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Do scientific explanations of phenomena remove the need for a Designer?
How can the scientific account of the development of the universe be reconciled with Genesis?
Can Judaism accept the idea that animals and man evolved from lower forms of life via natural selection?
The Challenge of Creation is a completely revised and vastly expanded edition of The Science Of Torah. That work was widely hailed as the best book of its kind for its honesty and thoroughness of approach. The Challenge of Creation builds upon its approach, covering more issues and in greater depth. Carefully, methodically, and eschewing sensationalistic or dogmatic claims in favor of reasoned analysis, it shows how some of the greatest Jewish thinkers explained Judaism and Genesis in a way that complements modern science rather than conflicts with it. The Challenge of Creation is an invaluable resource for anyone grappling with conflicts between science and religion. It is a profound work that is sure to become a classic.
With a foreword by Rabbi Dr. Tzvi Hersh Weinreb, executive vice president, The Orthodox Union (download foreword here).
Hardcover/ 360 pp./ $34.95
The book can be purchased at Jewish bookstores across North America and Israel, and you can also purchase it online here for the discounted price of $29.95 plus $5 shipping and handling to North America and Israel:Soth Africa, Australia and Europe: $29.95 plus $15 shipping
NOTE: This book was written for those who are committed to the tenets of Judaism, but also respect the scientific enterprise and possess an advanced education in the natural sciences, and who are therefore disturbed by the challenges that are raised for their understanding of Torah. It addresses these challenges by following the approach of Rambam (Maimonides) and similar Torah scholars towards these issues, which, while firmly within the framework of authentic Orthodox Judaism, is not the method of choice in many segments of the ultra-Orthodox community. But many have found that no other approach works as well in solving these difficulties.
Other people may not possess as extensive a background in the sciences or may dispute the validity of the modern scientific enterprise. They may therefore simply not be bothered by the questions discussed in this book, or they may have different ways of dealing with such conflicts. Such people are not the intended audience of this book and they are advised not to read it.
"This work demonstrates that grappling with issues such as evolution, the age of the universe,
the literalism of our sacred texts, miracles, divine providence, and the scientific worldview in
general can result in a new appreciation of the breadth and depth of our Torah... Seekers, whether
new to the Jewish observance or born into the Orthodox fold, will find in this work a model of honest
confrontation with serious challenges. The Challenge of Creation spells out these challenges
articulately, analyzes them keenly, and refers to impeccable and authoritative traditional sources
to address them... Rabbi Slifkin is to be commended for his contribution to our abiding faith as
well as for his courageous intellectual honesty."
—Rabbi Dr. Tzvi Hersh Weinreb
Executive Vice President, The Orthodox Union
Rabbi Slifkin's book is hands down the best Orthodox work on the evolution-creation issue--and perhaps on Orthodox
Judaism's confrontation with modern science. Written with a marvelous lucidity, it removes a group of flawed but
tenacious arguments from the table and develops a formidable if controversial alternative. That the book has provoked,
and will continue to provoke, debate and disagreement testifies to its importance and to its sharp and clear
formulation of the issues and challenges.
—Dr. David Shatz
Professor of Philosophy, Yeshiva University,
Adjunct Professor of Religion, Columbia University
"In this revised edition of The Science of Torah, Rabbi Slifkin addresses creation and evolution with
courage and integrity. Eschewing apologetics, Rabbi Slifkin sets down a highly sophisticated and deeply religious
account of how an informed contemporary Jew is to think about the biblical story of creation. Clear, cogent, and
philosophically convincing, Rabbi Slifkin's The Challenge of Creation is an intellectual kiddush Hashem (sanctification
of God's Name)."
—Professor Yehuda Gellman
Department of Philosophy, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
Author, Experience of God and the Rationality of Theistic Belief
"The Challenge of Creation is a wonderful and important book. Rabbi Slifkin demonstrates that cosmology and
evolution are not a threat to religion and that Orthodox Judaism should not be hostile to modern science. On the contrary,
educated Jews should embrace scientific progress as giving us a better understanding of and appreciation for the glory of
God. Rabbi Slifkin writes with clarity and logic and with a firm grasp of the scientific issues. He provides extensive
references to a wide range of Torah giants whose interpretations show that cosmology and evolution are not alien from our
tradition. It is an invaluable resource for those of us in communities where the scientific ideas described in this book are
known to be firmly established and where students, friends and colleagues constantly question us about traditional
Judaism's views on modern science."
—Professor Carl Rosenzweig
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Syracuse University
"No one could read this book without being aware of the author's deeply spiritual nature and his absolute devotion to the
faith of his fathers. At the same time, one meets a man for whom the world is God's creation and it is for us, made in God's
image, to go forward bravely exploring and trying to understand this creation. Rabbi Slifkin shows us that modern science
is in the end a wonderful hymn to what God has wrought, and its appreciation enriches our lives and makes possible an even
greater respect for, and love of, the Author of all things."
Professor Michael Ruse
Department of Philosophy, Florida State University
Author, The Darwinian Revolution and Darwin and Design
"...Shows convincingly that it is possible to debate these questions within the framework of modern science, while remaining
completely loyal to the fundamentals of emunah... for its scope and depth of treatment I think it is the best book presently
available on this subject."
Rabbi Aryeh Carmell
Author, Masterplan; Editor, Michtav Me-Eliyahu
(Read Rav Carmell's full approbation here)
"Rabbi Natan Slifkin examines currents of modern thought that others suspected to be hostile to traditional Judaism, and
proves them to be more friend than foe...The author quickly wins the confidence of the reader with thorough scholarship,
using restraint instead of hype, and giving full voice to positions that differ from his own. The Science of Torah is a
considered discussion of issues, rather than a pitch for a quirky private theory. It is a book you will be proud to share
with thinking friends-both traditionalists and skeptics."
Rabbi Yitzchok Adlerstein
Author, Maharal: Be'er HaGolah
"As a scientist and observant Jew I found this book to offer the finest reconciliation between what many see as a
conflict between science and Torah… This book presents the most clear explanation I have ever read of how these two,
the observation of the physical world, and the spiritual world recorded in Torah, may come together, for a greater
understanding of God's creation."
Professor Tim M. Kusky
Paul C. Reinert Professor of Natural Sciences, Saint Louis University
Author, The Encyclopedia of Earth Science
Q. I already own The Science Of Torah. Is it worthwhile for me to buy The Challenge Of Creation?
A. Yes, absolutely! This work differs from The Science Of Torah in several significant ways. The text has been completely revised and numerous minor but sloppy errors have been corrected. There is also a wealth of new material in several sections, and the book is twice the length of the first edition. In particular, there are new sources corroborating some of the more "radical" concepts in this book. This new version also addresses several themes not adequately discussed in the first edition, such as the license for non-literal interpretation, the history of conflicts between Torah and science, and questions posed by the existence of ancient human civilizations. Anyone who owns and appreciates The Science Of Torah will definitely want to purchase The Challenge Of Creation.
Q. Is this book under the same ban as the first edition?
A. That depends on which signatories of the ban you are referring to. In general, the ban was directed against the book Mysterious Creatures (i.e. the topic of the scientific knowledge of the Sages of the Talmud), not The Science Of Torah. Those who who objected to the ideas in The Science Of Torah fall into two categories. Some, such as Rav Dovid Feinstein, are of the opinion that it is actually heretical to state that the universe is billions of years old; accordingly, this new book would likewise fall under the original ban. Others, such as Rav Elyashiv, do not believe that these ideas are actually heretical; they merely object to their being presented as mainstream legitimate works for the yeshivah community. Accordingly, this book, which is clearly labelled as being only for those people grappling with conflicts between Torah and science, should not be assumed to fall under the ban (for its intended readers). It should be emphasized that the very same concepts and approaches that these rabbinic authorities have labelled as heretical or unacceptable, have been actively endorsed and promulgated by other rabbinic authorities.
Q. So, bottom line, is it halachically permissible to purchase the book?
A. If you believe that this is a halachic question that you cannot decide yourself, ask your local halachic authority.
"...closely argued and well-written, and not without flashes of humour here and there... powerfully and rationally
argues that to be Orthodox need not—indeed, must not—mean abandoning reason, nor need it mean rejecting science...
the most intelligent and interesting [book] I have read on the subject... civilized, respectful, erudite, well-argued,
beautifully structured..."
—Paul Shaviv,
The Canadian Jewish News (full review)
"...A clear-eyed vision of the natural sciences as seen through the lens of Jewish tradition... His intended
audience-religious Jews facing crises of faith-will be hard-pressed to find a more carefully crafted book of ideas."
—Jennie Rothenberg,
Moment Magazine (full review)
"...Offers a sumptuous variety of theological and philosophical approaches to reconciling Darwinian evolution with
religious faith...fascinatingly rich..."
—David Klinghoffer,
"The Human Factor," in The Weekly Standard (full review)
Correction: Page 70 contained an inaccurate representation of Ramban's view of Divine Providence, as
explained by Rabbi Dr. David Berger in his important essay "Miracles and the Natural Order in Nachmanides." Here are some
quotes from the essay which correct this presentation:
"The Jewish collective is often (usually?) guided by miraculous providence, but it too can find itself forsaken and left to accidents."
"The religiously unavoidable belief in such providence must logically lead to a relaxation of inhibitions against the recognition of miracles."
"[Nahmanides'] God retains the unrestricted right of intervention in the natural order; even ordinary individuals have their time of reckoning, not only the absolutely righteous and the absolutely wicked die from eating the heave-offering, non-Jewish collectives can certainly be punished for sin—and Nahmanides' logic requires that all these divine acts be understood as miraculous. At the same time, such interventions remain very much the exception in a world which otherwise functions in an entirely naturalistic way. Nahmanides' position allows for untrammeled miracles within a fundamentally natural order..."
The full essay is available as a PDF file here.
In March 2008, a second edition of The Challenge Of Creation was published. The changes and corrections from the first edition are in a PDF document that can be downloaded here.
Addition to page 182 (first edition, page 185 in second edition), discussing the idea that even though the six "days" of creation are not literally days, this does not take away from the concept of Shabbos ocurring after six 24 hours days: There is another instance where we see that the symbolic language of the Torah is of binding halachic nature. According to several authorities, the Talmud (Chagigah 2a, Erechin 2b, Sanhedrin 4b) derives from a verse speaking of God's "eyes" that a person's halachic obligation to visit the Temple during the pilgrimage festivals only exists if, like God, he possesses two eyes. Now, while some Rishonim may have interpreted this literally, certainly normative interpretation today is that this description of God possessing two eyes is not literal; and yet its literal meaning is used in a halachically binding context.
Comments from readers will be posted here. To send a comment, write to firstname.lastname@example.com.,/p>
"Dear Rabbi Slifkin,
I am baal tshuva, and have not had an extensive education on Jewish thought, so it felt to me like a bolt of electricity to discover the Torah's relationship with nature. I have been embarrassed to ask much about the inconsistencies I recognize between science and Torah teachings; although for sure the rebbaim seem quite knowledgeable, it was always my understanding that we had to have a leap of faith to embrace much of what is taught. The Challenge of Creation opened my eyes that it was never necessary to ignore scientific discoveries, in fact it is modern science which illustrates the most fascinating facets of HaShem's work. Not only have I been impressed by your resilience to the pressures from the ban and the campaign against you, I am even more in awe of your understanding of the necessity of certain groups needing to separate from some ideas in order to exist. Truly, you are an example of how we must show love and understanding of one another. I must thank you beyond your teachings of biology and zoology; the greatest lessons I believe come from your middot.
"Rabbi Slifkin,
I would like to thank you for writing "The Challenge of Creation". It was probably the first book that I have ever read which honestly dealt with the issues of science and Torah without making weak arguements or assuming that science was fundementally wrong/flawed. I especailly appreciated how you made reference at parts to opinions which disagreed with your views and explained why you felt your approach was better. I found that it was very respectful to the reader as it let him draw his own conclusions as oppose to telling him which is the correct perspective.
"Dear Rabbi Slifkin,
A breath of fresh air and logic and reason! I'm reading your book, The Challenge Of Creation and loving it...loving the logic and the intelligent, respectful handling of a hot topic."
"Dear Rabbi Slifkin,
I have just finished your book and wanted to tell you that I found it to be absolutely wonderful.
I have a Ph.D. in Semitic Languages, and teach in the Hebrew department of Hebrew University, with a specialty in Biblical Hebrew. I have been thinking about the issues discussed in your book since a very young age, and this is the first time that I have read a book that discusses modern science in a way that actually enhances ahavat Hashem, as opposed to presenting apologetics for the religious world view. It is great to have all the rabbinic sources you have assembled in an organized essay that can be used for repeated reference... I think that your bold approach to the interpretation of Breishit is the only one that really works, especially with regard to the evolution of the human species... Thank you."
"Thank You, Rabbi Slifkin, for your wonderful book, The Challenge of Creation. I am of your target audience, a scientifically knowledgeable Orthodox Jew who has been troubled by these questions for much of my life. It's the first book of its kind that didn't push me away from Orthodoxy (and I've read tens of these books). In fact it gave me new hope that Orthodox Judaism might actually survive modernity... all in all, I absolutely loved this book."
"You really have done a fantastic job on this new edition. I enjoyed The Science of Torah, but this one is a masterpiece of research and emunah and crystalline thinking. Thanks for writing it."
"I bought the book "Challenge of Creation", I am in middle of reading it. It is really a great book. It is
impossible to read the book without growing in emunah. Thanks!!
One more thing, as a Charedi, I can tell you that a large percentage of the Charedi community fully support your approach regarding evolution and Chazal's knowledge of science. Every year the percentage of Charedim who subscribe to your approach will grow. I am certain that the younger generation of Charedim are more supportive than the older generation, which shows that ultimately the vast majority of the community will support your approach. Although it took a long time for the frum community to accept heliocentricity, however due to the internet - the information age, I think it will only take 20 years for it to gain majority support in the Charedi community. Just my 2 cents!!"
"Dear Rabbi Slifkin,
I greatly enjoyed the "Challenge of Creation." What is especially remarkable is that you were able to summarize and tie together historical developments in such a broad range of key areas, including the Philosphy of Science and fundementals of Jewish belief.
Best wishes and congratulations,
A.M., Baltimore"
"Hi R. Slifkin,
I just wanted to complement your new book: "The Challenge of Creation". I enjoyed it immensely. Your published works have helped me to understand more fully both Judaism and Science. I've been interested in understanding the issues you've written about for years. I've found them so thought provoking, I even went on a dinosaur dig in Malta, Montana. It was truly an incredible experience.
David Ilan"
Shalom u'vracha!
I recently purchased the book "Challenge of Creation" (it was nearly impossible to track down a copy as it has been sold out everyone I checked in Yerushalayim) and was pleased to see that such a sorely needed book has finally been published to quench the needs of the educated Orthodox population. The book articulates many ideas I have myself speculated upon, and answers questions I had yet to crack. I only hope that this is not the last of such publications for the modern-Haredi community; since the necessity for them only grows.
D., Kiryat Sefer
Dear Rabbi Slifkin,
Ever since reading "The Science of Torah" I have eagerly purchased and read all your other books. I very much appreciate your honest approach to dealing with difficult topics and I'm always impressed with the depth and breadth of research that you bring to bear in the subjects that you tackle.
Yours truly,
DBK, Toronto
Dear Rabbi Slifkin,
I read The Science of Torah and found it both fascinating and liberating. No longer do I need to feel uncomfortable with supposed contradictions between science and Torah, and a major barrier to perfect faith in Hashem and His Torah has been lifted.
All the best,
A.R., Canada
Dear Rabbi.
I very much enjoyed your book on Torah and Science... More importantly it helped further synthesize my Torah view of the world with the world of modern science. In fact I greatly recommend your Sefer as the BEST one I have read thus far in its field. It contains no apologetics and is superbly researched...
Best wishes,
Dear Rabbi Slifkin.
I have recently finished reading your book, 'The Science of Torah'. It was a fascinating read and has expanded my understanding of how Judaism views science and how it deals with both the age of the universe and the emergence of life. I have become interested in Judaism over the last couple of years and found most of the apologetics (for the age of the universe and evolution) to be very constricting. After going through a period where I was overly skeptical of scientific works and somewhat blindingly over zealous in my defence of certain apologetic thoughts, I now find, after reading your book, to be free to look at science with an open attitude. This has helped me mature my understanding of the Torah/Science sphere, and although my views are not as clearly defined as they were (I think I have a lot of reading to do regarding this) they are far more sensible and flexible. Thank you for helping me to develop this view.
London, UK.
Hello Rav Slifkin!
I... deeply appreciate your publication of "The Science of Torah." I am a Baal Teshuva (or on the way)... I grew up with a great deal of appreciation and wonder for the prehistoric past, dinosaurs, and evolutionary theory. One of the toughest conflicts I had when coming to Torah was how to reconcile my fairly broad paleontological knowledge with Torah - especially as I had seen some hashkafic approaches which merely ridicule evolutionary biologists and paleontologists. Your sefer is, in my humble opinion, the best Torah/Science work that I have ever seen in its fairness, balance, and scholarship. In sum, yasher koach!
A.S., Washington DC
Shalom Rabbi Slifkin,
I am writing to tell you about my husband. Many years ago he was an enthusiastic baal tshuva but the road is difficult and he has veered off course. He is a doctor and he is very smart. However, he could not resolve the conflict of the world's scientific findings with what is taught to his children in Yeshiva. Mainly, he maintained the world must be millions of years old due to the dinosaur bones and the "ancient humans" found in Africa. After studying National Geographic, and everything he learned in public school and college, he was convinced that evolution had to be where we are from. He seemed to still believe in G-d but that he is remote in his current affairs and the world in general. He was so confused, all of this and he still wears his kippah and tzitzis, but he had a hard time keeping shomer shabbos. I was desperate to help him find his way back and to find something published that could give him good answers to the reason there are dinosaur bones and ancient humans. To me the answer is obvious, it is all the hand of Hashem and is renewed daily. But he wanted an explanation from the Torah.
So I purchased The Science of Torah for him. Wow. That is quite a book. It is excellent and I am now starting to read through it for the second time. There was a lot I did not understand with the first reading. But I told you this was for my husband. That day after he read your book, for the first time in a few months, he was home before candle lighting for Shabbos and he just seemed more at ease about Shabbos. But another thing has happened as well, a bit more shalom bayis, not because my husband may have become more understanding, although I hope so, but I now understand how a type of evolution may fit well within Hashem's divine plan and how the universe and this world and all that is in it unfolded. I want to thank you for helping me and my husband to grown in Yiddishkeit and to increase our shalom bayis. I am certain your book will help many others and it will be received and appreciated successfully by the Jewish community.
S.E., New Jersey
Dear R' Nosson,
I finished reading "The Science of Torah" this weekend - It blew me away. I read a good deal on the combined topic of "creation, evolution and torah", both pro- and anti- science - yours was the best synthesis of the topics that I have seen. Some of the footnotes alone were worth the price of the book. It was a very fitting read for the new year.
S.W., New York
Dear Rabbi Slifkin,
I am a high school science teacher and am a big fan of The Science of Torah. It was an essential part of my introduction to a unit on Evolution. My daughter and I so enjoyed Nature's Song. She recites Perek Shirah each day and it makes it so much more meaningful. We thank you for your clear presentation in these beautiful works.
Family C, New York
I purchased this phenomenal book for my 18 year old Orthodox son who loves the study of Talmud and science. As a new student
attending MIT it is my hope that he will always feel at peace studying both Torah and science and not feeling that the two
are at odds. Your book helps make this possible!
October 21,2004
Dear Rabbi Slifkin,
I'm writing to extend my congratulations to you on your book "The Science of Torah", which I have recently finished reading. As a scientist and observant Jew I found your book to offer the finest reconciliation between what many see as a conflict between science and Torah. While many scientists see their understanding and explanations of how things work in the natural world as being outside the realm of religion, your book makes it clear that all of nature is part of Hashem's creation and constant supervision, and that the natural laws that scientists have discovered are simply part of the framework in which Hashem operates and interacts with the natural world. One of the most difficult points that most people have in resolving science and Torah is with the time scales invoked by scientists for the formation of the Earth and Universe, in contrast to the six days of creation in the Torah. As a geologist I regularly work with samples that are dated by many different independent methods as being billions (4.5) of years old, and there is not a serious geologist out there who does not recognize the billions of years of history recorded in the stratigraphic record on Earth. Astronomers and Physicists likewise see a 14 or 15 billion-year history of the universe.
In your book I was very pleased at the way you examined this thorny issue at several different levels. On one level, you note that some suggest that Hashem may have created an Earth and Universe that was already old, with features that would later be interpreted by scientists as particularly ancient. While observant Jews can not really discount this a possible, I like your analysis in which you state that this is unlikely since you don't think Hashem is trying to test or fool us. You also do an excellent job of discussing the impossibility that the days are referring to days as we currently measure them, since the Earth and Sun were not in existence for the first days of Genesis. You note that parts of the Torah are particularly mystical and not meant to be taken literally, including Bereshis. You mention that the days of creation may be metaphorically referring to spiritual forces and not days as we know them in our physical world. What we know are but a few drops from the ocean, as you quote from one of our early sages.
In my years as a scientist I have often pondered how the scientific and Torah worlds might come together to explain our observations, and have always believed they would and must, and in fact the sequence of events recognized by scientists is now closer than ever to that in the Torah. In your book, you have presented the most clear explanation I have ever read of how these two, the observation of the physical world, and the spiritual world recorded in Torah, may come together, for a greater understanding of Hashem's creation.
Professor T.M. Kusky
Paul C. Reinert Professor of Natural Sciences
Saint Louis University
Dear Rav Nosson,
I am writing to congratulate you, and to thank you for your important work, 'The Science of Torah'. I myself work in the field of outreach, and have much experience in re-introducing young Jews across the UK to the world of Torah.
There is no doubt in my mind that the greatest shortcoming we have had, as a Torah community, when appproaching young intelligent academically trained secular Jews, is a total lack of sophistication and understanding of the complexity of the challenges posed by our current scientific knowledge. The mainstream approach within Torah education has often been to denigrate scientific knowledge, to attempt to pick holes in scientific theory (such as evolution) and to pretend scientific knowledge to be inadequate and speculative. Whilst such an approach can work for those who have grown up with the wisdom and beauty of Torah (and even then it is often an insufficient approach!) it is certainly becomes problematic when trying to communicate it to an intelligent skeptic.
I have personally witnessed prominent Rabbonim, even of the Baal Teshuvah movement, coming unstuck when challenged properly by young students of scientific disciplines, even at undergraduate level! Scientific knowledge is simply too complete, consistent and rigorous nowadays to be shrugged off. And yet since Torah is the expression of a Creator of the very phenomea that scientific knowledge is revealing, the Torah cannot possibly be unaware of these phenomena!!!
Your book provides a dramatic and critical leap forward. It is thoroughly honest and rigorous, from a perspective that is uncompromisingly Torah - clearly you are a true yirei Shomayim - and yet uncompromisingly intellectually honest. I have not only used the ideas myself - to great effect Boruch Hashem!! - but also use them in training programmes we run for educators and lay people alike in the community.
Recently as I was interviewing a prospective candidate for one such programme, he actually asked me about the book, and recent opposition he had heard to it. He was bothered, because though he had grown up chareidi here in London, attended a chareidi school, loved Judaism, and moved onto a mainstream chareidi Yeshivah in Yerushalayim, he had remained deeply bothered by the conflicts between Torah and science. Until he too came across your book. Not only he, but apparently many of his friends in a similar boat had also discovered it, and, according to this bochur, it had helped strengthen their Emunah.
May I thank you on behalf of the dozens of people I know personally who have gained so much from 'The Science of Torah'. It is nothing short of a real kiddush Hashem, a critical work that klal Yisroel could have done with long ago. Who knows how many people will be able to find their way back to Hashem because of this book... Who knows how great your zechus... May Hashem help you continue to help all of us gain clarity in understanding His infinite Torah and His beautiful creation.
Hatzlochoh Rabboh
London, UK
Dear Rabbi Slifkin,
I can't tell you how happy I was to have read your book The Science of Torah. I have been a practicing Rabbi for the past 20 years and your book reinforced my understanding of Emunah, and reconciled many dilemmas I had. It was fulfilling to be reminded of awesome Torah sources which tackled so many issues in such a mature manner.
Dear Rabbi Slifkin,
As a scientist, a biologist with more than 40 years of scientific research and administrative activity behind him,
I am writing to say how much I support your work. I read The Science of Torah and it gave me one of the clearest expositions of the lack of conflict of Torah and science. In this age of science, we cannot lose an entire generation of young people by forcing them to turn their back on science as they learn Torah in greater depth and show increased commitment to mitzvot.
Dear Rabbi Slifkin,
I was most impressed by your book "The Science of Torah". It came like a breath of fresh air.
I have been a professional biologist most of my life, now approaching retirement, and having been brought up on modern science of course I experienced some difficulties when I began to do teshuva in my 40's - the age of the world, evolution etc., etc., - the usual difficulties faced by baalei teshuva.
As I advanced in yiddishkeit and got more deeply into the yeshivah world I also became aware that science and scientists - and biologists in particular - are in general derided and despised in the frum world, or at best pitied. On the other hand I happen to know, from personal knowledge, that the greatest biologists are usually highly intelligent, humble, honest truth-seekers, and not dribbling imbeciles as every cheder yingel is taught. Come to that, I myself have taught evolution and I'm not aware of being as subnormal as that. So there's something not quite right here.
For me, studying the workings of the world, and especially biology, is a way of glimpsing the workings of its Creator, a way of getting close to G-d. Pollination by insects, inflammation, cellular communication, the rain cycle - the list is awesome and endless. Your book was a balm to my troubled spirit, showing that Judaism does not have to be anti-science, that faith and intellect do not have to be enemies, and that Torah and science are strikingly similar in many ways, both being ways of approaching Hashem.
The book is honest, well-researched and brilliant. In an ideal world where all Jews were properly Torah-educated from birth there would probably be no need for it, but since that is not the case I strongly recommend your book for all thinking baalei teshuva, especially those with some scientific knowledge. They will probably learn quite a lot of science too!
Please continue with this essential work.
With best regards
As a science teacher in a frum girl's middle school, it is both my pleasure and my privilege to introduce my students
to the wonders of Hashem's creations. I have found Rabbi Slifkin's book, The Science of Torah, to be an invaluable
resource. The book is divided into three different sections: the first part details the delicate balance of all the "natural"
laws, which point to a unique Creator. The second part details questions on the age of the universe, and the third part
details different theories of evolution.
When my students ask, "why do we have to learn science, we're never going to be scientists?" I answer that one can gain in Yiras Shomayim by contemplating Hashem's creations. The delicate balance of "natural" laws is such that life could not exist if even one thing were different. Rabbi Slifkin's book gives many examples of these natural laws, and also shows how they lead to an appreciation of Hashem's greatness. Rabbi Slifkin gives a very clear and understandable explanation of the correspondence of the physical world and the spiritual. The universe in which we live is a physical manifestation of the spiritual world simply because Torah was the 'blueprint' for creating the physical universe. Just as there is a concept of 'histahlshelus', an unfolding of layers of existence from the spiritual down to the physical, there is a corresponding unfolding of patterns in the physical world that we inhabit, termed fractals by the scientific community.
My administration feels that it is very important for me to cover the topics of the age of the universe and evolution from a Torah viewpoint so that my students have the background of proper hashkafah when exposed to them later. Rabbi Slifkin's book has a very thorough discussion of the Torah perspective on these issues, presenting ideas from many of our sages. I tell my students that Hashem created the world the way He wanted it to exist. He could have created it in any way He wanted. The fact that the world was created with evidence of an old universe, with gradual stages in the creation of animals, seemingly evolving from one to another, means that this is the way Hashem wanted the world to look. As Rabbi Slifkin quotes from the Kuzari, "Heaven forbid that there should be anything manifest or proved which would contradict anything in the Torah." It is important that my students learn the difference between actual observations, "that which is manifest", and vague theories and incorrect pseudoscience, and it is vitally important that they know what our sages have said on these topics. Too many of our people look at scientific observations and conclude that the Torah is, chalilah, wrong. Too many others look at the Torah and conclude that Hashem's actual creation is what is wrong. This is also a tragedy.
People come to Yiras Shomayim in many different ways. There are some who come to love Hashem and realize His greatness from studying Torah. Others come from contemplating the wonders of His creations. The last question I ask my students on the final test at the end of the year is: What did you learn this year that helps you realize 'Mah rabu maasecha Hashem'? I was very pleased that I had adequately conveyed the miracle of Creation, when one of my students answered 'evolution'.
I highly recommend Rabbi Slifkin's book The Science of Torah, for anyone interested in the interface between science and Torah, between the physical world of Hashem's marvelous creation and the spiritual Truth with which it was created.
—J.J., Baltimore


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: Healthy Lifestyle Changes Linked to Reduced Risk for Dementia
Posted September 19, 2014
WEDNESDAY, Sept. 17, 2014 (HealthDay News) -- Managing diabetes, quitting smoking, controlling high blood pressure, exercising and maintaining a healthy weight can reduce the risk for dementia -- even late in life, according to new research.
The World Alzheimer Report 2014, commissioned by Alzheimer's Disease International, revealed that diabetes can increase the risk of dementia by 50 percent. The study noted that obesity and an inactive lifestyle are key risk factors for diabetes as well as high blood pressure.
The researchers suggested that dementia should be included in national public health prevention and detection programs along with other major non-communicable diseases, such as cancer and heart disease. They pointed out that it's never too late in life to make healthy lifestyle changes.
"While age and genetics are part of the disease's risk factors, not smoking, eating more healthily, getting some exercise, and having a good education, coupled with challenging your brain to ensure it is kept active, can all play a part in minimizing your chances of developing dementia," Graham Stokes, global director of dementia care at the international health care group Bupa, said in a news release from King's College London in England.
"People who already have dementia, or signs of it, can also do these things, which may help to slow the progression of the disease," Stokes added.
A team of researchers, led by Martin Prince, a professor at King's College London's Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, found that quitting smoking had a strong link with a reduced risk for developing dementia.
The report, published on the Alzheimer's Disease International website in advance of World Alzheimer's Day on Sept. 21, found that among people aged 65 and older, former smokers have a dementia risk that is similar to never-smokers. In contrast, current smokers are at much higher risk for this mental decline.
People with more education are also at lower risk for dementia. Although education doesn't affect the brain changes that lead to dementia, it can reduce their impact on brain function, the researchers explained.
Changes in the brain can begin long before symptoms develop. The investigators concluded that growing older with a stimulated and healthy brain can help people live longer, more independent lives.
Although survey data from Bupa has shown that many people are worried about developing dementia, few know about some specific steps that can help reduce their risk, including being socially active with friends and family, losing weight and exercising.
"There is already evidence from several studies that the incidence of dementia may be falling in high-income countries, linked to improvements in education and cardiovascular health," Prince said in the news release. "We need to do all we can to accentuate these trends. With a global cost of over $600 billion, the stakes could hardly be higher."
And, added Marc Wortmann, executive director of Alzheimer's Disease International, "From a public health perspective, it is important to note that most of the risk factors for dementia overlap with those for the other major non-communicable diseases."
Wortmann explained in the news release that "in high-income countries, there is an increased focus on healthier lifestyles, but this is not always the case with lower- and middle-income countries. By 2050, we estimate that 71 percent of people living with dementia will live in these regions, so implementing effective public health campaigns may help to reduce the global risk."
-- Mary Elizabeth Dallas
Copyright © 2014
. All rights reserved.
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subset: commoncrawl


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From a childhood running barefoot around outback Western Australia, Ernie Dingo has become one of Australia's most instantly recognisable television stars.
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Now living in Sydney, Ernie Dingo can be found on location in Redfern and Croydon filming the second series of the critically acclaimed 'Redfern Now'.
In a NAIDOC week special video, Ernie Dingo explains his early years playing barefoot in the dirt of Bullardoo Station.
He tells of pretending to sleep to secretly catch the stories of his elders, the joy of hearing his nan's belly laugh, and the importance of language and clan throughout his life.
"At school you looked after your own mob. You didn't call it mentoring, you just knew who your people were and looked out for them. These days they would call it mentoring."
Other ABC NAIDOC coverage can be found here:
To mark NAIDOC week, ABC Local brings you the stories of the quiet achievers doing their thing right across Australia.


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"By giving the government unlimited powers, the most arbitrary rule can be made legal; and in this way a democracy may set up the most complete despotism imaginable." ~ Friedrich August von Hayek
Colin Powell: Trayvon Martin Verdict 'Questionable'
While, indeed, this is a man quite familiar with 'questionable', I must disagree with his assessment, and with that of those still sniveling about the outcome. The jury spoke, whether or not they agree with it. And, despite political and media pressure, they found the man innocent. Let it go, move on to the next vehicle of pseudo-justification to try to enact laws to fulfill gun-grabbing fantasies. As though the people those in power really have to worry about would ever give them up. They may get them from the stupid or the weak, but those aren't really who they have to worry about, are they?
- Login to post comments
I believe Powell just ran his mouth and just merely questioned the judgment the jury came down with. Personally, given the limited information, I believe the Zimmerman should have received something. My intuitive reasoning rests on the fact of the 911 call he made and he chose to disregard the operators advice of not getting out of his car. This seems to be exactly what he did not do. Zimmerman proceeded to dog Martin. I also believe that Zimmerman created the confrontation, yet it did not give Martin the right to attack Zimmerman. My puzzlement is who was the original aggressor? Was Martin really going for Zimmerman's firearm. As far as I can determine, with the limited information, Zimmerman broke every code of responsible firearm usage in such circumstances. There are too many unknowns for me regarding this event. My position rests on the fact that Zimmerman should never have gotten out of his vehicle and waited for the arrival of the police.
I also believe that the race issue is a sham. Racist foundation seems to spring more from the idea of black and white. Zimmerman was of Latino origins, however race does not seem to really be a fact in this case.
I would be interested in anyone else's point of view on this as I never followed it that hard. In conclusion I continue to believe Zimmerman should have been charged with depraved indifference because he violated every basic principle of responsible firearm usage and common sense. Most reasonable men would never have pursued Travon the way Zimmerman did.
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I must say that your thoughts mirror my own on this case. I think it is most unfortunate that Zimmerman has been given such blanket and unquestioning support: what he did was, at best, wildly irresponsible and markedly foolish. At worst, his actions were flat-out murder. Either way, his first critics should have been those who instead choose to be his most ardent advocates.
I, personally think that the way he was charged was contrived by prosecutors and politicians (but I repeat myself...) in order to reach the the very verdict that occurred. A verdict that will surely be used as a foil to impose new firearm restrictions and self-defense laws-all of which will place gun owners more squarely within the sites of prosecutors. He could have been charged with a multitude of crimes for which the evidence was incontrovertible-such as stalking and assault...for which a conviction would have been all but assured, but he wasn't. Cui bono?
Let no one misunderstand-I don't believe in the system at all, and think that "justice" can be, and is being in this case, better served without courts at all.
I have no idea why this manipulation was so easily achieved, but I'm forced to consider that there is a latent, and insidious, racist streak amongst too many in the "gun community", as well as political "conservatives" and "libertarians" that blinded too many of them to both the stark political manipulation as well as the irresponsible behavior of Mr. Zimmerman in this case.
It is difficult to stand in the face of such an ideological wind and speak your mind, and I applaud you for doing so.
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text: Managed Security Security Monitoring from the Endpoint to the Cloud. As network and infrastructure threats grow in quantity and complexity, we are able to provide your organization with the help needed to continually monitor your network, identify the most important threats and effectively prevent them. We are able to take on the day-to-day defense of your infrastructure by maximizing your security technology investments, monitoring and managing your network security, including systems and data. Our Managed Security Service combines best-of-breed threat prevention technology with the skills required to prevent attacks on your network, 24 hours a day, seven days a week. Working with our key security vendors, we have created a comprehensive range of fully managed firewalls and security services using best-of-breed security technologies to provide comprehensive network, data and device protection. Mitigate emerging threats rapidly Block attacks, protect your assets and supervise your network around the clock Execute clear, actionable alerts against advanced threats and bot activity Threat Monitoring & Cyber Attack Defense Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) and Log Management Incident Response & Event Investigation Device Security Management Advanced Threat Detection Endpoint Security Identity and Access Management Speak to us today


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IMF weighs Spanish bank backstop bill
June 7 - Markets wait for word from Washington as the IMF weighs up just how much cash Spain needs to backstop its banks.
Reliever risk assets is all of -- -- Spanish bank rescue and a Chinese restaurant its hopes for Asian tomorrow and the Chinese rubles or boosting speculation. The more monetary stimulus could be on the way in the US as well. Gemini now reports to be working urgently with EU officials on a rescue package for Spanish banks that could be worth up to forty billion euros. But while rising hopes for a rescue may be boosting markets any deal could just bring fresh troubles for the Euro zone. This is why the VCB and I mean you have have -- a difficult problem. Because. They have to treats. All of these countries even handedly. And I think it's a particularly -- program at the moment and given that Greece. He's going to going to the polls again in the show featured in the new feature and and they were not not take kindly to you them suited to see another. Troubled Euro zone country having as you said. Preferential treatment. Spain says is now -- the outcome of an IMF report on its banks before deciding on any appeal to Europe for help. That report -- before the fund's board tomorrow and will then be issued Monday. Among the sticking points whether any EU bailout loans could go to Spain's bank resolution fund. Rather than the states. On the data front tomorrow we'll get more clues about health of cool eurozone economies to trade numbers -- from S and Germany German exports. -- down at an annual rates of 1% on the month while France's trade balance is seen edging deeper into the red tomorrow may also -- course to deeper -- it's at least. Industrial production full cost for a -- 7%. In April that is so from us for now but join us every day this time for look ahead of the events sentiment in the markets. Financial troubles -- is roses and.


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We love the people who wear our glasses. Most of all we love their stories. Here is one of them.
Meet Chloe, a Sneaky Ducker whose love for films and helping people led her to the role of People and Culture Manager at Rotor Studios. She talks to us about her new Dexter frames, her pet dachshunds and why she has a tattoo of Mrs Doubtfire on her arm.
- Tell us about yourself and what you do for a living
I'm Chloe and I live in Sydney with my two miniature dachshunds Elliott and Rex. I'm also the People and Culture Manager at Rotor Studios; we're a full service production company that specialises in CGI, live action content and software development. We create amazing work and have a lot of fun while we're doing it. I look after our incredibly passionate and talented people and foster an environment where they're happy and thriving.


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From the U.S.: Last October while out for the night on Halloween, my wife's friend rubbed my butt with my wife across the table from me and immediately removed her hand and said sorry. The night went on with no other instances, but as we went home in a crowded bar, we said our goodbyes and our hands grabbed each other's and I'm not entirely sure what that meant. Anyways, we have been around them a few times since and have not had an issue.
Fast forward 10 months and while I was at a business conference, I got drunk and flirty (first time since being married in 8 years) with a girl at the bar and initiated a butt rub of my own on her. I got the idea from the what had happened to me. I immediately panicked and got out of the situation. Upon my return home, I confessed to my wife what had happened and we had a rough month of fighting.
The incident with her friend from a year ago now lingers in my head and I feel bad about that situation but am afraid that if I share that with her it will end in divorce as we have a relationship on the rocks for a couple years now and we are just getting over my transgression.
Should I open up and tell her or should I just keep it to myself and know that nothing will ever happen again? If I don't say anything my wife will keep her friend, I will keep my marriage, and my kids will be in a stable home. If I don't tell her, I will just feel wrong about it.
I don't think the specific incidents are the problem. I think you may be playing with a way to get out of your distressed marriage without taking full responsibility for it. Apparently, either telling your wife of her friend's pass or confessing to flirty behavior while drunk will tip the balance and your wife will end it.
You said your relationship has been "on the rocks" for a couple of years. Why aren't you and your wife doing something about it? I strongly urge the two of you to make an appointment with a couples counselor and work on the core problems in your relationship.
Yes, it will be difficult. Although most couples benefit from counseling, there are no guarantees. But even if you do not stay married, you and your wife will have a better understanding of what went wrong so you can separate honorably. Either way, you'll both be better able to move on with your lives.
I wish you well.
Dr. Marie


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- Research Article
- Open Access
Equalization and Decoding for Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Wireless Channels
- Bjørn A. Bjerke1Email author and
- John G. Proakis2
© Bjerke and Proakis 2002
- Received: 31 May 2001
- Published: 18 March 2002
We consider multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) wireless communication systems that employ multiple transmit and receive antennas to increase the data rate and achieve diversity in fading multipath channels. We begin by focusing on an uncoded system and define optimal and suboptimal receiver structures for this system in Rayleigh fading with and without intersymbol interference. Next, we consider coded MIMO systems. We view the coded system as a serially concatenated convolutional code (SCCC) in which the code and the multipath channel take on the roles of constituent codes. This enables us to analyze the performance using the same performance analysis tools as developed previously for SCCCs. Finally, we present an iterative ("turbo") MAP-based equalization and decoding scheme and evaluate its performance when applied to a system with transmit antennas and receive antennas. We show that by performing recursive precoding prior to transmission, significant interleaving gains can be realized compared to systems without precoding.
- MIMO systems
- multiple antennas
- fading channels
- linear equalization
- union bound
- turbo equalization


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Process simulation
Process simulation programs are an important tool for reliable sizing of new production plants and an efficient use during their life time.
POLYMETRIX has an extensive data base of material characteristics. In addition we obtain specific material properties in our laboratory where we treat customer samples as close as possible to the desired large scale process conditions.
In combination with the know-how and experience of our process design engineers, these results form the basis for the design of the future and existing plants.
POLYMETRIX uses a state-of-the-art thermodynamic simulation program with incorporated proprietary models for various process aspects like gas/solid heat exchange, crystallization, drying and polycondensation reactions.
The models are updated on a regular basis with data from commercial plants.
Scope of services
- Process simulation for equipment and pipe sizing
- Process simulation for new plant designs
- Process simulation for throughput or specification changes
- Process simulation for plant conversions and capacity increases
- Simulation for process optimization
- Energy consumption and emission reports
- Feasibility studies


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Stay on target
Raspberry Pi owners already know what the little computer that could is capable of, so it makes sense that there's a reason to celebrate its birthday. The official Raspberry Pi Foundation has announced the exact date and additional details for the Raspberry Pi Birthday Weekend 2017 and its corresponding celebrations.
Next year will mark the Raspberry Pi's fifth birthday as well as Code Club's, and there's an official party that will begin on Saturday, March 4th in 2017. The Raspberry Pi Foundation has the deets on what you can expect to see there:
"The celebration will be held at Cambridge Junction (a five-minute walk from Cambridge train station), on Saturday 4 March from 10:30 am to 6:30 pm, and on Sunday 5 March from 10:00 am to 5:30 pm. It will feature talks and workshops for which you can sign up, as well as drop-in sessions that allow you to get hands-on without the need to register, so there's something for everyone. There will even be cupcakes and free goody bags for all partygoers! Tickets cost just £5 for over-16s, and under-16s go free."
So if you're going to be in the area at the time, you might want to think about visiting, especially since there will be opportunities to test out Code Club projects, get involved with Raspberry Pi, and check out the rest of the cool stuff on offer. If you've never played around with one before, you should definitely make it a priority. There's a plethora of amazing projects you can put together with relatively little money and few resources and still be able to wow your audiences, even with a pretty low understanding of technology. That means if you have kids or even friends or family members looking to mess about with them, they should be able to with little muss or fuss. Probably.


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Vampires need heart
So we were playing Champions of Norrath last night and when Mormaz pulled out his heart, I immediately thought that the vampires could be searching for their hearts.
This doesn't dovetail too well with a stake, ala Anita in Obsidian Butterfly.
Anyway, I could spin this as in heart == love, but I'm not sure this is the type of story the Monster would want to read…


text: Agrimarket, Finland In DIY and hardware stores the size of products ranges from small items to large machinery. This is why the flexibility of shop fittings is important. Davidsens Tømmerhandel, Denmark Due to an increase in demand on Funen & Zealand, Davidsen built three new warehouses of a total of 6000 square meters in Odense. Imero, Sweden When the two sister companies merged, forming Imero Gunnar F. Höglund AB, they decided to relocate the warehouse from Norrköping to Västerås. Kodin Terra, Finland Pallet racking and Optim shop fittings have proven to be an effective display idea for Kodin Terra's range of home furnishings, construction and garden products. Köster, Denmark Constructor has delivered long span shelving to the warehouse at Köster Denmark. The shelving is used for storage of the company's entire selection of equipment for arc stud welding and welding bolts. K-rauta, Finland Shop fittings and storage systems were essential requirements in their shop, storage and outdoor locations. Rexel, Germany Constructor has created space for the storage and order-picking of some 30.000 items And increasing order lines picked per day from 6.000 to 12.000. Schneider Electric, Sweden Schneider Electric is one of the worlds leading companies within energy effectivness. Turnover world wide is 20 billion euros and the group have 120,000 employees. SEAS-NVE, Denmark SEAS-NVE was in lack of outdoor storage capacity and at the same time the company wanted to liberate space for other purposes. Statoil Subsea, Norway Statoil, the Norwegian multinational oil and gas company, has recently installed Mobile cantilever racking for the storage of pipes at their warehouses at Vestbase, Norway. Volkswagen, Sweden We were pleased to help Volkswagen Parts Logistics with their new central warehouse in Scandinavia, which supplies parts for all models of the group. XL Byg, Denmark In order to secure a more effective service for both professional workmen and do-it-yourself people, XL Byg needed some smart storage solutions.


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In a digital age people still matter and connecting well to those that you lead certainly matters
A post by Jacqueline Bagnall
Even with the computing power to analyse huge datasets and the big data world of companies such as IBM, there is still the need for the human sense maker. The human ability to ask questions and make sense of the results, spotting inconsistencies and better defining the question at the core of the analysis. As automation takes hold and we see the diminished need for low skilled manual labour, this calls for a better understanding of how the human mind can add value to the organisation. What is it that creates the difference between competing organisations when the slick precision of a wholly automated function delivers product perfection?


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Social Services Front Desk
Media•on December 8th, 2011•Comments Off on Social Services Front Desk
Manages the front desk/reception area; greets clients and directs them to locations within the building, makes referrals to outside community resources and assists in the screening of special needs clients. Good interpersonal skills requiring judgment and tact to communicate effectively with clients demonstrating a range of emotional behavior. This position requires a criminal background check. For more information about this position, contact Lee Ann Luxenberger at email@example.com or by calling (513) 482 – 4520.


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Sorry, Sperling Vineyards does not ship wine to United States.
Canadian wine delivered right to your door!
Our Riesling vines, planted in 1978, have rooted deeply, accessing soil structures and minerality* that course through the vines and bunches. Aromas of apricot and citrus. On the palate is an initial attack of bright citrus flavours, settling into the minerality, and finishing with apricot again.
*Minerality: "Minerality is valid for Sperling wines because there is an added structural dimension to the wines every year regardless of heat units or growing season. I'm not talking about the obvious things like acidity and extract but another dimension - it resembles backbone with a flinty texture and feels like a line down the middle of your palate." Ann Sperling
*Minerality: "It can mean the sense that you are tasting the soil as well as the grape; that hint of mineral flavour has somehow migrated through the vine-roots into the wine. It can be more of a metaphor for something crystalline; a hard, glinting presence setting off what is soft and fruity." Hugh Johnson
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Short for light-emitting diode, LED is a semiconductor that illuminates when an electrical charge passes through it. LEDs are commonly green, amber or red; however can be an assortment of other colors. Below are examples of how an LED could be used with a computer.
Keyboard LEDs
A good example of an LED is the led status indicators on your keyboard for Num Lock, Caps Lock and Scroll Lock as shown in the picture. In this picture, the blue LED on the keyboard indicates the Num Lock is enabled, but since the Caps Lock and Scroll Lock are not on it indicates they are not enabled. The location of these indicators depend on manufacturer of the keyboard, but are usually located in the top center or top-right hand side of the keyboard.
Not all keyboard num lock, caps lock, or scroll lock indicators have identifiers like those shown in the picture. If you are not sure what LED goes to what key, press the num lock, caps lock, or scroll lock key while watching the LED's and see which one illuminates.
Apple keyboards and some other keyboards have the Caps Lock LED indicator on the Caps Lock key and may not have other indicators because there are no scroll lock or num lock keys.
Mouse LED
Most computers today use an optical mouse, which is a mouse that uses an LED to help track the cursor on the screen.
Motherboard LED
Many motherboards also have an onboard LED that lets anyone looking at the motherboard know that there is power getting to the motherboard and in some cases if there are errors. Pictured at right is an LED/PLED located between the PCI slots on a motherboard.
Do not work inside a computer or disconnect any internal plugs while this LED is lit.
When the power cable is disconnected from the computer the LED light stays on for several seconds and then slowly fade off, which is normal.
Floppy, hard drive, CD-ROM, and other drives LED
Computer floppy drives and CD-ROM drives have LED indicators on the front of them to help indicate when the data on a disk or disc is being read, or information is being written to the disc.
A hard drive has no LED on the drive, but the motherboard send signals over the system panel connector cables that cause an LED on the front of a computer to flash when the drive is active.
Printer, speakers, monitor, and other devices
External devices that require power (e.g., monitor, printer, or speakers) also have an LED indicator to let you know if the device is on, off, or has an error.
Access light, Amber, CCFL, Color terms, Computer acronyms, Diode, Electronics terms, Green, Hardware terms, OLED, Orange, Red


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Obsidian Kingdom is a music project founded in Barcelona in 2005. The band plays hard-to-classify heavy music with plenty of contrasts.
Their main features are the use of multiple sound resources in order to portray a wide range of emotions; a deep interest for aesthetics and the mise-en-scène; and the sombre and cryptic quality of their lyrical topics.
Defying both tradition and their Black Metal origins, Obsidian Kingdom continue to tread their own path in an untiring search for their own unique style, aside from convention or style boundaries.
Rider G Omega – Guitars and vocals
Ojete Mordaza II – Drums
Om Rex Orale – Bass
Eaten Roll I – Guitars
El Mantixædræ Loco – Keyboards


text:
Pharmacist RX
Pharmacist RX
Your patients are in need of medicine. Get behind the counter and fill their prescriptions as fast as you can!
Date added: 2013-08-23
Instructions: Use arrow keys to play.
Tags: pharmacy games medical games
fatima786 (260) - 2015-09-02, 06:33This game is absolutely amazing i loved it!!!!!!
Latest News
Newest Games
Site Links
Game Tags


text:
Chris Webb puts the Lonmin massacre in some historical perspective.
Letter from a Japanese anarchist about the Hiroshima bombing, and the response of self-organisation and mutual aid from the local population following the explosion.
If the American labor movement is to rise again, it will not be as a result of electing different politicians, the passage of legislation, or improved methods of union organizing. Rather, workers...
These are some excerpts from the Red Notes book, Working Class Autonomy and the Crisis
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text:
Here is the diary for the week ahead for the Mayor of Calderdale.
Sunday 3 April
12pm: Girls' Rugby Festival – Old Brodleians RUFC, Hipperholme, Halifax – Mayor and Consort.
Thursday 7 April
2pm: Illingworth & Bradshaw Local Activities' Group to Visit Halifax Town Hall – Mayor and Consort.
Friday 8 April
10am: Mayor and Consort to host a Community Coffee Morning – Town Hall, Halifax.


text:
SK8DLX Basic Skate-Tool (red)
Delivery by tomorrow, Tuesday 28.05.2019, if you choose premium shipping and place your order within the next 7 hours and 49 minutes.
There's nothing worse than showing up at the park and realizing that your trucks are loose. Not any more! The SK8DLX Basic Skate-Tool has everything on board you need to mount your deck. You can use this tool to fix your kingpin and axle nuts plus to tighten the mounting kit. Of course, there are a screwdriver, an Allen wrench and a SK8DLX sticker included as well. You have a screw loose somewhere? Don't worry!
- 3/8" wrench
- 1/2" wrench
- 9/16" wrench
- Allen-key
- Phillips screwdriver
Any questions?
Drop us a line by using one of our contact forms or write an e-mail to email@example.com and we will reply within 24 hours.
Make sure to include the product link or the exact name so we know what's up.
We do offer plenty of information about boards and shoes in our blog.
Feel free to check if there is an answer to your question in our FAQ section.
Call us for free at: 08000 700 440 (Austria, Germany and Switzerland)
Landline: +49 3641 7997 2592
You can reach us from Monday to Friday between 9 am and 7 pm and on Saturdays from 10 am to 2 pm.
Your questions and answers
67 reviews for SK8DLX Basic Skate-Tool (red)
Works just fine. Does everything it must do. Pretty comfortable and looks cool as well. Im sure it'll help you wherever you are.
Might be a slight cheap plastic but for the price of just 10 euro it's good , Works well didn't really have any problems .
This tool does what it's designed for. Helping a skater in need of some technical hand. Helped me out at the park quit some times already...
This very cheap tool does its job pretty well. But there is one thing.. i have high venture trucks and is kind of dificult to tight up or loose the kingpin nut. The plascic on the tool could be smaller so that it can better fit the nut.


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First home buyers are finding out that house and land packages at Geraldton Heights Estate are a great way to maximise the benefits of the First Home Owner Grant (FHOG). Whether you are someone from Perth who has found oneself frozen out of the housing market or you are someone in Geraldton looking to purchase your first home, Geraldton Heights Estate offers fantastic value.
First Home Owner Grant
Currently, the FHOG in WA provides $10,000 for a first home buyer who buys a new home as opposed to only $3,000 to those who buy established homes. That is a lot of money; it can turn into close to $50,000 by the time you pay off your mortgage.
Stamp Tax Duty Discount
First home buyers who purchase new homes don't have to pay stamp tax duty on the first $300,000 of their land block. Since 2,000 sqm land blocks are going for $129,000 right now at Geraldton Heights Estate, that means you only have to pay stamp tax duty on the building.
Low Maintenance
Maintenance costs on a new home are very low for the first few years. If you keep your home in great shape, it will last even longer without needing a lot of repair.
Capital Growth
The Midwest is one of the fastest growing areas in Australia. Geraldton has become a shipping hub for the mining industry. With the growing population and expanding infrastructure in Geraldton, those who buy in Geraldton Heights Estate should experience solid capital growth from their property in future years.
How About a $2,500 Voucher for Appliances?
If you purchase a block of land before 31 May 2015, you will receive a $2,500 voucher from Mitchell & Brown, an electrical and computer superstore. $2,500 can help you out with "extras" such as homewares, a nice TV, a computer or whatever else you need. (Terms and conditions apply.)
Do you need any more convincing? Call (08) 9301 4445 to learn more.


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You miss 100% of the shots which you don't take.
Here is a list of things which, if you give up on them, will make your life a lot easier and much, much happier. We hold on to so many things that cause us a great deal of pain, stress and suffering. Starting today we will give up on all those things that no longer serve us or that are burden to use.
Give up your need to always be right - There are so many of us who can't stand the idea of being wrong. It's just not worth it. You jump into a fight who is right and who is wrong, ask yourself this question: Is your ego really that big?
Give up your need for control - Be willing to give up your need to always control everything that happens to you and around you - situations, events, people, etc. Allow everything and everyone to be just as they are and you will see how much better will that make you feel.
Give up on blame - do not blame others for what you have or don't have, and start taking responsibility for your life.
Give up your self-defeating self-talk - many people get hurt by their negative, polluted and repetitive self-defeating mindset.
Give up your limiting beliefs - do not allow your limiting beliefs to keep you stuck in the wrong place. Spread your wings and fly!
Give up complaining - Give up your constant need to complain about - people, situations, events that make you unhappy, sad and depressed. Nobody can make you unhappy, no situation can make you sad or miserable unless you allow it to.
Give up the luxury of criticism - Give up your need to criticize things, events or people that are different than you.
Give up your need to impress others - The moment you take off all your masks, the moment you accept and embrace the real you, you will find people will be drawn to you, effortlessly.
Give up your resistance to change - Follow your own self, embrace change - don't resist it.
Give up labels - Stop labeling those things, people or events that you don't understand. Minds only work when open.
Give up your excuses - Instead of growing and working on improving ourselves and our lives, we get stuck, lying to ourselves, using all kind of excuses - 99.9% of the time they are not even real.
Give up the past - the present moment is all you have and all you will ever have. After all life is a journey not a destination.
Have a clear vision for the future, prepare yourself, but always be present in the now.
Give up attachment - The moment you detach yourself from all things, you become so peaceful, so tolerant, so kind, and so serene. You will get to a place where you will be able to understand all things without even trying. A state beyond words.
Give up living your life to other people's expectations - many people are living a life that is not theirs to live. They live their lives according to what others think is best for them, parents friends, enemies and their teachers, government and media think is best for them. They ignore their inner voice, that inner calling. They are so busy with pleasing everybody, that they lose control over their lives. They forget what makes them happy, what they want, what they need.... and eventually they forget about themselves.


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Kansas Adjutant General's Department
06.12.2011 Story by Sgt. Jessica Barnett TOPEKA, Kan. - Serving in the military is more than a service member's job; it's their family's duty, as well. Being part of a military family is a unique lifestyle. It can seem complicated and daunting at times, but there are many programs available to help.
One of the many people available to help military families is the Family Assistance Center Specialist. The FAC specialist provides assistance services for all military members, families and veterans regardless of service component. They help serve as a liaison between the chain of command and families.
"The FACS job is to find the answer. We are on call 24/7 and our focus is on making sure families get the information they need to relieve the stressors of deployment," stated Cherie Herlinger, Kansas National Guard Family Assistance Coordinator. "We continue to work with the FRGs to maintain updated information on families and to relieve the workload of their volunteers."
The FACS will provide assistance on six essential services:
Crisis Intervention and Referral
Provide assistance and referral with the following:
• Domestic Abuse
• Child Abuse/Neglect
• Danger to Self and/or Others
• Abuse/Neglect of a Vulnerable Adult
Legal Resource/Information and Referral
• Assistance with Power of Attorney/Wills
• Information and assistance with Service Members Civil Relief Act
• Assistance with referral for Employer Support of the Guard and Reserve
Financial Resource/Information and Referral
• Understanding Military Pay
• Assistance with financial assistance and loan application through the American Red Cross and other agencies
• Referral to the availability of outside grants
• Provide referrals for budgeting classes
TRICARE Resource/Information and Referral
• Provide general information on insurance benefits
• Assist with TRICARE Medical and Dental Applications
• Assist with finding local participating providers
• Assist with challenging claim denials
ID cards and Defense Eligibility and Enrollment Reporting System information and referral
• Provide information on DEERS Rapids centers
• Assist with obtaining an ID card
Community Information and Outreach
Provide a list of local community resources including but not limited to the following:
• Assist with child care resources and referral
• Assist with referral to local financial resources
• Assist with finding a local Family Readiness Group to assist with Family Readiness
• Assist with finding community specific services (i.e., food pantry, car repair, etc.)
Family Assistance Centers are often staffed with contract employees and are responsible for providing assistance to military families in their designated FAC, or in other locations as needed. They assist service members and families with pay and financial issues, military medical benefits, legal issues, ID cards, DEERS enrollment, ESGR, in accessing benefits and services on a wide variety of other family-related issues. This list is not all-inclusive. All family problems and concerns of service members will be effectively and appropriately addressed.
FAC employees are responsible for maintaining and updating the directory of resources, agencies and organizations available to assist military families. They are also responsible for becoming familiar with, and accessing, all regulations and guidance that are applicable to the operation of the FAC.
Upon request, FAC employees are responsible for providing advice and guidance to Family Readiness Support Assistants as well as assisting them in gathering, collating, maintaining and disseminating information to families.
Comparatively, the Family Readiness Group is an official Army organization sponsored by the command. FRG membership includes soldiers assigned to the unit, civilian employees, family members (immediate and extended) and volunteers. Its purpose is to provide functional, social, and emotional support. In addition, the FRG helps keep families informed via a structured communication network between the command and family members. This support is designed to sustain families and ease the stress associated with military life.
"The FRGs work with a commander to execute the commander's readiness plan," said Michelle Williams, senior Family Readiness Support assistant for Joint Forces Headquarters. "FRGs also collaborate with the FACs to ensure resources are provided to serve members and their families."
Traditionally, an FRG is organized at the company level with guidance and support from the battalion. The organization serves as a conduit for information, mutual support, and concern. The type and scope of activities conducted by an FRG depends on the commander's budget for FRG activities, identified needs, command interest and emphasis, number of FRG members, time available for planning and execution, creativity of FRG membership, makeup of the FRG (i.e., soldier and family demographics and geo-dispersion) and the unit's training and deployment schedule.
The FRG leader role is held by a family member of a service member from the unit appointed by the unit commander. FRG leaders are responsible for supporting the commander's family readiness goals; providing overall leadership of the FRG, which includes planning, running, and supervising FRG activities; ensuring that the FRG's communication systems are effectively keeping families informed, providing timely, accurate information from the command to families; recruiting the volunteers needed to conduct required FRG activities, including activities requested by command; ensuring families are referred to appropriate FAC for needed assistance; identifying important FRG issues and informing the command of them and attending training provided by the State Family Program Office to ensure volunteer regulations are followed.
In short, the Family Readiness Group is there to provide support to members and family members of the unit while Family Assistance Centers provide subject matter experts that can help with specific situations.
For further FAC information please contact the Kansas National Guard Family Assistance Coordinator, Cherie Herlinger, at 785-806-1761/785-742-5652 or e-mail her at firstname.lastname@example.com.
To find out more on FRGs please contact the Family Readiness Assistant, Michelle Williams, at 785-274-1173 or e-mail her at email@example.com .


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Category Archives: general
A Fall Family Portrait in Moses Lake
If there's one thing I've learned in over 15 years, it's that it's what you put on the wall that counts. That's my entire focus when I make portrait. I had a great session some weeks back for Brooks, Leslie, … Continue reading
Mothers Day – An American Portrait of Casondra Seim
My wife with slender features and long flowing hair is like a Renaissance beauty. Simple grace is suited to a silver image. I made just two frames on 4×5 film, working on controlling the light and the almost Mona Lisa … Continue reading
Brent Blake – An American Portrait and a Wall of Cameras
Brent is an artist who manages a gallery in in Soap Lake near my studio. He does a lot of abstract work these days, but has a rich history in many art genres. Many years ago he started in … Continue reading
VIDEO: Showing Wall Portraits at Grant County Fair 2013
Wall portraits are what we focus on here. So last week Seim Portraits had a booth showcasing them at the Grant Country Fair. Nathan and I traded shifts and kept it manned the entire time. We got to meet … Continue reading
Mr. Lincoln – An American Portrait of Robert Brown
No, I do not have a time machine… yet! At times I make a portrait simply because – I take my time and I try to learn something while showcasing someone interesting. I'm looking for one good image. That's what … Continue reading
Heather – Miss Rodeo Headshot | American Portraits
I had the opportunity to do a fun portrait this week. Heather is competing for Spokane Rodeo Queen and we just did her portrait for the photogenics category of the event. We were going for a traditional setup, as judges … Continue reading
The Bath | American Portraits
Little caption is needed in this as I feel it tells it own story. These are my three babies, Cyrus, Ana and Asher. It was not posed. Instead, I set up and waited for it. All I needed was this … Continue reading
American Portraits | The Shurtz Family
Great wall portraits of families are a passion of mine and when it's a big group I take on the challenge like it's my own family. The Shurtzs were a beautiful family spanning three generations and we carefully planned to account … Continue reading
Ashers Crib | American Portraits, the Film Collection.
This is one of the first of my new series of portraits. The American Portraits film collection is something I've been dreaming up for awhile now. Inspired by painters like Sargent and Waterhouse, photographers like Ansel Adams and Arnold … Continue reading
Video Portrait. Wall Portrait Conference.
Video portraits are something new I've started offering. Geared towards photographers and commercial endeavors, these are films produced with the storytelling approach I often convey in a portrait, but designed for promotions and information films on people or products. This … Continue reading


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2019 is here and I want to wish everyone a Happy New Year. For those of you who love 80s NRG, February 8th 2019 is the 4th Annual Anthem Old Skool Reunion HiNRG Night at the RVT in London, I've compiled and mixed the CD for the event. Hope to see you on the dancefloor. 2018 was another great year, in July Pumpin' UK Records released my Starlab Glitter & Twisted Megamix previously only available on the physical CD along with my Matt Pop Glitter & Twisted Megamix, both are now available from all major digital outlets. 2018 started with a new Megamix on the debut album 'Ross Alexander - Glitter & Twisted' on Pumpin' UK, which is available now. During 2017 I celebrated 30 years in music and what a year it turned out to be. I had a very special release 'Steps - Tears on the Dancefloor [Dj David Strong 7th Heaven Medley]' which is featured on Steps - Tears On The Dancefloor: Crying At The Disco Deluxe Edition Album. I am truly honoured to be included on this special edition. Just before summer 'Hazell Taylor - Groove Me' was released on Fire Island Records which includes my 2K17 mix. In July 'Doctor Disko - Big Girl' was released on Academy Street Records and it includes my Dub mix. In May 'Energy Timewarp Dance Party' a non stop 22 track album mix I compiled and mixed was also released on Academy Street Records . All are available worldwide from all major digital music stores. So it has been a great 30th Anniversary year, I have a few more projects I am working on and some in the pipeline I will update you all later. Earlier this year I teamed up with my good friend Paul Goodyear [SanFranDisko] and collaborated on a remix of the iconic classic Man 2 Man - Male Stripper for the 30th Anniversary Edition. We are delighted that our remix is featured on the world wide release available on Sounds United. Available from all major online digital music stores. Early in 2016 I worked with Fylf Music on the B:Linda Project The Album release which is now available at www.fylfmusic.com The B:Linda Project - The Album is available as a physical release at special offer price £4.99 and also there is a digital download. The physical Double CD consists of 10 Belinda Carlisle Dance Remakes featuring Radio Edits plus 2 original tracks on CD1 and Extended Club Mixes on CD2. The Digital download bundle includes the 10 Belinda Carlisle Dance Remakes Radio Edits, the Extended Mixes and a Heavenly Pop Album Megamix mixed by yours truly David Strong. For all my other megamixes you can follow me and/or subscribe to my podcasts directly on Podomatic or you can also find them on iTunes.
Music has always been my passion every since I can remember, from the Accordion lessons my Dad took me to when I was 6 years old, to the piano my Dad gave me when I was 12. I can't help remembering myself as a boy in the late 70s dancing and miming to Abba, little did I know at that time where music would take me. I have always been captivated by music, then the 80s came and so too the 'Kids from Fame' I was obsessed I even took dance lessons. In 1985 I found a new obsession "High Energy" music which took me to a whole new world. It transported me to place filled with excitement, pleasure, energy, acceptance and love. My love of music is my greatest passion and it has connected me to so many wonderful people. Music rescues me when I am sad, it wraps its arms around me and helps me escape and relive some of those great memories I have shared. Music soothes my soul and it helps to me to be free....
My musical tastes vary, I like mixing the best of Uplifting/Funky/Circuit/Vocal House, Bigroom Anthems, Hi-NRG, Disco and Euro Dance.
Check out my other social media profiles below for all the latest updates, podcast details and much more.


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William Tricker, Inc.® is a leading grower of aquatic plants and supplier of water garden products and aquarium supplies. Get DIRECT answers from the growers of aquatic plants that others can share. Tricker's has been helping water gardeners enjoy their gardens for decades!
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Jamestown HS Williamsburg, VA Alumni List
Last names starting with "L"
Looking for Jamestown High School Williamsburg, VA alumni not listed? If so, check out Classmates.com® - hundreds of more JHS alumni have posted their profiles.
About the Jamestown High School Alumni Directory
Check out all of the names of the Jamestown High School alumni that attended high school in Williamsburg that are listed above. Registering will allow you to join the directory. While you are reminiscing about the times you spent in high school at Jamestown High School, you should also check out alumni photos, yearbook listings and share any reunion info if possible.


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The first two photos come from Buyu Liu, incoming MIA student.
Two Tibetan horse riders are dressed up in traditional race apparel heading to the annual horse riding festival in Naqu County (4,400 meters altitude), Tibet, China. On the far left, where land transitions into the sky, a herd of Tibetan Yak (tiny black dots) is enjoying their early-morning breakfast.
My own beloved old lady, not passing on any photo op with great-looking Tibetan people. This Tibetan pilgrim is holding a typical prayer's wheel, or Mani wheel. The stairway on the right hand side leads to the magnificent Potala Palace of Lhasa.
These photos were taken in August 2001 during a 10-day road trip in southern Tibet.
The following three photos come from Fairuz Haque, an incoming MPA student.
Photo: Living with the lake
The photo was taken at the lake city of Rangamati in the Chittagong Hill Tracts in Bangladesh. The Kaptai Lake was formed when a large part of Rangamati drowned due the construction of Kaptai Dam during the 1960s. The people native to the area is still coping with the changed landscape.
Photo: Spring Celebration at the Bookfair
The photo is taken on 13 February 2006 at the National bookfair in Dhaka, Bangladesh. In an event that is one of the most colourful festival for Bengalis, every year, one day in mid-February, people dress up in yellow, orange and red to mark the arrival of Spring. A favourite destitation on the day for Dhakaits is the monthlong bookfair, organised to pay respect to the language movement of 21 February 1952 that established Bangla as the official language of Bangladesh.
Photo: Fishing in the Bay of Bengal
The photo shows a child from a nearby fishing community at the Kuakata sea beach at the south of Bangladesh. The surrounding communities survive off the sea, going on lengthy fishing trips that may last for weeks at a time. The children of the communities often help the adults in weaving the nets and some onshore fishing.


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If you have questions about the application process, contact DHD's Office of Student Affairs.
Ready to apply?
Don't worry, we'll make this easy.
Before you start, check out our admission criteria on the Before You Apply page to make sure you meet all the requirements.
Completed applications are due January 15. To be eligible for fellowships, December 1 is the priority deadline for completed applications. ALL application documents/materials listed under the Checklist must be received in order for the application to be marked completed. Incomplete applications will NOT be reviewed. Documents/materials to include in the application will NOT be accepted after February 1.
- Application
- Transcripts
- GRE scores
- Statement of academic interests
- Three letters of recommendation
- Curriculum vitae
- Writing sample
Official UIC application
Submit your application online via the UIC Website—just follow the instructions listed there. There is a non-refundable application fee of $70 for all applicants.
You don't have to enter and submit all application information in one sitting. You can return to the system as many times as you need to. You can also return to the system checklist as often as you like to see what materials have been uploaded and verified as received.
Upload transcripts from each university and college attended.
GRE scores are required for all applicants.
Graduate Record Examination (GRE) scores should be sent directly from Education Testing Service to UIC. If you have taken the GRE within the past five years, you must request that scores be sent from ETS to UIC. UIC Institution Code: 1851.
The minimum scores we accept are a combined verbal and quantitative score of 297.
Statement of academic interests
Submit a statement of no more than 500 words that describes your research interests and focus. Include how the area of disability studies and the research focus of this program are of interest to you. It's also helpful to include the names of up to four faculty members whose work most interests you and to explain why their research program align with your goals. Visit our department directory and use the focus area filters to help you find the right individuals.
Letters of recommendation
Submit three letters of recommendation in support of your application.
People who can comment meaningfully on your work in academic and professional settings are best suited to submit recommendations. Don't seek recommendations from peers, family, friends or social acquaintances.
After submitting the application and fee online (typically the next business day), you'll be sent further instructions to generate requests to your recommenders for letters. Each person should submit their recommendation online.
Curriculum vitae
Submit a current CV, including scholarly activities and publications to date.
Writing sample
Include a writing sample no more than one year old. This should be a formal piece of research (e.g., a class paper, a chapter from your thesis, a publication paper where you are the primary author).
If you don't have a formal writing sample, please include an informal writing sample that provides a sense of your voice, skill and interests as a writer (e.g., an opinion piece, a blog entry, a one page statement on a topic of choice).
International students
If English is not your native language, you must take the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) or the exam of the International English Language Testing System (IELTS).
Scores must be submitted to UIC directly using the institutional code 1851.
We require a minimum score of 550 for the paper-based TOEFL. The minimum score for the internet-based TOEFL is 80, with subscores of Reading 19, Listening 17, Speaking 20, and Writing 21.
Minimum scores for IELTS are 6.5 for the total score, 6.0 for each of the four subsections.
Declaration and Certification of Finances
The Declaration and Certification of Finances form must be signed by you and your sponsor.
You can contact DHD's Office of Student Affairs:
1640 West Roosevelt Road
Chicago, IL 60608-6904


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Protea Flowers - Pink
Protea are wonderfully funky and unconventional flowers. Native to Africa and Australia, these pink proteas have a soft pink shade and a very interesting texture. Just take a look at those spiky leaves and adorable fuzzy centers! Protea is a rising star in modern wedding flower design, recently taking center stage in bouquets and wedding centerpieces, especially popular as vintage wedding flowers. Take advantage of our Free Shipping offer on all wholesale flowers!Learn More
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text: Track API 5gig API - SDKs deprecated Music Events The 5gig.com API lists concerts and gigs from the live music agenda of 5gig network of sites. You can filter the information by artist, venue, city, genre, among other options. Summary SDKs (0) How To (0) Sample Source Code (0) Libraries (0) Developers (0) Followers (116) Changelog (2) Summary SDKs Articles How To Sample Source Code Libraries Developers Followers Changelog SDKsThe following is a list of SDKs from our SDK directory that matched your search term. Though your definition of an SDK may differ, in our world, we define SDKs as platform- specific tools for consuming existing APIs of the sort we list in our API directory. For example, the Ruby SDK for consuming the Twitter Ads API. If you think an SDK, API, or other asset is missing from our directory, be sure to check our guidelines for making contributions to ProgrammableWeb.Add a new SDK to our directory Sorry, no sdks for this API.