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The Session Traversal Utilities for Network Address Translation (STUN) protocol is an integral component of the Audio/Video Media Relay service. It provides the routing information and signaling that is needed to establish a secure media connection for all endpoints that are involved in audio/video communications. This article explains the integration of the new STUN/Traversal Using Relay NAT (TURN) (STUN/TURN) extensions with the Microsoft Office Communications Server 2007 R2, A/V Edge Server and how the STUN/TURN protocols are used to communicate the various phases of setting up a media allocation for an audio/video communication between unified communications peers.
Author: Mike Adkins
Publication date: December 2010
Product versions: Microsoft Office Communications Server 2007 R2, Microsoft Office Live Meeting 2007
Microsoft Office Communications Server 2007 R2 provides A/V Edge services that allow Unified Communications (UC) clients at remote locations on the Internet to share A/V conferences with users that are located on an internal Office Communications Server 2007 R2 network.
This article discusses the Session Traversal Utilities for Network Address Translation (STUN)/Traversal Using Relay NAT (TURN) and Interactive Connectivity Establishment (ICE) protocols that are used by the Microsoft Office Communications Server, A/V Edge Server and the Microsoft UC clients, a description of the network processes that are used to establish secure A/V communications between the internal and remote UC clients, and what to look for in captures of network traffic that can be used to determine the establishment of a secured A/V session with remote UC clients.
Data Gathering
To troubleshoot connectivity issues for the A/V session between internal and remote UC peers, you need to gather network captures and logging data from the Office Communications, A/V Edge Server and from each of the UC clients that are involved in the A/V conference. For the analysis of User Datagram Protocol (UDP) or Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) STUN with TURN extensions, network traffic, I recommend using Microsoft Network Monitor 3.4. You can download it from here.
To view the contents of the Microsoft Office Communicator and Microsoft Office LiveMeeting 2007 client-side logging, you can download and install the Office Communications Server 2007 R2 Resource Kit Tools locally on the client computer. Use the Snooper.exe tracing tool to open and view any SIP logging that was gathered from the clients. You can also use Snooper.exe to analyze any SipStack logging taken from the A/V Edge Server.
The network capture and SipStack logging in this article were gathered from the remote access server and the A/V Edge Server during the initiation of an A/V session from a remote UC client. This information depicts a step-by-step setup of a media port allocation by the A/V Edge Server for audio and video communications between a remote UC client and an internal UC client.
STUN and TURN Integration with the Communications Server A/V Edge Service and Microsoft UC ICE Clients
STUN and TURN integration with Communications Server and Microsoft UC Interactive Connectivity Establishment (ICE) protocol clients requires that the remote client acquire the credential and connectivity information that it needs to contact the A/V Edge service STUN/TURN server. This credential and connectivity information is made available to the remote client through the existing SIP connection that exists between the Communication Server 2007 R2, Access Edge Server, the remote client, and the internal client on the Communications Server network. When the remote client requests an A/V session with an internal client, the remote UC client will send a SIP Service request for credentials to the Office Communications Server Audio/Video Authentication (RTCMRAUTH) service. When the SIP Service request for credentials is responded to by the RTCMRAUTH service, the remote client will receive its A/V Edge Server fully qualified domain name (FQDN) and port information (TCP Port 443 and UDP Port 3478) along with its user name and password credentials. These credentials are used to secure the information that is passed between the STUN/TURN server and the remote client for the upcoming STUN/TURN negotiations that use UDP Port 3478. These credentials are also used for sharing the encryption key information by using TCP Port 443 through the Office Communications Server A/V Edge (RTCMEDIARELAY) service. This secures the information that is passed between the internal and the remote clients during their A/V conference as shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1. Information passed between internal and external clients
Connecting to the STUN/TURN Server
Connecting to the STUN/TURN server requires that a STUN/TURN session be initiated. The remote client sends a STUN/TURN Allocate Request packet that contains the Username and MagicCookie attributes, and perhaps an Unknown attribute to the IP address of the external public interface of the A/V Edge Server. This initial Allocate Request packet won't contain the needed credential information to begin the STUN session with the A/V Edge Server. This causes the STUN server to return a STUN TURN Allocate Error Response packet that contains the following error information: "The request did not contain a message integrity attribute." This Allocate Error Response packet also contains the Nonce and Realm attributes that are passed back to the STUN/TURN UC client to use in its subsequent STUN/TURN Allocate Request packets. The value of the Nonce attribute is used for replay protection. The value of the Realm attribute should be the domain name of the STUN/TURN server's provider.
Initial STUN/TURN Allocation Request from the Remote UC STUN Client
The remote UC STUN client begins the STUN/TURN session by sending the initial STUN Allocation request to the A/V Edge Server's A/V Edge (RTCMEDIARELAY) service. Notice that the Username attribute is passed to the STUN server. The STUN Server caches the user name information for future credential matches. No other attribute information is passed to the STUN server during the initial Allocation request.
The information in Figure 2 was gathered as a network capture taken from the A/V Edge Server by using Microsoft Network Monitor 3.4. Figure 2 is an in-depth look into the IP header information of the UDP port 3478 STUN packet and locates the STUN header information.
Figure 2. Username attribute passed to the STUN server
Initial STUN/TURN Allocate Error Response from the STUN/TURN Server
Because the initial Allocation request didn't contain a Message-Integrity attribute, the STUN/TURN server had to respond with an Allocate Error Response. This is a default mechinism that proves that physical connectivity between the client and the server is possible. Notice that the Nonce and Realm attributes are being passed back to the STUN client as shown in Figure 3.
Figure 3. Nonce and Realm attributes passed back to the STUN client
By default, this initial transaction fails, proving that DNS resolution for the STUN/TURN server's FQDN does work. The client can route requests to the A/V Edge STUN/TURN server. Now it is up to the client to provide the Allocate Request packet to the A/V Edge Server STUN/TURN that contains the attribute for Message-Integrity. The Message-Integrity attribute is a Message Digest 5 (MD5) hash of the user name and password credentials that have been provided to the UC STUN client as the secure SIP response for its Media Relay Authentication Service request and the Realm attribute that was provided to the client by the server's initial Allocate Response. Now the subsequent STUN/TURN Allocate Request packet is sent to the A/V Edge Office Communications Server Audio/Video Edge (RTCMEDIARELAY) service STUN/TURN server from the client that contains the value for the Message-Integrity attribute. It is formulated as follows:
Message-Integrity = MD5(username ":" realm ":" SASLPrep(password))
The RTCMEDIARELAY service STUN/TURN server now uses the user name information that was passed to the server from the remote client in the first Allocate Request packet. The STUN/TURN server performs the same MD5 hash of the user name that it cached from the previous Allocation Request and the realm and password information that it received in the subsequent STUN/TURN Allocation Request from the client. The credentials match, and Message-Integrity authentication is established between the remote Communicator client and the RTCMEDIARELAY service STUN/TURN server.
The user name and password credentials that are initially provided to the remote client through the SIP service response from the RTCMRAUTH service by using the Office Communications Server, Access Edge Server prior to any STUN/TURN negotiation has a duration period of 480 minutes. If the A/V session lasts for 480 minutes, the user name and password information is updated and the new credentials are passed to the clients. This forces the client to re-negotiate the STUN/TURN information that is needed to establish a new media session between the A/V peers.
Subsequent STUN/TURN Allocation Request from the ICE Client
The TURN client now passes the newly created Message-Integrity attribute back to the STUN/TURN server as shown in Figure 4.
Figure 4. TURN client passing Message-Integrity back to the STUN/TURN server
After the Message-Integrity attribute has been successfully negotiated, the A/V Edge service STUN/TURN server responds to the remote client with an Allocate Response packet as shown in Figure 5. This packet provides the remote client with the information that it needs to continue with additional STUN/TURN requests and the subsequent real-time transport protocol (RTP) A/V session between the remote and internal clients. The Allocate Response packet attributes list begins with the MagicCookie attribute and ends with the Message-Integrity attribute. Because of the design of the STUN/TURN protocol, the MagicCookie attribute is always the first attribute in the list for each STUN packet. Each STUN Response or STUN Request packet contains the Message-Integrity attribute as the last attribute in the list. The Message-Integrity attribute can be inserted into any STUN Packet as the last attribute on the Attributes list.
Figure 5. STUN/TURN server responds to the remote client with an Allocate Response packet
The Allocate Response packet also contains the following attribute information:
The XORMappedAddress attribute also contains Port and IP values that represent the reflexive IP Address and port combination of the client. The reflexive address is best defined as the IP address of the client or the IP address of the closest NAT to the Office Communications Server A/V Edge Server that the subsequent STUN/TURN Allocate Request packet from the client has passed through. Now when the remote client receives the Allocate Response packet from the Office Communications Server A/V Edge Server, the ICE client has gained knowledge of the absolute IP address of the Office Communications Server A/V Edge Server and the IP address of the closest NAT to the Office Communications Server A/V Edge Server.
STUN/TURN Server Allocation Permissions
The client can install permission for its allocation on the STUN/TURN server by sending data to a peer (or by doing certain other things). After a client's permission has been installed, any peer with the same IP address (the port numbers can differ) is permitted to send data to the client. Permissions have a time-out value of 5 minutes and can be refreshed by the application.
ICE Client Connectivity
By design, the ICE client prepares the IP address information that it has acquired locally from its network connections and from the valid STUN/TURN Allocate Response packet. It provides the STUN/TURN server's IP address and the reflexive IP address of the client's NAT that is in the closest proximity to the STUN/TURN server. This IP address information is formatted as a component that can be passed between clients by using the SIP Invite and SIP 200 OK Session Description Protocol (SDP) information. An ICE-enabled client formats the acquired IP address information as part of an "a=candidate" component. The ICE client formulates two preferred components-one for use with RTCP and one for use with RTP. Each "a=candidate" component consists of the following:
- A transport
- An IP address
- A bound ephemeral port
- An ID of either 1 or 2 (1 = RTP and 2 = RTCP)
- A priority value
- A foundation value
- A component ID value
Each candidate consists of at least two components and each local network interface on the client represents a candidate.
Note Keep in mind that the client may need to use TCP as its transport. Additional candidate information can also be made available for the TCP transport. The components' component ID value provides each component and IP address combination with a form of unique identification. This provides the client a way to specifically determine the route for RTP/RTPC communications when the same private IP address is shared by ICE hosts on separate subnets that may use the same private IP address class as shown in Figure 6.
Figure 6. A private IP address is shared by ICE hosts
TURN Extensibility Added to STUN RFC 3489
TURN extensibility was added to STUN RFC 3489. This extensibility is consolidated into STUN RFC 5389 to provide the ongoing definition of the protocol. The following information may or may not be part of the STUN session that precedes the A/V session that you are researching. These TURN extensions may not be needed for every media allocation that is performed by A/V Edge Server's RTCMEDIARELAY service Binding Response packet.
Whenever clients receive a correct Allocate Response packet from the A/V Edge Server, they can provide other internal or remote clients with a STUN/TURN Binding Response packet. The client can now receive A/V traffic on the designated ports that are bound to either UDP or TCP that will manage the A/V session.
Send Data Packet
Prior to A/V data being bound to either UDP or TCP transports for routing between the remote and internal UC STUN/TURN clients, the clients must succeed at sending the A/V Edge Server a STUN/TURN Send Data packet. The Send Data request also includes DESTINATION-ADDRESS and Data attributes. These additional attributes contain the IP address of the peer and the encrypted Data request information, respectively. This request triggers the STUN/TURN server to check for a pre-existing allocation that matches the sending client's information. If the allocation is not listed on the STUN/TURN server's permissions list, the IPv4 address of the client can be added to the permissions list. The STUN/TURN server can pass the contents of the Send Data packet's Data attribute to its peer.
Data Indication Packet
Upon the completion of the Binding Response and the Send Data procedures, the media allocation for the A/V session between the peers will be prepared to begin the relay. At this point, the STUN/TURN server sends Data Indication responses to the A/V session peers. The STUN/TURN Data Indication packets contain two specific attributes-RemoteAddress and Data. The RemoteAddress attribute contains the IP address of the sender that has the transport established for the A/V session. This can be the IP address of the A/V Edge Server or the IP address of a client. The Data attribute contains A/V information that is bound to a TCP or a UDP transport. At this point, the client is ready to begin sending information between the IP endpoints by using the transports that are established in the prior Binding Response.
Remote A/V Conferencing with Remote and Internal Communicator Clients
This section provides a description of the network connectivity that the internal Communicator clients share with remote Communicator clients that are in the same A/V conference. A conference is defined as when three or more Communicator peers take part in the same session.
When conferencing, the internal Communicator clients have to use the SIP SDP MediaRelay connection information that is returned in the SIP 200 OK response to the RTCMRAUTH Service request as shown in Figure 7. This request was made by the internal Office Communications Server Enterprise Edition pool or Standard Edition server to the internal interface of the A/V Edge Server by using TCP Port 5062 as shown in Figure 7.
Figure 7. Request to the internal interface of the A/V Edge Server by using TCP Port 5062
The returned network address information is used by the internal Communicator clients so they can connect to the RTCMEDIARELAY service by using TCP port 443 and UDP port 3478 on the internal interface of the A/V Edge Server. This connection is needed for the internal and remote UC clients to request and receive the needed hash-based message authentication code (HMAC) key information that is used to encrypt and decrypt each of their RTP A/V media sessions. Before the media session can take place between all the Communicator clients, the internal Communicator clients must make a successful STUN/TURN Allocate Request-Allocate Response with the A/V Edge Server STUN/TURN server by using its internal interface as shown in Figure 2. The procedure is similar to the one that is used by remote Communicator clients. The internal Communicator clients have to acquire a valid STUN/TURN MessageIntegrity attribute that allows them to bind their soon-to-be A/V communication to a specific transport protocol-either TCP or UDP.
In this kind of Communicator A/V conferencing scenario, the STUN/TURN Binding Response takes place between the internal Office Communications Server, Enterprise Edition pool or Standard Edition server and the Communicator internal or remote clients. This allows the IM Conferencing Server (IMMCU) or the A/V Conferencing Server (AVMCU) on the server running Communications Server to manage A/V communications between it and all the Communicator clients that are involved with A/V conference. However, if the A/V traffic is between just one internal Communicator client and one remote Communicator client, the STUN/TURN Binding Response takes place between the two Communicator clients. The A/V session is between just these two Communicator peers. In any case, it requires more than two Communicator clients to initiate an A/V conference.
To make sure that Communicator peer-to-peer A/V communication functions properly, we must ensure that the internal interface of the A/V Edge Server can route the TCP Port 443 and UDP Port 3478 traffic that initiates from the internal Communicator client back to that client's network as shown in Figure 8.
Figure 8. TCP Port 443 and UDP Port 3478 traffic
A/V Conferencing with the Remote Office Live Meeting Client
It is important to mention that the Windows Office Live Meeting 2007 client is strictly a conferencing UC client. When just two of these UC clients are communicating, they will initiate a conference by using the RTCDATAMCU service on the internal Office Communications Server Web Conferencing server. However, the Live Meeting client supports A/V conferencing with both internal clients and remote clients. The internal Live Meeting client does not require access through the internal firewall when the client is involved in a multi-client A/V conference with other remote Live Meeting clients. In this A/V conferencing scenario, all UC clients connect to RTCAVMCU in a hub-and-spoke fashion as shown in Figure 9. Because of this, using Live Meeting for remote A/V conferencing can provide a more efficient security model for the internal firewall configuration.
Figure 9. UC clients connect to RTCAVMCU
The management of establishing a secure and reliable media connection between internal and remote UC clients is provisioned by the STUN/TURN protocols. Microsoft has integrated the extensibility of SIP signaling with the use of the STUN/TURN protocols to provide the allocation of secure and reliable A/V media connections between the Microsoft Unified Communications endpoints that participate in an A/V conference. Having a basic understanding about how these protocols coordinate the secure establishment of a media connection allocation that will be managed by the Office Communications Server A/V Edge Server is the first step that is needed to troubleshoot connectivity issues between internal and remote UC clients. Proper use of troubleshooting tools such as OCSLogger.exe and Network Monitor 3.4 (see Additional Resources) can quickly identify where the connectivity problem lies. After it is discovered, the needed corrective action can be taken to gain reliable connectivity between all the UC clients that will participate in the A/V conference.
Additional Resources
For more information, check out the following articles:
- RFC 5389 - Session Traversal Utilities for NAT (STUN) at http://www.packetizer.com/rfc/rfc5389.
- Interactive Connectivity Establishment (ICE): A Protocol for Network Address Translator (NAT) Traversal for Offer/Answer Protocols at http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-mmusic-ice-19.
- Traversal Using Relays around NAT (TURN): Relay Extensions to Session Traversal Utilities for NAT (STUN) at http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-behave-turn-09.
- Interactive Connectivity Establishment Protocols (media) at http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=207414.
- Microsoft Network Monitor 3.4 at http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=207324.
- Office Communications Server 2007 R2 Resource Kit Tools at http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=132508.
- [MS-TURN]: Traversal Using Relay NAT (TURN) Extensions at http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=207419.
Lync Server Resources
- Lync Server 2010 documentation in the TechNet Library
- NextHop blog
- Lync Server and Communications Server resources
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Keywords: STUN, TURN, A/V, UC, allocation, RTCMEDIARELAY, RTCMRAUTH, ICE,

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As I start to write on this day I wish to go as far as my memory can afford to recollect… to record and put down the run up to the events of the biggest turning point of my life. Feb 20th if I remember correctly … actually it goes a little before that too…maybe a week or so … the first time I hear of the name 'Kannan' … (little do I know then that it is going to be a part of my name soon !!) the first time I look at the picture …the obvious comments about his looks.. did it bother me so much..? no not at all.. I have myself never been a person who cares so much about external appearances. I frantically tried to search about him on social networks … seeking friend's help to find mutual contacts. But unfortunately there was absolutely no information I could find..the fear of the unknown, it always drives me crazy. With the limited inputs my dad gave I agreed to for the official "sightseeing :P" … Yeah that was the fateful Feb20th .. the day that was about to change my life… forever!!
The first meeting: – yea I was anxious obviously, all the more because the descriptions that my dad gave didn't particularly interest me…. 'He is a very "good" guy, very quiet and no bad habits.' I agreed to this session partly because they are coming all the way from Mumbai, the entire family. Even though I so hate this coffee giving bajji sojji eating thing happening at home, I at least thought the embarrassment would be restricted to my home. However they insisted on meeting outside, and the venue had to be a common place, hence was decided to meet in a temple. So there I was all dressed up in a saree with lots of jewellery, feeling like a bride already. The temple was fairly empty thankfully. We were waiting and here they come.
Oh the first look… as my eyes frantically searched among the crew of people that had landed, there he was my prince to be, in a pure white shirt and jeans (always!!). He was wearing glasses so I was not sure if our eyes actually met for that split second but I would like to assume that way… so filmy it sounds, I know 😛 yea totally like 2 states! Bollywood meets Kollywood… Vadapav meets Idli (to say it in my foodie husband's style :P). After initial introductions finally we get our time and the first thing he says is we actually have a mutual friend. What!! he knows all about my social network… my likes and dislikes but I didn't know a thing. I just proved to myself yet again I am such a moron when it comes to the virtual world. So then he starts speaking about himself. Loves to travel.. recently went to ladakh and all that… he knows that I love to read.. as always I am like I want to go to Sydney :P. After random talks for a few minutes and going around the temple we separated to go back to our families. And then came the moment … and we said YES!! I do remember it quite well, I looked at him one time sideways as my parents were anxiously waiting for my response. I smiled and thought to myself, yes this is it …and it was done. I didn't speak to his parents so much, but his sister… omg she was so talkative nonstop asking me so many things. I was taken aback a little, didn't know how to handle this. But I knew it was way too early and I should not be judgmental. Later I realized it really paid me off well for me being open and welcoming. Now I am part a wonderful new family with this awesome person as a partner for my life and I feel blessed!!


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"We have owned and had five different properties under a management rental program in Hilton Head. Shannon, Emmy and the TEAM at Vacation Homes of Hilton Head have and continue to, manage my homes as if they were their own!. Response time, Inspections, Quality Services, Cleaning, Bookings and Repairs are closely managed and monitored daily. My high expectations continue to be exceeded by this TEAM at VHHH, especially after the recent severe storms in HH. TEAM VHHH made sure my property and guests were properly taken care of in advance of the storms! Thank-You Shannon, Emmy and TEAM VHHH for your attention to detail, professionalism and peace of mind you provide."
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- Property Owners, Donna & David L.


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Spirou (Genesis)
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DOS, Game Boy, SNES, Windows | Combined View
Critic Score
100 point score based on reviews from various critics.
User Score
5 point score based on user ratings.
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DescriptionSpirou is a platform side-scroller based on popular Franco-Belgian comic strip Spirou et Fantasio. The story begins in New York where famous inventor Count of Champignac is about to present his latest inventions. Journalists Spirou and Fantasio, Count's most faithful friends are also there. Suddenly an evil robot woman Cyanida (originally called Cyanure), known to be obsessed with the plans to enslave humanity, appears and abducts the scientist! There's no time to loose, so Spirou and his pet squirrel Spip rush to the rescue, while Fantasio stays back to dig for more information.
The player controls Spirou. He is able to jump, duck, climb ladders and cliffs and run fast if the player holds down the action button. In the fourth level Spirou gets a gun to stand a chance against the increasing numbers of Cyanida's minions. Spirou's quest will see him travel through city streets and rooftops, a toy store, subway, Palombian swamp and jungle and other locations in over 12 levels.
The player only gets 3 lives and no continues to beat the game. A single password is granted after beating the first half of the game.
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Alternate Titles
- "Sprint" -- Norwegian title
- "Splint" -- Danish title
- "Robbedoes" -- Dutch title
- "Piko" -- Finnish title
Part of the Following Groups
User Reviews
|Spirou the zerou – world's most lame herou
|GTramp (62428)
Critic Reviews
|Gamers (Germany)
|Sep, 1995
|Super Power (Sweden)
|Feb, 1996
|72 out of 100
|Video Games
|Sep, 1995
|69 out of 100
|Mega Fun
|Aug, 1995
|65 out of 100
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Cancelled Game Gear versionBit Managers was working on a Game Gear version, but ultimately Infogrames decided not to publish the game.
InspirationWhile the game borrows a few elements from the comics, it is based primarily on the 1992 Spirou cartoon. A good example is the character-design of the villainess Cyanure/Cyanida, who has her "tomboy" looks from the cartoon (in the comics, her looks were directly inspired by Marilyn Monroe).
Related Web Sites
- Wikipedia: Spirou (article in the open encyclopedia about the game)
Frederic Bibet (311) added Spirou (Genesis) on Feb 06, 2004
Other platforms contributed by Frederic Bibet (311), Hervé Piton (4617) and MAT (195836)
Programmed by:
Pascal Casolari, Frederic Jaquemoud, David Hamblin, Laurence Billon, Celine Fillon, Delphine Personnaz, Etranges LibellulesSound & Music:
Patrick Pinchard, Stéphane Donnet, et les Editions Dupuis, Stéphane Baudet, Nicolas Pothier, Nadège De Bergevin, Olivier Robin, Sylvain Branchu


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The island is in constant use. I always have a vignette of some kind on this one corner. This is my largest cloche, and I have never used it in the kitchen. I already had this vignette, but I found that the cloche would fit perfectly over the frenchy farmer and his cow friend. My daughter gave me this cloche last year for Christmas. It measures 17" tall x 14" across the bottom. Huge and fabulous.
Sherry at No Minimalist Here for the Open House Party on Thursdays
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Courtney at French Country Cottage for Feathered Nest Friday
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Friday 8 June 1906US date format: 6/8/1906, UK date format: 8/6/1906
It was Friday, under the sign of Gemini (see planets position on June 8, 1906). The US president was Theodore Roosevelt (Republican).
Famous people born on this day include Charles Janssens .
Holiday, directed by Isabella Eklöf, was one of the most viewed movies released in 1906
But much more happened that day: find out below..
You can also have a look at the whole 1906 or at June 08 across the years.
Old Newspapers
Have a look at the old newspapers from 8 June 1906 and get them!
What the sky looked like on 8 June 1906
Which were the most popular movies released in the last months ?
Personalized book about You
Your book about what happened on 8 June 1906
Wish him/her..
Find out your future
Get a FREE Numerology report based on the digits of 8 June 1906!
Historical Events
Which were the important events of 8 June 1906 ?
- Saint Sabinianus, abbot, confessor [GTZ: Puy]
- World Ocean Day.
- Saint Audomar, bishop of ThTrouanne, confessor (Translation day)
- Saint Elphege, bishop, martyr (Translation day)
- Saint Marius, hermit [GTZ: Clermont]
- Trojecia, virgin (at Rodez)
- Roman Empire - second day of the Vestalia in honor of Vesta.
- Blessed Chlodulph, bishop of Metz
- Blessed Gildard, bishop of Rouen, confessor
- Blessed Maximinus, bishop of Aix en Provence
- Blessed William, bishop of York, confessor
- Blessed Syra of Ireland, virgin
- Syria, virgin (at Troyes)
- saint Medard, bishop of Noyon, confessor [common]
Famous Birthdays:
- Charles Janssens: Belgium -- Actor (Mira, Malpertuis).
Famous Deaths:
- Christian Frederik Emil Horneman: Composer, dies at 65.
- Theodore Roosevelt signs the Antiquities Act into law, authorizing the President to restrict the use of certain parcels of public land with historical or conservation value.
- Congress passes the Antiquities Act, to preserve historic sites against unauthorized excavation or destruction.
Planetary positions on this day
Discover the planets positions on June 08, 1906 as well as what the sky looked like at your place
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Hokku Introduction to Hokku Contributors Spring Summer Autumn Winter Hokkai Essays Links
The Legacy of Pound's Translations
(For much of this essay, I will be relying on information from Robert Kern's Orientalism, Modernism and the American Poem although I will give a couple of other sources at the end for further reading.)
In order to understand the differences between contemporary haiku and tanka and more traditional hokku and waka, one must look at the hybridization of Western and Eastern aesthetics that has occurred during the 20th century. At the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century, Shiki wished to push Japanese literature from its isolation into the mainstream of world literature and looked to the introduction of Western ideas as a way of accomplishing that goal. At the same time Western poets were looking at Asian literature and incorporating some of its aesthetics into modern theories that would change English language poetry and eventually filter into contemporary English language haiku and tanka. Perhaps no one has had greater influence than Ezra Pound on modernist American poetic theory. I want to look at the legacy that Pound's translations in Chinese and Japanese started and then later in a follow-up essay look at what some of Pound's followers have done that have influenced contemporary haiku and tanka.
Early in his career Pound was sent the notebooks of Ernest Fenollosa, who studied Chinese culture. Pound, who at the time did not know Chinese or Japanese, became fascinated with Fenollosa's work and decided to translate some of Li Po's poetry using Fenollosa's notes. In Chinese Pound found some of the ideas that were already gelling into the basis of modernist theory: a concreteness of images that tried to show something as it really was with a timeless quality. While Chinese had a very strict structure (Ancient Style was composed of 4 vertical columns with 5 or sometimes 7 characters in each line and a specific rhyme scheme), Pound decided to revolutionize translation by totally ignoring the word for word translation and structure of Chinese and instead relying on the experience of the poem to translate into a free-verse English. The following characteristics used in his translations became part of Imagist and later Vorticist theory.
1. Concreteness of image. Chinese characters often indicate nouns with an action implied within the character. The character shows the image as it is, not an abstract symbolism of how the image should be seen.
2. Timelessness. There is no verb tense in Chinese but one must use context in order to determine time if needed for the understanding of the poem.
3. Free verse lines based on the author's thought rather than any grammar or idea of line meter. Pound had a great disdain for the rhythms of Victorian poetry and English grammar ["Take a man's mind off the human value of the poem he is reading, switch it on to some questions of grammar and you begin his dehumanization." (Kern, 147)]. He wanted a form that would better fit the alienation brought about by 20th century politics, world events and psychological discoveries.
4. An inversion of normal English syntax and dropping of some articles and adjectives to make the English translations sound more foreign. Some might argue that this was his attempt to make the structure of his English more like the original structure of the Chinese but his end stopped, free verse lines clearly show his intent to make the translations modern English.
5. The beginnings of ideogrammatic method, a piling of unlike images and allusions together without semantic or syntactic connections (such as English simile) which results in fragmentation of language but necessitates the reader's participation in processing meaning. As Pound progressed with this method in his Cantos, it meant that readers had to have knowledge of classical Western and Eastern literature which brought complexity and abstraction into his work.
Do some of these ideas sound familiar to those of you writing Asian verse? Pound was sensitive in some ways to Asian aesthetics, but was interested in advancing his ideas about free verse English poetry. What we see here is the groundwork for contemporary haiku and tanka including an increased role of the writer as the determiner of structure and the beginning of form fitting content.
How successful was Pound? One only needs to look at the number of 20th century poets who acknowledge him as one of their major influences. Kern in Orientalism, Modernism and the American Poem suggests that his translations were so successful that attempts to deviate from his conventions in translating Chinese poetry into English would now be considered by the reading public to be deviant even though they might be more similar to the original Chinese poems (Kern 180). But as Kern points out "...The issue here is not the direct or indirect influence of Chinese in American writing but a romantic or mythological--and Western--conception of language that is imposed upon Chinese and then appropriated as a model" (Kern 6).
Although the discussion here is about Chinese translation and aesthetics, a similar process happened with the Japanese. Many writers after Shiki incorporated Western ideas while Western writers looked to modern Japanese for models of Japanese aesthetics. What each culture found was not a pure form of the other's aesthetics but a hybridized version which sometimes was not recognized as such.
For further reading:
1. "Ezra Pound and the Chinese Written Language," www.chass.utoronto.ca/~cpercy/courses/6362Pickard2.htm
2. Kern, Robert, Orientalism, Modernism and the American Poem, NY: Cambridge UP, 1996.
3. Pound, Ezra, "Selected Poems of Ezra Pound," NY: New Directions, 1956.
4. Rexroth, Kenneth, World Outside the Window, NY: New Directions, 1987. (Essays include "The Influence of Classical Japanese Poetry on Modern American Poetry" and "The Art of Literature")


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Series: The Falconer, #1
Publisher: Chronicle Books
Release Date: May 6th, 2014
Genres: Historical, Paranormal, YA
Source: Bought it
Goodreads | Purchase
Lady Aileana Kameron, the only daughter of the Marquess of Douglas, was destined for a life carefully planned around Edinburgh's social events – right up until a faery killed her mother.
Now it's the 1844 winter season and Aileana slaughters faeries in secret, in between the endless round of parties, tea and balls. Armed with modified percussion pistols and explosives, she sheds her aristocratic facade every night to go hunting. She's determined to track down the faery who murdered her mother, and to destroy any who prey on humans in the city's many dark alleyways.
But the balance between high society and her private war is a delicate one, and as the fae infiltrate the ballroom and Aileana's father returns home, she has decisions to make. How much is she willing to lose – and just how far will Aileana go for revenge?
Well. It has finally happened. For weeks and weeks I've seen people praising The Falconer, or rather, Kiaran *cough*. Naturally, I had to read this, because who doesn't love a good, swoony love interest? Add the whole faery-killing premise and you've got me wanting to read this.
Fortunately, the Falconer didn't disappoint. I did think it was lacking in certain departments, but overall, it's a solid and engaging story. The book opens with our protagonist, Aileana, attending a ball and killing a faery. I've seen a few complaints that the beginning was too slow, but I was sucked into the story right away. Aileana is a faery-killing machine, and May doesn't hold back on descriptions when it comes to fighting scenes. There are a lot of fighting scenes though, and if you're not really into that you might find yourself getting bored with this book. Fortunately, I'm all for fighting scenes and I immensely enjoyed Aileana's badassness. The book mostly switches between balls and kills, and that is basically Aileana's life for you.
After her mother's death, Aileana fells empty and angry. It was a faery that killed her mother, and Aileana wants revenge. Believe me, May did an exceptional job describing Aileana's inner turmoil and the all-consuming rage. Aileana's character is alternately hollow and full of anger – her need for revenge drips off th pages. However, May still managed to make Aileana feel like an actual person, not just some kind of badass killing machine (though she is that, too). Aileana gets a good portion of character growth throughout The Falconer and I found myself really enjoying her character.
Some of the other characters were developed well too, for example Kiaran and Derrick. However, I found other characters to be a bit lacking in depth. Aileana's friend, her father, her friend's brother…. They were there, but I never got a good grasp on their characters. Although I was too busy enjoying the story to really care. Kiaran is a well-rounded character, and I loved him. At first, I didn't really feel for him – or for the romance, for that matter – but somewhere halfway through I started shipping him and Aileana. Kiaran's just such a wonderful and troubled character, and I wished we got to see even more of him. Derrick, a tiny pixie living with Aileana, was just plain wonderful. His comments were often funny and I absolutely loved the scenes were he was drunk on honey. Hilarious!
As for the story itself… Hmmm. I really enjoyed the clever plot and all the badassness happening, but I wish I would've had more of a grasp on the world and the faeries. The story takes place in Scotland, but except for the occasional "aye" I never really felt that. I also didn't really care much for the steampunk elements in the story, but I've got to admit I just really care about steampunk at all, so that might work out better for others. What did leave me disappointed were the faeries. Aside from the fact that they were called faeries, I just never really felt that they actually were faeries. They could've been any kind of creature, and I would have believed it. Although I enjoyed the way May played with their different powers and "tastes", I never really saw them as actual faeries. There were a lot of descriptions of the different kinds of faeries, but that was really it.
In all though, I really enjoyed The Falconer! It's an action-packed adventure with some great characters and a clever story. However, can we talk about that ending for a second? CRUEL. There are endings, and then there are endings. This book didn't end, it just stopped. MAJOR cliffhanger. Seriously, the book basically stopped in the middle of a sen-
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text: A large number of medical malpractice lawsuits stem from the misdiagnosis of a medical condition, illness or injury. When a doctor's diagnosis error leads to incorrect treatment, delayed treatment or no treatment at all, a patient's condition can be made much worse, and they may even die. If you or a loved one has experience misdiagnosis, Keosian Berberian LLP can help.


text: Professors John Lovett of Loyola University Law School and Evelyn Wilson of Southern University joined the Real Property Committee at its monthly meeting on Wednesday, July 31, 2013. Professors Lovett and Wilson discussed their new Louisiana property law casebook, which is being published next yet. This is the first Louisiana property law textbook in thirty years. The members enjoyed an interesting discussion of many topics, from servitude law to expropriation. The Committee will welcome Aimee Quirk, Advisor to the Mayor on Economic Development, City of New Orleans at the August meeting to be held on August 28, 2013.


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Did you know that you can stick your hand through a bubble without popping it? All you have to do is make sure your hand is covered in soap.
Soap molecules bond to each other, so putting a soapy hand through a bubble won't pop it -- but if you put a dry hand inside it will pop immediately. Anything that fractures the thin layer of water molecules can cause a bubble to burst.
Bubbles are an incredible natural phenomenon that demonstrate a lot about physics, geometry, and math.
Bubbles will always revert to a spherical shape since the liquid shell of a bubble constantly tugs inward due to surface tension. The water molecules try to minimize the surface area of the bubble. A sphere is the shape with the least amount of surface area while containing volume.
Check out the video above to see what a soap bubble looks like when it pops in slow motion.


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An evaluation of water circulation and contaminant transport models for the Intra-American Seas
Document Type
Publication details
Baban, SMJ & Jules-Moore, S 2005, 'An evaluation of water circulation and contaminant transport models for the Intra-American Seas', West Indian Journal of Engineering, vol. 27. no. 2, pp. 1-17.
The definitive publisher-authenticated version is available online at: http://www.eng.uwi.tt/units/wije/archives/2702_jan05/water_circulation.pdf
The Intra-American Seas (IAS) consists of a number of small islands with high coastline to area ratios. These coastal areas often support the majority of an islands population, are utilized for various socio-economic activities and provide habitats for unique, fragile ecosystems. The islands and the juxtapose landmasses that make up the Caribbean Region are interconnected by the water bodies that surround them. Interaction with coastal sea processes generated by the surrounding waters can pose a potential threat to sustainability of these systems, by providing a medium for the transport of contaminants introduced by accidental spillage, unregulated dumping and river discharge. This paper has examined water circulation in the IAS to identify the regional processes and characteristics that contribute to the dynamics of water circulation. Seasonal and inter-annual variations in tidal regimes, currents, air and sea surface temperatures in addition to bathymetry all seem to contribute to the observed circulation and dispersion of the waters contents. The identified processes were then used to inform the evaluation of a number of existing circulation models for the IAS. A number of circulation models exist that can in general be adapted for the region with some modifications and limitations, however the POM and NRL/NLOM were identified as being most relevant. The capabilities of these models in terms of their computational methodology to determine the influence of regional characteristics on the transport of contaminants have been evaluated to determine potential limits to their operations as they relate to the Region.


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Decoupage For sale0 comments Posted by MissyG at 14:42
Been starting to have a clear out and have these decoupage sheets for sale. While you are here why not have a browse through my other items for sale - am open to offers!
3 different Disney images - not die cut 2 sheets(both same)Fairy Poppets is die cut
2 sheets Christmas - not die cut Rock Hard fairy - not diecut
All the above together - £3.50 including P&P
Jolly Nation Decoupage NOT diecut
4 sheets of decoupage and 2 backing papers
£2.75 including P&P
Lot 3
Jolly Nation Christmas - NOT diecut
5 sheets of decoupage and 4 backing papers
£4.00 including P&P
Also if someone wants to buy all the sheets - 15 in total and 6 backing papers - will do a deal for £8 including P&P
just email me
A few more bits for sale0 comments Posted by MissyG at 14:48
A few more stamps for sale0 comments Posted by MissyG at 18:20
Stamps and Dies for sale0 comments Posted by MissyG at 12:29
All stamps are in good condition with just a minimal amount of staining from use of Stazon ink.
Click on picture for a larger image.
Love Elsie Cody Icons clear stamps
Useful for boys cards
sheet approx 10cm x15cm
£4 including P&P
Love Elsie
Cody Letter Jacket Alphabet stamps
Sheet size approx 10cmx15cm
£5 including P&P
Sizzix sizzlits medium Wedding cake die
Brand new, never opened
£3 Including P&P
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Hi stamping friends 🙂 It's time for a new challenge at The Card Concept and this week we're inspired by some lucky shamrocks:
Sadly I don't have a huge collection of St. Patrick's Day stamps, but I do have this fun image from Fresh Squeezed Stamps which closed long ago 🙁 This was a super easy card, I simply added a few pops of green to the sentiment, then paired the image with some green plaid dsp and a few sequins and done!
Check out some inspiration from the rest of the design team! There is such a wide variety of stamping styles on this team, and the designs always amaze me!
Shannon McComb
Michele K. Henderson
Mixed Media
Thanks so much for stopping by! I hope you'll find some time to play along with us this week!


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SIM data usage is more often than not controlled by the customer through their hardware solution. There are many factors which can influence the quantity of data transmitted and hence received, but how the customer configures their hardware to transmit via the SIM is the biggest determinant of how much data will realistically be used. That being said, there is always a slight doubt as to what the hardware is capable of meaning that data usage could spiral out of control at any point.
Airtime agreements specify the limits for data usage, encapsulated by a data bundle. The data bundle is what the customer should gauge said usage against. Any additional usage above this pre-agreed bundle amount will be charged at the rate agreed in the contract.
Over the public APN, usage can be stopped by applying a high usage bar on the SIMs at network level. Please note this only applies to UK based SIMs (Vodafone, EE and O2). Telenor and Aspider allow the application of an alert when the SIM breaches its contracted allowance. However, the SIM will still remain active and will transmit data until it is deactivated.
Over the private APN, usage can be blocked of via the application of a quota. Data quotas specify an upper limit, which when breached, will completely cut off the SIM until it is requested to be lifted or extended. As well as the quota, alerts can be applied at any point so there is knowledge prior to the quota being exceeded for example. This allows the best management as the quota can be removed upon reception of this alert or appropriate action can be taken to allow the SIM to continue working.
Please note, customers who would like to use the private APN will be required to purchase Concirrus SIMSafe. Find out everything you need to know about the hosted VPN in the cloud here.


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They have mouthparts folded under their heads that can shoot out like a spear-thrower and grab their prey between vise-like "jaws". They can walk slowly or move quickly by jet propulsion. Aliens from Mercury? No…dragonfly nymphs from earthly streams, possibly with mercury inside them.
Visit the Mercury in Dragonfly project webpage.
Last updated: April 14, 2015


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- Case Report
- Open Access
Carbonization of a radicular cyst using fiber-optic diode laser: a case report
- Panagiotis Kafas1Email author and
- Sotirios Kalfas2
© Kafas and Kalfas; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2008
- Received: 11 August 2008
- Accepted: 19 August 2008
- Published: 19 August 2008
A female patient, 51 years old, complaint of painful swelling on the anatomical area of the upper left lateral incisor. The diagnosis of radicular cyst was confirmed histo-pathologically. Nowadays, radicular cysts may be treated using conventional root canal methods or surgical apicectomy. The possible soft-laser reaction to radicular cysts after contact application has not been investigated. We present an in vitro case of a diagnosed radicular cyst which carbonized after contact application of diode laser. The need for future clinical trials will be essential to prove the sensitivity of this procedure in humans.
- Methylene Blue
- Diode Laser
- Root Canal
- Cystic Cavity
- Endodontic Treatment
Case report
A Caucasian female patient, 51 years old presented to the clinic with swelling of the anterior upper jaw. The patient was working is store house. She was smoking 20 cigarettes per day for 20 years. She was drinking alcohol occasionally. The medical history revealed previous surgical procedure for appendicectomy. The dental history was free apart from routine dental procedures such as fillings and prosthetics. The patient was 58 kg weight and 167 cm height. The clinical and radiographic examination revealed a periapical lesion of the upper left lateral incisor.
It was decided to extract the tooth which was severely decayed and non restorable. The upper left incisor was extracted with the associated periapical lesion. The tooth with the soft-tissue lesion was stored in buffered formalin for 24 hours and decalcified. The decalcification was carried out to cut the tooth longitudinally. This allowed the processing of specimens for their diagnostic microscopic evaluation. The pathological examination showed the atrophic epithelial lining of radicular cyst.
Radicular cysts are the most common inflammatory tooth-associated cystic lesions [1]. Their treatment is mainly based on lege artis endodontic treatment or surgical excision of the cyst lining with apicectomy [2, 3]. These two well established procedures are considered the golden standards for the management of such lesions.
A diode laser causes warming, welding, coagulation, protein denaturization, drying, vaporization, and carbonization of the target tissue [4]. Diode-laser treatment of targeted periapical lesions has not been used in the past.
Diode-laser carbonization of radicular cysts may be effective using fiber-optic technology. The only prerequisite is the measurement of the tooth length for correctly placing the fiber through the root canal into the cystic cavity. Hypothetically, the limitations to the application of this technique maybe the impaired defense mechanism, the smoke released in the closed cavity, the vital adjacent tissues (air sinuses, nerves, vessels) and the burning of bone. Considering, that the root is mechanically open during endodontic treatment the use of micro-suction tips may be found useful in releasing the generated smoke out of the cystic cavity. Diode laser is soft light energy, therefore the expected damage of the surrounding bone should be considered minimal.
Future research need to be carried out to assess the effectiveness of this procedure in clinical trials. Possibly another cost-effective tool may be added to the armamentarium of the dentists for future applications.
While this technique may have some applications as a possible new technique the research needs to be exhaustive. We are already aware of the capabilities of small fibre laser and the effect of lasers on soft tissues but the effect of lasers used in an enclosed space in living bone is of interest. To be taken further it would presumably need rigorous testing on animals.
"Written informed consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this case report and accompanying images. A copy of the written consent is available for review by the Editor-in-Chief of this journal."
Authors' Affiliations
- Soames JV, Southam JC: Cysts of the jaws and oral soft tissues. Oral Pathology. Edited by: Soames JV, Southam JC. 1999, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 73-92. 3Google Scholar
- Garcia CC, Sempere FV, Diago MP, Bowen EM: The post-endodontic periapical lesion: histologic and etiopathogenic aspects. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2007, 12: E585-590.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- Komori T, Yokoyama K, Takato T, Matsumoto K: Clinical application of the erbium: YAG laser for apicoectomy. J Endod. 1997, 23: 748-750. 10.1016/S0099-2399(97)80348-2.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Sarver DM, Yanosky M: Principles of cosmetic dentistry in orthodontics: Part 2. Soft tissue laser technology and cosmetic gingival contouring. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthoped. 2005, 127: 85-90. 10.1016/j.ajodo.2004.07.035.View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Williams TM, Cobb CM, Rapley JW, Killoy WJ: Histologic evaluation of alveolar bone following CO2 laser removal of connective tissue from periodontal defects. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 1995, 15: 497-506.PubMedGoogle Scholar
This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.


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...or it could be the pugilist buck that out-boxed the estrus urine soaked hunter in OlP's comic video. Now, years later, after much practice and the realization his head is made of daggers. I imagine that ole buck is still quite bitter. Just imagine yourself in his hooves...all tuned up for procreation only to find out at the last minute your partner is not what she is supposed to be.
Just looking at that, some PETA couch-potato will no doubt blame a hunter.
Quote from: Old Philosopher on November 21, 2017, 10:01:53 PMJust looking at that, some PETA couch-potato will no doubt blame a hunter.LOLPictures with out an explanation do cause some wrong ideas LOL......This pic was posted on facebook of ....Steven Spielberg with a bunch of comments....can't post the here as there are a lot of bad words, and name calling for "killing an extinct dinosaur"...Hunters are bad, the poor dinosaurs are endangered.....Bla Blahttps://twitter.com/cssgareth/status/487535353935704065....
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One man got the idea to honor black cats and highlight their plight as the last to be adopted at many shelters by designating Wednesday, August 17 as Black Cat Appreciation Day. Thanks to successful social networking efforts over the summer, the online event and its offshoots have made the day a big success.
Wayne Morris got the notion to honor both his sister and a beloved family pet, along with black cats everywhere, when he chose August 17 as Black Cat Appreciation Day earlier this year. He networked tirelessly and received hundreds of photos and notes posted to the wall of his Facebook event page Black Cat Appreciation DAY!!!!!!!!!! . As of this writing there are well over 33,000 virtual attendees to the Facebook event page honoring our gorgeous black feline friends, and the appreciation day has caught on and spread.
We have seen other pages for it, articles commemorating the day without even realizing Wayne's hand in the matter, and special adoption events at shelters.
Why August 17, when we usually associate black cats with October and Halloween? Wayne's sister passed away some years ago on this date at the age of 33, just two months after the passing of her beloved 2o year old black cat Sinbad. While the day honors Sinbad and all black cats, the date was chosen to celebrate the bond we have and the love we share with our pets.
Wayne tells us that his father initially refused to allow a black cat into the family home, so his experience with the archaic yet lingering superstition about them is personal. We thank Wayne for his tireless work promoting this day … we know he has stayed up nights, going days without sleep at times, in his role as ambassador for black cats, for many weeks leading up to this day.
In addition to today's special event page, Wayne has an appreciation page on Facebook For the Love of black Cats (Black Cat Appreciation Page), which will remain active going forward.
You may also like
17 thoughts on "Black Cat Appreciation Day"
Congrats to all black cats. They are so beautiful I cannot understand WHY in the world they are the LAST to be adopted – just DOES NOT make any sense to me whatsoever. BLACK CATS ROCK!
Love my little black cat girl Sushi! Best cat I've had…and there's been alot of kittehs over the years. She's getting extra cuddles and lap sitting tonight!
I wish I had photos! I had a great one as a kid – my dog found her, brought her home and raised her!
They are the greatest victims of witchcraft and pagan sacrifices in some places.
This is a late reply…but, this is not so correct. MOST black cats have been killed by so-called "Christians". Witches and Pagans, are, in general, not into living sacrifices. There are some who practice the Dark Arts, but, they tend to not be around very long. Google the history of black cats to see the inhumane treatment they have received at the hands of these religious fanatics.
My Pixie was the cutest black cat ever! She was so tiny but boy could she let herself be heard! When she wanted to play chase she would run throught the house and meow as loud as she could until I chased her. She was so cute. I sure miss her. But I have two foundlings that I love and one of them is a tux cat. But I sure liked Pixie's looks. She had a sleek, shiny black coat that was very soft.
I love black cats. I have one now and he's a total clown. He's a little person in a cat body, lol. When it comes time to adopt a cat, I always get a black one. They are so beautiful.
some people just suck Fernando. Hurray for the rest of you.
Black cats are my favourite. I have 2 – Marmite and Kiri and I love them to bits. They are very loyal to me and my husband thinks I'm a witch with 2 black cats following me around all day and everywhere I go in the house. Perhaps that's why he calls me 'Vic on a Stick!!' the broomstick doesn't come out much though!! 🙂
Didn't you know all women are witches at heart?
Love my beautiful black bombay kitty!
I've done cat rescue in the past & dozens of kitties have lived with me. I've cared for all sorts of cats & I've formed some favourities. I have had several black cats including a black Oriental & my current black Maine Coon & along with gingers & Himilayans I have to say they are always the smartest cats with the biggest personalities. Get your own mini panther & you will never regret it 🙂
Lost my little Lucy (booboo) one year ago. she only lit up my life for a year but what a girl!! miss her madly still and I think i always will…
I didn't know about this appreciation day for black cats … will know next year. Our black cat is named Dolly, one year old. Please feel free to post about your black cat in general or if need of rescue at our website or on Facebook: I Love Black Cats
My Black cat Annabelle was feral and timid when I first got her (all 7 pds of her) but now she is the friendliest, possibly-the-most-intelligent cat I have ever had the pleasure to live with….as long as I attend to her every whim.
Have to go, I am being summoned.
I love my black Cat, Tutsi….
Especially here in Kenya,with all the witchcraft and taboo's in African societies, there is soo much MYTH about black cats…
I have has cats all colours, and love my black one all the same, maybe even more because i know she is special…..
Our black cat Tilly was loving, intelligent, vocal, full of personality and we were so lucky to have her!!! This static is stupid! Adopt a black cat, they are beautidyllic and NOT 'unlucky' at all!!!


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Peter Murphy
It's an all-Bauhaus set from the frontman of that long-ago split-up band of Brit brooders, and it's a sellout and part of an extensive tour on two continents. That's a little surprising, given that the post-punk Bauhaus were never much more than cult fare even in their heyday, 30-plus years ago, and Murphy's solo career since has been solid but hardly the stuff of retrospectives. But such is their dark shadow over all the goth-y stuff since that it'll make for a house full of black and a rousing version of "Bela Lugosi's Dead." (And in the battle of that era's touring outfits in town tonight — The English Beat, more like a ska all-star act these days, are downtown at the Opera House — edge goes to the Murph.) Lee's Palace, doors 9 p.m.
The Good Family
Two generations of Goods, as in the Good Brothers and the Sadies, have performed together from time to time, and now one of the country's first families of alt-country get together in this second of two nights on Ossington for the release party of The Good Family Album. As you might expect, it's warm and tasty stuff, and all of it new material and thus unlike those earlier jammy get-togethers on stage. Dakota, doors 7 p.m.
Feast in the East
Food, meet tunes; Tunes, food. To mark two years of matching vegan omelettes with garage rock, to name just a couple of items on their wide-ranging menu, an anniversary show is celebrated with psych-leaning sets from locals Absolutely Free (of DD/MM/YYYY pedigree), Fresh Snow, Ostrich Tuning, Black Walls and perhaps some equally palate-expanding edibles. Polyhaus, 9 p.m.


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Spain is the third largest country in western Europe, located between the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. It also has two archipelagos and two separate autonomous cities in Northern Africa.
The Spanish territories also include the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean and the Canary Islands on the African Coast.
The National Health Service of Spain has a wide network of hospitals and health centres located throughout the country. The health centres provide primary healthcare services that include family and GP services, nursing and paediatrics, social workers and physiotherapists. The healthcare centres are, in theory, located within fifteen minutes of a person's place of residence. Additionally, if circumstances require, it is possible for the medical professionals to go to the patient's residence.
The healthcare system in Spain is considered to be very good. Spanish hospitals are modern and well-equipped. The doctors are also excellent. Although there are some differences in the policies of the Spanish and British health systems, generally speaking, they are quite similar. The biggest difference between the two is the role of the nurse. Spanish nurses are efficient and well-trained but they do not perform the way British nurses do; feeding and personal care in Spain are normally taken care of by the family of the patient.
If you plan on living in Spain, keep in mind that most of the medical staff do not speak English. However, you can always seek a voluntary translation service when you set an appointment with your doctor. It is advisable to make sure that this service is available in the area of Spain that you intend to live.
If you are an expatriate or a visitor coming from another European Member state, you are generally free from hospital and medical care expenses. Having presented your European Health Card (EHC), you will be attended to by a general practitioner at your local centre. If you are not able to make it to your local health centre, the general practitioner will pay you a visit. If the situation requires you to see a specialist or be admitted to a hospital, the general practitioner will give you a referral or a medical certificate. Most hospitals in Spain also have Accident and Emergency departments.
With your EHC, you can receive similar healthcare to that of a Spanish citizen. Expiration dates are indicated on the EHC and they are not valid in Liechtenstein, Iceland, Norway, and Switzerland. Private hospitals and some general practitioners in Spain will not honour an EHC. The EHC is available from relevant healthcare organisations in your country of origin.
During your stay in Spain, if there is a need for a specific treatment, e.g. haemodialysis, you are required to fill out an E-112 form. You will also need authorisation from an appropriate institution from your home country. Dental treatment is not generally covered in Spain, with the exception of emergency extractions.
If you happen to forget your EHC card, it is your responsibility to pay for you pharmaceutical, medical and hospital bills in advance. By providing your receipts, you can seek a reimbursement from the appropriate healthcare organisation in your own country.
Bear in mind that your EHC is not applicable if you travel to Spain for the sole purpose of seeking medical treatments. This also applies to other EU participating countries.
Spain has some form of a bilateral agreement with counties such as Peru, Paraguay, Ecuador, Chile, Brazil and Andorra, and these citizens can also avail of free hospitalisation and medical care in cases of medical emergencies or accidents. You simply have to present the corresponding health certificate from your country of origin. In the event that you do not have the certificate with you, simply pay for the doctors, the hospitalisation and the medicines upfront. Ask your healthcare service or insurance provider to fully refund your expenses. Just be sure to present the necessary receipts.
View our international health insurance plans for individuals, professionals, students and families.


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About that study showing prejudice declining under Trump…
28 minutes ago
Politics And One Mother With A Keyboard. Because in front of every informed voter is a frightened politician.
How do you know Borders has truly given up?: I went to the store at the Pentagon City Mall Friday to hunt for a bargain now that the chain is going out of business. With 100+ degree heat outside, they had turned off the air conditioning inside.
Hackers in Union County, North Carolina used a Department of Transportation traffic sign to display their own message. (Photo: WSOCTV.com)From Yahoo snapshots
Conservatives, Tea Partiers, and libertarians have fought together against taxes and spending in recent years. It's now time for a third front — a war on regulations. Regulations are what is keeping the unemployment rate so high and federal revenues so low — they're as big a deterrent to hiring as taxation — and they suck $1.75 trillion a year out of the economy. That's why I'm so glad to see this third front open up as part of the current debt battle in Washington. The GOP Conference Secretary, John Carter (R., Texas) had this to say today:"We don't need new taxes, we need new taxpayers," says Carter, the author of the Take off the Brakes on the American Economy Act, H.R.1235. "Increasing federal revenue by having more Americans working and paying taxes is the only painless treatment for our deficit illness, and the only goal with universal non-partisan support. Instead of spending and taxing to fight the deficit, we can do so with the truly unique approach of having the federal government do nothing for a couple years."Three cheers from me and the rest of the gang who've been campaigning against excessive regulations for years (see, for example, our annual Ten Thousand Commandments report, or my book). This has to be part of the conversation from now on, and if people like Representative Carter continue to show leadership like this, it will be.
The Take off the Brakes Act would place a 2-year moratorium on new federal regulations. The guarantee of a stable regulatory climate would free businesses and investors from fear of the oncoming tsunami of Obama Administration red tape, thereby jump-starting new investment in private infrastructure and market expansion. The American business community is estimated to be sitting on trillions of dollars of investment capital that could spark a massive growth in jobs and income, but is afraid to invest with the uncertainty of the current regulatory and economic environment.
"Businesses can't and won't hire if they continue to be inundated by job-killing new federal regulations on everything from construction costs to power production to health insurance," says Carter. "The resulting 9.2% jobless rate means millions of unemployed families are not contributing payroll taxes while draining federal funds through extended unemployment benefits. If we simply get our folks back to work we will make a dramatic improvement by increasing federal revenues through positive economic growth."
For more, see John Berlau and Wayne Crews in today's Politico.
"the difference between a billion and a trillion is huge and we should be very worried when our government starts talking about needing trillions of dollars. Let's put it this way; a billion seconds is 32 years, a trillion seconds is 32,000 years."So even if we paid a dollar-a-second, it would take 128,000 years to pay off just $4 trillion out of the, what, +$9 trillion we owe?
I always figure that people who feel this way do so because they think they're better at sucking up to authority figures than at creating value on their own. And my guess is, they're right about that.
Using data from the National Science Foundation and other sources, the analysis reported below concludes that under conservative assumptions, R&D investment in new and improved pharmaceuticals and devices and equipment would be reduced by about $10 billion per year over the period 2014 through 2025, or about 10-12 percent. This reduction in the advance of medical technology would impose an expected loss of about 5 million life-years annually, with a conservative economic value of $500 billion, an amount substantially greater than the entire U.S. market for pharmaceuticals and devices and equipment.
PROF. W. JOSEPH CAMPBELL: Imprecise, overwrought Watergate analogies emerge in Murdoch scandal. What it is, in the United States, is media battlespace preparation, trying to neutralize Fox News between now and the 2012 election. In Britain, it's also about ensuring the reduction of alternative power centers.UPDATE: Reader Steve Eimers writes: I find the phone hacking allegations deeply disturbing and hope if true those guilty will be prosecuted to the fullest extent of the law. I do think the anger is a bit fake though. POTUS Obama just nominated Richard Cordray to lead the new consumer bureau. This is the same guy who used taxpayer dollars to defend partisan democrat appointees who illegally accessed Ohio state databases in an effort to dig up dirt on Joe 'the plumber.'


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Monday, October 10, 2016
$22 million cash hidden in buckets is all legit, defense lawyers say
How to get Customers to Read Emails; The silent evolution of domain names; Samsung acquires Viv, a next-gen AI assistant built by the creators of Apple's Siri; Google's most ambitious new product isn't its fancy new phone; Google Launches Corporate Blog 'The Keyword' on .Google Domain; How to Create Great Content People Will Love (and Share); Why Google Daydream Could Be The Future Of Virtual Reality; Mark Cuban: 'Would I invest in the cannabis industry? No.' 10 Years After An Inconvenient Truth, Al Gore May Actually Be Winning and.. An Inside Look at Snapchat's New Advertising API Technology
Posted by The Frager Factor at 11:30 AM
Labels: .google, bust, cannabis, content, email, google, google daydream, hydroponics, marijuana, mark cuban, siri, snapchat. domain names, virtual assistant, virtual reality, viv


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You may not know it, but your kids are in danger when they play video games. There are many King of Thieves Hack out there that allow your kids to communicate with other people. In a perfect society, this wouldn't be a bad thing, but unfortunately, this leaves your children open to encounters from predators. Read on for some tips that will keep your kids safe during their gaming sessions.
If you feel when you push up, you should really be looking down, then invert the axis in your control settings. Some people just don't feel the axis controls are correct when they get a video game. That's easy to take care of. Many games give you the option to invert the control schemes in the setting's area.
Monitor your child's video game playing time. Video games are extremely fun and very addictive. A child can get sucked into a game for hours on end if there is no parental supervision. Pay attention to the child's time and force breaks and maximum playing times to make sure your youngster still enjoys the world around him.
Watch the experts. Youtube and other video sites are filled with people showing off their skills in every King of Thieves Hacks imaginable, so take advantage of this resource. Stuck on a particularly challenging level? See exactly what it takes to get past it from someone who has done it before. You might see the very technique or item you need to finally master your game.
Almost every game comes with parental controls. You may need to check if you can use this game online. If so, you may want to limit the access to the Internet that your children have. You should also look at friends lists and messages to ensure they are playing it safe.
Before you get a used game that's been out for a while, search Youtube or another video sharing site for a review. People review older games all the time, and you can see what it looks like before spending any money. Don't get stuck paying for a game that you won't enjoy.
Get in shape with video games. Many video games are now interactive and use your body movement. If you are getting bored with your exercise routine or don't have one yet, invest in a King of Thieves Cheats and get into shape. You will find yourself having a great time and getting in shape all at once.
Play video games and get into shape. Many new video games are played by using actual movement of your body. If you are interested in getting into better shape, research the new video games that can help you do that. Then, pop in a game and get moving and become healthier.
Monitor your child's video game playing. Video games are now rated just like movies and that can help. This allows you to monitor the content your child is exposed to. Depending on your child's age, keep him away from games that are intended for those who are more mature than him.
Remember to take regular breaks when playing video games. When you are playing video games for extended periods of time without any breaks, your eyes can start to dry out and become sore. Therefore, it is important to take a 15 minute break from video games at least once every 2 hours.
If your child pays a lot of video games, it is important to enforce limits. However, in this situation, you need to lead by example. Don't spend all day wrapped up in your computer or on another technology device, or your child will think it is okay to do that with their games. Do other things as well, and make sure your child recognizes that you have other interests.
Today a lot of the most popular and enjoyable games out there are available free-of-charge. Be aware that developers rarely produce these games out of the goodness of their hearts. Figure out where they intend to make a profit, i.e., how the game encourages you to spend money. Whether or not such King of Thieves Hack Gems are worth your money is your own decision, but you should understand the mechanism that's intended to make the game profitable.
When you have kids who play video games, you will want to ensure the video games they play are age appropriate. You can check the ratings on the video game packaging to guide your selection of an appropriate game. There are violent games, which may be ones that you don't want to buy.
If you choose not to preorder (or just forgot to), you can maybe still benefit the first day or two a game comes out. Many retailers bundle a freshly released game with a gift card or certificate worth ten or twenty dollars. This can make buying a new game at launch much cheaper.
Buy a good connection for video. Most consoles come with different connection options for different displays. Does your TV support more than one type of connection? Whenever you can, it's best to use DVI or HDMI to get the best signal possible so the picture is very clear. After them, the best are S-Video, Composite, and RCA. Coaxial connectors are what people mostly find, but they're lower in quality than the rest. You should only have these connections if you can't use anything else.
Become aware of the recent trends in King of Thieves Gem Hack to take advantage of the technological innovations that are out on the market today. The new Wii controller has a motion sensor, which is something that you may want to experience in your game play. Always be on the lookout for new trends to optimize your gaming experience.
Kids face the risk of interacting with predators when they play video games with communication abilities. This risk can put them in danger, that is, unless you know how to keep them safe. Through your intervention, and with the tips from this article, you can keep your kids safe the next time they go online to play a King of Thieves Mod Apk.


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Woodland Scenics Rock Mold, Facet Rock
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This product was added to our catalog on February 20, 2014