond of $1 million.
But what looked like a slam-dunk case
didn't play out that way. The two detectives who instigated Washington's arrest — Paul Carpenter and Jim Graham — had just come under scrutiny at the time of the dawn raid. Over the following year and a half, as the investigation of the two cops intensified, the case against Washington fell apart. In October 2006, the SPD fired Carpenter and Graham for misconduct; last month, Sangamon County State's Attorney John Schmidt dismissed charges against Washington, citing problems with the sworn affidavit used to obtain the search warrant executed at his home.
Now Schmidt's first assistant, Steve Weinhoeft, won't discuss the alleged crime.
"The issue in this case wasn't about his ultimate innocence or guilt as to the drugs found inside his house. The issue was the procedure for obtaining the search warrant to get into his house," Weinhoeft says.
Washington rejects Weinhoeft's suggestion that he escaped on a technicality. He has spent the past two years avowing his innocence and fuming that he was framed. Who did it? How? Why? He has theories, nothing he can actually prove. But he's not the kind of man who turns the other cheek: A former high-ranking member of the notorious Chicago-based Vice Lords gang, Washington is seeking revenge.
"They were looking to take my life," he says, citing the possible 100-year sentence. "If you take my life, you take my son's life, you take my daughter's life. What do that leave me? How can they give me that back?"
People who know Washington don't call him Larry; they call him "Hollywood." It's a nickname his older brother tagged him with so many years ago, Washington can't say exactly why. But it still suits his personality — talkative, sharp, and charming when he wants to be — as well as his lifestyle. He has always had at least one foot in showbiz or something kin to it.
Washington promotes a roster of rap and R&B artists, including Ruff Ryders, Johnny P, Twista, and Bubba Sparxxx. He has a financial stake in a limousine business and a clothing store, and was once part-owner of a handful of Chicago-area bookstores specializing in the works of black authors. When he moved to Springfield, in 2002, he worked at a mall kiosk called DeVassi's Hip Hop Mix Shop, selling CDs and cell phone accessories.
Before that, Washington spent virtually every weekend taking his clothes off onstage to the tune of "Shake What Your Momma Gave You." A friend who was working his way through college performing as an exotic dancer persuaded Washington to get into the business. They teamed up with several other dancers, dubbed themselves the Chicago Bad Boyz, and performed at nightclubs that Washington wasn't even old enough to get into. They made occasional appearances in Springfield, usually at Strike 'n Spare East. It was a lucrative vocation and one that Washington kept secret from his gang brethren.
"That was my balance to the street life," he says.
Washington doesn't dress up his criminal background. Growing up on the South Side of Chicago, with a gangbanging big brother and no father at home, he became "affiliated with an organization" by the time he was 10. "I was running with the big boys," he says.
He can still recite the bylaws of the Vice Lords, in which he says he held the title of "five-star minister elite." He missed his senior year of high school because he was in prison for attempted first-degree murder. While on parole, he was arrested for possession of a controlled substance and given a 30-month sentence. In both cases, Washington pleaded guilty.
Records obtained by Illinois Times indicate that the first charge came when Washington and older brother Vincent Smith used sticks, bottles, and a hubcap to beat a senior citizen who lived at their own address. Though Washington is reluctant to talk about the charge, he says that the victim was his uncle and that the beating occurred during an alcohol-fueled family squabble. Clowning around took a sudden and serious turn, and no one realized that the uncle had sustained a broken rib and a punctured lung. He almost bled to death, elevating what could've been a simple battery to attempted murder.
Washington says that Smith — then "fresh outta jail" on an armed-robbery conviction — persuaded him to take the blame, even though he wasn't responsible.
"Me being young and dumb and not understanding how serious this offense was, all I knew was, my big brother was going to go away for a long time," Washington recalls. "So I told the people that I did it. I confessed to everything . . . but they didn't believe my confession."
Court records lend credence to his account: While in jail awaiting trial, Smith sent a letter to the judge, begging for leniency and saying, "My brother Larry Washington made a confession to my public defendant [sic] that I had nothing to do with the case." But even though Washington was held on a higher bond than his brother, Smith ended up with a nine-year sentence. Washington got six.
He also disputes the 1993 drug charge. The court file begins with a Chicago police report saying that officers pulled Washington over because they knew he didn't have a driver's license and that a subsequent search turned up packets of cocaine and heroin commingled with $960 in cash in the front pocket of his pants. Washington claims instead that a passenger set him up, leaving drugs in his car. He also insists that he was wearing breakaway pants that snapped down the sides and had no pockets. The cops who made the report, he says, were not Chicago's finest. The allegation that he possessed heroin infuriates him.
"I ain't never in my life sold no heroin!" he says. "God snatch the breath outta my son right now if I'm lying. I ain't never been involved with heroin."
Make no mistake: Washington doesn't claim to be innocent, just innocent of these particular charges.
"Somehow the things I get charged with is things I haven't done," he says, "and things I have done, I never got caught."
Aside from some "baby's-mama drama," Washington insists he's been clean ever since he first came to Springfield, in 1995. That gang affiliation is a memory: "I renounced my title more 12 years ago," he says. Never a smoker, drinker, or gambler, he lifts weights regularly and plays basketball with a group of local businessmen every weekday.
His lavish lifestyle — the SPD seized his Cadillac Escalade, leaving him with his Chrysler 300C — he explains as the result of wise investments (the limo company, the clothing store, the music promotions) and the kind of enterprises that don't issue W-2's.
"I have invested in things that people give me back gifts," he says.
Terry Byrd, a local entertainment promoter also known as "Big T" or "DJ TZ," says that he has known Washington about 10 years and considers him a close and dependable friend. When he heard about the drug bust, Byrd says, he didn't believe it.
"I knew good and well that he was a good guy. I don't know what was going on with the case, but I knew that the picture they were painting wasn't true," he says. "I trust my heart, because I knew how he is."
But probably no one was more surprised at Washington's arrest than the woman who is the mother of his 13-year-old son. Now a radiology technician and living in Chicago, she is comfortable in her decision to give Washington full custody of their son, whom Washington has reared on his own for more than 11 years.
"Back when we were together, it was always about the Vice Lords and the gangbangers," she says, speaking on the condition that her name not be publicized. "Now, I never see him with a whole lotta guys. It's maybe one of his lady friends and maybe somebody he's going to play basketball with.
"If I felt like he was selling drugs, believe me, my son would not be with him," she says. "I always felt that my son was safe and well taken care of."
Their child attends a private school, where he makes A's and B's. Washington frets over whether his son has enough to eat at school — often picking up a restaurant meal and delivering it to him — what time he'll be done with basketball practice, and whether he's done his homework.
"I have raised a beautiful son," Washington says. "He's very mannerable; he's just an all-around good kid. He's nothing like me."
The early-morning raid, when the child was awakened by cops, is something Washington says his boy has never wanted to discuss.
"I did ask him: 'Do you think your daddy sell drugs?' And he said no," Washington says. "I said, 'How do you know?' And he said: Because I know everything you do.' "
Ward 2 Ald. Frank McNeil read about Washington's arrest in the daily newspaper, recognized him as someone he had met in passing, and immediately wondered why he had never heard that Washington was linked to drugs.
"His name would've been bouncing real heavy over in my ward, where, unfortunately, the street sales are done," McNeil says. "Something would've come up."
Months later, he bumped into Washington, who told McNeil that he was innocent. The alderman then checked with the SPD narcotics unit and learned that those officers also hadn't received any complaints mentioning Washington as a drug dealer.
But Washington hadn't been arrested by the narcotics squad; he had been arrested by the SPD "major-case unit," the detectives charged with investigating the most serious crimes.
That information troubled McNeil, who had been hearing complaints about the unit's two top detectives — Paul Carpenter and Jim Graham — for several months. The pair, who often worked as partners, had claimed the alderman's attention in November 2004, when a friend called him seeking help in getting her husband out of jail. She said he was being detained because the detectives wanted him to testify at the murder trial of Anthony Grimm — a decade-old "cold case" that Carpenter and Graham believed they had solved. McNeil's friend's husband appeared in court wearing stripes and chains, but his testimony didn't help the prosecution. Grimm was acquitted.
McNeil had become even more concerned after the Grimm trial, when investigator Bill Clutter filed a formal complaint with the SPD, accusing Carpenter and Graham of concealing reports and intimidating a witness [see "Credibility question," Feb. 24, 2005].
Clutter's complaint was quickly followed by another, this one from Springfield defense attorney Bruce Locher. Resubmitting a complaint he had filed in 2001, Locher accused Carpenter, Graham, and SPD Detective Steve Welsh of misconduct in three separate cases. One of those cases involved Reco Faine, who faced federal drug charges after Carpenter, Graham, and Welsh obtained a search warrant through an affidavit stating that they had found evidence of drugs in his curbside trash. After Locher proved — and a federal investigator confirmed — that Faine had never put his trash out by the curb, the charges were dismissed.
McNeil used these complaints to fuel the fire for the establishment of a citizen police-review board, which he had been proposing for years. [see "Fast track," April 21, 2005].
But defense attorneys and politicians weren't the only ones concerned about Carpenter and Graham. Then-Sgt. Ron Vose, who supervised the SPD narcotics unit, had noticed that the two major-case detectives had been conducting "trash rips," claiming to find evidence of drug use, and using that evidence as a pretext to obtain search warrants seeking weapons, bloody clothing, and other items unrelated to narcotics. Vose also complained that the two detectives were using and paying confidential informants without properly registering them.
SPD Chief Don Kliment shared Vose's concerns, and on June 18, 2004, Kliment met with the major-case unit supervisor and told him to have his detectives share any narcotics information they gathered with Vose's unit and to immediately discontinue their practice of conducting trash rips.
Records suggest that Carpenter and Graham disregarded Kliment's order: Just a month later, they conducted a trash rip at an address that wasn't even within the Springfield city limits.
Tensions increased as Vose — the by-the-books narcotics supervisor — continued to criticize the more creative major-case detectives. The situation erupted on Nov. 16, 2004, when Vose attended the Grimm trial to watch Graham testify. During a break, the two officers had an argument in the courtroom, and Graham filed an internal-affairs complaint against Vose.
The next month, Deputy Chief Bill Rouse — in charge of both the narcotics and major-case units — ordered Vose to list in writing any concerns he had about Carpenter and Graham. On March 2, 2005, Vose submitted this list in the form of a 20-page memo.
Two weeks later, as Carpenter and Graham set out to arrest Larry Washington, the detectives repeated the very tactics Vose had complained about.
According to their own reports, Carpenter and Graham conducted surveillance near Washington's home on March 15, 2005, watching him get into his Escalade.
The next day, at exactly 10 a.m., Carpenter saw two brown trash cans in front of Washington's home and notified Graham, who arrived in a covert vehicle to collect "several white plastic trash bags" (the exact number has never been specified). The detectives then met at another undisclosed location to sift through Washington's garbage.
Among the items they claim to have found: a receipt from Starcrest dry cleaners; a hand-drawn construction plan for an outdoor basketball court; a handwritten note outlining a plan to pay about $30,000 in household expenses, including the mortgage and private-school tuition; and — most important — "two quart sized plastic bags with large corners cut from them and a small amount of suspected cocaine residue on the bags" plus another whole plastic bag.
At 6:30 that evening, Graham appeared before Judge Roger Holmes with a sworn affidavit listing these items, stating that a field test conducted by Carpenter showed that the plastic bags had contained cocaine and that a weapon purchased on Washington's behalf had been used to kill a Chicago cop.
No documentation linking Washington to the death of a Chicago cop was ever produced, and the affidavit doesn't mention that the weapon in question was recovered within hours of the officer's death — in 1999. But Graham got his search warrant.
Vose — the former narcotics-unit supervisor, who ultimately resigned from the department and filed a federal lawsuit against Kliment and Rouse — says he remembers seeing members of the SPD Emergency Response Team in the hallways of the police station in the predawn hours of March 17.
"I saw a couple of ERT guys and said, 'How's it going?' They were doing a search warrant for major case," Vose recalls.
Nobody mentioned narcotics.
"I didn't ask," Vose says. "It was just in passing, and I was tired."
His officers had conducted a drug raid on the night of March 16, and Vose had spent the entire night booking evidence, reviewing his officers' reports, and sending a memo up the chain of command. He was headed home.
Carpenter and Graham and scores of other officers were headed to Washington's place.
Records show that the house was secure by 6:43 a.m., allowing officers to begin searching in earnest. At 6:58, Carpenter found $4,010 in cash, and at 7 o'clock he found a scale. At 7:12 a.m., Detective J.T. Wooldridge found a box of 500 Ziploc bags and an open box of rubber gloves in the laundry room.
Wooldridge noticed that Washington — handcuffed and seated in the dining room, near the front door — was keeping an eye on officers near the pantry, which was a closet in the hallway. Wooldridge asked Sangamon County Sheriff's Deputy Brian Stapleton to have his
K-9 partner, Rocky, search the pantry, but Rocky didn't find any narcotics.
At 8:50 a.m., with Carpenter watching, Wooldridge searched the pantry himself and discovered cracker boxes full of cocaine.
From the beginning, Washington claimed that he had been set up. His house had a keyless entry system, and several friends knew the access code, though not the code to lock the front door when they left. Records show someone set off the burglar alarm at his home on the afternoon of March 15, but nothing appeared to be missing.
Who could have planted a half-kilo of cocaine? No one knows whether the drugs found in his house constituted a true half-kilo. Prosecutors don't test the purity of narcotics in state cases, only federal cases. The cocaine found in Washington's cracker boxes apparently didn't pass a trained dog's sniff test.
After his arrest, Washington began receiving persistent phone calls from a man who was later convicted of federal drug trafficking charges. The man offered to help Washington, but the calls were upsetting because the man quoted facts from police reports in Washington's case — documents no one else should have had. Washington's lawyer, Jon Gray Noll, describes the calls as "goofy."
"He knew what was going on, he had great detail, and he was saying things like, 'I can really help you out.' He knew very intricate details that had not been reported in the news media," Noll says.
The calls stopped after Noll invited the man to a meeting with a federal agent.
In an echo of the Reco Faine case, Washington has a document from Waste Management's dispatch log showing that his trash wasn't out at 9:55 a.m. on the morning of March 16, 2005 — five minutes before Carpenter and Graham claimed to have confiscated it. The receipts and notes Graham said he found in the trash are items Washington swears he wouldn't have thrown away.
He also questioned the field test Carpenter claimed to have conducted on quart-size plastic bags. Noll wrote at least three letters to prosecutor Amy Wolff requesting to have the bags sent to the Illinois State Police for forensics testing. Noll didn't press the issue, however, because he was in no hurry to take Washington's case to trial. The longer things dragged on, the worse Carpenter and Graham looked. That 20-page memo written by Vose had been turned over to the ISP, and the preliminary investigation had resulted in both detectives' being put on paid administrative leave.
But Washington's problems weren't over. One morning, while working out at Gold's Gym, he was approached by SPD Lt. Rickey Davis, who made a couple of attempts to strike up a friendly conversation. Washington refused, telling Davis that he wasn't his friend. Davis claimed that Washington also cursed and said "Go back to your yellow crib," which Davis, who had recently painted his house yellow, interpreted as a threat.
After mulling over the exchange for a few days, Davis called the state's attorney's office, and Washington was rearrested, this time for violation of his bond. Though there was no new charge against Washington, the judge added another $1 million to his bond. He spent more than two months in jail before he gathered enough funds to bond out.
Ald. McNeil says this second arrest convinced him that something was amiss with Washington's case, and he began asking that the results of the ISP investigation into Carpenter and Graham's alleged misconduct be made public.
"It's not something I would normally do, but when you see something gone so far afoul, you've got to ask yourself — wouldn't you want somebody to step up and help you if they were in a position to make a difference? If you see injustice and you can almost put your finger on it, you need to make sure that you are not participating in it," McNeil says. "If our police department has done something inappropriate or illegal, I can either endorse it or I can ask for something to be done about it."
An inkling of what the ISP had discovered during its investigation of the two officers emerged in September, when Illinois Times obtained a 30-page summary report [see "Above the law," Sept. 28]. Three weeks later, Springfield City Council members and the mainstream media received redacted copies of the same report, and the State Journal-Register posted the summary on its Web site. On Oct. 24, Carpenter and Graham were fired.
About the same time — no one involved can pin down the exact date — Noll finally received the answer to the question he had been asking on Washington's behalf for more than a year. Those quart-size plastic bags allegedly found in Washington's trash — the bags that Carpenter claimed tested positive for cocaine — had been tested by the ISP forensics lab, and the results indicated no cocaine had ever been stored in the bags.
Without that evidence, there was no probable cause for a search warrant, and the case against Washington was dismissed.
Records indicate that these results were sent to the SPD as early as June 15 — six weeks before Washington bonded out after being arrested for "harassing" Davis — but somehow never made it into the hands of Noll or prosecutors until months later.
First assistant state's attorney Steve Weinhoeft swears that there was no malice involved. "[The lab] sends reports to SPD with a CC to our office. A handful of them get lost in the shuffle," he says. "I'm proud of the way we handled this case."
Washington, just emerging after two years spent living under a cloud of suspicion, has a different perspective. He wants to pursue a criminal case against Carpenter and Graham for perjury and says that he's consulting with "political friends" about filing a civil lawsuit.
What would he ask for? What would make him whole? Washington becomes uncharacteristically quiet. "Don't type," he says. "I got to word this right."
But he never arrives at a dollar amount or any other tidy answer:
"They were looking to kill me — to take my life unjustly — and they failed. Now it's my turn. What should I do?"
The case against alleged drug dealer Larry Washington overlapped with growing questions about the practices of Springfield police detectives Jim Graham and Paul Carpenter.
June 18, 2004 — SPD Chief Don Kliment meets with the major-case unit supervisor. Kliment orders the unit, which includes detectives Jim Graham and Paul Carpenter, to stop using trash rips and to notify the narcotics unit of all drug-related information they gather.
Nov. 16, 2004 — During a break in the murder trial of Anthony Grimm, Graham gets into an argument with SPD Sgt. Ron Vose, then supervisor of the narcotics unit, who was in the courtroom as a spectator. Grimm is later acquitted.
March 2, 2005 — Vose gives Kliment a 20-page memo outlining numerous concerns about Carpenter and Graham, including allegations that the detectives improperly used trash rips to obtain search warrants.
March 15, 2005 — Larry Washington's home burglar alarm goes off at 1:47 p.m., and the alarm company notifies the SPD. Washington determines that nothing is missing. That same day, Carpenter and Graham conduct surveillance of Washington's residence.
March 16, 2005 — At 9:55 a.m., a Waste Management trash collector notes in his log that Washington's trash is not on the curb. At 10 a.m., Carpenter and Graham reportedly conduct a trash-rip at Washington's home. At 6:30 p.m., Graham meets with Judge Roger Holmes and presents a sworn affidavit stating that Washington's trash contained plastic bags that tested positive for cocaine residue. Holmes signs a search warrant giving the SPD the right to raid Washington's residence.
March 17, 2005 — At 6:43 a.m., SPD executes a search warrant at Washington's residence and finds a half-kilo of cocaine. Washington and a female companion are arrested; Washington's bond is set at $1 million.
March 21, 2005 — Graham submits a written report of the March 16 trash rip he and Carpenter conducted at Washington's home.
April 21, 2005 — Washington waives his right to a preliminary hearing. His bond reduced from $1 million to $200,000. A few days later, he bonds out of jail.
June 2, 2005 — At the request of the SPD, Illinois State Police begin investigating Carpenter and Graham, using Vose's 20-page memo.
Aug. 10, 2005 — Washington's attorney, Jon Gray Noll, writes to Amy Wolff, a Sangamon County assistant state's attorney, asking that the plastic bags taken from Washington's trash be sent to the ISP crime lab for testing.
Sept. 26, 2005 — Noll again writes to Wolff asking for forensic analysis of the plastic bags allegedly found in Washington's trash.
Oct. 4, 2005 — Carpenter is put on administrative leave.
Nov. 11, 2005 — Noll again writes to Wolff, requesting forensic analysis of the bags allegedly found in Washington's trash, as well as Graham's sworn affidavit used to obtain the search warrant.
Jan. 17, 2006 — Graham is put on administrative leave.
May 11, 2006 — Noll files a motion for disclosure of confidential witness(es), asking the court to compel Carpenter and Graham to name any informant who gave them information about Washington. Wolff later responds by telling the court that no confidential informants were involved in Washington's case.
May 17, 2006 — The ISP receives a letter from Gregory Harris, an assistant U.S. attorney, declining to prosecute criminal charges against Carpenter or Graham.
May 25, 2006 — Two days after crossing paths with SPD Lt. Rickey Davis at Gold's Gym, Washington is arrested for "harassing" Davis. Davis claims that after several attempts to establish a friendly conversation with Washington, Washington told him to "go back to your . . . crib" and described the color of Davis' home — words Davis interpreted as a threat. Judge Leo Zappa increases Washington's bond to $1.2
June 5, 2006 — ISP investigators receive a letter from special appellate prosecutor Charles Zalar in which he declines to pursue criminal charges against Carpenter and Graham.
June 7, 2006 — An SPD evidence technician delivers the evidence collected from Washington's trash to the ISP's forensics lab for testing.
June 15, 2006 — The ISP forensics lab sends SPD Lt. Greg Williamson a report showing "no scheduled substance found" on the plastic bags from Washington's trash.
Aug. 3, 2006 — Washington bonds out of jail.
Oct. 18, 2006 — The ISP forensics lab sends the SPD's Williamson a fingerprint analysis report of the evidence from the Washington trash-rip. It shows no fingerprints on the bags.
Oct. 24, 2006 — Carpenter and Graham are fired.
Oct. 26, 2006 — Carpenter is indicted by a grand jury for wire fraud and official misconduct.
Jan. 2, 2007 — Noll files a motion requesting a hearing to determine whether the search warrant in Washington's case was obtained properly.
Jan. 26, 2007 — Sangamon County State's Attorney John Schmidt dismisses all charges against Washington.
— Compiled by Dusty Rhodes


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You don't have to buy a Nissan Leaf to have an emissions-free ride to work. Instead of shelling out in excess of $20,000 for a fancy new electric vehicle, spend a few hundred and buy a bike. Cycling, in general, is getting popular in some of the nation's largest cities and this trend is spilling over into the daily commute.
The topic was covered in a segment on Monday's Morning Edition on NPR. According to the story, cycling has tripled over the past two decades in some of the nation's largest cities including Chicago, Minneapolis, San Francisco and Washington, D.C. This surge in cycling has also increased the amount of two-wheeled commuters in these cities.
Biking to work provides health benefits to you and the environment, but it is also a great way to network with coworkers. The NPR story points out a lunchtime bike ride tradition at National Geographic spearheaded by John Fahey, the company's CEO. What better way to cozy up to the boss than to head out for a noontime bike ride?
"Fahey, an avid biker, says he's just trying to encourage a little exercise — and he wants the opportunity to get to know folks informally. As the group makes the 15-mile trek to Hains Point along the Potomac River and back, Fahey makes a point of chatting with everyone, staffers say." Source: NPR
Biking to work is good for your health, a better choice for the environment and it might help you get in good with the boss. There's yet another benefit of biking to work — saving money. Obviously you save money on gas as you aren't driving your car to and from work every day but you also reduce the maintenance fees on your car. Your oil won't need to be changed as frequently and you won't have to get your tires rotated as often. Die-hard cyclists can save even more money by going car-free.
Biking to work can also be beneficial to your company, especially if they are jumping on the green building bandwagon. The U.S. Green Building Council's LEED rating systems provides a point to projects that provide bicycle storage and changing rooms for company employees.
There are a bevy of benefits of biking to work. If you use pedal power to get to your workplace, what benefits would you add to this list?
Also on MNN:

subset: commoncrawl


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Ethnic Groups of Wisconsin
This entry was originally written by Dawn M. Knauft and Carol L. Maki in Red Book: American State, County, and Town Sources.
African American
Records indicate, according to Zachary Cooper in Black Settlers in Rural Wisconsin (Madison, Wis.: State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 1977), that African Americans were in Wisconsin as early as the 1700s serving as trappers, guides, boatmen, and interpreters to the French voyageurs and fur traders. Southerners from Kentucky, Virginia, and North Carolina who migrated to Wisconsin during the territorial period settled in the lead-mining, southwestern counties of Grant and Iowa, some bringing their slaves. African Americans also came as slaves to military personnel or immigrated as freemen or runaway slaves. In 1840 Wisconsin Territory counted 185 free African Americans and eleven slaves. Ten years later there were 635 free African Americans and no slaves counted.
The numbers from that 1840 census exemplify the state's position on slavery. The first abolitionist society was formed in Racine County in 1840, followed by the publication of the anti-slavery newspaper, Wisconsin Aegis, in 1843. African Americans from the South were assisted in the 1850s through the 'underground railroad' of Wisconsin to freedom in Canada. In 1857 the legislature passed a 'personal liberty law.'
The Wisconsin Black Historical Museum, 2620 W. Center St., Milwaukee, WI 53206, is collecting museum artifacts, photographs, papers, and books related to Wisconsin's African-American population, especially from rural areas.
For additional information see:
Clark, James I. 'Wisconsin Defies the Fugitive Slave Law: The Case of Sherman M. Booth.' Chronicles of Wisconsin. Vol. 5. Madison, Wis.: State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 1955.
Danky, James P., ed. African American Newspapers and Periodicals: A National Bibliography. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1998.
Davidson, John Nelson. Negro Slavery in Wisconsin and the Underground Railroad. No. 18. Milwaukee, Wis.: Parkman Club Publications, 1897.
Gilson, Norman Shepard. Papers, 1860'1901. Wisconsin Historical Society. These papers include muster rolls for the 58th Infantry Regiment of U.S. Colored Troops from Wisconsin, MS 62-2651 at Wisconsin Historical Society.
Native American
When Jean Nicolet landed at the Red Banks of Lake Michigan in 1634, he would have been met by the Winnebago tribe, which lived in large numbers in the Green Bay region. The Native Americans in the seventeenth century included the Sioux, Potawatomi, Sauk, Fox, Mascouten, Miami, Kickapoo, Huron, and Ottawa. In the early nineteenth century, the removal and containment of the natives began its deceptive chronicle. In some cases, land vacated by one tribe was occupied by another, resulting in two treaties on one parcel of land, requiring at times the repurchase of the same land.
There were eleven treaties between 1829 and 1848 with the Native Americans of Wisconsin. The Kickapoo, Winnebago, and Potawatomi migrated to Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, and Mexico after surrendering all their land except for their reservations. The Menominee nation remained in Wisconsin, as did a few Potawatomi and many Chippewa.
In 1984 there were six Chippewa reservations in northern Wisconsin, a group of Potawatomi on federal trust tribal land in Forest County, and a Menominee reservation in Menominee County. The Stockbridge-Munsee reservation is in Shawano County, and the Brotherton tribe has been assimilated into this group. The Oneida reservation lies in Brown and Outagamie counties. The Wisconsin Winnebago, unlike those removed to a reservation in Nebraska, live in tribal settlements and scattered tracts of land across the state. For further information refer to Stewart Rafert, 'American-Indian Genealogical Research in the Midwest: Resources and Perspectives,' National Genealogical Society Quarterly 76 (September 1988): 212-24. This excellent and informative article identifies pertinent local and county level records, extensive federal documentation, and miscellaneous resources.
A search of the county court records could be useful. Many Native Americans tried to sue those settlers who they believed had unjustly acquired their Indian land allotments. Probate files may contain guardianship records. National Archives collections of treaties and annuity rolls are of utmost importance (see pages 11-12).
Also see Philip C. Bantin, Guide to Catholic Indian Mission and School Records in Midwest Repositories (Milwaukee, Wis.: Marquette University Libraries, Department of Special Collections and University Archives, 1984); Nancy Oestreich Lurie, Wisconsin Indians (Revised. Madison, Wis.: State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 2002); William C. Sturtevant, ed., Handbook of North American Indians, vol. 15, 'The Northeast' (Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution, 1978'1998) and Patty Loew, Indian Nations of Wisconsin: Histories of Endurance and Renewal (Madison, Wis.: Wisconsin Historical Society Press, 2001).
The Wisconsin Historical Society has the largest collection in the United States of Native American newspapers and periodicals. Refer to James P. Danky, Native American Periodicals and Newspapers, 1828'1982: Bibliography, Publishing Record and Holdings (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1984).
Other Ethnic Groups
French-Canadians were the earliest European immigrants in Wisconsin. They had crossed the border as fur traders and military personnel, settling in Prairie du Chien, Green Bay, and points west, marrying into the native families. Later French-Canadian immigrants came to the state with the lumber industry, and many migrated from previous homes in New York state. There were also numerous Canadian immigrants who were neither of French descent nor from Quebec. Many came from Ontario and the Atlantic provinces.
In 1850 there were over 21,000 Irish living in Wisconsin. The Irish were the largest English-speaking foreign-born group in the state. Their population was spread across the southern counties, with the largest number in Milwaukee County and a sizable number in the lead-mining county of Lafayette. The English also settled in the southern counties, coming to the lead region as early as 1827. Colonies of English settlers were established in Racine, Columbia, and Dane counties. The Scots settled, although not in great numbers, in the southern and eastern sections of the state; the Welsh immigrated to Wisconsin in the 1840s and 1850s. The German influx began in the late 1830s, the first German colony of 800 (possibly an exaggerated number) landing in Milwaukee in 1839. By 1850 first-generation Germans constituted about 12 percent of the state population. The government had actively sought German immigrants, beginning in the 1840s, by distributing leaflets in Germany's coastal areas. Later they established, via an 1852 law, a commissioner of immigration to live in New York and promote Wisconsin's advantages. In 1854 a branch office was established in Quebec, although German immigration through that port was small. However, it was the letters sent from Wisconsin to Germany by the first settlers that actually stimulated the continued immigration to Wisconsin. Many of the letters, telling of good available land and the freedom to prosper, were published in Germany.
Although there were not large numbers of Norwegians in Wisconsin compared to Germans, two-thirds of all Norwegians in the United States in 1850 resided in Wisconsin. Most of the Dutch who had immigrated early to Wisconsin, lived in Sheboygan, Brown, and Milwaukee counties. A few Swiss were in the state as early as 1834 but came in larger numbers in the 1840s. The village of New Glarus in Green County still maintains the Swiss heritage of the original settlers in 1845. Danish immigrants to Wisconsin settled in Winnebago, Racine, and Dane counties prior to 1870. Icelanders settled on Washington Island in Door County in the early 1870s. From 1870 through 1920 there was immigration from Poland to Wisconsin, and by the 1890s Russians made their way to this Midwest state. Finns and Italians arrived after 1900 as did Russian Jews who relocated to Milwaukee in 1910 and 1911.
Sources for ethnic study in Wisconsin include the following centers and publications:
The Vesterheim Genealogical Center, 415 W. Main St., Madison, WI 53703 is a division of the Norwegian-American Museum of Decorah, Iowa. The collection holds 800 Norwegian local histories, over 4,000 reels of microfilmed church records, 1,800 family histories, immigrant lists, passport records, and more. Some records are available on microfilm on interlibrary loan. The center acts as a clearinghouse for Norwegian-American research.
The Wisconsin Historical Society holds the Rasmus B. Anderson papers (1841'1931), fifty-five boxes of family and personal papers.
The University of Wisconsin Memorial Library at Madison has extensive material on Norwegian local history and United Kingdom research.
The Max Kade Institute for German-American Studies holds material on German-speaking immigrants and their descendants. It is located on the campus of the University of Wisconsin-Madison. The institute holds conferences and publishes books on German Americans and maintains a library of material on the subject.
The Irish Emigration Library located at the Irish Cultural and Heritage Center, 2133 W. Wisconsin Ave., Milwaukee, WI 53233 has a small but growing collection of resources. Included are Griffith's Valuation and one of the two copies of the microfilm index to sub-denominations (hard-to-find place-names) in the six-inch Maps of Ireland. See also:
Rippley, La Vern J. The Immigrant Experience in Wisconsin. Boston: G.K. Hall, 1985.


text:
Hello guys,
Hopefully everything is fine with you, i am new to this forum, and to programming in general. I have a lot of experience in networking (Cisco) and i can help ofcourse. Maybe not in this forum, cause its only for Java, and we dont wanna get the Admins angry
So, this is my first topic in the forum, and its all basically about the exercise that i have to do in my university course. So please, anyone who can provide any help, should just post it. Really, anything, any small tiny piece of info would be great .
The help/provided info can be either code or models, just post whatever you know, or feel that it can be some sort of an answer.
So here is the exercise description
Create a model representing a cinema, which is described below. The description contains information of different quality. Think twice before you model it or before you decide to drop it. If you are uncertain document your thoughts. Draw a diagram which represents the model. You can draw either simple "boxes and lines" using a pen and a piece of paper, UML Class Diagrams, or something similar. Subsequent to the diagrams, implement your model in Java and create a simple application using your model. At least, a Java Swing Table [2] has to use parts of your model to edit and represent some data. Strictly separate your model from your application. If you have to make your own assumptions, document them in a separate file. We suggest not using any tools not mentioned by us, since working with them and understanding these tools are mostly very time consuming and confusing instead of being helpful.
The Domain and Model Description
A cinema is located in a building with a unique address. The building has 3 floors. The first floor offers a huge foyer where the tickets are sold and some bars offer some food. In the second and third floor, the projection rooms are located. There are 5 rooms, which can be entered from the 2nd and the 3rd floor. Therefore, these rooms are two-storied, with 2 exits on each floor. The rooms have different seating capacity, where each seat identity is unique:
Room 1 250 seats in 20 rows
Room 2 75 seats in 20 rows
Room 3 50 seats in 11 rows
Room 4 50 seats in 5 rows
Room 5 20 seats in 4 rows
Different films are shown at the projection rooms1. A timetable for all available films is provided to the customers, showing name, room, start- and end-time. Customers can purchase tickets at the ticket office on the 1st floor. Tickets can be purchased in different pricing categories:
7 Euro seats in rows 1 – 3
10 Euro seats up from row 4
5 Euro seats on Mondays
13 Euro seats for films longer than 120 minutes
Pricing categories may change over time – for instance, during Christmas season special prices will apply. The price for a ticket is determined by the system at the time the ticket is purchased. There are 4 ticket selling windows. A ticket is valid for a defined film presented at a defined date and time for a defined seat. A duplicate ticket disposal must be prevented. Employees are hired for selling tickets and for checking tickets on each exit, but an employee cannot work on two tasks for the same time. Also, staff is not allowed to work for more than 5 hours. A shift schedule represents who is working on which place.
The Application
a) Implement your model using Java [4]. Use the Eclipse IDE [3] (including modeling tools) so you get used to it for future assignments.
b) Write a small application to create some sample data. The application must be implemented using Java Swing [1], and therefore has to strictly follow the model view controller pattern. Do not change your model fitting your application! At least, you have to provide one Java Swing Table [2] which uses your model for data input and visualization. For instance, the table can show the film timetable for the day, where each cell can be edited and new lines can be added.
Thanks a lot


text:
Can motorsports be too awesome? Jalopnik readers have found ten racing series that were so amazing, they had to be cancelled.
Welcome back to Answers of the Day — our daily Jalopnik feature where we take the best ten responses from the previous day's Question of the Day and shine it up to show off. It's by you and for you, the Jalopnik readers. Enjoy!
If you don't want to click through the gallery you can see the post in a single page right here.
Photo Credit: Getty Images
10.) Trans-Am
Suggested By: Gran Luciano
Why it failed: Set up by the SCCA in 1966, Trans-Am let US manufacturers throw all their pony cars against each other on the finest road courses in North America. The series dropped off in the 1970s and picked up again in the '80s with big tube-framed specials. In the '90s, more manufacturers moved in, costs ballooned, and everyone ended up moving out for the better-recognized endurance racing going on in Europe and then in the American Le Mans Series. Though Trans-Am is still running, the SCCA World Challenge currently carries the torch for production-based road racing here in the States.
What we learned: Give viewers something they can't get elsewhere. In the '60s, there was one place to watch Mustangs and Camaros and Javelins duke it out. The cars in the late '90s and 2000s were better raced in other championships.
Photo Credit: Getty Images
9.) A1 Grand Prix
Suggested By: Sharky2173, Senna MP4
Why it failed: The idea was to have identical open-wheel cars, but instead of organizing the cars by private or factory teams, they'd be organized by country. It would be a World Cup of F1 but the series only ran from 2005 through 2009. The racing wasn't bad at all, but A1 GP never caught on where F1 was already popular, and it never made inroads in the US, either. Management squandered its money on an already hard sell and the whole thing withered and died.
What we learned: If you're going to compete with F1, your series has to be almost impossibly brilliant in design and execution.
Photo Credit: Ross Land/Getty Images
Suggested By: Greg Jones
Why it failed: The International Race of Champions was an invitational, bringing the best drivers in the world to compete in a bunch of Porsche 911 RSRs. It was wonderful to see different drivers from different series competing in the same cars, but when IROC switched to Nascar-spec cars and started running on Nascar tracks, Nascar drivers took over the whole show and the series became pointless.
What we learned: Now the ROC, or Race of Champions, is held indoors with a variety of different cars, and it's quite successful. What you need to do is allow an even playing field for the competitors, or else the invitational will just die.
Photo Credit: Peter Revson
7.) Procar
Suggested By: HopkinsonF1
Why it failed: Back in the late '70s, BMW had a bunch of M1 racecars ineligible for endurance racing and they needed something to do with them. They called up Formula One and ran the cars as a kind of appetizer for F1 races. The cars were cool and top drivers got to compete in identical cars, like in IROC, but after a few years, the cars got stale and no one else stepped up to provide a quality replacement. Ecclestone tried again in '88 with F1-powered specials, but only one Alfa Romeo was built.
What we learned: One-make series still support F1 today, like the Porsche Cup racing just before F1 in Montreal. The concept is good, you just need stable manufacturer support to make it work.
6.) Mickey Thompson's Stadium Series
Suggested By: Cup
Why it failed: It was desert racing, but put indoors. It ran from the end of the '70s through the early '90s when the series went bankrupt. The series survived its founder's death in '88, but only for so long.
What we learned: When you run a series with a single supreme leader, it's a challenge when he dies. We're looking at you, Bernie Ecclestone. At least indoor baja racing is coming back.
5.) Group C
Suggested By: shifterkart2
Why it failed: After the awesome cars but boring racing Group 5, the world championship for endurance racing created a new category that was technologically advanced, with turbo engines, mandated fuel efficiency, and cutting edge aerodynamics called Group C. Everything seemed to be going right, with more major manufacturers competing for top honors than ever before: Porsche, Lancia, Jaguar, Aston Martin, Toyota, Mazda, Mercedes, and Peugeot. Somehow, viewership of the races plummeted anyway and the whole thing was killed off to favor F1 in the early '90s.
What we learned: You can do everything right when you build a racing series and it can still fail on you.
Photo Credit: Group C
4.) Formula 5000
Suggested By: Cygp2p
Why it failed: Instead of using high-strung and expensive F1 engines, Formula 500 used five-liter, cheap, powerful V8s. It started off in 1968, but petered out over the late '70s as costs rose. The US lost interest while cheaper F1 cars took over the formula in Europe.
What we learned: Maintain your advantage; if you're going to build a series around cheap speed, make sure it stays cheap.
Photo Credit: Jim Culp
Suggested By: Jstas
Why it failed: CART was everything we want in American open-wheeled racing. Different chassis, different engines, advanced technology, and great competition on road courses and ovals. One man, Tony George, basically shut the whole thing down as he wanted things his way and he owned the Indianapolis Motor Speedway. He made his own series, IRL, and cut CART off from Indy, which was enough to sap all the funding from CART, leaving it to atrophy. IndyCar now runs spec chassis and is a lot less interesting thanks to this epic mid-'90s CART-IRL battle.
What we learned: This kind of split has nearly happened in F1 a couple of times, but Bernie has ruled his series with an iron fist. Maintain absolute control when there's a big budget racing series at hand.
Photo Credit: Getty Images
2.) Can-Am
Suggested By: Demon-Xanth
Why it failed: Can-Am was one of the few instances when a start up racing series really worked, at least for a while. In the '60s and '70s, Can-Am offered drivers huge prizes and manufacturers nearly unrestricted regulations to come racing in the US. What we got was some of the best racing and racecars the world has seen. The problem was that the teams got too successful for their own good, with McLaren and then Porsche outspending all of the small, innovative teams.
What we learned: In racing you can be a victim of your own success. It is possible for a single manufacturer to dominate your series until it's not fun to watch anymore.
Photo Credit: The Dave Friedman collection
1.) Group B
Suggested By: pdoten
Why it failed: Like Can-Am, Group B was a largely unrestricted race series, only in rallying. It offered pretty much everything a fan could want: a number of popular manufacturers building highly advanced but production-based race cars, fantastic back-and-forth competition, and spectacular racing, cutting through the countryside all across Europe.
What we learned: After a number of violent and tragic deaths, the series was cancelled in 1986. It showed that cars can be too fast, and that in modern motorsports, you can't compromise on safety.
Photo Credit: Getty Images


text:
Rosemont, Ill. — A new study finds a 2003 reform of the length of resident on-duty hours has led to an increase in the rate of perioperative (the span of all three phases of surgery: before, during and after) complications for patients treated for hip fractures. Among other restrictions, this reform limited the resident workweek to 80 hours. The resulting complications vary significantly, with an increasing rate of worse outcomes seen in teaching hospitals, according to a study published in the September 2009 issue of the Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (JBJS).
"The data suggests a statistically significant increase in selected complications after implementation of the duty-hour reforms in teaching hospitals, where residents help deliver care, compared to non-teaching hospitals. This may go against common assumptions regarding outcomes as they relate to the length of resident hours," said study lead author James M. Browne, MD, an orthopaedic surgeon currently completing a fellowship in Rochester, Minnesota. The study was performed at Duke University Medical Center.
On July 1, 2003, The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education implemented a resident duty-hour reform for all medical and surgical residents, including orthopaedic resident surgeons, in the U.S. Dr. Browne and his co-authors at Duke reviewed data from teaching and nonteaching hospitals for 48,430 patients treated for hip fractures in a nationwide inpatient sample database, reviewing two groups:
- the first from 2001 and 2002 before resident duty-hour reform; and
- the second in 2004 and 2005 after reform.
This study sought to measure changes in the rate of patient death or resulting in-hospital complications since this reform. No increase in death rates was found, but an increase in resulting negative outcomes was found in teaching hospitals compared to nonteaching hospitals. The undesired results included increases in the rate of:
- pneumonia,
- hematoma,
- transfusion,
- renal complications, and
- nonroutine discharge.
In addition to an increase in the rate of medical complications, the study also notes an increase in length and cost of stay in teaching hospitals.
"I think it would be premature for a patient to make any medical decisions based on the results of this study. What this data does tell us is that this issue needs to be examined further. Remember, this is limited to hip fracture outcomes tracked during a limited time period and does not take into account any improvements in delivery of care since 2005." said Dr. Browne.
A recent report from the Institute of Medicine proposes further limitations on resident work hours.
"Surgeons and policy-makers need more data to understand the full impact of these duty hour changes on our patients. As we consider any kind of reform, we must continue to keep the safe delivery of care that results in successful patient outcomes as our number one priority," said Dr. Browne.
Disclosure: The authors did not receive any outside funding or grants in support of their research for or preparation of this work. One or more of the authors, or a member of his or her immediate family, received, in any one year, payments or other benefits in excess of $10,000 or a commitment or agreement to provide such benefits from commercial entities (Zimmer, DePuy, and Wright Medical).


text:
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text:
This chapter introduces data cartridges in Oracle Event Processing. Data cartridges extend Oracle Continuous Query Language (Oracle CQL) to support domain-specific abstract data types of the following forms: simple types, complex types, array types, and domain-specific functions.
This chapter includes the following sections:
The Oracle CQL data cartridge framework allows you to tightly integrate arbitrary domain data types and functions with the Oracle CQL language, allowing the usage of these extensions within Oracle CQL queries in the same way you use Oracle CQL native types and built-in functions.
With regards to data types, the framework supports both simple and complex types, the latter allowing the usage of object-oriented programming.
Using Oracle CQL data cartridges, you can extend the Oracle CQL engine with domain-specific types that augment and interoperate with native Oracle CQL built-in types.
Each data cartridge is identified by a unique data cartridge name that defines a name space for the data cartridge implementation. You use the data cartridge name to disambiguate references to types, methods, fields, and constructors, if necessary (see link::=).
Depending on the data cartridge implementation, you may be able to define an application context that the Oracle Event Processing server propagates to the functions and types that an instance of the data cartridge provides.
For example, you might be able to configure an Oracle Event Processing server resource or a default data cartridge option and associate this application context information with a particular data cartridge instance.
For more information, see "Understanding Data Cartridge Application Context" in the Oracle Fusion Middleware Developer's Guide for Oracle Event Processing for Eclipse.
How you access data cartridge types, methods, fields, and constructors using Oracle CQL is the same for all data cartridge implementations.
You may reference a data-cartridge function by using the
func_expr, which may optionally take a link name.
To reference the members of a complex type, Oracle CQL provides the
object_expr production.
For more information, see:
What you access is, of course, unique to each data cartridge implementation. For more information, see:
Chapter 19, "Oracle Event Processing NoSQL Database Data Cartridge"
To simplify Oracle data cartridge type names, you can use aliases as Section 2.7.2, "Defining Aliases Using the Aliases Element" describes.


text:
You know, the thing that really rankled with you, that awoke your youthful sense of injustice. The thing that every one else on the planet had, or so it seemed. The reason you need therapy today.
I have been musing on this, every time I hear some utterly irrational diktat come out of my mouth at the moment (constantly). I mean, there's something gloriously arbitrary about being a parent, no? Suddenly, I'm called upon to Make the Rules. Er, who put me in charge? I don't do very well at this. I know it should be instinctive, but I seem to have an extremely hazy sense of what is, and is not acceptable. I am, remember, the person whose father had to teach me how to use a knife and fork properly when I was FIFTEEN because he said I ate like a pig. I still basically eat with my fingers and I can't sit properly at a table to save my life. Worse still, I faredodge, and sometimes steal teaspoons. Basically, I have no moral compass. Judge Judy would have had me compulsorily sterilised.
So the CFO makes the rules, and I forget them. "No toys in the kitchen!" shriek the children as I forgetfully wander in there with a Pokémon on my head. Or, suddenly, I will remember that we aren't supposed to eat pudding in front of the tv. "But we did it yesterday!" they wail. "I don't care" I say, conviction sagging with every word. We're not doing it tonight".
The responsibility sometimes terrifies me. It was easier when they were tiny and all I had to do was stop them from biting and grabbing and hitting each other over the head with things like a pair of tiny slapstick performers. Now, it's all about the grey areas. Should I stop Lashes sneaking toys to school in his bag? Should I police his Pokémon swaps to check he hasn't been cheating the other children? If one of them says the classroom assistant is moche (ugly), what do I say? They're not supposed to sneak into our bed either, but what could be more delightful than a small, warm, sheepish person coming to stick their fingers in my eyes at 6am? What am I supposed to do about the fact that the CFO is way stricter than me (BOTH his parents are French school teachers, enough said)? Do I have to enforce his rules even if I don't give a rat's arse about using knives and forks properly or putting shoes away? (I do know the answer to this one is yes, but I find it terribly hard)
Anyway, this is wandering off topic. My real question, survey indeed, is about those bizarre parental decrees. I have started compiling a list, and I want you to add your own. If there was a ridiculous justification proferred, all the better. I want to hear it. I've started with my immediate entourage, but I bet you people have some great ones too.
I remembered that Violet, like me and the Space Cadette, suffered under the parental ban on patent leather shoes. Patent leather! The thin end of the wedge. A mere hop, skip and a jump to teenage pregnancy. But I had forgotten, until Violet reminded me that her banned list also extended to lace up shoes (lace up shoes! this one just kills me, because really, what could be more sensible than lace up shoes?) and suitcases with wheels.
My banned list is fairly short (house of hippies, remember) and was basically limited to anything that reinforced the patriarchy. With some oddballs thrown in:
Hi top trainers. Especially black ones. Nope, this one eludes me completely, but god how I wanted them.
Pixie boots (hello? Essential in 1985??Social death not to have them? )
Lycra cycling shorts (and if you didn't have lycra cycling shorts under your games skirt, you were nothing, I tell you, nothing)
Robinson's Juice boxes with animal stickers on
Shaving my legs
The Space Cadette remembers a few of her own, though again, the house of hippy means they were minimal:
Chocolate advent calendarsCelebrating Father's Day
The I moved on to other people's:
Mars Bars (but not other chocolate bars)
Chewing and bubble gum (I kind of get this one because it really is a bitch to get out of everything)
Jeans (my Phlegmish room mate. Her mother said they were for farmers..)
Club biscuits ( "Penguin biscuits were the only socially acceptable form of chocolatey-biscuit-snack-in-wrapper")
Dash tracksuits
'Fun' wellingtons ("if they weren't from Driffield Farm Shop, they weren't going near our feet" says my contributor)
Perms (my contributor is now thankful for her parents' ban. She's seen the pictures of Violet's perm years)
MBF was basically forbidden everything, but as he says, he was so mired in deference and busy doing his 8am swimming sessions and learning forty three musical instruments, he didn't even know the forbidden things existed.
Come on, I'm madly curious!
UPDATE: Also, I think I will apply the most ridiculous, arbitrary rule in the comments in my household, so dredge deep, these children need boundaries!


text:
The glimpses shown so far of Killzone: Shadow Fall have been portions of the single-player, along with very in-depth, shiny tech demos. But, if you want to know what it's going to look like when folks start going online and blasting at each other, then this here is what you really want to see.
Along with the clip showing Helghan weaponry doing what it's designed to, details about Shadow Fall's multiplayer packs and Season pass are up on the PlayStation US and PlayStation Europe blogs.


text:
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text:
A forum about Atari 16/32 computers and their clones. This forum is in no way affiliated with Atari Interactive.
Moderators: Mug UK, Moderator Team
Faucon2001 wrote:Vido: humm strange. I have tried in the morning and it downloaded the 1.1GB archive in 4 min without problem. May be the site was down for maintenance. Could you try again please? If it still doesn't work I'll find another way to send it.
Faucon2001 wrote:Strange indeed. I am using Firefox and have no issue.
May be a security parameter?
At least you have it now
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