text:
- Research article
- Open Access
- Open Peer Review
Prevalence of self-reported early glaucoma eye drop bottle exhaustion and associated risk factors: a patient survey
© Moore et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2014
- Received: 20 September 2013
- Accepted: 4 June 2014
- Published: 13 June 2014
One barrier to patient adherence with chronic topical glaucoma treatment is an inadequate amount of medication available between prescription refills. We examined the self-reported prevalence of early exhaustion of glaucoma eye drops prior to a scheduled refill, and associated risk factors.
This cross-sectional survey was performed at a University-based clinical practice. Glaucoma patients at the University of Washington who were experienced with eye drop application and were on a steady regimen of self-administered glaucoma drops in both eyes took a survey at the time of clinic examination. The main outcome measure was self-reported early eye drop bottle exhaustion.
236 patients were eligible and chose to participate. In general, patients included were relatively healthy (mean 2.3 comorbid medical conditions). Sixty patients (25.4%) reported any problem with early exhaustion of eye drop bottles, and this was associated with visual acuity ≤ 20/70 in the better eye (P = .049). Twelve patients (5.1%) reported that they "often" (5–7 times per year), "usually" (8–11 times per year) or "always" ran out of eye drops prior to a scheduled refill. Patients affected by this higher level (≥5 times yearly) of eye drop bottle exhaustion were more likely to have poor visual acuity in their worse eye ≤ 20/70 (P = .015) and had significantly lower worse-eye logMAR (P = .043).
Self-reported early glaucoma bottle exhaustion regularly affected 5% of patients in our population and 25% reported early exhaustion at least once; the main risk factor was poor vision in at least one eye. These results may not be generalizable to a broad patient population, or to those inexperienced with eye drop self-administration. However, this pilot study compels further evaluation and consideration of early eye drop bottle exhaustion in glaucoma patients.
- Glaucoma
- Eyedrop
- Medication
- Treatment
- Adherence
- Compliance
- Visual impairment
- Low vision
- Blindness
Glaucoma, the second leading cause of global blindness [1], is a progressive optic neuropathy with characteristic structural and functional abnormalities. Several clinical trials have demonstrated that reducing intraocular pressure (IOP) slows glaucoma progression [2, 3], and proper use of topical ocular antihypertensives improves outcomes. However, numerous reports suggest patients comply with only 70% or less of prescribed topical treatments [4–7].
Multiple reasons for poor adherence with topical glaucoma treatment have been implicated including situational and environmental factors, medication regimen, patient-related and provider-related factors [8]. Another barrier to patient compliance is an inadequate amount of medication available between scheduled prescription refills, because of difficulty in eye drop administration with resultant wastage. This is an issue in the United States (and may be in other developed nations) where prescription drug benefits ensure access to medication for most of the population, but also control the time interval before a refill may be obtained. This may also be of concern in less developed countries where access to and availability of medication may be limited. Although it is not uncommon in the clinic setting to hear patient complaints about the difficulty of getting refills if eye drop bottles are prematurely exhausted, no data exists in the literature regarding the prevalence of this phenomenon. Therefore we examined the prevalence of early exhaustion of glaucoma eye drops prior to a scheduled refill, and associated risk factors. Recent Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) changes now allow refills at 70% of the predicted days of use for patients with CMS-sponsored prescription drug coverage in the United States [9], which applies only to roughly 50% of the glaucoma patient population. As of late 2013, nine states also have passed and several others have pending legislation to provide coverage for all patients. The present study was based on patient recall over the year prior to institution of the CMS changes in a state without such legislation.
The Human Subjects Division of the University of Washington gave approval for this research survey. Patients were seen in glaucoma subspecialty clinics of the University of Washington from July 15, 2010 to December 31, 2010. Patients with a diagnosis of glaucoma who were prescribed long-term topical glaucoma therapy in both eyes and who self-administered drops were eligible for this study. The diagnosis of glaucoma was determined by standard ophthalmic examination and ancillary testing by fellowship-trained glaucoma specialists (PPC, RCM), and was based upon characteristic optic nerve appearance regardless of intraocular pressure or visual field findings. We chose to include only patients on bilateral treatment because we reasoned that patients using drops in only one eye on a traditional dosing regimen would be less likely to run out of medications. Because the personnel who administered the survey (CW, KLM) were not able to attend every glaucoma clinic at the University of Washington, not all eligible patients were enrolled. However, when the study-administering personnel were present, all eligible subjects were asked if they wished to participate in a study of eye drop use (no mention was made of eye drop bottle exhaustion). Of the subjects approached to participate in the study, approximately ten refused to participate.
Patients were required to be on a stable, self-administered drop regimen with no changes in their glaucoma therapy during the prior 3 months. After obtaining written informed consent, a short survey was completed (see Appendix) at the time of their office visit with the assistance of an in-person interviewer (CW, KLM). The survey was developed by the authors and was based on clinical experience with patient complaints during glaucoma clinic visits; it was not further validated. Data was collected regarding insurance status, self reported incidence of early eye drop bottle exhaustion, specific drops used, specific drops that were exhausted early, and factors that the patient considered to be responsible for this occurrence. We reviewed the patients' medical records for additional data, including visual acuity and most recent visual field data, including mean deviation (MD), pattern standard deviation (PSD) and visual field index (VFI). No automated visual field data existed for some eyes with poor visual acuity. For bilateral data, we divided eyes into worse and better eyes, based on visual acuity (visual field data were used if visual acuities were equal in each eye). We considered an eye with Snellen visual acuity of 20/70 or worse to have poor visual acuity, corresponding to the World Health Organization definition of visual impairment [10]. We noted the presence of ophthalmic and medical comorbidities (arthritis was considered separately), and number of other prescription medications. Combination drops (e.g. dorzolamide-timolol) were considered to be one bottle, but two medications. In cases where glaucoma medications included oral medications prescribed for intraocular pressure reduction, these were not considered eyedrops. We did not collect data regarding the brand, fill or bottle type of the medications solicited. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 16.0 for Mac (SPSS, Chicago, IL).
Demographics/characteristics of the study population (N = 236)
Age (years)
67.7 ± 14.0
119 (50%)
117 (50%)
Visual field indices
Better eye
MD: −4.2 ± 5.7 dB
PSD: 4.2 ± 3.4 dB
Worse eye
MD: −8.5 ± 8.1 dB
PSD: 6.5 ± 4.2 dB
Duration of treatment
7.9 ± 5.9 yrs
No prescription insurance
23 (9.7%)
Number of eye drop bottles
2.1 ± 0.8
Number of comorbid conditions*
2.3 ± 1.8
Number of prescription medications*
3.3 ± 3.2
Frequency of reported inadequate eyedrop bottle volume
Rarely (1-2x/yr)
29 (12.3)
Sometimes (3-4x/yr)
19 (8.1)
Often (5-7x/yr)
1 (0.4)
Usually (8-11x/yr)
4 (1.7)
7 (3.0)
60 (25.4)
Selected risk factors for early eye drop bottle exhaustion among patients who report often, usually, or always running out of drops early (at least 5 times yearly)
Yes, runs out
No, does not
Age (yrs)
71.7 ± 11.3
67.1 ± 14.2
Years of glaucoma drop use
10.9 ± 7.6
7.8 ± 5.8
Poor visual acuity (≤20/70)
Better eye
2/12 (16.7%)
7/224 (3.1%)
Worse eye
6/46 (13.0%)
6/190 (3.2%)
logMAR visual acuity
Better eye
.505 ± 1.03
.087 ± .199
Worse eye
.881 ± 1.06
.397 ± .787
Visual field
Mean deviation (dB), better eye
−6.7 ± 7.6
−4.1 ± 5.6
Visual Field Index, better eye
81 ± 21
90 ± 16
Mean deviation, worse eye
−12.0 ± 13.3
−8.4 ± 7.8
Visual Field Index, worse eye
63 ± 40
78 ± 23
Number of comorbid conditions (mean ± SD)
2.8 ± 2.0
2.3 ± 1.8
Number of prescription medications (not including eye drops)
5.3 ± 5.4
3.2 ± 3.0
Number of bottles
2.1 ± 1.2
2.1 ± 0.8
Number of eye drops/day
6.2 ± 4.5
6.6 ± 3.8
Reasons for reduced visual acuity (≤20/70)
Primary reason for reduced visual acuity
Better eye (N = 9)
Worse eye (N = 45)
Glaucoma (any type)
1 (11%)
11 (24%)
Retinal vein occlusion
6 (13%)
Age-related macular degeneration
2 (22%)
5 (11%)
Myopic retinal degeneration
2 (22%)
5 (11%)
3 (7%)
1 (11%)
3 (7%)
Retinal detachment
3 (7%)
Dry eye disease
1 (11%)
2 (4%)
Posterior uveitis
1 (11%)
2 (4%)
Diabetic retinopathy
1 (2%)
1 (11%)
4 (9%)
Patient questionnaire responses regarding factors contributing to early bottle exhaustion
Patient-reported reason for early bottle exhaustion
More than one drop comes out
27 (30.6)
Insufficient amount in bottle
16 (18.1)
Drop size too large/inconsistent
16 (18.1)
Can't see tip of bottle
10 (11.4)
Can't hold bottle steady
8 (9.1)
Misses eye
4 (4.5)
Not sure why
3 (3.4)
Poor vision
2 (2.3)
Can't see if bottle empty
2 (2.3)
Number of eyedrops used, exhausted and percentage of drop exhaustion among those with any early eyedrop bottle exhaustion, and those with frequent (≥5 times per year) early eyedrop bottle exhaustion
N patients using drop
N (%) any early exhaustion
N (%) frequent early exhaustion
7 (7.9)
4 (4.5)
13 (16.3)
3 (3.8)
4 (5.4)
1 (1.3)
10 (14.5)
3 (4.7)
10 (15.2)
3 (4.5)
6 (14.6)
2 (4.9)
2 (11.7)
2 (12.5)
1 (20.0)
1 (20.0)
2 (40.0)
2 (40.0)
Poor adherence with treatment has been reported as a risk factor for progression to blindness in glaucoma patients [11–13]. This study evaluated the self-reported prevalence of early glaucoma eye drop bottle exhaustion and found 25% of patients reported their bottles did not last until the next allowed refill at least once yearly, and for 5% of patients this occurred on a regular basis (at least 5 times per year). The actual number of patients affected may be even greater, as self-reported non-anonymous studies may underestimate the prevalence of a given problem, due to response bias [14]. Recent CMS changes (at the United States national level) and some state Medicaid changes now allow refills of prescription drugs at 70% of the predicted days of use for patients with prescription drug coverage [9], but this only applies to patients who are Medicare beneficiaries who have enrolled in Part D; in 2011, approximately 13.5 million persons (~28% of those enrolled in Medicare) were not covered by Part D plans [15]. In addition, non-Medicare prescription drug insurance plans are not required to follow the same CMS rules. As such, although there are many potential reasons patients who exhaust their medications earlier than a scheduled refill may not collect new medications, insurance restrictions have been a significant barrier in the United States.
We found an association between poor visual acuity in the worse eye (from any etiology, though in our study about one quarter of worse-affected eyes were damaged by glaucoma) and higher levels of early bottle exhaustion. One possible explanation for this finding may be "increased" adherence with therapy (perhaps better termed over-adherence) as compared to patients with less severe disease. Some investigators have suggested that fear of blindness is a motivator for adherence [16]. Similarly, patients considered glaucoma suspects are less adherent with therapy than patients diagnosed with glaucoma [17, 18]. However if such over-adherence leads to early bottle exhaustion, this may only worsen advanced disease. Thus the individuals most affected by early bottle exhaustion are those who need their glaucoma medication the most – those who have limited sight.
In addition, administration of eye drops requires dexterity and hand-eye coordination; good visual acuity and the ability to aim are necessarily interrelated [19]. Indeed, videotaping of glaucoma patients has shown they used an average of 1.4 - 1.8 drops when trying to instill a single eye drop [20, 21], which would result in a need to refill medications earlier than expected. A previous study evaluating disease severity and eye-drop administration found that in patients with asymmetric glaucoma, there was a significant association between worse instillation technique and the eye with greater visual field loss [22]. Visual field data was not associated with early bottle exhaustion in our patient population, though this is probably related to the lack of automated visual field testing in eyes with very poor visual acuity. Systemic conditions such as cerebrovascular accident, tremor, Parkinson's disease, and peripheral neuropathy were poorly represented in our study population, possibly because we excluded patients who did not administer their own drops, and patients severely afflicted by the aforementioned diseases probably must rely on caretakers to administer their eyedrop medications.
Although many of the factors cited by our subjects as reasons for early bottle exhaustion are likely amenable only to personalized instruction or use of an eyedrop dispensing aid, some of them might be amenable to changes in eye drop bottle manufacture: such as colored bottle tips that would allow patients to see the tip of the bottle more easily, clear or translucent bottles so patients could see when they are running low on medication, and development and distribution of aids for eye drop instillation (or greater adoption of existing instillation aids) among those at risk for early bottle exhaustion. Although the reasons we listed on the survey might appear to direct our subjects' responses, in fact 43% of responses were listed under "other." Clearly, given the difficulty in eye drop administration, the development of an alternative eye drop delivery system would be welcome.
No association was found between medical insurance status nor prescription drug insurance status, and early eye drop bottle exhaustion, although only a small proportion of our study population was uninsured. While we did not collect data on out-of-pocket drug cost or socioeconomic data for our subjects, the lack of association seen with insurance status or type implies that socioeconomic status may not influence the rate of early bottle exhaustion, which is consistent with other studies that have looked at other sociodemographics such as educational level [6, 13, 23, 24]. A reasonable conclusion, based on our findings and those of other authors, would be that problems with eye drop administration are present across socioeconomic stations and are not related to drug cost or insurance status.
That patients with glaucoma may have poor adherence to topical treatment is not a novel finding. The usual implication is that insufficient medicine is taken despite adequate supply [23–25], although some authors have found that 7-13% of patients overused topical glaucoma drops on a regular basis, 6–7 days per month [5, 26]. Our study suggests that providers must also be cognizant of early bottle exhaustion when managing glaucoma patients. Patients with poor vision may have particular difficulty with this issue; unfortunately, these may be the patients that need well-controlled IOP the most. However, treatment should be individualized, since a multitude of factors may interfere with compliance [8]. Medication insurers and pharmacy staff should acknowledge that some patients will have early bottle exhaustion, and should make allowances for early eye drop bottle refills, as is currently permitted under Medicare Part D. Although patients desire personalized instruction on eyedrop administration [27], and while it makes sense that improved training of patients in eyedrop self-administration might also reduce the number of patients that have difficulty with this basic aspect of glaucoma treatment, there is currently no evidence in the literature that supports such a contention [28].
Several limitations of our study must be acknowledged. Our data collection relied solely on patient recall, and was not validated with pharmacy refill data, with observation of eye drop instillation practices or with patient involvement. We studied a relatively small population at a single academic center, and our results may not be generalizable to other populations. Given the small number of patients with higher levels of early bottle exhaustion, our findings on risk factors for early bottle exhaustion should be interpreted with caution. Response bias may have led some patients to minimize or maximize the extent of their difficulties, although we attempted to word our survey carefully in an attempt to avoid such bias. Further investigation of this subject might focus on a larger sample size, prospective measurement via pharmacy refill data, use of eye drop application aids among patients who report difficulty with early eye drop bottle exhaustion and length of time patients must go without medication, as well as coping mechanisms that patients employ to "stretch out" their medication eye drop supply.
Self-reported early glaucoma bottle exhaustion regularly affected 5% of patients in our glaucoma clinic population, and 25% reported early exhaustion at least once yearly; the main risk factor was poor vision (Snellen acuity of 20/70 or worse) in at least one eye. Our survey was only conducted on experienced eyedrop users who self-adminstered their eyedrops bilaterally, and therefore these results may not be generalizable to a broad patient population with patients suffering from numerous medical issues, or with those inexperienced with eye drop self-administration. However, this pilot study compels further data collection and research, and consideration of early eye drop bottle exhaustion in at-risk glaucoma patients in the clinic.
Appendix: Eye drop use survey
1. How many different bottles of glaucoma eye drops do you use?
1____ 2____ 3____ 4 or more_____
2. Do you have any kind of insurance plan that helps to pay for your glaucoma eye drops?
- a.
If yes, is this Medicare Part D? Yes____ No____
If yes, name of insurance (if known)__________________
- b.
3. How often do you think you run out of eye drops before the end of the month, or before your insurance company will allow you to re-order your drops?
- a.
- b.
Rarely - not more than once or twice per year_____
- c.
Sometimes - 3 to 4 times per year_____
- d.
Often - 5 to 7 times per year_____
- e.
Usually - 8 to 11 times per year_____
- f.
4. Which of your medications usually runs out early?
Name of medication(s)_____________________________
It varies, cannot say____
5. Why do you think you usually run out of drops earlier than you are supposed to? Check all that apply.
I miss my eye because I can't see the bottle tip well_____
I miss my eye because I can't hold the bottle steady_____
More than one drop comes out______
The size of the drops is too large______
Other reason (please list)____________________________
Authors' Affiliations
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- Leske MC, Heijl A, Hussein M, Bengtsson B, Hyman L, Komaroff E, Early Manifest Glaucoma Trial Group: Factors for glaucoma progression and the effect of treatment: the Early Manifest Glaucoma Trial. Arch Ophthalmol. 2003, 121: 48-56.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- The AGIS Investigators: The Advanced Glaucoma Interventional Study (AGIS): 7, the relationship between control of intraocular pressure and visual field deterioration. Am J Ophthalmol. 2000, 130: 429-440.View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Gordon ME, Kass MA: Validity of standard compliance measures in glaucoma compared with an electronic eye drop monitor. Patient Compliance in Medical Practice and Clinical Trials. Edited by: Cramer JA, Spiker B. 1991, New York: Raven, 163-173.Google Scholar
- Kass MA, Meltzer DW, Gordon M, Cooper D, Goldberg J: Compliance with topical pilocarpine treatment. Am J Ophthalmol. 1986, 101: 515-523.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Okeke CO, Quigley HA, Jampel HD, Ying GS, Plyler RJ, Jian Y, Friedman DS: Interventions improve poor adherence with once daily glaucoma medications in electronically monitored patients. Ophthalmology. 2009, 116: 2286-2293.View ArticlePubMedPubMed CentralGoogle Scholar
- Hermann MM, Bron AM, Creuzot-Garcher CP, Diestelhorst M: Measurement of adherence to brimonidine therapy for glaucoma using electronic monitoring. J Glaucoma. 2011, 20: 502-508.PubMedGoogle Scholar
- Tsai JC, McClure CA, Ramos SE, Schlundt DG, Pichert JW: Compliance barriers in glaucoma: a systematic classification. J Glaucoma. 2003, 12: 393-398.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Department of Health and Human Services. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services: Early refill edits on topical ophthalmic products. 2010, http://www.cms.gov/Medicare/Prescription-Drug-Coverage/PrescriptionDrugCovContra/Downloads/MemoEarlyRefillOpth_060210.pdf Accessed June 6, 2014Google Scholar
- Murdoch IE, Jones BR, Cousens S, Liman I, Babalola OE, Dauda J, Abiose A: Visual field constriction as a cause of blindness or visual impairment. Bull World Health Organ. 1997, 75 (2): 141-146.PubMedPubMed CentralGoogle Scholar
- Chen PP: Blindness in patients with treated open-angle glaucoma. Ophthalmology. 2003, 110: 726-733.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Kooner KS, Albdoor M, Cho BJ, Adams-Huet B: Risk factors for progression to blindness in high tension primary open angle glaucoma: comparison of blind and nonblind subjects. Clin Ophthalmol. 2008, 2: 757-762.View ArticlePubMedPubMed CentralGoogle Scholar
- Sleath B, Blalock S, Covert D, Stone JL, Skinner AC, Muir K, Robin AL: The relationship between glaucoma medication adherence, eye drop technique, and visual field defect severity. Ophthalmology. 2011, 118: 2387-2402.View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- O'Leary TE, Diller L, Recklitis CJ: The effects of response bias on self-reported quality of life among childhood cancer survivors. Qual Life Res. 2007, 16: 1211-1220.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Medicare Payment Advisory Commission: Status Report on Part D, With Focus on Beneficiaries With High Drug Spending. Report to the Congress: Medicare Payment Policy. 2012, Washington DC: MedPAC, 339-370.Google Scholar
- Lacey J, Cate H, Broadway C: Barriers to adherence with glaucoma medications: a qualitative research study. Eye. 2009, 23: 924-932.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Kosoko O, Quigley HA, Vitale S, Enger C, Kerrigan L, Tielsch JM: Risk factors for noncompliance with glaucoma follow-up visits in a residents' eye clinic. Ophthalmology. 1998, 105: 2105-2111.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Nordstrom BL, Friedman DS, Mozaffari E, Quigley HA, Walker AM: Persistence and adherence with topical glaucoma therapy. Am J Ophthalmol. 2005, 140: 598-606.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Winfield AJ, Jessiman D, Williams A, Esakowitz L: A study of the causes of non-compliance by patients prescribed eyedrops. Br J Ophthalmol. 1990, 74: 477-480.View ArticlePubMedPubMed CentralGoogle Scholar
- Stone JL, Robin AL, Novack GD, Covert DW, Cagle GD: An objective evaluation of eyedrop instillation in patients with glaucoma. Arch Ophthalmol. 2009, 127: 732-736.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Hennessy AL, Katz J, Covert D, Protzko C, Robin AL: Videotaped evaluation of eyedrop instillation in glaucoma patients with visual impairment or moderate to severe visual field loss. Ophthalmology. 2010, 117: 2345-2352.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Aptel H, Masset H, Burillon C, Robin A, Denis P: The influence of disease severity on quality of eye-drop administration in patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Br J Ophthalmol. 2009, 93: 700-701.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Friedman DS, Okeke CO, Jampel HD, Ying GS, Plyler RJ, Jiang Y, Quigley HA: Risk factors for poor adherence to eyedrops in electronically monitored patients with glaucoma. Ophthalmology. 2009, 116: 1097-1105.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Rees G, Leong O, Crowston JG, Lamoureux EL: Intentional and unintentional nonadherence to ocular hypotensive treatment in patients with glaucoma. Ophthalmology. 2010, 117: 903-908.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Gurwitz JH, Glynn RJ, Monane M, Everitt DE, Gilden D, Smith N, Avorn J: Treatment for glaucoma: adherence by the elderly. Am J Pub Health. 1993, 83: 711-716.View ArticleGoogle Scholar
- Kass MA, Gordon M, Morley RE, Meltzer DW, Goldberg JJ: Compliance with topical timolol treatment. Am J Ophthalmol. 1987, 103 (2): 188-193.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Taylor SA, Galbraith SM, Mills RP: Causes of non-compliance with drug regimens in glaucoma patients: a qualitative study. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther. 2002, 18 (5): 401-409.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Waterman H, Evans JR, Gray TA, Henson D, Harper R: Interventions for improving adherence to ocular hypotensive therapy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013, 4: CD006132-doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006132.pub3PubMedGoogle Scholar
- The pre-publication history for this paper can be accessed here:http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2415/14/79/prepub
Pre-publication history
This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.


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Hiro Morozumi (Japan) gets the 3rd price. Native of Japan, Hiro Morozumi studied on scholarship for eight years at the prestigious University of North Texas, and got a Master's degree in jazz studies. He studied extensively with the jazz education pioneer Dan Haerle. Hiro is a rising composer who has won the Henry Mancini Institute Scholarship in 2002. He is also a highly demanded performer in both jazz and popular music scenes. Hiro plans to spend the upcoming year in Paris, where he will be concentrating on classical studies. The artist receives CHF 2000 and will get the opportunity to attend a Master class presented by a famous pianist and will take part in the 34th IAJE conference in January 2007.
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UK online retailers fear Internet-based fraud will jump in the coming year as chip and PIN systems are rolled in shops, a new report has found.
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eBEYONDS Mobile App development team is a group of creative, business-minded problem solvers who work with you and your brand to develop mobile apps based upon your business objectives through original thinking and marketing acumen. Our team of experts has an innate ability to develop highly workable apps for all kinds of requirements and specifications.
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Mobile commerce (mCommerce) is set to be one of the fastest growing outlets for product research and online sales and businesses that go mobile are now primed to ride on the crest of that wave. This is why, at eBEYONDS, we recommend that businesses start adopting mobile commerce.
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tumblog summary
I began my tumblog without a clear notion of what I was doing. I had an idea that this was a good thing–that the value would emerge as I dived in and just started posting. I don't think this would have occurred to me had I not been primed by IDEL, although the tumblog was quite different than the blog for that module.
In the first few weeks I took my cues from the module resources, other students' tumblogs and the comments I received. It became increasingly apparent, especially in the early stages, that I was constantly having to leap the fences that my mind had put up. The fences were sometimes trying to keep popular culture out, or block ideas that seemed too tenuously connected to the module topics, or concerns that my tumblog would pick up the spill over from my work and personal lives. But the leaping itself, once I'd realised that it was okay for me to do, engendered a sense of freedom that had been lacking in many academic contexts up to this point. (I especially think of a paper I wrote for an undergraduate course in which I combined learning from another module, from a different department, with learning from the one I was studying, and received a failing mark for being 'off-topic'; this seriously put me off combining different disciplines in assessed work.) The encouragement to actively pursue interdisciplinary connections, the delight of combining unexpected and diverse content and media, and the challenge to use the academic reading and theory to gain insight into the culture represented was thus a rare intellectually fulfilling process.
It was only near the end of the module, however, that I began to see how closely the tumblog itself related to the module topics. I don't know if I can quite map the blocks onto the progress of my understanding of the tumblog experience, but perhaps I could suggest that the first block gave us (as a module group) a way into examining and extending our shared understanding of digital cultures and the portrayal of the digital in our cultures (including self-referential reflection on the nature of online environments and individual relations to that environment and identity–which spoke directly to our participation on edc13.education.ed.ac.uk); this collective endeavour developed a community with its own norms and behaviours (again, a playing out of the theory); and finally this 'environment' became an amalgam of artefacts, people and ideas around a 'matter of concern'–cyborg posthumans experimenting.
I also think this module has avoided the error of creating a 'fake' journey of discovery in which the student is scheduled to experience cognitive dissonance on day X, a paradigm shift on day Y and finally a learn-by-doing epiphany on day Z. Perhaps most of my fellow students linked the tumblog to module content long before I did; but the crucial thing as I see it was that the tumblog and projects made this delivery of the module significantly and genuinely unique, and as such a real-time enactment of the theory.


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Visual-Q was established in 2002 to bring the best products and services in the field of healthy computing together under one roof and make them accessible to end users, specifiers and employers alike.To do what we do well, we have to offer a diverse range of products and so we are constantly evaluating new items from manufacturers from all over the world, but by remaining independent of individual suppliers we remain objective in selecting the right product to match a particular requirement.We are proud that customer and supplier relationships formed in our early days continue today and that we have proved that a commitment to offering the highest levels of service and business integrity is not too old-fashioned a concept. As an SME we know the real meaning of 'value for money' and in a competitive market recycling and cutting energy consumption are second nature to us.We offer a range of practical, ergonomic solutions for computer users in the office, at home and on the move and with award-winning workstation assessment software and an on-site assessment service we help organisations, large and small, to attain compliance with DSE regulations and promote healthy computing practices.Our on-line shop, www.laptopstands.co.uk, was born of research we carried out into the ergonomics of laptop use and soon it became the definitive source for accessories related to mobile computing. Our portfolio has expanded since then to include height-adjustable desks, desktop risers, compact keyboards, laptop bags and many other ergonomic desktop products.
The Shadow stand attaches to the base of the laptop so that the user can set up an ergonomic workstation anywhere.
This attachable laptop stand is probably the lightest and most portable laptop ergonomics solution on the market and fits almost any 15" to 15.6" laptops.
The world's thinnest laptop stand and like all Ergonomic Café products it is fully adjustable, strong and stable to use. The innovative fold-flat design will ensure that you will never again leave your laptop stand behind.
This amazing laptops stand is just 1.2mm thick and weighs just 130 grams. Shadow is secured to the back of the laptop stand with a simple Velcro system, and can be transferred to another laptop stand.
The Shadow laptop stand fits almost any 15"-15.6" laptop, and can be transferred to another laptop easily in the future.
Product 8/9


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Penny Dreadful: Get the Look – your TV fashion guide
Want to inject a gothic look into your wardrobe this spring/summer? Here are our top tips for re-creating the styles from Sky Atlantic's new production, Penny Dreadful…
Penny Dreadful starts on Sky Atlantic tonight at 9pm; another big budget production from the channel sees more film actors integrated into TV. Names such as Eva Green, Josh Hartnett, Timothy Dalton and Billie Piper make this a star-packed cast that promises to deliver the movie quality we have grown accustomed to from Sky.
Gothic glamour, as seen by the celebs gracing the red carpet at the Baftas on Sunday, is a continuing trend that can be evolved throughout the seasons. Penny Dreadful is a gothic horror and the stars' costumes are gorgeously created to fit the theme. In this 'Get the Look' I have taken two of the looks that appear tonight and updated them for spring/summer. I've also given you a guide to a few gothic essentials that will help you build this style for your own wardrobe.
Eva Green
Eva Green's character Vanessa Ives has some beautiful costumes in the first episode. Very victorian and very gothic, her style needs updating to be wearable for modern everyday purposes but it gives you a wonderful basis for inspiration. I have used this to create three style ideas that can take you from work to drinks in a flash.
Wine demi-corset Kiss Me Deadly £140, High-waisted zip leather pencil skirt Kelly Simpkin London £425, Large Spider and Black Diamond Eyes Pendant Suicide Blonde £245, Peachy Square Heeled Pointed Toe Court Shoes Spy Love Buy £21.95, Patterned Sheer-sleeve Dress Izabel £28, Carmilla Ear Cuff Katie Rowland £190, Vintage Victorian Black Lace Cuff Fred & Pickles £28, Tempest Hunter Midi Dress with corset detail The Vestry £195.
The first look on the left is probably not going to work in the office, however it is a very sexy style that you can wear for a date or drinks with friends. I really like the leather pencil skirt, and stiletto combination. I would probably pair this with a black shirt or kimono (like this one) over the top of the corset. The ear cuff from Katie Rowland is the newest addition to my wish list; it's just gorgeous and fits with this look so well. The pink dress from Izabel is a great twist on the style and the vibrant colour brings it nicely into spring work wear.
Olivia Llewellyn
Mina Harker played by Olivia Llewellyn, is seen only very briefly in episode one; however her costume is really stunning and perfect for a summer look. A cream lace maxi dress will see you through a bohemian summer wedding (but not if it's a white dress!) or a garden party. Accessories will make the outfit fit the occasion so make sure these are well considered.
Crochet Lace Maxi Dress by Kate Moss for Topshop £180, Carmilla Twisted Ring Katie Rowland £235, Hannah Taupe Multi Buckle Sandal Missguided £39.99, Edith low wedge Gladiator Sandals Linzi £17, Cut out Collar necklace Topshop £14, Lace Dress H & M £59.99.
I love the lace maxi dress by Kate Moss; Topshop often release the stock for her lines in batches so don't be dismayed if it is out of stock when you look. This image doesn't do the dress justice, as when seen up close the detailing is incredible! I prefer flats with a maxi style skirt or dress, but if you want that extra lift these multi-buckle sandals from Missguided are a great colour to team with a cream dress. If you prefer the H&M dress on the right then go with white sandals as it will compliment the creamer colour better.
Gothic essentials
To get the gothic look there are few basics that you'll need which you can then build on. Below is a selection of my top pieces to give you a great starting point for your own gothic interpretations.
Elle Robe Kiss Me Deadly £85, Audrey Plunge Overbust corset Ava Corsetry £189.50, Studs effect printed two tone Leather large Shopper Handbag Suicide Blonde £545, Rhodium plated silver ring set with amethyst and zircon JCM £ 240, Organza Dreams Peplum Top Lasula £18, Marta Skirt Fazane Malik (Available for pre-order from the end of May).
Kiss Me Deadly create gorgeous retro lingerie including corsets, robes, suspenders and stockings. I featured one of their corsets in Eva's look and here I have also included one of their stunning robes, you can just imagine yourself swishing around a big gothic house in this sheer chiffon number! To get that gothic Victorian look, shape is very important, so if you are daring enough to try it out, Ava corsetry make fantastic steel boned corsets that will give you the perfect hourglass shape! I really like this shopper bag from Suicide Blonde, as the name of the brand suggests the whole collection is a tad macabre and very in keeping with this style, well worth a look.
Penny Dreadful is on Tuesdays at 9pm on Sky Atlantic


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Ladies, the latest colorway of the Air Jordan 4 Retro hits stores this weekend.
Known as the "Denim" edition, this Girls Air Jordan 4 Retro GG comes in a dark obsidian, vivid pink, white and metallic gold colorway. Featuring a blue denim upper with pink accents, gold branding on the tongue tag and a white midsole. A general release, look out for them at select Jordan Brand accounts worldwide on Saturday, January 16th, 2016. Retail is set at $140 for extended gradeschool sizes.
Enjoy the official images below of the "Denim" Girls Air Jordan 4 Retro GG in dark obsidian, vivid pink, white and metallic gold. If you're interested in picking these up when they release, check in with your local spots to see if they will be receiving them. Those of you looking for a pair now can, grab them from eBay here.


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Kirin Tor
- For the organization from the Warcraft film universe, see Kirin Tor (film universe).
|Kirin Tor
|Main leader
|Other major settlements
|Base of operations
Kirin'Var Village (destroyed), Violet Bluff
|Theater of operations
The Kirin Tor (sometimes spelled Kirin-Tor),[4][5] also known as the Wizard Council of Dalaran,[6] or the Magus Senate of Dalaran,[7] is an elite cadre of the most powerful wizards in the known world,[8] and the ruling conclave[9][10] of magi that leads the magical nation of Dalaran, one of the seven human kingdoms. More specifically, they are governed by the Council of Six.[11][12] The Kirin Tor were members of the original Alliance of Lordaeron. They have also upheld an alliance with Silvermoon for over 2,000 years,[13] and the Council of Six itself once included Quel'Thalas' crown-prince Kael'thas Sunstrider, and the blood elf Aethas Sunreaver.
Once a secretive and selective order of magi that kept aloof from ordinary politics,[14] the Kirin Tor has since become one of the foremost factions standing against the threats posed to Azeroth's survival - among them the Scourge, the Blue Dragonflight, the Iron Horde and the Burning Legion, with Dalaran becoming a focal point of the campaign against the demons and serving as a neutral ground where the heroes of every kingdom could join together against their mutual foe.[15]
The Kirin Tor became a reputation faction in World of Warcraft: Wrath of the Lich King.
- 1 History
- 2 Organization and headquarters
- 3 Membership
- 4 Reputation
- 5 Rewards
- 6 Named
- 7 Title
- 8 In the RPG
- 9 Notes
- 10 Gallery
- 11 See also
- 12 References
- 13 External links
As Dalaran became the chief center of learning for magicians throughout the land, its Magocrat lords formed the Kirin Tor[16][17] as a specialized sect that was charged with cataloging and researching every spell, artifact, and magic item known to mankind at the time.[18] They are ruled by the Council of Six.
During the Second War
Following the fall of Stormwind to the Orcish Horde the Kirin Tor pledged the support of Dalaran to the newly formed Alliance of Lordaeron. Archmage Khadgar personally served as their liaison and would eventually destroy the Dark Portal.[19] Though the Dark Portal was destroyed in the aftermath of the Second War the Kirin Tor noticed that a rift remained that connected Azeroth and Draenor together, and so created Nethergarde Keep in order to watch over the rift.[20] Additionally it took several members of the Kirin Tor working together in order to halt the taint that was spreading from the rift's location.[21]
During the war that would follow between the Alliance of Lordaeron and Horde of Draenor, Teron Gorefiend and his death knights, aided by Deathwing, found themselves able to successfully enter Dalaran's Arcane vault and steal the Eye of Dalaran from the Kirin Tor. Archmage Antonidas would quickly inform Khadgar of the theft and, sometime after, the Alliance Expedition would journey to Draenor in order to put an end to the orc threat.
Following the destruction of the Draenor, the Kirin Tor would take an interest in the defeated orcs' strange lethargy. The organization would discover orcs were suffering from a withdrawal of the demonic energies that they had become addicted to.[22]
During the Third War
Near the beginning of the Third War the Kirin Tor took notice of a mysterious plague gripping the northlands. As such their Ambassador to King Terenas revealed that the Kirin Tor were prepared to place the villages under strict quarantine. However, the King declared that there would be no quarantine without proof of these claims as the people of Lordaeron had suffered enough.[23] Suspecting that the plague was magical in nature the Kirin Tor sent Jaina Proudmoore, accompanied by special envoys, to assist.[24] The Kirin Tor eventually learned that their suspicions were not only correct but that Kel'Thuzad, a former member of the organization, was responsible for spreading the plague.[25]
Under the direction of the demon lord Archimonde, the Scourge, led by the death knight Arthas, prepared to invade Dalaran in order to claim the Book of Medivh. The Kirin Tor were prepared to fight the undead and had created magical auras that would harm any undead that enter the city. They also evacuated most of the inhabitants.[26] Despite this Arthas and Kel'Thuzad were not deterred and were able to enter the city, kill the wizards maintaining the auras (which included the Kirin Tor's leader Antonidas), and claim the Book of Medivh.[27]
While the Scourge prepared to summon Archimonde into the world, surviving wizards of the Kirin Tor had teleported in an army.[28] As the Kirin Tor began their attack, Arthas ordered the Scourge to defend Kel'Thuzad at all costs; and despite their best efforts, the Kirin Tor failed in stopping the Scourge. Successfully summoned, the demon lord Archimonde destroyed Dalaran completely, claiming its annihilation heralded the Legion's first strike against the mortal world.
After the fall of Dalaran, surviving agents of the Kirin Tor such as Jailor Kassan pledged their support to Grand Marshal Garithos and the Alliance resistance.[29] The blood elves, led by Council of Six member Kael'thas Sunstrider, came to reside in Dalaran and fought in its defense; however, the elves came under Garithos' prejudice against their kind and were eventually imprisoned in the city's dungeons for consorting with the Naga, slated for execution. However, thanks to the timely arrival of Lady Vashj, the blood elves were freed and eventually found their way to Outland. While elves such as Aethas would vouch for the Kirin Tor's innocence in these events, others like Rommath would accuse the organization of looking the other way.[30] What role the Kirin Tor had in this, if any, is largely unknown. They were, however, known to have partial control of the city.[31] The destruction of Dalaran was a massive blow to the Kirin Tor, leaving its surviving members scattered and its leadership in disarray.[32]
At some point, the Kirin Tor cleared the naga from the Tomb of Sargeras and sealed the place.[33]
World of Warcraft
This section concerns content related to the original World of Warcraft.
At some point, the surviving wizards of the Kirin Tor returned to the ruins of Dalaran and constructed a vast, magical dome around the heart of their city. Some believe it was for protection from the violence of these times, others say they merely wanted solitude, to study and plot. The shield was opaque and completely impenetrable by any known means warding off any new attack while the magi slowly regained their strength. The area and ruined outskirts of their city were patrolled by the wizards and their elemental slaves,[34] but the dome is powerful enough to destroy creatures that venture too close.
They sent Sorcerer Ashcrombe to Shadowfang Keep to check on Archmage Arugal's progress against the undead, ignorant to the fact that the archmage had been driven mad with guilt over the fact that he summoned the worgen to Gilneas.
The Kirin Tor were also not knowledgeable about the Forsaken at first, believing them to be just another clan of undead.[35] The mages of Dalaran would eventually come into conflict with them, notably over the control of Ambermill in Silverpine Forest.
At some point, after the Scarlet Crusade failed to properly create a second Ashbringer in the form of [Light's Wrath], the elite magi of the Kirin Tor hid it away lest it unleash further deadly calamities.[36] Fearing its unbridled power, the Kirin Tor entrusted its safekeeping to the blue dragonflight in order to secure it away from the hands of men.[37]
Wrath of the Lich King
This section concerns content related to Wrath of the Lich King.
Eventually, the mages were able to lift the reconstructed city of Dalaran from its site, leaving only a crater in its place. The Kirin Tor decided to move their floating city to Northrend, where they still rule over the reconstructed Dalaran. The Kirin Tor proclaimed themselves neutral in the conflict between the Horde and the Alliance, and instead sought to help bridge the gaps between the two factions—starting with reaching out to Quel'Thalas for magical support against Malygos, the crazed Aspect of Magic.[38]
The presence of the Kirin Tor was indeed met with deep-seated revilement from the crazed Malygos, who made numerous attempts to destroy the city.[39] Malygos, whose war on mortal magic users reached its crux during the war against the Lich King, would ultimately be put to death before his vengeance against the Kirin Tor could be fulfilled. A number of Kirin Tor mages decided to help the blue dragonflight and Malygos transformed them into mage hunters.
The elven population of the Kirin Tor underwent something of a split: the portion of the elves who converted to the blood elven philosophy took up the name "the Sunreavers," named for their leader, Aethas Sunreaver, the only non-human on the Council of Six. Conversely, some high elven members opposed the notion of allowing the sin'dorei back into the Kirin Tor's ranks and formed the Silver Covenant to oppose it. Its leader, Vereesa Windrunner, however, held no political sway within the city, thus leading to the blood elves officially being readmitted as members of the Kirin Tor.[40]
The Kirin Tor also assisted in the assault on Ulduar, working closely with Brann Bronzebeard and his Explorers' League to this end.
Tides of War
This section concerns content related to the Warcraft novels, novellas, or short stories.
Jaina Proudmoore urged the Kirin Tor to support Theramore against the Horde armies massing at Northwatch Hold. The council agreed to send mages to help defend the island nation. Aethas Sunreaver cast the decisive vote in support of Theramore, reasoning that to do nothing would be to implicitly support the Horde's expansionism.
When Garrosh's true plan: to detonate a mana bomb over Theramore, is revealed; Rhonin sacrifices his life by teleporting Jaina and a few wounded defenders to safety. Rhonin pulls the bomb into the Theramore Tower, minimizing the damage caused by the explosion.
In the aftermath, Jaina replaces Rhonin on the Council of Six and as leader of the Kirin Tor. Due to Thalen Songweaver's betrayal at the defense of Theramore, the Sunreavers' credibility has been damaged.
Mists of Pandaria
This section concerns content related to Mists of Pandaria.
When Jaina Proudmoore discovered that the Sunreavers helped Garrosh Hellscream steal the [Divine Bell] by using Dalaran portals to infiltrate Darnassus, she mobilized the Kirin Tor, Alliance forces, and the Silver Covenant to purge the Horde from Dalaran. After these events, Jaina pledged the Kirin Tor to the Alliance; for game purposes, Dalaran remains unchanged after the questline is completed.
Ignited by Jaina's fury, the Kirin Tor Offensive seek to seize Thunder Isle in the interest of the Alliance.
Warlords of Draenor
This section concerns content related to Warlords of Draenor.
The Kirin Tor's expedition into the alternate Draenor of thirty-five[41] years ago is led by Khadgar. Based at Zangarra in Talador, the Kirin Tor appears friendly to Alliance players and neutral to Horde players. Jaina has ordered all outsiders to Dalaran - especially the Horde - are not allowed on Kirin Tor grounds. Despite this, Khadgar says that as he is a member of the Council his friends - regardless of faction - are allowed in, and if Jaina has a problem with it she can take it up with him.[42] When Jaina arrives on Draenor, she expresses distaste that Khadgar allows the Horde to work with him at Zangarra. Jaina says the rest of the Council of Six would not approve and that she certainly does not.
The Kirin Tor were also responsible for maintaining a supply line between Draenor and Azeroth, but their holdout within the Everbloom, the Violet Bluff, was overgrown by Primals and most of its population infested. This turn of events nearly ended in a disaster, when the genesaur Yalnu crossed the mage portal into the Kirin Tor overlook above Stormwind, where he was stopped before he could muster his strength and infest the city or even worse.
Another Kirin Tor force, led by Modera, fights the forces of Socrethar and the Sargerei at Socrethar's Rise.
Kirin Tor mages accompanied Khadgar to the Hellfire Citadel and are seen at the entrance and at the site of the disabled Black Gate maintaining portals.
This section concerns content related to Legion.
During the battle for the Broken Shore, a squad of Kirin Tor Battle-Mages led by Jaina Proudmoore fought alongside King Varian Wrynn and Genn Greymane.
After the disastrous battle, Khadgar called for a vote to have the Horde return to Dalaran in order to have the Kirin Tor fight the Burning Legion at its utmost capability. Jaina was vehemently opposed, especially after the events of the Broken Shore, but she was outvoted in the Council of Six with only Ansirem Runeweaver voting "no" alongside her. Jaina left Dalaran and the Kirin Tor in anger and Khadgar became the council's replacement leader.[43] When the council next assembled, Kalecgos was seen as the sixth in Jaina's place.[44] The council later voted to allow Aethas Sunreaver back into Dalaran, although not as a member of the Six.[45]
Kesalon scoured the Broken Isles for anomalies and arcane artifacts.
The Kirin Tor also participated in the Nightfallen rebellion and supported the Armies of Legionfall.
After the Argus Campaign, several Kirin Tor mages were seen among the gathered crowd at the memorial ceremony at Lion's Rest in Stormwind City.
Organization and headquarters
Within the conclave, there is an inner council: the Six, whom are the actual rulers of the city.[46] This governing body appoints one of their own as Head of the Kirin Tor[10] (also known as Grand Magus of the Kirin Tor[47]); this master wizard[19] is essentially the ruler of Dalaran.[19]
The Kirin Tor's headquarters was the Violet Citadel, an impressive building so named for its stone walls which gave off a faint violet light. Separately, the conclave's senior council met in the Chamber of Air, a room with no visible walls — the gray stone floor with its central diamond symbol stood beneath an open sky that shifted and changed rapidly as if time was speeding past within the chamber.
Though primarily a human kingdom, the Kirin Tor has always housed a sizeable Thalassian minority. For over two thousand years, it was not uncommon for some of the long-lived elves to study and serve in Dalaran as well as Silvermoon. Relations were strained between the two magical kingdoms after the Third War (and further compounded by Silvermoon's alliance with the reformed Horde),[38] but the readmitted Sunreavers continued tradition somewhat until they were expelled from Dalaran. Most of the Kirin Tor's current high elf population is now part of the Silver Covenant, a militant wing of Kirin Tor defenders. The Kirin Tor also has gnomes, dwarves, goblins, and even a small handful of draenei in their ranks.
The gradual reintroduction of arcane magic into night elf society has in turn also slowly produced mages of that race. By the time Azeroth was ready to invade Tanaan Jungle on Draenor, night elf mages had joined the Kirin Tor, carrying out work such as maintaining a portal between Lion's Watch and Stormshield in Ashran.
Leaders of the Council of Six
- Antonidas - Killed in the Scourge invasion of Dalaran.
- Rhonin - Killed in the mana bomb explosion that destroyed Theramore.
- Jaina Proudmoore - Resigned in protest after the Horde was readmitted into Dalaran, shortly after the Battle for the Broken Shore.
- Khadgar - Current leader.
Aside from championing, Kirin Tor reputation can also be gained by completing Dungeon and Heroic Dungeon dailies, and Dalaran (cooking, jewelcrafting and fishing) dailies.
Most classes start at a neutral standing with the Kirin Tor. Mages, however, automatically start at friendly level with them. Because of this, it is possible for a mage to obtain the [Tabard of the Kirin Tor] at level 1.
When you reach exalted status with the Kirin Tor, the achievement The Kirin Tor is awarded.
|[Tabard of the Kirin Tor]
|[Helm of the Majestic Stag]
|25 80
|Leather Head
|[Lightblade Rivener]
|65 96 36
|[Shroud of Dedicated Research]
|19 86 36
|[Spaulders of Grounded Lightning]
|31 21 30
|Mail Shoulder
|[Flameheart Spell Scalpel]
|74 12 9
|[Girdle of the Warrior Magi]
|26 37 52
|Plate Waist
|[Mind-Expanding Leggings]
|37 86 93
|Leather Legs
|[Stave of Shrouded Mysteries]
|92 98 20
|[Boots of Twinkling Stars]
|46 13 26
|Mail Feet
|[Fireproven Gauntlets]
|36 5 39
|Plate Hands
|[Ghostflicker Waistband]
|25 42 75
|Leather Waist
|[Robes of Crackling Flame]
|40 53 90
|Cloth Chest
|[Design: Brilliant Scarlet Ruby]
|[Pattern: Sapphire Spellthread]
Being a collection of the greatest mages in the land, the Kirin Tor naturally has many members who have had significant effects on the history of Azeroth, including both great wizards and those who delved too deeply into necromancy, demonology, and other warlock magics.
|Allistarj (former)
|Former member of the Kirin Tor, enslaved by Razelikh the Defiler
|Maintained the Kirin Tor bestiaries
|Kirin Tor quartermaster
|Angela Dosantos (former)
|Leader of the Kirin Tor during the Second and Third Wars; killed by Arthas Menethil
|Nielas Aran
|Court conjurer of Stormwind, and archmage of the Kirin Tor, and Acolyte of the Order of Tirisfal.
|Deceased, Undead
|Gunther Arcanus (former)
|Thinking to be the only free undead, he's hiding in Gunther's Retreat.
|Member of the Order of Tirisfal; killed by demons
|Arugal (former)
|Former member of the Kirin Tor, responsible for summoning the Worgen; later turned to the Scourge
|Ataeric (former)
|Overseer of Ambermill
|Librarian Belleford
|Belmara (former)
|Abjurist of Kirin'Var Village, killed by Kael'thas' forces
|Charles Pratt
|An Arcane Reforger in the Undercity still serving the Kirin Tor.
|The Chooch
|Corla (former)
|Dathric (former)
|Battle-Mage of Kirin'Var Village, killed by Kael'thas' forces
|Dalar Dawnweaver (former)
|Requested tomes of elven history from Medivh's library
|Dieworth (former)
|Killed by Kael'thas' forces in Kirin'Var Village
|Former member of the Six
|Fabioso the Fabulous
|Emeline Fizzlefry
|Bitty Frostflinger
|Cohlien Frostweaver (former)
|Mage of Kirin'Var Village, killed by Kael'thas' forces
|Goldlilly Gleamingfell
|Fansy Goodbringer
|Grezla the Hag
|Khadgar's first instructor; killed by demons
|Bethor Iceshard (former)
|Killed by the Scourge, now a Forsaken.
|Current member of the Council of Six
|Linda Ann Kastinglow
|Kel'Thuzad (former)
|Member of the Six, turned to the Scourge
|Current leader of the Council of Six, Apprentice to Medivh, Supreme Commander of the Alliance Expedition, advisor to A'dal
|Kinndy Sparkshine
|Apprentice to Lady Jaina Proudmoore
|Chief Librarian of the Violet Citadel
|Former member of the Six, Consort of the Dragonqueen Alexstrasza
|Luminrath (former)
|Conjurer of Kirin'Var Village, killed by Kael'thas' forces
|The Magnificent Merleaux
|Joboba Mezbreaker
|Crafticus Mindbender
|Current member of the Council of Six
|Morran (former)
|Killed by Kael'thas' forces in Kirin'Var Village
|Naberius (former)
|Former apprentice to Archmage Vargoth, responsible for the undead ones in Kirin'Var Village
|John Nicholas
|Chief Artificer of the Violet Citadel
|Phin Odelic (former)
|Former mage of the Kirin Tor who once resided in Southshore, later became a worgen
|Jaina Proudmoore (Former)
|Former leader of the Kirin Tor, apprentice of Antonidas, former ruler of Theramore. Current whereabouts unknown.
|Kirin Tor Apprentice of Archmage Vargoth, who survived the explosion in Kirin'Var
|Thule Ravenclaw (former)
|Sold his soul to the Scourge, now ruling Fenris Keep.
|Leader of the Kirin Tor after Antonidas
|Grand Magister Rommath (former)
|Former Kirin Tor Archmage; cut ties after the Third War. Current Grand Magister of Quel'Thalas
|Ansirem Runeweaver
|Current member of the Council of Six, Archmage of the Kirin Tor
|Kirin Tor Mage
|Ulrik von Stromhearth
|Kat Sunflower
|Aethas Sunreaver
|Former member of the Council of Six; rejoined the Kirin Tor in Legion
|Kael'thas Sunstrider (former)
|Former member of the Six and Prince of Quel'Thalas, turned to the Illidari (and later the Burning Legion)
|Teronus III
|Thalen Songweaver(former)
|Horde Spy
|Thoder Windermere
|Kirin Tor Warmage
|Natalie Tootiblare
|Killed by the Scourge while defending Dalaran.
|Tari Cogg
|Amara Leeson
|Leader of Kirin'Var Village, in what is now Netherstorm in Outland. Can also be found in Dalaran, locked away in the mage tower.
|Whirt the All-Knowing
|Baroness Zildjia
|Undermage Kesalon
|Lady Baihu
|Underbelly Guard Captain
|Sorcerer Ashcrombe
|Investigator sent to Shadowfang Keep
|Kalynna Lathred (former)
|Former member of the Kirin Tor, living in Area 52
|Levia Laurence (former)
|Former member of the Kirin Tor
|Kallistia Starlance
|Searching for her parents in Azsuna, alongside her brother.
|Olothil Starlance
|Searching for his parents in Azsuna, alongside his sister.
NPC members of the Kirin Tor should also have the <Kirin Tor> title, or <The Kirin Tor> in some rare cases.
In the RPG
This section contains information from the Warcraft RPG which is considered non-canon.
It is made up of 120 members.[48] They are divided in several levels of importance and influence.
Beneath the ruling council are the archmagi, each of whom is given tasks as the council sees fit. Archmagi do not hold specific positions or responsibilities, beyond the general loyalty to the Kirin Tor and to the world, and the standing obligation to study new human magic whenever it appears. In reality, however, some archmagi have been given the same tasks so often they have essentially assumed responsibility for those jobs. Thus one archmage might be in charge of cataloging all wands, while another handles researching and cataloging all illusions. Several of them work to monitor and maintain the city's protective dome.[49]
Magi are the lowest members of the Kirin Tor and answer to the archmagi. Any archmage in the sect can issue orders to a mage, provided the instructions still fit within the organization's goals. As with archmagi, however, most magi settle into specific positions and tasks and work exclusively for one archmage. The ruling council can change this at any time but rarely does so, unless they feel a mage has become a problem in his current position, or if they need him for a different task. Most magi are allowed the freedom to pursue their tasks and studies in whatever manner they choose. Despite the fact that they are the lowest members in the hierarchy, many magi possess great power.[49]
Before the Scourge came, any human mage was welcome in Dalaran. They found peers and a place to stay and to work in peace. Magi with an eye for detail and a strong focus on research were offered membership in the Kirin Tor. This process could take anywhere from a few months to several years — the ruling council did not invite magi until it was sure of their abilities and allegiances. The Kirin Tor became even more cautious about admittance after Kel'Thuzad defected and took many other magi with him.[49]
Following the Third War, they were able to reclaim their city. They erected a glowing dome around the entire city, powerful enough to destroy anyone who touches it, while they worked to rebuild their fallen city.[48][49]
- The Kirin Tor possesses an Advanced Research and Illumination Sect, which Antonidas joined very young.[50]
- It was described as an elite cadre of the most powerful wizards in the known world.[51]
- While the Kirin Tor officially condemns torture, its members are not always opposed to using information obtained by others through it.[52]
- Members of the Kirin Tor have to know the flora and fauna of Azeroth for a variety of reasons, many of them dealing with survival.[53]
- A favored companion of Kirin Tor magi, the [Albino Snake] makes one wonder whether it's truly a snake or something else altogether.[54]
- The insignia of the Kirin Tor represents an eye. In the Underbelly of Dalaran there is an unofficial coin called the [Sightless Eye].
- In the canceled Warcraft Adventures, a bulletin board inside Durnholde Keep indicated that the Kirin Tor was recruiting, complete with a little drawing of a mage tower.
- In The Frozen Throne, Rexxar can get Drek'thar's Spellbook after finishing a quest. The book is filled with pages stolen from Kirin Tor mages that were slain in battle.
See also
- The Guardians of Tirisfal (part of the History of Warcraft)
- Quests that reward Kirin Tor reputation
- [The Kirin Tor]
- ^ [90] What Had To Be Done
- ^ Ultimate Visual Guide
- ^ Ultimate Visual Guide, Updated and Expanded
- ^ [100] Touch of the Kirin-Tor
- ^ [Spellbound Solium Band of the Kirin-Tor]
- ^ Warcraft III: Reign of Chaos Game Manual#A New Generation
- ^ [70] The Contact from Dalaran
- ^ Blood of the Highborne
- ^ Day of the Dragon
- ^ a b Warcraft III: Reign of Chaos Game Manual
- ^ Day of the Dragon
- ^ [100 - 110] City Under Siege
- ^ [90] What's in the Box?
- ^ Rise of the Lich King
- ^ [100 - 110] City Under Siege
- ^ The Guardians of Tirisfal
- ^ The First Guardian
- ^ The Seven Kingdoms
- ^ a b c Tides of Darkness
- ^ Warcraft II: Beyond the Dark Portal manual, The Aftermath of the Second War
- ^ Beyond the Dark Portal, pg. 24
- ^ Rise of the Lich King, pg. 79
- ^ The Warning
- ^ Jaina's Meeting
- ^ Rise of the Lich King, pg. 137
- ^ World of Warcraft: Chronicle Volume 3, pg. 64
- ^ The Siege of Dalaran (WC3 Undead)
- ^ Rise of the Lich King, pg. 252
- ^ The Dungeons of Dalaran
- ^ In the Shadow of the Sun
- ^ World of Warcraft: Chronicle Volume 3, pg. 90
- ^ The Well of Eternity, pg. 5
- ^ The Tomb of Sargeras
- ^ [35] Dalaran Patrols
- ^ [Belamoore's Research Journal]
- ^ Blizzard Entertainment 2015-10-23. Legion: Priest Artifact Review. Retrieved on 2015-11-08.
- ^ [98 - 110] The Light's Wrath
- ^ a b In the Shadow of the Sun
- ^ Mage (manga)
- ^ Jaina Proudmoore: Tides of War
- ^ Tom Chilton at BlizzCon 2013 "...to connect this world of Draenor of 35 years in the past..."
- ^ [94] Making Acquaintances
- ^ [100 - 110] Calling of the Council
- ^ [100 - 110] Author! Author!
- ^ [98 - 110] The Frozen Flame
- ^ Dawn of the Aspects
- ^ Antonidas Memorial
- ^ a b Alliance Player's Guide, pg. 154
- ^ a b c d Alliance Player's Guide, pg. 155
- ^ The Archmage Antonidas
- ^ Blood of the Highborne
- ^ [71] The Art of Persuasion
- ^ Dawn of the Aspects
- ^ [Albino Snake]
External links


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Page Count: 333
Copyright: April 3, 2012
Publisher: Sourcebooks Landmark
Book Summary:
(Taken from back cover)
In a time of Rasputin's magic and Romanov mystery, a young girl finds herself at the heart of the royal family.
She was an orphan, ushered into the royal palace on the prayers of her majesty. Yet, decades later, her time spent in the embrace of the Romanovs haunts her still. Is she responsible for those murderous events that changed everything?
If only she can find the heir, maybe she can put together the broken pieces of her own past - maybe she can hold on to the love she found.
Bursting to life with the rich and glorious marvels of Imperial Russia, The Last Romanov is a magical tale of second chances and royal blood.
Mandy's Review:
Should you read this book, I would like to make a recommendation: read the Author's Note in the back of the book first. Normally I wouldn't recommend this, but reading it gave me some insight to the story ... which I realized after I had already finished the novel.
I know historical fiction novels are often loosely based on actual events, but this one really drew from the Russian history during this time period. Apparently, there really was a royal family by the name of Romanov ... and their deaths were a mystery.
On July 18, 1991, it was announced that the remains of the Romanovs were discovered after 73 years. Their deaths remained unsolved. Approximately 1,000 bone fragments were exhumed. Only 9 of 11 skulls were discovered, though. It was determined that one of the missing skulls belonged to a Grand Duchess (Tsar Nicholas II's daughter) and the other belonged to Tsarevich Alexei. How did these two escape the executions the rest of the family experienced? Was there divine intervention? Was it a fluke? Thus begins the premise of The Last Romanov.
Ms. Mossanen deftly combines fact and fiction to create a magical world where forbidden love abounds, anarchists are welcomed at the royal palace, a past life is the key to this life's purpose, and magical abilities are necessary for the survival of the Tsarevich. Although a bit long, this is a beautiful story of one woman's dedication to her duty as Tyotia Dasha of the Romanov.
*A physical copy of the book was provided by Goldberg McDuffie in exchange for an honest review.


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A Comparison with Mallorca
Tenerife vs Mallorca
Whilst Mallorca remains an ever-popular winter/spring cycle training destination, for many professional and amateur riders, Tenerife has been steadily growing in popularity over recent years, as the cycling world wakes up to its fantastic offering.
It's hard to get the road miles in when it's consistently cold and wet outside, so, it's worth considering a few hard facts when selecting a warm weather training destination. Did you know, for example, that Tenerife shares the same latitude as California, whereas Mallorca is more or less on par with New York. A further comparison of average climate information (for February / March) paints a similar picture:
|Average DAILY temperature
|Average LOW Temperature
|Average Number of Rainy Days (per MONTH)
|Average Monthly Rainfall
|10 mm
|40 mm
|Maximum altitude
|3,718 m
|1,445 m
|Average sea water temperature
|Price of a cool beer
|1,20 €
|2,50 €
So in summary, here's why you should take a winter training break in Tenerife with TBT:
- • Tenerife is warmer and sunnier than mainland Europe & the Balearic Islands.
- • We have the highest mountain in Spain – El Teide – so you can sleep and train at altitude.
- • El Teide's 'Sea of Clouds' is a beautiful natural phenomenon – come and see for yourself!
- • Every ride features spectacular views – much better than looking at your garage wall on your turbo trainer!
- • The island is large enough to offer a great variety of riding environments, making each day a unique experience…..
- • ……but small enough that you're likely to bump into pro-riders, training or perhaps having coffee at a road-side cafe.
- • The road surfaces are mostly smooth and well-maintained – great for those long ascents and descents.
- • Local cuisine is some of the best in Spain – we guarantee you will love Mama's paella!
- • Tenerife is an incredibly friendly island, just waiting to welcome you.
If you still need convincing, consider 3 simple questions…….
Q1: In how many places in Europe can you ride at over 2,000m?
A1: Of course there are many places – Alps, Dolomites, Pyrenees etc.
Q2: But in how many of those places is it possible to ride from sea-level to 2,350m in a continuous 40km route?
A2: That probably narrows it down to only a few places, but Tenerife makes that short-list.
Q3: In how many of those few places can you ride at this altitude during all 12 months of the year?
A3: The is only one place and by now you should be able to guess where!


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|What Kalipay Stands For
Children are gifts to families. Born to families with both resilience and vulnerability, they are entitled to have their basic needs provided. But taking care of these children goes beyond just providing their needs. Taking care of these children also includes creating a safe environment for them to grow up in; an environment where they can enjoy their childhood and learn how the world works until they can become fully-functioning members of the society.


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At our 2015 Dublin Rippers quilting retreat, my friend Donna challenged us. She had a black plastic bag full of fabric. We had to close our eyes and reach into the bag. We had until the next year's retreat to make something from the fabric we drew from the bag. She said we could make anything we wanted. It didn't have to be a quilt.
My fabric was a tiny print that gave an overall impression of a kind of pinkish gray. It reminded me of the night sky.
Weren't there a couple of yellow and white doilies in my collection at home that might make good comets? I went home to my doily collection and, yes! There they were.
To get an idea of scale, I photographed the doilies and the gray fabric, plus some yellow fabrics that I planned to use for the comet tails. I used Adobe Photoshop Elements to digitally build the wall hanging, cutting and pasting the images of doilies and fabric.
I put several stars in the sky, just to give me an idea of how they would look. In the real wall hanging, I would use more stars and they would be a lot fancier. And I'd sew on a bunch of buttons as smaller stars.
Photoshop Elements has a click-and-drag tool for drawing boxes and circles and, hey—stars! I clicked on the star shape and dragged the first one. It was black, because that was the last color I had used. I changed the color, and the next stars were yellow.
The sketch was pretty rough, but it served its purpose. I could tell that the quilt would have to be about five feet wide to give the doily comets and their tails enough room. The horizon and a few houses gave me an idea of proportions between sky and earth.
I started laying out the quilt top, stopping only to buy a length of fabric to go between the dark earth and the lighter sky. As I worked and laid out the doilies and houses and moon, I got a feeling. It was definitely located in my chest. It was a feeling of inevitability that seemed to squeeze my heart.
The feeling was that the sketch might be rough, but it was perfect the way it was. Any attempt on my part to fancy things up, would not make the finished product look any better. As I worked I came to know this without a doubt.
So the quilt is as close to the sketch as possible. I did fancy up the comet tails with buttons and beads, but the sky is plain, except for the appliqued stars, including a black one.
The back is made from scraps, many of which were giveaways from my quilting friends. It is quilted in mostly parallel, curving lines. That took a long time.
This was my first mostly-fabric quilt with raw-edge applique and very simple piecing, and I learned a lot. It is also the biggest quilt I have made so far.
Crochet Comets is on display at the Rocky Mountain Quilt Museum in Golden, Colorado, until April 23, 2017. Starting July 1, it will be part of the Celebrate Doilies! exhibit, making its debut in Stephenville, Texas, at the Cross Timbers Fine Arts Council River North Gallery. (Details here.)


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'I told Idi Amin his fake VC made him look like a fool'
She began by typing the letters and straightening the stamps on the envelopes but soon became involved in the planning of church services, receptions, tea parties and meetings with the Royal Family for the biennial reunions. Gradually she demonstrated her administrative skills by tactfully carrying out the withdrawal of the earlier Albert and Edward Medals for gallantry and the smooth translation of their 160 holders to the George Cross, which brought the association's membership briefly to 400.
After two years she left to remarry and become a farmer's wife, but was never forgotten. When trouble was brewing over the Asian community in newly independent Uganda, her second husband, Major Iain Grahame, was asked by the Foreign Office to make a series of visits to Idi Amin, his former sergeant in the Uganda Rifles; on one occasion Didy went too.
When she was introduced to President Amin she showed her mettle by promptly telling him to remove the fake VC from his chest, saying it made him look a fool. The assembled company went grey. But he took it off and never wore it again. Later Amin asked Didy if she was sometimes afraid of her husband, because he was.
After some years helping her husband to start the World Pheasant Association, run bird watching safaris in East Africa and build up a bookselling business, she returned to the association's office in Admiralty Arch as the secretary. There was much more to do, thanks to improved communications, in maintaining contact with overseas members, liaising with Buckingham Palace, departments of state, the armed forces and Commonwealth governments. But it became clear that the job required much more in the modern world.
The VC and the GC may be the most prestigious gallantry medals in the world but the recipients receive no great benefits apart from the chance to ride in the RAF aircraft which used to collect overseas members from around the world for the reunion. (Today the holders have to travel on commercial airliners.)
They come from very different cultures in a group whose ages currently range from 27 to 99. Those from the dominions can fit seamlessly into London life, first timers need to be shown what to do when they meet the Queen, encounter the Press and face crowds. For many, Didy has seemed a fairy godmother with her ravishing smile and soft, assuring voice and ability to make friends instantly. She can cope with any emergency, share a joke or offer sympathy; though officials who have worked with her note steel beneath the surface if she feels her friends – as they all are – have been insulted, ignored or forced to do things of which they disapprove. A few, who have been bruised crossing swords with her, say she is a dragon lady. Robert Fellowes, the Queen's former private secretary, has tactfully commented: "A happy Didy. A happy Robert".
While pacifist journalists are not so common these days, she still encounters those who come to her inadequately briefed; and politicians have been known to try to push their way into events. Three years ago when an Australian inquiry was considering the possibility of making retrospective awards for actions in the First and Second World Wars, Didy submitted a judicious paper pointing out that although the VC-GC Association played no part in the selection process she advised there was a risk of witnesses' memories dimming with age and therefore risking the standard for the VC. In addition she had to be on the lookout for commercial encroachment, similar to when the English Rugby Union unwisely incorporated VC images logo their team shirt without any consultation.
Above all, she has memories. She remembers the time the Royal party was sweeping past 44 GCs on a state visit to Malta – until she drew attention to them with a significant glance to the Queen; and when the Australian VC, Sir Roden [sic] Cutler, rose to introduce his fellow members to her at the Royal Tournament only to find his metal leg had suddenly come loose. There was the time she received a call in the office, saying an Australian member had just died over India when the plane was carrying the party home from a reunion. Luckily Keith Payne, who won the VC in Vietnam, came up with a practical suggestion: the body was to be made upright for easier removal as rigor mortis set in, then placed in a lavatory guarded by a steward. And there was the time when she introduced New York firemen who had fought the twin towers conflagration to Harry Errington, GC. He held them enraptured describing how the Auxiliary Fire Service coped with the Blitz in 1940.
Having known her beloved charges so long she knows what drives them. "The extraordinary thing is the way the experience of cheating death gives a huge feeling of humility," she says. "The members tend to be perfectionists, tidy, or at least well-ordered, aware of what is going on in the world and living their lives to the full whatever their age. They are happy to do whatever they are asked – until they see some injustice. And several have said to me: 'If I had not won the award I could have ended up in prison. But it put me on the straight and narrow. One doesn't want to let others down.'
"They have an inner quality which doesn't need to show off or throw their weight around in any way. Seventy-five per cent of those I've known were the responsible child of an early widowed mother or the eldest in a large family, which meant they spent their whole childhood looking after their siblings".
When she went back to the association in 1981 it was clear that the previous inglorious decade had sharpened the public's appreciation of its heroes, particularly when Colonel H Jones and Sergeant Ian McKay were awarded posthumous VCs for the Falklands war. Since then a long queue of anniversaries have needed the association's participation. VE Day, VJ Day, the Queen Mother's 100th birthday and funeral, the 60th anniversary of the Queen's coronation; all could not possibly be celebrated without the presence of the association's members.
As many of the Second World War generation aged, with newspaper stories appearing about some having to eke out their last days before dying in straitened circumstances, Didy started to visit them. On a visit to Harare in 2002 she rapped the knuckles of the British High Commission by suggesting that Captain Gerard Norton, who had won a VC in Italy in 1944, should come to a lunch at the British High Commission: he had never been invited before.
But while for long much of her activity involved funerals and memorial services, new awards stemming from the Blair wars led to significant change. Aged 18, Trooper Chris Finney earned a GC in Iraq in 2003 after rescuing a comrade from one burning vehicle and trying to rescue another while wounded himself; afterwards he faced a roar of publicity far fiercer than any before. Such younger recipients meant Didy underwent new experiences, meeting a new kind of award-holder who might have a different girl on his arm each time, and finding herself drawn into their weddings, babies and divorces while counselling them on the responsibilities of fame and career changes.
In recent years she has also played important roles in getting published a three-volume authoritative account of all VCs and GCs and the unveiling of the memorial to holders at a ceremony attended by their descendants at Westminster Abbey. She has helped to create a benevolent fund to provide for the restoration of graves, and invited widows to be involved in the charitable work of the association.
After finally handing over to an able successor a month ago, Didy claims to be resting at the moment, though she still has much to do as a board member of several different charities. But as a private individual at last she is focusing her attention now on the extraordinary small number of civilians being recognised for brave actions while the military and police service have well practised procedures making recommendations. "The system needs to be rebooted," she says. And no doubt she will play an important part in achieving that.


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- Holocaust Remembrance Shabbat Potluck (Shabbatluck?) FRIDAY off-campus in Olympic Heights Cabana, off Kenyon St. 6:30pm Candlelighting time. #
- Kosher dairy or pareve dishes only, thx. #
- @rebecca_cohen I'm wondering about good Twitter apps for iPhone myself. Found anything good? in reply to rebecca_cohen #
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United States Air Force Officer Blue Coat. 55% Polyester/45% Wool.The Jacket consists of a three-button, pocketless coat. The Jacket is in Air Force Shade 1620 ("Air Force Blue").It has complete lining in the inside and is certified to meet or Exceed Air Force specifications.This page is only for the Jacket. Ties, trousers, belts, braids and all the accessories mounted, as shown on the pictures are sold separately.
Per the stringent Military Specifications we follow to manufacture our uniforms, military dress Jackets are designed with longer sleeves than most customers would need. This is to accomodate various sleeve lenghts.Virtually all customers would need to alter the Jacket sleeves. As such, to reduce your alteration costs, this dress Jackets ships with unfinished sleeves. We do offer sleeve alteration services that will be suggested to you as soon as you add the Jacket to your shopping cart, should you prefer to have us do the alteration for you and ship the Jacket ready to wear.


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"Being a user of APS accounting software, Apxium has delivered numerous efficiencies to our firm, particularly in the administration of receivables. Throughout our relationship with Apxium, we have been extremely happy with their level of service, the consultative nature they have worked with our business and their ability to provide innovate solutions"
Richard Dixon, Manager
Pitcher Partners, Adelaide
"Apxium has brought a great deal of efficiency to our invoicing and accounts processes. The system communications, along with the ease of client payment have seen our business enjoy a significant reduction in debtor days that has now stabilised at a much lower level. This along with the automatic receipting, as well as the automatic journaling into Xero has allowed us to redeploy staff from chasing debtors to other functions within the business. I would highly recommend Apxium to other accounting practices"
Manish Sundarjee, Executive Director
Kidmans Partners
"We have been using Apxium since 2015 and the system is really impressive. Apxium has caused a debt collection role in our business to become redundant, as well as driving a dramatic reduction in our debtor days. The team are great to deal with and always helpful"
Chris Bray, Director
Bray Chan
"We are a growing firm looking for technology solutions to provide efficiencies within our business, while, more importantly, delivering an enhanced client experience.We are delighted with the Apxium system as it gives us the best of both worlds!"
Tom Carr, Director
"Apxium has revolutionised the way we liaise with, and collect from, debtors. Quick to implement, exceptionally easy to use and most importantly, client friendly.
Vanessa Latta, Marketing and Administration Manager
MBA Partnership
Donec faucibus laoreet augue vitae eleifend. Mauris porta elit ac erat sagittis ultrices. Ut mattis viverra rutrum. Praesent vitae sagittis magna. Vestibulum vel mi et ex commodo sagittis non vitae leo. Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus. In ut ante eu lorem ultricies ornare sit amet quis lacus. Nulla lacinia mi nec aliquet placerat. Donec id felis id dolor fringilla commodo.


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Susan Sarandon comes out at a film festival and calls our German Shepherd a Nazi.
Words can't describe what I want so say, so I'll just print the excerpt from The Hollywood Reporter:
Sarandon was interviewed by Bob Balaban at the Bay Street Theatre in Sag Harbor on Saturday. She said she sent the pope a copy of the anti death penalty book, Dead Man Walking, authored by Sister Helen Prejean. Sarandon starred in the 1995 big-screen adaptation.
"The last one," she said, "not this Nazi one we have now."
Tofu anyone, while trying to digest the latest from Hollywood?


text:
Pre washed sweat shirts with blanket stitch
around all openings. In sizes small to 2X, and choice of
colors ; deep red, green, white, khaki, and navy.
Appliqués & stitching will vary in color.
$30.00 ea.
+$3.20 s&h (in U.S.A.)
If you would like to place an ONLINE ORDER now then click here.
Credit Cards (Mastercard, and VISA) are welcome. We also accept Checks, Money Orders, and Cashier's Checks.
Our online order form is also arranged so, you can have us ship the item to a different location for you as a gift. This can even be done annonymously.
Just click on ONLINE ORDER to place your order now and have it emailed to us.


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Are you Smarter than a 10 year old?
January is, in my book, a month when you shouldn't be doing anything more taxing than curling up on the sofa, under a blanket, and watching copious amounts of telly. But for poor Flea, it's exam season. This September, Flea is going to be going up to secondary school. Don't…View Post


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Hey everyone today I have another Dollie Challenge for you... it is a sketch challenge....Hooray. Below is a pic of the sketch and my take on it. I just love all of Kristy's sketches.... they leave room for our own creativity. This challenge is due Aug. 11th and dont forget about the tri-factor (basically one layout that meets all the challenge requirements for that week). Good Luck and I cant wait to see your layouts.
I will post a pic of the prize as soon as it posts to the Dollies blog.... I bet you cant wait to see what it is.....I sure cant!
Thursday, August 5, 2010
Design Dollies Sketch Challenge Due Aug 11th
2 comments:
Hi there Nicole Brenna!ReplyDelete
Thank you so much for following my blog and joining my blogcandy. Just a little thing....the picture in your sidebar is not the one of my candy, could you please change that? thank you;-)
Oh and before I totally forget...I love your Lay Out, it's really cheerful, sweet and fun!
Oh I just love this one!!! So pretty and that banner is gorgeous!!!!!!!!!ReplyDelete
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