text:
- Research article
- Open Access
Generation of Phaseolus vulgaris ESTs and investigation of their regulation upon Uromyces appendiculatus infection
© Thibivilliers et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2009
- Received: 17 November 2008
- Accepted: 27 April 2009
- Published: 27 April 2009
Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean) is the second most important legume crop in the world after soybean. Consequently, yield losses due to fungal infection, like Uromyces appendiculatus (bean rust), have strong consequences. Several resistant genes were identified that confer resistance to bean rust infection. However, the downstream genes and mechanisms involved in bean resistance to infection are poorly characterized.
A subtractive bean cDNA library composed of 10,581 unisequences was constructed and enriched in sequences regulated by either bean rust race 41, a virulent strain, or race 49, an avirulent strain on cultivar Early Gallatin carrying the resistance gene Ur-4. The construction of this library allowed the identification of 6,202 new bean ESTs, significantly adding to the available sequences for this plant. Regulation of selected bean genes in response to bean rust infection was confirmed by qRT-PCR. Plant gene expression was similar for both race 41 and 49 during the first 48 hours of the infection process but varied significantly at the later time points (72–96 hours after inoculation) mainly due to the presence of the Avr4 gene in the race 49 leading to a hypersensitive response in the bean plants. A biphasic pattern of gene expression was observed for several genes regulated in response to fungal infection.
The enrichment of the public database with over 6,000 bean ESTs significantly adds to the genomic resources available for this important crop plant. The analysis of these genes in response to bean rust infection provides a foundation for further studies of the mechanism of fungal disease resistance. The expression pattern of 90 bean genes upon rust infection shares several features with other legumes infected by biotrophic fungi. This finding suggests that the P. vulgaris-U. appendiculatus pathosystem could serve as a model to explore legume-rust interaction.
- Common Bean
- Rust Infection
- Avirulent Strain
- Bean Common Mosaic Virus
- Common Bacterial Blight
Common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris, represents a great source of nutrition for millions of people and is the second most important legume crop, after soybean. It is the target of multiple pests and diseases causing substantial losses. For example, on susceptible bean cultivars, bean rust, caused by Uromyces appendiculatus, may cause yield reduction from 18 to 100% with favorable environmental conditions, such as high moisture and temperature between 17 and 27°C [1]. Among the 5 different stages of the bean rust life cycle, basidia, pycnia, aecia, uredinia, and telia, the most devastating on bean is the uredinial stage. The latent period between the germination of an urediniospore and the formation of a sporulating pustule can be as short as 7 days. Signs of infection by Uromyces appendiculatus include the presence of uredinia or spore-producing pustules on the surface of the leaf. The identification of fungal proteins from quiescent and germinating uredospores enhanced the understanding of the infection process of this fungus [2, 3].
Based upon mapping and quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis, several genes involved in Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Co; anthracnose)resistance and other resistance genes for bean common mosaic virus (BCMV), bean golden yellow mosaic virus (BGYMV), common bacterial blight, and bean rust are clustered [2, 3]. The large number of resistance (R) genes for bean rust may correlate with the high pathogen population diversity; with 90 different races identified [4]. The locus Ur-3 confers resistance to 44 out of the 89 U. appendiculatus races present in the USA [5, 6]. Besides the Ur-3 locus, a number of other R genes were identified in bean; such as locus Ur-4 for race 49, locus Ur-11 epistatic to Ur-4 for race 67 or locus Ur-13 mapped to the linkage group B8 [7, 8]. To date, no large scale transcriptomic analysis of bean rust infection has been performed to better understand the mechanism of resistance. All of these Ur genes are effective against one specific rust strain, following the gene-for-gene resistance theory. Consequently, gene pyramiding was used to produce cultivars carrying multiple resistance genes [9]. Unfortunately, such resistance may prove to be effective in the field for only a short time due to the adaptation of the fungus to overcome plant defenses [10]. Consequently, unraveling and understanding the mechanisms downstream of these R genes is a key research goal to circumvent the adaptation of the fungus to plant resistance.
We investigated the Phaseolus vulgaris-Uromyces appendiculatus pathosystem at a transcriptional level for a better understanding of the plant response to fungal infection. In this study, we developed a subtractive suppressive hybridization (SSH) library made from the common bean cultivar Early Gallatin that exhibits susceptibility to U. appendiculatus race 41(virulent strain) but resistance to U. appendiculatus race 49 (avirulent strain). The resistance to U. appendiculatus is conferred by the presence of the Ur-4 gene in this cultivar that leads to a hypersensitive response (HR) in presence of the pathogen race 49 [11]. This cDNA bean library was enriched in expressed sequence tags (ESTs) that are potentially up-regulated by the compatible and incompatible interactions. More than 20,000 clones from the SSH library were sequenced and assembled into contigs. A total of 10,221 P. vulgaris sequences and 360 U. appendiculatus sequences were added to the NCBI database, significantly increasing the number of ESTs available for common bean. The regulation of 90 genes was confirmed by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) revealing 3 main expression patterns and highlighting gene regulation that occurs downstream of R protein activation.
Results and discussion
Identification of unisequences from tissues infected with virulent or avirulent bean rust
Common bean is a diploid (n = 11) with a small genome size estimated at 450 to 650 Mb [12]. So far, the total number of common bean ESTs available is 83,448 (verified on March, 2009). This number was significantly less before the publication of [13] who added ESTs from root nodules, phosphorus deficient roots, developing pods, and leaves, and from leaves and shoots with and without C. lindemuthianum inoculation [14]. (The current number also includes the 10, 221 ESTs added in this study.). The lack of sufficient P. vulgaris sequences precludes the construction of a useful DNA microarray for this plant. Consequently, in order to study the response of bean to U. appendiculatus infection, we created a SSH library and sequenced 20,736 clones from 3' and 5' ends. From 41,472 sequences, 8.5% were discarded due to the absence of a cloned sequence or low sequence quality.
Contig assembly and removal of redundant sequences was performed on 38,592 sequences using TIGR Gene Indices Clustering Tools (TGICL) and CAP3 software. Two thousand seven hundred twenty one sequences showed no similarity with other sequences and were categorized as singletons. These sequences had an average length of 670 bp. Seven thousand eight hundred sixty contigs were assembled from the remaining 35,163 sequences. The average contig length was estimated to be 1 kb. An average contig contains 4.5 sequences (min:2, max:496). Ultimately, 10,581 unisequences were identified and represent genes that are potentially differentially up-regulated during bean infection by virulent or avirulent pathogen isolates.
Distribution of the ESTs according to the genus giving the best hit (E-value ≤ e-20)
contig = 2
No hit
Low hit (>e-20)
Ice plant
S. pombe
N. benthamiana
Oilseed rape
A. thaliana
M. truncatula
Common bean
Functional annotation
List of the 15 most abundant bean contigs with the highest number of sequences
Total No. of ESTs
Contig annotation
gene annotation*
primary metabolism
common bean
Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activase, chloroplast precursor (RubisCO activase)
Amino acid and protein metabolism
common bean
large subunit 26S ribosomal RNA gene
Amino acid and protein metabolism
large subunit 26S ribosomal RNA gene
common bean
Chlorophyll a/b-binding protein
primary metabolism
common bean
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase A, chloroplast precursor (NADP-dependent glyceraldehydephosphate dehydrogenase subunit A)
common bean
LHCII type II chlorophyll a/b-binding protein
Amino acid and protein metabolism
common bean
Cysteine protease
common bean
Oxygen-evolving enhancer protein 1, chloroplast precursor (33 kDa subunit of oxygen evolving system of photosystem II)
Amino acid and protein metabolism
common bean
Human ribosomal DNA complete repeating unit
common bean
glycolate oxidase. (Lens culinaris)
primary metabolism
common bean
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
primary metabolism
common bean
Plastidic aldolase
common bean
Oxygen-evolving enhancer protein 1, chloroplast precursor (33 kDa subunit of oxygen evolving system of photosystem II)
Amino acid and protein metabolism
common bean
This library was constructed to reveal the plant and fungal genes up-regulated during the rust infection process. Contigs correlated with stress response pathways also have a high number of sequences such as the contig CL1contig105 with 72 sequences encoding an 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase (ACC oxidase), the contig CL10contig1 with 55 sequences encoding for a glucan endo-1,3-beta-glucosidase, and the contig CL22contig1 with 37 sequences and encoding an endochitinase.
To determine the proportion of new P. vulgaris unigenes among the library, the sequences were compared with the P. vulgaris ESTs present in the NCBI database. By this analysis, 6,202 sequences, out of the 10,221 bean ESTs, can be considered as new P. vulgaris unigenes with the remaining 4,019 sequences matching known sequences with more than 98% identity over more than 100 bp. The ESTs present in the NCBI database originate from common bean cultivars such as Bat93, Negro Jamapa 81 or G19883, facilitating the identification of putative single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) between these public sequences and the ESTs derived from this study using cultivar Early Gallatin. Of the 4,019 matching sequences, 791 sequences present a perfect match, 762 sequences have 1 mismatch or indel, 658 have 2 mismatches and/or indels, and 1,807 have more than 3 mismatches and/or indels. An average of 1 SNP/indel is putatively identified every 335 bp. However, we were not able to further confirm these SNP/indels due to the lack of the sequence trace files for the bean ESTs present in the NCBI database. This SNP frequency is very similar to that reported previously by Ramirez et al., (2005) who found 1 SNP every 387 bp. Our estimation is based on the comparison of cv Early Gallatin with 3 other cultivars (Bat93, Negro Jamapa 81, and G19883). When this comparison is made between only 2 different cultivars (Early Gallatin and G19883) the SNP frequency in the coding sequences decreases to 1 SNP every 570 bp. For comparison, the SNP frequency in the soybean coding sequence was estimated at 1 SNP/490 bp in exons and 1 SNP/375 bp in introns [18]. The genes identified by EST sequencing represent candidates involved in the plant host's ability to withstand rust infection. Therefore, genetic mapping of these gene candidates is a means to correlate their position with known QTL involved in disease resistance.
The 360 fungal sequences represent 3.4% of the library. Two studies in rice showed that the harvesting time (i.e., fungal biomass in the infected leaf is low at the earliest time points) and the stringency of selection (i.e., choice of the appropriate E-value for the blast) are very important to accurately sample the abundance of fungal EST in infected leaf tissue [19, 20]. In this study, the selected E-value was e-20, greatly reducing the risk of false positive clones. Tissue was sampled after 5 days of infection allowing the multiplication of the fungi in the leaf tissue. At 5DAI, the haustoria are already mature and are probably redirecting the nutrient up-taken from the plant based on their genes expression pattern [21].
List of the 15 most common fungal rust contigs containing the highest number of sequences
Total ESTs in contig
Contig annotation
gene annotation *
Phakopsora pachyrhizi
cDNA from germinating urediniospores SSH-library similar to beta-galactosidase
Uromyces viciae
haustorium-specific cDNA similar to mitochondrial substrate carrier
Uromyces appendiculatus
cDNA from hyphae from gernimating uredospore similar to translation elongation factor
Uromyces appendiculatus
cDNA from hyphae from gernimating uredospore similar to von Willebrand factor
Phakopsora pachyrhizi
cDNA from germinating urediniospores SSH-library similar to von Willebrand factor
Uromyces appendiculatus
cDNA from hyphae from gernimating uredospore similar to unknown
Uromyces appendiculatus
cDNA from hyphae from gernimating uredospore similar to unnknown
Uromyces appendiculatus
cDNA from hyphae from gernimating uredospore similar to unknown
Uromyces viciae
haustorium-specific cDNA similar to nucleotide excision repair protein yeast rad23
Uromyces viciae
haustorium-specific cDNA similar to 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase
Uromyces appendiculatus
cDNA from hyphae from gernimating uredospore similar to unknown
Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici
SSH-library of Puccinia graminis infected wheat leaves similar to 60s ribosomal protein L5 gene
Uromyces viciae
haustorium-specific cDNA similar to voltage-dependent ion-selective channel
Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici
SSH-library of Puccinia graminis infected wheat leaves similar to glutathione S-transferase
Uromyces appendiculatus
cDNA from hyphae from gernimating uredospore similar to cysteine-rich secretory protein (CRISP/SCP/TPX1)
The largest contig has sequence similarity to a putative beta-galactosidase (an enzyme involved in the degradation of the cell-wall) based on a match to a cDNA from germinating P. pachyrhizi uredospores.
Comparative analysis with the Phaseolus vulgarisBAC-end sequences
Recently, the University of Purdue released the first bean FingerPrinted Contigs (FPC) physical map that contains 7,567 contigs or singletons and is anchored with 240 genetic markers http://phaseolus.genomics.purdue.edu/. The Bacterial artificial chromosome-ends (BAC) of the clones were sequenced and provide a powerful tool for integrated genomic and genetic analysis. This recent release of the Phaseolus physical map http://phaseolus.genomics.purdue.edu/ allowed linkage of some of the 10,221 unisequences to the physical map by comparison to BAC-end sequences. The number of ESTs matching a BAC-end sequence was assessed using the minimal criteria of 98% sequence identity spanning 100 bp. As a result, 1,704 unisequences, more than 15% of the total library, could be linked to the physical map (see additional file 2: excel file of the 1,704 unisequences having a hit with a BAC-end sequence). Fourteen of these sequences located to physical contig 1 that is composed of 999 BACs. The genetic mapping of these ESTs might be facilitated by the presence of genetic markers anchoring BACs within the various contigs.
This physical map was made from common bean cultivar G19833. The number of putative SNP between the BAC-end sequences and the ESTs (common bean cultivar Early gallatin) was identified among the 1,704 matching ESTs. Six hundred seventy ESTs showed a perfect match with a BAC-end sequence, 414 ESTs exhibited only 1 mismatch, 258 ESTs contained 2 mismatches and 362 ESTs had 3 or more mismatches. This represents an average of 1 SNP/indel every 570 bp.
Identification of bean reference genes
Among the 10,221 unisequences, we sought to confirm the expression of 90 ESTs using qRT-PCR. To normalize gene expression based on qRT-PCR, the identification of constitutively expressed bean reference genes is required. The use of house keeping genes as reference genes for gene expression normalization can induce some error in the analysis of the data without confirmation of their constitutive expression especially when using qRT-PCR [24, 25]. Consequently, three bean genes, TC197, TC127, and TC185 (encoding a guanine nucleotide-binding protein beta subunit-like protein, ubiquitin, and tubulin beta chain respectively) were selected based on their housekeeping function and/or their presence in different bean cDNA libraries [13, 14]. Additionally, homologs of soybean genes cons6, cons7, and cons15 (encoding for a F-box protein family, a metalloprotease, and a peptidase S16 respectively), were chosen since they were recently shown to be expressed constitutively in soybean [26].
Transcriptional analysis of selected ESTs during the bean rust infection process
Ninety bean unisequences were selected (based on their putative function and tag) and their regulation was confirmed by qRT-PCR using RNA obtained from three independent biological replicates. Unisequences coming from the ESTs in the "race 49" tagged libraries were desirable due to their potential involvement in a resistance pathway. The regulation of these genes was evaluated by qRT-PCR using RNA from uninoculated leaf tissues or those inoculated with either U. appendiculatus uredospores of race 41 or race 49 isolates at the time points 0, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, or 96 HAI. The data obtained were used to compare the ratio of gene expression in tissues infected with race 41 or race 49 to that in uninoculated bean leaves. The data also allowed a direct comparison of gene expression induced by either race 41 or race 49. The first two comparisons highlight regulation in the infected plants by the rust fungi, while the third comparison highlights gene expression differences between the two types of infection, resistant and susceptible. The 90 genes showed significant expression differences in at least one of the 3 comparisons (p-value < 0.05, cut-off < -1 or > 1 or p-value < 0.1, cut-off < -0.58 or > 0.58 in log base 2).
A key finding of the van de Mortel et al. (2007) study on Glycine max – Phakopsora pachyrhizi was that most genes were regulated early during infection (the first 24 hours) and at the latest time points tested (72–120 hours). However, at the intermediate time points (24 to 72 hours), few genes were regulated; this phenomenon was called a "dip" by van de Mortel et al. (2007). This same expression profile was also observed in bean upon rust infection by both races. At 24 and 48 HAI few genes were regulated in comparison to 6–12–72 and 96 HAI. In common bean, those genes regulated at 6 HAI were very different from those expressed at 72–96 HAI (Figure 5). Therefore, the dip pattern of gene expression upon rust infection appears to occur in both bean and soybean. Furthermore, this biphasic regulation seems to be shared not only by rust fungi but by other biotrophic fungi. For example barley infected by Blumeria graminis (causal agent of the powdery mildew), also showed a biphasic gene response, the first set of genes responded in the first 24 hours of the infection in the epidermis whereas the second set responded after 72–96 hours of infection in the mesophyll cells [30]. In contrast, soybean plants infected with Phytophthora sojae, a hemibiotrophic oomycete, did not show a biphasic pattern of gene response [31]. Based on these examples, this biphasic pattern might be specific to the biotrophic rust fungi. Further comparisons need to be made to establish the specificity of this "dip" pattern of gene expression in response to biotrophic fungal infection.
These 90 representative genes mainly identified genes involved in the early responses of the bean under rust infection (i.e., first 96 HAI). These genes share different expression patterns but are likely involved in the basal defense response, which is induced by PAMPs. These genes were induced by both races at the early time points but their regulation was often maintained only in plants infected by the fungus race 49. This may be due to the inability of this avirulent pathogen to suppress the plant defense system. The same observation was made also by Lee et al. (2008) at the protein level. Lee et al. (2008) proposed a new model for plant disease resistance where R-gene mediated resistance is integrated into the basal immunity system of the plant and functions primarily to restore the innate immunity response that is actively suppressed by virulent pathogens[38]. Similar patterns of expression, independent of the pathogen virulence, were observed in Arabidopsis [39] and barley [40]. Another category of genes (i.e. cell-wall invertase or amino acid transporter-like protein 1) involved in the plant defense system are likely involved in the HR and were regulated only at the later time points in plants infected by the race 49 fungus. The expression of these genes may be the result of recognition of AvrUR-4 by the Ur-4 resistance protein and lead to the presence of HR ten days after infection with this isolates.
In summary, we identified 10,581 P. vulgaris unisequences and confirmed the regulation of 90 plant genes by rust infection in common bean. These data have added significantly to the genomic resources available for common bean, while also providing insight into how this plant responds to fungal infection. As part of this study, we identified constitutively expressed bean genes that can be used for normalization in gene expression studies. The data also suggest that a biphasic gene expression pattern may be a common feature in plants infected by biotrophic fungi.
Plant material
Bean tissues were produced at the USDA-ARS facility (Beltsville, MD). P. vulgaris cv. Early Gallatin plants were inoculated with either U. appendiculatus race 41 (virulent strain) or race 49 (avirulent strain) uredospores. The primary leaves of 10 day old plants were inoculated on the top and bottom. Spores (2 × 105spores/ml) were mixed in water and then sprayed on leaves with an aerosol canister. The plants were placed in a dew chamber in the dark at 20°C for 12 hours and then moved to a growth room (24°C, 90% relative humidity) with supplemental fluorescent lighting (12 hours light/12 hours light). Leaves were harvested 0, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 HAI in 3 independent experiments. The presence of pustules or HR lesions when inoculated with U. appendiculatus race 41 or 49 isolates was observed 10 days after inoculation. Bean leaf, stem, and pod tissues used for the identification of the putative constitutive genes were harvested on 3 month old plants grown in a greenhouse.
SSH library construction
The normalized SSH library was generated at the Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center (Urbana, IL). The library is composed of more than 20,000 ESTs and was prepared as described by Bonaldo et al. (1996) following the 4th method [41]. The cDNA from bean infected with U. appendiculatus race 41 or 49 was pooled and tagged as follows, early41/49 and late41/49 for cDNA from bean tissues infected for 6–12–15–24 or 48–72–96–120 hours, respectively, by either race 41 or race 49. The enrichment in cDNA regulated by the infection was possible by subtraction of cDNA from the 4 described pools against cDNA derived from uninoculated leaves and germinated spores. The library was subsequently sub-divided in 4 parts based on sequence tags added during library construction. 20,736 cDNAs were cloned in pGem-T (Promega) for sequencing.
Sequencing and data processing
The 20,736 cDNA clones were sequenced using an ABI 3730xl DNA sequencer (AME Bioscience) at the catfish genetic research facility (USDA-ASR, Stoneville, MS). The conversion of the electropherogram into base and quality files was performed using Phred [42]. The EST sequences were first cleaned of polyA, polyT, and low complexity sequence using SeqClean from TIGR http://compbio.dfci.harvard.edu/tgi/software/. Contig assembly was done using the TIGR Gene Indices Clustering Tools (TGICL) http://compbio.dfci.harvard.edu/tgi/software/ after removing vector and tag sequences. It uses a slightly modified version of NCBI's megablast, and the resulting clusters are then assembled using the CAP3 assembly program (Huang and Madan. 1999). Annotations for the sequences were obtained by Blast against the TIGR plant and fungal sequence databases and Uniprot database. The ESTs were submitted to NCBI Genbank dbEST under the accession numbers FE674093 to FE712011.
RNA extraction
RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis from leaf tissues of common bean cv Early Gallatin infected with either U. appendiculatus race 41 (virulent strain) or race 49 (avirulent strain) and from soybean tissues infected by P. pachyrhizi, were performed as described by Libault et al., 2008. Briefly, RNAs were extracted from ground frozen tissues using TRIzol@reagent (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, Calif.) and purified by two phenol/chloroform extractions. The RNAs were treated with TURBO DNA-free enzyme (Ambion) to remove all DNA contaminants. cDNA synthesis was prepared from 5 μg of RNA using the MMLV reverse transcriptase (Promega, Madison, WI).
Quantitative PCR Primer Design
The qRT-PCR primers were designed with primer3 software http://frodo.wi.mit.edu/primer3/input.htm using the following criteria, Tm of 60°C, PCR amplicon length from 80 to 125 bp, primer sequence length from 19 to 23 nucleotides with guanine-cytosine contents from 40% to 60% (see additional file 4: excel file of the qRT-PCR primers).
qRT-PCR reaction conditions and data analysis
The qRT-PCR on bean leaf tissues were performed in a 384-well plate format (7900 HT Sequence detection System; Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA). The qRT-PCR of soybean leaf, pod, and stem tissues was performed with a 96-well plate qRT-PCR machine (7500 Real-Time PCR System; Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA). Data analysis was performed as described by Libault et al. (2008) with modifications [43]. The data collection was performed during 40 cycles for bean but 45 cycles for soybean with an Rn threshold set at 0.2 for Ct value determination. The ratios of the expression level were transformed into a Log 2 base for clustering in Gene traffic software using a hierarchical clustering algorithm. A t-test was used to assess the statistical differences of the mean of the ratio for each sample at each time point.
The identification of a reference gene for qRT-PCR normalization was made using geNorm software [27]. This software calculates the mean pairwise variation (based on geometrical mean) for each gene and compares these values among these genes. A high mean pairwise variation is found for gene with low expression stability.
We are grateful to Marc Libault, William Franck, and James English for their critical reading of this manuscript. This research was supported by DOE grant DE-PS023-07ER07-02.
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This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.


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Coyote News from Ivey Ranch Elementary School on Vimeo.
At Ivey Ranch, we work hard to ensure the safety and security of our campus and our students, families, and staff. In order to maintain safety during our arrival and dismissal, please note the following procedures:
*When turning left into the front parking lot on Via Rancho Road from the center lane (blue), you must wait until you are the first car in line before turning into the parking lot. Cars MAY NOT go around the line and enter the school from the right lane or enter the oncoming traffic lane to go around cars that are waiting to turn left. The Oceanside Police Department has asked us for your partnership in following this safety rule.
*There are two lanes that exist once cars enter our front parking lot.
The right lane (green) is a drop-off/pick-up lane ONLY, and there is absolutely no parking. If you enter this lane, plan to move forward with traffic, and allow your child to enter/exit your vehicle without the driver getting out. The adults in the front of the school will be happy to help with guiding your child to the car, helping with their backpacks, and opening/closing car doors if needed.
The left lane (orange) is for entry to the parking lot ONLY, and cars may not use this lane to go around other cars into the drop-off/pick-up lane. In addition, students will not be allowed to enter or exit vehicles from this lane as it is not safe for them to go in between cars during this busy time. Please park only in the visitor spaces that face the school.
The area in front of the kindergarten building (red) is for bus loading ONLY, and cars may not park or pick-up/drop-off in this area.
*For afternoon dismissal, kindergarten students and their siblings should be the only students picked up by car in the front of the school. 1st - 5th grade students getting picked up by car should be met at the back gate, with students getting into cars along Mesa Drive, or with parents parking at MLK Park.
* When arriving for pick up at the back gate, parents must be parked legally (not double-parked or in the red fire lane) in order for teachers to dismiss them to your car. We recommend parking at MLK Park and walking up to the back gate.
As always, we appreciate your partnership in making our school a safe place for students, staff, and families. Please take a few extra minutes, slow down, and be considerate of others as you come to campus, and our arrival and dismissal from school can be a pleasant and safe experience for everyone. Thank you.
Nut allergies, especially peanut allergies, are very common. Students with these allergies cannot ingest or touch nuts. This includes peanut by-products like peanut oil. When these students ingest or come into contact with these products, they can experience minor rashes, severe breathing problems that resemble asthma attacks, or anaphylactic shock which requires immediate medication administered through an EPI Pen and a call to 911. In an effort to keep all of our students safe, we have the following procedures and reminders:
- Students should pay attention to Nut Free tables and not eat at these tables if their snack contains nuts. If a child is unsure about their lunch or snack, teachers and staff will be available to help them.
- Children will be asked to wash their hands when returning to class.
- Children should not eat snacks with peanuts or other nuts in classrooms. Teachers and staff will be available to help.
- Because of allergy concerns and to comply with federal regulations, any classroom celebration that includes food must meet the district guidelines regarding healthy snacks. This information can be found on the district website under Nutrition Services or by clicking here. All celebrations must be planned in advance with your child's teacher.
- Remember, sometimes the best gift you can give to a classroom is school supplies, stickers, a hands-on activity (craft, project, art, or a game) or a book for our library.
If you have any questions regarding procedures or snacks, please feel free to speak with your child's teacher, the Health Office, or Mr. Swank.
Thank you for your help in keeping all of our students safe and healthy!
Welcome to Ivey Ranch Elementary School
Office Hours: 7:50am-3:20pm
Mr. Dieter Swank, Principal
Mrs. Lorrah Hogue, Asst. Principal
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Mrs. Linda Jones, Administrative Secretary
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Health Office: (760) 966-4821
Attendance Reporting:
Call the office number and press "1" to report an absence, or use the link firstname.lastname@example.com
Para preguntas o mayor informacion en espanol contacte a Sra. Carolina Velasquez email
We believe our school is a community of students, staff, and families working together to ensure ALL students reach their full potential. We expect our students to question, communicate, creatively solve problems, think critically, and work collaboratively with others. Students are guided to be responsible people of character who strive to make the world a better place.
Ivey Ranch is a uniform school, meaning all children are expected to be in uniform consisting of navy blue or white shirt, and khaki/tan or navy blue bottoms. Friday, classroom Spirit wear competitions allows for spirit shirts with jeans.
Please call the office at 760-966-4800 if you are have any questions regarding our uniform policy.
The Assistance League North Coast can assist in providing uniforms to those who cannot afford them. Click the links to print an application in English or in Spanish.
We also have a Uniform Exchange! Donate your gently used uniforms in the box inside our school's office. If you need uniforms for this year, give our office a call at 760-966-4800.

subset: commoncrawl


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A small business owner and T-shirt maker who had his products forced off of internet marketplaces by the National Security Agency has WON his fight against the agency.
Dan McCall is the owner of Liberty Maniacs which is a T-shirt company based out of Minnesota. We were the very first to tell you about McCall and his fight with the NSA last August when we featured him during one of our Truth in Media episodes.
You can watch the episode here to get you up to speed.
Trending: Obama & Hillary Both Got Caught Committing Federal Offenses That Should Land Them In Jail
This week a major victory for McCall and all those who believe in rule of law.
The NSA has backed off its claim that McCall's T-shirt "The NSA" had infringed on their intellectual property rights. As Ben showed you, the NSA's claim violated the law because what McCall had done with his shirt was protected speech under the guidelines of being a "parody." Shortly after the NSA began getting McCall's shirts pulled from online marketplaces like Zazzle.com, DHS or the Department of Homeland Security began doing the same thing, claiming that T-shirts that mocked their agency were also infringing on intellectual property.
In the video below, Ben Swann talks with Dan McCall via Skype.
"When we finally filed, I was like, 'Wow, this is real now, you know?" says McCall. "I'm actually suing the DHS and the NSA and they only have an army of lawyers and everything else."
McCall's lawsuit appears to have been well worth it. McCall's lawyer recently contacted him saying that both agencies wanted to settle. This is a huge victory for those who believe in Liberty and are taking a stand against federal agencies that are bullying the public. McCall says to be able to force the NSA and DHS to contact online marketplaces and admit that they were wrong to try to force his products off the marketplaces and that McCall does in fact have every right to create his parody shirts.
During the interview with McCall, Swann says "There has never been a time as far as I can tell, any question that you were in the right. There was no question that they were in the wrong. What is important here is, that doesn't matter anymore in our current system of government. It doesn't matter if they are right or wrong, it matters if they are able to muscle you into submission and in your case they weren't able to. I think that's a victory for a whole lot of people."
McCall: "I think that's right. Would any of this have happened if (the story) had not come out and the light had not been shined on this issue? Of course not. It would have been swept under the rug, they would have strong armed. Obviously they felt content to do so until enough stories came out and enough people were mad and we filed the suit and then they said, 'Ok', and they backed down."Don't forget to Like Freedom Outpost on Facebook, Google Plus, & Twitter. You can also get Freedom Outpost delivered to your Amazon Kindle device here.


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Brahmi, which is popular among Ayurvedic practitioners as a brain tonic is useful to boost the memory power and to increase the concentration. It rejuvenates the brain and keep the nerves active to provide healthy supply of blood into the brain. Brahmi supplements are unique combination that nourishes the brain to maintain the healthy coordination of the body.
Brahmi brain tonic is helpful for the development of brain in following ways:
- Supports the mental health of the body
- Useful in managing and controlling the disorder of nervous system.
- Effective in increasing the synthesis of protein to improve the activities of brain cell
- Boosts the concentration capacity, learning skills and memory power of a person
- Improves the brain consciousness, intellect and mental acuity
- Helps to rejuvenate the brain
- Manages the stress and other ailments related to it.
- Useful in reducing the senility, anxiety and depression
Brahmi is a natural herbal supplement and tonics for the brain which is free from any side effects and it is very efficient also. It shows quick action and helps to improve the mental clarity and longevity. Brahmi is a useful tonic in various disorders related to stress such as restlessness and insomnia.
How to Use:
It is recommended to take two tablespoon of Brahmi everyday to give the nourishment to your brain. You can change the dosage after consulting a health expert and take guidance on any precautions if you need to take. However, Brahmi is a general brain tonic so there is no issue regarding the precautions but in any individual case there may be some complication. So, you are advised to consult to you regular health practitioner to know about any such complication. But there are no side effects of Brahmi as brain supplement.
For all those people who are desperately waiting for an effective remedy to deal with the disorders related to stress and brain, Brahmi is the absolutely perfect answer. It helps to boost memory power with the help of special components present in it. These components also help to increase the concentration power of a person.


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Are you expecting a baby? Congratulations! See a list of all the pregnancy freebies you can get … If I have missed any then please let me know and I can add them to the list. Simply click the name of the retailer to get taken straight to their site. Bounty – Free packs of […]Read more
Top extreme couponing tips that will save you loads
Top extreme couponing tips that will save you loads Smart people know that the way to shave tons off grocery and other bills is by using the mountains of coupons retailers are literally throwing at us and practically begging us to use. With online grocery shopping rising among the big players, electronic coupons are now […]Read more
Days Out Offers and Codes
I will be filling this post with as many days out offers and codes I can find. If you find any that isn't listed here then please get in-touch and I will add it to the list and credit you 🙂 Theme parks Alton Towers – Save up to 25% when booking online at least […]Read more
Yours Clothing Discount Code
Yours Clothing discount code This is my favourite clothing store so I'm excited about this 🙂 Do you ever have a problem getting fashionable clothes in larger sizes at an affordable price? I have struggled for years. There was one retailer that I used to go to before I heard of Yours Clothing, and whilst […]Read more
Offer Stacking At Boots
We love a bit offer stacking It's even better when it is on beauty products! This offer stacking at Boots is perfect if you need to buy some foundation soon. Max Factor Face Finity All Day Flawless 3 in 1 Foundation would usually cost £12.99, however, Boots have it on special offer for only £9.99 […]Read more
Matalan Voucher Codes
Matalan are celebrating their 30th Birthday! They want you to join in the celebrations so have released some voucher codes… I love Matalan clothing. It's great quality and the prices are pretty good! They have good sales too so make sure you check back when they have a sale on as you can always pick […]Read more


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James Anderson comments on Seam Covering
James Anderson has disclosed that when a bowler covers the red cherry with his hands trying not to let the batter see the ball while he was running in, it doesn't necessarily mean that it is reversing.
At times, it is faked as well with the purpose of fooling the batter and make him believe that reverse swing has come to the picture.
Anderson says the guy who does that drama expertly is Stuart Broad as he often pretends to be keeping the ball away from batsman's sight when there's no need of that. In Anderson's opinion, that's not a bad way to deceive your opposition when there is not too much on offer from the conditions.
In the past decades, the bowlers were not bothered about covering the ball at all while executing reverse, but, after the ploy of the batting pairs to help each other recognize the direction of the swing of the ball in which the batter who was at the bowling end would give a hint to his colleague about that, the modern bowlers came up with this plan of keeping the whole of the ball inside the hand so that nobody could have an eye on it before it was let out of the hands, not even the non-striking batter.
Read more »


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In the 1960's, Robert Kearns, the inventor of the intermittent windshield wiper, battled the auto industry over licensing agreements and accusing them of stealing his invention. Later, his story was made into the movie, "Flash of Genius," starring Greg Kinnear, as described in Today Movies.
Earlier this week, Twitter announced they would commit to their employees, and release the Innovators Patent Agreement (IPA) – a new way to do patent assignment that would keep control in the hands of its engineers and designers. This is a revolutionary approach by Twitter since typically engineers and designers are required to sign an agreement with their company that gives that company any patents filed related to the employee's work. The Atlantic reports that part of Twitters pledge from Twitter's IPA reads as follows: "[Twitter] will not use the patents from employees' inventions in offensive litigation without their permission. What's more, this control flows with the patents, so if we sold them to others, they could only use them as the inventor intended."
There's no surprise tech and intellectual property writers and thinkers are jumping for joy, and rightfully so, with many feeling it's been a long time coming. Twitter also intends to reach out to other companies to discuss the IPA with the hopes that it will catch on and eventually become the norm. (I wonder if they will Tweet the other tech companies?)
If Robert Kearns had Twitter's IPA to rely on, it would have saved him 20 years of legal headaches. He would have received full and immediate patent rights for the design and invention of a device that has been used in virtually every car from 1969 to present. Eventually he did win significant court settlements ($10 million from Ford and $30 million from Chrysler).
Who knows how differently Robert Kearns's life would have turned out with all of the sudden wealth, and who knows how this new approach to software patent control would affect our developers and engineers in the future. The difference now is they can control the destinies of their own ideas … and all the perks that come along with them.


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Do you enjoying helping people and making a significant difference in their lives? Do you look forward to a career that has the potential for professional development and advancement?
The Mental Health and Human Services Program offers the Associate (A.S) and Bachelor's (B.S) degrees to students seeking a career in a variety of social service settings. The program is designed for students to tailor a curriculum to match their career goals, whether that is working with young children, adolescents, adults or the elderly. With the bachelor's degree, students may opt for a Generalist degree or focus in one of three concentrations: Adult Mental Health Rehabilitation; Addiction Counseling; or Child and Family Services. Graduates typically become employed as case managers, child care specialists, substance abuse workers, behavioral health professionals, child protective workers, residential workers and a wide array of related positions. Students may attend full or part-time and take classes on a campus or center or online from anywhere in the world. A Capstone Internship culminates the bachelor's degree, giving students the opportunity to gain valuable, experience to enhance classroom learning through supervised practice.
The B.S. degree meets the academic requirement for the Licensed Social Worker-Conditional (LSX) credential and students completing the Adult Mental Health Rehabilitation concentration qualify for the Mental Health Rehabilitation/Community (MHRT/C) credential. A number of graduates continue on to graduate school, most commonly in counseling and social work.
Recent graduates have become employed in the follow positions:
Residential Substance Abuse Counselor, Discharge Planner, Employment Specialist, Social Worker, Long-term Care Social Worker, Mental Health Specialist, Substance Abuse Counselor, Homeless Shelter Coordinator, Case Manager, Teacher's Aide, Behavioral Health Professional, Care Coordinator, Case Aid, Child Care Worker, Child Protective Services Worker, and Case Aide.


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Birds in the News #20
Photographer: Gene Oleynik, FermiLab
Birds in Science:
It was widely reported in the news that the space shuttle collided with a bird during its recent launch. These stories discuss how the astronauts are scanning the shuttle's heat shield for potential damage using a new extension of the craft's robot arm.
Researchers report that club-winged manakins, Machaeropterus deliciosus, rub specialized feathers behind their backs to impress mates with a violin-like sound, researchers report. The manakins vibrate their wings at more than 100 cycles per second, twice the speed of hummingbirds. "Essentially an instrument has evolved in this species, in this case a refined instrument," said Cornell University's Kimberly Bostwick, the lead author. The findings are published in today's issue of the top-tier research journal Science.
These days, it seems, even the moral values of birds are subject to scrutiny. To investigate the spousal fidelity of eastern imperial eagles, Aquila heliaca heliaca, large raptors that are native to central Asia, a team of surreptitious scientists collected feathers the birds had shed near their nests in northern Kazakhstan. Extracting and analyzing DNA from the feathers confirmed that not a single eagle had strayed from its mate during the course of the six-year study - a degree of monogamy unusual among birds. In more than 75 percent of avian species looked at so far, researchers have discovered broods that have two or more fathers.
A rare bird-of-prey species, on the verge of becoming the focus of a last-ditch captive breeding program, doesn't exist, say researchers who studying the genes of the Cape Verde kite, Milvus fasciicauda. By comparing the mitochondrial DNA of five living Cape Verde kites with those of century-old museum specimens and related kites in Africa, Eurasia and Australia, researchers at the University of Michigan and the Peregrine Fund have discovered that the nearly extinct Cape Verde kite is really a couple of other common kites, depending on when you look. The results of the study by Mindell, and the Peregrine Fund's Jeff Johnson and Richard Watson, appear in the peer-reviewed scientific journal Proceedings of the Royal Society B.
Last week, nearly 2,000 of the world's leading environmental scientists of various disciplines met in Brasilia to present papers at the 19th Annual Meeting of the Society for Conservation Biology. The conference featured more than 750 oral presentations and 965 scientific abstracts. Listed on this link are a sampling of some of the bird conservation-related papers submitted for the conference. All descriptions are excepts from the official "Book of Abstracts" from the meeting.
People Hurting Birds:
Authorities are trying to figure out who took four endangered piping plovers, Charadrius melodus, from the sands of Duxbury Beach earlier this month. The alleged theft occurred on July 10 in this town 33 miles south of Boston. On that Sunday afternoon, shocked beachgoers reported seeing a woman and a teenager picking up piping plovers from a fenced-off area of the beach. Throughout the 19th century, piping plovers were hunted for their feathers, which were used to decorate hats. The species was nearly wiped out until federal protection laws were passed in 1918. Since then, piping plovers have slowly recovered. More recent news about piping plovers.
People Helping Birds:
The Humber Estuary has become one of the most successful breeding grounds for a rare British bird. More than 100 pairs of pied avocets, Recurvirostra avosetta (pictured), have nested on Reads Island this year, raising at least 120 chicks.
Well, who would have thought it, but there are bald eagles, Haliaeetus leucocephalus, nesting within a couple blocks of where I myself nest in Manhattan! Apparently, four fledgling raptors are calling a platform above the Inwood Hill Park their home, as part of a city Parks Department project to reintroduce this iconic bird to New York. The article has a link to a live feed of the birds.
Following a 98% crash in numbers due to predation by feral housecats, the seabird population on Ascension Island is beginning to recover its numbers, mostly confined to those birds nesting on offshore stacks and inaccessible cliffs. After finally removing the last of the feral housecats from the islands in early 2004, the Ascension Seabird Restoration Project has released a special stamp commemorating the return of some of the endemic seabird species.
Two osprey chicks, Pandion haliaetus, were getting ready to fly for the first time at Glaslyn, in Northern Wales, UK. Experts ringed the fledglings at the same time when they weighed and measured them, determined to keep track of them.
Ivory-billed Woodpecker News:
This is an interesting story about a woman who saw the ivory-billed woodpecker, Campephilus principalis, in the Cache NWR in Arkansas in April 2005 (just before the public announcement). Incidentally, she was not part of the Cornell Team nor was her sighting mentioned in either the Science article or Gallagher's book.
Southeastern wildlife officials plan to gather next month to decide how far to expand their search for the recently rediscovered ivory-billed woodpecker - and the path could lead to Georgia. The bird once lived across the Southeast, including the Altamaha and Savannah rivers and the Okefenokee Swamp. "It would be a long shot, but if we were going to find it, it would be in places like that," said Terry Johnson, manager of the nongame endangered wildlife program for the state Department of Natural Resources.
Birds in the Media:
The loquacious chat starts this week out on BirdNote, followed by peregrines, Falco peregrinus and shorebirds; the red crossbill, Loxia curvirostra; birds that are named for their call or song; and the gray jay, Perisoreus canadensis. Check out the schedule and see photographs of the birds here. Also available as an RSS/PodCast Feed.
I have linked to this website before, but I am doing it again in case you missed it the first time. This website has collected a gazillion nesting bird cam links from around the planet for your viewing pleasure. They are categorized by species.
Bird Mysteries:
The mysterious deaths of at least 300 egrets in a Guangzhou forest park sparked fears that the bird flu was to blame, the South China Morning Post reported Monday. Residents in the area, who said they had discovered the birds in the past few days, estimated the death toll had reached 300. Some villagers blamed the heat, but others feared it was linked to the bird-flu virus and urged the government to investigate.
The recent sighting of a rare hummingbird has bird biologists in Texas almost giddy. A white-eared hummingbird, Hylocharis leucotis, spotted in Lubbock earlier this month was the first to be seen in the South Plains and Panhandle regions, according to the Llano Estacado Audubon Society. Eight other individuals have been seen in West Texas this year. Between 1972 and the end of last year, only 14 had been sighted in Texas. GrrlScientist wonders: Is this a range expansion for this species? If so, is this a precursor to range expansions by other tropical birds?
Birds Telling Off People:
I couldn't resist sharing this short but amusing story with you. In Britain, Barney the five-year-old blue-and-yellow macaw, Ara ararauna, can now be seen only on special request, like the British Library's collection of erotic books, in case he turns on potential donors or gives a dreadful example to visiting children. He was placed in solitary confinement after swearing repeatedly at distinguished visitors including a mayor, a vicar and two police officers.
Worthy of Another Mention:
I link to DigiMorph every so often because it is so excellent and I want to be sure that people are aware of its existence.
Thanks to my bird pals Ellen, Laura, Karl, Ron, and Fred for some of these links that you are enjoying.
Previous : : Birds in the News : : Next
Academic Job Offer: 1 -- Adjunct Assistant Professor at a local university this autumn, teaching Evolution.
Non-academic Job Interview: 1 -- I got the job in a bookstore -- for $7.50 per hour. Now I can work full-time AND be homeless.
New Development: This morning, the acting department chair sent me email, asking if I wish to be appointed as a full-time Adjunct Assistant Professor at my little school on the hill. I don't know all the details because the department chair is presently on vacation and she is the one who can tell me more, but they say that my current teaching load will remain unchanged (I teach a lot, apparently). They say that I will be assigned a modest amount of non-teaching tasks, and -- best of all -- my wages will increase by approximately 40%! I need to find out how this will affect my research time and will I get benefits? etc. I am also going to purchase that laptop that I have had my eye on!
© 2004, 2005, 2006 by GrrlScientist


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The 2014 IKEA catalog gives you the ability to place virtual furniture in your own home with the help of augmented reality. See how it looks before you buy!
Place IKEA Furniture in Your Home with Augmented RealityAugust 20, 2013 Written by P1 Blogger
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2010 General election wrap-up
Mercer County Commission incumbent Frank Bitterman, Golden Valley, thought someone was pulling his leg when he first heard he had received over 2,000 votes in the 2010 General election.
His re-election, however--and the election of many other county, district and statewide delegates--was confirmed not long before the sun rose Wednesday morning.
There were 3,676 total votes cast in Mercer County in a mid-term election that saw 240,844, or 48 percent, of registered voters statewide turn out to the polls. Of those 3,767 total votes cast in Mercer County, roughly 85 percent were cast via mail. Twenty-five of 53 counties, including Mercer County, used the Vote By Mail process in the election, according to the North Dakota Secretary of State's Elections Division.


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I was sitting on a train, minding my own business, when a young kid (age about 14/15) got on and sat on the luggage rack beside me.
He was quiet for a while but I knew he was looking at me, up and down, and I became a bit uncomfortable. He then started talking to me, I ignored him, and the words which came out of his mouth were foul. He said things like, "I wonder how soft your p* is" and things which were very very very sexually explicit. I was actually mortified and almost shaking.
There were people on the train, seats in front of me, two women, seat a few up, young healthy business-like men, and I am 100% sure they all heard him. No-one did anything. Not a single person stood up and told him to F Off.. so I endured what seemed like hours (but were in fact a few minutes) of total verbal abuse. I had it in my head that if he tried to touch me I'd stick my pen through his eyeball. But that wasn't his game.
Eventually we pulled into a station and a guard – who had been sitting 8 seats away – stood up and put 'the lad' off the train, all nicey nicey, gently gently. I had no idea he was even there. It was a 'come on now laddie.. off you go'… touchy feely thing and the boy just grinned..
The 'guard' never once spoke to me, never intervened, before, during or after – zilch. When I got off the train I was still shaking. I actually – at 9 am in the morning – walked into a shop and bought a bottle of wine and plastic cups, went into the toilets at work and poured myself a large glass.
I think you're just not expecting to be assaulted so publically and for no-one to do anything about it. As this site says – I am someones sister, mother, aunty & girlfriend and if communities can't or won't do anything to protect their own, who will?
p.s. I was on my way to help with a charity which helps vulnerable adults in the community – sick isn't it??
Location: Stirling Train, Scotland, United Kingdom
Share your street harassment story today and help raise awareness about the problem. Find suggestions for what YOU can do about this human rights issue.


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Time for Change?
S P Oldham
There seems to be signs just about everywhere I look that it is time for change, and I am not just talking about the new beginning of Spring.
The above may seem a bit cryptic - ok it is a bit cryptic - but I will tell more when I am able.
In the meantime, I will just keeping doing what I do...


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I made my first taco shells just over a week ago. But that was mostly my dad's work, I just decided to try making one. And besides, I have far previous food adventures to talk about right now. Go ahead, call me a procrastinator.
Risk taking, in cooking, doesn't only involve the throwing together of ingredients for an unknown result. It also concerns the amount of work one takes on in the process. Never mind how well this applies to the semester I'm starting right now (thank God I'm not a procrastinator), but when I got home for winter break, I was so excited to start baking. So when my mom asked if I wanted to do any baking, I told her I would…
|You know, except bake instead of clean. But I cleaned too.
Credit to Hyperbole and a Half, if you didn't know already
Apparently she believed me. She helped enough, which was nice, but if you've ever tackled more than… two baking projects at the same time, all with different oven temperatures for baking at, I'm sure you understand how much coordination it takes. And time. It takes a lot of time. Especially if you haven't made 3 of the 4 recipes before and don't know what you're doing.
For me it took almost a whole day. From like… 2 in the afternoon until 10 that night, I think. I started with bagels, delicious, chewy, New York style bagels that… well, I might just have to go make some tomorrow because I'm making myself drool. (I'll be more than willing to make some for you if you're interested. Yes, you.) First time making the recipe, and it's a relatively simple and not very time-consuming recipe until you consider that they had the highest baking temperature and were the first thing I started to make. I thought rise time would account for that difference, but… you know. Nope.
Then the cookies started to happen. First came shortbread. A rolled and cut cookie, this one is a bit of a hassle, but it's the only cookie that really screams "CHRISTMAS" at me (my family hasn't made gingerbread since I was in 5th grade). Since it's rolled, the dough needs to end up in a ball of some sort. Since it's winter and our house was cold, this was surprisingly difficult. Still delicious though. My favorite? Shortbread with a cinnamon "sprinkle" in it. Recipe comes from Meta Givens Cooking Encyclopedia, I think. But, you know, standard shortbread, pretty much.
Hm. You'd think that Blogger would let you rotate pictures in the blog editor. Whoops. I guess I have to go re-upload this one.
Anyways, these cookies were the adventure my mom was excited for. One of her coworkers brought in almond spritz cookies, a recipe she got from her mother… and passed on to my mom. We made them wrong, adding baking soda as per an online recipe because we couldn't figure out what would make them rise. As it turns out, they aren't supposed to rise. Still delicious. Also, tons of fun to make. You put all the dough into a spritzer and pull the handle and a cookie pops out in all sorts of fun shapes. I could eat some now, but no spritzer.
These are seriously addicting. First batch of cookies to disappear, I think. Naturally, the bagels were gone first, but there were only 8 of those.
By that point, I was tired of making cookies. Ready to call it quits. You know, I was like…
|Except, again, bake.
Everything that we'd started was done, but there was one more cookie I'd planned on making – the only chocolate chip cookies I've ever truly loved, recipe thanks to my significant other's mother. My mom finally convinced me that I'd been going for so long that I may as well make the last batch, and I'm glad she did. These cookies are so good, and I swear they last forever. I ate the last ones after a day of skiing three weeks or so after doing all the baking, and they were still good (though a bit stale, the cold helped disguise that).
So that's my crazy day of baking. Remind me never to do that again… or at least, to pick recipes that all bake at the same temperature next time. Seriously, too much work. Though delivering a plate of fresh baked chocolate chip and other cookies to a handful of hungry guys (and having delicious cookies for weeks after the fact) was definitely worth the effort.
Stay tuned for some salmon and crab bisque fiascoes. Happy baking!


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I am suddenly seeing a pattern where I didn't before.
Food, Alcoholic Beverage, Healthcare, Energy, Environment, Education, Corrections; All of these topics have debates going on right now. Individuals and groups are arguing about these subjects. I didn't say discussing, I said arguing, because that is the level of the discourse.
- Food: Organic vs "Conventional" (who decided that the term "conventional" gets to refer to the way things have been done in the last 50 years, and the term "non-conventional" get to refer to the other 99,950 years?)
- More Food: Family farmers vs. agribusiness. No one is arguing that modern agriculture practices have not allowed us to produce food more efficiently. A farmer with a diesel tractor can manage over 300 times the acreage as one without. Efficiencies come with costs, and all of those costs need to be considered. But when we compare, lets honestly look at ALL the costs. Like the cost imposed by the risk of large, monolithic factory farms shutting down because of contamination, or reallocation of priorities from grain for food to grain for biofuel. Do we want our primary suppliers of food to "Run the Numbers" every quarter to decide if they want to stay in the food business or not?
- Healthcare: Why is the primary goal of our health care industry oversight to keep our healthcare investors portfolios healthy instead of the citizens? If my primary care physician told me that the reason he got into medicine was because that is where the highest profit was, I might look for a different doctor
- Energy – Look around. Do the math. We use more power today than we did last year. Do you honestly believe that is not the trend? Most energy comes from a black goop that we pump out of the ground. Do you think that that will be available forever? Where do you see the most time and energy spending going: maintaining what we currently do or coming up with a better solution? Am I the only one that sees a problem here?
- Education – This one really confuses me. My parents helped me with college at first. And there were student loans, and the rest was made up with me working though college. But it was doable and not unrealistic. What happened to that? The cost of an education has been rising well above the cost of living index. The price for a college education has skyrocketed. Textbooks, tuitions, student housing and fees all all shooting up faster than the world around them. Where is it going? Is someone getting rich off of our desires to educate our kids? That's OK why?
- Beverage laws – Yea, this one doesn't really fit in with the rest, but it's my blog, and I will try to tie it in at the end. Work with me here. We have some real screwed up beverage laws. One state can ship to people in some states, but not others. Some states can sell in stores on some days, but not other days. Some delivery companies can transport it, others can't. Some states won't let you taste wines in a store if "children can observe" you tasting.
- Corrections – By this I mean our criminal justice system. Neither of the terms are very good descriptions of the system. Calling it "Corrections" would imply that something or someone is "Corrected" by the system. "Criminal Justice" would imply that the system is just and fair in the application of punishment to criminals. I don't think an honest evaluation of the system would lead anyone to that conclusion. Our correction system is a for profit business, run by contracted 3d parties, to house people that have been sent there by our courts for breaking laws defined by our legislature. These companies make money by having people in prison and use a lot of that money to encourage lawmakers to make laws that put people into prison and not to keep them out.
What do these systems have in common? There is a lot of money that flows to groups in the system. The money goes from the groups that control it, to the groups that set up the rules on how it is controlled. These are all systems that we would like to believe have a primary goal of being for the citizens, but the incentives are to increase profits. There is an incentive for increased efficiency. But the efficiency is not meant to let them do more for less, it is to do less for higher profit.
Again, I ask: Why is that OK?


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It might be a snow day for most of you, but I can't let a few little flecks of frozen water slow me down. I'm posting this quick video of all the work I've done already today.
I even had time to party a bit!
tagged: YouTube, Tuesday, dance, music, video, chimp, humor


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So the podcast has been out for about twelve weeks now, and I've gotten a couple of scattered comments and responses on two different subjects that I think, in the end, come to the same thing.
And I think they're valid and I think they're important.
So I'm going to talk about them.
The first suggestion is that I ought to make an effort, in the podcast, to avoid offending listeners who might come from somewhere further to the right on the political spectrum. And the second is that I ought to be getting more into why all this happened, why the government of the United States was somehow invested in these terrible goings-on in Guatemala. It'll take a while for my responses to come back around and meet each other, but bear with me.
In response to the first thing, I guess I'd ask a question. Is it that the show is partisan? Or could it be that listeners are coming to the show with a pre-existing and implicitly partisan complaint?
Because the only way that the show could immediately turn you off is if you were under the impression that the US could do literally no wrong.
I could try to emphasize at the beginning of every episode that Democratic presidents were just as culpable as Republican ones or vice-versa, but that would put the show in the "fairness" business, and it's not in the fairness business. It's in the history business.


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According to the new market research report "Level Sensor Market by Technology (Contact ( Magnetostrictive, Vibratory Probe), and Noncontact (Ultrasonic, Optical)), Monitoring Type (Continuous Level Monitoring, and Point Level Monitoring), End-Use Application, and Geography - Global Forecast to 2023", the market is expected to grow from USD 3.58 Billion in 2016 to reach USD 5.32 Billion by 2023, at a CAGR of 5.66% between 2017 and 2023.
Browse 76 market data tables and 60 figures spread through 191 pages and in-depth TOC on "Level Sensor Market - Global Forecast to 2023"
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The market has a huge potential of growth in various end-use applications such as oil and gas, industrial manufacturing, and consumer goods. The growth in the level sensor market would be driven by the increasing advancement of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), the growing adoption of level sensors in the healthcare end-use application, and the supportive government regulations. Moreover, the rise in vehicle production and the development of smaller, smarter, and cheaper sensors would drive the growth of the level sensor market.
The market for noncontact level sensors is expected to grow at highest rate during forecast period
The market for noncontact level sensors, by technology, held the largest share in 2016. The major market for these is covered by the ultrasonic level sensor and radar-based level sensors. Noncontact level sensors, especially ultrasonic and radar are extremely suitable for hazardous environments. Ultrasonic level sensors offer flexible installation options and require minimal maintenance. Ultrasonic level sensors are ideal for use in applications such as wet wells, rainwater basins, and wastewater chemicals (without vapor). The use of automation technology in various industries is further driving the growth of the studied market.
Industrial manufacturing end-use application to witness highest growth rate between 2017 and 2023
The industrial manufacturing end-use application is witnessing a rise in the adoption of automated machinery and processes. These automated machinery essentially require level sensors for control and safety applications. Moreover, major end-use applications of level sensors such as manufacturing and process, semiconductor manufacturing, automotive manufacturing, and aerospace and defense manufacturing are a vital part of industrial manufacturing. Moreover, level sensors play an important role in many automobiles applications such as light motor vehicles (LMVs); tank containers; aviation and air transport applications for fuel level indicators in airplanes and jets; as well as rail transport applications. Several environmental or safety-related mandates by the government are the major driving factors for the studied market in the industrial manufacturing end-use application
APAC holds the largest share and is expected to grow at highest rate between 2017 and 2023
APAC is a major market for various end-use application such as automotive, process industries, healthcare, petrochemicals and related process, chemicals, power generation, and consumer goods. India and China are considered a huge market for level sensors owing to their growing economy. As the demand for level sensors are increasing in the healthcare end-use application, major issues in APAC, such as aging population and increase in the number of lifestyle-related diseases, act as a driver for the growth of the level sensor market. China, Japan, and India offer a good opportunity for the use of level sensors in the healthcare end-use application.
The companies that are profiled in the report are ABB Ltd. (Switzerland), Emerson Electric Co. (US), Endress+Hauser AG (Switzerland), Vega Grieshaber KG (Germany), Siemens AG (Germany), AMETEK, Inc. (US), Honeywell International Inc. (US), First Sensor AG (Germany), Fortive Corporation (US), KROHNE Messtechnik GmbH (Germany), Pepperl+Fuchs GmbH (Germany), Nohken, Inc. (Japan), Texas Instruments Incorporated (US), and TE Connectivity Ltd. (Switzerland).
About MarketsandMarkets
MarketsandMarkets provides quantified B2B research on 30,000 high growth niche opportunities/threats which will impact 70% to 80% of worldwide companies revenues. Currently servicing 5000 customers worldwide including 80% of global Fortune 1000 companies as clients. Almost 75,000 top officers across eight industries worldwide approach MarketsandMarkets for their painpoints around revenues decisions.
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Mr. Rohan
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Email: email@example.com


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Technology News
Connecting decision makers to a dynamic community of information, folks and ideas, Bloomberg shortly and precisely delivers business and monetary data, news and insight around the globe. This workshop is being convened as an info-gathering session of the Academies' Study on the Growth of Computer Science Undergraduate Enrollments sponsored by the National Science Foundation and co-chaired by Susanne Hambrusch, professor of laptop science at Purdue University and CRA Board Vice-Chair, and Jared Cohon, president emeritus of Carnegie Mellon University.
At the annual conference for the ACE-CSRs, UCL PhD pupil Jonathan Bootle presented joint work with Andrea Cerulli, Pyrros Chaidos, Jens Groth and Christophe Petit on space-environment friendly zero-data proofs, which was published earlier this year on the internationally main cryptography conference EUROCRYPT 2016. With a quantum pc constructed of simply 50 qubits, none of at present's TOP500 supercomputers might successfully emulate it, reflecting the super potential of this expertise. Join right this moment and you may simply save your favorite articles, join in the conversation and remark, plus choose which information your need direct to your inbox. Computer magazine, the IEEE Computer Society's flagship publication, covers all facets of computer science, computer engineering, computing know-how, and applications.
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Computer engineers in CSE and the Center for Networked Systems (CNS) at UC San Diego anticipate that these new memory techniques will present software with sub-microsecond, excessive-bandwidth access to persistent knowledge. I even have learn and accept the privacy coverage and phrases and conditions and by submitting my email tackle I comply with obtain the PC & Tech Authority every day newsletter and obtain special provides on behalf of PC & Tech Authority, nextmedia and its valued partners. The neighborhood of quantum computer scientists and theorists is working to harness this energy, and applications in optimization and chemistry will likely be the primary to display quantum velocity-up.


text: Hi, On Thu, 2010-11-18 at 10:07 +0100, Jakub Jedelsky wrote: > Hi list-people! > > Is there anybody who has expiriences with sms gateway on Centos? Our > customer has a Siemens modem (connected via serial port) and finds any > tool for sending and receving sms. I found something like gammu and > smstools but I'm not sure with it.. Have you any tips? I use smstools on CentOS and RHEL with Siemens SMS modems, Nokia GSM (7110), Siemens GSM (M35) and GPRS modems. Works like a charm and very easy to use. You can use scripts to act on incoming SMS too. You can send SMS from the command line or by putting a file with the right content in the outgoing directory of the daemon. regards, Michel


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SketchUP Pro 2018
Anyone who loves sketching by hand but finds using CAD cumbersome or frustrating will appreciate SketchUp's unique approach. Instead of requiring users to learn a vast, complicated set of commands SketchUp combines a compact yet robust tool-set with an intelligent guidance system that streamlines the 3D drawing process. The result is an interface that supports a dynamic, creative exploration of 3D form, material and light without requiring large investments in training and support.
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SketchUp 2018 requirements
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Like many computer programs, SketchUp Make and SketchUp Pro require certain hardware and software specifications in order to install and run. These are basic requirements, though, so you may want to use our recommended suggestions to improve performance. The following list of requirements and recommendations apply to SketchUp Pro 2018.
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Recommended hardware


text:
Now in it's 15th year, the SafeWork NSW Awards are the premier safety awards in New South Wales. These prestigious awards were established to promote high standards of workplace health and safety and return to work outcomes in workplaces around NSW.
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text:
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to human error. Therefore, we cannot guarantee the accuracy of this information.
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For a specific date search use our draw
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JC BASKETBALL: MC's O'Field determined to finish strong
Just a few seconds into the game against New Mexico Junior College on Monday night, Maurice O'Field is flying through the air to put down an emphatic two-handed slam dunk.
Usually, 6-foot-8 Torren Jones wins the opening tip, gets the ball to point guard. Dontay Caruthers, who then finds O'Field for the alley-oop. Whenever the 6-6 freshman small forward for Midland College has delivered on that dunk, it has gotten the crowd and his team energized, which is what he was aiming to do.
"Maybe six or seven games ago, I think we were 3-6 (in the Western Junior College Athletic Conference) and I said to myself, we need something, we need a spark," O'Field said, "so I just said why not get the game started off with a dunk to get me started, to get the crowd started, to get me pumped, to get the team pumped, just have high energy and play hard from the jump. I think if we play hard we can contend with anyone."
The Chaparrals (17-11, 7-7 in WJCAC) need that kind of spark as they face must-win situations heading into the final two games of the regular season as they hope to make the regional tournament. A big one is tonight when they face rival Odessa College (19-9, 7-7) at the OC Sports Center.
Getting to the posteason is what the Chaps are aiming for, especially O'Field, who is coming off a 31-point performance in a 74-71 overtime loss to New Mexico Junior College on Monday night.
"The last game we played with a lot of determination," said O'Field, who is from Cleveland. "We made a couple of plays and a couple of calls didn't go our way. Just the more hunger to play in the playoffs and play in March is greater than anything anyone wants right now, so I think everybody will put it on the line these next two games."
O'Field came into the season hungry to get on the basketball court again after sitting out last year at East Tennessee State University because he didn't meet the minimum high school grades and standardized test scores to participate. He said it was a tough thing to have to sit out but it probably made him focus on what he needed to do.
"I realized that it was the best thing for me," he said. "I realized what I had to do academically and I realized what I had to do as a basketball player to be good and play at the Division I level. Around the beginning of the second semester (at ETSU), I realized that I'm smarter than what I give myself credit for and I can do it. I felt I could go to junior college, graduate and then play at a higher level."
His relationship with MC assistant coach Bryan Hodgson brought him to Midland College, where he originally signed out of high school before ETSU offered a spot. The relationship between player and coach goes back to when O'Field was entering his freshman year in high school.
"Ever since then, Coach B has been a big brother to me and one I never had," O'Field said. "He's done a lot for me and he's made sure I've kept my head on straight at times."
While he's had his ups and downs in his first and only year with the Chaps, O'Field has been one of the team's best offensive players, averaging 15.8 points per game, and one of the team's best defenders, usually assigned to guard the opponent's best player.
"He's been phenomenal the last five, six weeks," MC coach Jordan Dreiling said. "He's gotten better every game. He's focused, he wants to do what it takes to win, and wants to do his part. And he knows that his part is a huge one. He's got a lot of responsibility. Since the middle of January he's been locked in. He had a great game the other night and can have an even better game if we can eliminate some of those turnovers. But the way he can slash and work the baseline has opened everything up. You've got to guard him back there since he's so athletic."
There's a reason O'Field has gotten quite a few looks by Division I schools this season. Because he's set to get his Associate's degree in May, O'Field can transfer to a four-year school and have three years of eligibility remaining.
O'Field said he'll probably take visits to Marquette, Louisiana Tech, Gonzaga and Buffalo, but only after the season is over. And he hopes his team's season will continue for quite a while.
"It's a shame that the season is so short but just meshing together, I wish we had more time," he said. "Hopefully the playoffs will give us the extra time we need."
Follow Oscar on Twitter: @OLeRoy_MRT
When/where: 7:45 p.m. today, OC Sports Center
Records: Midland College 17-11, 7-7 in Western Junior College Athletic Conference; Odessa College 19-8, 7-7
Last WJCAC game: New Mexico JC 74, Midland College 71 (OT); Howard College 84, Odessa College 73
Notes & quotes: MC is looking to bounce back from a tough home loss to New Mexico JC. MC coach Jordan Dreiling expects tonight's game against the rival Wranglers to be a dogfight and his team need's to show more discipline on both ends of the floor. "Our effort has been really good. We just have to be more disciplined and more focused," he said. ...MC defeated the Wranglers 72-64 on Jan. 19 and Dreiling said the Chaps will need the same kind of effort. "Our entire team was on board with the plan for that game," he said. "It was one of the best collective efforts, and that's what (today) needs to be."
Next: Midland College at South Plains College, 7:45 p.m. Monday; South Plains at Odessa College, 7:45 p.m. Feb. 26
Men's WJCAC standings
Conference Overall
x-Howard College 11 2 20 6
x-South Plains 10 3 20 6
x-New Mexico JC 10 4 21 7
New Mexico Military 7 6 13 10
Odessa College 7 7 19 8
Midland College 7 7 17 11
Frank Phillips 4 9 15 12
Western Texas 2 11 11 14
Clarendon College 2 11 5 19
x-clinched regional tournament berth
Monday's Scores
New Mexico JC 74, Midland College 71 (OT); Howard College 84, Odessa College 73; Clarendon College 64, Frank Phillips College 59; New Mexico Military Institute 74, South Plains College 71; Western Texas College is open
Thursday's Games
Midland College at Odessa College; Clarendon College at Western Texas College; South Plains College at Frank Phillips College; New Mexico Military Institute at Howard College; New Mexico JC is open