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From Wikipedia"
The Ilyushin Il-2 (Cyrillic: Илью́шин Ил-2) was a ground-attack aircraft (Cyrillic: Штурмови́к, Šturmovík) in the Second World War, produced by the Soviet Union in very large numbers. With 36,183 examples of the Il-2 produced during the war, and in combination with its successor, the Ilyushin Il-10, a total of 42,330 were built, making it the single most produced military aircraft design in all of aviation history, as well as one of the most produced piloted aircraft in history along with the American postwar civilian Cessna 172 and the Soviet Union's own Polikarpov Po-2 Kukuruznik biplane, itself sometimes seen side-by-side with the big armored Ilyushin monoplane on the front lines.
To Il-2 pilots, the aircraft was simply the diminutive "Ilyusha". To the soldiers on the ground, it was the "Hunchback", the "Flying Tank" or the "Flying Infantryman". Its postwar NATO reporting name was "Bark". The Il-2 aircraft played a crucial role on the Eastern Front. Joseph Stalin paid the Il-2 a great tribute in his own inimitable manner: when a particular production factory fell behind on its deliveries, Stalin sent an angrily-worded cable to the factory manager, stating "They are as essential to the Red Army as air and bread. "I demand more machines. This is my final warning!"
The idea for a Soviet armored ground-attack aircraft dates to the early 1930s, when Dmitry Pavlovich Grigorovich designed TSh-1 and TSh-2 armored biplanes. However, Soviet engines at the time lacked the power needed to provide the heavy aircraft with good performance. Il-2 was designed by Sergey Ilyushin and his team at the Central Design Bureau in 1938. TsKB-55 was a two-seat aircraft with an armoured shell weighing 700 kg (1,540 lb), protecting crew, engine, radiators, and the fuel tank. Standing loaded, the Ilyushin weighed more than 4,700 kg (10,300 lb), making the armoured shell about 15% of the aircraft's gross weight. Uniquely for a World War II attack aircraft, and similarly to the forward fuselage design of the World War I-era Imperial German Junkers J.I armored, all-metal biplane, the Il-2's armor was designed as a load-bearing part of the Ilyushin's monocoque structure, thus saving considerable weight. The prototype TsKB-55, which first flew on 2 October 1939, won the government competition against Sukhoi Su-6 and received VVS designation BSh-2. The prototypes - TsKB-55 and TskB-57 - were built at Moscow plant #39, at that time the Ilyushin design bureau's base.The BSh-2 was overweight and underpowered, with the original Mikulin AM-35 1,022 kW (1,370 hp) engine designed to give its greatest power outputs at high altitude. Because of this it was redesigned as the TsKB-57, a lighter single-seat design, with the more powerful 1,254 kW (1,680 hp) Mikulin AM-38 engine, a development of the AM-35 optimised for low level operation. The TsKB-57 first flew on 12 October 1940. The production aircraft passed State Acceptance Trials in March 1941, and was redesignated Il-2 in April. Deliveries to operational units commenced in May 1941.
The 23 mm armament of Il-2 was subject to a competition. One of the first 1940 photographs of the Il-2 show it equipped with two MP-6 guns developed by Jacob Taubin (Яков Таубин) at OKB-16. The MP-6 gun weighed 70 kg and developed an initial muzzle velocity of 900 m/s. It operated on the short recoil principle and had a rate of fire of about 600 rpm. (The development of the MP-6 gun can be traced back to 1937. The initial version was tested in the spring of 1940 on a Bf 110 bought from Germany, because there was no suitable Soviet aircraft on which to mount it. In the summer of 1940 it was tested on the Pashinin I-21.) Factory trials of the MP-6 gun on the Il-2 were conducted in August 1940. In the early Il-2 prototypes, these guns were fed by 81-round clips. In flight, these clips sometimes became dislodged because of their large surface, which caused them to experience significant aerodynamic pressure. Competitive tests were conducted in the spring of 1941 between the MP-6 gun modified to belt-fed and the newly developed, gas-operated Volkov-Yartsev VYa-23, which had otherwise rather similar characteristics. The VYa-23 was declared winner at this trial. Subsequently, in May 1941, development of the MP-6 gun was terminated and Taubin was arrested and summarily executed in October that year.
The Il-2 is a single-engine, propeller-driven, low-wing monoplane of mixed construction with a crew of two (one in early versions), specially designed for assault operations. Its most notable feature was the inclusion of armor in an airframe load-bearing scheme. Armor plates replaced the frame and paneling throughout the nacelle and middle part of the fuselage, and an armored hull made of riveted homogeneous armor steel AB-1 (AB-2) secured the aircraft's engine, cockpit, water and oil radiators, and fuel tanks.
The Il-2 was eventually produced in vast quantities, becoming the single most widely produced military aircraft in aviation history, but only 249 had been built by the time Nazi Germany invaded the Soviet Union on 22 June 1941.
Production early in the war was slow because after the German invasion the aircraft factories near Moscow and other major cities in western Russia had to be moved east of the Ural Mountains. Ilyushin and his engineers had time to reconsider production methods, and two months after the move Il-2s were again being produced. The tempo was not to Premier Stalin's liking, however, and he issued the following telegram to Shenkman and Tretyakov:
You have let down our country and our Red Army. You have the nerve not to manufacture IL-2s until now. Our Red Army now needs IL-2 aircraft like the air it breathes, like the bread it eats. Shenkman produces one IL-2 a day and Tretyakov builds one or two MiG-3s daily. It is a mockery of our country and the Red Army. I ask you not to try the government's patience, and demand that you manufacture more ILs. This is my final warning.As a result, "the production of Shturmoviks rapidly gained speed. Stalin's notion of the Il-2 being 'like bread' to the Red Army took hold in Ilyushin's aircraft plants and the army soon had their Shturmoviks available in quantity.
The first use in action of the Il-2 was with the 4th ShAP (Ground Attack Regiment) over the Berezina River days after the invasion began. The aircraft was so new that the pilots had no training in flight characteristics or tactics, and the ground crew no training in servicing or re-arming. The training received only enabled the pilots to take-off and land, none of the pilots had fired the armament, let alone learned tactics. There were 249 Il-2s available on 22 June 1941. In the first three days, 4th ShAP had lost 10 Il-2s to enemy action, a further 19 were lost to other causes, and 20 pilots were killed. By 10 July, 4th ShAP was down to 10 aircraft from a strength of 65.
Tactics improved as Soviet aircrews became used to the Il-2's strengths. Instead of a low horizontal straight approach at 50 metres altitude, the target was usually kept to the pilot's left and a turn and shallow dive of 30 degrees was utilized, using an echeloned assault by four to twelve aircraft at a time. Although the Il-2's RS-82 and RS-132 rockets could destroy armored vehicles with a single hit, they were so inaccurate that experienced Il-2 pilots mainly utilized the cannon. Another potent weapon of the Il-2s was the PTAB shaped charge bomblets (protivotankovaya aviabomba, "anti-tank aviation bomb"). They were designated PTAB-2.5-1.5, as they had the size of a 2.5 kg (5.5 lb) bomb, but weighed only 1.5 kg (3.3 lb) due to the empty space in the shaped charge. Up to 192 were carried in four external dispensers (cluster bombs) or up to 220 in the inner wing panels' internal ventral weapon bays. The HEAT charge could easily penetrate the relatively thin upper armor of all heavy German tanks. PTABs were first used on a large scale in the Battle of Kursk.
Thereafter, the Il-2 was widely deployed on the Eastern Front. The aircraft could fly in low light conditions and carried weaponry capable of defeating the thick armor of the Panther and Tiger I tanks.
The true capabilities of the Il-2 are difficult to determine from existing documentary evidence. W. Liss in Aircraft profile 88: Ilyushin Il-2 mentions an engagement during the Battle of Kursk on 7 July 1943, in which 70 tanks from the German 9th Panzer Division were claimed to be destroyed by Ilyushin Il-2s in just 20 minutes. In another report of the action on the same day, a Soviet staff publication states that:
Ground forces highly valued the work of aviation on the battlefield. In a number of instances enemy attacks were thwarted thanks to our air operations. Thus on 7 July enemy tank attacks were disrupted in the Kashara region (13th Army). Here our assault aircraft delivered three powerful attacks in groups of 20-30, which resulted in the destruction and disabling of 34 tanks. The enemy was forced to halt further attacks and to withdraw the remnants of his force north of Kashara.In the Battle of Kursk, General V. Ryazanov became a master in the use of attack aircraft en masse, developing and improving the tactics of Il-2 operations in co-ordination with infantry, artillery and armoured troops. Ryazanov was later awarded the Gold Star of Hero of Soviet Union twice, and the 1st Attack Aircraft Corps under his command became the first unit to be awarded the honorific title of Guards. The Sturmovik nevertheless suffered heavy losses: the Luftwaffe command claimed 6,900 Il-2s in 1943 and 7,300 in 1944. Although these figures were exaggerated by a factor of between 2 to 2.2, the actual losses were substantial. In 1943, one loss corresponded to 26 Sturmovik sorties. About half of those lost were shot down by fighters, the rest falling to anti-aircraft fire.
—Glantz and Orenstein 1999, p. 260.
The main problem with the Il-2 was the inaccuracy of its attacks. Towards the end of war the Soviets were able to concentrate massive numbers of Sturmoviks to support their main offensives. However, particularly against dug-in and armored targets, the effect was often more psychological than actual physical destruction of targets. In the 9 June offensive in the Karelian Isthmus in Finland, the Finnish AA forces were far too few in numbers to counter the armadas of Pe-2 and Il-2, but they quickly found that the Il-2 attacks generally missed their marks widely, particularly with bombs. While some attacks against large unprotected targets such as horse and truck convoys and railyards had devastating results, attacks against dug-in point targets were usually ineffective. The frequent duels between dug-in 20 and 40mm AA guns and Il-2 attackers never resulted in the complete destruction of the gun, while many Il-2s were brought down in these attacks.
The heavy armor of the Il-2 also meant that it would typically carry only comparatively light bomb-loads, which together with the poor accuracy of its attacks made it a far less deadly attack aircraft than the contemporary Allied fighter-bombers such as the Republic P-47 Thunderbolt and Hawker Typhoon. The rocket projectiles especially were not effective, even the larger RS-132 (of which four were carried) having a warhead with only 0.9 kg (2.0 lb) of explosives, which compared poorly with the P-47's typical load of ten 5 inch (13 cm) HVARs with each having a 21 kg (46 lb) warhead, or the 8 to 12 "60 lb" (27 kg) warheads of the Hawker Typhoon's RP-3 rockets. Likewise the Shturmovik's bombs were usually only 50 kg (rarely 100 kg), too small to compensate for the typically wide variation from target point. To compensate for the poor accuracy of the Il-2's bombsight, in 1943 the Soviet Command decided to use shaped-charge armor-piercing projectiles against enemy armored vehicles, and the PTAB-2.5-1.5 SCAP aircraft bomb was put into production. These small-calibre bombs were loaded directly into the bomb bays and were dropped onto enemy vehicles from altitudes up to 100 meters (328 ft). As each Il-2 could carry up to 192 bombs, a fire carpet 70 meters (229 ft.) long and 15 meters (49 ft) wide covered the enemy tanks, giving a high "kill" probability. Pilots of 291st ShAP were the first to use the PTAB-2.5-1.5 bombs. During one sortie on 5 June 1943, six attack aircraft led by Lt. Col. A. Vitrook destroyed 15 enemy tanks in one attack, and during five days of the enemy advance the 291st Division claimed to have destroyed or damaged 422 enemy tanks.
Thanks to the heavy armor protection, the Il-2 could take a great deal of punishment and proved difficult for both ground and aircraft fire to shoot down. One Il-2 in particular was reported to have returned safely to base despite receiving more than 600 direct hits and having all its control surfaces completely shredded as well as numerous holes in its main armor and other structural damage. Some enemy pilots favored aiming down into the cockpit and wing roots in diving attacks on the slow, low-flying Il-2 formations. Several Luftwaffe aces claimed to attack while climbing from behind, out of view of the rear gunner, aiming for the Il-2's non-retractable oil cooler. This has been disputed by some Il-2 pilots in postwar interviews, since Il-2s typically flew very close to the ground (cruise altitudes below 50 m (160 ft) were common) and the radiator protruded a mere 10 cm (4 in) from the aircraft.
A major threat to the Il-2 was German ground fire. In postwar interviews, Il-2 pilots reported 20 mm (0.79 in) and 37 mm (1.46 in) artillery as the primary threat. While the fabled 88 mm (3.46 in) calibre gun was formidable, low-flying Il-2s presented too fast-moving a target for the 88's relatively low rate of fire, and while occasional hits were scored Soviet pilots apparently did not treat the 88 with the same respect as high-altitude Western heavy bomber crews. Similarly the attempts in Finland during summer '44 to augment the small numbers of 20/40mm AA in the field army by heavier 76mm guns drawn from homeland defence proved also relatively ineffective and few Il-2s were downed despite attempting different tactics with time-fused fragmentation, contact-fused, and shrapnel ammunition: the heavy guns simply lacked the reaction times to take advantage of the brief firing opportunities presented by the low-altitude Il-2 attacks. Single-barrel 20mm guns were also found somewhat inadequate due to limited firepower: one or two shells were often not enough to destroy the Il-2, and unless the Il-2 was attacking the gun itself, thus presenting effectively a stationary target, scoring more hits during a firing opportunity was rare. However, a single hit from a 37mm AA gun was usually enough to bring down an Il-2. Soviet anti-aircraft artillery also frequently mistook it for German aircraft, often with lethal consequences.
The armored tub, ranging from 5–12 mm (0.2-0.5 in) in thickness and enveloping the engine and the cockpit, could deflect all small arms fire and glancing blows from larger-caliber ammunition. There are reports of the armored windscreen surviving direct hits from 20 mm (0.79 in) rounds. Unfortunately, the rear gunners did not have the benefit of all-around armor protection, especially from the rear and to the sides and suffered about four times more casualties than the pilots. Added casualties resulted from the Soviet policy of not returning home with unused ammunition which typically resulted in repeated passes on the target. Soviet troops often requested additional passes even after the aircraft were out of ammunition to exploit the intimidating effect Il-2s had on German ground troops, who gave it the nickname Schlächter (Slaughterer), perhaps a play on the term Schlachtflugzeug ("ground attack aircraft"). Nicknames such as "The Flying Tank" and "Der Schwarze Tod" (the "Black Death") were coined by soldiers. Luftwaffe pilots called it Eiserner Gustav (Iron Gustav) or the Zementbomber (Concrete bomber). The Finnish nickname maatalouskone ("agricultural machine" or "tractor") derived from a word play with maataistelukone (ground attack aircraft, literally "ground combat aircraft" where kone, literally "machine", in turn is shortened from lentokone, aircraft, literally "flying machine")


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subset: commoncrawl


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From stuck in the mud back to the skies
Jun 14 2012
A juvenille eagle takes off after being released at the B.C. SPCA's Wild Animal Rehabilitation Centre on Wednesday. The young bird was taken to the centre after becoming trapped in thick mud.Photograph by: Wild Arc , timescolonist.com (June 2012)
A juvenile bald eagle is soaring again after being freed from five pounds of mud.
On June 4, a member of the public brought the eagle to the B.C. SPCA's Wild Animal Rehabilitation Centre.
The bird had landed on a dead deer that was also stuck in the thick, clay-like mud, said Wild ARC's Christina Carrieres.
"The eagle couldn't take off," she said.
The bird was found near Sooke and Edward Milne roads. He has no white feathers, indicating that he's a young bird, most likely two or three years old.
"It was very easy to rinse the mud off," Carrieres said. "Immediately, we gave him a bath because he was so cold. He was exhausted."
For the days following his rescue, the eagle was cared for in an indoor enclosure.
"He started eating after a couple of days," Carrieres said.
"He's very well and definitely ready to go."
The eagle was released Wednesday afternoon. He was brought to an open space near where it was found so he could figure out where to go, Carrieres said, and was reunited with his family, which includes one juvenile bird and two adults.
"It was beautiful," Carrieres said. "He took off quickly and had a really strong flight."
The person who rescued the bird returned to the scene to pull the deer out of the mud - an effort to prevent other animals from getting trapped, Carrieres said.
The eagle was one of 200 animals in care at the Wild ARC. So far this year, the organization has rescued more than 900 animals.
About 80 per cent of the rescues brought to the centre are birds.
A pelican that was rescued in Prince Rupert has been in rehabilitation since April 2, and is awaiting release on Friday or Saturday.
"He was being pecked by crows and suffered some injuries," Carrieres said. "He was underweight, totally emaciated.
He was suffering from infection and an overload of parasites."
On top of all that, the pelican suffered frostbite due to flying so far north, something that's uncommon, Carrieres said.
"He's lost some areas of his webbed feet," she said.
The bird will be released at Race Rocks Ecological Reserve as soon as transport is organized.
"His weight is back to normal," Carrieres said. "He's recovered."
With so many birds to care for, the Wild ARC is in need of supplies, mainly berries.
"We're struggling to feed our birds, so if the public has any extra edible berries, we'd appreciate it," Carrieres said.


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TORONTO, Sept 20 (Reuters) - The Bank of Canada plans to hold nine regular bond auctions and one real return auction in the coming quarter, the central bank said on Thursday.
The regular bond auctions will include four 2-year auctions, one 3-year auction, two 5-year auctions, one 10-year auction and one 30-year auction, the Bank of Canada said. (Reporting by Fergal Smith Editing by Phil Berlowitz)


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Te first day of Convention saw us off to a flying start with Training Power Pack followed by the Cosmopolitan Speech Contest. And what a contest it was!
Five contestants vied for the covetted winner's position, and I can tell you I am so glad I wasn't one of the judges. Representing Mexico, Canada, New Zealand, Japan and the Netherlands, the competitors treated their audience to an exceptional display of speaking talent. In the words of Judge, Val Harper, it was "one of the best Cosmopolitan Soeech Contests we have ever had" and was "doggone hard" to judge.
Self-described 'butterfly', Dianne Miller compered the event which was themed "Pulelehua" - "All butterflies speak one language". The speakers were Lee Foon Lim [Canada], Afsaneh Howey [New Zealand], Nada Stojanovic [The Netherlands], Raquel Rivera Chavaz [Mexico] and Hisano Kagawa [Japan].
Lee Foon Lim, spoke about toxins in plastics, the damage they are doing to both the environment and the human race and concluded with a call for the use of stainless steel bottles. Afsaneh Howey 's speech encouraged abolition of prejudice and encouraged society to eliminate inequality and create equal opportunities for all. Nada Stojanovic spoke of the power of words and their effect on others. Raquel Rivera Chavaz delivered a passionate address on the challenges modern women face in balancing their career and family aspirations, and Hisano Kagawa's "When one Door Shuts, Another Opens" dealt with aging and continuing to change and meet new challenges.
Presiding officer, Ruth Maltman, echoed the thoughts of the audience when she congratulated all the contestants on a superb effort, stating that the speeches had all struck a chord, as they were about things of universal concern and interest.
And the winners are.....
First: Afsaneh Howey, New Zealand Region [centre]
Second: Nada Stojanovic, The Netherlands [right]
Third: Lee Foon Lim, Canada [left]
Saturday, July 13, 2013
2 comments:
- AnonymousJuly 13, 2013 at 8:58 PM
What a fabulous result. Those of us left at home in New Zealand are buzzing at the news of Asfaneh's win.ReplyDelete
Hilary Brown DC; Fellow of ITC
- AnonymousJuly 15, 2013 at 12:43 PM
The members of Europe'92 are very happy with Nadja's second place. Congratulations Nadja!ReplyDelete
You can leave a comment, and please do. The comments are moderated by the BlogMaster, so they do not appear instantly. During the convention they will by moderated at least twice daily. Until then, the comments will be moderated sporadically.
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LAW Writer® Ohio Laws and Rules
The chief of the division of mineral resources management shall make an annual report to the governor and to the general assembly. The report shall identify each reclamation project, state the number of acres reclaimed by the division or persons with whom it contracts under sections 1513.20 to 1513.25 of the Revised Code, identify the county in which the project is located, and make a detailed accounting of expenditures.
Effective Date: 06-14-2000.


text: maidenandwarrior #1 Posted June 2, 2013 Howland Reed + Ashara Dayne = Meera and JojenThis is the quick and dirty version of the theory. To read the whole thing, which is about 6,000 words, please click on the spoiler tags below.My theory is that Ashara Dayne is still alive, living in the Neck, and married to Howland Reed. I believe they met at Harrenhal, fell in love, and married. Meera was conceived almost immediately, and it was a pregnant Ashara who went back to Starfall or King's Landing—perhaps forcibly sent there by her parents. After the Tower of Joy, Howland picked up Ashara from Starfall, along with their daughter, and went North. The story was put about that Ashara died, and she assumed the name Jyana Reed.Once at Greywater Watch, the couple had Jojen as well, and have been living there ever since.In sum, H+A=M & JThe evidence in brief is:The Tourney at Harrenhal: Howland Reed is watching Ashara and actually makes a list of all the people that she dances with. This has no bearing on the rest of the KotLT story, and yet it is mentioned. Why? Meera, who is telling the story, would have no reason to mention this to Bran and yet she does. Why?We are told by Barristan that Ashara had a daughter. If that daughter was not stillborn, and lived, Meera is one of the only candidates, due to being the right age and gender. She is about nine or ten months older than Jon, and therefore one of the only known characters born in the beginning of Robert's Rebellion.Jojen got grey water fever, which is odd because while it affects the Ironborn, you would think that the crannogmen would be immune to it. His eyes are moss-green, which is a color given to mark seers. But what color were they before the fever?Barristan Selmy, who loved Ashara, remarks that: "She wants fire, and Dorne sent her mud. You could make a poultice out of mud to cool a fever. You could plant seeds in mud and grow a crop to feed your children. Mud would nourish you, where fire would only consume you, but fools and children and young girls would choose fire every time." Considering how many things he has been wrong about so far, is he wrong about this too? Did Ashara choose an actual "mudman"?We are told that Ned would have died at the TOJ but for Howland Reed. What does this mean? Was it crannog magic, or was Howland Arthur's brother-in-law?Why was Ned so quick to defend Ashara if R+L=J? It would make sense if she was the wife of his bannerman.There is specific language over and over again with regards to the Reeds and Bran. Towers, Stars, Falling, and Summer come up constantly. Hints for Starfall, Palestone Tower, and the Summer Sea, perhaps?The Dornish are looked down on by the other kingsdoms, as are the crannogmen. The crannogmen are reviled for their guerrilla tactics, which are considered cowardly, something the Dornish also have in common with them. Howland has spent his life among the water, just as Ashara spent hers on the edges of the Summer Sea. House Reed also has an ongoing feud with House Frey, just as House Dayne has an ongoing feud with House Oakheart. Common ground for a romance?This is really the theory in brief, and the rest of it can be seen in the spoiler tags with evidence and analysis.I kid you not, I thought up this theory after seeing it as a joke on the forums. I can't find the thread now, but it was about guessing the identity of Ashara's baby daddy, and all the usual suspects were there. Brandon, Ned, Robert…pretty much every man at Harrenhal. Then someone tossed out a name as a joke, and the conversation pretty much skipped over it. But I think it bears further attention. The name? Howland Reed. If you are still reading this, let me explain.The TheoryMy theory is that Ashara Dayne is still alive, living in the Neck, and married to Howland Reed.I believe they met at Harrenhal, fell in love, and married. Meera was conceived almost immediately, and it was a pregnant Ashara who went back to Starfall or King's Landing—perhaps forcibly sent there by her parents.After the Tower of Joy, where Arthur Dayne did not die, Howland picked up Ashara from Starfall, along with their daughter, and went North with Arthur Dayne. The story was put about that Ashara died, and she assumed the name Jyana Reed.Once at Greywater Watch, the couple had Jojen as well, and have been living there ever since.In sum, H+A=M & JNow, to the evidence…Harrenhal and the Spectator's GazeThere is a lot of strangely compelling evidence, that when put together, seems to at least afford the possibility that I am heading in the right direction. So let's start from the beginning. Consensus seems to state that Ashara Dayne's baby daddy must have been at Harrenhal. And while she might have talked to him off screen, someone we never saw, it is more likely that GRRM placed him in the scene right under our noses. To quote from Meera's Tale:The crannogman saw a maid with laughing purple eyes dance with a white sword, a red snake, and the lord of griffins, and lastly with the quiet wolf…but only after the wild wolf spoke to her on behalf of a brother too shy to leave his bench. (ASOS 340) There are many interesting things going on in this passage. For one, this is used by both Brandon and Ned-as-the-dad proponents to prove their point. But it is interesting if you look at the opening of the sentence, rather than the end of it. Up to that point, the passage had just been listing the number of things going on in the hall:Under Harren's roof he ate and drank with the wolves, and many of their sworn swords besides, barrowdown men and moose and bears and mermen. The dragon prince sang a song so sad it made the wolf maid sniffle, but when her pup brother teased her for crying she poured wine over his head. A black brother spoke, asking the knights to join the Night's Watch. The storm lord drank down the knight of skulls and kisses in a wine-cup war. The crannogman saw a maid with laughing purple eyes dance with a white sword, a red snake, and the lord of griffins, and lastly with the quiet wolf . . . but only after the wild wolf spoke to her on behalf of a brother too shy to leave his bench.Ashara danced with a white sword, which could be any member of the Kingsguard, most likely her brother or Ser Barristan. Next a red snake, which is most likely Oberyn Martell. Then came Jon Connington, and then Ned Stark. She also spoke to Brandon, who was the one to ask if Ned could dance with her. However, it is worth noting that the author intentionally makes Ashara Dayne's first mention in Meera's tale within the context of being seen by another.Howland Reed was watching her, so much so that he noted all the men she danced with. This is not a simple casual viewing of the hall. If R+L=J, which Howland Reed would be the one person who would certainly know it, why on earth would he watch Ashara so closely? It is one thing to watch a woman and admire her beauty, but it is quite another to note all her dance partners.And what man remembers the dance partners of a woman with no connection to him more than a decade later, when telling the story to his daughter? Isn't it much more likely that Ashara was the one who told Meera that part of the story?Also, why would Meera even mention Ashara Dayne to Bran? She can't think that Ashara has any connection to House Stark, because I very much doubt that Howland Reed has been lying to his children all these years. If he wanted to keep R+L=J a secret, why even mention it at all? Simply never mention Jon's mother, and that's an end to it. However, if Ashara is Meera and Jojen's mother, it would be quite important to the story from Meera's perspective.Meera mentions Ashara more than once too. She says, when taking about maidens fairer than the current Queen of Love and Beauty: "One was the wife of the dragon prince, who'd brought a dozen lady companions to attend her. The knights all begged them for favors to tie about their lances." Remember that Ashara was one of Elia's companions at this time. Meera might have even been about to say more about her, but Bran doesn't want it to be a love story: "'This isn't going to be one of those love stories, is it?' Bran asked suspiciously" (ASOS 339). He also at one point, cuts off the narrative and urges Meera to get to the jousting. Who knows what she might have added to the story without those caveats?Swords and Dead KnightsMoving forward chronologically, we get this little tidbit from Ned about the battle at the Tower of Joy:"The finest knight I ever saw was Ser Arthur Dayne, who fought with a blade called Dawn, forged from the heart of a fallen star. They called him the Sword of the Morning, and he would have killed me but for Howland Reed." Father had gotten sad then, and he would say no more. Bran wished he had asked him what he meant. (ACOK 332)The common interpretation of this passage is that Howland Reed used some crannog magic to subdue Arthur so Ned could kill him, but it is never explicitly stated in the text. We are told that "only two lived to ride away" (AGOT 427) but also that "They had found him still holding her body, silent with grief. The little crannogman, Howland Reed, had taken her hand from his" (AGOT 44). Who is the "they"? Did Arthur Dayne "die" that day, and the sword returned to Starfall was actually Dayne himself? There is already imagery of the Kingsguard being referred to as swords, not to mention Arthur's title was Sword of the Morning. We are told in Catelyn II that:…a castle has no secrets, and Catelyn heard her maids repeating tales they had heard from the lips of her husband's soldiers. They whispered of Ser Arthur Dayne, the Sword of Morning, deadliest of all the seven knights of Aerys's Kingsguard, and of how their young lord had slain him in single combat. And they told how afterward Ned had carried Ser Arthur's sword back to the beautiful young sister who awaited him in a castle called Starfall on the shores of the Summer Sea. The Lady Ashara Dayne, tall and fair, with haunting violet eyes. (AGOT 65)Already, we know there are many problems with this tale. First of all, he didn't defeat Dayne in single combat, by his own admission. Second of all, the men who "witnessed" it weren't actually there, making them unreliable narrators at best, because Ned took six men with him, and only he and Howland made it out alive. Thirdly, Ned seems keen to protect Ashara for some reason, even though he would have no reason to if R+L=J. But when Ned gets angry to the point of making his wife fear him, he asks for who told her. Catelyn then says this: "She told him; and from that day on, the whispering had stopped, and Ashara Dayne's name was never heard in Winterfell again." Seriously, this only makes sense if Ashara was Jon's mother, or if there was another reason Ned wanted to protect her good name…like if she was married to one of his bannermen, and he wanted to prevent tales of her from being spread through the North. Ashara Dayne's mystery really is a house of cards. We know from one of GRRM's SSMs that her body was never found. If she is alive, as many people think, this being discovered would be very bad for Ned. It stands to reason that as one of the last people to see her alive, Ned was asked about Ashara over the years. If he knows she is alive, he would have had to lie. "He had lived his lies for fourteen years, yet they still haunted him at night" (AGOT 115). Lies, plural, not singular. He has been lying about more than just Lyanna and Jon. If Arthur Dayne and his sister are still alive, this would make a great deal more sense. But if it is discovered that she is alive, Ned's word falls into question, and this could lead to the discovery of Jon's identity. Also worth mentioning is that Ned has absolutely no reaction to Ashara's supposed death when it is mentioned by Cersei. And finally, more than once Meera and Jojen stress that there are no knights in the Neck, almost as if they want to make sure no rumors get started: "My father taught me. We have no knights at Greywater. No master-at-arms, and no maester" (ACOK 435). And yet, for all that, both of them are remarkably well educated. Odd, right? Perhaps the answer comes in A Storm of Swords when the Reeds repeat that there are no knights in the Neck:"There are no knights in the Neck," said Jojen."Above the water," his sister corrected. "The bogs are full of dead ones, though." (ASOS 337).If Arthur Dayne is alive, and living at Greywater Watch, he is literally a "dead" knight, living in a bog.There ideas of "dead" seem to be flexible too:Sam was staring at him. "You're Jon Snow's brother. The one who fell...""No," said Jojen "That boy is dead." (ASOS 771).I guess if I had grown up with a mother, and possibly uncle, who were "dead" to the rest of the seven kingdoms, "dead" would be a pretty broad term.Justice for Starfall?Still moving forward chronologically, we know that Ned and Howland went to Starfall after the Tower of Joy. Strange, isn't it that a man, who supposedly just killed their favored son, got out of there alive? Or that he even went in the first place? Seriously, what was to stop Ned from camping half a day away in some little town to get a wetnurse, while he sent a messenger, like a lord from the North, with the sword to Starfall? That would be as honorable as doing it himself, and certainly wouldn't offend the family. In some cases, it might seem rude to go to the house of the man you just killed, even if it was in honorable combat.It makes no sense that he would go himself, unless, of course, he had nothing to fear from them.Consider that Ned Dayne is very interested in Ned Stark, and wanted to meet him at the Tourney of the Hand. Obviously, he didn't grow up on tales of Ned as a monster. Allyria spoke to Edric of Ned Stark as star-crossed lovers with her sister, so even she doesn't seem to resent him. It is very unlikely that they knew the truth about what happened, or even that Ashara is alive. What is more likely is that Edric's father, who was Ashara's older brother, new the truth of everything and raised his son and sister accordingly.After Starfall, what happened there is anyone's guess, but we know that Ned left with Wylla accompanying him and Jon as well. Weird, isn't it, that the Daynes, whose son Ned had just killed, sent him off with a trusted family servant? Someone they later allowed to nurse their heir? And Wylla was able to come back after she finished nursing Jon to nurse Edric, so obviously the Daynes don't harbor any ill will towards her for leaving with Ned Stark.Around this time, the fiction of Ashara's suicide begins. Edric Dayne says that Ashara threw herself off the Palestone tower because her heart was broken. But again, this is only hearsay that he heard from his Aunt Allyria who, if she was too young to marry Lord Beric for so many years, would have only been a child or younger when Ashara and Arthur "died." Ser Barristan, who harbored an unrequited love for Ashara says this:But Ashara's daughter had been stillborn, and his fair lady had thrown herself from a tower soon after, mad with grief for the child she had lost, and perhaps for the man who had dishonored her at Harrenhal as well. She died never knowing that Ser Barristan had loved her. How could she? He was a knight of the Kingsguard, sworn to celibacy. No good could have come from telling her his feelings. No good came from silence either. If I had unhorsed Rhaegar and crowned Ashara queen of love and beauty, might she have looked to me instead of Stark? (ADWD 879)The wording there is interesting as well, "looked to me." (Now, Barristan is an unreliable narrator for reasons I will go into later, but his passages are important, if only because they show what tales he heard that were circulated through the kingdoms, or told to him by someone he thought would know the truth.) Barristan seems to imply that it was the so-called dishonoring that led to Ashara "looking" to a Stark. Which Stark, we don't know. This often gets misquoted as "turned to Stark", implying a relationship where there might have been none. However, if Ashara married and became pregnant by one of his bannermen, there is a very large possibility that Ned or Rickard (or Brandon) would have had to step in and smooth the way. Why? Because the Daynes are not at all just a common house. They are not one of the Big Eight, so they often get overlooked by readers, I think, but there is nothing just average about their house. For one, Gerold Dayne states: "My House goes back ten thousand years, unto the dawn of days" (AFFC 432). They have a cadet branch, the Daynes of High Hermitage, and possibly a second cadet branch if House Jordayne springs from them as well. Also, Ser Gerold Dayne is of the cadet branch, yet Arianne thinks: "He was highborn enough to make a worthy consort" (AFFC 425-426). This is not just any old noble house; that much is clear. Imagine then that Lady Ashara married Howland Reed without permission, or simply bedded him and became pregnant. He might have been a highborn lord, possibly descended from Kings, but crannogman are looked down on by northmen, let alone the rest of the Seven Kingdoms. The help of House Stark might have very much been needed. If Ned was able to convince Ashara's brother, or parents if still living, of the worthiness of House Reed, of their descent from the Marsh Kings, their blood ties to House Stark, the fitness of Greywater Watch, that Howland didn't dishonor Ashara and married her in good faith, as well as bringing their son back to them alive…yeah, that is probably worth naming the next heir after him for. Edric, which is a combination of Eddard and Rickard. Interesting, to say the least. Think of the ChildrenIn a Clash of Kings, we are told that Meera is "almost sixteen" (432). This puts her about nine months older than Jon, who had just turned fifteen at the end of A Game of Thrones. If she was conceived at Harrenhal, or thereabouts, it fits very nicely in with the timeline. Not only would her parents have been in the same place, but also it helps to explain her existence.Think of it another way. For her to be born to a crannogwoman, Howland would have had to go straight home and marry immediately. He could have had a betrothed waiting for him, but it probably would have taken him anywhere from two weeks to a month to get home from Harrenhal, and then there would have had to be preparations for a wedding, because remember, he had been on the Isle of Faces for an entire winter. He would have been gone from his home for years, so a wedding would have taken a little time to pull together. Unless, of course, Ashara and Howland followed Harwin's school of thought: "There's naught like a tourney to make the blood run hot" (ASOS 599).Also, it is worth noting that House Reed seems to follow Dornish inheritance laws. When they are presented at Winterfell, they are presented as: "Lady Meera of House Reed…with her brother, Jojen, of Greywater Watch" (ACOC 328). Jojen is not introduced as the lord and heir, Meera is. This could be because Jojen has foreseen his own death, and Howland Reed took steps then to make Meera his heir, but it could also be that Ashara Dayne insisted that her daughter not be denied her birthright. In any case, Meera truly seems to be her father's heir. Like him, she can "…run swiftly, and stand so still she seems to vanish…breathe mud and fly through trees" (ASOS 131). Her father is described in the exact same way, and was also a great hunter when he was younger.Jojen, on the other hand, is, quite literally, a dreamer. According to the story, he got grey water fever when he was a little boy, and when he recovered, his eyes had turned green. This is interesting, for two reasons. One, when Theon meets with the Ironborn in A Dance With Dragons at Moat Cailin, they warn him not to drink the water because it makes you ill. Meera, we are told, can breathe mud like her father. Presumably, Jojen tried this as well, and got sick instead. You would think that after millennia of living in the Neck, all crannogmen would be immune to grey water fever. Unless, of course, he is only half crannog and he got the bum roll of the genetic lottery and is more like his mother. And two, what color were his eyes before he got sick? Meera, we are told has green eyes, but Jojen's turned green. Presumably then, Jojen had the same color eyes as his mother…There are also repeated images of summer, towers, falling, and stars associated with both the Reeds and Bran. Beginning with Summer, the obvious connections are Bran's direwolf, and Old Nan and Jojen call him a "summer child" and Osha calls him "summer boy." But there are less obvious ones as well. The first sentence of the first chapter of the book, Bran's POV, ends in the word summer. Jojen, when petting Summer, is described as having "a touch as light as a summer breeze" (ACOK 333). And when Jojen is telling Bran to open is third eye, he says: "With three you would gaze south to the Summer Sea and north beyond the Wall" (ACOK 437). Remember that Starfall is set on the Summer Sea.The idea of Bran, the Reeds, and Towers was not as obvious, but rather pointed in the re-read. Bran falls from the Broken Tower, and afterwards calls himself Bran the Broken. On their journey north, Bran names one of the towers they stay in Tumbledown Tower, and they stop at the Queenscrown tower as well. The Freys are enemies of the "mudmen" and their sigil is two towers and a bridge. (Interesting to note, but the bridge at Winterfell between the bell tower and the rookery collapsed after the burning). And one of the squires who attacked Howland Reed at Harrenhal was in service to a Frey, or a Frey himself. And one of the things that drew Howland to Harrenhal was "the towers reached ever higher as he neared shore" (ASOS 338). When they arrive at the Nightfort, Bran notes that it is full of broken towers. And it should be remembered that it was the Children's Tower at Moat Cailin from where the Children of the Forest called down the Hammer of the Waters, creating the bog that Meera and Jojen live in. If Ashara Dayne was their mother, her having "jumped" from Palestone Tower would add just one more dimension to this.The falling is obvious as well, but still worth mentioning. Bran was convinced he would never fall when climbing, so of course he did. "It seemed as though he had been falling for years" (AGOT 160). Afterwards, he has no memory of it: "Bran did not remember falling, yet they said he had, so he supposed it must be true" (ACOK 72). But it continues on, even after he has awoken. He dreams of falling over and over again. He also worries that Meera will fall when she is climbing up the wall. And there is one more connection with the Daynes and Starks, if for no other reason than both of them have castles with variations of fall in them, Starfall and Winterfell.Last, but not least, the star imagery. This appears mostly in Summer's dreams, who sees things that Bran cannot, and even remembers Jaime before Bran does. During the sack of Winterfell, Summer thinks: "Behind the cliffs tall fires were eating up the stars" (ACOK 957). And Bran says: "He loved to listen to the direwolves sing to the stars" (ACOK 70). During his coma, he thinks: "There was no sun, no stars" (AGOT 160). And stars literally guide them as they trek north: "The blue star in the dragon's eye pointed the way north" (ASOS 331). And perhaps the greatest connection of Bran's arc, the Reeds, and Starfall comes when Maester Luwin is warning Bran against believing in Jojen's green dreams:The years pass in their hundreds and their thousands, and what does any man see of life but a few summers, a few winters? We look at mountains and call them eternal, and so they seem…but in the course of time, mountains rise and fall, rivers change their courses, stars fall from the sky, and great cities sink beneath the sea. (ACOK 442)It should also be noted that Meera and Jojen Reed set off from Greywater Watch (on horses, when they have no master of horse) right after the comet appears in the sky.Attraction and Common InterestsBut would Ashara have bedded or married Howland Reed in the first place? Without this answer being yes, the whole theory falls apart. To answer it, we simply need to take a look at if it was possible, which I think is yes.Consider the following. From the moment she comes to court, Ashara Dayne is renowned for her beauty:His choice would have been a young maiden not long at court, one of Elia's companions … though compared to Ashara Dayne, the Dornish princess was a kitchen drab. Even after all these years, Ser Barristan could still recall Ashara's smile, the sound of her laughter. He had only to close his eyes to see her, with her long dark hair tumbling about her shoulders and those haunting purple eyes. (ADWD 879)This paints a very pretty picture, but it could not have been fun to be at court in those days. For one thing, the king was a mad shut in, who hadn't left the Red Keep since Duskendale. She was also Lady in Waiting/companion to Elia, who was bedridden after Rhaenys was born for six months, and nearly died birthing Aegon. For a young girl, possibly anywhere from fifteen to nineteen (or Barristan wouldn't have called her young), this couldn't have been fun. And despite what I have seen suggested, she did not come to court with Elia, or Barristan wouldn't have called her "not long at court." Having her brother nearby wouldn't have even been much comfort to her, because he would have been busy with his duties, and off fighting the Kingswood Brotherhood.Over and over, I have seen it said that Ashara Dayne was a great friend to Elia, but there is no canonical evidence for this. For one thing, she would have been much younger than Elia, at least five years. For another, the most likely way she got her position at court was through her brother, who was Prince Rhaegar's best friend. Seriously, Queens (or princesses) and their ladies don't have to be friends, just ask Katherine of Aragon and Anne Boleyn. And even if they were friends, Elia was still sick for a lot of that time, which would have left Ashara pretty much to her own devices when not serving the princess. And being at court, as the sister of the famed Arthur Dayne, yet looked down upon for being Dornish, yet praised for her beauty, must have been exhausting.So why wouldn't she have been looking to have a little fun at Harrenhal? The Dornish do not hold love affairs with the same horror as the rest of the seven kingdoms. She could have easily gotten together with Howland and conceived Meera. The problem would come if and when she wanted to marry him, I think. Remember that Doran Martell doesn't care when he hears that Arianne slept with the Bastard of Godsgrace, but he rejected Daemon Sand's offer of marriage out of hand. Yes, it could have been because she was already betrothed, but Daemon Sand seems to feel otherwise. We simply do not know how the Daynes would have felt about it.But would Ashara even have been attracted to Howland in the first place?Possibly, if she was attracted to the typical Dornish look: "… Dornishmen were small and swarthy, with black hair and small black eyes." (ASOS 595). The Daynes were described mostly like First Men, with Valyrian coloring, despite not having any Valyrian blood. But most of the other men Ashara saw in her day to day life would have been the "Salty Dornishmen," who lived on the coasts.Remember that Ashara was described by Catelyn as "tall and fair," which is a First Men quality, so in all likelihood she would be taller than the men she met every day who had Rhoynish blood, save her family, so Howland Reed wouldn't have been that much of a change. And regarding the Salty Dornishmen: "There were the salty Dornishmen who lived along the coasts…the salty Dornishmen were lithe and dark, with smooth olive skin and long black hair streaming in the wind" (ASOS 520). Furthermore, the Dornishmen Tyrion sees are described as wearing copper armor. Oberyn's "shirt was armored with overlapping rows of copper disks." Later, they are described as scales. Dornishmen are also famous for fighting with spears.In Meera's tale, Howland Reed was described thusly:Once there was a curious lad who lived in the Neck. He was small like all crannogman, but brave and smart and strong as well. He grew up hunting and fishing and climbing trees, and learned all the magics of my people…he could breathe mud and run on leaves, and change earth to water and water to earth with no more than a whispered word. He could talk to trees and weave words and make castles appear and disappear…he donned a shirt sewn with bronze scales, like mine, took up a leather shield and a three pronged spear, like mine, and padded a little skin boat down the Green Fork. (ASOS 337-338)Consider this in comparison to typical Dornishmen, and even more, compare it to Ashara's experiences of life so far. We are told that Princess Elia was looked down upon for being Dornish, so it is no stretch of the imagination that at court, Ashara was as well. Howland Reed is likewise looked down upon for being a crannogman. The crannogmen are reviled for their guerrilla tactics, which are considered cowardly, something the Dornish also have in common with them. Howland has spent his life among the water, just as Ashara spent hers on the edges of the Summer Sea. House Reed also has an ongoing feud with House Frey, just as House Dayne has an ongoing feud with House Oakheart. For them to meet, all it would have taken was an introduction, which I am sure Ned was happy to provide if he took Ashara over to meet his sister…who was sitting right next to Howland Reed.The Great LieSo why lie?Why say Ashara was dead? Why keep it a secret that she was married to Howland Reed?Jon.In the end, it all comes back to Jon. As the true king of the Seven Kingdoms, at least in Arthur Dayne's eyes, his safety would always be the number one priority. And despite being "dead" Arthur Dayne was the greatest knight that ever was…and he would never let Jon go north without him. My guess is that he went back to the Neck with his sister and her husband, and frequently made trips north to Winterfell to see Jon. Now, this might not seem like a good place for him to be, but it is for a number of reasons. First of all, the Neck is the sight of Moat Cailin, and according to Ned Stark: "Two hundred determined archers can hold the Neck against an army" (AGOT 202). By living there, at least part of the time, Arthur would be able to meet any foes head on. It is also a sight which makes it easy for him to move back and forth. The crannogman could easily get him up to Moat Cailin, and from there he could go to White Harbor which is extremely close. Having a port right there would be very important for news, or even if he needed to get Jon on a boat quickly. It is also close enough to Winterfell that Arthur could move easily enough. I wouldn't even be surprised if Arthur had an identity that he was known to all the folk of Winterfell by, save Ned. The Hooded Man, anyone? Again, this explains why Ashara Dayne had to "die." Her living in the Neck would cause stories to circulate, and the last thing Arthur would want is for attention to be drawn northwards. The next objection would be that Jon has taken the Black and is now no longer king of anything. So why has the secret continued, and why aren't Howland Reed and Arthur Dayne back in the story then? Why hasn't Arthur gone to Dany like Barristan? Easy. Greendreams. Jojen has greendreams, and it isn't a stretch of the imagination to think that he might have said something to his father and uncle about biding their time before he left for Winterfell. He might have also had dreams of Jon's future as a monarch, making Arthur know his place is still in the North, not in Essos.In any case, Howland Reed is very busy at the Neck anyway, fighting Freys and Ironborn. But consider that Maege Mormont and Galbart Glover went to Seaguard from where they were supposed to head to Greywater Watch…and have been curiously absent ever since. Something is going on in the Neck, and whatever it is, I doubt it's unimportant to the story. According to a SSM, Dawn is currently at Starfall. Arthur might have relinquished the sword when he "died." Of course, it is also possible that Arthur in fact does have the sword, and we are only meant to think that it is at Starfall. Whatever the case, I think the sword is too important, and mentioned too many times, to have no connection to the end of the tale.Pièce de résistanceThe final, and maybe most important, piece of evidence comes from Ser Barristan the Bold himself. More than once, Barristan displays questionable judgment throughout the books. While he is essentially a morally "good" character, that doesn't mean he is always right. For example, bending the knee to Robert rather than dying for his principles like Whent and Hightower did. When Barristan did this, he gave immediate legitimacy to Robert's reign: "Yes, the man was old, but the name of Barristan the Bold still has meaning in the realm. He lent honor to any man he served" (AGOT 770). Ser Barristan also tells Dany that the small folk are waiting for her in Westeros, something her brother Viserys said, and it is pretty much hopeful nonsense. And was it poor judgment which led him to serve Aerys too? Or simply honor's sake? And Barristan simply stands by when Robert's decree is ripped offering only a token protest, though he does hesitate when Cersei orders him to seize Ned. He backs off when Dany doesn't want to hear that her father was a madman, and couches his words very carefully, not saying anything bad about her family. Questionable behavior, certainly, and no, it does not make him a monster. It is hard to know if this points to a weak mind or bad judgment, but it does show a pattern. It also shows that everything he says should be taken with a grain of salt. His thoughts and quotes about Ashara are useful in only that they show the rumors going around her at the time, or even his own thoughts on the matter. Like the idea that she was "dishonored" at Harrenhal. Like the maids and soldiers that Catelyn heard about Ashara Dayne from, Barristan Selmy is an unreliable narrator at best. So when I see the following quote, I tend to think just the opposite:She wants fire, and Dorne sent her mud. You could make a poultice out of mud to cool a fever. You could plant seeds in mud and grow a crop to feed your children. Mud would nourish you, where fire would only consume you, but fools and children and young girls would choose fire every time. (ADWD 785)This quote is interesting on so many levels, not for the least in that Barristan takes himself to be knowledgeable about the desires of a young girl's heart, when he is, by his own admission, celibate. But it also does two things in my opinion. It links the image of Dorne and mud, and it brings to mind the "mudmen." And to add another parallel, Quentyn Martell, who Barristan calls "mud", was also called "Frog" on his journey to Meereen. The crannogmen of the Neck are often called "frog eaters" for their dietary choices. It is interesting that Quentyn, who is Dornish, also unites the "mud" and "frog" aspect as well.There would be great irony if Ashara, the so-called love of Barristan's life, literally rejected every other man who was "fire", only to choose "mud."ConclusionSo what does it all mean? Well, not much at the moment. On the surface, if Ashara + Howland = Meera and Jojen, it doesn't really explain much but to add another layer of complexity to the tale. It would certainly help to explain the linkage between Ashara and Ned, and some of the discrepancies presented in the books. It would also explain why Starfall and Dawn and Ashara and Arthur keep getting mentioned in the books, over and over and over. In a sense, they have never really been "off screen". With Meera and Jojen around since A Clash of Kings, and Arthur popping up in flashbacks, and Ashara getting mentioned by so many disparate people, along with Howland Reed too—it helps to link everything together.One thing that gets said repeatedly is that Howland Reed is the only one who knows the truth about Jon. But this actually makes no sense when it comes to revealing his identity. Ultimately, it comes down to how GRRM will reveal it and what it will mean. Like if it is revealed and Jon doesn't really care, and dies in the Last Battle, then no, it will never really matter that Howland Reed told him. But, as many people think, if Jon will ultimately take a throne in the end, like the Northern or Iron, it will matter a great deal who his parents were and it will need to come from a reliable source. Howland Reed might have been a great friend of Ned's, but crannogmen are not well-respected. But if, on the other hand, Arthur Dayne is alive—one of the greatest knights ever who was beloved by the smallfolk—and he too gives his word about Jon…Considering that Robb's will is currently in the Neck, along with Maege Mormont, and Galbart Glover, and the crannogmen are in the perfect position to attack the Dreadfort men at Moat Cailin and then meet any army that might march up the Kingsroad, like from the Vale or Riverlands—the Lord of Greywater Watch will have an important part to play in the future story, even if he remains off screen.Why couldn't Howland Reed also have a great backstory as well, one that also took place off screen?And why couldn't Ashara Dayne not be the victim of Ned or Brandon that everyone seems to think she was, and instead be the master of her own destiny? Share this post Link to post Share on other sites


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Obtaining the largest amount of visitor's at a particular site can be a tedious task. However, SEO offers the strategies and techniques to make a website top the highest searched ranking on Google, Bing, Yahoo and other search engines. Ensuring higher ranks depends on the keywords used. To be the top SEO-SMO company one has to identify the most searched keywords in the market then accordingly they are used in the content of different websites to ensure a higher traffic on the websites and to give long lasting results. We are the best SEO company in Delhi NCR, Gurgaon, India.
SEO services provided by us:
• On page SEO
• Off page SEO
• Link Building
• Local SEO
• E- Commerce SEO
Social Media Optimization (SMO)
Creating publicity for the websites is done by SMO by using social media outlets as an important tool. According to the current trends, social media marketing platforms basically connect all the people across the world. If promotion on these sites is done properly the website has a possibility to reach the maximum number of users across the globe. Be it eCommerce or web page everything can be promoted on these social sites with the help of proper techniques and knowledge of these media platforms.
SMO services provided by us:
• Facebook Marketing
• Twitter Marketing
• G+ Marketing
• Instagram Marketing
• Youtube video Marketing
Google AdWords
It can be rightfully termed as the advertising services by Google. It is a form of paid advertising on which Google charges a certain amount per click. Keywords play an important part in it. Ad extensions allow advertisers to mention additional details about their business like address, phone numbers, links etc. It helps in improving ad visibility. We work on Google AdWords to ensure business extension. Our social media agency works for achieving higher parameters.
Email Marketing
It involves sending of email to target customers to attract their attention. Exclusive offers are sent to regular customers to increase business. Our email marketing company ensures huge benefits if analysed on a wider basis. Quotations or offers of the website can be sent to relevant customers via e-mail marketing. New innovations or what you have of interest can be sent to the target group. We use email marketing to attract target customers by providing them the basic information.
Social Media Marketing (SMM)
Paid advertisements are run on popular social media sites by social media agencies to ensure that it reaches out to a maximum number of people. Most of the online advertising agencies have inbuilt strategies to promote web pages and to find out the number of users who have visited the sites. This form of marketing usually has a sure shot guarantee of making the website or page reach out to maximum number of people. We use search services to enable maximum benefits and reachability to the common masses. Social media marketing involves strategies. Our experts have excellent decision-making capacity which helps them in making your website stand out among others.
Email Marketing
It involves sending of email to target customers to attract their attention. Exclusive offers are sent to regular customers to increase business. Our email marketing company ensures huge benefits if analysed on a wider basis. Quotations or offers of the website can be sent to relevant customers via e-mail marketing. New innovations or what you have of interest can be sent to the target group. We use email marketing to attract target customers by providing them the basic information.
Sms Marketing
Promotional messages related to business are sent to target customers with their permission to make them aware of the current offers and trends. It is the best way to attract potential customers and to build long-lasting relationships with them. After that, they are added to the list and attractive offers are sent to them from time to time. This method of marketing enables the customers to have a direct contact with the firm. Also, it assures that the message reaches out to target customers. We work on this method of marketing to build a strong relationship between the target customers and the firm.
Video Marketing
Video marketing is the promotion of videos on social media platforms. They can be paid or unpaid. Videos can be in the form of advertisement or a basic summary of the services provided. Usually, the videos are provided by the client. Youtube is the basic platform where we promote videos for maximum reachability. However, Facebook, Instagram etc are examples of other forms of social media platforms on which video promotions practiced extensively. We use techniques to ensure maximum number of likes and follows which will be the proof that it is reaching out to maximum number of people.
App Store Optimization (ASO) Gurgaon
With the rising number of apps in the market, it is difficult to get your app downloaded by the target customers. Here, app store optimization comes to the rescue and helps people in finding your app among a sea of apps on the store. It increases the number of downloads of the app. We use effective app store optimization methods with the use of keywords to ensure that every person of the target group downloads your app.
Content Marketing
Content marketing is one of the latest trends in the digital era. Attractive content related to the website is written on the respective sites to enable the users to understand the services provided in simpler terms. It also helps in attracting customers. Content provides a brief summary or details of the topic which the website professes. We write content giving appropriate examples to make the readers understand better.


text: HomepageCustomer ServiceOffers and Promotions Page ContentOffers & PromotionsThis section covers important information and terms and conditions relevant to our products, promotions and special offers in conjuction with our General Booking Terms & Conditions of Carriage (which contain limits and exclusions of liability) Brexit Guarantee TERMS & CONDITIONS: This offer is available for any bookings made for travel between 06-May-19 and 31-Oct-19 with return travel to be completed by 31-Oct-19. Tickets booked with return travel beyond 31-Oct-19 are not eligible to benefit from this guarantee. Offer subject to restricted space & availability, applies to new and direct bookings. Cancellations must be made more than 7 days before outward departure date. Standard terms & conditions will apply for the relevant ticket type purchased when cancelled within 7 days. Cancellations cannot be managed via your online account and must be requested via the Call Centre on 0344 848 6090 for Dover to France/Newcastle to Amsterdam and 0800 917 1201 for Newhaven to Dieppe. DFDS reserve the right to amend or withdraw all elements of the promotion without prior notice. Subject to Promotional Conditions and booking T&C's. Read our Brexit FAQ's here. 3 Tier Pricing What is included in the prices when I choose Economy, Flexi Extra or Premium? Economy Flexi Extra Premium Refundable? x ✓ (up to 48 hours before departure)* ✓ Amendable? ✓ (just pay difference in fare + £20 amendment fee)* ✓ (just buy the difference in fare)* ✓ Flexibility at port +/- 4 hours of booked crossing +/- 8 hours +/- 48 hours Priority boarding x x ✓ Premium Lounge Access x ✓ ✓ Premium Lounge (meal included) x x ✓ *Online cancellation is possible. To Receive your refund, please contact our customer service. Premium fares are for car + 4 people, additional passengers can be added as an extra charge. Subject to availability. Lowest Fare Finder > Read our guide to finding the cheapest fare Voucher Deals Using VouchersAll offers are subject to restricted space, sailings and dates, are correct at the time of publication and may be withdrawn without notice. Promotional bookings are amendable for a fee, but no refunds or cancellations will be permitted, when stated. Promotional offers may not be used in conjunction with any other offer, voucher, nor are they further discountable. Promotional fares are not available to book at the port. Unless otherwise set out in the offer, voucher, all promotions will also be subject to For Pre-purchased Promotional Voucher Deals All promotional vouchers deal purchases for DFDS Passenger Ferry Services voucher code offers may be used to redeem the service for which they are intended only once. When you have booked, we will provide you with a booking reference and at that stage no alterations can be made to your reservation. The voucher is not transferable unless stated and cannot be sold on the open market without DFDS' express authority. Additional services may be available to book for an extra charge whilst redeeming your voucher. For Promotional Free 2-night Mini Cruise The holder of this Free 2-night Mini Cruise may bring up to 3 people on board with them, on the route specified, at a special rate, providing that they share the same cabin with the holder. If you opt to travel alone, you must book via our contact centre. You will travel free you will stay in a 4-berth sea view cabin, sharing with other offer holders. Shared cabins are split male and female, but may be of mixed nationality. no preferences can be made or guaranteed for sharing cabins. One free person may be redeemed per booking; the offer must be declared at the time of booking and cannot be redeemed retrospectively. Alterations to a confirmed booking cannot be made; cancelled bookings will be charged at 100% of the total fare. No refunds are allowed on lost or unused Free 2-night Mini Cruise; there is no equivalent cash value and they cannot be exchanged for cash. Free 2-night Mini Cruise are not transferable and cannot be sold on. For Onboard Voucher Offer The voucher is only redeemable in the onboard shop and not in any food and drink outlets onboard or for purchases of Tobacco. It is valid on the sailing for which it was intended only, as indicated on the booking confirmation advice and only one voucher will be offered per booking. When you book you will receive your booking confirmation by email and on the final page of this booking confirmation you'll find your onboard voucher. Please print the booking confirmation and take all pages with you, including the voucher section on the last page. The lead customer on that particular booking (i.e. the name stated on the booking confirmation) must present both the car hanger with your booking confirmation voucher at the time of purchase. Your voucher is not valid without the car hanger. Please note once the ship sets sail you will not be able to return to your car to retrieve your hanger so don't forget to take it with you. The customer booking details on your car hanger must match those on your booking confirmation voucher. Identification may be required to verify the name on the booking confirmation matches that of the person making the purchase. The onboard voucher cannot be exchanged for cash and no change will be given. See full terms and conditions. Promotional Deposit Schemes The deposit is usually equal to 15% of the booking value unless stated otherwise in the promotion. Deposit are payable in full at the time of booking. Full payment of balance is due at least 70 days before departure. When you secure a booking we will issue a confirmation that sets out the details of your reservation. On issuing this document the contract will take effect; so before confirming your booking, you and others included in your reservation must read and familiarise yourselves with DFDS General Booking Terms & Conditions of Carriage (which contain limits and exclusions of liability). Because we start to incur costs in relation to your arrangements from the time we confirm your booking and because we may not be able to resell your booking, cancellations 71 days or more before departure will incur the loss of deposit and cancellations 70 days or less before departure will be charged at 100% of the total price. Insurance premiums and booking fees are non-refundable. See full terms and conditions Themed and Music Events Onboard All Themed and Music Events will also be subject to DFDS General Booking Terms & Conditions of Carriage (which contain limits and exclusions of liability) and in any occurrence are subject to a requirement of a minimum numbers. Occasionally, Themed and Music Events on board can be cancelled or postponed by DFDS, the team, performer or Event Partner for a variety of reasons due to weather conditions or other situations which may affect the performers, staff or audience. It is your responsibility to ascertain whether an event has been cancelled and the date and time of any rearranged event. If there is a change/cancellation to your booking contact DFDS for exact instructions prior to departure and we will endeavour to find a suitable solution for you. If an event is cancelled or rescheduled, we will use reasonable endeavours to notify ticket holders of the cancellation once we have received the relevant notification. We do not guarantee that ticket holders will be informed of such cancellation before the date of the event due to unforeseen circumstances. See full terms and conditions Boogie on the Boat Radio Trip The prices are per person based on 1-4 persons sharing a cabin travelling 29 March 2019, Newcastle to Amsterdam Mini Cruise plus dinner buffet on both outward and return crossings.Deposit Payments£50.00 per person deposit will be collected at the time of booking to secure the reservation, final payment of the total balance is due no later than Thursday 31 January 2019 by contacting DFDS and submitting payment. If we do not receive this balance in full and on time, we reserve the right to treat your booking as cancelled by you.Prices are subject to the restricted space, sailing and date and can be withdrawn without prior notice. DFDS General Booking Terms and Conditions and Conditions of Carriage (which contain limits and exclusions of liability). See full terms and conditions. Multi-trip tickets Available on both single and return crossings on our Dover to Dunkirk and Dover to Calais routes, the multi-trip deal means you will pay a great fixed price for all of your trips within the valid travel period. The more you travel, the more you save! Multi-trip fares are valid for cars (under 2.35m high and less than 6m in length) plus up to 9 people or motorcycle and sidecar/trailer plus 2 people. Supplements apply for additional passengers and selected departures during high season. Multi-trips cannot be sold on the open market without DFDS' express authority. Additional services may be available to book for an extra charge when redeeming your fixed price trip. Bookings are non-refundable. You must confirm your chosen crossings by telephone before arrival at port. All bookings for any time or date, are subject to availability. DFDS General Booking Term and Conditions apply (which contain limits and exclusions of liability)More Information Best Price Direct Our Best Price Direct promotion is a reflection of our policy that customers will likely find the most competitive prices when they book direct with us, direct via our website. WE'RE AWARD WINNINGWe are Europe's Leading Ferry Operator 2012-2018 & the World's Leading Ferry Operator 2011-2018!


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Grill Tips Home
Next recipe
Chef info
Chefs' Tips
Jim Tarantino
(more info)
Vodka-Dill Marinade
from Marinades(Crossing Press, 1992)
Vodka provides a savory complement to dill, which is highlighted by the freshness of
lemon zest. This is a perfect marinade for salmon or tuna steaks broiled indoors.
Whisk in the oils a little at a time. Add the dill, scallions, and sugar. Season to taste with salt and pepper.
Yield: 1 1/2 to 2 cups
Recommended cuts: Salmon or tuna steaks (2 to 4 hours)
Jim Tarentino is the author of Sorbets! For the past few years, he has prepared his outstanding recipes in Philadelphia's "The Book and Cook" festival.


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To navigate: click & drag the mouse. To zoom: use the mouse-wheel.
"Fantastic application. What can I say, it works! Very easy to pick up and use..."
a3NOOTS (Windows Phone 7 user)
Ztitch+ for Windows Phone 7 provides an immersive panorama viewing experience. You can create your own panoramic scenes, view scenes from other users around the world, navigate the scene using the accelerometer, plus much more! Unlike other photo stitchers, this app doesn't just merge images together to create a bigger static image. Ztitch can produce full 360º panoramas that give you a "semi-3D" experience!


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It's a battle between first and third in the Premier League this afternoon as leaders Chelsea host Aston Villa at Stamford Bridge.
Jose Mourinho's side were denied a fifth straight league win by club legend Frank Lampard, who scored his first Manchester City goal, last Sunday. But the west London outfit remain three points clear of second-placed Southampton heading into this afternoon's fixture.
Villa are no push-overs
Chelsea are the overwhelming favourites to take all three points, but Aston Villa have already shown this season that they're no push-overs.
However, Paul Lambert's side will need to bounce back from last weekend's 3-0 defeat to Arsenal at Villa Park. The West Midlands outfit were comprehensively pulled apart by the Gunners in the space of four devastating first-half minutes - and they face similar torment against Chelsea if they suffer another defensive meltdown.
No doubt both Lambert and assistant manager Roy Keane will have reserved some strong words for the players during Monday morning's training session - and the Villa players will be keen to ensure they recover from Saturday and prove it was little more than a blip.
Team news
Chelsea: Courtois; Ivanovic, Cahill, Terry (c), Azpilicueta; Matic, Fabregas; Willian, Oscar, Hazard; Diego Costa.
Subs: Cech, Zouma, Filipe Luis, Mikel, Schurrle, Remy, Drogba.
Aston Villa: Guzan, Hutton, Cissokho, Baker, Senderos, Westwood, Delph, Richardson, Cleverley, Weimann, Agbonlahor (c).
Subs: Given, Clark, Bacuna, Sanchez, N'Zogbia, Grealish, Bent
Mourinho has named his strongest possible starting line-up, with the likes of Fabregas and top scorer Costa all starting.
Petr Cech, meanwhile, drops down to the bench as Thibaut Courtois returns to take his place between the sticks.
Villa have also fielded their strongest eleven, with Fabian Delph, Tom Cleverley and Gabriel Agbonlahor all names amongst the starters.


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SchoolgirlInternal: Amara Romani, Xander and Sexy Amara Love to Netflix and Drill! / 02.08.2016
Xander Corvus finally matched up with pretty babe, Amara Romani on his dating app and after sexting back and forth, she stops by his place to netflix and chill…more like netflix and drill! As they're watching the movie, Amara rests her pretty little head on Xander's lap, which gives him an instant raging boner! Amara totally knows what's up! She crams his giant dick in her mouth until she's on the verge of gagging. After getting her gorgeous face banged, Xander bends her over and pushes all 10-inches of hard porno cock deep into Amara's pink pussy and smashes her until she's squirming and screaming in pure erotic pleasure! Creampie delight!
Full Videos SchoolgirlInternal


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Now all CEOs know how much the "Your Daddy ain't your Daddy but your Daddy didn't know" defence is worth if the judge and jury don't buy it.
Are Mr Lay's legal team paying attention?
Now all CEOs know how much the "Your Daddy ain't your Daddy but your Daddy didn't know" defence is worth if the judge and jury don't buy it.
Are Mr Lay's legal team paying attention?
Stage 10. Grenoble to Courchevel, July 12 2005. That's just down the road from here.
The official schedule said the riders would pass at 10h48. With 10 minutes to spare, your overly keen correspondent was deposited, with recently purchased bike, in the outskirts of the village of Champ (that's him on the "a" of the "D10.a" in the fabulously rendered Google Earth image below).
Suddenly, blaringly appeared the first in a long caravan of advertising vehicles (see, for example, the Credit Lyonnais cyclist in the first photo). Mobile phone operators, confectioners, car makers, baguette merchants, cheese specialists, mineral water companies, coffee distributors, power tool sellers, hawkers of "official" tour merchandise as well as a cavalcade of other businesses hoping to up their profile roared by in outlandish motors.
The common factors? Loud music and gyrating nubile young things hurling samples of their employers' goods to all and sundry (OK, not those of the power tool, phone or car companies). Some forgot to duck; and others may later recall with embarrassment their mad scramble for small packets of Haribo sweets, Ancel Bretzels d'Alsace (de-francofied, that translates as pretzels) and Grande Mère coffee. Think small boys diving for coins.
Meanwhile, the rest of the crowd were sucked forward onto the tarmac in anticipation. Surely this ridiculously long pre-cinematic feature style advertising caravan heralded the imminent arrival of the peloton?
Alas, nearly two boiling hours later and with onlookers by now in severe need of those free mineral water bottles (bretzel effect) the riders crested into view. Occupying the entire width of the road they emerged from the heat haze of the tarmac driving before them a wave of warm air. In ten seconds they were past, followed closely by their support vehicles. Quick. But amazing.
There followed the ride home (a small 15 km or so) with next to no meaningful gradient. When small boys began overtaking him on foot the scribe knew the time for a rest had come. He paused in a bus stop near home, panting shamelessly. Thankfully onlookers had no idea how short my trip had been.
Psst...heard the one about the UK's Olympic bid?
- JM Keynes, The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money, 1936. I forget which page.
Original design by Blogging Secret | Free Blogger Templates | Ads Theme Blogger Template


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This bayonet style valve offers a longer valve stem for industrial batteries.
Hydrometer Port
Hydrometer readings can be taken without removing the valve from the battery. The hydrometer opening has a slider with a stop so the covering won't break or get lost.
Tubing Barbs
The tubing barbs eliminate the need for clamps, and they are angled to make installation easy in tight configurations.
The z-Lock feature integrates the tee piece with the valve for added strength.
Indicator Eye
This unique indicator eye is visible from the top and side. It confirms proper operation of the valve.
Low Profile Design
The unique valve design reduces the risk of damage from battery cables.
Clip-in Base
Installation is fast and easy: Gently push the valve into the vent well to install. No twisting is necessary to lock the valve in place.
Encapsulated Float
Reinforced encapsulation protects the float and eliminates interference with the moss shield.
Solid One Piece Float
Acid, temperature and impact resistant float is solidly constructed and cannot absorb water.


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WORKPLACE RESOURCES is a Toledo and Northwest Ohio/Southeast Michigan based organization. Our local orientation is one of our strong points. We are familiar with, and have relationships with, people at virtually all of Northwest Ohio's community resources. Our staff is primarily Northwest Ohio and Southeast Michigan trained; most interned locally. We have worked at area hospitals, agencies, universities, and treatment centers.
We at WORKPLACE RESOURCES have been careful to engage competent, well-respected associates who are, at minimum, Masters level with state licensure/certification. They all have significant experience with employee assistance programs and/or outpatient mental health or substance abuse services.
We began as an Employee Assistance provider with a specialty in high risk, high stress occupations, such as fire and rescue, emergency medical services, and law enforcement. We believe the lessons we learned in emergency services; speed, accuracy, good judgment, and careful planning, combined with clinical skills, have served our clients well as we have grown to include healthcare, industry, and government customers.
WORKPLACE RESOURCES is a freestanding and independent employee assistance program. We do not belong to, or affiliate with, any insurer, broker, managed care company, healthcare or hospital system, or benefits management company. However, we cooperate and collaborate with these entities when necessary to facilitate the most approprate service needed by the employee client, family member or employer.


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Ian Hickson wrote: >The SVG Tiny 1.2 specification is quite hard to read, mostly because of >grammatical errors and poor English. For instance, in section 11.5 one >finds the following sentent: > ^ funny! > "Normally stroking involves calculating >stroke outline of the shape's path in current user space and filling that >outline with the stroke paint (color or gradient)." > I don't think it's *that* bad. Can you suggest an alternative, please? > As others have pointed >out, there are also a large number of typos. > > There were certainly a couple of typos, but I didn't think there were very many. Did you catch any others? >As a W3C member it is quite embarrassing to see such text in a last call >draft. > >Please conduct a thorough proof-reading of the specification to correct >the grammar and any typos. > > We've already done so, and we're sorry we missed a couple. However, I don't think the typos and grammar mistakes quoted so far are unusual for a document of this size and nature, and I don't think it's an embarrassment. Andrew.Received on Friday, 30 December 2005 06:55:34 UTC
This archive was generated by hypermail 2.3.1 : Wednesday, 8 March 2017 09:47:05 UTC


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At Pulse International, we work with some of the finest hospitals in the Middle East and offer the best permanent opportunities. Every day we place people just like you into roles in health science services.
Once you have registered with us, we support you fully in finding the right role in the right place - and we'll help you settle in.
If you have decided to live and work abroad, then register with us today or call now on +44 (0) 20 7959 1146.
All our health sciences staff benefit from:


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Dedicated web hosting
The dedicated servers commence at a month. All hosting servers supplied by Exclusive Hosting are offered with the significant Hepsia website hosting Control Panel and with unmetered hosted Top-Level Domain quotas at no additional fee. As opposed to cPanel, with Hepsia you can keep one user account so as to run all your websites, files, mailbox accounts, databases, hostnames, invoicing transactions and technical support tickets, and to inspect your web page statistics (while cPanel requires another account login for domain and billing transaction management activities; sometimes even a third user account login is involved for the customer support system!!!). The multi-functional, point & click File Manager present in Hepsia will perhaps render the employment of any FTP application aimless. The CentOS, Debian and Ubuntu Linux distributions are the OS options offered with the dedicated servers.


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Arts District Cocktail
February 21, 2009 Chuck cocktails, Los Angeles, rye 1 Comment
Here's one of the winning cocktails from the Los Angeles Downtown Sub-District Cocktail Competition of 2009 (details and rules here), judged by Ted "Dr. Cocktail" Haigh.
Arts District Cocktail
(by Leo Rivas, Seven Grand Whiskey Bar)
2 ounces Rye whiskey
1/2 ounce Cynar
1/4 ounce Bénédictine
Stir & strain.
Grapefruit Peel – Cocktail Glass
Along with the Historic Core Cocktail, this was one of the very best in the competition. Those Seven Grand boys know how to make drinks!


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Manchester United 2 - Fulham 2: United stunned as Bent notches stoppage time equaliser
MANCHESTER UNITED'S miserable campaign under new boss David Moyes reached a new low as Darren Bent snatched a last-gasp equaliser.
Moyes' side had looked like they were heading for a pivotal moment when they produced a classic United comeback after falling behind to Steve Sidwell's early strike.
United had toiled against the rock-bottom Cottagers who had lost 13 of their previous 16 league games and shipped 29 goals in their previous 11.
They pummelled former coach Rene Meulensteen's side with crosses - but only 18 of 81 found a team-mate and they rarely got to second balls either.
But Robin van Persie hauled them level with 12 minutes left and Michael Carrick's deflected strike put them ahead 83 seconds later.
It was enough to send Moyes on to the pitch to pump his fist and roar with relief as United's anxiety was released.
It only looked like being a winner against Fulham but it felt like it could have been the moment when United were officially reborn.
But three minutes into stoppage time Kieran Richardson's shot looped up off David de Gea and sub Bent nodded in at the far post to plunge Old Trafford back into gloom.
There will be tons of stats to show how dominant United were but only one matters.
With their ambitions for a title defence snuffed out a long time ago, they are now nine points off fourth-placed Liverpool and head to Arsenal on Wednesday.
Meulsenteen's men came with a plan that was evident after only a couple of minutes as they sat in and waited for the final whistle.
Their best early skirmish saw Sascha Riether pull off a classy sliding challenge to deny Van Persie after the Dutchman was played through by Darren Fletcher.
But the visitors grabbed a shock lead after 18 minutes.
John Arne Riise won the ball from Juan Mata in midfield and Lewis Holtby was given bags of time to lift a ball over the top for Sidwell to stroll through and plant a volley past David de Gea.
United were given a cracking chance to pull level just a couple of minutes later but Van Persie lashed wide from close range after being picked out by Rafael's cross.
Michael Carrick thumped wide on the volley as United remained camped in Fulham territory but the visitors should have doubled their lead seven minutes before the break.
Kieran Richardson got his foot to Wayne Rooney's corner to clear and then the ex-United man set off in pursuit of Muamer Tankovic.
The young Swede - making his first Premier League start - broke 70 yards and then squared for Richardson only for the Fulham man to drive over from eight yards.
Nemanja Vidic saw his header fly straight at Cottagers keeper Maarten Stekelenburg.
And the most worried the Dutch keeper looked throughout the opening 45 minutes was when Riise chested Patrice Evra's tame cross just past the top corner.
Fulham threatened with another swift break when Richardson tore past Vidic only to see his cross hacked away by Rooney.
United managed to get in behind the visitors rearguard four minutes after the break but Rooney could not get a toe on the end of Van Persie's driven cross.
Stekelenburg finally made a heroic stop 10 minutes after the break when he tipped over from Rooney's close-range strike.
But as United pinged over cross after cross, Stekelenburg had little to do, even seeing a long-range Rooney strike whistle wide.
The breakthrough finally came with 12 minutes left as the ball pinged around the area from Evra's cross and Mata found Van Persie at the far post to touch in from Mata's pass.
And just over a minute later they had their second when Januzaj's ball was cleared to the edge of the box by Richardson and Carrick's deflected effort found the top corner.
That looked to have killed the contest stone dead as United seemed set to coast through the final minutes.
But after Vidic coughed up possession Sidwell picked out Richardson and his drive was tipped up by De Gea and Bent headed in at the far post.


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Just as a place to record memories...
We have had a rough couple of weeks. When we were in California we only had one set of friends that had a child and he was only a few months older than Miles. We loved spending time with them, they were good friends. In mid February they had a child pass away. Audrey Seri R. died on February 20th, one day after her mother's birthday, and about 2 months after her own first birthday. It was completely unexpected. She'd had a fever for a couple of days, but other than that she was a healthy baby.
This Sunday, March 4th, a friend's father died of Parkinson's disease. John V. had been sick for a good while and his health had really declined. It is terribly sad and he leaves behind a wife, and 2 daughters.
Today another friend's baby died. Lucy Katherine J. was about a week short of her 3rd birthday. Her family has known she was sick for a good while. Her heart was too big, and therefor weak. This also is terribly sad.
My heart is breaking for these families. There are no words to convey my feelings to any of them, not that they would do any good. We are praying for each of these families.
Wednesday, March 7, 2012
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