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Alumni Ambassador Program
Want to see the list of current Alumni Ambassadors? Click here.
About the Alumni Ambassador Program
We are seeking volunteer Alumni Ambassadors from across Canada, and in key international recruitment markets around the globe, to help identify and recruit talented high school students. The more active our alumni, the farther the reach of our ability to attract students to our campus.
There are several ways to get involved with the AAP:
- Interviewing
AAP Interviews allow students who are interested in, or have already applied to, Saint Mary's University to meet with a SMU alumnus/a, and learn more about life and academics at Saint Mary's.
- University Fairs
AAP members can represent Saint Mary's at local education fairs in their areas. Alumni find representing SMU at education fairs a fun way to stay connected to their alma mater.
- Speakers
AAP speaking engagements allow alumni to talk about their experiences at Saint Mary's University at various recruitment functions throughout the year or in high school classrooms.
Regardless of your graduation year or program from Saint Mary's University, all SMU alumni are invited to participate as AAP alumni volunteers.
To participate, a Saint Mary's alum must:
- Want to share their enthusiasm and love for Saint Mary's University with others
- Enjoy meeting with prospective students from diverse backgrounds
- Have regular access to the internet and to email
- Be willing to receive emails from applicants to request interviews, information about/invitations to assist at local fairs and events, and information about speaking engagements
General Expectations
- Understand that all Alumni Ambassadors take part in the program on a volunteer basis.
- Participate in a Skype interview with the Alumni & Admissions & Recruitment Departments to determine your fit for the program.
- Participate in a training session (online or in person with one of our recruiters in the field) regarding general recruitment features of Saint Mary's and admission requirements. This training will take approximately 1 hour or less per year.
- Participate in at least 1-2 activities (interviews or events) during the season. Keep in mind that you are welcome to turn down any request that does not fit into your schedule. Also, please know that the number of requests you receive will vary based on the number of applicants and volunteers in your area.
- Respond to student emails within three business days and use an automated "out of office" reply if you cannot check your email for more than 3 consecutive days.
- Keep up to date on Saint Mary's University news and updates via our Alumni newsletter.
- Represent Saint Mary's University in a positive and honest light.
- Treat every prospective student with respect and sensitivity.
- Keep all student information confidential.
- Be encouraging and resourceful, but always refrain from making any commitments or promises of admission.
- When conducting in-person interviews, always use an agreeable public space and include parents in the invitation; never meet in a private office or residence.
- Share your personal experiences about Saint Mary's University and encourage students and families to contact Admissions & Recruitment for more detailed information.
- Send an email to your liaison in Admissions and Recruitment to report on the activities or interviews (and provide your insight/recommendations).
- Please know that you are not required to take part in the program for any specific length of time and may end your involvement in the program at any time if you are no longer able to volunteer as an Alumni Ambassador.
ApplicationTo apply, please complete our online application form
Please do not be disappointed if you are not selected right away. It is likely that we have someone in your region with your background already or have fewer recruitment events and activities in your area at this time.


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Saturday Night Live kicked off its 38th season last night with host Seth McFarlane and musical guest Frank Ocean. Both did a pretty great job! Ocean showcased "Thinkin Bout You" and "Pyramids", from his masterpiece LP Channel Orange. And as expected, he was joined by John Mayer, who provided an extended guitar solo during "Pyramids" — while Ocean played video games (!). You can replay both performances below.
"Thinkin Bout You":

subset: commoncrawl


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|USKSG - May Sketchwalk.
Hosted by Eve, Paul, Vincent & William.
For the month of May, we will be having our sketchwalk within the vicinity of the up-and-coming hipster place of Lavender/Jalan Besar area! We will meet at 9 in the morning, outside Lavender MRT Station, at the space outside of Wendy's (the junk food joint) and thereafter, depart and commence on our own sketch trails at 9.30. After which, we shall meet for our customary show-and-tell in the afternoon at 12.30 under the shelter and outside Jalan Besar Sports Complex, opposite the shophouses along Horne Road.
Lavender, with its once-famous landmark of the Kallang Gasworks (if you are, ahem, grown-up enough to remember) used to be the sewage area of the island during its colonial past. A popular anecdote of how the place got its name, was the colonists, who simply could not withstand the pong around and in the area, so decided to christen the place 'Lavender' – a term associated with perfumery and laundry. Oh, how dry and ironic, the typical British wit.
Jalan Besar was part of Serangoon Road, the main transport artery of the island way back when expressways were unheard of (PIE-what?), and was the stretch what some of our grandparents might refer to as "三马路" [sah-bey-lor (Hokkien); sah-beh-lou (Teochew); sam-mah-lou (Cantonese)].
The place, though not earmarked as a heritage site or for conservation as extensively as Little India itself, has enough history of its own. Many of the area's buildings have been given a new lease of life, conserving its façade through grassroot business projects and businesses. The most prominent cases in point would be Kam Leng Hotel and Chye Seng Huat Hardware.
Otherwise, the spot, which had seen its hey-day in the art-deco 1930s, when New World Amusement park was all the rage, has a brilliant collection of that modern, rectilinear-styled shophouses and buildings.
Now breezing in on the location's second wind, is a whole parade of cafés, lifestyle stores and multi-label boutiques that have lend their hands in creating the quirky, hipster vibe of the place.
Saturday, 31 May, meeting outside Wendy's at Lavender Station (red marker, see picture attachment below), 9AM, commencing at 9.30AM and ending at 12.30PM, outside Jalan Besar Sports Complex (blue marker).
There are neither fees nor attendance taken. While there is no coaching or teaching involved, all drawing-skill levels are welcome. This sketchwalk (like all sketchwalks) is open to everyone and anyone. All you have to do is show up on time.
Lucky draw giveaway contest
Don't forget to join the lucky draw contest sponsored by Parka.


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Guidance and Disclosure
Making money from your blog is a unique experience. Many bloggers take it as supplementary income, others base a whole business plan around it rightfully so. While you want to maximize your earning potential, transparency is crucial – treat readers like friends, with honesty. After all, we are friends, right?
Disclosure: Website Builders is a professional review site that receives compensation from the companies whose products we review. All services have been fully tested and used by our team, all recommendations are based on our experiences. We are an independent company, with our own opinions.
Don't panic, you haven't been betrayed, the above simply means we are a sponsored affiliate with some services we recommend, however:
- We never have, do or will ever suggest a product, service or tool which we haven't tested;
- We ONLY recommend services which we find useful, of worthy quality and most of all within reasonable value;
- By purchasing blogging related services via WebsiteBuilders, you save money on your hosting due to exclusive discounts;
- We do NOT form partnerships with un-reputable, dishonest or unreliable service providers.
Not All Services Are Sponsored
While we do accept the occasional deal from trusted service providers and long-lasting partners, WebsiteBuilders' priority is to remain the go-to website for universal guidance related to blogging in general.
Our content is specifically created to answer your questions, to provide you with a clear roadmap of successfully launching, running and monetizing your blog in an enjoyable manner.
Being an Affiliate means you have the luxury of spoiling your visitors with good quality, free content – just like we do.
Start your journey today, check out our step-by-step guide on launching your own blog.
How Do I Make Money From My Blog?
Making money from your blog can be simplified, as long as the right measures are taken before considering monetization. Tracking links called 'Affiliate Links' can be obtained from service providers, these links track users referred from your blog allowing the providers to reward you for any purchases made.
Prior to proceeding with Affiliate Partnerships, the following are key:
- Ensure your blog is transparent, truthful and honest
- Maximize relevance in terms of topic and niches
- Have a solid, relevant base of visitors (How do I get traffic on my blog?)
- Validate any services you plan to sponsor/advertise
In reality, it's simple. Bloggers often get ahead of themselves by attempting to make money, but it does take time. By following the basic set of preparatory points above, you can maximize your chances of earning some productive revenue.


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SSD Gregarius Hosting
Try Gregarius on SSD-only cloud hosting to get up to 300% better performance.
Most hosting providers use traditional Hard Drives that can be too slow for Gregarius. Solid State Drives gives you up to 300% faster Gregarius performance by reducing the random access time to just 0.1 millisecond. Experience the difference with the 14-day Gregarius demo in the cloud.


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Anna Kendrick Getting Jolly As a Female Santa Claus For Disney Comedy
Posted on Friday, January 13th, 2017 by Ethan Anderton
After setting Kevin Hart to play Santa Claus in a holiday comedy called Dashing Through the Snow, Disney is looking to shake up the traditional image of jolly old St. Nick in another big way.
Anna Kendrick is in talks to star in a holiday comedy currently going by the title Nicole, which revolves around Santa Claus' daughter who is suddenly forced to take over the family business. Find out more about the Anna Kendrick Santa Claus movie after the jump. Read More »


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Five for Friday: Stats the Ravens need to improve next season
Click on the photos above to see which areas the Ravens can get better statistically after missing the playoffs for the third time in four seasons.
C.J. Doon
Copyright © 2019, The Baltimore Sun, a Baltimore Sun Media Group publication | Place an Ad


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Notice is hereby given of the intention of Sligo County Council to close Quay Street and Quay Street Car Park to all vehicular traffic from 8.00 am to 4.00 pm on Sunday 9th July 2017.
Temporary Closing of Roads - Quay Street & Quay Street Car Park
This closure is necessary to facilitate arrangements for the National Day of Commemoration Ceremonies.
Diversions will be via Lower New Street and Fish Quay.
Objections may be made in writing to Mr Tom Brennan, Acting Director of Services, Sligo County Council, County Hall, Sligo before 12 noon on Wednesday 28th June 2017.
Sligo County Council regrets any inconvenience that these closures may cause.
Tom Brennan
Acting Director of Services


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Peter Leigh Gallin is executive Chef and owner of Say Ciao! Creative Catering, and is a devotee to fresh, healthy Northwest regional and International cuisine. He is a graduate of the California Culinary Academy located in San Francisco, California with a curriculum focused on classical French cooking techniques. He has worked as a chef since graduation in 1988, both as a caterer as well as at numerous restaurants. Chef Peter's catering career started in 1990, in Hood River Oregon where he moved to pursue summer windsurfing. At that time he started his catering service and has continued to cater full time since then. He owned his own restaurant, Applewood, for 11 years, closing the doors to downsize to catering only again in 2013.
Chef Peter's philosophy on food is "Simplicity is elegance". Use local ingredients when you can and give your guests approachable food in portion sizes that make for guests to feel comfortable with how they dine. Variety is always all important as well; Chef Peter hopes guests will enjoy a wide array of what is offered, yet at the same time always take into account "picky" eaters. Creating almost everything from scratch is a hallmark of Say Ciao! Creative Catering. A buffet should be bountiful, and be an integral part of the occasion or celebration, as food is life! Chef Peter's cuisine is always varied. Whether he is creating recipes from his classical French cooking background which tends to border on western Mediterranean, or taking a Pacific Rim cant to perhaps utilizing his time spent in the American Southwest for a bit of spice, one can always rely on flavorful and healthful cuisine from Chef Peter!
It's all about the ingredients; finding the right produce, meats, cheeses, herbs and all that is out there to "play" with is what Chef Peter does. Creating new recipes on an almost daily basis keeps Say Ciao's menus fresh, alive and always full of surprises. Be sure to check out Chef Peter's blog for new and exciting news and recipes…
Peter is the son of an anthropologist and a sociologist and is a world traveler who has spent time living in Asia and all over North America, including the East and West Coast, the Deep South, Southwest, the mid-west and Northwest. His past pursuits have included being an avid skier; 14 winters were spent in Colorado, Taos NM and Utah. Windsurfing in Hood River Oregon during the summer rounded out his year. Riding his Ducati motorcycle is his main sporting pursuit. And as he always likes to say: "Simple elegance; deliciously common ingredients."
Wine country ~ Willamette Valley, Oregon


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The work of UZIMA Foundation in the first two months of 2008 has been dominated by the response to the violence that followed the announcement of the 2007 presidential election results which were released after a flawed vote tallying processes. This violence is unprecedented in Kenya which has always been regarded, by the international community as well as by Kenyans, as an oasis of peace in a unstable region of the world. This violence has resulted in people being injured or even killed and property worth billions of shillings destroyed. Large numbers of people, and indeed whole communities, have been affected by the violence with some ending up in Internally Displaced Persons camps across the country.
During the Kenyan crisis, UZIMA Foundation has been working in the Rift Valley province, which was the epic centre of the post election violence, in Western and Nyanza provinces as well as in the heart of Nairobi. Please click here to read a summary of the initial report.
Field office updates will resume next month.


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Carrying on our journey in Banff National Park, we spent the next couple of days seeing the natural wonders the park had to offer.
And there's one aspect that doesn't get any more natural – the wildlife. I was totally obsessed with it out here in Canada as is it on a complete different scale to what you can find in the UK. Chipmunks. Elk. Moose. Deer. Eagles. BEARS.
Yep, you that's right. Bears. And although I did catch a glimpse of a bear last year whilst exploring Yellowstone National Park, a proper bear sighting was still on my bucket list.
Luckily for me I had the opportunity to see them twice whilst exploring Banff.
My favourite is the one below, who sat for a good while picking at berries, totally unbothered by the cars that had slowed down to take a few photos. It was a very rare moment to see something so wild, so up close and personal. And on a main road too!
Next stop: Johnston Canyon. And if you like easy hikes, then this stop is definitely for you.
Although a little long, there are two falls – upper and lower – you can see, both which are pretty incredible. Most of it is a raised boardwalk at the canyon's edge, so you get to watch the bright blue water come tumbling past as you hike up.
If there's one thing I'll always remember about Canada, it's that all it's rivers and lakes seemed to be their own intense colour. Kinda made ours in the UK look a little murky (soz England).
One of the crazy activities lined up for me whilst I was in Canada was white water rafting. We took a two hour trip along Kicking Horse River with Hydra River Guides which sure as hell delivered more than I was expecting!
I have to admit, I was a little hesitant as I'd heard horror stories about sharp rocks and icy cold water. And, well, I don't think I know anyone who jumps at the idea of having to force on a wetsuit.
But I can definitely, hands down, say that it was one my best experiences of the whole trip. It was full of adrenaline and laughter and copious amounts of water splashing around. A little crazy, but something I would fully recommend if you are faced with the opportunity.
A particular highlight was when we spotted a bear and it's cub at the edge of the river, poking out behind some shrubbery. This was our first bear spotting of the trip so the excitement levels were out of the roof.
Now, as for Banff's town centre, it's quite a small little place, but is still bubbling with tourists. And of course, wherever there's tourists – there's souvenir shops. So we spent a good hour or so looking at some cute yet some ridiculous things, whilst picking up a few to take home
We stumbled across a wonderful waffle & frozen yogurt place called Skoki's. This place is very much self serve, with dozens of different toppings ranging from cookie dough pieces to strawberries to gummie bears to scatter over your icecream.
You pay by weight (I think my first pot came to $10 CAD yikes), but was absolutely delicious. So much so that we came back a second time the next day.
Thank you so much for reading. Also, check out my CANADA VLOG.


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Status: Open
Know more about this business than we do? Cool! Please submit any corrections or missing details you may have.Help us make it right
Fun, upbeat, family friendly salon
031680attr:perms218830attr:nailsbeauty salonsmanicurepedicurespas beauty & day
Be the first MLive.com user to add photos or videos of Bellagio Salon
Cute salon. More impressed with my Stylist, Sue. She's done my hair for 10 years. I've tried many other places, but always come back to her. She is the best!
My experience at the salon was great! I went in not knowing what I wanted and the stylist that I had knew just the look for me. The salon itself is a very pleasant place to be.
Rusk Source Salon, Back to Basics, Rusk
Bellagio Salon is located at 3091 30th St Sw in Grandville and has been in the business of Beauty Shops since 2006.


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How do you count words? Ashley Wagner discusses the question as part of our video on the number of words in the English language.
Definición de plata labrada en Español:
plata labrada
- 1
Conjunto de piezas de plata destinadas al uso doméstico, al servicio de un templo, etc.
Further reading
'Compliment' or 'complement': what's the difference?Read more
A lot of people get compliment and complement confused: they're pronounced in the same way and have very similar spellings but they have completely different meanings.
Should you capitalize the word "Internet"?Read more
The question of whether the word internet should be capitalized is so passionately debated and rife with controversy that it has its own Wikipedia article.
14 ways to hugFind out more
We've delved into the Historical Thesaurus of the Oxford English Dictionary to come up with some historical substitutions for hug as a verb.


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This URT recycling machine, the only one of its kind operational in the U.S., is located at ARCA AP in the River Wards, and can recycle one refrigerator per minute. COURTESY OF ARCA AP
The River Wards are known for their historic industrial areas. But few people know that today, in a little-known corner of the community off the Delaware River, one of the perhaps most advanced recycling technologies on the continent is in use.
Near Frankford Creek on the border of Port Richmond and Bridesburg is a company with a URT recycling system — the only one of its kind in North America. It's an extremely efficient refrigerator-recycling device.
The URT recycles one refrigerator a minute. URT stands for UNTHA Recycling Technology. UNTHA is the name of the company that sells these devices, and was founded by Austrian inventor Anton Unterwurzacher. In Europe, use of URT is much more common due to stricter environmental standards. But in North America, where standards are looser, only ARCA AP has one.
According to Brian Conners, president and chief operating officer of Appliance Recycling Centers of America Advanced Processing (ARCA AP), other methods of refrigerator recycling don't even come close to what the 40-foot-tall URT can do.
"Every material that we recycle, and that ultimately is repurposed, finding its way into something new again, is material that didn't have to be mined from the earth or manufactured from raw materials," Conners said. "It's a tremendous energy and resource saver."
Standard refrigerator recycling involves separating and recycling just the scrap metal, and sending everything else to a landfill, Conners said. That can include glass, plastic, and large quantities of insulating foam.
But at ARCA AP, thanks to the URT, even those products are recycled. The URT helps make the tough-to-recycle foam into pellets that can be used as fuel as well as to help make concrete. Up to 95 percent of the foam in a refrigerator can be recycled, far reducing the waste left over from other methods of refrigerator recycling.
The ultimate goal is that zero waste from appliances ever goes into landfills, Conners said.
Since its inception in 2009, ARCA AP has recycled 500,000 appliances a year. The facility is located near the Delaware River off of Headley Street and North Delaware Avenue. The busy plant is packed with appliances that are run through the URT or recycled using other technologies.
"An estimated 50 million appliances are recycled in the U.S. ever year, so it never ends," Conners said.
The top recycled items at ARCA AP are the same as the top-selling appliances in the country — fridges, washers, driers, and ranges for gas stoves, but they also accept air conditioners and microwaves, devices that can release harmful products into the environment if not recycled properly.
Unfortunately, most people don't know that their appliances could be recycled more efficiently, Conners said. According to General Electric, 90 percent of refrigerators in the U.S. are shredded for their metal with the rest of the waste diverted to a landfill.
Some companies will buy back used, inefficient refrigerators that emit more greenhouse gases from customers in the U.S., and then re-sell them in developing countries, so they just continue to pollute in a new location, Conners said.
Right now, ARCA AP's clients include General Electric, the city of Philadelphia, nearby municipalities, and any group that holds an e-cycling event. Another client is the country of Bermuda, which sends its appliances to Philadelphia to be recycled.
But ARCA AP also accepts drop-offs from the public, for free, as a courtesy service, if you can transport your air conditioner or refrigerator by yourself to their plant on 4301 Delaware Ave.
In fact, they are currently encouraging more recycling from the public, through community-organized electronics recycling days.
ARCA Inc., ARCA AP's Minnesota-based partner, recently launched gorecyclenow.com, a website designed to connect members of the public and community groups that want to organize recycling days with ARCA AP and other similar facilities around the country. ••
To learn about how your community can hold an appliance recycling day with free pick-up by ARCA AP, visit www.gorecyclenow.com.
For more information about ARCA AP, visit www.arcaap.com.
Contact Reporter Sam Newhouse at 215–354–3124 or email@example.com.


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Hair loss, natural ways and homemade remedies in order to achieve hair recoverySubmitted by blondie
Hair loss is something that many people go through as they begin to age. tends to be inherited although there can be other causes such as stress, iron deficiency or an under active thyroid.
Most people assume that only men suffer from hair loss, but nothing could be further from the truth. Although it is basically true with regards to hereditary hair loss, millions of women around the world suffer from some form of hair loss and these numbers appear to be rising each year.
How you prevent hair loss or increase hair growth varies, but using alternative medicine and natural homemade remedies has become increasingly popular. It's safer, more efficient, and can save you money all at the same time.
Hair loss Statistics
Hair loss affects about 35 million men and 21 million women in the United States alone.40% of men have noticeable hair loss by age 35 and 65% by age 60.
Description of Hair Loss
Each hair grows in cycles—it grows, rests, and then falls out. Usually, this cycle repeats approximately yearly. At any time, about ninety percent of a person's scalp hair is growing, a phase that lasts between two and six years. Ten percent of the scalp hair is in a resting phase that lasts between two and three months. At the end of its resting stage, the hair goes through a shedding phase.
Shedding 50 to 100 hairs a day is considered normal. When a hair is shed, it is replaced by a new hair from the same follicle located just beneath the skin surface. Scalp hair grows about one-half inch a month.
Hair is made up of a form of protein, the same material that is found in fingernails and toenails. Everyone, regardless of age, should eat an adequate amount of protein to maintain normal hair production. Protein is found in meat, chicken, fish, eggs, some cheese, dried beans, tofu, grains, and nuts.
Abnormal hair loss can be due to many different causes, but about 50 percent of the population experience normal hair loss by the time they reach 50. People who notice their hair shedding in large amounts after combing or brushing, or whose hair becomes thinner or falls out should consult a dermatologist.
Causes and Risk Factors of Hair Loss
Basically, your hair loss is due to your genetic make up. Your thinning hair is not due to anything you have done, whether wearing too many hats, washing your hair too much or too little or any other hair loss myths. Alopecia or hair loss is primarily genetic and is referred to as "Androgenetic Alopecia" in the medical community.
Your hair's future is largely determined before you're even born. Your follicles have been genetically programmed as to when, where and how much baldness (if any), you'll experience in your lifetime. But the fate of your hair can be altered or compensated for with modern hair loss treatments.
A number of other causes might be identified. These include:
- Childbirth. When a woman is pregnant, her hair continues to grow. The usual 50 to 100 hairs per day are not shed. However, after she delivers her baby, many hairs enter the resting stage of the hair cycle at once. Within two to three months after delivery, these hairs may all fall out together and be seen as large amounts of hair coming out in their brushes and combs.
- High fever, severe infection, major surgery, significant life stressor. From four weeks to three months after a person has a high fever, severe infection, major surgery, or significant life stressor such as death in the family, he or she may be shocked to see a lot of hair falling out. This condition usually corrects itself but may require treatment.
- Thyroid disease. Both an overactive and underactive thyroid can cause hair loss. The hair loss associated with thyroid disease can be reversed with proper treatment.
- Inadequate protein in diet. Some vegetarians, people who go on crash diets that exclude protein, and those with severely abnormal eating habits, may develop protein malnutrition. When this happens, a person's body will help to save protein by shifting growing hairs into the resting phase. Massive hair shedding can occur two to three months later. Hair can then be pulled out by the roots. This condition can be reversed by eating the proper amount of protein.
- Medications. Prescription drugs can cause temporary hair shedding in a small percentage of people. Examples of such drugs are blood thinners, some drugs used to treat gout and arthritis, acne, or psoriasis, and some medications for heart problems.
- Cancer treatment drugs. Most drugs used in chemotherapy will cause hair cells to stop dividing. Hair shafts become thin and break off as they exit the scalp. This can occur one to three weeks after beginning chemotherapy. The patient may lose all of his hair, but this will usually re-grow after treatment ends.
- Birth control pills. Women who lose their hair when taking birth control pills usually have an inherited tendency towards hair thinning.
- Low serum iron. Iron deficiency sometimes produces hair loss. Low iron can be detected by laboratory tests and corrected with iron pills.
- Alopecia areata. In this type of hair loss, hair usually falls out, resulting in totally smooth, round patches about the size of a coin or larger. This disease may affect children, women or men of any age.
- Androgenic alopecia. This is the most common type of hair loss and is often called "male- or female-pattern baldness". The hair usually thins out first in the front of the scalp and moves progressively to the back and top of the head. It tends to be progressive. This type of hair loss also runs in families.
- Infections. Ringworm, or tinea capitus, is a common fungal infection in children. Patches of hair may be lost and replaced with pink scaly skin.
Hair loss treatments or recovery methods
If hair loss is caused by a temporary situation such as medication, stress or insufficient iron, however, however, the hair loss will stop when its cause ends. Hair loss due to infection may require oral antibiotics or antifungals. Alopecia areata can be treated with injections of steroids such as triamcinolone into the area. For all of the causes, early treatment works the best.
Over the past decade in particular, treatments for hair loss have made huge advances. Hair loss medication like Propecia (finasteride), Avodart (dutasteride), and to a lesser degree topical treatments like Rogaine often can stop or even reverse hair loss in most people.
However, neither Propecia nor Rogaine has been proven to restore hair in the frontal areas. Only hair restoration surgery has been successful in restoring hair in the frontal hairline area once it has been lost.
Done right, hair transplants are so natural that even a hair stylist cannot detect that a person has had a hair transplant. The days of the "corn row" or "Barbie doll" hair transplant are long gone.
Hair replacement systems or "hair systems" have also improved and become more refined. Those who are extensively bald and want to restore a full looking head of hair may find a hair replacement system to be appropriate.
There are also topicals, such as sprays and applications, which can do a surprisingly effective job of giving a person the appearance of having a much fuller head of hair.
Finally, but not less important, are the natural treatments, from accupuncture to homemade remedies. We'll discuss them in detail below.
Each hair loss treatment has its advantages and disadvantages. We believe in empowering you with the tools and assistance to explore and evaluate all your treatment options. Ultimately the best hair loss treatment is the one that works best for you.
During the late 70's and early 80's it was discovered that minoxidil, used as a heart medication, had hair growing side effects. Minoxidil was tested for use as a topical scalp treatment for hair loss and proved to inhibit hair loss in many test subjects.
It has proven to be effective to some degree in slowing the hair loss process. For a minority of people it can even grow back lost hairs in the crown area (back of the head). However, Rogaine (minoxidil) does not slow or reverse the balding process in the frontal hairline area.
Rogaine is typically applied topically on the scalp twice a day, morning and evening. But once usage is discontinued the hair loss which had been inhibited will resume and the hair that was saved will be lost.
Rogaine originally required a prescription, but in 1995, it became available in 2% strength Rogaine over-the-counter. Today, men and women can buy 5% strength lotion over-the-counter as Rogaine or as generic minoxidil.
To date Rogaine (minoxidil) and Propecia (finasteride) are the only hair loss medications with FDA approval. Propecia's active ingredient, finasteride, was originally used to treat enlarged prostate glands. It was discovered that, like minoxidil, it had the "side effect" of stopping male pattern baldness and for some even regrowing hair.
Propecia is taken as a pill once daily and acts to inhibit the body's ability to create dyhydrotestosterone or "DHT". DHT acts as the active ingredient or catalyst in the balding process.
Today topical hair loss products such as special shampoos, conditioners, Rogaine, various scalp treatments, and cover up products can offer a potentially helpful adjunct to more effective and proven treatments such as Propecia, Avodart, and or surgical hair restoration. However, many of the claims made by these topical treatments are unproven and even false.Examples of these procts are:
- Rogaine (Minoxidil) – Applied twice daily to the balding areas, this treatment has only been shown to work in the crown (back of the head). It is the only topical treatment for hair loss that is FDA approved.
- DHT Blockers – These topical such as Revivogen, Crinagen, Progesterone Creams, and Xandrox claim to minimize the amount of dyhydrotestosterone (DHT) present in the balding scalp. They are applied directly to the scalp.
- Growth Stimulators – These topicals claim to work by stimulating hair growth. They include Rogaine, Tricomin, Folligen, Proxiphen (along with Prox-N andNano Shampoo) and Retin-A.
- Superoxide Dismutase – These topicals such as Tricomin, Proxiphen, Proxiphen-N and Folligen, claim to treat hair loss by reducing Super Oxide and also stimulating growth and reducing tissue inflammation.
- Anti-Inflammatories – These anti-inflammatory treatments claim to reduce itching, flaking, redness, and inflammation that may increase hair loss. These topical treatment options include Tricomin, Folligen, Proxiphen and Proxiphen-N, Betadine and T-Gel and Nizoral Shampoos.
- Cover Ups – Topically applied scalp/hair cover ups like Toppiks, Prothik, and Couvré can do a surprisingly good job of masking and minimizing a person's appearance of being bald. These "cover ups" act by reducing the contrast between a hair loss sufferer's thinning hair and balding scalp, while increasing the volume and fullness of the thinning hair.
Natural Ways to restore hair
Acupuncture to the scalp is regarded as a safe and painless way to reduce and regain hair loss. With acupuncture to the scalp, the goal is to increase the blood flow to the head. By increasing the blood flow, the damaged cells in the head and scalp will repair. As damaged cells repair, the growth of new cells can take rise. As you may have guessed, the growth of new cells increases the likelihood of new hair growing.
Although not everyone is willing to stick needles in their body to heal a specific area, acupuncture has become widely accepted throughout society. Aside from being a complimentary hair loss treatment, it can also be used to release tension and help relax muscles throughout your body.
The search for natural alternatives to treat hair loss aims to find alternatives for conventional pharmacological measures, since these often have extreme side effects. One of these alternatives is homeopathy – it can be termed a natural route because this medicinal system utilizes distillations of organic substances. Homeopathy has several treatment modes for addressing hair loss. A qualified homeopath's arsenal of remedies includes fluoric acid, lycopodium, kali carbonicum, kali sulphuricum, natrum mur, phosphorus, selenium and tissue salts. What a homeopath actually prescribes depends on the problem's nature and severity.
Results from the homoeopathic approach can take a longer time, but they are very often dramatic. Effective treatment of hair loss with homeopathy depends on accurate dilution ratios. In other words, it is not a 'do-it-yourself' option.
Aromatherapy has been used successfully by some people to treat thinning hair and bald patches. The aroma blend is massaged into the scalp for two minutes each night, and then the scalp is wrapped in a towel, to increase absorption of these oils.
The essential oils suitable for treating alopecia include ylang ylang, roman chamomile, rosemary, lemon, lavender, grapefruit, and bay. Try this blend of oils:
- 3 drops of lavender
- 3 drops of rosemary
- 2 drops of thyme
- 2 drops of Atlas cedar wood
You can't put essential oils directly onto the skin or scalp, they have to be mixed in a carrier oil. Use a half a teaspoon of jojoba oil and 4 teaspoons of grapeseed oil. Mix them all together and rub this mixture into your scalp for at least two minutes. Use a warm towel to wrap your head in afterwards. Not only does it feel relaxing, but it helps the oils absorb.
Natural remedies
- Aloe Vera: Indians, Native Americans and Caribbeans have used Aloe Vera to promote healthy hair and prevent hair loss since ages. Aloe Vera balances the pH of the scalp and heals from within. It is also helpful in cleansing the pores. A general remedy of Aloe Vera gel with coconut milk and small amount of wheat germ oil used as a shampoo has shown great benefits. Aloe Vera surely helps you stop hair loss.
- Jojoba:If you are affected with hair problems like eczema, psoriasis, dandruff or seborrhea you are requested to use jojoba oil. Native Americans and Mexicans have used jojoba oil for centuries to prevent hair loss and to control dandruff. Jojoba oil works well for hypoallergenic skin, as is a good moisturizer. This is one of the best hair loss treatment products.
- Henna:Henna is a traditional Indian herb, which is a good natural conditioner and works great as hair loss treatment product. It heals hair shaft by sealing the cuticle and repairing, stops breakage and restores the silky-shiny effect of your hair.
- Capsicum – It stimulates hair growth by 50% and increases flow of blood to the scalp. This herb is effective in preventing hair loss.
- Lemongrass – This herb helps stabilizing oil product in the scalp. It also provides nourishment to the hair. You can use oil of lemongrass for massage as well.
- Dong Quai – Formation of DHT is the main cause of hair loss. Dong Quai contains phytoestrogens, which reduces the formation of DHT. Hence, Dong Quai is believed to be helpful in hair loss.
Homemade remedies and tips
- Tame your frizzy hair by rubbing coconut oil into your hands and applying sparingly onto your hair. You don't want to overdo it – too much will make your hair look greasy. Shampooing your hair less frequently also helps with the frizzies. Excess shampooing strips natural oils from the hair.
- Rinse your hair with baking soda and water to rid your hair of shampoo build-up and styling residues. Rinsing your hair with one juiced lemon and one cup of water is said to bring life and shine back to dull hair. Apple cider vinegar mixed with water will give your hair shine and bounce.
- Add essential oil of ylang ylang to your shampoo, conditioner and styling agents as a hair rejuvenator and to stimulate hair growth. Add patchouli to your shampoo if you have oily hair.
- Rosemary is an effective hair tonic and conditioner. Rosemary also helps retain color especially in dark hair.
- Chamomile and lemon juice have a mild bleaching effect on hair. Mix chamomile tea with lemon juice and use as a rinse to lighten hair.
- For problems with dandruff, add rosemary and/or patchouli essential oils to your shampoo or mix with almond oil as a hair treatment for your scalp.
- For hair loss, add horseradish oil, cedarwood, clary sage, and/or rosemary oil to your shampoo. Also, Vitamins B, C, F, zinc, iron, copper and protein are essential for hair growth. MSM (Methyl Sulfonyl Methane) is a natural source of organic sulfur good for treating hair loss. Take MSM supplements or eat high sulfur content greens such as kale and watercress.
- Drinking plenty of water and eating plenty of raw fruits and vegetables is probably the best way to achieving healthy hair. What goes into your body is reflective on the outside including your hair.
It is recommended that you consult an expert to know which hair loss treatment product is suitable for you.
Sources: buzzle.com, healthscot.com, hairlosslearningcenter.org
Related links:
Hairstyles Picture – Find Hair Styles Gallery for various styles and haircuts with pictures and tips.


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[email protected] disorder is an addiction where the victim has no control over their [email protected] desires. Just like an alcoholic craves his drink, a [email protected] addict craves [email protected] These people usually do not feel any form of connection with their partner and when the act is over they tend to feel lonely. This is a disorder that progresses in time.
In the beginning, it seems to be harmless. But, the scariest part of this is that it can lead to rape. So, [email protected] addicts do not only harm themselves, but also others surrounding them. Sexual disorders are more than just an unusual [email protected] drive. They are an actual disorder that has its own causes and that needs treatment.
This is why it is very important that we know all the signs and symptoms, so we can help the ones who are suffering from it. Anyways, there are several signs that that show that a person might be suffering from a [email protected] disorder.
They are masturbating too much. It is not a secret that everyone masturbates. But, when it comes to these people they overdo it. Someone who is addicted to [email protected] will masturbate anytime, especially when they are having phone [email protected] or watching p0rn. Masturbating too much is unhealthy and a characteristic of people who suffer from [email protected] addiction.
Their life is revolved around [email protected] All these people think about is when they are going to have their next [email protected] Whatever they say or do is related to [email protected]
Sex eventually become their life. If you notice that someone is having these problems, then they are most probably [email protected] addicts.
Frequent use of online and phone [email protected] services and watches p0rnography. This means that for these people [email protected] means life and they are definitely addicts. They frequently watch p0rnography and contents related to [email protected], and use online [email protected] services.
They are infidel. Sex addicts do not only limit themselves in having [email protected] only with their significant others. They usually tend to have extramarital affairs or more than one [email protected] partner, and if this progresses they end up hiring prostitutes to satisfy their [email protected] needs.
They remain emotionally detached from their [email protected] partners. All they want is [email protected] They don't like to be emotionally involved with their [email protected] partners. Once the act Is done, they do not care anymore.
They frequently indulge in paraphilias. Paraphilias include activities, such as: masochism, voyeurism, or paedophilia. They are all a sign that the person suffers from [email protected] disorder.
They are obsessed about [email protected] partners they can never have [email protected] with. We are all attracted to something that we know is hard for us to get. But when this becomes an obsession, then it is not so beautiful. People addicted to [email protected] start stalking the people they know they can never be with, and spy on them. Sometimes the situation gets even more serious when these addicts actually [email protected] assault these people, and this is very dangerous for both the parties.
They engage in [email protected] behavior which is against their moral values. These [email protected] behaviors include paraphilias, extramarital affairs, or having [email protected] with strangers. This is a big indicator that this person might be a [email protected] addict. This is more shocking for those people who abide by very strong family values or who are very religious (devout Muslim, Christian, or Catholic). They go against their morals and beliefs just to fulfil their [email protected] desires and fantasies, even though they know that what they are doing is totally wrong.
They cannot stop no matter how much they want to. This is one of the major and most important signs. They know that what they are doing is not normal. They just cannot stop, no matter how much they try to. Sex addiction is the same as every other addiction. These people need help.
If someone you know exhibits one or more of these signs, then chances are that they are suffering from a [email protected] disorder. You should immediately call a therapist and leave an appointment for them.
Sex addicts need you to notice since it is not always easy to talk about topics like this. Sex addiction can be treated and if everything goes right then the person can start a normal and healthy life pretty soon.
The road to recovery is never easy, but with support and a good treatment plan, everything Is going to be better. It is going to be hard, but totally worthy in the end.


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Volunteer Opportunities
When you volunteer at Walden, you create opportunities for children and youth to develop the relationships and skills they need to succeed in family, school, and community life.
We welcome volunteers with a variety of backgrounds and skills, and thank you for building a better quality of life for children and youth in our community.
Volunteer Opportunities
- Copy and organize existing files, maintain monthly excel spreadsheets, record maintenance in accounting software.
- Database management, scanning and filing past event records, and special event projects as assigned.
- Human Resources. Filing, scanning, copying, and projects as assigned.
- Special Events. Support planning and coordination for all fundraising events, including vendor, auction items and sponsorship solicitation, and ticket sales for Walden's signature fundraiser Wine D'Vine.
When you are ready, please send the completed volunteer agreement and a copy of your resume to Teresa Stivers.
Donate by Check
Please make checks payable to:
Walden Family Services
Mailing address:
Walden Family Services
Attn: Development
8525 Gibbs Drive, Suite 100
San Diego, CA 92123
Contact Information
Kathryn Stephens
Director of Philanthropy
(619) 727-5897
Teresa Stivers
(619) 727-5881


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email@example.com | Phone: 7208085504 | WhatsApp: 8928096914
Sale price
Rs. 709.00
Regular price
Rs. 1,599.00
Jet setting across the globe for work or pleasure is always fun. Losing your valuables while you're away, at an airport or hotel can be the most painful thing ever. Though hotel rooms offer safes, not everything fits inside or if you're working at your desk, why go through the pain of hibernating your computer and shoving it in everytime you wanna step out.
In a world of technical genius, protection of our possessions gets portable just like most of our gadgets and gear have now. Our Travel Lock with Alarm shrieks an applaud worthy 100 dB siren just about as loud as a jet engine, when the lock is attacked, moved or cable is cut.
This mini edition of the lock alarm is a portable light weight 100 grams unit with a 60 cm retractable cable that fits in the palm of your hand. It works like a number lock built-in with intelligent multi-sensor that comes well in handy when you're on the go. Use it to secure your bags while you travel or your sports gear when you're outdoors.
This mighty mini lock also includes a laptop adapter to secure your laptop against theft. Simply lock it to any object and arm the sensor to set yourself at ease while you stretch your legs or take a walk. The loud buzzer goes off if any attempt to lift your laptop is made. Making it great for students or business jet setters. Which is why our travel lock with alarm is mighty good at being vigilant of your much loved belongings.
Ships in 1 business day


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Explore Further◄ Browse by Call Number ►
Subject Headings
The team of rogues and renegades forced into government service carries on in this collection from the series, which continues to excel among the New 52 rebooted universe. Bringing the Joker in takes things down a very dark path, in a series that's already a dark path. The creative team have a good handle on the series.
You know what? The original 80s Suicide Squad (the one written by John Ostrander) is in the system. Go check that out instead. If you must read something more recent, go buy Copra. Or anything that's not this diabetic lesion of a series, really.
There are no ages for this title yet.
There are no summaries for this title yet.
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Hot Air Ballooning Alice Springs
Set in the remote desert, this is a quality, fun and safe ballooning experience that can be enjoyed by people of all ages and fitness levels.
The tour operator will pick you up from your accommodation in Alice Springs. From there it will short 15 minute drive to the desert launch site where you will get to know the crew as they do their pre-launch weather analysis.
The balloons will then be inflated just before the sun begins to rise over the rugged MacDonnell Ranges in the background.
Once you get up in the air, you will be floating over a vast remote area on the Australian Outback with wildlife including big red Kangaroos making their way through the grasses, scrub and cattle stations beneath you.
After the decent and landing you are more than welcome to give a helping hand deflating the below – which most people find enjoyable. This is also a great photo opportunity.
You will then be taken to an outdoor setting for a freshly cooked 4 course breakfast followed by sparkling wine and tropical fruit juice cocktails.
There will also be an opportunity for you to purchase photographs taken earlier in the morning by the crew.
From there you will be transported back to your accommodation, the airport or another tour if needed be.
Please allow up to 4 hours from pick up to return. Times may vary depending on sunrise and sunset.
This tour includes transfer to and from your accommodation or to the airport after the tour has been completed.
Flight Certificate
You will also be provided with a commemorative flight certificate.


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Because until recently it dealt only with forks and different types of accessories, doesn't mean that Zoom can't up its game. The proof lies in the HB850, the manufacturer's first hydraulic disc brake, which we didn't exactly cut any slack during testing.
With a lever shape like that, the HB850 instantly reminds us of older Shimano models, or even some of Hayes's past products, the oil reservoir tank sitting perpendicularly on the handlebar, featuring an easy to undo top. We soon realised that these brakes weren't conceived for extreme riding, mainly by looking at the less than ergonomical shape of the levers. However, you can adjust the distance between the grips and lever thanks to a screw, which is a real bonus considering this price class.
Even though Zoom picked the right colors for the levers, it didn't use the best possible materials at all, and neither did it pay to much attention to details and finishing touches. As for performances, the HB850 are very similar to Tektro's Mota HDC-300 and Draco, even managing to top them in terms of braking power. But you won't be able to control very well this power since modulation virtually doesn't exist, so you'll have to do with an on/off type of brake. Of course, on longer descents fading occurs, which we expected given the level of the HB850, which were probably designed to be efficient in uncomplicated situations like forest trails or light mountain ones. And you might want to keep in mind the fact that we used the brakes coupled with a pair of Shimano XTR Ice Tech rotors, which surely enhanced their performances.
Better than Tektro's correspondent models, the Zoom HB850s also include an unbeatable price, with performances that are specific to the price range. As for our own take on them, we see these brakes as excellent upgrades from mechanical disc brakes because they simply offer beter braking at a not so big price difference.
Weight: 473 grams


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Sa Pa: Day One
This is what Sa Pa looks like:
And this is all we could see today:
Thick fog. Also freezing cold and raining from time to time. It's kind of our fault, this is the low season for a reason. Also, we have been looking at the weather for the last few days and knew that it was not good. Sa Pa gets 160 days of fog per year according to the wiki article and most of those probably occur during the winter.
So we have wandered around the town. Visited tea shops. Browsed the net a bit (Facebook access for the first time in over 3 weeks). And not really done much else.
Tomorrow we have a tour booked. Drive for a few miles then walk about 6 miles to another village. Look around the village. Then drive back. Sounds OK. If we had better visibility it would be great, but should be good even if we can only see very close up.
Another bonus is our room now has a heater. With it on full blast for 3 hours the room is starting to feel warmish.


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- Review
- Open Access
Treading & threading memories: a personal encounter with forest and people in Southern Venezuela
- Egleé L Zent1Email author
© Zent.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2013
- Received: 30 July 2013
- Accepted: 2 August 2013
- Published: 6 August 2013
This brief essay, which represents the third editorial of the series "Recollections, Reflections, and Revelations: Ethnobiologists and their First Time in the Field", captures a few memories of the author's first fieldwork in the Venezuelan rainforest. It is a collage of objects, subjects, feelings, spaces, and events that pendulate in spheres of meaning straddling between the author's identities as both a student and a woman. The author's evocations of fifteen years ago are diluted in lasting reflections about what could be ethnoecology embraced by spaces of interactions and associations between organisms and their surroundings.
Este breve texto, que representa el tercer editorial de la serie "Recuerdos, Reflexiones y Revelaciones: Etobiólogos y su Primera Salida de campo", atrapa algunos recuerdos del primer trabajo de campo del autor en la selva amazónica venezolana. Constituye un entramado de objetos, sujetos, sentimientos, espacios y sucesos que pendulan en esferas de significados cabalgando entre las identidades del autor como estudiante y como mujer. Las evocaciones del autor de hace 15 años se diluyen en reflexiones que perduran acerca de lo que podría ser etnoecología abrazada por espacios de interacciones y asociaciones entre los organismos y sus entornos.
- Ethnoecology
- Ethnobotany
- Fieldwork
- Amazon
- Jotï
- Amerindian
- Evocations
Ethnoecology entrapped me by its fascinating eclectic and transdisciplinary qualities. Not just theoretical and applied initiatives are inherently articulated in ethnoecology, but also different epistemologies, events and life encounters, such as evocations [1]. These traits manifest themselves in the dynamics of selecting interesting problems, hypotheses and methods. Even the utterance of what ethnoecology means takes more than a few words when someone raises the simple question: what do you do? In a nutshell, ethnoecology was for me a good pretext to live a text and appreciate the contexts of how people and their environments interrelate. This paper hopes to provide a text about the context that gave meanings to my pretext to live among the Jotï, an Amerindian group of about 1000 persons scattered in Amazon and Bolívar States of the Venezuelan rainforest ([2, 3] see http://ivic.academia.edu/Zent). Due to space limitations, here I explore just three key issues: (1) articulation of personal and academic life; (2) alterity, in a biocultural setting very different from where I was raised; and (3) relativity of notions, values and principles.
June 1994
An unpassable rapid flanked by huge trees impeded our transit and forced us to end totally the fluvial trip (Figure 3). It was good to walk. Entering the forest was like an open fresh Cathedral protecting our skin from the strong sun and embracing our steps. But we were totally lost. It was then, soon after we realized we had been walking around in circles when Jtob á appeared alone. He was tall and except for a loincloth and a few beaded necklaces, he was naked. His body's profile, salient over the many tones of greens, daunted us. However, his big smile announced his friendly disposition. His feet were engraved in our memory: they were prominent, strong and curved inward, just as if they had been designed as perfect climbing tools. We tried our best to ask Jtob á to take us to his house. Months later we understood that he explained the best he could that we were taking the wrong trail. Probably he saw us since the day before and realized our ineptness as forest trekkers. He arrived at his community at nighttime after walking in circles for at least 4 hours.
The first impression I had of the Jotï has persisted until today: gentle, smiling, resourceful, sensitive and determined people. The strong impact that their forest made on me has also remained. Both trigger my years of fieldwork, furthermore with increased knowledge of the forest and people of Maigualida augmented my admiration and respect for them; also my awareness of the huge range of differences among us humans as well as our likenesses.
This first trip lasted five weeks. Although we were lost much of the time, and disoriented among tiny rivers and huge trees, we managed to visit around 10 Jotï communities in different types of floral communities. We decided to write a project that allowed us to go back to the Maigualida: Quantitative Ethnobotany and Behavioral Ecology of the Jotï Indians of the Circum-Maigualida, Amazonas and Bolívar States, Venezuela. After getting the permits and some research grants, we started our ethnoecological fieldwork in 4 communities located in different ecological and social settings which were separated by 3-8 days of foot travel from each other. Further explorations, data collection and learning of the language was initiated in May of 1996. The range of similarities and differences were fascinating but also challenging. We were confronted with the task of making "scientific" order out of the apparent chaotic vastness of both ecological and socio-cultural settings.
May 1996
It happened during a season of heavy rains. We had been trekking in an exceptionally closed canopy and hilly rain forest in Sierra Maigualida with two Jotï brothers, J a ni Jl a do and A b a do. We had met them a few days before and they agreed to take us to meet some of their relatives. Many shades of green covered our days and nights like an unbroken mat. We had not had a clear view of the sun or the sky for four days. Denseness weaved in an endless intensity of greens dwelling in such a huge diversity of plant life-forms stroked my eyes with a wonderful appeal. Tiny open spots filtered here and there little patches of light glowing into the tangled understory. Tall, straight, leaning, wide, twisted, curled, soft or hard stems and branches of trees, vines, shrubs, treelets and herbs, puffed-up to grasp the meager amount of sun that entered the forest. Greens were halted irregularly by colorful caterpillars, mushrooms and elaborate flowers, notoriously the brightly bracteolate bromeliads and orchids. Sneakily, heavy drops ofwater fell incessantly on each form, including us. Sun and water calibrate prominent dynamics in the Amazon letting unique lifestyles to be set into motion in the forest. Life takes on so many colors and profiles in the forest that biodiversity seems endless. Such a setting makes us, humans, just one of millions of material structures of existence. A very humble feeling is a constant mood in this setting. Humility reminds us constantly about our fragility and interdependence, in essence about our role in a chain of direct interrelationships with different species of which we are just consumers, unable to survive without recourse to many producers. Human interactions in the forest can be creative or deleterious, diverse and consistent.
The sudden appearance of massive light hurt my eyes. The sun's rays entered the water reflecting vigorous life. A gorge appeared in plenitude. Misty low clouds levitated over the water in a continuum of states of liquid-vapor in a single essence. We could see the sun and the sky for the first time after four days. The tree's stockades came to an end abruptly on both sides of the river's bank. The bluest sky was competing in intensity with the reverberation of the water's rapids. A band of yellow, blue and red macaws described a twisted arc on their sonorous playful fly contrasting with so much blue now. Big grey rocks covered with moss, lichens and fungi, stood out solid rather timid?, against the strength of the water, which permeated the atmosphere. A strong scent of humidity fluttered around. Away from some minutes?, I could feel how my body was penetrated by scents, sounds and lights seemly forever.
The beauty of the place minimized the real death threatening moment that we were about to experience. The trail was not halted by the river. Rather, in order to keep going ahead on our hike, we had to cross a log that had been cut down and stretched from one ledge of the gorge to the next, acting as a bridge. Although the log was huge, it seemed tiny in perspective against the rapids intoning its strength some 165 feet below. The portion of log overhanging the white water was about 50 feet long. It was wet and covered by moss and therefore probably slippery and dangerous to cross. But turning back was not an option; the evident consensus set silently our motion to cross the river? The Jotï helped us with our heavy backpacks. Dexterously and effortlessly, they crossed the log in no time and then they stopped and stared at us from the other side, waiting for us to come. Fearful that we couldn't keep our balance upright, Stan and I had to straddle the log bridge, with our legs and arms wrapped around the trunk, and drag ourselves forward little by little. Stan went first. He was advancing firm and steady. I was very apprehensive while he was crossing the log. He was good and agile; his thin but sturdy body fit the embrace of the trunk. A new serenity invaded me when I saw him safe on the other side waiting for me. I followed him. My obvious clumsiness made the journey longer. I sat on the log. I felt my own fluids joining the wet spongy but pliable texture of the moss. For a few minutes my body grew used to the new texture. I glided and embraced the wide trunk. My heart bumped faster. A few more feet and I was in the middle of the log. I could not resist thinking about dying there. I closed my eyes and felt a profuse love, simultaneous with a deep gratitude. Thoughts of beauty and fear ran through me. I kept going forward. I slid twice more and my little hat almost felt once. I got scared but moved on more carefully. It has been the one time in my life when beauty seemed bigger than death in all dimensions. Mixing such different realms, aesthetics and transcendence, provided me with a new enchanted sense of life. Finally I joined Stan at the opposite end. We smiled and breathed a silent sigh of relief and accomplishment. All stared for a brief moment and aborbed the mixing of attractive danger and beauty concentrated in that spot. No word was said. I knew thereafter that I always belonged there.
Ahead of us was an extremely steep trail. As if entering a tunnel, we crossed the threshold towards the green again. A shallow, shapeless forest made out of mostly monocots embraced us. High Strelitziaceae, gracious Cyperaceae attractive Marantaceae, colorful Zingiberaceae, attractive Acantheacea, scented Araceae and broad-leaved Musaceae, dotted here and there by Cecropiaceae and Piperaceae. The softer and shallower woods gave way transitionally to more sturdy forest. We were back under the shelter of greens. Tall Lecythidaceae, Burseraceae, Flacourticacea, Rubiaceae and Meliaceae flanked a more beaten-down trail, indicating regular human traffic. The almost vertical path took us to the first house we had seen in several days. It was sitting on a small open plateau enfolded by distant hills. It appeared bright. It was made from the palm leaves of ulu (Attalea maripa Mart.) from bottom to apex. A single opening acted as door and window. No one was around. Going up gradually, we had arrived at over 900 m asl. Our Jotï friends announced that we had arrived at Jkujkyo l u wei ('the house of a man named Jkujkyo'), and the surrounding area was known as Jkujkyo maj a ijka ('Jkujkyo's place').
Sometimes, the focus of memoirs clings attached to our mind, unconsciously, to beauty, happiness, desires, knowledge, transcendence or mysticism among many other abstract or concrete concepts and sensations. To me, the memory of Jkujkyo b a jail a 's is associated with intensity to a day when beauty overcame death; within a punctual moment in my life where aesthetic and transcendence somehow were tied in an illogical but continuous ethos that undisclosed a little about the complexities of human nature.
June 1996
The woman seemed to be in her late 30′s, she was of medium contexture, about 5′ and had a friendly smile. As most Jotï woman I had met, her only attire was a small cotton loincloth. She, as well as her children, was profusely adorned with long necklaces made out of wild and cultivated beads, but also mixed with pieces of bird's bones and feathers, mammals' dentures, pieces of holed canes and tins, old hollowed coins and used thread carrels, and a few glass beads. Two necklaces covered all her breast, used laterally and crossed in a croix that met just under her breast. She had also thread carrels inserted into her earlobes. Disordered black dots of a thick paint covered part of her arms and legs. Her kids, ranging between about 2 and 9 years old, smiled permanently and were using similar black dots on their bodies but fewer beads.
A peaceful air ran without hurry. Silently we just observed them and they observed us.
Ulu fruits are single seed ovals of about 2-3 cm in diameter surrounded by edible meat or mesocarp. Heavy racemes of the fruits are collected and cooked directly without processing in boiled water. It is highly appreciated throughout the Amazon region as a good source of protein and lipids. Huge piles of eaten seeds rested high to the sides of the lean-to made from the same palm tree's leaves as a shelter under the canopy. It was clear that they had been feeding generously from ulu fruits. Judging from the amount heaped in a pile, they had probably been there for about a month having this fruit as a staple food. It emits a particularly strong, unmistakable scent that forever was sealed in my memory as the hungriest days of my life, but also filled with strong emotions and happiness. It prompted also the possibility of considering the Amazonian Indians as builders of the forest through the creation of seed banks and dispersal of seeds. We have been endorsing this idea also over the years.
J a ni Jl a do and A b a do came back with long leaves (Heliconia spp., Attalea spp., Phenakospermun guyannense (L.C. Rich.) Endl. ex Miq.). Simple knots were rapidly and laxly weaved from their midribs. A large load of thin poles of different species (Cecropia spp., Apeiba spp., Ouratea spp.) were also brought to frame the structure of our make-shift shelter. Soon we had a lean-to with enough poles to hang our hammocks. We were busy trying to make a home for ourselves when we heard a soft whistle produced by a flute made out of a hollowed thin cane. We looked up and there was Jkujkyo, the husband and father of the people we had interacted with for the last couple of hours.
Jkujkyo arrived with his son of about 13 years old. Jkujkyo had a broad smile and was muscularly built. He talked and walked very fast. His human fluids emitted a scent strongly mixed with the forest odors.
We spent a couple of days and nights among Jkujkyo and his people. It was pleasant. We walked and explored the area, but also rested. Sadly we were not able to collect any samples since we were already carrying heavy loads and had very little or no food at all. Jkujkyo's people shared with us their food, mostly ulu fruits, raw and processed as soups and juices. Morning, noon and evening ulu was the staple food. I found that ulu fruit tastes like soap and its scent is associated in my sensual memory with being amazed and alien as ever as well as being observed and studied closely by very different people.
The third morning we were ready to continue on with our journey and set out to walk after dawn. It was a calm sunny morning. Parts of the trail were well kept indicating more frequent use. After just about three hours walk through a relatively easy but steady climb, we arrived at a quiet handsome settlement: Abiema's community.
Abiema was a natural leader among the Jotï. The settlement was located at the top of a hill (~1000 m asl) flanked by bigger mountains. His house looked strange because it was unlike any other Jotï house we had seen up to that point. It was rather well made, sturdy, larger, round and tall, in fact its height appeared to be greater than its diameter.
Upon looking at him, I felt an immediate attraction to the image that he inspired in me: that of unspoiled primitiveness. Unavoidably, at first impression I objectified him. In the second that I discovered my own archetypal projection I realized more similarities than differences between him and us. Abiema means the bearded one. He, like Jkujkyo, had a short black beard. Not he nor any of his group were using at that time any necklaces, which I found curious. Years later we learned that donning no paraphernalia or adornments such as beads is part of the mortuary ritual. Probably this group was honoring the death of a former member of the community and that could explain why their bodies were just covered by the traditional annatto-dyed loin-cloth.
Abiema exuded a sort of dignity that I have sensed just a few times in my life. It was his certitude of being an honest, kind and comprehensive man. He seemed to be proud of being right where he was and who he was. He was a sturdily built man with broad shoulders. He smiled a few but meaningful times. His feet, but specially his big toes were particularly pointed inward, which I took to be a clear sign of climbing trees since his early years.
Despite the small total population size of the Jotï (< 1000 persons), we were amazed at the huge diversity within the ethnic group from the first contacts?. That fact prompted us to select four communities for our study in the attempt to capture some of this variation in social, cultural and ecological spheres. These three spheres turned to be intertwined and relative to each other in many contexts such as the following reminiscence portrays.
July 1996
We had spent the last month at Majagua balo, a relatively recently founded Jotï community of about 25 people. At about 250 m asl, both the local biotic and sociocultural characteristics are different from higher basi-montane and sub-montane areas (600-1000 m asl) more common to the Jotï biocultural landscapes. The community was settled on the left bank of a narrow and winding creek that flows into the Parucito River. During the rainy season it takes a whole day to make the trip upriver in a dugout canoe powered by an outboard motor from the mouth of the river to the Jotï community, whereas this same trip takes about 3 to 4 days in the dry season when the water level is much lower. According to their oral traditions, the Majagua people had migrated to this zone from the North about ten years before. While building strategies to understand and deal with new configurations imposed by contact with other indigenous groups (mainly Eñepa, Piaroa and Yabarana)as well as Westerners, the Jotï had been colonizing new environmental (lower gallery and flooded forests) and social settings.
Although the Jotï at Majagua were quite friendly and hospitable, we were ready to explore some other Jotï settlements in this area. Uli au balo [big water land], or the land of Abie jolowajka Jotï [the coarse bearded people], seemed like an appealing place to explore as it was the home of a very intriguing subgroup. Although they were said to be located just a day's walk upriver from where we were, all Jotï at Majagua were reluctant to take us there. They were very apprehensive of the Abie jolowajka Jotï, who were described as being powerful witches, trekkers without gardens, hostile and strong-willed people. Such remarks only served to arouse even more our eagerness to visit that community and meet the people.
Marco, an Eñepa man from Culebra, a community located about six-hour walk awayfrom Majagua, was the only one inclined to take us to Uli au balo. He was married with a Jotï woman, a close relative of the Majagua people. Socially and structurally, he was clearly marginal to his own Eñepa people. Marco's manners and movements seemed a little awkward, but we had no other option.
At sunrise of a soft morning we started walking towards Uli au balo. Marco was leading our way. The forest was damp, bursting with day-loving creatures. The manifold sounds echoing through the understory called and observed us. Butterflies, macaws, caterpillars, quails, wasps, hummingbirds, termites, squirrels, toucans, frogs, parrots, spiders, oropendolas, mosquitoes, orioles … so many life forms produced a non-tuned concerto decidedly exquisite and mysterious. Around the vines, trees, shrubs, palms, the sounds were not shy; they were statements, announcing the presence of those that produced them.
The trail was wet under the canopy; the sun rays did not touch the soil. The aroma of dampness permeated everywhere. Mushrooms and fungi sprouted profusely, cutting the profile of green here and there. Many tracts of the trail were muddy; some were even underwater, forcing us to literally swim to keep going forward. I discovered then that my backpack floated. It had been raining for the last couple of weeks and water accumulated and moved freely all over the forest. The rivers were clogged with so much water and no place to run off. We zigzagged across the same waterway at least five times, an uneasy task, given the slippery nature of the logs that serve as bridges in Jotï land, although at times, the bridge-log was itself underwater. Patches of the trail were closed by a thick curtain of tangled vines, trees, shrubs, understory, forcing us to hack it open with a machete.
We walked steadily but quietly behind Marcos for about 9 hours before reaching the community. At least half of that time it was pouring down rain. Our own sweaty fluids mixed with the warm water filtered from the sky to the screen of trees to land in our bodies. Our packs were also soaked and the extra water made them feel heavier. Crossing water bodies, big and small, moving and stagnant, was the constant image of our walking day.
At one point during the walk, Marco suddenly stopped for what seemed like a long time while bending over and peering intently at the ground. He indicated that he had momentarily lost sight of the trail and was trying to pick it up again. We thought it was quite odd the way he tilted his head so close to the ground. Then it dawned on us: he was almost blind. But just when we started to openly lament our predicament (¨the blind leading the blind¨) he found the path and set off again, and we had no choice but to follow. Finally, we glimpsed two small houses almost hidden under the canopy, one besides the other sheltered by the trees without a clearing evincing their presence from the sky. Although the trail was not an easy one, we realized that the distance itself from Majagua to Uli au balo was not so great. The obstacles to get to the community, mostly water in its many dispositions and modes, made Uli balo seem far away. As soon as we got there, people at the community came up to look at us. Two adult men and three women, a teenage boy of about 12 years old, four children and a baby girl were staring at us, aliens coming from nowhere. We experienced one of those astonishing moments that sediment in your memory forever. In this case, it was the absolute awareness given in a second, of being very different in a continuum of resemblances.
Stan's field notes capture the strong experience: "For the first 10 or 15 seconds I got the deep impression that this was a quite isolated group of people that do not have hardly any connection with the outside world that I am used to. This is the sort of primitive 'other' object and experience that I desired for, that drove me to go into anthropology in the first place. Here it is right in front of me, looking back at me. Then I got this intense feeling: so what? What is so great about this? You cannot become one of these people yourself, you may never see them again, and maybe I should not even be here". I had a similar sense. All our muscles and bones were exhausted, which probably enhanced the encounter and made it stick with me as a special state of mind-body; embraced by a magical halo of orange-brownish light emanating from a mixture of sunlight, water and clouds in the late afternoon forest. The longing and feeling evaporated soon due the preeminence of material needs. We turned all our attention to practical matters. It was going to rain again at any moment and we needed to make a shelter for the night. No word was pronounced. The whole community was staring at us while we frantically and hastily erected the poles and then the roof. They did not move one finger to help. The older man, whose name we learned later was Aunë (meaning 'caiman'), had a quizzical smile on his face. He seemed to be studying us. Meanwhile the younger man looked intently at our possessions.
This is perhaps the strongest interaction I experienced among unknown Jotï without involving any words at all. Still, so much was interchanged among us. In my hammock that evening while listening to the water dropping onto the Attalea leaves, my thoughts wondered about how much relativity of perceptions taint the categories and behavior among us humans: the people that seemed to be the most "primitive" to us were actually the "vanguard" among "other" Jotï groups, and "all" the Jotï groups did not consider themselves as "one ethnic pack".
Words came the next morning. We were ready to explore around the very muddy, swampy, flooded and damp surroundings. Since a research goal during this phase was to collect data related to the size, composition and distance from the settlements to the gardens and hunting areas, we asked the people to take us to their gardens. All of them stated insistently that they did not have a garden. Where do the plantains they were eating come from then? "You must have a garden!" we thought. Resolute, Stanford pleaded with them to show us their gardens. Finally they answered, "Jotea ñaña, ñajti jtojto dekae bada" or "yes, we have one but is really far away from here". Our previous experiences with the expression, ñajti jtojto, seemed to indicate it meant the opposite of jamena dekae bada 'close, nearby'. Furthermore, it was obvious that they were benefitting, at least partially, from garden products. We assumed that it was not that far away after all. So despite their reluctance, we convinced them to take us to their garden. The minute we set out to walk it started raining. It was that style of rain that exists just in the rainforest, hitting hard any form that avoids its speedy march. Water was flowing through all interstices. Water was penetrating shapes and life forms. Water was chanting to plants. Water was feeding life. All seemed to explode with the rain in the forest, now chaotic then diverse.
The trail to the garden was non-existent. We strode through the forest literally "running" behind Marco, who was also straining to kee up with Aunë and his teenage son. The boy seemed to enjoy our clumsiness and our huge effort to not get lost. It was very difficult to keep up with their speed. Their agility contrasted sharply with our ineptness, their belonging to the forest stood out from our clear otherness. After less than an hour, we ran into a temporary lake within the forest created by the accumulation of water. The Jotï were already emerging onto the other side of it and couldn't care less about our whereabouts. In a desperate attempt to not lose our Jotï travel companions, we anxiously dove in and swam in their direction as fast as we could. Marco refused to enter the water, despite the fact that we were already as wet as possibly could be. He declared that he had had enough and he left us right then and there! He turned his back and without saying any more words he took off!
There we were … alone. Water was everywhere, in us, pouring endlessly from above and accumulated everywhere down below us. We could not even hear any other sound but water. All smelled of water. No time to think or complain. Swimming the best we could, we reached the lake edge and ran as fast as possible to catch our fleet Jotï "guides". Our hearts were bouncing hard. The rain receded a little bit. We were able to hear the Jotï and "happily" ran behind them for the next two hours before reaching the garden. It was certainly ñajti jtojto dekae bada! We had been running, not walking, for the last three hours!
As a double gift, the rain stopped just as we reached the garden. It appeared to be a "semi-abandoned" garden; opened may be 5-7 years before. We spotted old patches of cultivated yam and sweet potato. Diverse varieties of standing banana trees were still productive. Happy to find food, we ate lots of bananas with pleasure and enjoyed a few warm, smiling rays of sun. Life seemed quiet again. We quickly set up a couple of sample plots and censused the crops inside them. Then we measured the perimeter the best we could and tried to get a GPS location reading, a major piece of data to plot our findings. The GPS was so wet that it did not work! Even though it was advertised as being waterproof. But this was no place to make a complaint…perhaps the Magellan company made it with non-tropical waters in mind… all the trouble to collect data that could not be georeferenced…
We waited for at least an hour while the GPS was taking a sunbath. After a while we tried again. It did not even catch one satellite! Our Jotï friends were getting impatient and told us they were leaving. Without dragging our feet, but lacking any option whatsoever we moved at their momentum and wishes. Running behind them on the way back was even harder since our bodies were exhausted and we knew it was a hard trail. We arrived at a place where a huge log was completely blocking the "trail". Not only was it almost as tall as I am but it was also very slippery. Dexterously the Jotï went up and down within a few seconds and keep striding on down the trail. I clambered ineptly and fell. It was unfortunate and inopportune, but foremost it was very painful. Stanford shouted for help. Much to our surprise, the Jotï stopped and looked back at me. They managed to try a smile but could not understand why we were calling them. Stanford showed them my awful state. They just stared at us with an empty but also unannoyed look on their faces. Beyond this visual contact, there was no communication at all. Two very different ethos and codes of human relations were side by side in this event: parallel but not inter-communicable lifestyles.
Struggling with hunger, pain and mental weariness, we realized suddenly about their absolute lack of empathy towards us. Our fear about getting lost, was not comprehensible to them. Adults our age in their culture have already mastered the basic skills and knowledge about the forest. Therefore they are completely apt to survive alone without requesting help. Our claim was totally new to them. They could not believe our incapacity to find our way without their assistance. The teenager's playful way of disappearing and then reappearing gaudily from our sight while we were rushing to keep up with them, may have been just a gesture of friendship and a way to test our humanity, but I do not believe that he meant to ¨lose¨ us or harm us in any way. We learned that empathy does not match survival skills in the forest.
Water started to fall again. Further reflection was postponed while we had to keep on walking. I clambered over the log with Stanford's help, took a stick to walk again and after a little while I was running for survival (again).
Water was still pouring from the sky when we arrived contentedly back at the community where the two houses were surrounded by flooded patches of forest. No word was said again. A mixture of feelings and ideas kept creeping to my mind all through the walk. Leading my thoughts was the certitude of the relativity of notions as time and space, of possibilities to communicate beyond language and to interact in deepness despite having just one event to recall. The complex of space-time is tightly tied for people like the Jotï. Forest space, its dynamics and functioning constitute major tools for this people. Time is a measure of dynamics in space. Human's interactions are not independent of the forest. They learn to be with and in the forest. Our inability to see the forest life forms, its structure, its processes and eternal changing state is our handicap; however it comprises an important survival kit for them. Knowledge about the forest and themselves is a cumulative process that each Jotï acquires since they are born. In the end, knowledge is built more through interactions than by pure intellectual reception and processing. Life is knowledge.
Two years after this event, Majlu arrived at a Jotï community where Stanford and I had been staying for a while. His two and a half year-old daughter was very sick and needed emergency medical help. We decided to take them to the closest place where Western medical care was available. In the dugout canoe and walking, Majlu was carrying his girl in a most tender way, providing water and love every second of the way. This man, considered a strong and non-sensitive Jotï, has been the only Jotï that I have seen crying profusely, facing the impotence of alleviating the pain of his dying little girl. Her distended belly evidenced many parasites living in her bony body. But no food would stay in her system. She vomited permanently everything, and even the multivitamins that we gave her for a week were finally discarded. She was very ill, extremely thin, weak and almost unconscious. It was very sad to see Majlu caressing the girl and in so much despair silently. We arrived at the closest dispensary on the 3rd day at 5 p.m., located in an indigenous multi-ethnic community of around 100 people. It was a little old hut, with mud walls, dirt floor and broken ceiling. The only sign it was a health clinic was a new weighing-scale. The afternoon was giving way to the night in the forest and many insects were singing in early March 1998. The nurse, a Piaroa male, gave the girl a shot but in less than an hour she passed away. Several Yabarana women bawled loudly and steadily while Majlu changed his expression from sadness to alertness and immediately declared: "I am leaving now". He ran fast and took off in the middle of the night, leaving us the corpse of his daughter. Surprised, local people and us carried out a minimal but respectful burial ceremony. The women wailed all night long taking turns, some children cried, and a Yekwana man made a wood coffin. Despite being very sad, we tried to figure out the different notions and behavior towards the dead girl. No one, except us, found it unusual that the only relative of the deceased departed the minute after she died. Everyone took on the mortuary ceremony as a community effort and duty despite that nobody there had even ever seen Majlu or his daughter before. No one questioned why she died for lack of medical help since the only real disease she had was too many parasites. The next afternoon after the morning burial, no one cried again and everything was back to normal. We also took off.
Final words
I assume the risk of being pigeonholed as dialectical, symmetrical or a-theoretical. However, my own definition of Ethno-ecology settles me at home in a no-space or nobody quarter, while simultaneously it touches virtually all human endeavor nowadays: global warming and delicate cognitive process. Amid anthropology and ecology, sociology and botany, philosophy and zoology, ethnoecology is difficult to grasp as a single discipline. Defining ethno-ecology as inter- and trans-disciplinary is just a piece of the multiple facets of this realm. Ethno-ecological researchers find themselves often dwelling in dilettante stances of immanent liminal states. Liminal spaces present an endless supply of surprises, explorations and enthrallments to me. I identify myself with interstitial areas, where life can be stagnant sometimes, but can exploit more often?. In-between disciplines and cultures, in the middle of diverse theories and anomalous methods, inhabiting alien spaces while discovering many similarities to their hometowns in there. Usually it is more difficult to find the right context to explain how to enter the quotidian lives of communities different than ours while simultaneously we try to know their local biological diversities, understanding their interactions and dynamics.
I speculate that as many anthropologists [20], also some ethno-ecologists openly or covertly, indulge themselves in a self-reflective chase for answering ontological questions while conducting their research [21]. In fact, the geographical setting, the ethnic group, the theoretical and methodological backbones of a project depict an intimate self beyond the investigator in charge of a project. The first time is probably a non-conscious engagement of the ethno-ecologist with him or herself to a socio-ecological setting often times alien to her/him.
I am deeply in debt to numerous Jotï for their collaboration, friendship and willingness to share with me their homes, wisdom and lives: they took care of me and taught me many things among them to be a better person, to understand more love and pain, life and death. I will always be grateful to Stanford Zent my husband and academic partner whom I share ideas, feelings, images, dreams, a life. I thank Nuria Martín and S. Zent for allowing me to use the map efficiently elaborated by them I am very thankful to Andrea Pieroni and Justin Nolan for inviting me to be part of this wonderful initiative "Recollections, reflections, and revelations: ethnobiologists and their 'First Time' in the field which brings to light a set of memories that have lead the experiences of many of us beyond academic grounds. I thank IVIC to sponsor my research over the years as well as the National Science Foundation, the Wenner-Gren Foundation Hunt Fellowship program (Gr 7518), and the Herbariums support (MYF, VEN, and TFA).
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