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Chronicle 7. AN IBERIAN PERIPLUS REVIVAL
Χρονικό 7. ΑΝΑΒΙΩΣΗ ΠΕΡΙΠΛΟΥ ΤΗΣ ΙΒΗΡΙΑΣ
THE PHOENICIANS started building their trading monopoly in the 11th century BCE, after the Sea Peoples' raids and the Bronze Age collapse, enjoying a free hand while their antagonists were passing through a "Dark Age". Arriving at the other side of the Mediterranean, they became trading 'partners' with the 'silver' Tartessians. Profiting from the wealth of the region and also from the hospitality of the locals, a few Phoenicians settled in their cities. This was implied by Strabo when he wrote that "the best cities of Tartessos were inhabited by the Phoenicians".
Later they obtained a harbour of their own nearby. It was Gadir, the 'walled city', called Gadeira by the Greeks and Gades by the Romans (modern Cádiz).(a) Its founding is dated traditionally to 1104 BCE although no archaeological strata there can be dated earlier than the 9th century. Thus we assume that in its earliest days it was merely a small seasonal trading post. According to Hellenic legend, the city was founded by Heracles on Erytheia, Geryon's island, after killing him. One of its notable features in antiquity was the temple dedicated to the Phoenician god Melqart, associated with Heracles by the Greeks. It was still standing during the 1st century, and some historians, based in part on this information, believe that the columns of this temple were the origin of the myth of the Pillars of Heracles.
Soon the entire coastline around this strategic area on both seas, the Mediterranean and the Atlantic, as well as on both continents, Europe and Africa, was full of Phoenician settlements. However, they were more densely concentrated there in the south than further up the coast. Thus the Hellenes, when they finally re-appeared on the scene, were able to establish their own trading emporia along the northeastern coast before venturing into the Phoenician zone. Encouraged by the Tartessians, who probably desired to end the Phoenician economic monopoly, the Greeks founded Mainake (or Maenaca), very close to the Phoenician Malaca, on the coast of Málaga. The Massaliote Periplus, which gives an account of a sea voyage in the 6th century BCE, places Mainake under the aegis and in the dominion of Tartessos: Iberia was far too important for anyone to ignore…
Regarding the uncertainty on the whereabouts of Mainake, Strabo in his Geographica pointed out that its ruins, close to Malaca, could still be seen in his time (64 BCE – 24 CE); and collated the regular Greek urban plan versus the haphazard Semitic layout of the Phoenician site, whose location suggests it was a more dense and irregular urban cluster than neighbouring Mainake.(b) However, even if we are still puzzled about the latter's exact site and life span, the Hellenic cities on the Mediterranean coast of Iberia probably appeared on the map after the foundation of Massalia (modern Marseille) ca 600 BCE by Phocaeans from Ionia in Asia Minor – something that the Punics had tried but failed to prevent. Massalia became a thriving trading centre and a major rival of Carthage for the Iberian markets and especially the tin trade through Gaul.
The Phocaeans then founded Alalia in Corsica ca 566 BCE, and later moved towards Iberia. There are certain popular theories that at least one of their settlements, Rhode (today's Roses) at the northeastern tip of Iberia, goes back to the 8th century BCE, and that the colonists were from the Aegean island of Rhodes; but it seems more probable that it was founded in the 5th century BCE by Massaliotes, perhaps with an admixture of colonists from nearby Emporion (modern Empúries). Maybe, as in the case of the Phoenician settlement in Gadir, Rhode was nothing more than a small seasonal trading post in the 8th century; or perhaps the colonists that settled there three centuries later were mainly Rhodians serving in the Massaliote army, along with Cretans, in a special force charged with surveying the Carthaginian movements in southern Iberia.
Popular theories should not be discredited without serious thought and research just because they are 'popular'; those about Rhode certainly were not born without a reason. Sailing towards Provence, we learn that traders from Rhodes were visiting the coast in the 7th century BCE. Rhodian pottery from that century has been found in the area of Marseille, near Istres and Martigues, and at Évenos, near Toulon. The Rhône (Greek Rhodanós), the main river of Provence, and the ancient town of Rhodanousia were named after the island of Rhodes. There is still a problem of a time gap of one century with the supposed Iberian settlement of Rhode; but at any rate the Rhodian traces in Provence precede those of the Phocaeans, the founders of Massalia. Hellenes from other cities of Ionia also traded in the western Mediterranean as far as Iberia, but very little remains from that period. It is obvious that the Phocaeans had arrived there not just to trade but also to settle. A foundation myth reported by Aristotle in the 4th century BCE as well as by Latin authors symbolizes the intermarriage between Hellenes and locals, recounting how a Phocaean named Protis (or Euxenus) married a local princess called Gyptis (or Petta), thus giving him the right to receive a piece of land where he could found a city. Contacts developed undisputedly from 600 BCE onwards between Celts, Ligures and Greeks in Massalia and other colonies such as Agde, Nice, Antibes, Monaco, Emporion and Rhode.
According to Charles Ebel writing in the 1960s, "Massalia was not an isolated Greek city, but had developed an Empire of its own along the coast of southern Gaul by the 4th century". This idea of a Massalian Empire, nevertheless, is no longer accepted by several skeptical scholars in the light of recent archaeological evidence, which shows that Massalia's chora (agricultural territory under its direct control) was never large enough. The same skeptics also dispute the idea of a Hellenization of southern France due to Massalia. However, its influence was felt all through France to Brittany because of the Massaliotes' trade relations with the Celts, especially for the transport of tin from Brittany and even Cornwall. It seems that a Tin Route, indispensable for the manufacture of bronze, was established at that time from Cornwall, through the Channel, along the Seine valley, Burgundy and the Rhône-Saône valleys to Massalia. During his conquest of Gaul, Caesar reported that the Helvetii were in possession of documents in Hellenic, and all Gaulish coins used the Greek script until about 50 BCE. By that time the Massaliote coinage circulated freely in Gaul, influencing coinage as far afield as Britain. Hellenic Marseille eventually became a centre of culture which drew several Roman parents to send their children there to be educated.
A Tin Route, indispensable for the manufacture of bronze, was established from Cornwall through the Channel, along the Seine valley, Burgundy and the Rhône-Saône valleys to Massalia.
In our Massaliote Periplus revival, we set sail from Massalia, leaving Rhode and Emporion behind, and drop anchor between Barcinón and Callípolis. Legends say that Barcinón, modern Barcelona, was founded either by Heracles in the middle of the 12th century BCE,(c) or Hamilcar Barca, Hannibal's father, in the second half of the 3rd century BCE. At the same time, the Laietani, a Thracian–Iberian people, settled in the area where since the 6th century there had already been the small Greek colony of Callípolis, referred to by Avienus in his Ora maritima, and sometimes identified with Barcinón. However, Callípolis should have been at some distance off, between Tàrraco (Tarragona) and the Hellenic port of Salauris (Salou), in the Costa Daurada (Golden Coast) of Catalonia.
Sailing on while keeping a steady southwestward course, we arrive at Zákantha or Arse, founded by Greeks from the island of Zákynthos in the 7th century BCE. It was captured and destroyed by Hannibal in 219 BCE during the Second Punic War after eight months of heroic resistance related by Livy, and was rebuilt by the Romans who transcribed it as Saguntum, hence its current name of Sagunto.
Back from the European to our Iberian periplus. After Valentia (Valencia), our course turns to the Southeast due to a land projection along the coast of Iberia. Sailing past this peninsula formed by Montgó Massif, we visit the first port marked on the map of Tartessos, Hēmeroskopeion, located in modern Dénia, in the Valencian province of Alicante. Its name means Watchtower in Hellenic and it reflects the first use of the lofty promontory as such. According to Strabo, the town was also called Artemisium, from the cape where it was situated, together with a temple of Artemis. It was another colony of the Massaliote Greeks along with two more small settlements in the area, the names of which have not survived. The Romans called it Dianium, whence the modern name, from Diana, as Artemis was called in Latin. Apart from its strategic location, the city was equally important for some iron mines nearby. Next stop is Akra Leuké, also founded by the Massaliotes ca 325 BCE on a White Promontory or Acropolis as its name indicates. The city passed to the Carthaginians who used it as a military base and trade post. Its Punic name is not known, but the Romans called it Castrum Album, which means almost the same. Most archaeologists agree that the Roman Lucentum (Luminous city) is Akra Leuké and also the modern city of Alicante.
Helice, modern Elche (Elx in Valencian), was founded around 600 BCE near Akra Leuké to the South. The Achaean settlers named it after their native city.(d) Destroyed by Hannibal, it was rebuilt by the Romans as Ilici. A small walled coastal settlement, the Roman Portus Ilicitanus, or Harbour of Elche, cited by Claudius Ptolemy in his Geography, is today's Santa Pola. It was constructed with a regular layout in the Greek tradition near the Vinalopó River in the 4th century BCE, and served as an emporion oriented to Greek-Iberian exchange. But it had a brief life (around 80 years), which is inconsistent with the hypothesis that the Massaliote colony Alonai or Alonis was there. So, despite Ptolemy's mention that creates more confusion, attention was recently turned to the nearby town of La Vila Joiosa as a possible location of this colony. Anyway, the increasing amount of archaeological evidence for a Greek presence in Santa Pola, combined with the Graeco-Iberian script used in Alicante and Murcia, confirm the long direct contact between Greeks and Iberians in the region. The celebrated Lady of Elche, a once polychrome stone bust of a woman, is the most important find. It is considered as an example of Iberian sculpture with strong Hellenic influences.
The trading contacts of southeastern Iberia with Tartessos, Hellas, Magna Graecia and Phoenicia, with the influences absorbed, gave rise to an Iberian culture called the Contestani by Pliny and Strabo. Cartagena, originally named Mastia or Massia, was in this territory. Mastia (or Massia) was also the name of an Iberian tribe allied to the Tartessian confederation. The first description of the city of Mastia with high walls appears in the Massaliote Periplus and then in Avienus' Ora maritima. There is also a reference to Mastia in a treaty between Rome and Carthage in 348 BCE, marking the boundary between them in Iberia. Its mineral wealth, fisheries, agriculture, and harbour, one of the best in the Western Mediterranean, attracted the Punics who re-founded it in 228 BCE as Qart Hadasht ('New City'), identically named to its metropolis. The Romans renamed it as Carthago Nova in order to distinguish it from the mother city. The importance the Punics attached to this "new city" to serve as their Iberian capital and a springboard for the conquest of the peninsula proves that Gadir could not serve this purpose, also because of their antagonism with the Phoenician Gaditanian aristocracy that would explode later in open hostility.
Entering the Punic sphere, we come to realize the way the Phoenician colonial network was created: through infiltration of already existing settlements that soon passed under their full control – without excluding the use of violence in case the locals resisted. By contrast, the Hellenes, especially the Ionians such as the Phocaeans and the Massaliotes, contrary to the tactics of the Dorians, had a quite different approach. Referring to the foundation of Emporion, Strabo wrote:
"The Emporians lived before on an islet off the coast that now is called Palaiápolis [old city], for they live now on the mainland. Emporion is a double city, being divided by a wall, having before, as neighbours, some Indigetes [an indigenous tribe]… For they became united after some time in a single state, consisting of barbarian and Hellenic laws, as it also happened in many other cities."
Therefore, there were three phases of colonization: a) a separate settlement; b) peaceful coexistence as neighbours after a spirit of mutual trust had been established through cooperation; c) a commonwealth.
The Greeks and the natives "became united after some time in a single state, consisting of barbarian and Hellenic laws, as it also happened in many other cities." (Strabo)
The Contestani's neighbours to the Southwest were the Bastetani or Bastuli. Their main towns, Baria, Abdera, Sexi, Malaca, Carteia, and Bailo, are mostly mentioned as Phoenician colonies. Baria, the present-day fishing village of Villaricos, is said to have financed Hannibal's campaigns from the local silver mines. As for Abdera (today's Adra), it was a seaport town used by the Carthaginians as an emporium. Very few present it as a former Greek colony.(e) Ex or Sexi is modern Almuñécar; some of its inhabitants still call themselves sexitanos. The Phoenician colony was planted there in about 800 BCE.
Democritus, the "father of modern science", was ignored in Athens; Plato, though he never mentioned him, is said to have disliked Democritus so much that he asked from his pupils to burn all his books!
Sailing past the Greek Mainake and the Phoenician Malaca, we arrive at the Bay of Gibraltar. Carteia was established at the most northerly point of the bay, about halfway between the modern cities of Algeciras and Gibraltar, overlooking the sea on elevated ground at the confluence of two rivers. According to Strabo, the colony was founded ca 940 BCE as the trading settlement of K'rt, meaning 'City' in Phoenician (compare Qart Hadasht, that is, Carthage, 'New City'). The area had much to offer a trader; the hinterland behind Carteia was rich in wood, agricultural products, lead, iron, copper, and silver. Dyes were another much sought-after commodity, especially those from the murex shellfish, used to make the prized Tyrian purple. Due to its strategic location, the city played a significant role in the Punic Wars. In the Battle of Carteia in 206 BCE, the Punic fleet was defeated by the Romans, who captured the colony ca 190.
Sailing through the Straits into the Atlantic, we are surprised to hear that the town of Bailo was none other than Gadir. The report, however, cannot be verified, and the closest to the name 'Bailo' one can find is Baelo, near the present-day village of Bolonia, in the area of Tarifa, the southernmost point of Europe, which is rather far from Gadir. The town served as a trade link with northern Africa (Strabo: "hence the crossings to Tingis of Maurusia"), but was finally abandoned because of earthquakes.
Then we realize we are sailing in an area colonized by Heracles: not only Abdera (or Abderos) and Carteia (Carpeia, Carpaea or Carthaea), but also Bailo-Baelo or Belón seems to be linked to Heracles and, therefore, to the Mycenaeans. Carteia, says Strabo citing Timosthenes of Rhodes, was previously called Heraclea, after its founder. Some identify it with Algeciras, Paco de Lucía's hometown, on the west side of the bay, others say on the contrary it was located on the east side, on Calpe, that is, the Rock of Gibraltar, while some connect it to Tartessos, noting that once the latter disappeared, many confused it with Carteia. Other settlements associated with the Herculean colonizing "labours" were Mellaria or Melouria (modern Tarifa) and, as we have seen, Gadir, while sometimes even Tartessos is included in the list.
As for the Pillars of Heracles, the northern one on European soil is Calpe or Alybe (Gibraltar), small in size but rising sharply to a great height and looking like an island from afar, while the southern one, Abyle (Ceuta), is rather low. Their peculiarity is that nowadays their sovereignty is exercised by foreign powers: Gibraltar, on Spanish territory, is controlled by Britain, while Ceuta, on Moroccan soil, by Spain. The Phoenician Abyla, founded there in the 7th century BCE, passed under the control of the Phocaeans who renamed it as Hepta Adelphoi ('Seven Brothers'). As usual, the Romans transcribed the Greek toponym into Latin as Septa, hence the current name, and used Ceuta almost exclusively as a military post. The strategic importance of the Straits was obvious to everyone.
Outside the Pillars there is another settlement, presented as a Punic colony of the early 5th century BCE, possibly with a prior Phoenician presence, called Tingis (or Tingenis, today's Tangier). Taking advantage of Carthage's crashing defeat in Sicily in 480 BCE, the Phocaeans should have taken control of this city, as well, dominating entirely in this area of strategic importance during the Punics' long isolationist period after their defeat, before they recovered and imposed a blockade on the Straits. Like so many other settlements, Tingis was neither Phoenician, nor Greek, but, in this particular case, Berber. According to a Graeco-Roman mythological tradition, cited by Plutarch, Tingis was the wife of the giant Antaeus, king of Libya and son of Poseidon and Gaea, who was killed by Heracles. In Berber mythology, the founder of the city was Syfax, son of Tingis and Heracles. The tomb of Antaeus with his giant skeleton was discovered in Tangiers by the Roman Quintus Sertorius in the 1st century BCE, while the "cave of Heracles", where the hero supposedly slept before he stole the apples of the Hesperides, is located 14 kilometers far from the city to the west.
The colonizing activity apparently continued even after the Trojan War, since we are informed that, despite the many reports to the contrary, there were Hellenic (later Roman) settlements even beyond the Pillars of Heracles. One of them was between Gadir and the city of Tartessos, at the mouth of the Río Guadalete: it was Portus Menesthei (ὁ Μενεσθέως Λιμήν) and is probably the present-day Puerto de Santa María.(f) According to Strabo, even the Phoenician Gaditans offered sacrifices in the oracle of Menestheus, one of the suitors of Helen who fought in the Trojan War. Afterwards, according to Homer's Odyssey, he was expelled from Athens by Theseus' descendants and found refuge with his entourage in Iberia. Another settlement was next to Huelva to the West: it was Kalathousa, today's Aljaraque.
Portus Menesthei, in "historical terms", may not be that old, because the Greeks of the Homeric era – or their products at least – arrived at Iberian ports in the 8th century BCE. Those that transported the Hellenic ware and other goods might very well have been the Phoenicians and the reason was their artistic quality that the Canaanites were unable to achieve. One such excellent ceramic, an Attic kylix, a type of wine-drinking vessel, was found in Medellin of Badajoz, in Spanish Extremadura. The presence of this beautiful cup so far from the coastline is explained by the so-called Silver Route that most probably crossed western Iberia from north to south to facilitate the transport of the mineral wealth from Galicia to Tartessian harbours.
What the Phoenician ships could not transport and, therefore, made the Greek presence absolutely necessary in Iberia, was Hellenic culture, art, ideas, architectural models, burial habits, and so on. Taking into account that the Minoans were probably not Greeks, it seems that the first period Iberia received Hellenic influences was during the time of the Mycenaeans. This, however, is half-true and therefore (at least) half a lie, given that the Mycenaeans were civilized thanks to the Minoans. Thus the Minoan and the Mycenaean influences on Iberian cultures were very similar, if not identical. At that time, of course, there was no Tartessos. The Minoans and the Mycenaeans inseminated the local cultures they found there and the Tartessian civilization germinated some time later, when there were no Greeks around anymore. It took them at least half a millennium to wake up from their lethargic "Dark Ages" and reappear in the peninsula. The rich rewards were in the meantime reaped by the Phoenicians…
What the Phoenician ships could not transport and, therefore, made the Greek presence absolutely necessary in Iberia, was Hellenic culture, art, ideas, architectural models, burial habits, and so on…


text: Sebrango fires pair as Vancouver Whitecaps score win - The Vancouver Sun August 11, 200812:00AM PDT Previous Next John Atkinson Eduardo Sebrango struck his ninth and 10th goals of the season Sunday as the Whitecaps twice came from behind to gain revenge for their defeat in Atlanta five days earlier. Ansu Toure put the visiting Silverbacks up 1-0, then ahead 2-1 with a brace of stunning first-half strikes, and the Georgia side looked set to send Vancouver spinning to their third successive USL First Division loss. However, captain Jeff Clarke restored home morale with the first equalizer and then marshalled a rousing second-half comeback as the Whitecaps netted twice late on to remain joint-top of the league. Clarke admitted the crucial win will be a huge confidence-booster. "After the long road trip, to show the character and will to come back twice will give us a huge lift," he said. "We have almost reached the middle of August now, so those points will be worth double." Sebrango's 88th-minute winner sparked furious protests from the Atlanta players, after substitute Geordie Lyall, making his first appearance of the season, floored visiting goalkeeper Felipe Quintero in attempting to meet Martin Nash's corner. Clarke, though, said he felt it was a fair challenge and that, for the first time in a while, Vancouver had perhaps had the rub-of-the-green in terms of refereeing decisions. The Whitecaps made an encouraging start, but couldn't make their possession tell - and it was the Silverbacks who made the breakthrough in the 20th minute. Scott Buete fed Toure just outside the penalty area and the forward unleashed a swerving, dipping shot which smacked the underside of the crossbar and bounced down beyond the goal-line. The ball then spun out, falling kindly for the lurking Jerson Monteiro, who firmly headed it past Jay Nolly just to make sure. TV replays confirmed it was Toure's goal, however. Within five minutes, Takashi Hirano made a crucial intercepting header to deny the Silverbacks a second goal-scoring chance, before the home side drew level. Jason Jordans attempted pull-back was palmed into the path of Clarke by Quintero, and the home skipper made no mistake, drilling a shot into the bottom corner. Parity was restored for only 14 minutes, though, as Toure bagged his and Atlanta's second goal in the 39th minute. Buete was again the provider, slipping a ball to the forward who turned Wes Charles inside out and chipped a shot over the grounded Nolly. The Whitecaps responded well to going behind again, Sebrango winning possession inside the Silverbacks penalty area and setting up Jordan. The latter, however, shot wildly wide. Sebrango had golden opportunities to draw Vancouver level either side of half-time, curling a shot against the post just before it and then heading inches wide just after it. Head coach Teitur Thordarson threw on substitutes Lyle Martin, Charles Gbeke and Geordie Lyall in a bid to spark a shift in momentum and it bore fruit 18 minutes from time. Sebrango, breaking from midfield, put Gbeke in the clear, only for the striker to pull the trigger on a weak shot which was parried by Quintero. However, the ball squirted free and the Cuban forward reacted quickest to lash a shot into the roof of the net. The long-time injured Lyall then played his part in creating the winning goal, going shoulder-to-shoulder with Quintero, before swinging in unison with Sebrango at the loose ball the latter claiming the all-important touch. © Special to the Vancouver Sun Previous Next

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- Your Sunday Sermon Notes – 1st Passion Sunday 2020 (TLM)
- POLL: Veiling and covering images on 1st Passion Sunday 2020, 5th of Lent
- 29 March – LIVE Sunday Mass (TLM) 0730 CDT
- LENTCAzT 2020: 33 – 5th Sunday of Lent – 1st Passion Sunday: Time to die
- @MadisonDiocese : Bp. Hying's Decree altering conditions for gaining Plenary Indulgences
- ASK FATHER: Blessing sacramentals over a live stream on the internet
- 28 March – Holy Mass (TLM) Saturday 4th Week of Lent – LIVE VIDEO: 1200h CDT (GMT/UTC -5)
- LENTCAzT 2020: 31 – Saturday in the 4th Week of Lent: Reward for an act of charity.
- ASK FATHER: Best practices for following a Mass which is live-streamed on the internet or broadcast on TV
- Wherein a seriously annoyed Fr. Z rants – UPDATED
- ACTION ITEM! BISHOPS and PRIESTS – Exorcise and bless!
- Startling visuals from special "Urbi et Orbi" ceremony in Rome against the pandemic
- 27 March – Votive Mass "for the sick" – LIVE VIDEO: 1200h CDT (GMT/UTC -5)
- LENTCAzT 2020: 31 – Friday in the 4th Week of Lent: "The nature of our pride"
- 1st Space Force mission is a go
- LENTCAzT 2020: 30 – Thursday in the 4th Week of Lent: "I command you, get up!"
- Darmok and Jalad at Tanagra
- Fakebook blocking or deleting live-streamed Catholic Masses
- ROME: Famous 1522 Plague Procession Crucifix moved to St. Peter's
- ASK FATHER: How to contact priests to serve their private Traditional Latin Masses
- 25 March: Feast of The Good Thief, St. Dismas… who stole heaven
- 25 March – Annunciation – LIVE VIDEO: Mass at 1200h CDT (GMT/UTC -5)
- CDF DECREE: New PREFACES for the Extraordinary Form (TLM) liturgical calendar
- CDF DECREE: New SAINTS for the Extraordinary Form (TLM) liturgical calendar
- LENTCAzT 2020: 29 – Wednesday in the 4th Week of Lent & Annunciation: "She is the 'people of God'"
Let us pray…
Grant unto thy Church, we beseech Thee, O merciful God, that She, being gathered together by the Holy Ghost, may be in no wise troubled by attack from her foes. O God, who by sin art offended and by penance pacified, mercifully regard the prayers of Thy people making supplication unto Thee,and turn away the scourges of Thine anger which we deserve for our sins. Almighty and Everlasting God, in whose Hand are the power and the government of every realm: look down upon and help the Christian people that the heathen nations who trust in the fierceness of their own might may be crushed by the power of thine Arm. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, Thy Son, who liveth and reigneth with Thee in the unity of the Holy Ghost, God, world without end. R. Amen.
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Tag Archives: solemn tone
PRAYERCAzT/PODCAzT: Trinity Sunday: singing the whole nine yards
Posted on 18 June 2011 by Fr. John Zuhlsdorf
I again inflict my singing on you for most of this project. Quite a while back I started a PRAYERCAzT series, wherein I read and/or sang the prayers and readings for upcoming Sundays and Feasts for the Extraordinary Form. I … Continue reading →


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|Hiện tại, không có sản phẩm nào trong giỏ hàng !
|Viên nén cafe Nespresso (09/03/2014)
|Crealto Limited Edition 2012 (22/01/2013)
|Watermelon (07/06/2012)
The cherry
A few months after the coffee tree has flowered, it bears a fruit known as the "coffee cherry".
• The flowering of the coffee trees depends on the altitude, climate and the region they are grown.
• The white flower of the coffee tree releases a delicate jasmine scent. The flower loses it petals just a few days after it has been fertilised.
• The formation of the fruit from the flower occurs 6 to 8 months following flowering for the Arabica variety and 9 to 11 months for the Robusta variety.
The coffee cherries grow at different stages of maturity on the same branch:
• The coffee cherries, also know as "drupes", are green in colour at first and when the fruits mature they become an orangey-red colour (or yellow for the Yellow Bourbon variety).
• The name "cherries" is due to their colour and shape, which is reminiscent of the fruit of cherry trees.
Each cherry contains two beans that will become green coffee.
• The cherry is made up of two grains or beans lying side-by-side, surrounded by a mucilage, which is itself coated in a red, fleshy pulp. These layers are removed to reveal the green coffee: the raw material of coffee.
The nutritive soil
• The coffee is grown in the soils of the tropical belt, between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn.
• Coffee can only be grown in tropical regions as it requires warm temperatures and abundant rain.
• The sun nurtures the coffee and gives it its unique character.
Throughout the year, Nespresso Coffee Experts travel the world in search of the finest coffee beans from small coffee producers.
• Nespresso takes particular care in selecting the countries that supply the coffee used in its blends: Brazil, Columbia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Kenya, India and Ethiopia.
• Year after year, our Coffee Experts discover exceptional origins, which we use to make up our Special Club and Limited Edition varieties.
Arabica and Robusta, a unique alchemy
The Arabica is a coffee variety that is grown at high altitudes. It is floral or fruity in character, quite acidic and has low caffeine content.
The Robusta variety grows on plains. It is more intense with more bitterness and body and has a higher caffeine content.
The subtle blending of these varieties reveals a wealth of flavours.
• Nespresso uses 95% Arabicas and 5% Robustas in its Grands Crus.
• The best Arabicas are produced close to the equator, between 1,000 and 2,000 metres high, where sunlight and relatively cold nights slow down maturation. These specific conditions favour the growth of hard, aromatic beans.
• The more rustic Robusta varieties prefer low ground located between 100 and 800 metres high and hot and humid climates.
• The Nespresso Arabica and Robusta varieties are selected according to strict quality criteria.


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Links to and discussion of writing related sites and handy resources, including but not limited to publishers, on and offline magazines, contests and guides.
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ACParadise Network: American Cosplay Paradise American Cosplay Experience American Cosplay Snapshots
I love to Cosplay, can't remember when I started. First outfit was Utena, then Kaname, Kirika Yuumura, Kaname (summer), tried doing Yuna, did a Persocom, and Reno from FFVII. I would love to do more but do not have the money and patience for it. I hope to do more but would rather pay someone to make them for me. I like making plush dolls more. Sorry I don't have many pictures right now. I will try to get some up, it's just so hard to take pictures of yourself when you have 10sec from hitting the camera to getting in position.
For more pictures
Recent Updates
Newest Favorites
Newest Fans
Recent Comments
- azil1 says, "Where did you get your outfit from? I would like to be Makina for Halloween! I ordered the shoes, socks, and ribbon separately but am having trouble finding a shirt and skirt like hers."
- For Makina Hoshimura from Corpse Princess
- MisterGloo says, "Great Rainbow cos! I love your wig. * Q *"
- For Rainbow Dash from My Little Pony Friendship is Magic
- Kichara says, "Great Lina costume! :)"
- For Lina Inverse from Slayers
- KuramaBabe says, "I LOVE the hair. Totally gorgeous."
- For Isuzu (Rin) Sohma from Fruits Basket


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Tejun Heo<tj@xxxxxxxxxx> writes:
Commit a82afdf (block: use the same failfast bits for bio and request)
moved BIO_RW_* bits around such that they match up with REQ_* bits.
Unfortunately, fs.h hard coded READ, WRITE, READA and SWRITE as 0, 1,
2 and 3, and expected them to match with BIO_RW_* bits. READ/WRITE
didn't change but BIO_RW_AHEAD was moved to bit 4 instead of bit 1,
breaking READA and SWRITE.
This patch updates READA and SWRITE such that they match the BIO_RW_*
bits again. A follow up patch will update the definitions to directly
use BIO_RW_* bits so that this kind of breakage won't happen again.
Stable: The offending commit a82afdf was released with v2.6.32, so
this patch should be applied to all kernels since then but it must
_NOT_ be applied to kernels earlier than that.
Would someone be so kind as to remind me how this problem manifests
itself? I know I read this recently, but my memory and googling skills
are both failing me. :(


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Will Nader challenge Dodd?
Could Ralph Nader reprise his spoiler role at the expense of Sen. Chris Dodd (D-Conn.)?
The consumer crusader, perennial presidential aspirant and Winsted, Connecticut native says lots of people are asking him to run for the Senate against Dodd in 2010 -- and he isn't saying no just yet.
"You can't believe the number of people of asking me [to run]... Right now I'd say I'm agnostic," Nader told me earlier today, asked about rumors he'd run an independent, siphoning off liberal votes Dodd needs.
"I'm totally neutral, but I'm hearing the same things you are hearing."
The 75-year-old Nader is still registered as a voter in the state, making him eligible to run, according to the elections division of the Connecticut Secretary of State's office.
Nader says he first heard the idea back in April, when Manchester (Conn.) Journal Inquirer editor Keith Burris penned a column urging "Run, Ralph, run," and blasting Dodd for his role in the 1999 repeal of the Glass-Steagall Act.
Nader's entry as a third party candidate would be terrible news for Dodd, who is hoping to energize his liberal base in possible match-ups against GOP challengers Rob Simmons and Linda McMahon, who lead him in public polls.
Nader says he personally likes Dodd and met with him more than six months ago for an hour in hopes of getting the Senate banking chairman to sign off on Nader's plan to create an independent Financial Consumer Assocation, which Nader thinks is needed to keep mutual fund managers and pension executives honest.
Dodd was sympathetic and said he would look into it -- but the commission wasn't part of the legislative package Dodd introduced earlier this week. Nader, whom many Dems blame for delivering the '00 election to George W. Bush, says Dodd's bill was a good start, but lacks teeth on regulating derivatives and other financial products.
"Nothing in the bill would put the screws to the heads of the pension or the mutual funds," Nader said. "I'm trying to get Dodd to do the right thing... Right now, they are not serious" about tightening regulations, he said of Senate Democrats.
He said his focus, at the moment, was on bolstering the reforms, not electoral politics.
Nader also faulted Sen. Charles Schumer (D-NY), who first introduced the financial consumer association idea as a House member 24 years ago, but has been silent on the issue this year.
"Schumer graduated Harvard Law School years after I did, and now he's not returning my calls," Nader added with a chuckle.
"I guess he thinks he's a big shot."


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Game 1: DU wins 6-3
The University of Denver began the league playoffs Friday night by scoring more goals than it produced in the previous four games. And finally, 13 games after scoring machine Brock Trotter was suspended and bolted for an NHL contract, the Pioneers have another player atop the scoring grid.
Freshman Tyler Bozak had two goals in DU's convincing 6-3 victory over Minnesota-Duluth in the teams' Western Collegiate Hockey Association best-of-three series at Magness Arena. Bozak now leads the Pioneers (23-13-1) with 32 points, one more than Trotter amassed in 24 games.
Freshman Dustin Jackson also had two goals, plus an assist, as DU ended a series-high three-game losing streak in a game it led 2-0 within the first five minutes and never trailed. The Pioneers, who are a win away from punching a ticket to next week's WCHA Final Five in St. Paul, Minn., had scored just five goals in its final four regular-season games.
Sophomores Matt Glasser and Cody Brookwell also got in the scoring column. For Brookwell, the big defenseman notched the first of his career, and a beauty at that.
Fifty-five seconds after the Bulldogs got within 5-3 early in the third period, Brookwell came out of the penalty box and went on a breakaway. He roofed a backhander that gave DU its third three-goal lead.
DU's offensive outburst took place without junior defenseman/forward Patrick Mullen (suspended) and sophomore forward Brian Gifford (ankle injury, who both had played in each of the first 36 games.
Mullen will return for Game 2, but the injury Gifford sustained Thursday in practice could keep him out of the lineup until the beginning of the March 27 NCAA Tournament.


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Unicorn Silver Star Michael Smith 80% Tungsten Darts. Features: 80% Tungsten Nickel Alloy, Precision engineered barrels, Matched Weight Series - set of 3 barrels within 0.1g, Gripper Shafts.
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Price: £4.80 - Click here to Laser Engrave straight along the barrel.
Darts Corner are stockists of most dart products and equipment from many darts suppliers:


text:
It's already been announced that Valve will be releasing DLC that lets PC and Mac owners create their own additions to Aperture Science's brain-teasing architecture. Now, a leaked video shows what the Perpetual Testing Initiative looks like in action.
The video seems to have originally come from level creator TopHatWaffle, who had early access to the tools and posted the preview online. (TopHatWaffle was one of the level designers behind last year's charming Portal 2 marriage proposal.) He took it down after Valve asked but it's been re-posted by someone else on YouTube.
It's a pretty in-depth look at how users will craft, tweak and share the levels. There's no way of knowing how long this video will stay up so watch now if you want to see how Perpetual Testing Initiative works before it comes out later this month.
Portal 2 - "Perpetual Testing Initiative" Preview
[YouTube, via Reddit]


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Editor's Note: BlackBerry® Mobile Conferencing 3.0 is now out of beta and available from BlackBerry® App World™. Get it here!
We're excited to announce that the third version of BlackBerry® Mobile Conferencing is now available in the BlackBerry Beta Zone. For those unaware, BlackBerry Mobile Conferencing is an app that makes conference calls using BlackBerry smartphones a breeze. Key features include automatic recognition of conference call details within calendar invitations, a "Join Now" button for calls, conversion from an email to a meeting invitation, one-click reconnection to a lost call, and more. All you need to run BlackBerry Mobile Conferencing 3.0 is a BlackBerry smartphone running BlackBerry® Device Software 5.0 or higher. For all of the details and to watch a video demonstration, check out the BlackBerry Mobile Conferencing web site.
What's new in this version?
- Conference Call Recognition for the UK
We're excited to roll out support for the United Kingdom, where BlackBerry Mobile Conferencing is now available and built to recognize UK calling codes and conference information.
- App Icon on your Home Screen
You've asked for it, and now we've included it. With BlackBerry Mobile Conferencing 3.0, you'll see an icon on your home screen that provides easy access to help, demos, and app sharing.
- Feature Demos
New to BlackBerry Mobile Conferencing? Now you'll be able to access video demonstrations and explore key features right from within the app. This will allow you to get familiar with the app and help to increase your mobile conferencing efficiency.
- App Sharing
Are your colleagues irritable about having to enter conference codes and pin numbers? Use the App Sharing feature to send a BlackBerry® App World™ download link and get all of your friends on board the BlackBerry Mobile Conferencing 3.0 train.
We're committed to improving the everyday life of BlackBerry smartphone users worldwide, and BlackBerry Mobile Conferencing 3.0 has taken a great step forward with the convenience of connecting individuals at the touch of a button.
Join the Beta
BlackBerry Mobile Conferencing 3.0 is currently available in the BlackBerry Beta Zone. Head over, sign up (or login), and grab the app today. Be sure to explore BlackBerry Beta Zone and provide feedback on how you're using the app! The full launch is expected in early February 2012 on BlackBerry App World.
What new feature are you most looking forward to? Has BlackBerry Mobile Conferencing saved you time? Share in the comments below.


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Don't Tread On Memes
Don't Tread On Memes
Customer Reviews
i like it
Don't Tread On Memes
Don't Tread On Memes
Let customers speak for us
I tried finding these patches for a long time and they're great although I don't rate one many of my Brothers do and they'll love them when I give them to them!!!
I received not only the patch I ordered, but also several other high quality patches as well as a hand written note. I am very satisfied with Morale Patch Armory's quality as well as their service. I can guarantee that several airmen from my squadron will soon become customers of Morale Patch Armory just based on the excellent product and service I received.
This PVC patch has sharp colors and excellent quality. A must have for anyone who enjoys Pepe memes and wants to represent!
The patch is very well made and looks great. Didn't expect to get the backing with it to be able to attach it to my backpack, MPA went the extra mile!
Loved the patch and quick service. They anded a little blue pride stickers for me to where that were free. Couldn't have been more pleased. Thanks
Top quality!!
Thank you! My order was on time and I love the gifts inside my Envelope.
Some businesses just sell you things and do not follow ups or show any appreciation for your patronage. This company goes above and beyond for their customers and I was flabbergasted with the way they treated me and my order. Personal touches really shows how much they care and I'll be a repeat customer for sure. The products come in excellent packaging and is high quality patches. You can't go wrong with them as you'll love your items and the company.
I love the patch, and I need more rainbow patch options
All patches were top quality.
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Punisher American Flag
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USAF Security Forces Badge
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USAF Security Forces Badge Patch
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SrA Chief of The Air Force
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Defensor Pepe
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I had ordered this patch and my post office mis delivered it. I was pissed and thought I wasn't getting one. Morale patch armory sent me another pepe plus an extra patch. Thank you Morale Patch Armory.
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SrA Chief of The Air Force
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I ordered 2 SrAAF patches for an upcoming combat dining out. True to E-4 custom, this was a last minute idea and I needed them delivered to an APO ASAP. They arrived in just 7 days. Though the patches are more grey than regular ABU green (-0.5 star), their construction is top notch.
Product was exactly what I ordered. And more. Even the backing looks nice.
Really good quality. And looks good lol Glad I bought. Good for backpacks
I have never seen such a patch, but once I saw it I knew I had to have one
Mystery Pack of Morale Patches


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Former UMaine women to be inducted into hall of fame
Six former players, coaches to be inducted
Six former University of Maine women's basketball stars and coaches will be inducted into the New England Basketball Hall of Fame.
The six will be formally inducted June 22.
They include former student-athletes Jamie Cassidy, Heather Ernest, Emily Ellis and Amy Vachon, along with former coaches Joanne P. McCallie and Sharon Versyp.
Cassidy ranks third in Maine's all-time scoring list and fourth in rebounding. Ernest was a two-time America East Player of the Year.
Ellis led the Black Bears in rebounding two of her four years. Vachon led the Black Bears to four-straight NCAA tournament appearances.
McCallie guided the Black Bears to seven straight 20-win campaigns. Versyp's teams won three straight America East regular season championships, 2003-2005, and in 2004 also won the America East Tournament title.


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Posts Tagged 'Captain Bill Hughes'
A sailor's life – 80. Worse things happen at sea: the steward's story
David Morris called himself a journalist, a writer. He'd been on the lookout for a job on a square rigger for months before he heard of Monkbarns in Sydney in June 1925. He wanted "atmosphere" for some historical sea stories he was preparing to publish, he told the Newcastle Sun as the ship loaded Australian coal for South America. He wanted thrills, he wanted to "see the Pacific at its worst".
Around him on deck, eyes slid away. "Some of the crew, with that superstition born in seamen, are inclined to regard him us a hoodoo," the reporter noted.
Three weeks earlier Morris had shot across to Walsh Bay, Sydney, where the ship was discharging nitrate, and buttonholed the mate, offering himself in any capacity at a nominal wage. The mate had said "Nothing doing", but as he trudged off down the gangway, they'd had a rethink. If he really wanted the experience, said the master, he could come along as a general helper at £2 a month (about £1,000 per annum today.)
Was it a cheap shot they'd expected him to refuse? Morris called himself the Captain's steward, though he appears on the crew list as Cabin Boy, but pay for a seaman was £10 a month, not £2. Then again, as steward or "boy" he didn't have to go aloft in all weathers or stand his trick at the wheel. He was a housekeeper, minding stores and dispensing first aid.
"Yesterday Morris was caught sewing his shirt, with stitches that would disgust a housewife, on the steps leading to the poop deck. He is a well-built man of 25, but he looks more like 30. The small moustache on his upper lip, and the tan shoes and the tweed suit already soiled by work in the galley, looked strangely out of place there," said page 6 of the Newcastle Sun.
London-born Morris had visited most ports in the world as a passenger, and had slept in some of Australia's best hotels and its least inviting parks in his quest for "atmosphere", readers learned. He had been inspired to join Monkbarns by the runaway success of a sea thriller published the previous year by another young Australian journalist, Dale Collins. Ordeal is based on a round-the-world trip Collins made aboard the motor yacht Speejacks as historian to the US cement magnate Albert Younglove Gowen, who happened to be on his (second) honeymoon. The novel – about seamen turning on their idle rich passengers – was filmed in 1930 as The Ship from Shanghai, with Louis Wolheim as the ship's crazed steward who holds them all hostage.
Morris was quite frank about what he was up to; there were men on Monkbarns who had had remarkable experiences, he told the newspaper, and he wanted to "chase up" some of those real-life stories. But he seems to have fallen short on listening. This may have been a world of horny-handed hard cases risking life and limb in all weathers aloft, but they still wouldn't set sail on a Friday, or whistle for fear of challenging the wind, or even say "pig" out loud.
Of the 28 men and boys who had left Liverpool in March 1923, two were dead – including a 19-year-old apprentice lost lashing down an escaping sail during a hurricane – and two more would die before they dropped anchor back in the Thames in 1926.
By June 1925, only the captain, the mate, "Sails" and the older apprentices remained of the original company. It was they who had faced down disaster on the passage out, when a hurricane south-west of Good Hope knocked them so badly that the cargo shifted. With the lee side of the ship 12ft under and green seas raking the deck, it was they who had risked their lives deep in the hold, shovelling rock salt uphill for three days to try to right her. Young Cyril Sebun was lost off the upper topgallant yardarm while they laboured. But nothing could have been done to save him. The boats were all smashed.
Eventually, they put into Cape Town in distress – a first for Captain William Davies. "During my forty years of service in sailing ships I have never had an experience that can in any way compare with this recent one, and to be quite frank, I should not like to pass through a similar ordeal again."
On arrival in Australia, three seamen deserted – abandoning their pay – and Morris's predecessor killed himself with an overdose of chloroform. He had been drinking heavily, the inquest noted. He was buried in Stockton NSW, where some of his former shipmates from the SS Argyllshire called the following spring. They sang Welsh hymns at his grave, and laid artificial flowers. They knew.
So, it was not surprising that Morris' taste for ill winds made his shipmates uncomfortable and by the time Monkbarns had been at sea for two months, things had turned nasty.
Three entries from the diary kept by one of the apprentices, Eugene Bainbridge, offer a snapshot: 23.8.25. Sunday. Played Bridge all day and was 600 up to finish. It has been quite parky lately and it was anything but warm at the wheel from 12-2 tonight. Course ENE, on starboard tack. Shaved David Morris's beard in half deck after putting him forcibly on the floor. He seemed a bit peevish and didn't play 'Vingt et un' very well afterwards. The job we made of his beard wasn't very good.
24.8.25. Monday. Clear, calm, sunny, fresh. Doing about 2-3 knots. Course ENE. 'Maurice' came in for about two minutes tonight. He seemed to know that there was something in the air and beat it.
25.8.25. Tuesday. A night of revelry of a peculiar sort. The subject was 'Maurice Moscovich'. Notices were posted on the half deck doors inviting you to a singsong to be held in the fo'c'sle at 6.30pm. The Mate was particularly asked to refrain from blowing 2 whistles and when told why, was quite sympathetic. At 6.30 sharp, we met and the subject [Morris] had wandered into the gay party.
It was a bluff. He was to be seized in the middle of its proceedings and tried by the chief Pelican and his confederates. All passed off as planned and the victim was found guilty of not supplying the fo'c'sle with molasses and duly sentenced to have his port beard and starboard 'tache shaved off. Cold water was used to emphasise the gravity of the act, and Bill Hughes, the Court Hairdresser, operated.
But worse was to come, because Morris evidently put up resistance to the assault, verbally if not physically. Bainbridge, a 21-year-old ex-boarding school boy from Maida Vale, London, records that the victim was deemed to have been "unduly insolent" to his tormentors – and a vote for death by dropping over the after part of the poop was passed.
It is possible that there was more than a little anti-Semitism in this "hazing" as Maurice Moscovitch was a well known Russian Jewish stage actor that summer wowing Australian audiences with his Merchant of Venice and Morris's middle name was inscribed on the crew list as Isidor. Bainbridge had been to see Moscovitch at the Criterion theatre while Monkbarns was in Sydney.
More worrying still, the punishment meted out – for poor stewardship of the few treats that made the ship's diet of salt meat and pulses bearable – apparently had the backing of the Master and the Mate. Bainbridge writes: We next trussed him up in a sack etc and took him aft for the mate's inspection.
The procession marched solemnly back singing 'For it's a Lie'. Prisoner was next trussed up again (more securely) and taken forth to his execution. Maurice was marched up on to the fo'c'sle head and lowered away over the break. The wash tub was underneath and someone was making a noise like water. The stunt worked so far and when about a foot off the deck, the word was given and Maurice was dropped!!! He arrived in a heap at the side of the 'donkey' [steam winch] amid cheers and benedictions from the High Priest.
Had Morris believed his hostile playmates were actually dropping him gagged and bound into the Pacific? It seems more than possible, but he showed his mettle by joining them in the fo'c'sle, where proceedings continued as a "sing song", and reciting a chunk of Kipling for the company. Whereupon everyone joined in a hearty chorus of "For he's a jolly good fellow" and peace descended. Bainbridge wrote: The Old Man and Mate were both observed to be enjoying it uncommonly.
Many years later, "Bill the Court Hairdresser" – by then Captain William Hughes, sir – remembered David Morriss [sic] and his quest for atmosphere. "He got it all right, and I'm sure that what he went through before reaching London would fill two or three books," he told AG Course, chronicling the history of the John Stewart ships for his book The Wheel's Kick and The Wind's Song.
Two months later, just outside Valparaiso, he was still annoying the apprentices (Dave joins us, and we are bored to a standstill with his platitudes!) but he'd graduated from 'Maurice' to Dave. And in port, Dave showed a pleasing openhandedness with the ship's stores as the apprentices rowed around visiting and being visited by boys from neighbouring ships. (Dave got us some stores and there was plenty of scoff. He unfortunately spoilt this good turn by telling some of his tall yarns.)
However, as soon they put out to sea again and rationing restarted, the moans resume. 9.3.26. Dave wants to substitute sugar for molasses instead of substituting jam. This is not a fair exchange as sugar doesn't go well with bread and butter! 5.5.26. Dave has been making mistakes with the weighing out of the butter and the tins containing so painfully small a quantity we complained and found we were getting less than our whack!
Happily, nine months after Morris's sentencing by the Pelican Club, the horseplay had become rather more inclusive, if no less rough. By then, Captain William Davies was dead in Rio de Janeiro, the Mate was the new Old Man and the ceremony as Monkbarns passed Lat 0° 00' 00" was a more or less welcome letting off steam after a very trying few months fighting their way round the Horn with the dying man refusing to put into port.
Young Bainbridge had a ringside seat. 9.5.26. Sunday. Crossed the Line last night. We all 'felt the bump and noticed that the ship was going faster downhill!!' At 1.30, I was let into the secret by Bill that we 'offenders' had to 'go through it'. The Old Man had made some pills of ginger, glycerine and several other ingredients and covered them with sugar (of which there is a very large quantity aboard from Rio.) Jim had made some very 'choice' mixture of tar, tallow, soap, Melado (molasses) and red lead.
In time honoured tradition, Neptune appeared over the side clad in oakum and bearing a huge trident made from the mast of the for'rard boat, accompanied by his Wife, his Barber, his Parson – in a lead foil cassock and paper collar – and his Doctor carrying the bag of pills. They set up court on the main hatch.
Bainbridge and Morris were among six "first trippers" the god of the sea wanted to inspect for fitness.
I was first blindfolded and then marched to the main hatch, falling over several 'lines' drawn across the deck. We had made the washhouse door fast and they had to break the handle off to get in. I was first asked by Neptune why I had done this and if I had crossed the Line before and why I hadn't been 'put through it'!
I then kissed his wife's foot, which was covered with tar and was then shaved using the mixture, getting plenty of it in the mouth. I received the pills and spat them out. At a second shot, I managed to conceal one behind my tongue but before I could remove it my mouth was sore! I finished up being tipped backwards into a tub of water and then liberated. After I had seen two or three others done I went onto the boom and caught a 24lb bonito, which we had for tea. The proceedings broke up with all hands 'splicing the main brace'.
They were back in the northern hemisphere after three years away, and "home" suddenly seemed closer. But Monkbarns' adventures were not over. Progress was slow. Supplies ran out. By 450 miles off the Lizard they were down to rice and ersatz bread, but once into the shipping lanes an obliging German steamer provided relief.
They brought the boat alongside and the provisions pulled aboard: three sides of bacon, two hams, two cases of spuds, three sacks of flour and about 16 tins of Argentine boiled beef (we had some for tea and it was excellent), a certain amount of margarine and butter for the cabin, also lard and Dutch evaporated milk. Then the Cook gave us curry and rice for breakfast!!!!!!!! It was nearly the last of him.
But two weeks later they were still 12 miles off Portland Bill, and "reduced to rice, tea and a little jam and bread", according to another unpublished diary of that voyage, by able seaman Dudley Turner. "Not had a smoke for weeks, which makes matters a lot worse." And the Old Man was refusing to flag down any more ships.
When they picked up the pilot off Dungeness and it was discovered he handed out cigarettes for good steering – the first tobacco seen aboard for weeks – there was a rush to relieve the wheel frequently. "Never had such good steering been seen before by the old ship," wrote Course. But they were so undernourished that the tug crew had to help them haul the hawser aboard.
At 6pm on 10 July 1926, Monkbarns dropped anchor off Tilbury. The pilot presented them with a sack of potatoes and Bainbridge records a "memorable feed of sausages and boiled spuds!!! Never was a meal so appreciated".
The following day they were towed up to Charlton Buoys, a vessel from a bygone age gathering crowds on the banks, and there the crew were paid off.
And there the story ends. Monkbarns was sold "foreign", and towed to Corcubion in northern Spain to end her days as a whalers' coal hulk. Eugene Bainbridge abandoned the apprenticeship for which his father had shelled out £42 and never went to sea again. What became of David Morris I cannot tell. Bill Hughes thought he'd gone in to radio in Melbourne. If he ever wrote up his historical sea stories, neither AG Course nor I could find a trace.
Bizarrely, the real thrill-seeker aboard Monkbarns that trip turned out to be the youngest apprentice, 17-year-old Len Marsland of Brisbane. After rounding the Horn in sail, in 1929 he pops up as a member of Sir Douglas Mawson's Australian Antarctic expedition. He worked as a prison guard in Canada, chased the explorer Sir Hubert Wilkins across the Atlantic in an attempt to sign up for his submarine expedition under the polar ice, reappeared in Reykjavik, erecting a signal station, and then back at sea as an officer on an icebound freighter in the Baltic and facing down machineguns in a Russian Black Sea port. Tragically, Marsland's adventurous career was short. While working as a stuntman for Sir Alan Cobham's famous flying circus in 1935 his parachute failed to open. He fell 1,000 feet and died in Esher, Surrey, aged just 27.
Previously: A doctor aboard 1913


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Conceding his party's staggering electoral defeat, President Barack Obama on Wednesday invited President-elect Donald Trump to meet with him to discuss the handover of power from his administration to Trump's.
Obama then urged Americans to accept the result of the election with good faith in a speech in the White House Rose Garden Wednesday afternoon, with Vice President Joe Biden standing at his side.
"We all go forward with the presumption of good faith in our fellow citizens, because that presumption of good faith is essential to a vibrant and functioning democracy," Obama said, in remarks that noted how professional President George W. Bush and his staff were in handing power to him eight years ago.
U.S. & World
He pledged to have his staff follow Bush's example: "We are now all rooting for his success in uniting and leading the country."
The White House said Obama called the Republican in the early hours of the morning to congratulate him on his victory in the presidential campaign, which marked a forceful rebuke by voters to Obama's eight years in office. The two leaders planned to meet Thursday at the White House, where Obama was to update Trump about ongoing planning for the transition.
Obama's speech at the White House was his first public reaction to Trump's victory. Chipper, even joking with Biden, Obama said he was proud of Clinton for the race she ran and told the young people who may be discouraged by the result of the election to "stay encouraged" and not be cynical.
"Everybody is sad when their side loses an election, but the day after, we have to remember that we're all on one team," he said.
Later, he added, "Sometimes you lose an argument, sometimes you lose an election. The path this country is on has never been a straight one, we zig and zag."
For Obama, the act of holding the meeting with Trump is a humbling blow to his legacy and to his hopes for leaving a lasting imprint on the nation's policies. Trump has vowed to rip up much of what Obama accomplished, including his signature health care law, the Iran nuclear deal and a painstakingly negotiated trade deal with Asia.
Obama also called Hillary Clinton after it became clear she'd lost the race. The White House said Obama had "expressed admiration for the strong campaign she waged throughout the country."
It was unclear how substantive Obama's call was with Trump, or how long it lasted, although the White House noted that Obama placed the call from his residence in the White House, rather than from the West Wing.
Trump's campaign manager, Kellyanne Conway, described it as a "warm conversation" and a "gracious exchange." She said Trump had missed the president's original call as Trump was speaking to supporters in New York, then called him back after leaving the stage.
Like Clinton and other Democrats, Obama didn't appear to see Trump's victory coming. As he campaigned vigorously for Clinton in the race's final days, Obama said he was confident that if Americans showed up to vote, they'd choose against electing the billionaire former reality TV star with no formal government experience.
He had also warned supporters in apocalyptic terms that "the fate of the republic" rested on Clinton defeating Trump on Election Day.
Joining Obama in congratulating Trump were Hillary Clinton, who said in an emotional speech her supporters "owe him an open mind and a chance to lead," and both Bush presidents.
George W. Bush, who did not vote for president this year, said in a statement that he called Trump Wednesday and that he and his wife Laura wished the president elect and his family "our very best as they take on an awesome responsibility."
Bush's father, George H.W. Bush also called with congratulations. Spokesman Jim McGrath said said Bush repeatedly "wished Trump 'good luck on your new challenge.'" He wouldn't say how Bush voted.


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WrestleMania XX was promoted with the slogan: "Where it all begins again." After last night's positively abominable pay-per-view broadcast, it is apparent what the 'it' actually means. It means more relentless frustration for wrestling fans as the thoroughly clueless WWE continues on their course of utter self-destruction.
One of the most awful and dullest WrestleManias in recent memory, the anniversary show was a celebration of everything that has led to the wrestling promotion's tailspin in popularity. From the cookie-cutter matches to the lack of storyline continuity, WrestleMania XX did nothing to satisfy long-time fans or to bring new ones into the fold. In fact, it probably served to turn more people off their embarrassingly inferior product which shows no signs of improving in the near future as many of their top superstars are leaving or taking time off from the organization.
The WWE's failure time and time again to deliver when they needed to the most and their total disconnection from their fan base was never more evident than at WrestleMania XX where disappointment reigned supreme. The mediocre bouts all merged into one big, tiresome, draining blur leaving the broadcast with few highlights except for John Cena giving the Big Show two FU's, a tortured Molly Holly getting her haircut, Trish Stratus turning heel and Chris Benoit celebrating his WWE World Heavyweight Title win with Eddie Guerrero.
Though World Championship Wrestling acknowledged Chris Benoit's phenomenal work rate and skill with a World Title victory in 2000 when he defeated Sid Vicious, the WWE played his WrestleMania victory as his first such win. Unfortunately, the messy Triple Threat match with champion Triple H and Shawn Michaels was not even close to the high caliber matches the Canadian Wolverine is used to participating or is known for. Instead of employing some creativity to propagate the one-on-one battles, the bookers were content to engage the knock 'em-out-of-the-ring-for-the-time-being strategy. That decision in itself made the resulting saves so predictable. The first big knock 'em-out-of-the-ring-for-the-time-being move came when in an act of unity, Triple H and HBK double-suplexed Benoit through the Spanish announce team's table.
With Beniot out cold, a posted and bloody HBK taunted HHH in the middle of the ring. Minutes later, HHH would be posted and come up bleeding as well. Out of nowhere, Benoit saved HBK from a HHH Pedigree. HBK would return the favour by giving Benoit Sweet Chin Music as he wrapped up HHH in a Sharpshooter. Benoit would backdrop HBK over the top rope as he went for another superkick. With HBK out of the equation, HHH attempted a Pedigree on Benoit. Benoit reversed it into a Crippler Crossface. After almost fading away entirely, HHH escaped the Crossface only to have it applied again. Triple H tapped out handing Benoit the win.
The heavily pushed Brock Lesnar and Bill Goldberg bout was an unmitigated catastrophe which sparked 'Boooring!' cat-calls throughout Madison Square Garden as fans berated the muscle-bound grapplers for engaging in a five minute staredown. Aware of Lesnar's rumoured intention to quit the WWE after the match, fans chanted 'You sold out!' and sarcastically sang him goodbye. In a rare moment, commentator Jim Ross even acknowledged the Internet gossip on air and termed Lesnar's recent conduct as 'disappointing'. Goldberg and Lesnar locked up in a test of strength several times and traded shoulder block after shoulder block. That monotonous series of maneuvers just enraged fans even more. Goldberg's Spear and Lesnar's F5 gained them two counts. Both argued the counts with special guest referee - 'Stone Cold' Steve Austin. While Lesnar was distracted with Austin, Goldberg landed a Spear and a Jackhammer to put Lesnar away. A frustrated Lesnar flipped off the crowd and was summarily Stunned by Austin. 'Stone Cold' then did the same to Goldberg.
The highly-anticipated return of The Undertaker was in the end just a cruel joke. Fans who had waited months to see Mark Calloway reprise the 'Dead Man' persona that made him famous, were treated to him doing nothing more then Paul Bearer being at ringside and Calloway wearing a black cowboy hat and trench-coat over his 'Biker Taker' attire. All that ludicrous wardrobe did was make him look like a slightly younger and taller version of Terry Funk without the branding iron or lasso. To add insult to injury, the fraud of a 'resurrection' was followed by a recycled, humdrum match against his 'brother' Kane.
The next WWE pay-per-view is BackLash on April 18th


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BACKGROUND IMAGE: iSTOCK/GETTY IMAGES
- FeatureLessons learned from a laptop crash
- FeatureMore Storage 3.0 predictions
- FeatureQuality Awards III: IBM and Sun shine among tape libraries
- FeatureWhat's the best storage budget money you ever spent?
- FeatureArrays score with both file and block storage
- FeatureBlue in the face about green: Editorial
- FeatureBest Practices: Foolproof DR is still a moving target
iSTOCK/GETTY IMAGES
Quality Awards III: IBM and Sun shine among tape libraries
Despite their mechanical components, the reliability of tape libraries ranks high among respondents to our Diogenes Labs-Storage magazine Quality Awards. This year, IBM takes top honors in the enterprise category, while Sun reigns supreme among midrange products.
| Despite their mechanical components, the reliability of tape libraries ranks high among Quality Awards survey respondents.
This year's installment of the Diogenes Labs-Storage magazine Quality Awards for tape libraries revealed a community of largely satisfied users. Last year, no vendor received close to a 6.0 rating from Storage readers; this year's tape libraries survey netted vendors a slew of 6.0-plus scores. On our 1.0-8.0 scoring scale where an 8.0 indicates total satisfaction, a 6.0 is a very good score. Even the lowest overall score in our survey (a 5.93) represents a very solid showing (see "About the Quality Awards," and "Inside this survey," below).
While it's tempting to say there were no losers in our survey, some vendors did better than others. This year, IBM Corp. took top honors in the enterprise category with a 6.29, narrowly edging out Sun Microsystems Inc. (6.27). This was IBM's first win in the enterprise tape library category after placing third the previous two years. In the midrange tape category, the same two vendors lead the pack, but in reverse order: Sun (6.30) and IBM (6.15).
The dynamics of the tape library market contrast significantly with other storage product categories. For example, disk arrays are dynamic and driven by innovation, but tape libraries are fairly stable, a healthy but mature market segment. One consequence of this maturity is consolidation. Since our first survey, ADIC, Exabyte and StorageTek have been acquired. In our first survey, 16 company product lines qualified as finalists in the enterprise and midrange product categories. This number dropped to 12 last year and was just nine this year. Some of this may be explained by the vagaries of survey responses. For example, Spectra Logic Corp. and Qualstar Corp. failed to garner enough responses to be finalists this year (see "Products included in the survey," below).
We attribute this to survey response self-selection, rather than business climate, as both vendors seem to be faring well and increasing revenue.
At a time when seemingly every politician is claiming to be the candidate of change and the comeback kid, in our survey Dell Inc. registered a very impressive comeback over previous years. Having finished in last place (seventh) in the previous survey among midrange tape products, its score soared from 4.98 to 6.12 in the current survey. This improvement was enough to vault the company into third place, only .03 points behind IBM among midrange libraries. Dell's improvement was confirmed by the willingness of users to repurchase its tape products, with responses rising from 63.3% last year to a more respectable 73.5% this year.
For most of the tape library vendors, their scores in our five ratings categories bounced around much more than usual. Although IBM and Sun obviously did well, each was rated both first and last within different categories. No vendor was able to run the table, and no vendor consistently polled last.
Interestingly, the results for the enterprise finalists tracked evenly on almost every statement in this category. Each vendor had its highest rating for "My vendor's sales support team is knowledgeable," and each had its lowest rating for the statement "My vendor's sales rep keeps my interests foremost."
Among midrange tape libraries, Sun topped the group with a 6.13 rating. The scores in this category for midrange products yielded the lowest ratings in our survey. It should be noted, however, that these scores were still very good. IBM also fared well in midrange libraries, coming in second with a 6.09. While Sun had its highest rating for its sales support team (6.44), IBM's midrange sales team had its best score for the statement "My sales rep is knowledgeable about my industry" (6.19). Matching its overall third-place finish, Dell came in third in the sales-force competence category. However, it was the only vendor to be most highly rated for the statement "My sales rep is easy to negotiate with" (6.26). Dell's second highest score was for "The vendor's sales support team is knowledgeable." The combination of a knowledgeable and compliant sales team would seem to bode well for customers considering Dell.
Still, there does seem to be a trend of users taking sales matters into their own hands and making more creative use of the services of vendors' reps. "We do all the homework in advance, and we leverage the pre-sales and the sales folks to help us with generating quotes and bringing out the things that we don't already know about," says Jack Kinsey, AVP, network systems manager at LandAmerica, a real estate services firm in Richmond, VA.
Product features
Similarly, IBM fell to the bottom of the enterprise group in this category, despite being No. 1 overall. IBM users downgraded the product's user interface with a 5.06, but indicated that overall the feature sets of the IBM libraries met their needs (6.45). "That thing is a jewel," says Mississippi Baptist Health Systems' Touchstone of his IBM System Storage TS3500.
Sun users also rated the product's user interface the lowest in the category (5.84) among midrange systems, but are apparently very pleased with its scalability (7.04). Quantum Corp., which placed second in this category, had the highest rated user interface in the group (6.25). Quantum products also received their highest marks for scalability, but its 6.73 fell a bit short of Sun's 7-plus score. When their NEO tape libraries arrived from Overland Storage Inc., Matt Morris said his operations staff got up to speed with them almost immediately.
"They didn't have any issue with it; they knew what to do right away," says Morris, network team lead at Wolverine World Wide Inc., a Rockford, MI-based footwear manufacturer. "I'm pretty impressed."
Although Hewlett-Packard (HP) Co. tied for last overall among midrange products, it leapt to the top in the features category (6.24). Apparently, the aggregate features of HP products are what users like, as they awarded the company a 6.58 for the statement "Overall, this product's features meet my needs."
Bill Davis, director of information technology at Advanced Image Direct in Fullerton, CA, backs up about 1TB every night with his HP tape library. "The library has just continued to perform at top speed regardless of software changes," he says.
Sun's midrange score was dragged down by customers' marks for its user interface (5.29), which offset a very solid score for overall features (6.42). Quantum, which placed second in this category, received its highest rating for "This product is interoperable with other vendors' products" (6.73). Perhaps, not surprisingly, its lowest rating was for user interface (5.54).
Initial product quality
Unlike the product features section, Sun was able to duplicate its winning way among midrange products with a score of 6.48, while Dell jumped to second with a 6.38. Sun had its highest enterprise and midrange category ratings for the statements "I am satisfied with the level of professional service required by this product" and "This product is easy to use." Dell also scored its high mark in this category for the required level of professional services. "It was deployed initially by fairly unfamiliar staff and it ran fine," says LandAmerica's Kinsey of his firm's Dell library, which has since been redeployed with similar results.
The initial product quality section of our survey asks users to respond to the statement "This product delivers good value for the money." This year, the "value king" was Dell with a 6.45 for all products, edging out Sun's 6.44 for enterprise systems and Quantum's 6.33 for midrange systems. Responses to this statement seem to be a bellwether, as IBM didn't do well in this section and scored a 6.22 (enterprise) and 6.06 (midrange) for the value statement.
When respondents were asked to rate the products for "This product meets my service-level requirements," Sun's enterprise products easily topped the field with a 7.0. Despite the excellent scores, 7.0 and higher ratings were rare in this survey. In a related bellwether issue, we pose the statement "This product requires very few unplanned patches." Almost invariably, this statement correlates very closely to the order of finish. This year, Sun's midrange bested all systems with a 7.08 rating. Sun's enterprise systems were also rated highest in this regard (6.57), but were followed very closely by IBM (6.53).
In both classes, reliability scores were generally high, perhaps something of a surprise for such mechanical devices. HP finished fourth in the midrange field, but with a solid 5.84 reliability rating.
"We've had that HP library since 2004--same drives and it's never been down once," says Advanced Image Direct's Davis. "I've been extremely happy with it."
Technical support
Of course, establishing a good and ongoing working relationship with the customer is key to any technical support program.
"The same technical resource engineer who was with us in the StorageTek days is with us now with Sun," says LandAmerica's Kinsey. Meyer at AMP-Ohio reports similar experiences with his IBM System Storage TS3310: "If I need support, I know how to get to it; I know who to call," he says. Ken Sheffield, a project manager who works with MPS Group's Greatti, calls IBM's support engineers "the best of the best."
Sun had the highest rating for midrange products (6.62), followed by IBM (6.55) and Dell (6.08). IBM's midrange score for "The vendor provides service as contractually specified," nearly matched its enterprise score with a 7.08. Sun's best score in this category was a 7.07 for "Vendor's support personnel are knowledgeable." The lowest score for nearly every vendor was for "Vendor provides adequate training."


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Coronary Artery Disease Treatments
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Removal of Blocks to Health, Healing and Wellness
We have defined the major blocks to health improvement which should be considered the number one priority for resolution before one goes on to a more specific healing regimen such as that detailed in the programme above. By removing these blocks one will feel stronger and more prepared for a specific programme and will achieve far greater success with it. Please read this essential article here
The Core Regime
Not all of the remedies listed here will neccessarily be needed. We strive to bring you the most effective remedies to resolve your health problems in the simplest supplemental regime possible. We aim to treat the actual root causes of health problems holistically rather than supply remedies that will give temporary or partial relief from only the symptoms. This has been our mission since the founding of Regenerative Nutrition in 1994. As we uncover more fundamental truths about the causes, and therefore the relief, of diseases and health problems we update and revise our product range and recommendations.
Above, we detail targeted remedy recommendations for Coronary Disease, but we further suggest that you view the core regime article and supplement pages by clicking here
To achieve overall good health and long term resolution of this health problem the remedies selected here should be combined with core regime remedies for the best results.
It may well be that there is some overlap and that many of the remedies in the core regime are listed here also.
If you need any assistance in selecting the most suitable remedies, or have any questions, please Contact Us
Further Reading...
Read our detailed Coronary Disease article
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St. John the Baptist
St. John the Baptist invites you to celebrate Mass with us; Please see the times below. Our pastor, Rev. Francis M. George, is pleased to welcome guests to our parish. We are located in Howell, MI; Directions are available here
Mass times for St. John the Baptist are below. Once again, we welcome you!
Also, be sure to download the St. John the Baptist mobile app. It is a great way to get all the latest news from St. John the Baptist. It is free, and available for both Apple and Android.Rev. Francis M. George
2099 North Hacker Road, Howell, MI 48855
(517) 546-7200
Diocese of Lansing
Rite: Roman-Latin
Mass Times
- Saturday5:00pm
- Sunday8:30am, 11:00am
- Tuesday6:45pm
- Wednesday9:00am
- Thursday9:00am
- Friday9:00am
Other Services
- ConfessionsSat: 4:00pm-4:30pm
Additional InstructionsHacker Road is 2.2 miles west of the intersection of US-23 and M-59.
Current BulletinApr 12, 2020
Bulletin ArchiveApr 5, 2020
Mar 29, 2020
Mar 22, 2020
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