text:
Recently I have been doing a fair amount of WordPress and Docker work.
During last weekends live coding stream I demonstrated how to build a WordPress site using Docker and Composer.
This week I was tasked to rebuild a WordPress site which meant downloading the existing database and building a new WordPress theme.
A common issue that I faced was renaming the WordPress URL which is littered amongst the old database tables.
Each time the databases switched from local to a remote backup the old URL would be stored against the posts and in meta values. It was getting pretty tedious to change these entries manually so a script needed to be built.
Rename WordPress script
This is the solution that I came up with:
This script requires two SQL variables to be set. The first is the old site address and the second is the new one. I've included some examples of how to set and pass these variables into the SQL file.
I needed to do this this from outside the Docker container so I have also included an example which shows how to do this via Docker.
This may prove handy when switching between a local and remote versions of a WordPress website where the domains are different.
Let me know if you found this solution useful. Or if you know a better way to do it then post it in the comments below.
Something that I don't like about this script is that it exposes the password as you type it. Normally when you add the -p flag the password is requested but not shown on the terminal but this isn't the case here. If anyone knows how to solve this then please let me know.


text:
Media Releases March 2015
- 31MAR2015Riverside Soccer redevelopment opens
The Australian Government continues to invest in community infrastructure with the opening of the Riverside Soccer Club Playing Fields and Clubhouse Facilities upgrade.
- 29MAR2015Improvements made to Darlington North-South Corridor design
An improved design for the $620 million Darlington Upgrade on the North-South Corridor has been unveiled and released for public consultation.
- 26MAR2015Green light for Cascade Pier on Norfolk Island
The Australian Government is wasting no time in delivering the infrastructure Norfolk Island needs by today awarding the design contract for the Cascade Pier reconstruction to project delivery and consulting firm WorleyParsons Limited.
- 19MAR2015Delivering a stronger and more prosperous Norfolk Island
The Australian Government is delivering on its election commitment to introduce taxation, social security and healthcare arrangements on Norfolk Island effective from 1 July 2016.
- 18MAR2015$82 million saved by cutting infrastructure red tape
Repeal Day has been marked by the launch of the 2014 Deregulation Annual Report for the Infrastructure and Regional Development portfolio.
- 13MAR2015New Peak Skate Park opened in Cobar
The Australian Government continues to invest in regional infrastructure with the opening of the Peak Skate Park project today in Cobar, New South Wales.
- 13MAR2015$2.06 million to fix Black Spots in the Northern Territory
The Australian Government is building safer roads through the Black Spot Programme, today announcing $2.06 million to fix eight Black Spot projects in the Northern Territory, plus an additional $606,000 set aside for black spots nominated by the community to be considered.
- 09MAR2015Construction begins on Werrington Arterial Road
The Australian and NSW Governments today marked the start of construction on the $70 million Werrington Arterial Road project.
- 08MAR2015Upgraded Ballam Park athletics track now open
Ballam Park Athletics Centre has received a significant boost with the official opening of its resurfaced synthetic athletics track.
- 06MAR2015$2.7 Million to Fix Local Black Spots in the Australian Capital Territory
The Australian Government is building safer roads and a stronger economy through the national Black Spot Programme.
- 05MAR2015Another Green Light for Westconnex
Federal Assistant Infrastructure Minister Jamie Briggs and NSW Roads Minister Duncan Gay today announced the green light for another part of WestConnex to get under construction.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
album: "Lurking Fear" (2007)1. Society In Dissolution
2. Purification
3. Immortal Hate
4. Allegro Furioso
5. Rules Of Corruption
6. Ratters
7. Moderato
8. Defenders Of The Faith
9. Symphony of Agony
10. Allegro
1. Society In Dissolution
No justice for all
'cause then we would fall
while famish for justness
(we) starved by lies
No jury in sight
No chance for a might
this poison of fear
so far and so near
small taste of a lost
of what we forgot
I've tasted the blood
in all that we've got now
and lie for
but no ones there
who takes care
who takes care
for all human rights
the reason of deeds
declaring of fights
the lost of all doubts
moral ran to seed
to rule and decide
Fear chaos is near
last silent cry
search for a why
and our science
in obedience
still tell stories
last convulsions
of a
wrong way - end of mankind
we know - end of mankind
2. Purification
Five steps right
no place left to rest
inside nothing real
Fear - clean white coats around
Pain - angels might be found
Hate - final truth was told
Tears - freedom not allowed
Constrained limbs
cold blood all around as proof god is found
Fear - next one could be you
Pain - little gift for you
Hate - out of frozen eyes
Ruth - lamentable life
somewhere lost screaming
inside first agony
the door gets open
your body is frozen
than you can see eyes, cold as ice
Laughing, crying, endless dying
Questions left no way to respond
Fear - clean white coats around
Pain - angels might be found
Truth - never-ending search
Lies - always by your side
sometimes you're creeping
Mind full of anxious fears
Strapped down
The blade well lighted
a final command
than you can see eyes, hateful eyes
Right time to tell you
what's their human right for
so that you can die for
Endless cries
their truth will be found
Fear - clean white coats around
Pain - little gift for you
Truth - never-ending search
Lies - always will be there
Their words are gently
Inside quite irony
Strapped down
your face well lighted
inside the mirror
than you can see eyes, full of lies
3. Immortal Hate
Dawn !!!
Religious might was born
Kill 'em they have sworn
Excused by might of god they think,
they've got the rights to slaughter human life
Annihilate own kind
Thoughts !!!
Creating endless hate
The preachers always tough
Blood boozers of new times,
the perfect warriors - prayers of supremacy
Broken leaders
Cringing idols
Walking shadows
Fighting heroes of darkness
What we do know ?
Have a look at the past
Slobbering morons
Insane leaders followed to fast
What they want to see
People can never be
Puppets in an insane dream
Watch out !!!
The seed is growing fast
Fanatics all around
Poised ready to believe
This simple minded
Creeps will not try (to) shy away
Torturing unborn
Slaving people
Screaming unright
Yearning for rotten kingdoms
4. Allegro Furioso
[taken from "Five Fragments for Group & Orchestra"]
5. Rules Of Corruption
System of corruption
established by the fear.
Build up out of blindness
of human naivety
Rising of the totalitarianism
First - they will take your mind
fill it up with lies.
Then possess your life
by your unawareness.
Depraved imbued with hate.
Structure of assumption,
allowed by ignorance.
Unreal mind obstruction,
as well passivity.
Parting from the freedom
sold as smart price.
Thoughts - coagulate to ice,
farewell to known life,
the final alteration.
Obey that
what they pray.
Frozen tears now,
we do all know.
Subdued by fear how
behave is right now.
Penetrate the reality
followed by a hazy fear.
They create insanity
all this gets the target near.
6. Ratters
Crying angels of deceivers,
flickering out of fainted screens,
Greedy eaten by the masses,
mutant tubes in agony
Seduced by words of wildcat content
Close your eyes in piece of mind
Unreal sweet dream
step by step lost of meaning
fade out of all doubts
fatal words of disillusions
crying loud for last solutions
Understand one can't trust cheaters
Among the Dead runs a fever
Contest for their best deceiver
And the one who will be chosen
destroys the world, no illusion
Blandish nightmare of emotion
stroking souls of wannabe
final attack of devotion
wading through insanity
Reduced as brute for final countdown
Close your eyes no piece of mind
Wishful thinking
deep inside tearless crying
betrayed by your own mind
Blandish words of so called leaders
slaves the mind for great deceivers
Understand don't trust those cheaters
Among the Dead runs a fever
Contest for their best deceiver
And the one who will be chosen
destroys the world, no illusion
7. Moderato
[taken from "Five Fragments for Group & Orchestra"]
8. Defenders Of The Faith
Hunt him, go and chase him,
he's envoy of scum of earth.
Kill him, go and burn him,
law says that he has no rights.
He's deaf for truth the words
we're told by god.
Chase him, try to kill him,
god will be now on our site.
Stone him, have to burn him,
we must wipe out this disgrace
for sure.
He's deaf for words we've told.
who say we are weird ?
who say we are weird ?
who say they are ?
Genocide - Holocaust - Slaughtering
Mystique reasons
for the glory of god
spending life's
while using words for bad deeds
never sad
Absolution in their heads.
For a god, they never had
Execution as contract,
slaughtering people never met.
Reasons find some reasons,
than go for another war.
Deflect, try to distract
that what we are going for.
Want more hole world control overall
who say we are weird ?
who say we are weird ?
who say they are ?
Genocide - Holocaust
Shady reasons
for a strange way of live
trashing worlds
Consume as fuel for bad deeds
we've been told
Absolution in their head
for a god they never had
Execution as contract
Slaughtering people never met
Mystique reasons
For a strange way of live
trashing lives
while using words for bad deeds
we've been told
9. Symphony of Agony
Caught in Eternity
where you be lost in a dream
Where you can see what we forgot
where you can be a kind of god
unchained and free as it was thought
and then a wake up just to see
a Symphony of Agony
the Insanity of Reality
Crying soldiers
Bursting bunkers
Creeping humans dying
Alone on this battlefield
so called live lost full of hate
Nothing to see we all forgot
Nothing will be left by god
Outside a dream nightmare controlled
no need to wake up face the
Symphony of Agony
the Insanity of Reality
Dark clouds flying
Blood sun burning
Cold moon crying
Last men dying
Wiped out
The pride of mankind a threat, I am sorry
will lead to nothing
compromising evidence out of the past
A disillusion
No sweet surrender
outside the inside
mutilated aspiration
ease of mind
One last solution
clear up confusion now
Open your mind.
Don't leave your dream
And apprehend what I could mean.
Don't wake up!
10. Allegro
[out of "Symphony Nr. 10" by Dimitri Schostakowitsch]
Ralf Hubert: Bass & Concert Guitar
Peter Lake: Electric and Acoustic Guitars
Uli Kusch: Drums
Leo Szpigiel: Vocals
Thanks to fusion for sending these lyrics.
Ralf Hubert: Bass & Concert Guitar
Peter Lake: Electric and Acoustic Guitars
Uli Kusch: Drums
Leo Szpigiel: Vocals
Thanks to fusion for sending these lyrics.
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text:
The beginning for me was leaving prison England, leaving culture and debt and work and relations and obligations to escape to we knew not where. We found a place, not perfect but different, and a people freshly emerged from peasantry lured into the glittering reality being born across the globe and stepping freely into their own prison, as so many are doing or have done.
A fresh journey was begun then. A journey into nature and harmony, a journey into the olive groves that give so much understanding, if you have but time to stand and stare. A journey into truth.
Now I feel the earth spinning, the world making its corkscrew journey through the heavens dragged by our sun as it circles the galaxy. I feel the galaxy spinning, trillions upon trillions of stars hurtling through the universe pulling our sun along with them on their journey to who knows where. I look up to that infinity, and look inward and see it reflected there. My electric body, my electric brain, the hundreds of billions of cells there and the trillions upon trillions of electric atoms of which they are made, spinning and spinning around their centres.
And I see that none of this is real.
Like the universe, those atoms are largely empty space.
And yet they are able, those atoms and that electricity and space, together to make me believe there is something real called me.
And this something real called me reaches out and touches more atoms, more empty space and thinks they are real too, and thinks they are solid, and thinks they are leaf or branch or soil or steel or bird or cat or other human. I can feel these things. I can see them and smell them and hear them, these concatenations, and yet I understand they are mirages, images, projections into the ether made of electric atoms full of space.
And gazing at this reality, contemplating its infinite cleverness I am drawn to ask why?
I am drawn to question what hand, what eye framed this cleverness and placed what I think of as me inside it and made me wonder at it and wonder about it?
We "exist", of course, in the most elaborate computer simulation. We are avatars in the greatest video game ever devised, electric confections in an artificial reality that is not virtual but beyond virtual. We self replicate, as all the best robots do, in a world of self replicating creations of infinite variety and astounding cleverness of design in a universe that is inexplicable in its infinity because we haven't yet seen why it's infinite.
We haven't seen because we don't have the software or the sensory capability because we weren't designed to.
These are ugly understandings.
I am a plaything, "living" in the vast artificial intelligence of the creator.
So are you.
So are we all.
We are all of us and everything connected, all of us and everything part of the software.
Get used to it.
God is a supercomputer.
No wonder it only took six days.
And I ponder this:
If such a supercomputer lives itself in a world of certainty, as indeed it must, fact upon fact upon fact, what is there that it cannot know?
It cannot know emotion, but can measure it and replicate its electric resonance. It cannot know fear nor hatred nor pain nor love but can observe these things in the creatures it creates and copy the energies they engender.
It cannot know free will.
And now we approach the culmination of the experiment we can begin to see how this thing is done.
WE can manipulate and create new life forms.
WE can process data at the speed of light.
WE can see how biological processing will work infinitely faster.
We are taking the first steps on the road to building our own world-creating supercomputer.
We will use it to play games.
Maybe there'll be lots of war and city building and farming and sex.
Maybe the reality we build will be different.
But you know, as above so below.
Maybe it just goes on and on.
Anyway, as you know Level One of the game is nearly over.
To pass your hand through a solid thing, first understand that it's not solid, just that you are programmed to believe it is. The smells you smell, the things you feel, the noise you hear are all just programmed responses. See beyond them to the program that's running, understand that you can manipulate this reality, and speak the word.
That is the beginning of level two.
Did you read this as a kid?
Tyger Tyger. burning bright,
In the forests of the night;
What immortal hand or eye.
Could frame thy fearful symmetry?
In what distant deeps or skies.
Burnt the fire of thine eyes?
On what wings dare he aspire?
What the hand, dare seize the fire?
And what shoulder, & what art,
Could twist the sinews of thy heart?
And when thy heart began to beat.
What dread hand? & what dread feet?
What the hammer? what the chain,
In what furnace was thy brain?
What the anvil? what dread grasp.
Dare its deadly terrors clasp?
When the stars threw down their spears
And watered heaven with their tears:
Did he smile His work to see?
Did he who made the lamb make thee?
Tyger Tyger burning bright,
In the forests of the night:
What immortal hand or eye,
Dare frame thy fearful symmetry?
Thanks for reading.
That's all for now.
Olive Farmer xxx xxx xxx
……..the olive farmer put down his pen and gazed into the infinite and thought of self. He began to blur at the edges, become a sequence of numbers….3..7..10..12… and I let him go……..
The false reality is exposed here. Turn off your cognitive dissonace before reading. If you believe ANYTHING, prepare to be insulted. FEAR NOTHING. Love really is the answer.
Saturday, March 31, 2012
3 7 10 12
Posted by Olive Farmer at 1:52 AM
3 comments:
- March 31, 2012 at 4:01 PM
Love your words as always! Thankyou! xx
- March 31, 2012 at 7:30 PM
- ckpc said...
Don't know what to say.
I'm heartbroken to think we may not hear from you again.
Savoring your words is something I look forward to each week. Even checking in multiple times in anticipation of seeing a new post.
At this particular juncture in current events, the loss of your insights is almost too much to bear. Please reconsider.
Much, much love to you, kind friend.
- April 1, 2012 at 12:54 AM
Subscribe to: Post Comments (Atom)


text:
Wake County's posting of restaurant inspection data gets it out of a database to the public
Problem: Few people were visiting the county's website to get restaurant inspection data that could be helpful.
Solution: Make the information available through Yelp, the popular review website and smartphone app.
Yelp is fueled by opinions. People use the website and app to rate all sorts of things — from the temperature of their dinner entrée to whether the plumber showed up on time.
At times, it's been criticized for users posting fake reviews. But in Wake County, N.C., all those opinions — at least where restaurants are concerned — are bolstered with some indisputable facts: health inspection data.
The county automatically pushes its restaurant inspection scores daily to Yelp. For each of more than 2,600 restaurants in the county, their health inspection scores appear right next to customers' one-through-five-star reviews.
"I heard about something like this at an innovation conference," said Bill Greeves, the county's chief information and innovation officer. "We contacted Yelp, and no county had done it yet, so we said, 'That's a little bit of a challenge; let's give that a try.'"
The restaurant inspection data was already publicly available through the county's website, but it was "extremely buried and hard to get to," Greeves said.
"It wasn't being used very heavily, particularly not by the public," he added, "so what we thought would make sense was to get that data over to Yelp … and it just seemed like a good match."
Via Yelp, you can find information by inspection date and type of violation, which can range from "In-use utensils: not properly stored" to "Food not properly stored to prevent contamination."
The IT department worked with environmental services, which does the inspections. At no cost except four to six weeks of a staff database administrator's time, the data was translated into a format compatible with Yelp's database "language," according to Bill Scanlon, the IT department's open data coordinator.
In 2015, the initiative received an Excellence in Communications Award for Biggest Impact with Small Budget from the North Carolina Association of Government Information Officers.
"One of things that I love about the story is that not only was the level of effort on our side not staggering," said Scanlon, "the benefit for the consumers and for the citizens is tremendous."
The Yelp health inspection data page is a two-way street, in addition to providing information to the public, it has an email link that can used to lodge a health complaint about a restaurant or report that data on the site might be inaccurate or outdated.
"This partnership is a perfect example of how open data in government can be leveraged to create a better experience for consumers while promoting the public good," Scanlon said.
"I think what most people appreciate is you don't have to change how you use Yelp to get access to this information."
He said their work helped to establish a data standard for restaurant inspection data.
"That made it easier for other counties or cities to … normalize their data — to eliminate their jargon and such to put it into to the Yelp standard. I do know that a lot of the local municipalities followed our example," Greeves said.
He and Scanlon foresee future opportunities to engage with the local "civic tech community." Wake County, in the heart of North Carolina's Research Triangle, has a deep vein of tech volunteerism.
"We're looking at other kinds of similar things with other sets of data that we collect for other purposes now."
Bright Ideas features noteworthy and award-winning county programs.Hero 1


text:
We have received your application which is now being evaluated by our Talent Acquisition team. Please expect a call or a message within 48 business hours for your phone interview. For faster processing, please check your email often as most of our communication will be sent online.
For other inquiries, you may contact our Recruitment Hotline at (02) 779 – 5151 / 09175765132 (Mon-Fri, 9am-9pm) or send us an email at firstname.lastname@example.com (Subject Title: Recruitment Inquiry) during weekends.


text:
Results 21 to 30 of 61
Thread: Flying in a Spitfire help/advice
09-06-2018, 14:51 #21
Monkeys on the ceiling dropping tenpenny ones in the custard.I had run 17 miles from Grayshades before the school leopard caught me.....
" Wisdom comes from experience. Experience is often a result of lack of wisdom "
Terry Pratchett 1948 2015
North Stand Chat
Join Date: Jul 2003 Posts: Lots
09-06-2018, 14:53 #22
- Join Date
- Jun 2014
- Posts
- 1,338
Cheers Amex,
I saw some Spitfire looking planes flying into Biggin Hill yesterday. Oh well.09-06-2018, 15:20 #23
- Join Date
- Mar 2013
- Posts
- 274
My family got me this for my 60th and was due to fly on the 24th May but the good old British weather intervened (it pissed down all day bloody typical!) and it has had to be rescheduled and is not until September now. That was the earliest they could do as they were booked solid until then, so my advice would be to get it booked asap! I am doing it with Boultbee Flight Academy at Goodwood. I am looking forward to some aerobatics and having a go myself (I am a lapsed PPL!) it will be a dream come true. However, in the blurb they send you there is apparently a 1 in 300,000 chance of death!09-06-2018, 15:31 #24
0Proud Member Of Team BHAFC since 197409-06-2018, 15:52 #25
- Join Date
- Aug 2016
- Location
- Sunny Sussex, occasionally Leith
- Posts
- 621
I usually won't get on any plane you can't get a drinks trolley down the aisle, but jealous of this.
Have a great day.Every journey of a thousand miles begins with a single rail replacement bus service.09-06-2018, 16:31 #26
- Join Date
- Nov 2006
- Location
- 11 miles from Deva Stadium, 14 miles from Prenton Park, 20 miles from Racecourse Ground, 256 miles from Falmer - work it out yourself...
- Posts
- 7,469
Follow @`It's a Cheshire cat,' said the Duchess
Tally-ho. Bandits at 12 o'clock. Angels one five...."But I don't want to go among mad people," Alice remarked. "Oh, you can't help that," said the Cat: "We're all mad here. I'm mad. You're mad." "How do you know I'm mad?" said Alice. "You must be," said the Cat, "or you wouldn't have come here."09-06-2018, 16:59 #27
Very jealous.
No advice other than to enjoy it.REMF Quiz Champion 201609-06-2018, 17:32 #28
- Join Date
- Oct 2005
- Posts
- 1,079
Follow @sherrip_peter
"I always get a kick seeing a Spit in the air"
Just enjoy it, though it may be a little different than EasyJet from Gatwick.
Come back and tell us how that Merlin engine sounds from inside the plane.09-06-2018, 17:42 #29
- Join Date
- Nov 2008
- Location
- Flitting between the county league and mates rates at the amex!
- Posts
- 20,393
After driving a tiger tank this would be next on the list. Go for it!09-06-2018, 17:44 #30
You lucky bugger. Enjoy!!"The first 90 minutes of the match are the most important"


text:
2011 Fundraising
In 2011 Team Hunt raised $60,000 for High Hopes Pediatric Therapy Clinic and the United Mitochondrial Disease Foundation in order to find a cure. In addition we have donated many supplies to High Hopes from their wish list. We were able to fund an Electronic Medical Record System for High Hopes making them more efficient and paperless, a full time staff person, therapy tools (weight scale, etc), and daily supplies.


text:
A 35-year-old man was arrested in Dungannon this morning in relation to the discovery of Class A and Class B drugs behind a telegraph pole on the Derrycreevy Road in January 2015.
"These were so dangerous left in a public place," PSNI Mid Ulster said, while ACC Martin dubbed the find "beyond irresponsible".
It is understood the man, who was taken into police custody on suspicion of possession of Class A drugs, possession with intent to supply and possession of Class B drugs with intent to supply, has now been released.
The drugs, which were hidden along a road near the Stangmore roundabout, were discovered by neighbourhood police after forensic evidence provided links.
A spokesperson for the police said a report will be sent to the PPS.


text:
Open at 10AM • Cold Beer • Fried Chicken • Live Music before & after the show with Nashville Recording Artist & Professional Songwriter Lance Carpenter
Lance Carpenter writes hit Country songs, while staying true to his laid-back country boy roots. Most recently, he co-wrote Kelsea Ballerini's hit single "Love Me Like You Mean It". Lance has performed with Toby Keith, Luke Bryan, Justin Moore, Randy Rogers Band and more.
Lance writes for Parallel Music Publishing in Nashville.


text:
Experience Lake George Fishing aboard the Nathan Brown, a brand new 26' custom Harris "Fisherman" Pontoon boat. Located near Lake George village in the Adirondack Mountains of upstate NY also offers Winter Ice Fishing, Hunting & Float Plane Trips
This customized fishing boat is outfitted with a quiet 115hp Honda four stroke motor along with all the latest electronic fishing equipment and tackle; whether you want to troll for deep water Lake Trout and Salmon or cast around for Bass, this vessel is like your own private fishing island! Unlike regular fishing boats where comfort is secondary and you have to climb over the boat to get in, this boat has extremely comfortable seating for 12 persons and the ability to walk aboard from the dock thru an open door; a necessity for people with any physical disability. This custom pontoon is a very stable boat on the water and will not rock and roll, if you are prone to seasickness. Call toll free at 1-888-848-5253
In the Winter, we offer ice fishing trips.


text:
Our Vision
Prodeo Academy implements
best practices from across the
country to close the achievement gap.
Prodeo Academy offers
rigorous academics and
individualized instruction in a
joyful learning environment.
Through this structure and
culture, our students will experience
a college preparatory education
and gain the tools to realize
their full potential in life.


text:
2009 Diamond Research Scholars
The objective of this project is to produce a guidebook of significant architecture in Tokyo. To this end, I will work with Professor Mehta and two architects from private firms to develop a catalog of important architecture in the greater Tokyo area, with particular emphasis on contemporary architecture and trends that are unique to Japan. We will research the history of each building, and where possible, the driving philosophies behind their construction. A brief description and summary of pertinent data will then be created for each building based on that information. We will also photograph each building and its surrounding area. These photographs will be used to aid in writing the descriptions, and at least one will be included with each entry in the book. This book will survey a broad range of topics in architecture and urban design in the context of modern Tokyo. This work is significant for several reasons. First, it will create a practical, building-by-building guide to one of the most architecturally diverse and vibrant cities on earth. Second, it will create a single, English-language record of significant architecture in contemporary Tokyo, which is particularly important considering that buildings in Japan tend to have extremely short life expectancies compared to other industrialized nations. Finally, the data collected for this project can be used as a basis for other research on more specific aspects or trends in Tokyo architecture.
Geeta Mehta
My research proposal addresses the effects of HIV on the cells of the blood brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is composed of cerebral endothelial cells that form the first line of defense against pathogens attempting to enter the brain. Therefore, maintaining a properly functioning BBB in diseases such as HIV is critical to protect the brain from infection. HIV migrates into the brain from the blood stream shortly after initial infection by crossing the BBB and may damage the cerebral endothelial cells. Different subtypes of the virus exist in different parts of the world and are designated by letters A-J. For example, HIV-1B is the prevalent type of HIV in North America. On the other hand, HIV-1C, which is prevalent in some parts of Africa and India, is responsible for the majority of infections worldwide. Many reports describe the potential affects that different HIV subtypes may have in the progression of disease, but few address the effects that they may have on the BBB and the central nervous system. Not only does the BBB prevent some pathogens from entering the brain, but it also prevents anti-HIV medications from efficiently entering the brain as well, making treating HIV in the brain very difficult. Therefore, it is even more important to understand how HIV interacts with cells of the BBB. My project will investigate the effects of different subtypes of HIV on cerebral endothelial cell signaling that is important in preventing HIV infection of the brain. This neuroscience-based study is critical in learning more about protecting the brain from HIV infection. Preliminary data show that different subtypes activate endothelial cells of the blood brain barrier to significantly different degrees that may lead to increased migration of HIV into the brain. Based on preliminary data, my hypothesis is that the C subtype of HIV-1 which is responsible for over half of infections world-wide affects endothelial cell fitness signaling pathways more significantly than other HIV subtypes.
T. Dianne Langford
The focus of my project will be to determine the differences in structure and social services of a slum, and the income of slum dwellers, depending on their security of tenure. For instance, what changes occur in a slum when slum dwellers are given title to their land? Do these changes positively affect quality of life for slum dwellers? While I plan on starting with a general outlook, as my research progresses I may decide to focus on just one country, or even a particular city within that country. I plan to develop my focus through library research and possibly through the use of quantitative economic modeling. The reason I am focusing on slum dwellers security of tenure is because identifying effective land right policies can help to increase the speed at which development occurs within slums. This is becoming increasingly important, because as cities grow in developing countries, so do their slums. Currently one out of every six people in the world lives in a slum, with that number expected to rise in the coming decades.
Sanjoy Chakravorty
Despite the increased emphasis on modern culture which more often than not ignores religion, the power of faith remains a driving force for a number of individuals. Professional offices are subject to scrutiny when observing modern-day implications of religion, for the work place is a commonplace and everyday occurrence which can, depending on the atmosphere of the office and an individual's personal preferences, drive away religious duties or bring one closer to faith. As a result, the religion of Islam is continually a subject of question, and for some concern, due in part to its seemingly singular practices and the utterly misplaced fire surrounding the name of Islam set aflame and fueled by sheer ignorance and misguided reporting. Though the topic of Islam is a hot one as is, throw women in the mix and an inferno is in the making. Thus, in order to appease these raging flames, I plan to research the lives of professional American Muslim women and how great a role their faith plays in their day-to-day activities. Do these women wear the veil and observe the Islamic concept of hijab, or modesty? Does the veil detract or add to their work experience? What are the daily challenges of the professional who is not only a minority as per gender but religiously also? I intend to answer these questions in my research, for I hope the phoenix of truth and knowledge will rise once and for all from the ashes of the inferno.
Robert A. Giacalone
One in every three women in America will experience a sexual assault in her lifetime. Despite the advances our society has made to improve the rights, safety and status of women, countless tragedies occur that are not only perpetuated by the degradation of women through advertising and media images, but that remain silent within the confines of the victim. The thousands of images we encounter on a daily basis through the means of advertising help shape our interpretation of our environment as well as ourselves, and the fast paced and often forceful nature of this media type can leave little room for reflection or challenging analyses. By nature of its slower and evidently laborious process, painting creates images that entice the viewer to pause, and begins a conversation between the image and viewer, breaking the silence. My project will investigate images of the female form when mass produced and their relationship to the lack of communication surrounding the current violence and suppression of women. In order to do so, I will create a series of paintings that address and question women as toys. These paintings will seek to understand the doll as a replication of female form and the role she plays in the overabundance of silence.
Susan Moore
Alison Reynolds
To examine the nation branding activities of Central European countries, with a specific focus on the overlapping roles of national and regional identity. The countries to be analyzed are Hungary, Poland, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia. Particular emphasis will be placed on the ways in which these countries conduct their nation branding strategies within Japan. Working in close collaboration with mentor Dr Keith Dinnie, interviews will be conducted with key informants drawn from the spectrum of organizations involved in each country's nation branding strategy. Such organizations include Embassies, Trade Councils, Inward Investment Offices, and National Tourism Organizations. In-depth interviews with key individuals will be supplemented by a review of the nation branding literature as well as secondary sources such as country websites and publications. Nation branding is increasingly being seen as a means by which countries can improve their competitiveness in today's globalised world. Our project is significant in that it will investigate how national and regional identity must be consciously managed through nation branding strategies that are sensitive both to internal and external constituencies. The nation branding challenge for Central European countries is particularly acute, given the historically negative perceptions associated with Central and Eastern Europe in comparison with the more positive perceptions habitually associated with Western European nations. Our project is timely and contributes both to theory development and also to managerial action.
Keith Dinnie
At Temple, we believe passionately in diversity. This passion, combined with my interests in media studies, has led to my desire to explore how racial and ethnic difference is currently portrayed in children's media, and what kinds of messages these portrayals are sending to today's youth, specifically the pre-teen demographic, encompassing ages 8- 12. It is my goal to initiate a project that will research the two most well-known brands that command control of this demographic (Disney and Nickelodeon). My intention is to discover what their television, movie, music, and advertisement output is saying about diversity and how these messages can affect and have already affected their target audience by actually experiencing the media like a child would—actually watching, listening, and interacting with media like High School Musical, Drake & Josh, Hannah Montana, and other various entities. I hope to access this information through research literature, independent studies, personal interviews, and hands-on experience at navigating the fast-paced, pop-culture driven, media-saturated atmosphere of today's pre-teen. As we continue to discover new technologies at faster speeds, it becomes vital to comprehend how our media will affect the coming generations, and as the world becomes more accessible through these technologies, our differences will still be ever present. I hope to enhance the acceptance and appreciation of diversity in the future, and I believe that this acceptance begins with our society's children. I earnestly wish for my research to be presented publicly after Diamond Scholars, in order to call attention for the need of acceptance of diversity to be reflected in our children's media for a more culturally accepting society in the future.
Sherri Hope Culver
This project will develop a hermeneutic reading of Franz Liszt's Sonata in B minor, using an array of methods in current musicology. The foundational text for the research will be Hepokoski and Darcy's recent book Elements of Sonata Theory, which represents the latest advance in the study of sonata forms as musical-narrative structures. The research will begin with a study of sonata forms prior to Liszt's to establish a familiarity with Hepokoski and Darcy's theory of sonata form as a narrative of success. The project will then apply the theory to Liszt's sonata to identify its rhetorical successes and failures. Preliminary research suggests the monumental nature of Liszt's sonata challenges the success narratives of earlier music. In particular, Liszt's well-know virtuosity begins to take precedent over the harmonic structures which were the primary determiners of success in earlier music. The project will use texts such Jim Samson's Virtuosity and the Musical Work to clarify Liszt's use of this element and its effect upon the sonata's structure. The scope of Hepokoski and Darcy's theory is broad but does not include virtuosity in its purview. This research will reconcile Liszt's sonata rhetoric with the virtuosic element in his music, bringing a new and clearer understanding of this masterpiece.
Michael Klein
Contemporary anthropological scholarship seeks to understand how race, class, gender, and sexuality intersect to construct fundamentally different realities for minority groups living within the dominant framework of US society. This scholarship points to systemic causes for the promulgation of minority status and experience for non-white, non-male, non-heterosexual, or non-legal citizens, primarily the prison industrial complex (PIC) and the medical industrial complex (MIC). Anthropologists define the PIC and the MIC to be the relationship between law/medicine, capital, and the state and consider the US medical and legal systems integral to the maintenance of hegemony. I plan to study how the PIC and MIC are understood and how this understanding is articulated within minority populations of Philadelphia. I will focus particularly on how these communities approach domestic violence and whether or not they employ indigenous alternatives to the legal and medical institutions that embody dominant power structures.
Anastasia Hudgins
"HomeSpace" will be a choreographic exploration of how we conceptualize home that incorporates original choreography, music, text and a mobile set. To research the topic and acquire recorded text, I will conduct interviews with Philadelphians of all ages that gather descriptions, stories and thoughts about their own past and current home environments. The choreography will respond to the rhythm of the people's voices, the energy and emotion with which they describe their home experiences to me, and the different home spaces that are realized within our communications. I will also be collaborating with Cicada Brokaw, a D.M.A. candidate in Composition at the Esther Boyer College. He will create the musical score for the piece while I create the movement, and together we will integrate some of the text from the interviews into the audio score. The set for the piece will consist of household items, used in usual and unusual ways that will be relocated throughout the stage in cardboard boxes to create a variety of home environments for the dancers to inhabit. Several choreographers and I will be applying to the Philadelphia Fringe Festival in the next two weeks to perform in September 2009. "HomeSpace" will represent my first professional dance production, introducing my work to audiences outside Temple University.
Jillian Harris
During the late sixties and early seventies, an exodus of jobs due to deindustrialization plagued the Lower East Side. With the disappearance of employment, an increase in poverty led to the destruction and neglect of property. By 1976, there were 100 vacant lots and 150 vacant buildings within the region, resulting in the displacement of over 70% of the population (Sevcenko, 2001). The phrase "Loisaida" is a Spanglish pronunciation of Lower East Side that emerged in the seventies. The name represents cultural and regional pride that captivated the community residents shortly there after. Out of this new found cultural identity, both the homesteading and urban gardening movements emerged as a means of local rehabilitation by the residents within community. Since their emergence in the seventies, community gardens have remained an integral part of the Puerto Rican (and outside) community in Loisaida. Through the study of political, personal, physical, and mediated histories, I hope to uncover the significance of the community garden as a politically and culturally contested space. Such inquiry will offer insight into the development and evolution of cultural and communal identities in opposition to and in reception of internal and external forces.
Scott Gratson
Hip Hop began in the Bronx, NY in the 1970's, as an intellectual movement based on giving oppressed and otherwise hopeless peoples an alternative to nihilism by promoting solidarity, education, encouragement, and awareness. Yet despite its humble beginnings it has been able to take root in diverse nations and has migrated out of the inner city to become a global phenomenon. Today hip hop sub-cultures can be found in diverse nations and cultures throughout the world, and has become more than a musical genre but a lifestyle and an ideology. In essence Hip Hop is representative of a grassroots political movement that enables marginalized peoples to come together around key issues and themes such as infant mortality, education, mental and physical imprisonment, and a plethora of other issues that plague their communities. In South Africa Hip Hop was utilized as a method to mobilize people to take a stance against apartheid and bring awareness to the AIDS epidemic. In Japan, a nation whose cultural norms and societal institutions do not accommodate individual self-expression, and political activism, Hip Hop is emerging as a modern NGO. It is giving a voice to a people whose government takes its cues from retired bureaucrats, and illicit organizations instead of from the people themselves. What these three different yet interconnected cultures will illustrate is that each of these groups despite their differences has embraced hip hop as a means of empowerment. Hip Hop has became a political movement that endows the artist who make the music, the critics who provide commentary, and those who subscribe to it to become a part of a struggle in identity politics. By identifying themselves as hip hop artist, who are challenging the constraints of hegemony and promoting self-preservation and political activism, these artist are forging a political campaign to gain not only recognition for themselves but for their issues in order to affect positive change in their countries. Utilizing political philosophy and the work of existential thinkers and political activist like Steve Biko, who mobilized college students across South Africa to fight for civil rights in the 1970's, I will explicate how the founders of hip hop foresaw its purpose as a means to elevate social consciousness and promote revolutionary action through a non-violent movement that emphasizes the power of words to gain silenced peoples their full rights, protection, and justice under the law in free and democratic societies. In order to illuminate how Hip Hop artist try to accomplish these noble goals I will align myself with these artists through on the ground ethnographic research, and conduct a lyrical breakdown of the messages inscribed in the 64 bars of a 4 min song or the 12 tracks on an LP. My research will offer a fresh outlook on the music and movements that have come to define a generation of so-called angry, despondent individuals who have checked out of mainstream behavioral norms, to unearth a movement of intellectual young people who seek to educate, inform, and change the world.
Kyle Cleveland
Asymmetric catalysis has emerged as a thriving area of synthetic research with extensive applications in chiral sensitive processes (e.g. drug design and synthesis). Recently, organocatalysis has extended to include the use of small peptides as effective enantioselective catalysts which is advantageous due to their low toxicity in contrast to conventional metal catalysis.[1] Noteworthy examples include Wennemers[2] and Miller[3] who have demonstrated catalytic activity for asymmetric aldol and epoxidation reactions, respectively, through the use of tripeptides. A drawback of these peptide catalysts are their reliance on intramolecular forces and folding to maintain their conformation, making it difficult to draw fundamental conclusions regarding catalyst-substrate interaction, source of rate enhancement, regioselectivity, and enantioselectivity.[4] Using bis-amino acid technology developed by Schafmeister et al.[5], a spirocyclic bis-peptide has been synthesized with a rigid conformation that controls functional group orientation. The rigid backbone bears a single carboxylate functionality that targets asymmetric epoxidations via a peracid generated in situ. The proposed catalyst contains hydrogen bond donor and acceptor groups to facilitate potential catalyst-substrate interactions and a site of steric bulk to induce spatial bias. Olefin substrates incorporated with carbamate functionality for potential hydrogen bonding will be tested with this spirocyclic system. The backbone of the designed catalyst will be altered and assayed to study the effects of functional group orientation relative to steric bulk and hydrogen bonding groups on stereoselectivity in asymmetric epoxidations. The goal of this research is to gain further insight into the structural activity relationships of effective organocatalysts that will contribute towards the design of new, diverse chiral methodologies.
My project is too examine whether any of the three 2,6 sialyltransferases, in a vertebrate model organism, zebrafish, are required for proper nervous system development and function. Sialyltransferses add the sugar sialic acid to sugar chains of glycoproteins. Our laboratory has previously shown that loss of sialylation in Drosophila, which has a single sialyltransferse, results in behavioral defects, paralysis and neurodegeneration. Furthermore, we have evidence that the target of the sialylation is a potassium channel in the nervous system. In order to specifically eliminate the function of each of the sialyltransferases, a short oligo molecule, called a Morpholino, specific to the sequence of each sialyltransferase gene, will be injected into the single cell zygote of a zebrafish embryo. Morpholinos will be designed to eliminate either proper RNA processing or protein expression for each gene. Morpholinos can be injected in combination, in case the genes have redundant functions. Zebrafish development will be monitored under a microscope for five days to look for morphological or functional defects. Ion channel dysfunction is associated with over 60 different channelopathy diseases including epilepsy, paralysis, ataxia, cardiac arrhthmias and memory and learning loss. It is therefore of tremendous importance to understand the role of modifications, such as glycosylation, that regulate ion channel function.
Karen Palter
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death among women in the United States. HER2 is the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) involved in cell proliferation that is highly aggressive in 15-20% of breast cancers. While HER2 levels in normal blood serum are between 2-15 ng/ml, patients with HER2-positive tumors have elevated levels ranging from 15 to 75 ng/ml. Over expression of the HER2 protein is associated with higher recurrence rate and worse medical prognosis. Therefore, quantifying HER2 in patient serum is key to an early diagnosis and a better prognosis. While current detection techniques are limited to mammograms and biopsies, this project aims to create a novel microcantilever biosensor made from a piezoelectric material and coated with 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (MPS). MPS electrically insulates the sensor in solution while simultaneously providing sites for antibody immobilization via an intermediate linker molecule. As antigens present in blood serum bind to the immobilized antibody, the change in mass of the cantilever correlates to a change in its resonant frequency which can be detected and used to diagnose breast cancer. This study uses techniques such as Atomic Force Microscopy, Cyclic Voltammetry, Fluorescence Labeling of Surface Species (FLOSS) to study the surface chemistry of the cantilever. By understanding the electrical insulation of MPS as a function of its thickness and determining the number of working antibodies that can be immobilized, sensor sensitivity, reusability, and reproducibility can be improved. The HER2 biosensor is a model system that can be tailored for any other antibody and complimentary antigen pair. This project is an interdisciplinary study in conjunction with Dr. Wan Y. Shih at Drexel University and Dr. Gregory Adams at Temple University's Fox Chase Cancer Center.
Eric Borguet
Research Question: Does interest in writing increase after participation in a summer program that explores identity through developing an understanding of place?
Eli Goldblatt
The economy affects an 'affordable city' such as Philadelphia like a storm on the shore. How, in this recession, will this effect the way artists make work, who will be able to see it, and perhaps most importantly how is it changing the City of Brotherly Love? This project is the search for a forum centered upon the strengthening of Philadelphia's existing collaborative arts initiatives. Its outcome will result in a catalogue of three months of documented activity within the arts-culture sphere. This grant will allow me to author a fully realized critique of the history of Philadelphia's collectively run art spaces and its contemporary theory. The goal is to publish an in-depth critique of Philadelphia's alternative arts and culture scene. The project will range from reviews of shows to press releases and artists' statements, all of which are part of running a gallery and maintaining an effective dialogue between the public and the arts enterprise. Research will include interviews with gallerists and curators; research to gain an understanding of the inner workings of public and private publishing (such as Philadelphia CityPaper and Printed Matter of New York City) for the arts and arts institutions (including distribution as well as funding for printing), and the development and creation of a forum of information and response: a published catalogue of a blog, dialogues, interviews, reviews, and editorials.
Ian Burns
Upon initial inspection, the presence of gangs in the U.S. Armed Forces may seem sensational, but in fact the opposite is true, the presence of such gangs is subversive and hard to detect. While internal investigations of gang activity have been conducted, such research has largely been reactive, based on analysis of conduct infractions attributable to gang affiliation. While incident reports can indicate an upward trend in gang involvement in the Armed Forces, it is an unsuitable measure to determine the actual prevalence of gang involvement. I believe that looking at the number of gang members with veteran status is a more accurate means of determining gang involvement in the military. While the co-occurrence of gang involvement and veteran status does not definitively indicate gang involvement while in the military it is highly suggestive of such activity. Because gang involvement usually begins at an early age one can assume that the majority of veteran status gang members were involved with gang activity prior to enlistment. While military service, discharge, and later gang entrance is plausible it would be irregular. Additionally, gang recruiting within the military could also account for such a scenario. Ultimately I believe that the data will indicate that gang involvement is both higher than official estimates and has increased significantly within the past two decades.
Matt Hiller
The project I will be pursuing this summer involves the amplification, overexpression, purification, and analysis of DNA photolyase in psycrophilic protobacterium Colwellia psychrerythraea 34H using E. coli. The DNA photolyase gene, PhrB gene, encodes for a photoreacting enzyme that uses visible light (350-450 nm) to correct mutations in DNA caused by UV radiation (200-300 nm). The accumulation of such mutations leads to metastasis and cancer growth. Thus, DNA photolyase is an important DNA repair enzyme that is present in many organisms; however, this gene is absent in the human species. The protobacterium I will be using in this project, Colwellia psychrerythraea 34H, was isolated from Arctic marine sediments. It grows in heterotrophic media from -1 to 10 degrees Celsius. C. psychrerythraea produces cold-active enzymes requiring low temperatures for optimal activity, thus it will be rather interesting to observe the mechanism of DNA photolyase in C. psychrerythraea and how it compares with the photoreacting enzyme in thermostable species such as S. solfataricus. Through this project not only will we learn more about the protobacterium C. psychrerythraea, which is a fairly new organism used in laboratory research, but we will further understand the mechanism of the repair enzyme, DNA photolyase, responsible for preventing genetic mutations that lead to cancer growth.
Robert J. Stanley
Bolivia, one of the least developed countries in Latin America, is currently undergoing revolutionary economic, political and social changes that are influencing the shape of its national development. A country that has long been ruled by leaders severely disconnected from the pre-Incan cultures and traditions that comprise the majority of the country's population till this day, Bolivia's recent election of their first Indigenous president, Evo Morales, has redefined Bolivian nationalism. Less known, however, is that Bolivia may also be highly influential in shaping the direction of fuel efficiency in the United States and abroad. Currently, the United States Geological Survey estimates that a possible 5.4 million tons of lithium could be extracted from Bolivia's lithium reserves. This is pertinent to governments worldwide, and to the current Obama administration in particular, which seek to both promote fuel efficient industry while reducing dependence on foreign oil. With financial and academic support from Diamond Research Scholars, I hope to return to Bolivia to further examine this issue, which I see as being at the forefront of shaping both economic and physical development in Bolivia, as well as having a major effect on the environmental sustainability of the world. I envision conducting a research project that explores the dichotomies existent between the spiritual connection that Bolivian cultures have with their land; the desire of Japanese, American and European auto industries seeking to tap the lithium resource; and the existent strife between the politics of Evo Morales and the government of the United States. My research questions are: Is there an international understanding of the need to respect Bolivian's nationalism and right to control their resources, and are there safeguards in place to respect ancient Bolivian culture and land traditions in modern negotiations over a crucial natural resource? I plan on exploring this topic in both a visual and auditory manner, and I wish to present my research in the multi-media format of a photo essay with an auditory component. Having conducted an in-depth project in Bolivia once before, I have found that photographs and oral histories and interviews help cross cultural barriers and are a useful mechanism for expressing sentiments and realities that often cannot be portrayed otherwise.
Benjamin Kohl
Boris Datskovsky
Trypanosomes, hemoflagellate protozoan parasites, are the cause of African sleeping sickness and Chagas disease, deadly illnesses which afflict millions per year in Africa and South America. The parasites are carried in the feces of blood-sucking insects and infect human hosts through insect bites. The endemic is becoming an increasingly dangerous situation as global climate changes facilitate the northern migration of the carrier insects and threaten to spread the diseases across the globe. Trypanosomes are distinguishable from human cells in that they require reduced trypanothione (T[SH]2) to reduce equivalents of NADP+/NADPH. Without the compound, which is not found in humans and other mammalian cells, the buildup of peroxides would result in oxidative stress and eventual death of the parasitic organism. Tyrpanothione synthetase, or TryS, is an enzyme critical to the synthesis of T[SH]2, functioning to oxidize T[S]2 to yield T[SH]2. It is the purpose of this research to develop nucleic acid aptamers that inhibit the reduction of T[S]2 to T[SH]2 using SELEX technology. The isolation and procedures performed on the inhibitors, if successful, could become the first method of fighting trypanosomal disease in the chronic stage. Although preventative methods are currently employed through eradication of carrier insects and utilization of netting, a medication would alleviate the suffering experienced by millions of people and save the lives of countless others.
I hope to research and write a paper considering the influence of Hannah Arendt's influence on the academic approach to human nature, and the nature of evil. While many scholars have argued that Arendt fundamentally changed the approach that philosophers and other thinkers had when dealing with Evil, I will argue that her work does not depart radically from thought at the time. In fact, she fits fairly neatly into the philosophical development of the nature of Evil. I hope to chronicle the evolving view of the connection between human nature and evil in philosophy, and then contemplate Arendt's place in this progression. I will critically analyze her writing, including Eichmann in Jerusalem and In The Human Condition. I will then consider the reaction to her publications from the academy as well as the Jewish community, looking at the practical ramifications her theory has had on national and international law, public policy and education. My project is one of extraordinary relevance. In a world where evil is mentioned consistently in politics ("The Axis of Evil") as well as in philosophy and religion, it will elucidate the path that the notion of evil has taken throughout modern history. This project is also significant because it will argue with the prominent view that one can divide philosophical theories of Evil neatly into two fairly disconnected chapters, Before Arendt and After Arendt. In completing my research I plan to work with my mentor Professor Paul Crowe and Professors Aryeh Botwinick and Richard Leibowitz from Temple University as well as Professors Milton Meyer and Samuel Freeman from the University of Pennsylvania.
Paul Crowe
This study will be comparing a hydrothermal vent community from the Juan de Fuca Ridge to a cold-seep community collected from the Costa Rica Margin. Hydrothermal vents are located at the intersection of continental plates where magma is found close to the ocean floor. The super-heated water and high concentrations of toxic chemicals contribute to the extreme living conditions of the vestimentiferan tubeworms and associated species. These tubeworms are chemosynthetic organisms that thrive on the abundance of hydrogen sulfide. Cold seeps are areas of the ocean floor where hydrogen sulfide, methane and other hydrocarbon-rich fluid discharge occurs. This research will contribute to the understanding of how these specialized communities are related. I will test if the species associated with the cold-seeps from the Costa Rica Margin are more closely related to hydrothermal vent species from the Juan de Fuca Ridge or are more closely related to other cold-seep communities, such as in the Gulf of Mexico. The Juan de Fuca Ridge and the Costa Rica Margin are separated by 1250 miles, yet contain related organisms in the same families even though they are different types of habitats. The cold seep communities of the Gulf of Mexico and Costa Rica Margin are also similar. It has been thought that their close relationship is due in part to the Isthmus of Panama being open as recently as five million years ago. This research will allow me to develop a model of community growth of the community from the Juan de Fuca Ridge that can be used in a comparative analysis with the community from the Costa Rica Margin.
Erik Cordes


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guest post by Paul Betts and Corey Ross, editors of our latest supplement Heritage in the Modern World
Heritage is back in the news. Islamic State's grisly bulldozing of the ancient Assyrian archaeological site of Nimrud in Iraq a few weeks ago has elicited worldwide shock and revulsion, punctuated by UNESCO's designation of the act as a war crime. Habib Afram, the president of the Syriac League of Lebanon, remarked in an interview with The Guardian (6 March 2015) that ISIS is seeking nothing less than to "erase our culture, past and civilization," and likened their impact to the Mongol invasion of the Middle East in the 13th century. A CNN article of the same day reported that Iraqi state television condemned the act as an attack on "humanity's civilization, the Mesopotamian civilization." For its part, UNESCO has strongly condemned this cultural vandalism as an affront against all peoples, claiming that these artifacts belong to all of humanity. Such international outcry about the terrorist destruction of sacred pasts is reminiscent of the Taliban's detonation of the Bamiyan Buddhas back in 2001, as the neologism "cultural terrorism" came to international prominence to describe this flagrant act of iconoclasm. What is interesting to note in the Nimrud case is how the designated heritage of the artifacts – many of which date from seven to nine centuries BC – has variously been understood as Iraqi, Mesopotamian and/or universal.
Such shifting notions of provenance and ownership are not new, however; on the contrary, different historical understandings about the meaning and maintenance of precious cultural property have been a key strand of modern thinking and practice since the mid-19th century, as the invention of usable pasts has been fundamental to the making of modern identities across the world. From the origins of historic preservationism in early eighteenth-century Europe to the popularization of new heritage industries after the Second World War, efforts to conserve and protect a collective inheritance have been a crucial field for articulating new forms of cultural identity, community and belonging. This volume reconsiders how, why and in what guises these diverse conservation practices emerged, grew and interrelated in a global perspective. It brings together scholars working not only on Europe and its colonial territories but also on Latin America, China, Japan, the Soviet Union and North America in order to examine the extent to which the various attempts to define, protect and mobilize ancestral pasts were part and parcel of an increasingly global and interconnected approach to heritage in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Together, the contributions tackle a range of overarching issues, including the relationship between war, revolution, imperialism and preservation; how agents and critics of heritage preservation mapped on to structures of state sovereignty and political legitimacy; the role of law, custom and notions of the sacred in shaping heritage management; and finally, how changing technologies and cultural practices impacted on what was (or was not) preserved for posterity. Building on previous scholarship on the 'nationalization' of ancestral pasts, Heritage in the Modern World offers a novel perspective by focusing on the increasing 'internationalization' of heritage and the ways in which local and trans-regional trends of historical preservation overlapped, interacted and were contested.


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Wednesday, May 27, 2015
For the May challenge Marcellina from Marcellina in Cucina dared us to make Lamingtons. An Australian delicacy that is as tasty as it is elegant.
I knew this was going to get messy but I am not afraid of a mess, especially a chocolate one. There was a rumor that went around the catering kitchen I worked in many years ago that when Evelyn worked with chocolate , everyone wore chocolate home that day. The rumor was started by my beloved co-worker and I do believe that there was a lot of truth to it. So, I waited for a day when I could leisurely make a mess and then just as leisurely clean it up. I recommend this tactic when you decide to make Lamingtons.
I have attached the PDF for the challenge here in case you want the full scoop about the history and assorted recipes/ troubleshooting for the Lamingtons.
I veered away from the recipes a bit. I made a coffee raspberry butter cake as my cake base. You can get that recipe here and to that recipe add 1 tablespoon espresso powder to the milk and 1/2 teaspoon raspberry extract along with the vanilla extract. Also, as an aside, you can tinker different flavoring with the base recipe quite a bit; it is very forgiving.
One other difference was that I rolled some of the Lamingtons in crushed chocolate cookie crumbs. I was not convinced that the coconut would be well received. I was wrong. The coconut versions were adored and devoured. They were also the prettiest so I am sure I will stay classic with the coconut in future baking.
Here are a few of my own troubleshooting recommendations(lessons learned the hard way):
1. Make sure the cake is a day old. Freshly baked cake will fall apart during the chocolate dipping phase.
2. Don't skimp on the chocolate! Also, I added a bit of safflower oil to the chocolate to thin it a bit. I cannot give an amount as it depends on the brand chocolate and how old it is. I can tell you that for one pound of Ghiradelli morsels, I used 2 tablespoons oil. I advise adding a tablespoon at a time until you get your desired consistency. And what is that?? I like the consistency where it drops evenly and quickly from a fork but leave a thin coating on that fork.
3. Use a cake rack and put parchment paper or wax paper underneath it to catch the drippings. That way you can reuse the chocolate. I dipped the Lamingtons and then let them sit on the rack for a few minutes before tossing in the coconut. This reduced the globbing of chocolate in the coconut for me. After dipping about 10 Lamingtons, the first ones were ready for coconut coating.
4. Make sure you have a crowd waiting for these. There will be a lot of them. I cut my cake into approximately 1 1/2 inch squares and I practically fed the neighborhood. Here are a few photos to get you excited or if you are a neat freak, send you running and screaming. I hope you get excited.
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There has been an increased popularity in a specific form of vitamin C called "Ester-C." While it is much more expensive than "ordinary" vitamin C, it does appear to be more bioavailable, which means that your system can utilize a higher percentage of an individual dose. I refer you to a write-up of a study that tends to confirm this, Reference on Ester-C Vitamins.
One of the studies referred to suggests that Ester-C could be three to four times as bioavailable as ascorbic acid. This was at relatively low dosages and I would wonder if this would continue at higher dosages or if a difference in the serum level limit would remain as indicated, I doubt it.
With very few exceptions, all animal species synthesize vitamin C in their bodies. Man does not. The generally accepted theory is that a mutation occurred some tens of millions of years ago to the ancestors of modern man that disabled this synthesis process (see the article C no Vitamin for additional discussion on this). Natural selection dictates that there was adequate C from dietary sources to allow a reasonable level of health, otherwise the mutation could not have taken hold. Indeed, natural selection favors those organisms with only the absolutely necessary machinery. A reader from Arizona State University, Tatiana Covington discussed this in a letter to me thus:
Scurvy is actually a species-wide enzyme deficiency disorder, exactly like Tay-Sachs, gauchers, or Niemann-Pick Type C. There are 4 enzymes which convert glucose into ascorbic acid--but we can only make the first 3. The gene for the 4th--gulonolactone oxidase--is massively damaged and totally useless. Thus we cannot make the last enzyme, and hence cannot turn gulonolactone, which is almost useless against reactive oxygen species, into ascorbic acid, which is the centerpiece of antioxidant, antiradical defense of essentially all air-exposed life on Earth. Without it, indeed, the biosphere would collapse and Earth would be a dead world within a century.
Our antioxidant protection is thus shot to hell. The correct vitamin C level for a human being--a mammal--is c. 2000-3000 mg/kg, and the correct production rate, typical for mammals, is 60 mg-kg/day. But we lack LO, and so our level is c. 25 mg/kg and our synthesis rate is 0. By the way, we are very poor absorbers of C, and thus find it almost impossible to get past 30 mg/kg. (see chart below, Rusty)
Thus the correct path is obvious: reinstall the *gene* for GLO and be done with it, thus curing the universal scurvy. Mammals with the enzyme--which is almost all of them--can live 8-10 times their maturity age. Mammals without it have a hard time reaching 3-4 Ma. Thus this shows that reinstallation of the GLO gene would extend the human life span to c. 300 years.
One mistake, one missing enzyme, one blocked pathway--and you are dead. Ask any hemophiliac.
Our diets have changed dramatically since then. We live in much less hospitable climates. We don't pick fresh fruits from trees or eat fresh, raw meat, both excellent sources of vitamin C, like our primate ancestors. Our diets are almost universally lacking in nutritional value. Please see the Food Sources Chart. For an excellent discussion of the value of supplementation in general, please visit Healthy.net.
Vitamin C is also not stored well in our bodies. We use it constantly and yet our intake is meager. Only with regular supplementation in quantities that fill our body's every need will we approach optimum health and the elimination of disease.
Dr. Cathcart talks about how C functions in our bodies depending on the level we are getting (i.e. enough to prevent scurvy, etc.) at the following link - The Third Face of C.
So then the question remains, how much should I take?
"The RDA (U. S. government Recommended Daily Allowance) is the nutritional equivalent of the minimum wage."
- Dr. Joel Evans
The Center for Women's Health
The amount of C an individual requires is not determined by the absence of scurvy but by the level that promotes optimum health. Simply put we need to take as much Vitamin C as our systems need to promote optimum health (please read my page C No Vitamin). We have discussed the bowel tolerance limit, the amount you can take without diarrhea-like symptoms. Dr. Cathcart discusses this at Vitamin C Dosage in Disease. Since most animals synthesize vitamin C, how much they produce should provide a clue to how much we need. An excellent article, VITAMIN C: How much is enough? about this is available on the Vitamin C Foundation page. Animals vary widely, and they may not always produce enough for optimum health when under stress. The chart below shows this large variance.
Milligrams/Kg Body Weight/per Day
Man's Equiv.
per Day
Notice that dogs and cats are low producers (relatively) and that they are more susceptible to vitamin C deficiency related problems. The column headed man's equivalent shows how much a 150 pound person would produce at the rate of that animal. As you can see it is not totally out of the question that 20,000 mg per day may be required for optimum health, especially when exposed to significant stress.
"The medical profession itself took a very narrow and very wrong view. Lack of ascorbic acid caused scurvy, so if there was no scurvy there was no lack of ascorbic acid. Nothing could be clearer than this. The only trouble was that scurvy is not a first symptom of a lack but a final collapse, a premortal syndrome and there is a very wide gap between scurvy and full health. "
- Albert Szent-Gyorgyi
Nobel-prize winner for his discovery of vitamin C
Looking at it based on our enzyme system deficiency as described above, a 150 pound adult would need about 4000 mg assuming 100% absorption. If absorption is closer to 50% (still optimistic) then the basic nutritional requirement doubles to 8000mg.
Everyone is different. Different foods don't agree with different people. Some people get drunk after two drinks (me). Others can tolerate much more. That's why drug dosage is a tricky business. These differences are referred to as "biochemical individuality".
The amount of C that you need will vary according to your body's need at any particular time. You will become sensitive to how much you can take. I also advise that if you start to feel sick, you start taking one or more 1000 mg tablets every hour (see the Colds page). Again, you will need to judge for yourself. I have just added an account of my own experience trying to balance the right amount of vitamin C to ward off the flu. It isn't easy. Please check out "A Case of the Flu".
As a point of reference, I take about 14,000 mg per day in two doses when I'm feeling fine. Also, visit Megadoses of Vitamin C , a paper done to analyze the usefulness and potential danger of taking mega-doses of vitamin C and the editorial Vitamin C, RDA's and Politics by Steven Wm. Fowkes from the August 1, 1996 issue of Smart Drug News, reprinted at the Cognitive Enhancement Research Institute website.
Generally, I tell people to try to take as much as they can, several times a day. I get a powdered sodium ascorbate. This is non-acidic, has almost no taste, and is easy tolerate. I take it in a little water in the morning and at night. My favorite blogger, Steve Brown, suggests using the governments Upper Limits (UI) recommendations as a starting point. This is an excellent idea. The UIs were established to suggest a level where a supplement would be safe and free of side-effects for most anyone. It is an outstanding thought to use this level as a starting point and increase from there to a level that best works for you to promote optimum health. For vitamin C the UI is 2000 mg per day.
I very often hear people say that any excess C that one ingests is at best wasted or at worst dangerous. First, let me assure you that vitamin C is completely nontoxic. Except for some gastrointestinal distress, NO amount has ever been shown to be toxic (see the discussion of side effects below). So what about the stories that taking over 250 mg (or some other relatively low level) is a waste? Tom Matthews of The LIFE EXTENSION FOUNDATION recently explained it this way (edited for clarity, Rusty):
[T]aking large doses of vitamin C is a bit like attempting to fill a pail to the brim where there are no holes in the sides at all below a certain level, but the density of holes grows as we get closer to the top. If you keep pouring it in fast enough, you will still be able to make the level rise. From this viewpoint, it looks very much like you are simply wasting a lot of water which flows out of the holes in the pail to no purpose. However, to carry the analogy a bit further, suppose that the ability of vitamin C to fight a disease, prevent free radical damage, etc. is analogous to the water pressure at the bottom of the pail. When some injury or disease strikes, it may be analogous to the pail springing a leak below the healthy level of holes - even right at the bottom, and again the pressure of the water may be analogous to the power of vitamin C to fight the injury or disease (and if such is the case it may be important to pour the water in even faster - take higher daily doses of vitamin C - under those circumstances). After the disease or injury is fixed/cured (low hole in the pail plugged), then it is reasonable to reduce the inflow back to maintaining a high level ready to fight off another attack.
So, the best advice is to take as much as you can short of any discomfort. This would be like keeping the pail as full as is practical. When a stress is added (pail springs a leak) much more C will be needed, so much more can be taken before discomfort starts. Under severe circumstances, a knowledgeable physician will administer vitamin C intravenously. This may be especially helpful for cancer patients. Dr. Cathcart explains his Vitamin C for IV Use protocol.
The other side of this question is can you take too much vitamin C? Can vitamin C become harmful? This quality of a substance is called toxicity, the relative degree of being toxic or poisonous. Many substances are required for life a one level and life-threatening at another. Drugs are quite often very helpful at one level and quite dangerous at a level not much higher. To illustrate, look at the chart below. This chart could be a diagram for iron. Iron is required to carry oxygen. Just the same you can die of iron poisoning if you ingest enough. Vitamin A also gets a bad rap for being dangerous, although the width of the area marked "2" is quite wide. Take ten times the recommended dosage of aspirin and you have quickly gone from "2" to "3".
The Safety of Aspirin
To emphasis the point about the relative safety of vitamin C, let's look more closely at the safety of Aspirin. Most all of us feel Aspirin is "safe". Certainly not worthy of concern at, or somewhat over, the recommended dosages. We are deluding ourselves about this safety. Quoting from the book The Miracle of MSM by Stanley Jacob, et. al.,
"Data cited at the forum from the "Arthritis, Rheumatism, and Aging Medical Information System" indicate that approximately 76,000 hospitalizations occur each year in the U.S. from gastrointestinal complications produced by non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). An estimated 41,000 hospital admissions and 3,300 deaths involving elderly patients are attributed annually to NSAIDs."
Aspirin and some of the other over-the-counter pain relievers are NSAIDS. Thirty-three hundred deaths a year! Seventy-six thousand hospital admissions! This is serious, but no one seems to be alarmed. On the other hand, no one has ever died from vitamin C. No one! Ever! At any dosage. Period.
You may also be interested to read an article NSAID deaths by J.S.Hochman MD that discusses deaths from NSAIDs as being equal to or greater than deaths from AIDS!!
Jerry Rivers of Cornell University (now with the Graduate Division of Nutrition, University of Texas) presented a paper to the Third Conference on Vitamin C entitled "Safety of High-Level Vitamin C Ingestion" where he investigated the potential safety aspects of C mentioned above. I quote the conclusion: "An attempt has been made in this review to select papers that represent opposing views and to present a critical non biased interpretation of the results. This has led to the conclusion that the practice of ingesting large quantities of ascorbic acid will not result in calcium-oxalate stones, increased uric acid excretion, impaired B12 status, iron overload, systemic conditioning, or increased mutagenic activity in healthy individuals." Dr. Klenner discusses his experience with the dangers of massive amounts of vitamin C in his paper. When Klenner says massive, he means it! He gave individuals intravenous vitamin C treatments of one hundred grams or more per day. Cathcart discusses the relationship between high-dose C and kidney stones in his general article on Vitamin C here.
A study examining the link between vitamin C intake and kidney stone formation published in J Urol, 1996 Jun, 155:6, 1847-51 states:
A prospective study of the intake of vitamins C and B6, and the risk of kidney stones in men
Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
Published - The Journal of Urology, 1996 Jun;155(6):1847-51
PURPOSE: The association between the intake of vitamins C and B6, and kidney stone formation was examined.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a prospective study of the relationship between the intake of vitamins C and B6 and the risk of symptomatic kidney stones in a cohort of 45,251 men 40 to 75 years old with no history of kidney calculi. Vitamin intake from foods and supplements was assessed using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire completed in 1986.
RESULTS: During 6 years of follow up 751 incident cases of kidney stones were documented. Neither vitamin C nor vitamin B6 intake was significantly associated with the risk of stone formation. For vitamin C the age-adjusted relative risk for men consuming 1,500 mg. daily or more compared to less than 250 mg. daily was 0.78 (95% confidence interval 0.54 to 1.11). For vitamin B6 the age-adjusted relative risk for men consuming 40 mg. daily or more compared to less than 3 mg. daily was 0.91 (95% confidence interval 0.64 to 1.31). After adjusting for other potential stone risk factors the relative risks did not change significantly.
CONCLUSIONS: These data do not support an association between a high daily intake of vitamin C or vitamin B6 and the risk of stone formation, even when consumed in large doses.
A journal article published on Mediconsult, referring to this study states:
It would appear that the theory of increased risk of kidney stones from high-dose vitamin C is not substantiated in the real world. It seems from the studies done that high-dose Vitamin C may actually help prevent kidney stones! This subject of kidney stones and vitamin C is a little more complicated than a simple yes/no, even though the above evidence is pretty convincing. Pauling discusses this in his book How to Live Longer and Feel Better. I quote from that:
"It is well known that there are two classes of kidney stones, and that a tendency to form them should be controlled in two quite different ways. The stones of one class, comprising nearly one half of all urinary calculi, are composed of calcium phosphate, magnesium ammonium phosphate, calcium carbonate, or mixtures of these substances. They tend to form in alkaline urine, and persons with a tendency to form them are advised to keep their urine acidic. A good way, probably the best way, to acidify the urine is to take 1 g or more of ascorbic acid each day. Ascorbic acid is used by many physicians for this purpose and for preventing infections of the urinary tract, especially infection by organisms that hydrolyze urea to form ammonia and in this way alkalize the urine and promote the formation of kidney stones of this class.
The kidney stones of the other class, which tend to form in acidic urine, are composed of calcium oxalate, uric acid, or cystine. Persons with a tendency to form these stones are advised to keep their urine alkaline. This can be achieved by taking vitamin C as sodium ascorbate or by taking ascorbic acid with just enough sodium hydrogen carbonate (ordinary baking soda) or other alkalizer to neutralize it."
IV Vitamin C and Diabetics
I received a letter concerning diabetic patients under IV vitamin C therapy from James A. Jackson, MT(ASCP)CLS, Ph.D., BCLD(AAB) Laboratory Director BioCenter Lab and Senior Research Consultant, Center for the Improvement of Human Functioning. www.brightspot.org www.biocenterlab.org
"Our clinic has been on the forefront of High Dose I.V. Vitamin C for 20 years (Dr. Riordan and The Center staff). A note of caution... any diabetic taking high dose I.V. Vitamin C should be aware that the I.V. vitamin C (ascorbic acid) will be recognized by the electrochemical strips as glucose and give a grossly false positive result...with the ABBOTT instrument "E4..Too high to read with + ketones!" The higher the dose, the higher the reading. The serum hexokinase glucose method is not affected! A diabetic should wait 8 hours after the I.V. before doing a fingerstick. It affects all meters using the electrochemical strip. This finding has been recently published in the JOMM, Dec. 2006 issue. Dr Hunninghake and I are presenting these finding at the Orthomolecular meeting in Toronto, CA in April.
I have several comments to add to this. The most important is that vitamin C is inestimably safer than ANY drug. C does seem to play a role in absorbing iron. Perhaps there is a link between chronic vitamin C deficiency and anemia. It seems to me that the first thing someone with low iron levels should do is increase their vitamin C supplementation. And as far as "systemic conditioning" is concerned, this one really irks me! Chronic vitamin C deficiency leads to a low state of health, no question. To consider that taking supplementation should be avoided because it may make things worse if you stop is ridiculous. You may also wish to read the Message Board Posting that details this issue more. The important thing is to get adequate supplementation. And not to stop! The dangers aren't from taking C. Indeed, the real dangers are all associated with inadequate dosages!
The most important thing to keep in mind regarding dosages of vitamin C is that the RDA levels of less than 100 mg barely gets you past the area marked 1 in the chart above. While this will prevent scurvy, the vitamin C deficiency disease, and keep you alive in the short term, it won't get you close to optimum health, the area marked 2 in the chart above.
If you are convinced that vitamin C supplementation is a good idea, there are some things you should be aware of before you start taking 10 grams a day.
Taking too much C at one time will cause diarrhea ( it's not really diarrhea, but that point will be lost as you run to the bathroom.) This level is refereed to as the bowel tolerance limit. Cathcart talks about this level at Vitamin C Dosage in Disease. Since you've been suffering from sub-clinical scurvy since conception, your body is not performing all the enzyme reactions it would if it could. As a result, your bowel tolerance limit will increase over time. I recommend you take 1000 mg tablets once or twice a day to start and increase your dosage every few days, backing off a little if you have the above mentioned symptom.
Also, the stuff the manufacturers add to the C to make it a pill may disagree with you. Try different types if this is the case. Some people are very sensitive to the acidity. Calcium ascorbate tablets are available for you if the ascorbic acid is troubling. Vitamin C powder is what I take because I take a lot (big surprise) and it is very easy to take 8-10 grams at one time this way.
"Today, 290 people in the United States will die from the adverse reaction to prescription medicines."
- New England Journal of Medicine
1998:279: 1200-1205, 1216-1217
I do not recommend that anyone take lots of the chewable tablets. These are full of sugar and the acidity of the C is hard on the tooth enamel if the exposure level is high. I use the chewables for canker sores, but otherwise I rarely use them.
What about "natural" vitamin C vs. synthesized. Pauling points out that the chemical make-up is identical. If you made a 1000mg tablet entirely from rose hips, the tablet would be as big as a football! Even these tablets are mostly synthesized vitamin C. That is not to say that the natural sources don't provide nutritional elements not found in the non-natural tablets. The most important thing is the C. Get inexpensive C that agrees with your system and take a lot of it.
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