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There are many flower fragrances in Women Parfums in South Africa used in perfumes but no fragrance can beat the smell of Rose which is known as the 'Queen of Flowers'. Roses are known for not only their beauty but also for their delicate scent and fragrant oil. Rose oil is one of the valuable ingredients in most perfumes for women. Rose Perfumes are feminine and classy and favorite with most women. Given below are some popular rose fragrances.
1) Paul Smith Rose: Paul Smith Rose Perfume is a fresh floral fragrance for women was launched in the year 2007. Best Ladies Perfume Brands it comes with a blend of different scents like Turkish rose oil, green tea along with light sparkling smell of magnolia and violet flowers. This is a great summer fragrance.
2) Yardley English Rose: When speaking of Rose fragrances how can I forget Yardley English Rose? This English rose perfume is one of the popular from the brand of Yardley. With its own unique blend of this timeless fragrance Yardley English Rose by Yardley of London for Women has been enchanting women around the world for generations. If you love the smooth and refreshed feeling Yardley English Rose can work the magic for you.
6) Woods Of Windsor True Rose: Woods of Windsor True Rose women that belongs to the floral fragrance group and was launched in 2002. This is a cool, Best Dior Womens Perfume Brands fresh and calming pink rose fragrance with notes of crisp green leaves and chamomile encased by notes of exotic dusty violet and damask rose. The base of the fragrance comes in sensual aromatic woods, musks and regal iris.
Selecting A Perfume
Wearing Rose fragrances are considered to be classy and romantic. If you like to smell like Roses all the floral fragrances for women listed above can help. These are also popular choices during Summer and also as gifts for women.
Women Parfums in South Africa ?
The House of Creed makes 200 different scents for both women and men; their long rich history is a testament to the fine quality perfumes and why they are so famous for today. Mostly every man that has ever purchased a bottle of a Creed fragrance continues to buy forever because of all the natural ingredients and care put into each scent.
Some of the most famous actors today take great pleasure in wearing their favorite scents that are earthy and sensual or warm and sexy with a fresh scent that is perfect for men. However, out of the many fine fragrances created by the House of Creed, five Creed Fragrances stand out in particular as being some of the most intriguing and always in demand.
Green Irish Tweed
There seems to be no doubt that Green Irish Tweed is the most popular of the men Creed fragrances. The secret recipe is composed of lemon verbena, violet leaves, ambergris and a dash of sandalwood. This particular fragrance is a favorite of top celebrities in the industry.
It has been characterized as fresh and aromatic with several people enjoying it for daytime use. This scent is particularly long lasting and most people feel it offers a good value with a unique scent that could be worn to work, and also special occasions.
Tabarome By Creed
Tabarome has been considered the perfect scent for the really masculine sexy silent type. This highly aromatic scent is laced with combinations of patchouli, sandalwood and a blending of lemon, mandarin and several other herbs with a touch of tobacco scent and ginger. It is favored by connoisseurs of fine cigars and most people think it is a good value and best worn during the evenings or days. Now you know about the top five Creed scents for men; you decide which is the right one for you!
A Beautiful World: Women Fragrances
There are several different perfumes available and
each one has a different fragrance. They are made up
of different ingredients. They can be made of natural
resources, chemicals or a combination.
Most perfumes use a blend of aromas that are usually
found in concentrated essential oils. There is a
formula that goes with each perfume in order to reach
that particular scent that you are trying to get.
Essential oils can be either natural or synthetic,
which will affect the result of your fragrance.
Natural ingredients cost a little more but it is worth
it when you get the natural scent to combine to make
the best fragrance.
To use synthetic essential oils will have an affect on
the results of your fragrance. The fragrance may not
last long, may not smell natural, or may cause an
allergic reaction.
There are other ingredients that go into making a
perfume, including Ethyl Alcohol. This type of alcohol
will mix well with the essential oils.
There are two fixatives that may be used to allow the
fragrance to last longer. Phtalates is a substance
that is used as a fixative. Phtalates may cause an
allergic reaction in some people as well as other
harmful effects.
Glycerin is another common fixative to use in
preserving the perfume.
Glycerin can also cause an allergic reaction. These
ingredients are important to maintain shelf life. If
you are making your own perfume you may leave a
fixative out to enjoy the natural scents without any
harmful ingredients.


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Kiefer Sutherland Gossip
Kiefer Sutherland gossip, latest news, photos, and video.
Kiefer's No Quitter
When I first saw the headline "Why Kiefer Sutherland Decided Not to Give Up Alcohol" I had to read it a few times. Usually headlines like this refer to someone who has decided to quit drinking, not someone who has actively decided to keep boozing. But this is Kiefer Sutherland Full Story
A Boy Named Kiefer
What do Johnny Depp, Rita Wilson, Russell Crowe, Kevin Bacon, Dennis Quaid, Billy Bob Thornton, Kevin Costner, Scarlett Johansson and Kiefer Sutherland have in common? The music, man. Kiefer is the latest to join the "Um, Why?" club with his new country music single and video, Not Enough Whiskey. Full Story
Boy Sh-t: Freddie vs Kiefer edition
Frazer Harrison/ Anthony Harvey/ Getty
Who knew July was "minor celebrity publicly call out a major celebrity" month? First, Tia Mowry talked about Charlize Theron's epic eye-roll at SoulCycle and now Freddie Prinze Jr. has blasted Kiefer Sutherland. Kiefer – he's kind of a loveable rogue, isn't he? Jilted fiancé of Julia Roberts, Christmas tree assaulter, grandson of universal health care pioneer Tommy Douglas, head-butter of designers, convict. Full Story
The older Sutherland gets snow
Last October, I posted this article with my nomination for President Snow in the film adaptation of The Hunger Games, Kiefer Sutherland. Today Lionsgate announced that it was indeed a Sutherland who has been cast as the evil autocrat of Panem but.. Full Story
WHO's JULIA???
It's almost the one year anniversary of WHO's NATALIE??? It was, no doubt, the best part of the Golden Globe pre-show during our liveblog in 2010. Hoping for more of that magic this time around. And now for a little Gossip Nostalgia. Remember when Julia was engaged to Kiefer Sutherland and pretty much left him at the altar? Remember when Julia took off on Kiefer three days before her wedding for Jason Patric? She was great drama then, wasn't she? She was the best for drama then. Full Story
President Snow?
Many of your questions during our liveblog discussions on Tuesdays and Thursdays and your emails too involve casting for The Hunger Games series. Right now, no one has been confirmed. And from what I heard, as of early this week, there's not even a shortlist. So they are seeing everyone. And everyone wants it. Full Story
Kiefer's Canadian Tuxedo
It's one thing when your costume designer puts you in one for a movie, it's another to voluntarily walk around New York not on the job proudly showing your Maple Leaf steeze. Total pimp. And a crazy motherf-cker. Also attaching more pictures of Kiefer Sutherland at lunch with a glass of wine. Full Story
MET Best: Chloe Sevigny
The dress. For the person. It's exquisite. Yes she needs darker lipstick, but it's a very small detail in so much that was spectacularly right. And again bitches, we're not dressing YOU. We're dressing Chloe Sevigny at the Met Gala in Proenza Schouler with some cheeky Mormon hair, and a high collar, and green see through lace with an exposed bra, the most beautiful back, and weird chunky funk shoes. Full Story
Emmy NPH
Please. He was flawless. His white mic clip during the opening number was amazingness. So f-ck you Kiefer Sutherland. Did you see Kiefer's bitchface after Neil Patrick Harris's performance? Oh hi, I'm Kiefer Sutherland. I like to punch people when I drink because I'm a crusty prick, and suddenly I have the right to judge a song and dance number and deem it unworthy. Full Story
Fence sitting Brooke
Last week, after Kiefer Sutherland decided to smash his head up against another dude's face causing injury – in defence of Brooke Shields – a statement was released on her behalf that effectively sold him out. At the time, she supposedly announced via her publicists that she'd no idea why Kiefer would have reacted that way and that Jack McCollough, the victim of the headbutt, did nothing wrong. Full Story
Kiefer did this
His name is Jack McCollough, one of the designers of Proenza Schouler. As you can see, he has a cut on his nose. He received the cut courtesy of Kiefer Sutherland's head. After the Met Gala on Monday night, Kiefer was at a party talking to Brooke Shields. He claims McCollough bumped into Brooke and demanded an apology. Full Story

subset: commoncrawl


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1. To convey to the place where the speaker is or is to be; to bear from a more distant to a nearer place; to fetch. And as she was going to fetch it, he called to her, and said, bring me, i pray thee, a morsel of bread. (1 kings xvii. 11) To France shall we convey you safe, And bring you back. (Shak)
2. To cause the accession or obtaining of; to procure; to make to come; to produce; to draw to. There is nothing will bring you more honor . . . Than to do what right in justice you may. (Bacon)
3. To convey; to move; to carry or conduct. In distillation, the water . . . Brings over with it some part of the oil of vitriol. (Sir i. Newton)
4. To persuade; to induce; to draw; to lead; to guide. It seems so preposterous a thing . . . That they do not easily bring themselves to it. (Locke) The nature of the things . . . Would not suffer him to think otherwise, how, or whensoever, he is brought to reflect on them. (Locke)
5. To produce in exchange; to sell for; to fetch; as, what does coal bring per ton? To bring about, to bring to pass; to effect; to accomplish. To bring back. To recall. To restore, as something borrowed, to its owner. To bring by the lee, to bend it to the yard. To bring to pass, to accomplish to effect. Trust also in Him; and He shall bring it to pass. . To bring under, to subdue; to restrain; to reduce to obedience. To bring up. To carry upward; to nurse; to rear; to educate. To cause to stop suddenly.
Origin: by dropping the reflexive pronoun to stop suddenly; to come to a standstill. To bring up (any one) with a round turn, to cause (any one) to stop abruptly. To be brought to bed. See bed.
Synonym: to fetch, bear, carry, convey, transport, import, procure, produce, cause, adduce, induce.
Origin: oe. Bringen, as. Bringan; akin to os. Brengian, D. Brengen, Fries. Brenga, OHG. Bringan, g. Bringen, goth. Briggan.


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I'd seen plenty of macaron recipes online, but like many in the Cupcake Project Facebook community, I found macaron recipes intimidating. I'd heard macaron recipe horror stories like, "It was raining outside so the macaron recipe didn't work at all," or "I over or under-mixed so the macaron recipe failed." I had decided that macaron recipes weren't for me and that I should stick to cupcake recipes.
|Amrita teaching St. Louis food bloggers how to make macarons.
Last week, however, things changed. I was invited to learn the art of macaron making from fellow St. Louis food blogger and self-taught macaron expert Amrita of The Sweet Art. Amrita made macaron recipes seem so easy – because they are. Sure, there are a lot of steps and you've got to read the tips and tricks carefully, but if you can follow a cupcake recipe and make cupcakes, you can make macarons. In fact, I'm going to go one step further and say that it is actually easier to make adorable macarons than cupcakes because you don't need to be an expert at making pretty swirls of frosting to make your macarons look like they were made by a professional pastry chef.
Macaron Recipe?
Are you Talking About the Coconut Cookies That Look Like Little Haystacks?
|This is a macaroon, not a macaron.
If you aren't an avid reader of food magazines and baking blogs or don't live in a city where French macarons have become mainstream, you might make the mistake I did at first and confuse macarons with macaroons. Macar-oo-ns are coconut cookies that are commonly served during Passover in the United States. Macar-o-ns are Parisian meringue and almond flour cookies that have a thin outer crust and are chewy on the inside. Today, most macaron recipes call for sandwiching two cookies together with any number of fillings (although it's not the traditional way of preparing them).
Pumpkin Pie Spice Macarons with Caramel, Dark Chocolate Ganache, and Smoked Sea Salt
I had to write out the title of my first macarons one more time – even just hearing the name of it makes me want to run down to my kitchen and eat another one. Eating a bite of this macaron, you can taste each flavor: the Fall flavors of cinnamon, nutmeg, clove, and allspice, the decadent chocolate ganache, the sweet, creamy caramel, and the smoky finish of the smoked sea salt. Plus, there's the textural perfection of a macaron. Few desserts give you a crunchy and a cloud-like texture all in the same bite.
These macarons are not a dessert to leave out and let your teen and his friends gobble up (Charity Schmidt just shared a story on Facebook of how that happened when she made my homemade goldfish recipe). Rather, these should be given out one or two at a time as a special gift to be savored.
The Macaron Recipe
I got the macaron recipe from Amrita at The Sweet Art. She adapted it slightly from David Lebovitz's macaron recipe. The only changes that I made were to add pumpkin pie spice and my combination of fillings. The recipe below is theirs, but with my notes and tips.
Yield: About 20 macarons
Some quick notes before getting started:
1. I get lazy with cupcake recipes (sometimes I don't even level my cups of sugar and flour – for shame), but macarons are a different animal. Macaron measurements must be perfect! Don't worry – it really is easy as long as you have a scale. I recommend a digital scale like the one from EatSmart.
2. Bake this recipe the day before you plan to eat the macarons. Macarons need to "mature" overnight in the refrigerator.
- 100 grams egg whites, about two egg whites (Remember what I said about measurements needing to be PERFECT? Amrita taught me that I should take the time to weigh the egg whites and make sure that I have the exact amount needed and no more. Another pro tip from Amrita is that even though most macaron recipes call for room temperature egg whites, she's found that it doesn't matter whether or not they are room temperature or fresh out of the refrigerator.)
- 35 grams granulated sugar
- 200 grams sifted powdered sugar (The weight listed is the weight after sifting.)
- 120 grams sifted almond meal (The weight listed is the weight after sifting. Sifting almond meal can be a bit time consuming. If you don't want to treat your baking as an exercise regiment, consider a battery-powered sifter.)
- 1 teaspoon pumpkin pie spice
- Caramel (See my blog post on making caramel. I cut the recipe in half and still had lots left over – not a bad thing. Since you are going through all of this effort to make the macarons, I totally understand if you want to just buy some caramel. That would be fine, and no one will judge you.)
- Dark chocolate ganache (Heat 3 ounces of heavy whipping cream until just boiling. Pour over 4 ounces of chopped dark chocolate and stir to melt the chocolate. Refrigerate until it's no longer runny, but still spreadable.)
- Smoked sea salt to taste (Any sea salt – or really any salt – will do. But, I'm in LOVE with smoked sea salt. If you like smoky foods, treat yourself to this salt.)
- Creating the meringue
- Whip egg whites in a stainless steel or copper bowl until frothy and white. If you don't have a stainless steel or copper bowl, it will still work – just not quite as well. Joy of Baking explains, "Don't use a aluminum bowl as it gives the beaten egg whites a grayish tinge as some of the aluminum does come off during beating. Plastic and glass are not good surfaces either as the whites tend to slip down the sides of the bowl and plastic attracts grease because of its porous surface." Amrita warned us to always use a hand mixer so that we could closely monitor the egg whites. I don't own a hand mixer and wouldn't want to stand there with a hand mixer, anyway. There is a ton of mixing to do in this recipe. I used the whisk attachment on my Breville stand mixer and it worked perfectly.
- Add in the sugar and whip on high speed until stiff and glossy. Set a timer for seven minutes. At seven minutes, check and see how the mixture looks. You should be able to hold the bowl upside-down and have nothing fall out (as shown below). It was scary, but I tried it! If it's not done yet, whip for a another minute or so and check again.
|You know that your egg whites are ready when you can hold the bowl over your head.
Warning: If you aren't sure if it will work, don't hold it over your head.
That would be a sticky, messy cleanup. Try it over the counter first.
- Folding in the dry ingredients
- Combine the powdered sugar, almond meal, and pumpkin pie spice in a bowl. Don't worry about mixing them well – that happens next.
- Pour about a quarter of the dry ingredients into the meringue bowl and slowly fold it in with a spatula. Scrape around the bowl and into the middle until the dry ingredients are incorporated. Continue to fold in small amounts of the dry ingredients until they are all combined. During this process, the meringue will deflate quite a bit. This is OK. Don't get scared.
- At the end, if you lift your spatula and let the batter drop, it should fall into the bowl in a thick blob, like porridge.
|Folding in the dry ingredients
|The texture when the folding is done
- The piping
- Prepare baking sheets with a Silpat or pre-cut parchment paper. Amrita warned that parchment paper that curls up from being on a roll can cause the macarons to not come out properly. If that's all you have, though, I wouldn't worry about it – just stick the ends of the parchment paper down to the baking sheet with a dab of ganache to try to flatten the paper a bit.
- Use a piping bag with a round tip (or a sandwich bag with the end cut off) and pipe dollops slightly larger than a quarter onto your prepared mat or sheet. Leave a little bit of room between the dollops for the batter to spread. Don't obsess about them all being the same size. As long as every dollop that you pipe has another that's pretty close in size to pair it with, you're fine. So, if you make one that's a bit too big, just make another one a bit too big – no worries!
|The piped macarons. See the peaks? You won't when the macarons are done.
They magically disappear.
- The waiting – part 1
- Let the piped macarons sit for about twenty minutes. During that time, you'll notice that they level out some (so if you had a peak on one when you piped, it will be smaller or completely gone after the twenty minutes go by). Also, the macarons will develop a thin crust. You'll know they are ready to be baked because you'll be able to give them a little tap and your finger won't sink through them.
- While the macarons are resting, pre-heat the oven to 285 F.
- The baking and cooling
- Bake on the middle rack for 18 minutes, rotating the tray halfway through. If your oven temperature is slightly off, you may need to adjust that time to accommodate.
- Wait for the macarons to completely cool before removing them from the parchment or Silpat. Amrita suggested that rather than lifting the macaron off the Silpat, I should lift the Silpat off the tray slightly and peel it off of the macaron. This technique worked really well.
|Macaron fact: The little ledge that forms at the
bottom after you bake them is called a foot.
- The filling
- Perform macaron matchmaking – pair off each macaron with a similarly sized partner.
- Spread caramel on one partner and top with a sprinkle of smoked sea salt.
- Spread ganache on the other partner.
- Make a macaron sandwich.
|Caramel, sea salt, and chocolate waiting patiently moments before
joining forces in a sticky love triangle
- The waiting – part 2
- This is the hardest step. The characteristic moist inside of the macaron won't be there if you eat it right now. It gets moist by having some time to absorb some moisture from the filling. Put your beauties in the refrigerator and eat them tomorrow (after you take them out and let them come to room temperature). Trust me, you'll be glad you waited.
Special Thanks
Special thanks go out to…
- Amrita for teaching me her craft.
- Alana from A Veggie Venture for organizing the event.
- Kitchen Conservatory for hosting macaron making.
- Vivian from VivianMacaron for stopping by the Facebook page and directing me to the fabulous macaron tutorial on her blog. It's definitely worth checking out.
Coming Soon
You know there's a macaron cupcake coming soon!


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Collection: Calanques (in Provence).This unique pendant necklace is 100% handformed and handcrafted.The pendant is ca. 9.5 cm large and hang on a 100cm length of Japanese waxed cotton cord. Please note that you may not receive the exact piece as pictured since every single piece is 100% handmade from scratch. It will though very similar: I will use the same colours, amount of clay and apply the same techniques.You will get a unique piece because no designs is exactly like one another. Very small imperfections are likely but this is part of the handmade charm!Product overview:Material: polymer, Japanese waxed cotton (blue), 14K gold-filled finishes.Thoughtfully designed.100% handmade with love.FREE SHIPPING to Singapore: 2-3 business days.FREE SHIPPING worldwide: 14 business days.
If the workshop is fully booked, please drop me a line at firstname.lastname@example.com to join the wait-list. I will inform you if I can arrange a seat for you.
Group bookings as well as customised bookings , e.g. bachelorettes party etc. , please feel free to contact email@example.com for more details.
Our workshops take place in different locations in Katong.Either at our luminous home studio or at creative space at MOX. Upon your registration, you will receive an email with details of location for the workshop date.
The class sizes is cosy and it is conducted in a very relaxing and conductive environment. Fun, therapeutic and inspirational at the same time: it's the perfect get-away with friends and your loved ones and a nice occasion to pick up a new skill. Empower yourself with an awesome skill like other previous participants. Read their testimonies to learn more about how they benefit from the workshop.
The class includes all the materials (from US, Japan and South Korea) needed to create your own necklaces and earrings to take home. Besides, you will be given a manual booklet with all fundamental information about polymer clay and content treated during the workshop you have booked for. Yummy snacks and light refreshments is also included in the sessions.
Please note that there are strictly no refunds or exchanges for other classes upon confirmation of slot. In case you can't make it to a class, you're welcome to send someone in your place. Workshop will be postponed/cancelled and fees refunded if we don't meet the min. number of participants.


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Discover our edit of all the great pieces on sale right now, featuring the best affordable styles you've had your eye on for a while. On the hunt for that perfect dress for any occasion? Our selection of discounts should offer something you're looking for. Then, stock up on some classic staples like our bestselling jeans, on-trend tops and the shoes you need this season - all at great prices.
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Pocket as many pool balls as you can before the time runs out!
In this minimalist puzzle game pull apart the puzzles piece by piece in the right order. As the levels progress, the puzzle pieces get more and more complex. Can you Unpuzzle each puzzle?Help
There are no awards for this game!


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Everyone must stay at home to help stop the spread of coronavirus.
You should only leave the house for very limited purposes:
Important - These reasons are exceptions – even when doing these activities, you should be minimising time spent outside of the home and ensuring you are 2 metres apart from anyone outside of your household.
There is separate advice about staying at home if:
Do not leave your home if you have either:
To protect others, do not go to places like a GP surgery, pharmacy or hospital. Stay at home.
Use the 111 online coronavirus service to find out what to do.
Only call 111 if you cannot get help online.
Read general information such as:
Glastonbury Surgery Feversham LaneGlastonbury, BA6 9LPTel: 01458 833666
There is a wealth of information on NHS Choices about healthy living for everyone.
Copyright 2006 - 2020 My Surgery Website | Privacy & Usage | Edit | Staff Home | Site Map | Accessibility | Site T&C's | Service T&C's


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Join a fully interactive Virtual Class for as low as $10 a session – ENROLL TODAY
Watch how we have been making the world's most popular sport fun and simple since 2000.
Our age-specific curriculum guarantees
each child is learning and having a blast from the start!
Making the world a better place through soccer.
The coaches and their assistants are wonderful. As a teacher I can tell you from first hand experience that they have a real talent for working with children... you should all be proud.
Well, much to our delight, this class is his delight! He loves the coaches, and [his coach] is truly wonderful... our whole family agrees.
Super Soccer Stars coaches are wonderful athletes, great teachers, very smart individuals overall... and simply a pleasure to be around. Aidan adored them... so did I. Good work.
The Super Soccer Stars Birthday party was beyond our greatest expectations... none of the parents present could remember a birthday party where 100% of the participants (this time, sixteen boys) were beside themselves with joy.


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Luxury Wooden Hangers for Women
Created with meticulous attention to detail, our luxury women's hangers are not only elegant, they are designed to care for your clothing and maximize your closet space. All our women's hangers are configured to fit your needs: choose one with clips for your skirts, a felted trouser bar to hang your pants, or opt for no hardware to hang blouses and dresses.
Women's Skinny Trouser and Skirt Hangers, Clips (Set of 5)
Regular Price: $50.00
Special Price $37.50


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We're thrilled to announce that Point Cloud Library (PCL) version 1.2 has been released!
You can find the latest source and binaries on our download page: http://www.pointclouds.org/downloads/.
Thanks to the hard work of all of our awesome contributors, we've got a big list of new features.
In addition, our Ubuntu package structure has been completely reorganized:
- pcl 1.0 was renamed to pcl-1.0. To stick with the old version please run:
$ sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install libpcl-1.0-dev
- pcl 1.2 is now available as separate packages for every subsystem
- the Doxygen documentation is in packages in libpcl-1.2-doc
- there is a default package that depends on the current PCL release to get the newest release all the time just do:
$ sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install libpcl-all
New to PCL? Visit our downloads page and give it a try. If you're looking for ideas on how to get started, be sure to check out our growing collection of tutorials.


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Memorial Day Flag Cookie Platter
I can't believe it is almost Memorial Day. Is May really almost over? It has gone by so fast. Flowers are blooming, bees are buzzing, the kids are almost out of school and I need cookies for a Memorial Day picnic. I wanted to make some flag cookies but, I needed to make them ahead of time and I didn't want the colors to bleed together. I was talking to a friend and she suggested I make a Memorial Day Flag Platter like Maryann "The Cookie Artisan" did. I loved the idea and emailed Maryann right away. She said I could use her platter idea and share it with you.
Here is my Memorial Day Flag Cookie Platter.
Here is Maryann's Memorial Day Flag Cookie Platter. She is such an amazing cookie decorator and her platters are spectacular! You should go look at all her platters on her Flickr page.
Warning: If you look, you will lose all track of time so set an alarm to remind you to get the kiddos from school!
Maryann made all of her cookies out of stars and I love it! I wanted to use squares and stars. I think this is platter could be made out of circles or other cute shapes. The idea is to arrange your cookies like a flag and people at your Memorial Day picnic or July 4th party will be amazed!
Cookies in the shape you want
Red, white and blue 15 second icing
A Boo Boo Stick (I can't do anything with it!)
Figure out how many cookies of each color you will need. Outline, flood and let them dry.
When they dry, arrange on your platter.
Presentation is everything! You can take some simple cookies and make them amazing with the way you present them.
Here are some examples of presentation:
Johnna "The Polka-dot Zebra- Holly Wreath
Julia Usher- Jewelry Cookies
"Polka Dot Cookie"- Christening Centerpiece Jars
Bea "Cancun Cookies"- A Box of Kisses
Martha Stewart-Wedding Cookies
Callye "Sweet Sugar Belle"- Pizza Cookies
Pam "Cookie Crazy"- Mothers Day Cookies
Bear hugs,


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An online account is required to register for activities or to be added to a course waitlist. We encourage early registration as activities may be cancelled if minimum enrollment is not met.
Tips for a successful search:
90 E Civic Center Dr
Gilbert, AZ 85296
Contact us for information:
Tel. 480.503.6200 (p)


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A big topic this time of year is getting set up for the coming 12 months.
This week, I wrote about some of the biggest price movers of 2012, stocks that could be setting up for further gains into 2013. But how about those names currently consolidating, perhaps setting up for the next move higher?
Moving-average support and sector strength are two of my preferred methods of sifting through investment ideas. With the former, I want to see support at either the 200- or 50-day line. When it comes to sector (or sub-sector) strength, I'm looking for an industry that's gaining investor support, not hoping that an out-of-favor area will bounce back.
Along those lines, I'm looking for large-cap portfolio anchors that I may rotate into during the early months of 2013. Midday Thursday, I ran a scan of large-caps getting 200-day support. Then I sorted according to sector. While there were plenty of energy and health care stocks with strong fundamentals getting 200-day support, the financial sector names caught my attention. It is showing the best year-to-date gains in the S&P 500, up 26% as of Wednesday's close. Quarter to date, the sector is up 5.1%, and month to date that figure is 4.4%. Those numbers also lead the benchmark index.
One of the names that met my two criteria of 200-day support and sector strength was Discover Financial Services (DFS). The credit-card issuer lags industry peers Visa (V) and MasterCard (MA), both fundamentally and technically. Discover is down 8.3% so far this month. It gapped down 4% Thursday, as fourth-quarter earnings missed views, and costs were on the rise. It's not unusual for a stock to tumble on disappointing earnings and then rebound -- or at least stabilize -- in subsequent sessions as value-oriented investors spot an opportunity. The stock has advanced 60% thus far in 2012. After rallying for six straight months, December is the first down month. At this juncture, a pullback to the vicinity of the 200-day could be constructive and could provide opportunities for entry.
Another name that made my screen was Dow Jones Industrial Average component American Express (AXP). This stock has been gradually consolidating since May, and is currently trading just below its 200-day line. The company reports its fourth quarter Jan. 17, with analysts eyeing earnings of $1.06 per share on revenue of $8.12 billion. That would mark a year-over-year increase on the bottom line, but a decrease on the top line. As a DJIA and S&P 500 component, the stock will always be widely held and found in numerous exchange-traded funds and mutual funds pegged to indices. For the moment, it may remain in a holding pattern until earnings serve as a catalyst for a move in either direction.
Finally, a little-known institutional advisory firm, Federated Investors (FII), also made the cut. This stock has a market cap of $2.1 billion and it trades more than 1 million shares per day. Though this is also a benchmark index component, Federated is a volatile stock, with a beta of 1.27. It currently has a high dividend yield of 4.7%. Last week, Federated found support at its 200-day line and rebounded. As of Thursday, it was treading near $20.50, about 4.9% above that line. Because of the volatility and the lower liquidity relative to its S&P 500 peers, this would not be among my top picks now. It may be of more interest to active traders than longer-term investors seeking a portfolio anchor.


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This numbered edition Canvas Print, designed by Kelly Gilleran, comes with a numbered and signed certificate of authenticity. Ready to hang, this image is printed onto a 450gsm white finish, 100% cotton canvas and stretched over 1.5" deep wood stretcher bars (3/4" for XS). Each print comes with wall hanging hardware.
Gouache on illustration board, 2014.
Colorado Springs, United States


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Kevin Johnson
- Senior
- Twitter: @secureideas
Kevin Johnson is a Senior Security Consultant with Secure Ideas. Kevin has a long history in the IT field including system administration, network architecture, and application development. He has been involved in building incident response and forensic teams, architecting security solutions for large enterprises, and penetration testing everything from government agencies to Fortune 100 companies. Kevin is an instructor and author for the SANS Institute and a contributing blogger at TheMobilityHub.
Kevin has performed a large number of trainings, briefings, and presentations for both public events and internal trainings. Kevin teaches for the SANS Institute on a number of subjects. He is the author of three classes- SEC542: Web Application Penetration Testing and Ethical Hacking, SEC642: Advanced Web Application Penetration Testing, and SEC571: Mobile Device Security. Kevin has presented at a large number of conventions, meetings, and industry events. Some examples of these are: DerbyCon, ShmooCon, DEFCON, Blackhat, ISACA, Infragard, and ISSA.
In addition, Kevin is very involved in the open source community and runs a number of open source projects. These include SamuraiWTF, a web pen-testing environment; Laudanum, a collection of injectable web payloads; Yokoso!, an infrastructure fingerprinting project; and a number of others. Kevin is also involved in MobiSec and SH5ARK. Kevin was the founder and lead of the BASE project for Snort before transitioning that to another developer.
Kevin does an excellent job of explaining the content to less-experienced users. - Andrew Downey, DND
Kevin Johnson Will Be Teaching the Following Course:
|SEC542: Web App Penetration Testing and Ethical Hacking


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Republican leader: TABOR issue rides on who should decide
DelGrosso has penned an editorial laying out his — and presumably the Republican caucus' — position on a Democratic plan to reclassify the state's hospital provider fee to get it out from under a revenue cap voters approved in 1992 when they added the Taxpayer's Bill of Rights to the state constitution.
The move also would negate state refunds worth between about $37 up to $111 per taxpayer next year.
"Taking more money from taxpayers without their consent will not solve our challenges," DelGrosso writes. "We have the money and our budget is growing, but using some budget maneuver is definitely no substitute for honest fiscal policy."


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First of all, let me say that I was skeptical and hesitant to jump on the drop cloth bandwagon. I have always made my slipcovers out of white cotton twill and you can purchase that for about $3.00/yard at Wal-Mart. What finally pushed me to try the drop cloths was a pair of wing chairs I wanted to cover that had a high contrast blue and white plaid fabric and it showed through my usual twill. I needed something that was a heavier weight. The drop cloth was my cheapest option.
So, I went to Lowe's and bought a couple of Finish Factor Canvas 8oz weight drop cloths. They run anywhere from $5.00/piece for a small one up to about $30 for really, really big ones. I've been purchasing the ones that run about $13.00. It takes about 1 1/2 4'x 15′ to cover a wing chair with piping, pleats, and a "T" cushion.
3.) Drop cloths are thick. Make sure you get heavy duty needles and use a new one when you're starting a drop cloth sewing project. I think I broke four needles on my wing chairs and one on my dining room chair slipcovers. If you're fighting with your machine (and it's not the bobbin thread), try using a new needle. When the needle is dull or slightly bent, you are going to have all kinds of problems.
4.) Because of the thickness of the fabric, drop cloths do not ruffle well. If you want a girly touch, pleats will be less frustrating. Trust me.
5.) Despite all of the bleaching, they will never be perfectly white. They end up being a grayish off-white. They also have a little bit of a nubby, rough texture and look slightly rumpled. If you want something that looks perfectly white and crisp, you will not be happy with drop cloths.


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Cinnamon-Maple Coffee Cakes
I like to contribute these to our church bake sales. Wrapped in bright cellophane, the delectable cakes never fail to impress.
Total TimePrep: 50 min. + rising Bake: 20 min. + cooling
Makes6 coffee cakes (8 servings each)
- 2 packages (1/4 ounce each) active dry yeast
- 3/4 cup warm water (110° to 115°)
- 1-1/2 cups warm milk (110° to 115°)
- 3/4 cup butter, melted
- 6 large eggs
- 1/2 cup sugar
- 1-1/2 teaspoons salt
- 10 to 10-1/2 cups all-purpose flour
- 1 cup sugar
- 1 cup packed brown sugar
- 1/4 cup all-purpose flour
- 1-1/2 teaspoons ground cinnamon
- 1/2 cup cold butter
- 1/2 cup dark corn syrup
- 3 teaspoons maple flavoring
- 1 cup chopped walnuts
- 3 cups confectioners' sugar
- 5 to 6 tablespoons whole milk
- 1 teaspoon maple flavoring
- In a large bowl, dissolve yeast in warm water. Add the milk, butter, eggs, sugar, salt and 9 cups flour; beat until smooth. Stir in enough remaining flour to form a soft dough. Turn onto a lightly floured surface; knead until smooth and elastic, about 6-8 minutes. Place in a greased bowl, turning once to grease the top. Cover and let rise in a warm place until doubled, about 1 hour.
- For filling, combine the sugars, flour and cinnamon in a small bowl. Cut in butter until mixture resembles coarse crumbs. Add corn syrup and maple flavoring. Stir in nuts.
- Punch dough down; turn onto a lightly floured surface. Divide into six portions. Roll one portion into a 14x8-in. rectangle. Spread 1/2 cup filling to within 1 in. of edges. Roll up jelly-roll style, starting with a long side; pinch seam to seal.
- Cut roll in half lengthwise. Place halves, cut side up, side by side; braid. Shape into a ring in a greased 9-in. round baking pan; pinch ends to seal. Repeat with remaining dough and filling. Cover and let rise in a warm place until doubled, about 1 hour.
- Bake at 350° for 20-25 minutes or until golden brown. Remove from pans to wire racks to cool. Combine glaze ingredients; drizzle over warm coffee cakes. Cut into wedges.


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Tuesday, November 17, 2009
Dope Sick by Walter Dean Myers
Not quite realistic fiction, not quite alternate reality, Myers bring Lil J to life not only by his deeds and actions, but how he reacts to Kelly, a man with an unusual gift and a television that can show Lil J certain moments in his life. Posing a question, Kelly asks Lil J if he could change one day, which would it be? And there is when the reader sees Lil J's life in full color: from the decisions he makes, to the way he feels, to where he is now. But what will ultimately happen to him?
This is a tale of the hood I've never really encountered before, and although short, it's a powerful read. It will most assuredly have appeal to YA readers, from the reluctant readers to those who read voraciously.
Here's the trailer...
Tuesday, November 10, 2009
Oh. My. Gods. by Tera Lynn Childs
Phoebe Castro loves three things in her life - her two best friends, Nola and Cesca; running; and her chances of going to USC on a full ride scholarship. But things take a different course when her mother comes back from Greece in tow with a nuew husband and a decision that she and Phoebe are moving to Greece during Phoebe's senior year, and Phoebe is LIVID!!
But what Phoebe doesn't realize is that she's not just going to any old Greek island...she's going to Serfopoula and to a very unique school...one that caters to the elite around the world, which goes beyond money and power. The elite? Descendents of the gods - and Phoebe is the only nothos on campus.
She doesn't make friends easily either. Her step-sister Stella hates her, and worst of all, Phoebe's crushing on the god of gods, Griffin, who treats her life an insect. And then there's Adara, THE queen goddess of the campus. Add to this the accelerated classes, homesickness, and trying to keep up with her running with the demi-gods, and Phoebe is wearing down quickly. She doesn't fit in with any of the cliques at school (separated by which god they're related to) and looks forward to the day she can IM her two besties. Can she make the year and fly back to California, or will she be stuck on a Greek island filled with uptight teens with unique powers and a lack of hospitality?
What a great read for teens!! Light, funny, romantic, this book will appeal to those girls who can't get enough romance in their hands. Childs pulls from mythological past and blends it with the 21st century in a fun read that will please the chick-lit crowd. It was just what I needed in my reading repertoire - nothing heavy, but something that made me feel like wings on Achilles' heels. Recommended.
Freeze Frame by Heidi Ayarbe
Kyle is obsessed with rewriting Scene Three. He's done it Tarantino style, Hitchcock style...but nothing seems to work. It's because he's blocked out what really happened, and all he wants to do is forget it ever did. What happened? It was the day he killed his best friend.
Jason and Kyle have been friends since they were little, but high school has changed their friendship. While Kyle seems to have stayed true to himself, he feels Jason has changed - he's moved into the jetset life of a football player and now there's little time shared between the two.
One weekend, after breakfast, Kyle and Jason find themselves in the old shed in the backyard. And in that shed, they find an old pistol...and that's where Kyle is stuck in his mind movie.
Life takes a decidedly different twist for Kyle, not only in his personal life, but at school and with his probation officer as well. After what happened, Kyle can't forgive himself and feels he deserves any punishment that comes to him. When he goes to court though, he can't believe the verdict. And once again, Kyle finds himself trapped at home, in his mind...all with the reality that he killed someone. But did he do it on purpose or was it truly an accident?
Heidi Ayarbe writes an incredibly compelling book about the actions, reactions and consequences of two guy's lives. Kyle becomes a real person the reader not only sees in flashbacks, but in real time, as well as what goes on inside Kyle's head. The other characters in the book not only act as a backdrop to understanding Kyle, but are strong characters as well, from his little sister to Jason's brother, to the parents involved. This is a page turner where the reader will want to know what Kyle's ending will be to the movie scene that continually runs in his mind. Recommended.
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This repost from Gamespot.com, will help you cruise past levels of the classic NES version of Super Mario Bros!
Unlimited 1-Ups
Get to world 3-1, and become Super Mario. At the end of the level, by the staircase before the end flag, you will see two turtles coming down the stairs. Jumping over the first one and then jumping on the second one should cause it to hit the star and bounce back. From here, jump on it and keep yourself off the ground for unlimited 1-ups.
Contributed by: Dude Love Fan
Negative World
Go to World 1-2. At the pipe that leads to the flag, break two blocks so there's one at the end touching the pipe. Now duck and jump backward toward the brick (don't break it!). You should go through the wall and pipe into a warp zone. Jump down the first pipe you see and you will be in the Negative World (-1)!
Contributed by: Grant Evans
Level Warp
To warp to Worlds 2, 3,or 4 during World 1-2, go to the end where the 2 platforms are rising, get on the first platform, and use it to jump onto the highest structure in the middle, then jump on the next rising platform, but this time, when it reaches the top, jump onto the TOP of the level. Walk foward and drop down the small jump, and you can now warp to Worlds 2, 3, or 4 by going down the desired tube, and pressing down.
Contributed by: InternalFlame
The Fireworks Secret
This is a pretty commonly known secret. If you touch the flagpole of any level with either 1, 3, or 6 seconds left on the ones place of the timer, you will get that amount of fireworks. For example, if you touch the flagpole with 126 seconds left on the time, you will get six fireworks!
Contributed by: skcin7
Shoot fireballs as small Mario
Go to either 1-4, 2-4,3-4, etc. and get to Bowser. Make sure you are Big Mario and try to jump over Bowser or run under him. Stand near the Axe and Bowser will start to walk towards you. As he gets near you, jump high, and touch Bowser and the Axe at the same time. If you do it correctly, you will hear the sound as if you were to shrink, but you will just flash and stay big. Go to the next stage, and get a Mushroom. (Yes, there will be a Mushroom instead of a Fire Flower.) When you touch the Mushroom, you will shrink. Then get a Fire Flower, and you'll have Fire Power as small Mario. (Note: after you do the Bowser/Axe trick, enemies that touch you will be able to kill you when you are Big Mario. When they touch you while you are small Mario after getting the Mushroom or Fire Flower, you will turn back into Big Mario.)
Contributed by: Lhunthangion
Level Warp to World 6,7 or 8
To warp to World 6,7 or 8 during World 4-2, go to the place where three blocks are can be seen (where a pipe can also be seen). Jump below the third block where you can reveal a secret block but be careful on jumping below the 1st block because you can't break it thus going to the secret warp world unless you are a small Mario. Then step on to it and break the 2nd and the 3rd block. After you have done this, go down, then jump again below the second block now (it should have been broken now). The position of the two revealed blocks must be a stair from right to left. Anyway, step on to the 2nd block then braek the 1st block and there you can see the vine going up. Climb until you reach the day light again. Get some coins if you wish and you can now see three pipes like in the secret warp Worlds 2,3 and 4. Go down your desired pipe.
Contributed by: yodi rr
Warp to World 5
Well this secret is so easy. At the very end place of world 4-2 (where you can see the pipe going to the flag) jump on the long pipe and break the brick above it and go through the end and you can see the pipe going to the World 5.
Contributed by: yodi rr
Blooper Dodge
If you just walk along the sea floor, Bloopers will never be able to kill you because they are forced back up just before they hit the floor(or you).
Contributed by: baconlabs
Access 5-1 from 1-2
To access this warp, you must be Super or Fiery Mario. Go to the pipe at the end of the level and jump on top of it. Jump up and break the block over top of the part of the pipe farthest left. Then, position Mario on the edge of the pipe, with one foot hanging off the edge. Duck, then jump backwards as far right as possible. If done just right, Mario will slide through the pipe and the bricks. Walk over to the warp zone area and enter the middle pipe. This pipe will take you to world 5, level 1. The same area can be acessed from a pipe in the same place in 4-2. However, this is meant to be a warp zone to 5-1, whereas the 1-2 warp to 5-1 is a glitch. After completing the jump trick in level 1-2, you can also go down either of the other two pipes, both of which will take you to Minus World -1.
Contributed by: nintendoman666
If you run out of lives and want to continue then at the game over screen press and hold A then press start at 1 player (or 2 player) and you will start at the beginning of the world at which you died!
Contributed by: cheeseyhuman2
World Select
After beating the game, if you do not turn off the console, you will return to the title screen. There, you can press the B Button to start as desired in World 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8.
Contributed by: KeyBlade999
Timer Underflow Glitch
This glitch only works in the castle levels where you fight Bowser at the end – for example, World 1-4, 2-4, 3-4, and so on. It is best to defeat Bowser with Fire Mario or Fire Luigi beforehand, as you must wait out most of the timer to execute this glitch. At the end of the castle levels, there is an axe which you must touch to end the level. If you time your jump correctly (a full jump as the timer goes from 002 to 001 often works) and land on the axe while the timer reads "000", you'll continue as normal to the usual sequence at the end of the castle. However, your timer bonus (50 points per second remaining) will be calculated as if you had 999 seconds, not zero, left on the clock. This allows for an easy 49,950 point boost! Note that this glitch, if executed on levels using a flagpole, will prevent you from earning the bonus in that level.
Contributed by: KeyBlade999
Extra jump after collecting a power up in mid-air
This only works with mushrooms and fire flowers. Reveal a power up from under any block which contains one. Now jump onto the power up and release the A button. As Mario is transitioning to the next power up, hold down the A button, and Mario will jump in mid-air!
Contributed by: TheUltimateM4


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Writing an LLVM IR Optimization
To give some intuition for how optimizations work, it is useful to walk through some examples. There are lots of different kinds of compiler optimizations, so it is hard to provide a recipe for how to solve an arbitrary problem. That said, most optimizations follow a simple three-part structure:
- Look for a pattern to be transformed.
- Verify that the transformation is safe/correct for the matched instance.
- Do the transformation, updating the code.
The most trivial optimization is pattern matching on arithmetic identities, such as: for any integer
X-X is 0,
X-0 is
(X*2)-X is
X. The first question is what these look like in LLVM IR. Some examples are:
⋮ ⋮ ⋮ %example1 = sub i32 %a, %a ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ %example2 = sub i32 %b, 0 ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ %tmp = mul i32 %c, 2 %example3 = sub i32 %tmp, %c ⋮ ⋮ ⋮
For these sorts of "peephole" transformations, LLVM provides an instruction simplification interface that is used as utilities by various other higher level transformations. These particular transformations are in the
SimplifySubInst function and look like this:
// X - 0 -> X if (match(Op1, m_Zero())) return Op0; // X - X -> 0 if (Op0 == Op1) return Constant::getNullValue(Op0->getType()); // (X*2) - X -> X if (match(Op0, m_Mul(m_Specific(Op1), m_ConstantInt<2>()))) return Op1; … return 0; // Nothing matched, return null to indicate no transformation.
In this code,
Op0 and
Op1 are bound to the left and right operands of an integer subtract instruction (importantly, these identities don't necessarily hold for IEEE floating point!). LLVM is implemented in C++, which isn't well known for its pattern matching capabilities (compared to functional languages like Objective Caml), but it does offer a very general template system that allows us to implement something similar. The
match function and the
m_ functions allow us to perform declarative pattern matching operations on LLVM IR code. For example, the
m_Specific predicate only matches if the left hand side of the multiplication is the same as
Together, these three cases are all pattern matched and the function returns the replacement if it can, or a null pointer if no replacement is possible. The caller of this function (
SimplifyInstruction) is a dispatcher that does a switch on the instruction opcode, dispatching to the opcode helper functions. It is called from various optimizations. A simple driver looks like this:
for (BasicBlock::iterator I = BB->begin(), E = BB->end(); I != E; ++I) if (Value *V = SimplifyInstruction(I)) I->replaceAllUsesWith(V);
This code simply loops over each instruction in a block, checking to see if any of them simplify. If so (because
SimplifyInstruction returns non-null), it uses the
replaceAllUsesWith method to update anything in the code using the simplifiable operation with the simpler form.
LLVM's Implementation of Three-Phase Design
In an LLVM-based compiler, a front end is responsible for parsing, validating and diagnosing errors in the input code, then translating the parsed code into LLVM IR (usually, but not always, by building an AST and then converting the AST to LLVM IR). This IR is optionally fed through a series of analysis and optimization passes which improve the code, then is sent into a code generator to produce native machine code, as shown in Figure 3. This is a very straightforward implementation of the three-phase design, but this simple description glosses over some of the power and flexibility that the LLVM architecture derives from LLVM IR.
Figure 3: LLVM's Implementation of the three-phase design.
LLVM IR is a Complete Code Representation
In particular, LLVM IR is both well specified and the only interface to the optimizer. This property means that all you need to know to write a front end for LLVM is what LLVM IR is, how it works, and the invariants it expects. Since LLVM IR has a first-class textual form, it is both possible and reasonable to build a front end that outputs LLVM IR as text, then uses UNIX pipes to send it through the optimizer sequence and code generator of your choice.
It might be surprising, but this is actually a pretty novel property to LLVM and one of the major reasons for its success in a broad range of different applications. Even the widely successful and relatively well-architected GCC compiler does not have this property: its GIMPLE mid-level representation is not a self-contained representation. As a simple example, when the GCC code generator goes to emit DWARF debug information, it reaches back and walks the source level "tree" form. GIMPLE itself uses a "tuple" representation for the operations in the code, but (at least as of GCC 4.5) still represents operands as references back to the source level tree form.
The implications of this are that front-end authors need to know and produce GCC's tree data structures as well as GIMPLE to write a GCC front end. The GCC back end has similar problems, so they also need to know bits and pieces of how the RTL back end works as well. Finally, GCC doesn't have a way to dump out "everything representing my code," or a way to read and write GIMPLE (and the related data structures that form the representation of the code) in text form. The result is that it is relatively hard to experiment with GCC, and therefore it has relatively few front ends.
LLVM is a Collection of Libraries
After the design of LLVM IR, the next most important aspect of LLVM is that it is designed as a set of libraries, rather than as a monolithic command line compiler like GCC or an opaque virtual machine like the JVM or .NET virtual machines. LLVM is an infrastructure, a collection of useful compiler technology that can be brought to bear on specific problems (like building a C compiler, or an optimizer in a special effects pipeline). While one of its most powerful features, it is also one of its least understood design points.
Let's look at the design of the optimizer as an example: it reads LLVM IR in, chews on it a bit, then emits LLVM IR, which hopefully will execute faster. In LLVM (as in many other compilers) the optimizer is organized as a pipeline of distinct optimization passes each of which is run on the input and has a chance to do something. Common examples of passes are the inliner (which substitutes the body of a function into call sites), expression reassociation, loop invariant code motion, etc. Depending on the optimization level, different passes are run: for example at -O0 (no optimization) the Clang compiler runs no passes, at -O3 it runs a series of 67 passes in its optimizer (as of LLVM 2.8).
Each LLVM pass is written as a C++ class that derives (indirectly) from the
Pass class. Most passes are written in a single
.cpp file, and their subclass of the
Pass class is defined in an anonymous namespace (which makes it completely private to the defining file). In order for the pass to be useful, code outside the file has to be able to get it, so a single function (to create the pass) is exported from the file. Here is a slightly simplified example of a pass to make things concrete. (For more details, see Writing an LLVM Pass Manual.
namespace { class Hello : public FunctionPass { public: // Print out the names of functions in the LLVM IR being optimized. virtual bool runOnFunction(Function &F) { cerr << "Hello: " << F.getName() << "\n"; return false; } }; } FunctionPass *createHelloPass() { return new Hello(); }
As mentioned, the LLVM optimizer provides dozens of different passes, each of which are written in a similar style. These passes are compiled into one or more
.o files, which are then built into a series of archive libraries (
.a files on UNIX systems). These libraries provide all sorts of analysis and transformation capabilities, and the passes are as loosely coupled as possible: they are expected to stand on their own, or explicitly declare their dependencies among other passes if they depend on some other analysis to do their job. When given a series of passes to run, the LLVM
PassManager uses the explicit dependency information to satisfy these dependencies and optimize the execution of passes.
Libraries and abstract capabilities are great, but they don't actually solve problems. The interesting bit comes when someone wants to build a new tool that can benefit from compiler technology, perhaps a JIT compiler for an image processing language. The implementer of this JIT compiler has a set of constraints in mind: for example, perhaps the image processing language is highly sensitive to compile-time latency and has some idiomatic language properties that are important to optimize away for performance reasons.
The library-based design of the LLVM optimizer allows our implementer to pick and choose both the order in which passes execute, and which ones make sense for the image processing domain: if everything is defined as a single big function, it doesn't make sense to waste time on inlining. If there are few pointers, alias analysis and memory optimization aren't worth bothering about. However, despite our best efforts, LLVM doesn't magically solve all optimization problems. Since the pass subsystem is modularized and the
PassManager itself doesn't know anything about the internals of the passes, the implementer is free to implement their own language-specific passes to cover for deficiencies in the LLVM optimizer or to explicit language-specific optimization opportunities. Figure 4 shows a simple example for our hypothetical XYZ image processing system:
Figure 4: Hypothetical XYZ System using LLVM.
Once the set of optimizations is chosen (and similar decisions are made for the code generator) the image processing compiler is built into an executable or dynamic library. Since the only reference to the LLVM optimization passes is the simple create function defined in each
.o file, and because the optimizers live in
.a archive libraries, only the optimization passes that are actually used are linked into the end application, not the entire LLVM optimizer. In our aforementioned example, since there is a reference to
PassA and
PassB, they will get linked in. Since
PassB uses
PassD to do some analysis,
PassD gets linked in. However, since
PassC (and dozens of other optimizations) aren't used, its code isn't linked into the image processing application.
This is where the power of the library-based design of LLVM comes into play. This straightforward design approach allows LLVM to provide a vast amount of capability, some of which may only be useful to specific audiences, without punishing clients of the libraries that just want to do simple things. In contrast, traditional compiler optimizers are built as a tightly interconnected mass of code, which is much more difficult to subset, reason about, and come up to speed on. With LLVM you can understand individual optimizers without knowing how the whole system fits together.
This library-based design is also the reason why so many people misunderstand what LLVM is all about: The LLVM libraries have many capabilities, but they don't actually do anything by themselves. It is up to the designer of the client of the libraries (for example, the Clang C compiler) to decide how to put the pieces to best use. This careful layering, factoring, and focus on subset-ability is also why the LLVM optimizer can be used for such a broad range of different applications in different contexts. Also, just because LLVM provides JIT compilation capabilities, it doesn't mean that every client uses it.
Design of the Retargetable LLVM Code Generator
The LLVM code generator is responsible for transforming LLVM IR into target specific machine code. On the one hand, it is the code generator's job to produce the best possible machine code for any given target. Ideally, each code generator should be completely custom code for the target, but on the other hand, the code generators for each target need to solve very similar problems. For example, each target needs to assign values to registers, and though each target has different register files, the algorithms used should be shared wherever possible.
Similar to the approach in the optimizer, LLVM's code generator splits the code generation problem into individual passes instruction selection, register allocation, scheduling, code layout optimization, and assembly emission and provides many builtin passes that are run by default. The target author is then given the opportunity to choose among the default passes, override the defaults and implement completely custom target-specific passes as required. For example, the x86 back end uses a register-pressure-reducing scheduler since it has very few registers, but the PowerPC back end uses a latency optimizing scheduler since it has many of them. The x86 back end uses a custom pass to handle the x87 floating point stack, and the ARM back end uses a custom pass to place constant pool islands inside functions where needed. This flexibility allows target authors to produce great code without having to write an entire code generator from scratch for their target.


text: Triathlon is, without doubt, one of the most gruelling sports in the world combining swimming, cycling and running over various distances. The physical requirements of this sport demand a well trained and well fuelled body. TabsIntro Triathlon is a sport that pushes the body to its extreme physical capabilities. Whilst most people struggle to be efficient in any one discipline, triathletes must master three separate disciplines (swimming, cycling and running) and be equally competent at them all. The combination of three disciplines makes training for triathlon particularly difficult and taxing. Whilst most triathletes will have one 'weak' discipline it is vital that training involves a good balance between all three with emphasis placed on exercise economy and overall stamina. Training must also involve a certain amount of periodisation, where the athlete peaks just before an event, recovers directly after and maintains their fitness in-between events. There is no doubt that nutrition plays a massive role in fuelling both training and competition, so a balanced diet plan is imperative for any serious triathlete. Helpful Tips Energy to competeThe sheer volume and duration of triathlon requires a consistent supply of energy throughout training and competition. Whilst the body carries a vast amount of stored energy, it doesn't carry enough to fuel your body at its highest level throughout a triathlon; therefore it is important to re-fuel at every given opportunity. Not only will Tri-Carb help maintain energy levels by maintaining your carbohydrate stores, but it will also help keep you hydrated throughout your activity. Fuel to aid recovery and help growthDue to the intensity required in training, it is important to ensure your body recovers quickly and effectively so that you can maintain a regular training routine. The more quality time you can spend training, the more likely you are to beat your personal best times in competition. Recovery XS combines protein, carbohydrates and a number of other excellent ingredients to help promote recovery after exercise. The nutrients included in Recovery XS have been proven to improve recovery and help the body repair itself from the damage incurred during intense exercise. It is also important to maintain a high protein diet in order to build new muscle and help prevent muscle deterioration. A high protein shake like True Whey allows you to boost your protein levels at any point during the day, especially between meals. Improving performanceHaving built a structured dietary and training routine, it is often a good idea to consider how you can start pushing your physical capabilities to the next level and get one step ahead of your competitors. There are a number of sports supplements that can give you an extra boost and we recommend Beta Alanine for anyone looking to improve their triathlon performance. This amino acid helps slow down the onset of fatigue and also allows your body to work harder for longer. Looking after your bodyVitamins play a huge role in helping the body recover, stay healthy and also flush out any unwanted toxins or free radicals. A comprehensive multi vitamin such as Alpha Men (Super Multi Vitamin) should be a part of any serious athletes' daily supplementation. Avoiding injury or illness is extremely important for any athlete. The essential fatty acid content of Super Omega 3 offers a variety of health benefits including reduced blood cholesterol and the promotion of healthier joints, something that all triathletes should consider when looking at the amount of impact placed on the joints during an event.


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