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Submitting your artwork is easy, simply follow these instructions when you design & upload the artwork. Click on an instruction for more information.
"HelloPrint's customer service was excellent and delivery was swift. I dealt with about five different members of staff at different points and received the same high level of excellent service. Overall, they were kind, patient and did a fantastic job with our banner. They even help to re-design the submitted work when they found it to be of low resolution, at no extra cost! We will definitely recommend them again and again. Tokky KICC Kingdom Harvest"
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"Lilly was so helpful in helping creating an artwork for my RSVP wedding invitations with no extra costs, l was only charged for the printing. The cards are really good quality, I'm so pleased with the service, delivery was so quick provided with the COVID-19 situation.I will definitely use Hello Print again."
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"Hello Print were recommended to me by a colleague, who didn't realise that I didn't have a design readily available to hand (as I thought I could use online templates etc on the site).. However, I especially send my applause to 'Adam' at the company, who was so helpful and patient with me as it took a few weeks for me to design something... and we got there in the end! I'd recommend this company as they were excellent to deal with - next time I'll have my designs prepared though! :D"
"My experience with Helloprint has been excellent.Lucy Dean, Rose and Nicole have been brilliant with getting my booklet printed. They answered every email and were able to help with all my queries. Thank you"
"I am very pleased with the flyers for my Painting and Decorating business good value for money and hopefully will drum up some good business would definitely recommend"
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"I ordered a vinyl banner, it was so easy to order and upload the photo, I knew instantly if it was good enough quality or not so I could adjust. It arrived really quickly and is beautiful quality. Highly recommended"
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"Having used other printers for business leaflets I was quite surprised at the ease of ordering with Helloprint. I know other printers have an ease of ordering system but Helloprint takes this system one step higher, it really is a straightforward way of ordering and quicker. I was given a view of what the final print would be and a chance to change anything but it needed nothing, Hello print had it and the price right first time. I was then given a date of delivery but was surprised to have it arrive two days early, the paper used and the look of my fliers was fantastic. Very pleased with the outcome. Thank you Hello print."
This 5 months calendar is the perfect corporate gift, but also a musthave when it comes to your business stationary. The advantage of this calendar is that it can be printed all-over in full colour, whereas other variants only allow you to add an image and logo to the top on the calendar.
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Sferra's Festival Table Cloths come in a range of 101 solid colors to coordinate with today's fashion forward dinnerware. Woven in Europe, this heavyweight 100% linen fabric is finished by hand with a row of refined thread-drawn hemstitching.Cocktail Napkins, Dinner Napkins and Placemats are stocked in all colors.
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NEW YORK – Landon Donovan's string of MLS All-Star appearances is over, but DeAndre Yedlin's might just be getting started.
MLS All-Star manager Peter Vermes and league Commissioner Don Garber filled out the final 18-man game day roster on Monday for the upcoming summer showcase later this month, and it's just as memorable for the names on the list as well as the big one left off.
Those added by Vermes include Real Salt Lake captain and US national team regular Kyle Beckerman and LA Galaxy striker Robbie Keane, while Garber opted to use his traditional two Commissioner's picks on New York Red Bulls Designated Player Tim Cahill and the young Seattle Sounders defender Yedlin, who becomes the first rookie named to the gameday roster since defender Michael Parkhurst earned the honor for the New England Revolution in 2005.
Donovan, meanwhile, was left off the roster for the first time in his MLS career, snapping a league-record of 12 consecutive All-Star appearances.
Vermes also added Real Salt Lake's Nick Rimando as a backup goalkeeper, defenders Corey Ashe (Houston Dynamo) and Tony Beltran (Real Salt Lake), midfielder Patrice Bernier (Montreal Impact) and forward Camillo Sanvezzo (Vancouer Whitecaps).
Yedlin, Cahill, Keane, Ashe, Beltran, Bernier and Sanvezzo are all making their first All-Star appearances. Beckerman will appear his seventh consecutive All-Star Game, while Rimando will make the third appearance of his career.
The first 10 players on the roster were named by the fans earlier this month, while Montreal Impact forward Marco Di Vaio was added to the roster via the 'In the Game' Challenge on July 11.
The All-Stars take Serie A side AS Roma in the AT&T MLS All-Star Game on July 31 at Sporting Park (9 pm ET | ESPN2, UniMas in the US; TSN and RDS in Canada).
MLS All-Star Gameday Roster
Goalkeeper: Raúl Fernández (FC Dallas), Nick Rimando (Real Salt Lake)
Defenders: Corey Ashe (Houston Dynamo), Matt Besler (Sporting Kansas City), Tony Beltran (Real Salt Lake), Aurélien Collin (Sporting Kansas City), Omar Gonzalez (LA Galaxy), DeAndre Yedlin (Seattle Sounders FC)
Midfielders: Kyle Beckerman (Real Salt Lake), Patrice Bernier (Montreal Impact), Tim Cahill (New York Red Bulls), Brad Davis (Houston Dynamo), Will Johnson (Portland Timbers), Mike Magee (Chicago Fire), Graham Zusi (Sporting Kansas City)
Forwards: Marco Di Vaio (Montreal Impact), Thierry Henry (New York Red Bulls), Robbie Keane (LA Galaxy), Camilo Sanvezzo (Vancouver Whitecaps FC), Chris Wondolowski (San Jose Earthquakes)


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Honda CBR 125R 2009
Motorbike color info
Picture of the stickers is only illustrative - shows what is included in the stickerset. The colors of the stickers for a particular motorcycle may be different than in the picture shows. No worries, the stickers will be made in colors appropriate to the selected color of the motorcycle.
Honda CBR 125R 2009
- Stock: In Stock
- Brand: Honda
- Model: CBR 125R 2009


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As members of SafeAgent* and with over 30 years experience as property management agents, we are able to give peace of mind to both landlords and tenants to ensure they receive the highest levels of service in the industry.
Our continued success is attributed to both recommendations from a strong and loyal client base who appreciates the consistent high level of service offered, and our in-depth knowledge of the London property market. Home Minders incorporates all the traditional values you would expect from a well-established firm.
The team includes highly trained, long-standing key members of staff, allied to a high class maintenance team, which delivers the best performance for all our clients.
Home Minders is also a member of the SafeAgent client money protection scheme.
The map above shows boroughs currently serviced by Home Minders London.
We serve all N, NW, W, WC, EC, E & SW postcodes, and in particular: Bayswater, Belgravia, Belsize Park, Camden Town, Canary Wharf, Chelsea, Crouch End, Earls Court, Finchley, Fitzrovia, Fulham, Hampstead, Hampstead Garden Suburb, Highbury, Highgate, Islington, Kensington, Ladbroke Grove, Marble Arch, Mayfair, Muswell Hill, Notting Hill, Pimlico, Regents Park, Rotherhithe, South Kensington, St John's Wood, West Hampstead, Westminster.
* SafeAgent is a UK wide licensing scheme for lettings and management agents offering assurance to landlords and tenants in knowing that the firm meets defined standards of customer service as well as having in place insurance to protect clients' money and offer independent redress
Home Minders recently acquired Stark Joseph, significantly increasing the size of the business, and allowing Home Minders to consolidate its position north of the Thames.
For more information about this acquisition a press release is available here.
If you are interested in finding out more about any of our landlord services please complete the enquiry form or feel free to email the office via our contact us page, or telephone on 020 8447 1948.


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For other uses, see Asphalt (disambiguation). Note: The terms bitumen and asphalt are mostly interchangeable, Commercial Paving Company in East Rand except where asphalt is used as a shorthand for asphalt concrete. Natural bitumen from the Dead Sea Refined asphalt The University of Queensland pitch drop experiment, demonstrating the viscosity of asphalt
Asphalt (/ˈæsˌfɔːlt, -ˌfɑːlt/), also known as bitumen (UK English: /ˈbɪtʃəmən, ˈbɪtjʊmən/,[1] US English: /bɪˈt(j)uːmən, baɪˈt(j)uːmən/)[2] is a sticky, black, and highly viscous liquid or semi-solid form of petroleum. It may be found in natural deposits or may be a refined product, and is classed as a pitch. Before the 20th century, the term asphaltum was also used.
The primary use (70%) of asphalt Asphalt Driveway Sealer Reviews is in road construction, where it is used as the glue or binder mixed with aggregate particles to create asphalt concrete. Its other main uses are for bituminous waterproofing products, including production of roofing felt and for sealing flat roofs.
The terms "asphalt" and "bitumen" are often used interchangeably to mean both natural and manufactured forms of the substance. In American English, "asphalt" (or "asphalt cement") is commonly used for a refined residue from the distillation process of selected crude oils. Outside the United States, the product is often called "bitumen", and geologists worldwide often prefer the term for the naturally occurring variety. Common colloquial usage often refers to various forms of asphalt as "tar", as in the name of the La Brea Tar Pits.
Naturally occurring asphalt is sometimes specified by the term "crude bitumen". Commercial Paving Company Its viscosity is similar to that of cold molasses[6][7] while the material obtained from the fractional distillation of crude oil boiling at 525 °C (977 °F) is sometimes referred to as "refined bitumen". The Canadian province of Alberta has most of the world's reserves of natural asphalt in the Athabasca oil sands, which cover 142,000 square kilometres (55,000 sq mi), an area larger than England.
The word "asphalt" is derived from the late Middle English, in turn from French asphalte, based on Late Latin asphalton, asphaltum, which is the latinisation of the Greek ἄσφαλτος (ásphaltos, ásphalton), a word meaning "asphalt/bitumen/pitch" which perhaps derives from ἀ-, "without" and σφάλλω (sfallō), "make fall". Asphalt Paving Companies the first use of asphalt by the ancients was in the nature of a cement for securing or joining together various objects, and it thus seems likely that the name itself was expressive of this application. Specifically, Herodotus mentioned that bitumen was brought to Babylon to build its gigantic fortification wall.[11] From the Greek, the word passed into late Latin, and thence into French (asphalte) and English ("asphaltum" and "asphalt"). In French, the term asphalte is used for naturally occurring asphalt-soaked limestone deposits, and for specialised manufactured products with fewer voids or greater bitumen content than the "asphaltic concrete" used to pave roads.
The expression "bitumen" originated in the Sanskrit words jatu, meaning "pitch", and jatu-krit, meaning "pitch creating" or "pitch producing" (referring to coniferous or resinous trees). The Latin equivalent is claimed by some to be originally gwitu-men (pertaining to pitch), and by others, pixtumens (exuding or bubbling pitch), which was subsequently shortened to bitumen, thence passing via French into English. From the same root is derived the Anglo-Saxon word cwidu (mastix), the German word Kitt (cement or mastic) and the old Norse word kvada.
In British English, "bitumen" is used instead of "asphalt". The word "asphalt" is instead used to refer to asphalt concrete, a mixture of construction aggregate and asphalt itself (also called "tarmac" in common parlance). Bitumen mixed with clay was usually called "asphaltum",[13] but the term is less commonly used today.[citation needed]
Bleeding (roads)
In Australian English, "bitumen" is often used as the generic term for road surfaces.
In American English, "asphalt" is equivalent to the British "bitumen". However, "asphalt" is also commonly used as a shortened form of "asphalt concrete" (therefore equivalent to the British "asphalt" or "tarmac").
In Canadian English, the word "bitumen" is used to refer to the vast Canadian deposits of extremely heavy crude oil,[14] while "asphalt" is used for the oil refinery product. Diluted bitumen (diluted with naphtha to make it flow in pipelines) is known as "dilbit" in the Canadian petroleum industry, while bitumen "upgraded" to synthetic crude oil is known as "syncrude", and syncrude blended with bitumen is called "synbit".[15]
"Bitumen" is still the preferred geological term for naturally occurring deposits of the solid or semi-solid form of petroleum. "Bituminous rock" is a form of sandstone impregnated with bitumen. The tar sands of Alberta, Canada are a similar material.
Neither of the terms "asphalt" or "bitumen" should be confused with tar or coal tars.[further explanation needed]
See also: Asphaltene
The components of asphalt include four main classes of compounds:
The naphthene aromatics and polar aromatics are typically the majority components. Most natural bitumens also contain organosulfur compounds, resulting in an overall sulfur content of up to 4%. Nickel and vanadium are found at <10 parts per million, as is typical of some petroleum.
The substance is soluble in carbon disulfide. It is commonly modelled as a colloid, with asphaltenes as the dispersed phase and maltenes as the continuous phase.[16] "It is almost impossible to separate and identify all the different molecules of asphalt, because the number of molecules with different chemical structure is extremely large".
Asphalt may be confused with coal tar, which is a visually similar black, thermoplastic material produced by the destructive distillation of coal. During the early and mid-20th century, when town gas was produced, coal tar was a readily available byproduct and extensively used as the binder for road aggregates. The addition of coal tar to macadam roads led to the word "tarmac", which is now used in common parlance to refer to road-making materials. However, since the 1970s, when natural gas succeeded town gas, asphalt has completely overtaken the use of coal tar in these applications. Other examples of this confusion include the La Brea Tar Pits and the Canadian oil sands, both of which actually contain natural bitumen rather than tar. "Pitch" is another term sometimes informally used at times to refer to asphalt, as in Pitch Lake.
Bituminous outcrop of the Puy de la Poix, Clermont-Ferrand, France
The majority of asphalt used commercially is obtained from petroleum.[18] Nonetheless, large amounts of asphalt occur in concentrated form in nature. Naturally occurring deposits of bitumen are formed from the remains of ancient, microscopic algae (diatoms) and other once-living things. These remains were deposited in the mud on the bottom of the ocean or lake where the organisms lived. Under the heat (above 50 °C) and pressure of burial deep in the earth, the remains were transformed into materials such as bitumen, kerogen, or petroleum.
Natural deposits of bitumen include lakes such as the Pitch Lake in Trinidad and Tobago and Lake Bermudez in Venezuela. Natural seeps occur in the La Brea Tar Pits and in the Dead Sea.
Bitumen also occurs in unconsolidated sandstones known as "oil sands" in Alberta, Canada, and the similar "tar sands" in Utah, US. The Canadian province of Alberta has most of the world's reserves, in three huge deposits covering 142,000 square kilometres (55,000 sq mi), an area larger than England or New York state. These bituminous sands contain 166 billion barrels (26.4×10^9 m3) of commercially established oil reserves, giving Canada the third largest oil reserves in the world. Although historically it was used without refining to pave roads, nearly all of the output is now used as raw material for oil refineries in Canada and the United States.
The world's largest deposit of natural bitumen, known as the Athabasca oil sands, is located in the McMurray Formation of Northern Alberta. This formation is from the early Cretaceous, and is composed of numerous lenses of oil-bearing sand with up to 20% oil.[19] Isotopic studies show the oil deposits to be about 110 million years old.[20] Two smaller but still very large formations occur in the Peace River oil sands and the Cold Lake oil sands, to the west and southeast of the Athabasca oil sands, respectively. Of the Alberta deposits, only parts of the Athabasca oil sands are shallow enough to be suitable for surface mining. The other 80% has to be produced by oil wells using enhanced oil recovery techniques like steam-assisted gravity drainage.
Much smaller heavy oil or bitumen deposits also occur in the Uinta Basin in Utah, US. The Tar Sand Triangle deposit, for example, is roughly 6% bitumen.
Bitumen may occur in hydrothermal veins. An example of this is within the Uinta Basin of Utah, in the US, where there is a swarm of laterally and vertically extensive veins composed of a solid hydrocarbon termed Gilsonite. These veins formed by the polymerization and solidification of hydrocarbons that were mobilized from the deeper oil shales of the Green River Formation during burial and diagenesis.
Bitumen is similar to the organic matter in carbonaceous meteorites.[23] However, detailed studies have shown these materials to be distinct.[24] The vast Alberta bitumen resources are considered to have started out as living material from marine plants and animals, mainly algae, that died millions of years ago when an ancient ocean covered Alberta. They were covered by mud, buried deeply over time, and gently cooked into oil by geothermal heat at a temperature of 50 to 150 °C (120 to 300 °F). Due to pressure from the rising of the Rocky Mountains in southwestern Alberta, 80 to 55 million years ago, the oil was driven northeast hundreds of kilometres and trapped into underground sand deposits left behind by ancient river beds and ocean beaches, thus forming the oil sands.
The use of natural bitumen for waterproofing, and as an adhesive dates at least to the fifth millennium BC, with a crop storage basket discovered in Mehrgarh, of the Indus Valley Civilization, lined with it.[25] By the 3rd millennia BC refined rock asphalt was in use, in the region, and was used to waterproof the Great Bath, Mohenjo-daro.
In the ancient Middle East, the Sumerians used natural bitumen deposits for mortar between bricks and stones, to cement parts of carvings, such as eyes, into place, for ship caulking, and for waterproofing.[3] The Greek historian Herodotus said hot bitumen was used as mortar in the walls of Babylon.
The 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) long Euphrates Tunnel beneath the river Euphrates at Babylon in the time of Queen Semiramis (ca. 800 BC) was reportedly constructed of burnt bricks covered with bitumen as a waterproofing agent.
Bitumen was used by ancient Egyptians to embalm mummies.[3][28] The Persian word for asphalt is moom, which is related to the English word mummy. The Egyptians' primary source of bitumen was the Dead Sea, which the Romans knew as Palus Asphaltites (Asphalt Lake).
Approximately 40 AD, Dioscorides described the Dead Sea material as Judaicum bitumen, and noted other places in the region where it could be found.[29] The Sidon bitumen is thought to refer to material found at Hasbeya.[30] Pliny refers also to bitumen being found in Epirus. It was a valuable strategic resource, the object of the first known battle for a hydrocarbon deposit—between the Seleucids and the Nabateans in 312 BC.
In the ancient Far East, natural bitumen was slowly boiled to get rid of the higher fractions, leaving a thermoplastic material of higher molecular weight that when layered on objects became quite hard upon cooling. This was used to cover objects that needed waterproofing,[3] such as scabbards and other items. Statuettes of household deities were also cast with this type of material in Japan, and probably also in China.
In North America, archaeological recovery has indicated bitumen was sometimes used to adhere stone projectile points to wooden shafts.[32] In Canada, aboriginal people used bitumen seeping out of the banks of the Athabasca and other rivers to waterproof birch bark canoes, and also heated it in smudge pots to ward off mosquitoes in the summer.
In 1553, Pierre Belon described in his work Observations that pissasphalto, a mixture of pitch and bitumen, was used in the Republic of Ragusa (now Dubrovnik, Croatia) for tarring of ships.
An 1838 edition of Mechanics Magazine cites an early use of asphalt in France. A pamphlet dated 1621, by "a certain Monsieur d'Eyrinys, states that he had discovered the existence (of asphaltum) in large quantities in the vicinity of Neufchatel", and that he proposed to use it in a variety of ways – "principally in the construction of air-proof granaries, and in protecting, by means of the arches, the water-courses in the city of Paris from the intrusion of dirt and filth", which at that time made the water unusable. "He expatiates also on the excellence of this material for forming level and durable terraces" in palaces, "the notion of forming such terraces in the streets not one likely to cross the brain of a Parisian of that generation".
But the substance was generally neglected in France until the revolution of 1830. In the 1830s there was a surge of interest, and asphalt became widely used "for pavements, flat roofs, and the lining of cisterns, and in England, some use of it had been made of it for similar purposes". Its rise in Europe was "a sudden phenomenon", after natural deposits were found "in France at Osbann (Bas-Rhin), the Parc (Ain) and the Puy-de-la-Poix (Puy-de-Dôme)", although it could also be made artificially.[35] One of the earliest uses in France was the laying of about 24,000 square yards of Seyssel asphalt at the Place de la Concorde in 1835.
Among the earlier uses of bitumen in the United Kingdom was for etching. William Salmon's Polygraphice (1673) provides a recipe for varnish used in etching, consisting of three ounces of virgin wax, two ounces of mastic, and one ounce of asphaltum.[37] By the fifth edition in 1685, he had included more asphaltum recipes from other sources.
The first British patent for the use of asphalt was "Cassell's patent asphalte or bitumen" in 1834.[35] Then on 25 November 1837, Richard Tappin Claridge patented the use of Seyssel asphalt (patent #7849), for use in asphalte pavement,[39][40] having seen it employed in France and Belgium when visiting with Frederick Walter Simms, who worked with him on the introduction of asphalt to Britain.[41][42] Dr T. Lamb Phipson writes that his father, Samuel Ryland Phipson, a friend of Claridge, was also "instrumental in introducing the asphalte pavement (in 1836)".[43] Indeed, mastic pavements had been previously employed at Vauxhall by a competitor of Claridge, but without success.
Claridge obtained a patent in Scotland on 27 March 1838, and obtained a patent in Ireland on 23 April 1838. In 1851, extensions for the 1837 patent and for both 1838 patents were sought by the trustees of a company previously formed by Claridge. Claridge's Patent Asphalte Company—formed in 1838 for the purpose of introducing to Britain "Asphalte in its natural state from the mine at Pyrimont Seysell in France",—"laid one of the first asphalt pavements in Whitehall". Trials were made of the pavement in 1838 on the footway in Whitehall, the stable at Knightsbridge Barracks,"and subsequently on the space at the bottom of the steps leading from Waterloo Place to St. James Park". "The formation in 1838 of Claridge's Patent Asphalte Company (with a distinguished list of aristocratic patrons, and Marc and Isambard Brunel as, respectively, a trustee and consulting engineer), gave an enormous impetus to the development of a British asphalt industry".[45] "By the end of 1838, at least two other companies, Robinson's and the Bastenne company, were in production",[50] with asphalt being laid as paving at Brighton, Herne Bay, Canterbury, Kensington, the Strand, and a large floor area in Bunhill-row, while meantime Claridge's Whitehall paving "continue(d) in good order".
Commercial Paving Company in East Rand ?(Redirected from Asphalt pavement) A road being resurfaced
A road surface or pavement is the durable surface material laid down on an area intended to sustain vehicular or foot traffic, such as a road or walkway. In the past, gravel road surfaces, cobblestone and granite setts were extensively used, but these surfaces have mostly been replaced by asphalt or concrete laid on a compacted base course. Road surfaces are frequently marked to guide traffic. Today, permeable paving methods are beginning to be used for low-impact roadways and walkways. Pavements are crucial to countries such as US and Canada, which heavily depend on road transportation. Therefore, research projects such as Long-Term Pavement Performance are launched to optimize the life-cycle of different road surfaces.[1][2]Red surfacing for the bicycle lane in the Netherlands Closeup of asphalt on a driveway
Asphalt (specifically, asphalt concrete), sometimes called flexible pavement due to the nature in which it distributes loads, has been widely used since the 1920s. The viscous nature of the bitumen binder allows asphalt concrete to sustain significant plastic deformation, although fatigue from repeated loading over time is the most common failure mechanism. Most asphalt surfaces are laid on a gravel base, which is generally at least as thick as the asphalt layer, although some 'full depth' asphalt surfaces are laid directly on the native subgrade. In areas with very soft or expansive subgrades such as clay or peat, thick gravel bases or stabilization of the subgrade with Portland cement or lime may be required. Polypropylene and polyester geosynthetics have also been used for this purpose[3] and in some northern countries, a layer of polystyrene boards have been used to delay and minimize frost penetration into the subgrade.[4]
Depending on the temperature at which it is applied, asphalt is categorized as hot mix, warm mix, or cold mix. Hot mix asphalt is applied at temperatures over 300 °F (150 °C) with a free floating screed. Warm mix asphalt is applied at temperatures of 200–250 °F (95–120 °C), resulting in reduced energy usage and emissions of volatile organic compounds.[5] Cold mix asphalt is often used on lower-volume rural roads, where hot mix asphalt would cool too much on the long trip from the asphalt plant to the construction site.[6]
An asphalt concrete surface will generally be constructed for high-volume primary highways having an average annual daily traffic load greater than 1200 vehicles per day.[7] Advantages of asphalt roadways include relatively low noise, relatively low cost compared with other paving methods, and perceived ease of repair. Disadvantages include less durability than other paving methods, less tensile strength than concrete, the tendency to become slick and soft in hot weather and a certain amount of hydrocarbon pollution to soil and groundwater or waterways.
In the mid-1960s, rubberized asphalt was used for the first time, mixing crumb rubber from used tires with asphalt.[8] While a potential use for tires that would otherwise fill landfills and present a fire hazard, rubberized asphalt has shown greater incidence of wear in freeze-thaw cycles in temperate zones due to non-homogeneous expansion and contraction with non-rubber components. The application of rubberized asphalt is more temperature-sensitive, and in many locations can only be applied at certain times of the year.[citation needed]
Study results of the long-term acoustic benefits of rubberized asphalt are inconclusive. Initial application of rubberized asphalt may provide 3–5 decibels (dB) reduction in tire-pavement source noise emissions; however, this translates to only 1–3 decibels (dB) in total traffic noise level reduction (due to the other components of traffic noise). Compared to traditional passive attenuating measures (e.g., noise walls and earth berms), rubberized asphalt provides shorter-lasting and lesser acoustic benefits at typically much greater expense.[citation needed]Concrete roadway in San Jose, California Further information: Concrete
Concrete surfaces (specifically, Portland cement concrete) are created using a concrete mix of Portland cement, coarse aggregate, sand and water. In virtually all modern mixes there will also be various admixtures added to increase workability, reduce the required amount of water, mitigate harmful chemical reactions and for other beneficial purposes. In many cases there will also be Portland cement substitutes added, such as fly ash. This can reduce the cost of the concrete and improve its physical properties. The material is applied in a freshly mixed slurry, and worked mechanically to compact the interior and force some of the cement slurry to the surface to produce a smoother, denser surface free from honeycombing. The water allows the mix to combine molecularly in a chemical reaction called hydration.A concrete road in Ewing, New Jersey. The original pavement was laid in the 1950s and has not been significantly altered since.
Concrete surfaces have been refined into three common types: jointed plain (JPCP), jointed reinforced (JRCP) and continuously reinforced (CRCP). The one item that distinguishes each type is the jointing system used to control crack development.
One of the major advantages of concrete pavements is they are typically stronger and more durable than asphalt roadways. They also can be grooved to provide a durable skid-resistant surface. A notable disadvantage is that they typically can have a higher initial cost, and can be more time-consuming to construct. This cost can typically be offset through the long life cycle of the pavement. Concrete pavement can be maintained over time utilizing a series of methods known as concrete pavement restoration which include diamond grinding, dowel bar retrofits, joint and crack sealing, cross-stitching, etc. Diamond grinding is also useful in reducing noise and restoring skid resistance in older concrete pavement.[9][10]
The first street in the United States to be paved with concrete was Court Avenue in Bellefontaine, Ohio in 1893.[11][12] The first mile of concrete pavement in the United States was on Woodward Avenue in Detroit, Michigan in 1909.[13] Following these pioneering uses, the Lincoln Highway Association, established in October 1913 to oversee the creation of one of the United States' earliest east-west transcontinental highways for the then-new automobile, began to establish "seedling miles" of specifically concrete-paved roadbed in various places in the American Midwest, starting in 1914 west of Malta, Illinois, while using concrete with the specified concrete "ideal section" for the Lincoln Highway in Lake County, Indiana during 1922 and 1923.[14]An example of composite pavement: hot-mix asphalt overlaid onto Portland cement concrete pavement
Composite pavements combine a Portland cement concrete sublayer with an asphalt. They are usually used to rehabilitate existing roadways rather than in new construction.
Asphalt overlays are sometimes laid over distressed concrete to restore a smooth wearing surface.[15] A disadvantage of this method is that movement in the joints between the underlying concrete slabs, whether from thermal expansion and contraction, or from deflection of the concrete slabs from truck axle loads, usually causes reflective cracks in the asphalt. To decrease reflective cracking, concrete pavement is broken apart through a break and seat, crack and seat, or rubblization process. Geosynthetics can be used for reflective crack control.[16] With break and seat and crack and seat processes, a heavy weight is dropped on the concrete to induce cracking, then a heavy roller is used to seat the resultant pieces into the subbase. The main difference between the two processes is the equipment used to break the concrete pavement and the size of the resulting pieces. The theory is frequent small cracks will spread thermal stress over a wider area than infrequent large joints, reducing the stress on the overlying asphalt pavement. Rubblization is a more complete fracturing of the old, worn-out concrete, effectively converting the old pavement into an aggregate base for a new asphalt road.[17]
Whitetopping uses Portland cement concrete to resurface a distressed asphalt road.An asphalt milling machine in Boise, Idaho.
Distressed road materials can be reused when rehabilitating a roadway. The existing pavement is ground or broken up into small pieces, through a process called milling. It can then be transported to an asphalt or concrete plant and incorporated into new pavement, or recycled in place to form the base or subbase for new pavement. Some methods used include:Main article: Chipseal
Bituminous surface treatment (BST) or chipseal is used mainly on low-traffic roads, but also as a sealing coat to rejuvenate an asphalt concrete pavement. It generally consists of aggregate spread over a sprayed-on asphalt emulsion or cut-back asphalt cement. The aggregate is then embedded into the asphalt by rolling it, typically with a rubber-tired roller. This type of surface is described by a wide variety of regional terms including "chip seal", "tar and chip", "oil and stone", "seal coat", "sprayed seal"[21] or "surface dressing"[22] or as simply "bitumen."
BST is used on hundreds of miles of the Alaska Highway and other similar roadways in Alaska, the Yukon Territory, and northern British Columbia. The ease of application of BST is one reason for its popularity, but another is its flexibility, which is important when roadways are laid down over unstable terrain that thaws and softens in the spring.
Other types of BSTs include micropaving, slurry seals and Novachip. These are laid down using specialized and proprietary equipment. They are most often used in urban areas where the roughness and loose stone associated with chip seals is considered undesirable.
A thin membrane surface (TMS) is an oil-treated aggregate which is laid down upon a gravel road bed, producing a dust-free road.[23] A TMS road reduces mud problems and provides stone-free roads for local residents where loaded truck traffic is negligible. The TMS layer adds no significant structural strength, and so is used on secondary highways with low traffic volume and minimal weight loading. Construction involves minimal subgrade preparation, following by covering with a 50-to-100-millimetre (2.0–3.9 in) cold mix asphalt aggregate.[7] The Operation Division of the Ministry of Highways and Infrastructure in Saskatchewan has the responsibility of maintaining 6,102 kilometres (3,792 mi) of thin membrane surface (TMS) highways.[24]
Otta seal is a low-cost road surface using a 16–30-millimetre (0.63–1.18 in) thick mixture of bitumen and crushed rock.[25]Main article: Gravel road
Gravel is known to have been used extensively in the construction of roads by soldiers of the Roman Empire (see Roman road) but in 1998 a limestone-surfaced road, thought to date back to the Bronze Age, was found at Yarnton in Oxfordshire, Britain.[26] Applying gravel, or "metalling," has had two distinct usages in road surfacing. The term road metal refers to the broken stone or cinders used in the construction or repair of roads or railways,[27] and is derived from the Latin metallum, which means both "mine" and "quarry".[28] The term originally referred to the process of creating a gravel roadway. The route of the roadway would first be dug down several feet and, depending on local conditions, French drains may or may not have been added. Next, large stones were placed and compacted, followed by successive layers of smaller stones, until the road surface was composed of small stones compacted into a hard, durable surface. "Road metal" later became the name of stone chippings mixed with tar to form the road surfacing material tarmac. A road of such material is called a "metalled road" in Britain, a "paved road" in Canada and the US, or a "sealed road" in parts of Canada, Australia and New Zealand.[29]
A granular surface can be used with a traffic volume where the annual average daily traffic is 1,200 vehicles per day or less.[citation needed] There is some structural strength if the road surface combines a sub base and base and is topped with a double graded seal aggregate with emulsion.[7][30] Besides the 4,929 kilometres (3,063 mi) of granular pavements maintained in Saskatchewan, around 40% of New Zealand roads are unbound granular pavement structures.[24][31]
The decision whether to pave a gravel road or not often hinges on traffic volume. It has been found that maintenance costs for gravel roads often exceed the maintenance costs for paved or surface-treated roads when traffic volumes exceed 200 vehicles per day.[32]
Some communities are finding it makes sense to convert their low-volume paved roads to aggregate surfaces.[33]
Pavers (or paviours), generally in the form of pre-cast concrete blocks, are often used for aesthetic purposes, or sometimes at port facilities that see long-duration pavement loading. Pavers are rarely used in areas that see high-speed vehicle traffic.
Brick, cobblestone, sett, wood plank, and wood block pavements such as Nicolson pavement, were once common in urban areas throughout the world, but fell out of fashion in most countries, due to the high cost of labor required to lay and maintain them, and are typically only kept for historical or aesthetic reasons.[citation needed] In some countries, however, they are still common in local streets. In the Netherlands, brick paving has made something of a comeback since the adoption of a major nationwide traffic safety program in 1997. From 1998 through 2007, more than 41,000 km of city streets were converted to local access roads with a speed limit of 30 km/h, for the purpose of traffic calming.[34] One popular measure is to use brick paving - the noise and vibration slows motorists down. At the same time, it is not uncommon for cycle paths alongside a road to have a smoother surface than the road itself.[35][36]
Likewise, macadam and tarmac pavements can still sometimes[when?] be found buried underneath asphalt concrete or Portland cement concrete pavements, but are rarely[clarification needed] constructed today[when?].
There are also other methods and materials to create pavements that have appearance of brick pavements. The first method to create brick texture is to heat an asphalt pavement and use metal wires to imprint a brick pattern using a compactor to create stamped asphalt. A similar method is to use rubber imprinting tools to press over a thin layer of cement to create decorative concrete. Another method is to use a brick pattern stencil and apply a surfacing material over the stencil. Materials that can be applied to give the color of the brick and skid resistance can be in many forms. An example is to use colored polymer-modified concrete slurry which can be applied by screeding or spraying.[37] Another material is aggregate-reinforced thermoplastic which can be heat applied to the top layer of the brick-pattern surface.[38] Other coating materials over stamped asphalt are paints and two-part epoxy coating.[39]
Roadway surfacing choices are known to affect the intensity and spectrum of sound emanating from the tire/surface interaction.[40] Initial applications of noise studies occurred in the early 1970s. Noise phenomena are highly influenced by vehicle speed.
Roadway surface types contribute differential noise effects of up to 4 dB, with chip seal type and grooved roads being the loudest, and concrete surfaces without spacers being the quietest. Asphaltic surfaces perform intermediately relative to concrete and chip seal. Rubberized asphalt has been shown to give a marginal 3–5 dB reduction in tire-pavement noise emissions, and a marginally discernible 1–3 dB reduction in total road noise emissions when compared to conventional asphalt applications.See also: Pothole, Crocodile cracking, Rut (roads), and Bleeding (roads) Deteriorating asphalt
As pavement systems primarily fail due to fatigue (in a manner similar to metals), the damage done to pavement increases with the fourth power of the axle load of the vehicles traveling on it. According to the AASHO Road Test, heavily loaded trucks can do more than 10,000 times the damage done by a normal passenger car. Tax rates for trucks are higher than those for cars in most countries for this reason, though they are not levied in proportion to the damage done.[41] Passenger cars are considered to have little practical effect on a pavement's service life, from a materials fatigue perspective.
Other failure modes include aging and surface abrasion. As years go by, the binder in a bituminous wearing course gets stiffer and less flexible. When it gets "old" enough, the surface will start losing aggregates, and macrotexture depth increases dramatically. If no maintenance action is done quickly on the wearing course, potholes will form. The freeze-thaw cycle in cold climates will dramatically accelerate pavement deterioration, once water can penetrate the surface.
If the road is still structurally sound, a bituminous surface treatment, such as a chipseal or surface dressing can prolong the life of the road at low cost. In areas with cold climate, studded tires may be allowed on passenger cars. In Sweden and Finland, studded passenger car tires account for a very large share of pavement rutting.
The physical properties of a stretch of pavement can be tested using a falling weight deflectometer.
Several design methods have been developed to determine the thickness and composition of road surfaces required to carry predicted traffic loads for a given period of time. Pavement design methods are continuously evolving. Among these are the Shell Pavement design method, and the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) 1993 "Guide for Design of Pavement Structures". A new mechanistic-empirical design guide has been under development by NCHRP (Called Superpave Technology) since 1998. A new design guide called Mechanistic Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG) was developed and is about to be adopted by AASHTO.
Further research by University College London into pavements has led to the development of an indoor, 80-sq-metre artificial pavement at a research centre called Pedestrian Accessibility and Movement Environment Laboratory (PAMELA). It is used to simulate everyday scenarios, from different pavement users to varying pavement conditions.[42] There also exists a research facility near Auburn University, the NCAT Pavement Test Track, that is used to test experimental asphalt pavements for durability.
In addition to repair costs, the condition of a road surface has economic effects for road users. Rolling resistance increases on rough pavement, as does wear and tear of vehicle components. It has been estimated that poor road surfaces cost the average US driver $324 per year in vehicle repairs, or a total of $67 billion. Also, it has been estimated that small improvements in road surface conditions can decrease fuel consumption between 1.8 and 4.7%.[43]Main article: Road surface marking
Road surface markings are used on paved roadways to provide guidance and information to drivers and pedestrians. It can be in the form of mechanical markers such as cat's eyes, botts' dots and rumble strips, or non-mechanical markers such as paints, thermoplastic, plastic and epoxy.
BoulevardStandard design on a wide median.[1] Stylized depiction of the design in Grand Haven, Michigan, at US 31 and Robbins Road (north to the right), showing the additional area necessary to make a turn on a narrow median.[1] 43°2′40.18″N 86°13′12.57″W / 43.0444944°N 86.2201583°W / 43.0444944; -86.2201583 (US 31 at Robbins Road, Grand Haven, Michigan)
A Michigan left is an at-grade intersection design which replaces each left turn with a U-turn and a right turn. The design was given the name due to its frequent use along roads and highways in the U.S. state of Michigan since the late 1960s.[2] In other contexts, the intersection is called a median U-turn crossover or median U-turn.[1][3] The design is also sometimes referred to as a boulevard left,[4] a boulevard turnaround,[5] a Michigan loon[6] or a "ThrU Turn" intersection.[7][8]Two versions of signs posted along an intersecting road or street at an intersection. Top: most commonly used; Bottom: lesser-used variant.
The design occurs at intersections where at least one road is a divided highway or boulevard, and left turns onto—and usually from—the divided highway are prohibited. In almost every case, the divided highway is multi-laned in both directions. When on the secondary road, drivers are directed to turn right. Within 1⁄4 mile (400 m), they queue into a designated U-turn (or cross-over) lane in the median.
When traffic clears they complete the U-turn and go back through the intersection. Additionally, the U-turn lane is designed for one-way traffic. Similarly, traffic on the divided highway cannot turn left at an intersection with a cross street. Instead, drivers are instructed to "overshoot" the intersection, go through the U-turn lane, come back to the intersection from the opposite direction, and turn right.
When vehicles enter the cross-over area, unless markings on the ground indicate two turning lanes in the cross-over, drivers form one lane. A cross-over with two lanes is designed at high-volume cross-overs, or when the right lane turns onto an intersecting street. In this case, the right lane is reserved for vehicles completing the design. Most crossovers must be made large enough for semi-trailer trucks to complete the crossover. This large cross-over area often leads to two vehicles incorrectly lining up at a single cross-over.
The maneuver forces the driver to quickly merge into the extreme left lane to complete the turn, usually from a complete stop. The turning vehicle is potentially a hazard and may cause a disruption in the flow of traffic in the left lane.[citation needed]
When the median of a road is too narrow to allow for a standard Michigan left maneuver, a variation can be used which widens the pavement in the opposite direction of travel. This widened pavement is known as a "bulb out"[7] or a "loon" (from the pavement's aerial resemblance to the aquatic bird).[6] Such a design is sometimes referred to as a Michigan loon; in Utah, as a ThrU Turn, which is a portmanteau combining the terms "Through" (the intersection, followed by a) "U Turn".[7]
In 2013, Michigan lefts were installed in Alabama for the first time, in several locations along heavily traveled U.S. Route 280 in metro Birmingham.[9]
Tucson, Arizona, began introducing Michigan lefts in 2013, at Ina/Oracle and Grant/Oracle. Their reception has been mixed.[10]
The design is relatively common in New Orleans, Louisiana, and its suburb Metairie, where city boulevards may be split by streetcar tracks,[11] and suburban thoroughfares are often split by drainage canals.[12] Some intersections using this design are signed similarly to those in Michigan, but with more descriptive text,[13] however in some cases the only signage is "No Left Turn" and drivers are left to figure it out for themselves.[14]
Since the redevelopment of the intersection between University Boulevard (MD 193) and Colesville Road (US 29) in Silver Spring, Maryland, a Michigan left has been used to increase efficiency of traffic through an otherwise underdeveloped and congested intersection. Due to its proximity to the Capital Beltway, heavy traffic is handled more safely and efficiently.[citation needed]A typical Michigan left layout: Telegraph Road (US 24) at Warren Road near Detroit, showing Michigan lefts 42°20′28″N 83°16′23″W / 42.341°N 83.273°W / 42.341; -83.273 (US 24 (Telegraph Road) at Warren Road, Dearborn, Michigan)
The Michigan Department of Transportation first used the modern design at the intersection of 8 Mile Road (M-102) and Livernois Avenue[15] (42°26′46″N 83°08′28″W / 42.4461°N 83.141°W / 42.4461; -83.141 (M-102 (8 Mile Road) at Livernois Avenue))[16] in Detroit in the early 1960s. The increase in traffic flow and reduction in accidents was so dramatic (a 30–60% decrease[17]) that over 700 similar intersections have been deployed throughout the state since then.[18]
North Carolina has been implementing Michigan lefts along US 17 in the southeastern part of the state, outside Wilmington.[18] In 2015, a Michigan left was constructed at the intersection of Poplar Tent Road and Derita Road in the Charlotte suburb of Concord.[citation needed]
Columbus, Ohio introduced a Michigan left at the intersection of SR 161 and Strawberry Farms Boulevard in 2012. Reception has been mixed with several accidents occurring per year.[citation needed]
At least two Michigan lefts have existed in Texas. One was located at the intersection of Fondren Road and Bellaire Boulevard in Houston from the 1980s through 2007, when it was replaced with conventional left-turn lanes. Another was built in mid-2010 in Plano at the intersection of Preston Road and Legacy Drive.[19] In January 2014, the city announced plans to revert the turn to a traditional intersection as a result of drivers' confusion.[citation needed] A section of State Highway 71 east of Austin-Bergstrom International Airport at FM 973 in Austin, Texas did have a signalized Michigan U-turn which was constructed in 2014—this was a temporary fix until the SH71 tollway over SH130 (including the re-routing of FM973) was completed in early 2016.[citation needed] There are multiple Michigan left turns currently being used along US 281 north of Loop 1604 in San Antonio. These were adopted as a short-term solution for traffic issues as development expanded north, but will likely be phased out as US 281 is elevated.[citation needed]
The city of Draper, Utah, a suburb of Salt Lake City, announced in 2011 that it would be building Utah's first "ThrU Turn" at the intersection of 12300 South and State Street, just off Interstate 15 through Salt Lake County. Construction began in summer 2011 and was completed in fall 2011.[7][20][21] Other similar intersections were implemented in South Jordan[22] and Layton.[23]
In Australia, where traffic drives on the left, the Victorian state government introduced the "P-turn", similar to the Michigan left, at one intersection in 2009. This requires right-turning vehicles to turn left then make a U-turn. As of May 2015, the intersection in the southeastern Melbourne suburb of Frankston remains the only one of its kind in the state, and local residents have called for its removal.[24]
A similar style P-turn is used in the junction of the A4 Great West Road and A3002 Boston Manor Road in Brentford, England.
The design has been proposed in Toronto, Ontario, to relieve motorists who wish to make a left-turn on roadways which will contain a proposed streetcar line by the Transit City project.
In Ottawa, Ontario, a Michigan left exists to proceed from Riverside Drive, northbound, to Bank Street northbound.
Another Michigan left exists in Windsor, Ontario, on Huron Church Road, just north of the E.C. Row Expressway, where a narrow-median variant put in place years ago is now seldom used due to the realignment of the expressway in conjunction with the construction of the Herb Gray Parkway.
In Mexico, Guadalajara has a grade-separated variation of this setup in the intersection of Mariano Otero Avenue and Manuel Gómez Morín Beltway (20°37′50″N 103°26′06″W / 20.630666°N 103.434981°W / 20.630666; -103.434981).[25] Traffic flowing through Mariano Otero is routed through an overpass above the beltway, with two access roads allowing right turn on all four possible directions; the U-turns, meanwhile, are built underneath the beltway and allow the left turn from Mariano Otero avenue to the beltway. U-turn intersections are very common throughout Mexico, particularly in Mexico City.
Brazil is also known to utilize this setup especially in São Paulo.
This is the design at some busy junctions in Hong Kong. In Hong Kong Island examples include the junction of Fleming Road and Harbour Road in Wan Chai North, and the junction of Hennessey Road and Canal Road Flyover in Wong Nai Chung. In Kowloon this design exists between Cheong Wan Road and Hong Chong Road/Salisbury Road.
The capital city of Angola, Luanda, makes widespread use of a simplified variant of this type of intersection on its two- and three-lane, median-separated throughways instead of using traffic lights. Larger junctions use this intersection type instead of much more costly grade-separated interchanges.
This type of intersection configuration, as with any engineered solution to a traffic problem, carries with it certain advantages and disadvantages and has been subject to several studies.
Studies[by whom?][when?] have shown a major reduction in left-turn collisions and a minor reduction in merging and diverging collisions, due to the shifting of left turns outside the main intersection[clarification needed].[1] In addition, it reduces the number of different traffic light phases, significantly increasing traffic flow. Because separate phases are no longer needed for left turns, this increases green time for through traffic. The effect on turning traffic is mixed.[1] Consequently, the timing of traffic signals along a highway featuring the design is made easier by the elimination of left-turn phases both on that highway and along intersecting roadways contributing to the reduction of travel times and the increased capacity of those roadways.[1]
It has been shown to enhance safety to pedestrians crossing either street at an intersection featuring the design since they only encounter through traffic and vehicles making right turns. The left-turning movement, having been eliminated, removes one source of potential vehicle-pedestrian conflict.[1] One minor disadvantage of the Michigan left is the extra distance required for the motorist to drive. Sometimes the distance to the turnaround is as far away as 1⁄4 mile (400 m) past the intersection. This design leads to each motorist driving an additional 1⁄2 mile (800 m) to make a left turn. It also results in left-turning vehicles having to stop up to three times in the execution of the turn.


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Forex Affiliate Program by Libertex
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Bills DT Branch arrested on DWI charges
CHEEKTOWAGA, N.Y. (AP) — Buffalo Bills defensive tackle Alan Branch has been arrested for drunken driving in western New York.
State police say Branch was arrested at about 2 a.m. Saturday in the town of Cheektowaga after officers noticed Branch vomiting out the driver's side door of his vehicle.
Police say Branch failed a field sobriety test and had a blood-alcohol content of .14 percent. The legal limit is .08 percent. He was charged with driving while intoxicated and released. He's due back in court on Aug. 29. It wasn't clear if he had a lawyer.
Branch did not play in Saturday's preseason game against the Buccaneers.
In June, Bills defensive lineman Marcell Dareus was charged with drag racing and reckless endangerment after police say the 24-year-old crashed his Jaguar into a tree.
AP NFL website: www.pro32.ap.org and www.twitter.com/AP_NFL


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Gibson Les Paul Studio
In the long and storied history of the Les Paul guitar line, the Gibson Les Paul Studio model stands out as an underrated classic. Introduced in 1983, this version of the legendary Paul has remained in production ever since. Originally intended for the studio player who didn't necessarily need the added visual flair of the costly neck inlays, body and neck binding, and exotic finishes found on the more expensive Custom and Deluxe models, the focus instead was on delivering that classic Les Paul tone with a minimum of frills - a mahogany body for deep, rich tone, capped with a solid maple top for added snap and brightness, and equipped with the tried-and-true Tune-o-Matic bridge with stopbar tailpiece to enhance the guitar's legendary sustain.
The intervening years have seen some variations on this theme, including a few models with body and neck binding, but the modern lineup of Gibson Les Paul Studio axes continues to be an excellent value for the discriminating guitarist, delivering the iconic Les Paul feel and tone, but at considerably lower cost than the more elegantly appointed guitars in the line, generally coming in as the lowest-priced, genuine American-made Les Pauls available. A recent innovation is the chambering of the mahogany body, both to enhance the sustain and acoustic resonance of the guitar, while also providing some weight relief. The top of the body is either solid carved maple, or carved mahogany on models like the Faded Cherry. The solid mahogany set-neck (glued in place, rather than bolted, for added sustain) is quarter-sawn for maximum strength and tonal resonance, and carved to the slim '60's profile on most versions for speed and comfort. While models like the Studio 60's Tribute are loaded with single-coil P-90 pickups, most are humbucker-equipped, and many now feature an additional array of tones with coil-tapping available for both pickups, enabling rich, shimmering single-coil tones with low-noise operation when used separately, or hum-canceling when combined. This is in addition to the groundbreaking humbucker tones that made the Les Paul legendary in the first place!
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– Researchers from Mount Sinai School of Medicine have identified a previously unknown mechanism by which cells direct gene expression, the process by which information from a gene is used to direct the physical and behavioral development of individuals. The research, which may help scientists gain insight into how muscle and heart diseases develop, is published in the July 8th issue of Nature.
Using a combined approach of structural and molecular biology, a team of researchers led by Ming-Ming Zhou, PhD, Professor and Chair, Structural and Chemical Biology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, determined that the molecular interactions between proteins are very different than previously thought, and that they play an essential role in the initiation of gene transcription of muscle and the heart. Gene transcription is the first step to gene expression, a cellular process that occurs in response to physiological and environmental stimuli, and is dictated by chemical modifications of the DNA and histones, which are the proteins responsible for packaging the DNA.
Dr. Zhou's team found a new fundamental mechanism in gene transcription through a protein called DPF3b. They learned that DPF3b recognizes gene-activating chemical marks in these histones in a very different way. DPF3b plays a critical role in the copying of genes—a crucial part of the transcription process—for muscle growth and heart development.
"This discovery opens new doors in genome biology research, and has broad implications in the field of epigenetics of human biology of health and disease," said Martin Walsh, PhD, Associate Professor, Pediatrics, and Structural and Chemical Biology at Mount Sinai who is also a co-author of the study. "Knowing that there is an additional way our genome is regulated will allow us to understand the molecular basis of certain human disorders that result from dysregulation of gene expression."
Dr. Zhou said that bromodomains, which are housed in proteins, read off cell signals that turn on genes that determine genetic makeup. "This study uncovers that nature has an alternative to bromodomains for gene expression to initiate, providing a new mechanism to help us understand how our muscles and heart grow properly, and what might cause them to grow abnormally," Dr. Zhou said.
About The Mount Sinai Medical Center
The Mount Sinai Medical Center encompasses both The Mount Sinai Hospital and Mount Sinai School of Medicine. Established in 1968, Mount Sinai School of Medicine is one of few medical schools embedded in a hospital in the United States. It has more than 3,400 faculty in 32 departments and 15 institutes, and ranks among the top 20 medical schools both in National Institute of Health funding and by U.S. News & World Report. The school received the 2009 Spencer Foreman Award for Outstanding Community Service from the Association of American Medical Colleges.
The Mount Sinai Hospital, founded in 1852, is a 1,171-bed tertiary- and quaternary-care teaching facility and one of the nation's oldest, largest and most-respected voluntary hospitals. In 2009, U.S. News & World Report ranked The Mount Sinai Hospital among the nation's top 20 hospitals based on reputation, patient safety, and other patient-care factors. Nearly 60,000 people were treated at Mount Sinai as inpatients last year, and approximately 530,000 outpatient visits took place.


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AM-045D Ball Pool
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|Minimum Order Quantity:
|1 set
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- Product Name:AM-045D Ball Pool
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1. Metal parts:We adopt the galvanized steel pipe which meet the international standards.After a scientific and technological processing of pickling,phosphating,we use the technology of electrostatic spraying,high-temperature curium crafted to finish the painting.
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A man arrested for burglary in a Central Texas town told police he had been held captive for at least four years by his adoptive parents in a garage apartment locked on the outside, authorities said.
DRIPPING SPRINGS, Texas (AP) ? A man arrested for burglary in a Central Texas town told police he had been held captive for at least four years by his adoptive parents in a garage apartment locked on the outside, authorities said.
Jenifer Elise Thyssen, 40, and Dane Andrew Thyssen, 39, were being held Friday at the Hays County jail. They were arrested Wednesday on kidnapping charges.
Hays County sheriff's deputies say the couple told them they confined 22-year-old Koystya Thyssen in an apartment at their home in Dripping Springs "for the safety" of their other children, according to the arrest affidavit.
Court documents don't indicate how many children were in the couple's care.
No attorneys were listed for Jenifer and Dane Thyssen at the jail, and no home phone number was listed for the family. Dripping Springs, a town of around 1,900 residents, is about 20 miles west of Austin.
Authorities began to investigate the case after Koystya Thyssen was arrested for burglarizing a neighbor's home after using a screwdriver to escape the apartment.
Sheriff's deputies said the apartment had a toilet, sink and microwave, and that Koystya Thyssen told them his adoptive parents gave him a box of dry and frozen foods once a week. He said he was allowed to leave once a week to see a counselor, but was otherwise confined to the apartment.
"Koystya stated he believes it's wrong how he is treated but doesn't say anything," the affidavit says. "Koystya advised he had no friends nor any family in the United States."
The affidavit does not indicate where he is from originally.
He was being held at the county jail Friday on a burglary of a habitation charge. His bond was set at $10,000. No attorney was listed for him.
Jenifer and Dane Thyssen each were being held on $350,000 bond.


text: I use this bag for my ... 5 I use this bag for my Digital Camera and all the gear I need to go along with it........extra batteries, memory chips and wires etc. I can grab it as I go out the door.......and have everything I need right at hand to take whatever great picture opportunities I see that come along. JOAN M Sandwich, MA 2011-01-28


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Lincoln Center Theater-Vivian Beaumont
150 West 65th Street
Between Broadway and Amsterdam
New York NY 10023
View on map
Discount Tickets for Groups
Audiences are falling in love with Tony Award® nominee Holland Taylor (Two and a Half Men) in the Broadway performance of the year! Ann is a no-holds-barred portrait of Ann Richards, the legendary governor of Texas. This inspiring and hilarious new play brings us face to face with a complex, colorful and captivating character bigger than the state from which she hailed. Written and performed by Emmy® Award winner Taylor, Ann takes a revealing look at the impassioned woman who enriched the lives of her followers, friends and family. Don't miss this unforgettable portrayal that The New York Times has called "frank, funny and warm. As Ann Richards, Holland Taylor is a fiery dynamo."
Holland Taylor
Author: Holland TaylorDirector: Benjamin Endsley KleinProducer: Ann on Broadway LLCPress Agent: The Hartman Group
Ann, a solo show written by and starring Holland Taylor, is part of a resurgence of interest in Ann W. Richards, the former governor of Texas.
2 hours, including one intermission
See this week's prices
May be inappropriate for 10 and under.Children under the age of 5 are not permitted in the theatre.
Currently not open. Beginning TBA:Monday: 10am - 6pmTuesday - Saturday: 10am - 8pmSunday: Noon - 6pm
Telecharge Mail OrderP. O. Box 998 Times Square Station New York, NY 10108-0998


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Election Day is just weeks away—this could be your last chance to join President Obama for dinner during this campaign.
If I were you, I wouldn't wait—we'll even fly you out for free.
Of course, saying you've had dinner with the President makes a great story. But it's also a really good time—can't you just picture yourself there?
You can learn a lot: His dad taught him to love jazz, his girls get crazy-embarrassed when he dances or sings in public, his dream job is starting point guard for the Chicago Bulls—and he really looks forward to sharing these meals with supporters like you.
Donate whatever you can, and you'll be automatically entered to win a seat at this election's next—and final—Dinner with Barack:
If you win, I expect a full report!
No purchase, payment, or contribution necessary to enter or win. Contributing will not improve chances of winning. Void where prohibited. Entries must be received by September 25, 2012. You may enter by contributing to Obama for America here, by signing up for Quick Donate here, or click here to enter without contributing or signing up for Quick Donate. Three winners will each receive the following prize package: round-trip tickets for winner from within the fifty U.S. States, DC, or Puerto Rico to a destination to be determined by the Sponsor; hotel accommodations; and dinner with President Obama on a date to be determined by the Sponsor (approximate retail value of all prizes $4,800). Odds of winning depend on number of entries received. Promotion open only to U.S. citizens, or lawful permanent U.S. residents who are legal residents of 50 United States, District of Columbia and Puerto Rico and 18 or older (or age of majority under applicable law). Promotion subject to Official Rules and additional restrictions on eligibility. Sponsor: Obama for America, 130 E. Randolph St., Chicago, IL 60601.


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As farfetched as it may sound, the possibility of turning humidity from the air into sparkling water is a reality. EcoloBlue Life & Energy, the global leader in home and office Atmospheric Water Generators, was recently awarded a United States patent for their invention of The EcoloBlue 30s. The EcoloBlue 30s is a sleek, state-of-the-art atmospheric water generator that allows sparkling water to be generated from humidity in the air and customized to consumers' tastes.
Air is the only water source required for the EcoloBlue 30s. It eliminates reliance on municipal water systems, well water or any other standard water source. Once it pulls humidity out of the air, it filters and purifies the water. The EcoloBlue 30s delivers a continuous supply of delicious, 99.9% pure water quietly, energy efficiently and without plastic bottles. Now how cool is that? Talk about eco-friendly.
The EcoloBlue 30s appeals to a wide range of demographics due to its simplicity of design, easy installation and operation. This appliance can connect directly to any water source to provide an endless supply of water. Some of the benefits of the EcoloBlue 30s include:
- Hot, cold and sparkling water creation
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- Offers 99.9% peace of mind regarding water safety and sustainability
Design features of the EcoloBlue 30s water generator offers wood, stone and marble styles to match your décor. This system comes complete with one CO2 Canister. Additional canisters are available. One canister will provide up to 60L/16gallons of pure sparkling water. To make your own mineralized sparkling water, simply add a mineral filter to this atmospheric water generator. This system is easy to set up and maintain.
To learn more about the EcoloBlue 30s water generator by EcoloBlue Life & Energy, visit their website EcoloBlue.com.


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Welcome Back
Earlier this week I set The Virtual Crafting Challenge as 'Make a Wish come true'. For my contribution to the challenge I'm going to take a leaf of faith, here's what I'm going to do.
Adventures with Acrylic Paint
A couple of years ago I bought a set of Golden Fluid Acrylic paints and a bunch of mediums and took a class with Julie Pritchard. Both the materials and the class blew my mind, they were so good. Trouble is, after the end of the class, my artistic angst kicked in and although I've done a few things with them, I was stuck in the 'I want to use them but they cost a lot to replace, 'I'll SAVE them for a special project'. DOOMED! Once I'd said that, no project was special enough. There my beautiful paint sat, revered in their Really Useful box and doomed to dry out in the bottles. Loved and very much wanted but too precious to use 😦
I needed a Plan B! I love my Ranger Acrylic Dabbers but they are a swine for clogging up on me, but the Golden's are expensive so I needed to try something else. I tried Daler Rowney System 3 as it was more fluid, but PHEW did it smell of fumes {splutter, cough}! So although the consistancy was great, I didn't like using it.
Last year for my birthday, thanks to my wonderful MIL and Ebay bargains, I was able to get trial sets of Daler Rowney Cryla and also Winsor and Newton's new acrylics Galeria. I loved the Cryla but for what I want to do with them, the heavy body consistency was too thick.
The Winsor and Newton Galeria on the other hand are great, they flow beautifully and are affordable.
So my leap of faith was to increase my palette of Galeria colours, to include the colours I used most with my Ranger inks. This way I can try out my inking techniques with the paints and have a water-resistant finish, which is more suitable for decorating book covers. I also added the Daler Rowney Shimmering colours to the stash box. Shimmering colours are Daler Rowney interference colours, I'd have bought these AGES ago, if I'd realised they were more fluid than the Cryla.
To stop myself getting so precious about the paints, I have 'gathered' the paint together in one box, this way I'll be more tempted to try different kinds of paint on lots of surfaces to discover the results. I'm going to group the mediums together in another box too, so instead of just using my favorites I try them all.
In the end I had to put the Cryla in a separate box, firstly their consistency is quite different to the Galleria and secondly, I'm feeble and couldn't lift the box with them ALL in together! Putting too many tubes on top of each other also risked the whole lot crushing itself too.
One of the 'joys' of dyslexia is that I'm always loosing things, or can't remember where I put things, my plan is that by putting stash together in related boxes like this, I will be less likely to lose things. It's much harder to lose a big box of something than it is to forget where you put a tube of paint 🙂
LOVE Really Useful boxes, they are just the right sizes and they stack too! The 3 litre one, made for DVDs, is the perfect height for 75 ml Cryla tubes 🙂 The 9 litre Really Useful box was just the right height for the mediums too 🙂 They are really sturdy and stack too.
Remember how much fun it was in primary school, when there was a box of 'stuff' on the table and you could create with anything in the box?
That is what I'm going for, all the options in one place together, mix 'em up and see what happens.
So this month I'll be turning mad professor and having a jolly good play with the paints and mediums and when I discover anything exciting along the way, you'll be the first to know. I may be some time 😉 🙂 🙂 🙂
If I've tempted you with these pictures and you want to know more about how I got on with the paints. Here are links to my reviews about the paint, that I published when I first got them.
How about you, will you be joining in with The Virtual Crafting Challenge this month? I'd love to hear about your adventures and what you'll be doing with this month's theme.
Best wishes and thanks for reading, see you soon
Billie 🙂


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Liberty News
Elizabeth Taylor visited Thomas Road in 1970s
|The Rev. Jerry Falwell, Sr. and his wife, Macel, pose for a picture with John Warner and Elizabeth Taylor Warner at Thomas Road Baptist Church in the 1970s.
|This screen shot from a television video shows John Warner and Elizabeth Taylor Warner being introduced in the October 22, 1978, morning service at Thomas Road Baptist Church.
Some of the world's most famous celebrities have made stops at Liberty University and Thomas Road Baptist Church over the years, including the legendary actress Elizabeth Taylor, who died March 23 at the age of 79.
Taylor attended a service with her then-husband John Warner at Thomas Road Baptist Church on October 22, 1978, when Warner was campaigning for his first term in the U.S. Senate.
Dr. Elmer Towns, Liberty's co-founder and the current dean of Liberty University School of Religion and Liberty Baptist Theological Seminary and Graduate School, remembers that day, although he said he did not get the chance to meet her.
"She and John Warner sat on the first row on the left-hand side as you face the pulpit. I don't think they came early for the service, because I was in the back room and I wanted to meet Elizabeth Taylor," he said. " I had seen the movie National Velvet … I thought she was the most beautiful girl I had ever seen – in National Velvet. But John Warner and Elizabeth Taylor did not come to the back room, they went straight to the church auditorium, and after the service was over they were interviewed by the media at the right-hand door going out of the auditorium."
According to The News & Advance, Warner's grandparents were from nearby Amherst County, and he and Taylor made more campaign visits to Central Virginia during the summer and that fall.
- To read a Washington Post article about Taylor's visit to TRBC in 1978, click here.


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Our handmade ceramic monogram tray is the perfect luxury gift for anyone who loves pattern and color even half as much as we do. This elegant tray is a great way to celebrate all occasions, weddings, anniversaries, or to even spoil yourself with. The bright bold Hampton links pattern is an instant classic. We love the way the crisp shapes almost pop off the tray; its a fun way to freshen up any space. We hope that this true blue and tangerine combo gets you as excited about color as it does for us! Each monogram tray is handmade in our Boston studio, from the shaping, drawing and painting, we're there every step of the way. All pieces are accented with gold trim, making it the perfect luxury item for anyone who loves a touch of sparkle. Let us know your desired initials and we're happy to start making!
Handmade to order in our Boston Studio
Go ahead, pop it in the gentle cycle of your dishwasher. But remember no microwave-y!
Don't see the combination you've dreamed of? Our kaleidoscope of color chips would amaze you! We can help you create exactly what you want. Only available for ceramics (not bedding, fabric or rugs).
To choose your own colors - see our current palette and add a note at checkout.
We also offer monograms! See the collection and email email@example.com with any questions or special requests.
Please be aware our products are made to order. The process from point of sale to shipment is estimated at 3 - 4 weeks. This may seem like years in e-commerce world, but we're perfectionists and promise it will be worth the wait. This also means unless the piece is broken when you receive it, you own it! No returns.
Your box will arrive at your doorstep with love and care from UPS. Tracking information will be emailed to you at time of shipment. Please contact us for international shipping options.


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Search by item:
Looking for the best deal on shampoo? Type Shampoo into the CouponKarma search field and it will give you a detailed list of all the shampoo sales happening that week along with the available coupons.
Search by Product Name:
You can also use the Coupon Karma Sales Finder to search for a specific brand or product. For example, maybe you have a Pantene coupon that's expiring soon and you want to know where the best place to use it is, type in Pantene into the search field to display a list of store sales for that item!
Search by Coupon:
Did you just score a hot new printable coupon and want to know where the best place to use it? Put the coupon brand name in the search field to display all the sales where you can use that coupon!


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Oakham, Massachusetts
Revision as of 16:32, 22 July 2010 by Erinfaythebrave (talk | contribs) (Created page with '{| cellpadding=\"1\" style=\"float: left; border: 1px solid #8888aa; background: #f9f9f9; width: 900px; padding: 5px; font-size: 85%; margin: 0 15px 0 15px;\" | style=\"background: #eâ¦')
|This article is a stub. Help us to expand it by contributing your knowledge. For county and town page guidelines, visit U.S. County Page Content Suggestions.
Oakham is a town in Massachusetts. It was formed in 1762 and was previously called Rutland. It can be found in Worcester county and is a part of the Worcester registry of deed district. For more information, contact the county at 2 Coldbrook Rd., Oakham 01068. On the attached map, Oakham is shown as 21 in Worcester county.
For information about the state of Massachusetts see Massachusetts Family History Research.


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If you thought 1,080 lines of high-definition video was as good as it gets, then think again - Samsung has just unveiled a next-generation video interface that can handle resolutions up to 2560 x 1600.
DisplayPort , as the Korean firm has dubbed the interface, can be found in a WQXGA 30-inch LCD screen currently being used to demonstrate the technology. It is intended to replace VGA, DVI and other contemporary video interfaces eventually and has already been approved by VESA, the Video Electronics Standards Association.
Fatter pipe
According to Samsung, achieving such high resolutions while maintaining picture integrity requires a data rate of 10.8Gbit/s. This compares with the less-onerous demands of the DVI standard's 1.65Gbit/s. Additionally, at least three DVI chips would be required to work together to handle the same 1.07 billion colours across ten bits of colour depth.
Samsung says the new DisplayPort-enabled screen will be available commercially in 2008 with a full 180-degree viewing angle, but an unimpressive 300 candelas per square metre of brightness.


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About Willow Creek Press >
Willow Creek Press is an award-winning independent U.S. publisher that boasts a creative team with a meticulous eye for detail, quality and marketability. Located in the northwoods of Wisconsin, Willow Creek Press features a heartwarming and laugh-out-loud array of calendars and books that are developed with great care and pride. Willow Creek Press has a special focus on the myriad joys of dog and cat ownership. With an ever expanding line of light-hearted, high-quality books and calendars, Willow Creek Press has established their leadership role in this popular category.
Why Calendars?
Does your room need some color but you cant decide on a piece of art? Do you want to redecorate but are on a budget and dont want to break the bank? Wall calendars are the world's most popular calendars with style and unique themes for every interest from art to animals, religion to meditations, family organizers and childrens themes. Fill your walls with life and keep them fresh all year with a beautiful and affordable calendar. The wall calendar format gives you enough space to keep yourself organized and provide breathtakingly beautiful decor for any room, or surface, in your home. A calendar is easy to glance at and see what responsibilities you have coming up this month, so make sure you stay organized through the year! You can personalize your calendar, too, with different colors for appointments and trips, add stickers or stickie notes for a quick reference, or create your own system of symbols and abbreviations. Track appointments, anniversaries, birthdays and more! Or, cut out and frame your favorite images for year-round art. Wall calendars make great gifts for any and every occasion! The most common wall calendar size is 12" x 12" but sizes do tend to vary from large poster sizes to small mini-calendars or desk calendar. Check out each calendars specifications for an exact size. Shop our vast selection of high quality wall calendars.


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Patients say smoking, even eating medical marijuana helps
Blunts, bongs, lollipops, popcorn used to treat conditions
Troy Harcourt of Boulder, Colo., would spend every day outdoors kayaking and hiking if he could, but good days for him are few due to a disabling disease.
"It's a condition that's explained as a migraine of the stomach," he said. "It's called Cyclical Vomiting Syndrome."
It's rare, real, very difficult to treat and as awful as it sounds.
Surgeries haven't helped him. Intense bouts of vomiting can last days and lead to hospitalization. He said cannabis is the only treatment that offers relief.
"Two or three of these a day," Harcourt said as he took a hit from a bong, "makes Cyclical Vomiting Syndrome tolerable."
Lucky for him, medical marijuana is legal in Colorado and widely available in dispensaries.
Some dispensaries, like the Ganja Gourmet, sell a huge variety of edibles. A patient can choose from gummies, hard candies, popcorn, banana chips, lollipops and energy bars.
"We also have topicals, lotions, salves, massage oils," added Mike Brodeur, the dispensary's owner. "We have a lot of patients who are in real pain, and it does help them."
Colorado has roughly 120,000 patients registered to buy and use medical marijuana.
One of them is Tamar. She not only uses the products, but creates and develops them as well. She prefers tinctures --- concentrated liquid cannabis that can be applied orally as drops.
"If I get nausea, basically within 30 seconds of putting it under my tongue, the nausea is gone because it goes immediately to my head," she explained.
Another registered patient, Cory Bird, uses medical marijuana to control pain.
"I smoke it, I eat it," he said. "Daily."
Byrd said for him, cannabis is unmatched at controlling the nerve pain in his arm that he suffered in an accident.
"It's definitely a revolution," he said.
Still, it's hard to imagine plants called Green Queen Querkle and other slang-sounding names could ease cancer pain, nausea and glaucoma.
"I had surgery on my eye when I was younger," said Richard, a registered patient who spends hundreds each week on medical marijuana. "I get migraines."
But he said the blunts he smokes eliminate the symptoms.
"Yeah, it works," Richard said. "I wouldn't keep smoking it if it didn't work good."
So which patients will get access in Massachusetts? Right now, the Massachusetts Department of Public Health lists people with debilitating diseases like cancer, ALS and multiple sclerosis, but it is considering other conditions, including sleep disorders like insomnia.
Harcourt said people who are against medical marijuana need to have more empathy for those who truly need it.
"I would say walk a day in my shoes," he said. "And then tell me how much you're opposed against it."


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Event detail
Horizontals: Rusted
Exhibit - Photography | January 3 – February 1, 2018 every day | Faculty Club
Horizontals: Rusted." Sally Macks new abstract photos are the result of her year-long exploration of industrial rust at Mare Island shipyard near Vallejo CA. Initially intrigued by the scale of rusted materials, the details fascinated her. Horizontal bands of color changed with the light; vivid colors brought out in bright sunlight. Please stop by The Faculty Club to view the photos, they may change your perception of rust! The photos in the exhibit can be seen at:
http://www.sallymack.us/exhibits/horizontals-rusted/ Please contact Sally Mack with questions or comments at email@example.com


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WR Gay Pest Control
At WR Gay Pest Control Melbourne, we understand that the removal of pests is an inconvenient but periodically necessary service. Most homes and businesses require this as a result of our building environments, modern living and our 'Australian way of life' that we all enjoy.
1300 78 64 72
Pest Police Australia
Pest Police Australia are fully equipped to inspect & eliminate all pests, big or small, that are in & around Melbourne. We are able to give long warranties on all pest treatments due to using the best environmentally safe chemicals available & the experience required ensuring that pests will not continue to infest your property after our treatment.
1300 521 858
Adams Pest Control
Adams Pest Control offers best pest prevention services to keep offices, commercial buildings, hospitals, hotels, restaurants and government buildings clean from all kind of pests. Experts from Adams Pest Control can inspect your buildings and provide necessary guidance for cost effective pest removal services. Pestweb – a special software helps to see all report online via one click.
1300 933 789