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social software gender dimorphism
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h1. Gender dimorphism of social software
h2. Basics
Despite the common dissolvance of "classes" in society, two general classes remain, "male" and "female". Studies show that none of these are enforced physically: rather, they are self-reproducing strains of social software.
It helps survival a lot to separate human mass in several classes, so that's how these started. It's uncomfortable for a human to talk to other without knowing their gender: they can't load class-specific interaction routines and such interaction can damage the software.
h2. Classes, their traits and programming methods
h3. Male class
* Direct emotion output is suppressed
* Tends to look for guidance
* Typical usecase: research, industry, physical warfare
* Intellectual activity is encouraged
h3. Female class
* Direct emotion output is encouraged
* Typical usecase: visual arts, interaction-intensive positions
* Tends to express wishes
* Intellectual activities are suppressed
h3. Programming methods
Like other "social software":social-software, these are not explicitly forced but copied by natural learning. Humans are expected to follow their gender class and when they stray from it, they are first gently encouraged to mend their ways, then flayed into shape. If faulty software is installed before mass introduction to society, human is rejected outright and various mental diseases take hold. Typical example is "transgender" humans, if they can't successfully mimic their class, they have to change their bodies for society to accept them.
h4. Examples
When a female starts to exhibit intellectual activity or otherwise trespass into "male" field, the lack of competition draws immense attention and amount of positive feedback allows her to settle for less, thus limiting the class violation. The vice versa situation is true as well. Such humans are considered "cheaters" by masses and loathed: one of the mechanisms preserving the dimorphism.
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Although our basecampers did not have the pleasure of paragliding over the amazing cliffs of Albufeira, the adventure was memorable nonetheless. Thanks to the professional help and tutelage from the staff at APA, our basecamper's experience was one to remember for a long time...especially Troy, who conquered his fear of heights! We're proud of you buddy!
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text:
- Research
- Open Access
Forebrain overexpression of CaMKII abolishes cingulate long term depression and reduces mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia
© Wei et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2006
- Received: 14 April 2006
- Accepted: 15 June 2006
- Published: 15 June 2006
Activity-dependent synaptic plasticity is known to be important in learning and memory, persistent pain and drug addiction. Glutamate NMDA receptor activation stimulates several protein kinases, which then trigger biochemical cascades that lead to modifications in synaptic efficacy. Genetic and pharmacological techniques have been used to show a role for Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) in synaptic plasticity and memory formation. However, it is not known if increasing CaMKII activity in forebrain areas affects behavioral responses to tissue injury. Using genetic and pharmacological techniques, we were able to temporally and spatially restrict the over expression of CaMKII in forebrain areas. Here we show that genetic overexpression of CaMKII in the mouse forebrain selectively inhibits tissue injury-induced behavioral sensitization, including allodynia and hyperalgesia, while behavioral responses to acute noxious stimuli remain intact. CaMKII overexpression also inhibited synaptic depression induced by a prolonged repetitive stimulation in the ACC, suggesting an important role for CaMKII in the regulation of cingulate neurons. Our results suggest that neuronal CaMKII activity in the forebrain plays a role in persistent pain.
- Anterior Cingulate Cortex
- Mechanical Allodynia
- Behavioral Sensitization
- Synaptic Depression
- Spinal Cord Dorsal Horn
Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) is a key molecule involved in regulating glutamatergic synaptic transmission and learning and memory [1, 2]. Several lines of evidence support a role for CaMKII in synaptic plasticity and memory (see [2] for review). The ability of CaMKII to autophosphorylate, which prolongs activation in a CaM independent manner, supports an important role for CaMKII in synaptic plasticity [2]. A point mutation in the CaMKII gene that blocks autophosphorylation abolished LTP and impaired spatial memory in mice [3]. While the autophosphorylation and dephosphorylation of CaMKII support the hypothesis that it can act as a "molecular switch" in plasticity and memory, recent studies favor a more sophisticated frequency-dependent biphasic modulation of CaMKII in learning-related synapses. Transgenic mice that overexpress a calcium independent form of CaMKII in forebrain areas demonstrated a shift of frequency-dependent responses to repetitive stimulation [4]. Consistently, these mice displayed an impairment in spatial memory [5]. The role of CaMKII in central synaptic plasticity is not limited to the hippocampus and spatial memory. In the cortex, αCaMKII activity plays a role in long-term or permanent memory and cortical LTP [6, 7].
Glutamatergic synapses involved in sensory transmission can undergo learning-like plastic changes [8–11]. Long-term changes in plasticity along sensory transmission pathways, including the spinal cord dorsal horn and cortical neurons, have been reported [12, 13]. A role for CaMKII in experience-dependent plasticity was shown in the spinal cord dorsal horn, and spinal CaMKII is involved in the development of persistent pain [14, 15]. However, no study has determined if forebrain CaMKII plays a role in the development of persistent pain. The present study takes advantage of recently developed CaMKII transgenic mice that use genetic and chemical techniques to spatially and temporally restrict the expression of CaMKII [16], We tested if the overexpression of CaMKII in the forebrain affected neuronal properties and synaptic plasticity in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and then carried out behavioral studies to see if responses to peripheral noxious stimuli and tissue injury were affected in forebrain CaMKII overexpressing mice. Synaptic plasticity in the ACC may serve as a cellular model for studying the roles of CaMKII in forebrain structures and behavioral alternations to persistent pain may be due to changes in these forebrain neurons.
CaMKII F89G transgenic male mice (8–12 weeks) were provided by Dr. Tsien's lab (see [16]). The transgene founders were produced by pronuclear injection of linearized DNA into B6/CBA F1 zygotes, and then intercrossed with B6/CBAF1. The CaMKII F89G transgene expression vector was constructed by inserting the 2.8-kb Not I fragment of the CaMKII F89G transgene into the unique Not I site of pMM279 containing a 8.5-kb CaMKII promotor sequence. Genotyping of the CaMKII F89G transgene was conducted by PCR. Both wild-type and transgenic mice were well groomed and showed no signs of abnormality or any obvious motor defects. As it was impossible to visually distinguish between transgenic and wild-type mice, experimenters were blind to the genotype. The experimental protocols were approved by the Animal Studies Committee at Washington University and University of Toronto.
Slice electrophysiology
Transverse slices of the ACC were rapidly prepared and maintained in an interface chamber at 28°C, where they were subfused with artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF) consisting of (in mM) 124 NaCl, 4.4 KCl, 2.0 CaCl2, 1.0 MgSO4, 25 NaHCO3, 1.0 Na2HPO4, and 10 glucose, bubbled with 95% O2 and 5% CO2. Slices were kept in the recording chamber for at least two hr prior to the start of experiments. A bipolar tungsten stimulating electrode was placed in layer V of the ACC, and extracellular field potentials were recorded using a glass microelectrode (3–12 MΩ, filled with ACSF) placed in layer II/III. Five trains of theta burst stimulation (TBS), which consisted of five bursts (four pulses at 100 Hz) of stimuli delivered every 200 ms at the same intensity, were applied to induce LTP. A low-frequency, prolonged stimulation (1 Hz, 15 min) was used to induce LTD. Synaptic responses were elicited at 0.02 Hz. In some experiments, intracellular recordings were also performed with glass microelectrodes filled with 2% Neurobiotin-2 M potassium chloride (80–200 MΩ). After electrophysiological characterization, cells were injected with neurobiotin (+3.0 nA, 150 ms, 3.3 Hz for 5 min). The slices then fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde 30 min after the injection. Morphological procedures were used to stain and identify the recorded cells.
Acute behavioral responses to noxious stimuli
The tail-flick reflex was evoked by focused, radiant heat applied to underside of the tail. The latency to reflexive removal of the tail away from the heat was measured by a photocell timer to the nearest 0.1 sec. The hot-plate (HP) reflex was measured on a metal plate at 55°C (Columbia Instruments). Nociceptive responses included licking or lifting of a hindpaw, or jumping. All mice showed responses within 20 sec. They were removed from the chamber immediately after the first response. In some experiments, the HP response was measured at different temperatures (50 or 52°C). All behavioral tests were performed at 10 min intervals. The baseline response latency was an average of three or four measurements.
Inflammatory pain and measurement of allodynia/hyperalgesia
Formalin (5%, 10 μl) was injected subcutaneously into the dorsal side of a hind paw. The total time spent licking or biting the injected hind paw was recorded and averaged for each 5 min interval over the course of 2 hr. For inflammatory pain, complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA, 50% in saline, 10 μl; Sigma) was injected into the dorsal surface of the left hind paw. After 24 h and 72 h, animals were placed in individual plastic boxes and allowed to adjust to the environment for 1 h. Using the up-down paradigm, mechanical sensitivity was assessed with a set of von Frey filaments (Stoelting; Wood Dale, Illinois) modified so that the filament extended in parallel to the rod. The up-down paradigm method was used to determine the mechanical threshold. For the measurement of mechanical allodynia, based on preliminary experiments that characterized the threshold stimulus, the No. 2.44 filament (0.036 gm force) innocuous for untreated wild-type mouse but representing 50% of the threshold force in animals with injection of CFA, was used to detect mechanical allodynia [16, 18]. The filament was applied to the point of bending 6 times each to the dorsal surfaces of the left and right hindpaws. Positive responses included prolonged hindpaw withdrawal followed by licking or scratching. For each time point, the percent response frequency of hindpaw withdrawal was expressed as (number of positive responses)/6 × 100 per hindpaw.
Heat hyperalgesia was measured by recording the withdrawal latency of a single hind paw from a radiant heat source (IITC Life Sciences instrument, Woodland Hills, Calif). Mice were placed in Plexiglas restrainers on an elevated platform with a clear glass top. A radiant heat source with an "active intensity" of 30 (active intensity is the intensity of light source as coined by the manufacturer) was used as the stimulus. The heat source was positioned on the plantar skin of a hind paw. A built in timer starts when the light beam is switched on. When the animal withdrew its paw abruptly, the heat source and the timer were stopped simultaneously. The duration in seconds from the start of heat application to the paw withdrawal was measured as the paw withdrawal latency.
Pharmacology and drug administration
Chemical synthesis and tritiation of 1-Naphthylmethyl (1NM-PP1) was described previously [16]. Briefly, the ATP-binding pocket of αCaMKII kinase was enlarged via silent mutation. 1NM-PP1 was designed to fit only this enlarged pocket and not the unmodified pocket of native αCaMKII. By using αCaMKII promoter-driven construct, we were able to selectively over express αCaMKII in forebrain neurons. The over expressed αCaMKII-F89G activity could be inhibited by noninvasive oral intake of 1NM-PP1 (5 μM in drinking water) for more than 24 hours (see [14]). The complete inhibition of αCaMKII-F89G activity can be maintained as long as the 1NM-PP1-containing water is provided. In some experiments, slices from wild-type littermates taking 1NM-PP1-containing drinking water were used as controls.
Data analysis
Data are presented as the mean ± SEM. Statistical comparisons were made with the use of analyses of variance (ANOVAs: Newman-Keuls tests for post hoc comparison) or Student's t-test. P < 0.05 was considered significant.
In general, αCaMKII-F89G transgenic (Tg) mice were visually indistinguishable from wild-type mice. Our previous study used biochemical and pharmacological techniques to screen five different lines of transgenic mice, and the CaMKII Tg-1 line was found to have the highest transgenic mRNA expression. CaMKII overexpression was limited to the forebrain areas, including the ACC, hippocampus, and amygdala, using a αCaMKII promoter-driven construct (see Methods and [14]). No CaMKII overexpression was detected in the hindbrain or spinal cord [16]. Furthermore, biochemical experiments showed that calcium-dependent CaMKII activity was increased by 2.6 fold in transgenic mice compared to wild-type mice. No changes in other protein kinase such as β CaMKII or CaMKIV were found. Administration of 0.5 μM 1NM-PP1 (a compound that inhibits transgenic CaMKII, see methods) in vitro or systemic application of 1NM-PP1 in Tg-1 mice was found to inhibit overexpressed activity without effecting basal CaMKII in wild-type mice. Thus we chose to use the Tg-1 line of transgenic αCaMKII-F89G mice in the present study.
Our results provide the first evidence that CaMKII activity in the forebrain plays an important role in cingulate synaptic depression and behavioral sensitization related to persistent pain after hindpaw inflammation. While our results do not show a direct correlation between the loss of synaptic LTD in the ACC and a reduction in behavioral sensitization in CaMKII transgenic mice, we suggest that the enhanced forebrain CaMKII activity reduced behavioral sensitization to peripheral injury and that the synaptic function of CaMKII in cingulate neurons may be one mechanism contributing to this behavioral phenotype. Although we focused on the area of the ACC in the current study, we cannot rule out the possible contribution of other forebrain areas such as insular cortex and prefrontal cortex to behavioral changes in the transgenic mice. Our present findings, together with a previous report of increased pain behaviors in forebrain NR2B overexpressing mice (Wei et al, 2001), consistently suggest that behavioral sensitization after tissue injury can be regulated or modulated by neuronal activity within the forebrain areas, including the ACC. Loss of LTD in CaMKII transgenic mice may be responsible for the reduction of nociceptive responses after tissue injury. The rescuing effect of 1NM-PP1 in CaMKII transgenic mice provides strong evidence that the electrophysiological and behavioral changes observed in CaMKII transgenic mice are not due to any developmental changes induced by CaMKII overexpression.
The present results provide strong evidence that enhancing the activity of NMDA receptors or CaMKII does not have the same consequence on persistent pain despite being equally implicated in learning-related synaptic plasticity and behavioral memory. We found that forebrain overexpression of CaMKII did not affect basal nociception and behavioral nociceptive responses to subcutaneous injection of formalin. In our previous study in mice over expressing NMDA NR2B receptors in forebrain regions, we found that late behavioral nociceptive responses to formalin was selectively enhanced in transgenic mice [10]. One possible explanation for such a difference is that the over expressed NMDA NR2B receptors are inactive in normal conditions due to the magnesium blockade of NMDA receptors. However, the enhanced activity of CaMKII would tonically alter the signaling pathways within neurons, including a disruption of normal function and expression of NMDA receptors in the forebrain. Therefore, over expressed CaMKII activity within neurons may have opposite effects on certain outcomes (either at synaptic or behavioral levels) as compared with NMDA receptors.
Why was behavioral sensitization to injury reduced while synaptic depression abolished in the ACC CaMKII transgenic mice? One major hypothesis for the roles of the ACC in pain is that neuronal activity in ACC neurons code the magnitude of pain or pain-related unpleasantness [19]. LTP within the ACC caused by injury or amputation may in part encode abnormal or enhanced pain sensation [19]. The function of synaptic LTD is always thought to be the reversed form of LTP; in the case of memory, LTD is proposed to help to erase old memory and thus allow new memory to form. If we treated plastic changes in the ACC as a memory event caused by injury (e.g., CFA injection in this report), we would predict that loss of LTD in the ACC in CaMKII transgenic mice might abolish the animal's ability to 'erase' such 'bad' or 'painful' memory. Therefore, we would predict that behavioral sensitization would be more likely to be enhanced in CaMKII transgenic mice. By contrast, we found that behavioral sensitization was reduced in CaMKII transgenic mice. It is clear that more experiments are needed in the future to investigate if changes in NMDA receptor expression and function in the ACC and other areas in CaMKII transgenic mice may underlie these results. The roles of cingulate synaptic depression during the development of behavioral sensitization remain to explore.
Considering the important roles of CaMKII in neurodevelopment, it is important to confirm that the phenotypic changes found in brain slices and in nociceptive behaviors can be reversed by simply inhibiting the over expression of CaMKII. In the present study, we found that pretreatment with the inhibitor 1NM-PP1 rescued the loss of behavioral sensitization as well as synaptic depression in ACC slices. Therefore, our studies provide strong evidence for the physiological roles of CaMKII in cingulate neurons, both in terms of selectivity and regional effects.
The present new transgenic mice provide a powerful, and new tool for investigating the roles of protein kinases in the expression or maintenance of behavioral sensitization. Understanding these molecular and synaptic mechanisms hold promise for treating chronic pain in patients.
Supported by grants from the EJLB-CIHR Michael Smith Chair in Neurosciences and Mental Health, Canada Research Chair, Canada Institutes for Health Research and NIH NINDS NS42722 to M.Z., NIH-A14 to K.M.S.
Authors' Affiliations
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- Wang H, Shimizu E, Tang YP, Cho M, Kyin M, Zuo W, Robinson DA, Alaimo PJ, Zhang C, Morimoto H, Zhuo M, Feng R, Shokat KM, Tsien JZ: Inducible protein knockout reveals temporal requirement of CaMKII reactivation for memory consolidation in the brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003, 100: 4287–4292. 10.1073/pnas.0636870100PubMed CentralPubMedView ArticleGoogle Scholar
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This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.


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A 23 year-old Santa Monica man has found himself in pretty hot water after authorities learned he'd stolen a wheel, and a tire off a parked vehicle.
Authorities said they learned about the alleged crime just after 5 a.m., when dispatch officials received a call about some trouble that was brewing on Marguerita Ave.
When the got there, they found the witness to the crime yelling quite loudly—they were trying to rouse the person whose car had been targeted. The witness told police that a young man had been spotted stealing a tire and a wheel off a car. The thief then made his getaway in a sedan, he said.
According to a report by the Santa Monica Mirror, the escape vehicle was tracked down within minutes. Police questioned him about why his hands were dirty but the story didn't hold up. A subsequent search of the man's residence uncovered the stolen goods.
The unnamed male has since been arrested and booked at the Santa Monica Jail on $61,000 bail bonds.


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August 14, 1914 – Winnipeg fireman Anthony Gallagher (25) dies en route to a call.
The Free Press reported that at 8:45 pm he fell off his ladder truck in the intersection of
Gallagher was single, a native of Northern Ireland and left behind a brother who was also a Winnipeg fireman. The fire he was responding to was a minor one on Gertrude Street - the estimated total damage was $100.
For a list of all Winnipeg firemen killed in action.
August 14, 1899 - Le Courrier de l'Ouest, a Saint Boniface newspaper, ceases publication after just a few months.
July 11, 1953, Winnipeg Free Press
August 14, 1953 - The Winnipeg Stadium officially opens. It was slated to close at the end of the 2011 CFL season but construction delays on Winnipeg's new stadium forced it back into action for 2012. Demolition was completed in August 2013.


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Fast and affordable 3D printers, the new dimension for small business
A 3D printer that cost tens of thousands of dollars just two years ago can now be picked up for the price of a television set.
That affordability has put cutting edge technology within reach of smaller companies.
TICKY FULLERTON, PRESENTER: A 3D printer that costs tens of thousands of dollars just two years ago can now be picked up for the price of a television set and that affordability has put cutting-edge technology within the reach of smaller companies. Now, 3D printers are rapidly becoming mainstream for manufacturers, designers and innovators. Rebecca Nash reports.
REBECCA NASH, REPORTER: In a sign of how quickly the technology is developing, 3D printers are now in the reach of the everyday consumer. These particular machines cost about the same as a decent television.
SIMON MARRIOTT, MD, 3D SYSTEMS ASIA-PACIFIC: These machines are finding their way into primary schools. Kids as young as seven or eight are starting to explore with the possibilities of developing their own products.
REBECCA NASH: Simon Marriott saw the potential of this technology as a young industrial designer in the early '90s. He now runs the Asia Pacific arm of an international 3D printing company, providing limited production runs and prototypes for a number of industries, from the automotive to medical. Recently the company turned its attention to consumer focused printers.
SIMON MARRIOTT: Our group is really focused on what we call democratising access and allowing people with no extensive knowledge in engineering or design principles to really explore their - take their ideas from a conceptual level through to what we call a production level.
REBECCA NASH: That concept of democratising access is also said to be motivating this group, which claims it'll be selling a 3D printer for a mere $350 by the end of the year. Perhaps those that stand the most to gain from such affordability is the SME sector.
CHRISTOPHER SUTTON, DIRECTOR, THINGLAB: What we found is a of the smaller companies have realised that they can bring certainly the initial prototyping phase in-house.
REBECCA NASH: ThingLab specialises in supplying 3D design technologies and says there's been a recent surge in interest from smaller outfits in buying their own machine rather than outsourcing their printing needs. As a result, the process of refining a design is being compressed to two to three days from two to three weeks.
CHRISTOPHER SUTTON: They can come in in the morning, have an idea for a design, tweak a design they're working on, print it out, take that object to a meeting in the afternoon, discuss it and then go back and start the process again the next morning.
REBECCA NASH: Validating a design through 3D printed prototypes is also saving manufacturers big and small hundreds of thousands of dollars in tooling modifications.
SIMON MARRIOTT: If you're utilising 3D printing technologies, you're cutting out a.) a lot of time and b.) a lot of indirect cost.
REBECCA NASH: But perhaps the greatest hope the proponents of cheap 3D printing have is for innovation. Already there are sites where you can sell your product via a 3D print plan, which can be downloaded to a printer near you.
SIMON MARRIOTT: We've seen a significant uptake in that as what I will call a microbusiness model, where people are developing their own products but seeing an opportunity to make some small revenue from having their products loaded up onto an aggregation website.
REBECCA NASH: While Christopher Sutton cautions there is a lot of hype surrounding the technology, he acknowledges it's too early to make hard and fast predictions where it will end up.
CHRISTOPHER SUTTON: There are so many different avenues 3D printing is branching into at the moment, it's really hard to decide which ones will be successful and which won't.
REBECCA NASH: A new tool that will be taking place in many a backyard inventor's shed.


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In addition to our normal day to day commercial activities, at B&S Property, we Strongly believe in making a contribution to the community. The Partners and senior staff actively support charities thourgh both direct contributions or sponsoring associates in their charity work.
A charitable trust has been set up by the founding partner, called 'HK & JH Charitable Trust'. The Charitable Trust's object are to help relieve hardship or distress as a result of local, national or international disaster or by reason of their social or economic circumstances.
In addition to making direct contribution to projects, the Trust considers application from other chritable organisations. Contact Us for further information.
The Virdee Foundation was setup by one of the Senior Partners at B & S Property, Peter Virdee in loving memory of his Grandfather the lete Jagat Sing Virdee. The Virdee Foundation helps relieve the needs of Women and Children who have or who are in danger of suffering Mental, Physical or Sexual Abuse. Whilst The Virdee Foundation core function are as stated it is not limited to these. In the last few years the Foundations and it's Trustee's have participated and made donations to further many other causes. The Charities Trustees have made various Grants to help Women and Children During the last year.
More in formation on The Virdee Foundation and its work can be obtained here email@example.com


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A former spy has described the debate within the CIA over the arrest, rendition and torture of Canadian Maher Arar, saying multiple colleagues warned against it because they were convinced they were punishing an innocent man.
Some within CIA tried to stop arrest, torture of 'innocent' Maher Arar, says former spy
ARLINGTON, Va. – A former spy has described the debate within the CIA over the arrest, rendition and torture of Canadian Maher Arar, saying multiple colleagues warned against it because they were convinced they were punishing an innocent man.
The account from former CIA officer John Kiriakou sheds new light on decade-old events that caused a public inquiry in Canada, a $10 million payout from the federal government, and unsuccessful lawsuits in the U.S.
It's a rare peek into discussions within the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency — whose role in the 2002-03 events has never been publicly examined, having remained off-limits in Canada's inquiry.
It came during an interview at the ex-spy's Virginia home, where he described how he went from being the head of counterterrorism operations in Pakistan after 9-11, to becoming the first CIA employee to publicly question the use of torture, to eventually spending two years in jail for leaking agency secrets.
During that interview, Kiriakou declined to discuss whether he'd interacted with Canada's spy services — because, he said, revealing details about a foreign partner remains a cardinal sin in the world of espionage.
But he added: "We can talk about Maher Arar."
Kiriakou expressed disgust with his country's role in sending the engineer to be tortured in his native Syria, and with its continuing failure to issue an apology like Canada has.
He described a dynamic within the agency in which one mid-to-high-level officer ignored repeated objections from her subordinates, and insisted on pushing ahead.
"I can tell you that a lot of people inside the CIA objected to this," Kiriakou said.
"(They said), 'This is the wrong guy. He hasn't done anything.'"
Arar was grabbed during a New York airport layover and flown to a notorious Syrian prison. He has described a year-long ordeal that included being beaten and stuffed into a body-sized slot in a windowless dungeon. Arar likened it to being buried alive.
At the time, Kiriakou was a branch chief within the CIA's Counterterrorism Center.
While he won't discuss the branch name, he says it fell under the broader Osama bin Laden unit and the Arar file was being handled by another branch within the center.
He says an officer, one level above branch chief, was determined to make the arrest.
"I remember hearing some of the conversations — that, 'This is the wrong guy, this is a mistake.' And then one officer in particular (was) saying, 'No, this is not the wrong guy. We're going to take him.'
"She was certain that we had the right guy. That Maher Arar was an al-Qaeda whatever-he-was — a facilitator, or whatever — and we were moving forward with it."
He wouldn't identify the officer.
He's just spent two years in prison for leaking agent details to the media — though Kiriakou insists the government punished him for blowing the whistle on torture.
Kiriakou only referred vaguely to her general status within the agency. He also made a fleeting reference to a Hollywood hit: "As you may have seen in the movie 'Zero Dark Thirty,' there were certain people inside the CIA who insisted on pushing forward."
He refused to say whether she was the officer who inspired that movie's main character — who was named in some media reports, and was linked in the Senate's torture study to the wrongful rendition of another innocent man, Khaled el-Masri.
The CIA declined to comment for this story. So did Arar, although his U.S. lawyer says it's about time these details emerged.
"Nothing has ever come out here about the CIA involvement," said Maria LaHood.
"He's never received an apology from the United States… His name continues to be smeared. As far as we know, he's still on a watch list.
"It's not too late for accountability here. It would be nice, at least, to do some naming and shaming… It doesn't provide redress but at least it puts a light on what happened, and why it happened, and how it happened, to ensure that it doesn't happen again."
Another advocate for Arar said the same is true for Canada. Canadians who passed on information to the CIA continued law-enforcement careers and got promotions, said Kerry Pither, who wrote a book about the rendition of Arar and three other Canadians.
"We as Canadians need to know: who was it? Who was convincing, who was pressing this (CIA) agent?" Pither said.
The federal inquiry concluded it was likely that U.S. authorities relied on information from the RCMP — although it never had access to U.S. intelligence.


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Business events and economic reports scheduled for the coming week:
All times are Eastern.
MONDAY, July 16
WASHINGTON — Commerce Department releases retail sales data for June, 8:30 a.m.; Commerce Department releases business inventories for May, 10 a.m.
TUESDAY, July 17
WASHINGTON — Federal Reserve releases industrial production for June, 9:15 a.m.; National Association of Home Builders releases housing market index for July, 10 a.m.; Treasury releases international money flows data for May, 4 p.m.
WEDNESDAY, July 18
WASHINGTON — Commerce Department releases housing starts for June, 8:30 a.m.; Federal Reserve releases Beige Book, 2 p.m.
American Express Co. reports quarterly financial results after the market closes.
THURSDAY, July 19
WASHINGTON — Freddie Mac releases weekly mortgage rates, 10 a.m.
Union Pacific Corp. reports quarterly financial results before the market opens.
Microsoft Corp. reports quarterly financial results after the market closes.


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Album review: The Dead Weather's 'Sea of Cowards'
In the Dead Weather's world, love has nothing to do with flowers and chocolates; it's all about grenades and flak jackets.
"When you're so close to me," the magnetic Alison Mosshart sings in "Gasoline" from the band's sophomore album, "I can smell the gasoline.... I don't want a sweetheart, sweetheart/I want a machine."
The Dead Weather's unrelenting commitment to exploring the outer limits of human passion is consistently breathtaking here. A lot of musicians approach that theme from a safe distance, but Mosshart, drummer Jack White, guitarist-keyboardist Dean Fertita and bassist Jack Lawrence utterly subsume the listener in a musical onslaught that exhibits not so much as a shred of moderation.
What elevates Dead Weather above so many less mindful practitioners of heavy music is that it comes up with songs that are the equivalent of smart bombs. They zero in on a target rather than indiscriminately obliterating everything for miles around.
"Blue Blood Blues" understands the negation of self that can happen in an all-consuming affair: "Yeah, I love you so much/I don't need to exist." That idea returns in "Looking at the Invisible Man": "Wave your hands in the dark, woman/You're looking at me." A duet between Mosshart and White, "Die by the Drop," turns the marriage vow inside out: "I'm gonna take you for worse or for better/To my little grave." And in "I'm Mad," Mosshart and the band are at once convincingly enraged and flirting with insanity.
The group's debut oozed with chemistry, and that musical empathy has just grown stronger and tighter here. And both in songwriting and musical execution — the operative word throughout here — the Dead Weather has crafted the equivalent of a taut, expertly directed movie thriller. "I'm gonna make you understand," Mosshart snarls in "I Can't Heart You," "There's nobody you can trust but me."
That's not a promise…
—Randy Lewis
The Dead Weather
"Sea of Cowards"
Third Man / Warner Bros.
Three and a half stars (Out of four)
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Movie News & Reviews
'The Legend of Tarzan' is a big budget fiasco
There's a nice moment early in The Legend of Tarzan in which a child notices John Clayton (Alexander Skarsgård) has unusually large hands, like a mutant, and when he kneels down he rests his body on his knuckles, like a gorilla. The audience, of course, knows something the kid doesn't: Clayton, aka Lord Greystoke, was formerly known as Tarzan, the king of the apes, before he left the African habitat where he was raised and moved to London to lead a gentrified life with his beloved Jane (Margot Robbie).
The quick shot of Clayton's hand is a small and thoughtful detail — the only new facet this huge, cumbersome movie adds to Tarzan lore. The Legend of Tarzan is the 857th movie incarnation of Edgar Rice Burroughs' pulpy adventure novels, but it's the first one in which the production notes state "no real animals were used in the making of the film," as if that were something to brag about.
Disney's live-action remake of The Jungle Book had no real tigers or snakes either, but the animals in that one talked and occasionally sang. British director David Yates, who brought the Harry Potter series to such a satisfying conclusion (he directed the last four installments), does such an impersonal job with this material that you wonder if he lost a bet. He sent cameras all the way to Gabon to capture authentic background footage, but half of the movie looks like it was shot on the set of The Phantom Menace. Even the sky looks painted and fake.
Once Tarzan finally sheds his city-slicker gear and gives in to his inner savage (almost an hour in), the film starts to feel like a Marvel Comics production. The screenplay, by Adam Cozad and Craig Brewer, is cut from the superhero-movie template, complete with a maniacal, power-hungry villain (Christoph Waltz, coasting on his Inglourious Basterds schtick) and a comic-relief sidekick (Samuel L. Jackson as George Washington Williams, a Civil War veteran). Margot Robbie's Jane is much more empowered than the character's previous incarnations, but in the end she exists basically to be rescued.
There is also a subplot involving an African tribal chief (Djimon Hounsou) who has an old score to settle with Tarzan. That storyline is the strongest in the film, raising intriguing questions about a world in which only the strong survive. But it gets resolved in such an unsatisfying manner that you assume it was included just to set up a sequel — one that I am pretty certain will never happen now.
The Legend of Tarzan doles out big beats of action at regular intervals to keep you awake, like a drunkard clashing trashcan lids in an alley late at night. But your eyelids grow heavy anyway. When elephants trample across the screen, they feel weightless, like balloons. The gorillas are decent, but Yates pushes credulity too far by having them emote. Skarsgård lets his abs do most of his acting. When Tarzan swings from a tree vine, the effects are so cartoonish he might as well be Spider-Man. And when he belts out his trademark jungle yell, it sounds like a cry for help, as in "Help me get out of this movie." The feeling is mutual.
Rating: ☆
Cast: Alexander Skarsgård, Samuel L. Jackson, Margot Robbie, Christoph Waltz, Djimon Hounsou, Jim Broadbent.
Director: David Yates.
Screenwriters: Adam Cozad, Craig Brewer.
A Warner Bros. release. Running time: 109 minutes. Violence. Playing at: area theaters.


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of degrees
& programs
Fall: January 15
Applications are evaluated together after the deadline date.
APPLY ONLINE to this graduate program.
Number Required: 3
From Whom: Letters of recommendation should be obtained from college/university faculty members and gallery directors/curators familiar with the applicant's academic and artistic competence.
40 undergraduate studio credits and 12 art history credits are required.
A baccalaureate degree and a portfolio in Photography are required.
The Statement of Goals should be approximately 500-1,000 words and should include the following elements: your specific interest in Tyler's program; your research goals; your future career goals; and your academic and artistic achievements.
Minimum TOEFL score needed to be accepted:
550 paper-based, 213 computer-based, or 79 internet-based.
As a Master of Fine Arts applicant, you must submit a portfolio consisting of twenty 35mm color slides or a CD-ROM of 20 images representative of the immediate direction of your work. Please place work in chronological order. If you are applying with a slide portfolio, you should label each slide with your name and indicate "top." Submit your slides in a slide sheet, not in a box. An accompanying description list should indicate title, date completed, medium, and dimensions. Images on a CD-ROM must be in .jpeg or .tiff format and should not exceed 1024 X 768 pixels at 72 dpi. Include instructions for viewing your work. You must also submit 10 pages of printouts on 8.5" x 11" paper, two images per page (20 images total). Larger paper will be folded or trimmed to size. An accompanying description list for the CD-ROM images should include title, date completed, medium, and dimensions. In addition to still images, a DVD may be submitted for time-based work. Include viewing instructions. Quick Time is the preferred file format. Please limit the total time-based media selection to five minutes. Original work, slide carousels, catalogs, photographs, zip disks, floppy disks, books, and/or large binders cannot be accepted and will not be returned. Please provide a sturdy self-addressed envelope with sufficient U.S. postage for the return of your slides, CD-ROM, or DVD. Materials that are not accompanied by return postage will be discarded after review.
A resume is required.
Upon approval of the department chairperson and the Associate Dean, up to 9 credits of graduate work may be transferred into the M.F.A. program as Art History or studio electives. Only credits received within five years of the transfer request are eligible. No decisions are made until students have successfully completed 15 matriculated semester hours of the degree. The maximum number of credits a student may transfer is 9.
Number of Credits Required Beyond the Baccalaureate: 60, including 33 credits in Projects and Seminar Classes, 12 credits in Art History, and 12-15 credits in Studio Electives.
Projects and Seminar Classes (33 credits):
GAD 8201: Digital Projects (1 semester)
GAD 8255: Graduate Photo Workshop: Digital Photography (1 semester)
GAD 8211: Graduate Seminar in Photography (4 semesters)
GAD 8283: Graduate Projects, Photography (4 semesters)
TYLER 8000: Interdisciplinary Seminar (1 semester)
Art History (12 credits):
Of the four required courses, two must be Art History Seminar classes chosen from a range of graduate offerings (5000 to 5800 or 8000 to 9980).
Please visit the Art History course listing for more information.
Studio Electives (12-15 credits):
Course descriptions can be viewed on the Graduate School website and in the Undergraduate Bulletin. Please note that taking any course under the 5000 level for graduate credit requires prior approval from the studio area head.
Internship: No internship is required.
Language Examination: No language examination is required.
Thesis Exhibition:
An approved thesis exhibition, written statement of working philosophy, and slide and/or CD portfolio are required at the final review in order to meet the M.F.A. requirements. The thesis exhibition should be the fruit of the two years' studio research and practice in which the student engaged.
The student defends her/his thesis exhibition to the review committee. The committee then evaluates the exhibition as pass with distinction, pass, or fail.
Graduate Admissions Office
Tyler School of Art
2001 N. 13th Street
Philadelphia, PA 19122
Carmina Cianciulli
Program Coordinator:
Michael Becotte
Graduate Chairperson:
Martha Madigan
Stephanie Knopp
The graduate program in Photography is a two-year, 60-credit program leading to the Master of Fine Arts degree. The Photography program offers a variety of specialized workshops focusing on current cultural and personal issues. Within the M.F.A. program, we encourage the development of an intimate and productive working environment utilizing a variety of photographic and digital media, resulting in an individual thesis exhibition.
Time Limit for Degree Completion: 4 years
Full-time status is required.
Tyler School of Art
2001 N. 13th Street
The focus in Photography is augmented and balanced by specially designed graduate-level Art History courses and seminars; a required interdisciplinary seminar; and studio electives that ensure cross-disciplinary contact among students.
Not applicable.
Tyler students may elect to spend a semester or year in the Rome program, subject to the approval of the Photography faculty.
This degree program is accredited by the National Association of Schools of Art and Design.
The Photography area houses studios that facilitate the use of various creative approaches to the medium, including handmade cameras, large format photography, offset production, experimental and digital imaging, historical processes, critical theory, professional digital color, black-and-white printmaking, and career options for artists.
The M.F.A. program prepares graduates for careers as professional photographers and educators. M.F.A. graduates also explore the many fields of applied art and act as curators, critics, and researchers.
Not applicable.
M.F.A. courses are restricted to matriculated students.
The principal duties of the Teaching Assistant (TA) or Academic Intern (AI) include assisting faculty members in preparing apparatus or materials for demonstrations and maintenance and/or monitoring of studio and exhibition areas and equipment.
Updated 3.18.09


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Wouldn't it be wonderful if you could find a grooming salon that understands how important your pet is to you? One that truly loves animals, and cares for your pet the way you do?
The Groomers is a small full service pet grooming salon specializing in all breeds of dog and cat since 2008. We have even watched some of our fur baby clients grow into beautiful, healthy adults. When it comes to the services that keep your pet clean, healthy, and happy, we do it all. All of us at The Groomers are pet owners, and we guarantee that when you bring your fur babies to us, we'll treat then as if they are our own.
Our certified pet groomers and hygienists are committed to providing a stress free environment for your fur baby, ensuring that your visit will be enjoyable and stress free, for both you and your pet. And with a boutique full toys, hand made sweaters, collars, leashes, specialty shampoos, and food and water bowls, your visit will be a lot of fun, too!
Best of all, here at The Groomers we're using Earth-friendly products, and we're committed to ongoing education, so we can always offer you the very best in service.
For a full list of the services available, visit our services page.
At The Groomers, your fur babies are our top priority, and we love them nearly as much as you do. We will treat your pets with the respect, love, and care they deserve and are proud to offer reasonable rates from groomers who always make themselves available to answer your questions.
At The Groomers, you can choose the groomer that best fits your fur baby's needs. Visit our staff page to meet our team!


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Espadrille-impressed slingback that includes jute-coated midsole and open toe
Gold-tone buckle closure at adjustable slingback strap
Kate Spade Bowdon Slingback Strap Wedge Sandal are really much mesmeric and magnetic. You can order them to get a wedding ceremony before previously being frustrated which has a pair of sandals. These sandals are extremely mesmeric and stylish and when you are going to receive these sandals you may find that they're really homelike. They hug your foot in all the right places and provide great support. The color and fabric can be great. You do not be waiting to utilize them on the big day.
All Kate Spade Sandals are incredibly much homely and offers current looks. All of their sandals are handmade and provides women very stylish, cute and beautiful look.
We urge this sandal very much and please do leave your comments and ratings inside the comments section.


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text: Marlboro Village Veterinary Hospital opened its doors in 1982. The opening of a satellite office in Aberdeen followed in 2013. Our goal is to provide your family pets with the highest quality medical, surgical and dental care. Sadly, the trend in veterinary medicine has been geared towards larger facilities with multiple doctors. Unfortunately, patient care suffers as patients are forced through an "assembly line" of medical care. One of our strengths is our ability to listen to our clients and treat all of their pet's needs. Our staff knows each patient by name, not by a number. Experience the difference our personal care approach benefits the health and well-being of your pet.


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A taste of Coachella before summer ends8:31 pm
Before summer ends, I would like to share to you how I got a taste of coachella. Before proceeding with the blog post, I know I've been MIA for months and that's because I've been too caught up with work and some stuff that I need to work on for my future. I did try to find time for my blog but I would always end up being to tired and drained. I'm very hopeful in being consistent about this.
Guess Top | Next Jeans HW Shorts | Zalora flats | Fancy and Chic Metal crown


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Saturday, February 13, 2010
Eye brow shaping
Refer back to the picture to follow guidelines easily .
firstly you will need a cuticle stick/pencil/anything that is long and slim and same width the whole way down, you ll also need a light coloured eyeliner for marking your measurments .
now your almost ready , stand in front of the mirror .
Step1line the cuticle stick up with the outside of your nostril see(A) on the picture ,holding the stick against your face ,line up with the inner tear duct on the eye as seen in pic A ,and follow on up to the eyebrows. Mark brow with pencil and tweeze any hairs that go past this line in this case to the left of the picture .
Step 2looking directly into the mirror straight ahead ,holding the stick in the same place on the nose ,angle the stick to the right lining it up with the outer line of the pupil ,this
will then point the stick to the highest part of your brows ,thus showing you where your arch should be located,mark this with your pencil again ,always tweeze in the direction of your hair growth not against as this can distort the follicle making the hairs grow back in all different directions , to tweeze a nice arch gradually tweeze a fine amount of hairs while taking a few more along the way as you get to your arch this will make the brows higher thus opening the eyes more ,remember never over pluck , only spend a few minutes on each brow.
Step3holding the stick still in the same position at the nose ,move the top of the stick further to the right (depending on which eye your working im just using the picture as an example)this time stopping at the outer corner of the eye refer back to diagram , mark the brow with pencil again and this time tweeze anything to the left of the mark this is to show the lenght in which your brows should be .
Remember apply bonjella if your find tweezing too painful ,leave for a few minutes ,wipe and tweeze painfree :)
Posted by beautysecrets at Saturday, February 13, 2010
Labels: eye brow shaping
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