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Confetti, dancers, music and fantasy - these are the main ingredients that define Rio's Carnival.
The Rio Carnival is a four day festival which takes place every year forty days before Easter. At its origins, the Carnival was a revolutionary form of slave expression. Now, it has become the expression of appeasement between the social classes; it represents a moment of freedom and release. Nowadays, the Carnival expresses the culture, history, music, and images of Brazil.
The event and the parade which takes place in Rio de Janeiro is the most famous and richest Carnival in Brazil. A million tourists join millions of Rio de Janeiro residents and the whole city shuts down for a wild the Carnival has been first celebrated in 1723, when the immigrants from the Portuguese Islands of Azore and Madeira brought the 'Entrudo' spring festival tradition to Brazil. At first, the African-American slaves were celebrating in the streets, throwing with eggs and dirty water, while wealthier families were staying in their homes.
At that time, 'Entrudo' was avoided by the wealthy families and threatened by the authorities. 'Entrudo' seemed to have all the necessary ingredients for a revolution, in a society based on slave exploitation.
Things started to take a better turn in 1932. Marion Rodriguez Filho, the owner of the first sports newspaper in the world launched a competition of the Carnival, which brought better organization and rules. By the end of the 18th century, the competitions became the main attractions of the Carnival in Rio de Janeiro. People would not just dress up in costumes but also perform a parade accompanied by an orchestra of strings, drums and other instruments.
The Africans have influenced the Carnival with the introduction of samba music in 1917. Samba is now considered traditional Brazilian music. Samba music at street parades influenced the appearance of samba schools in Rio de Janeiro. The samba schools participate in a pageant for the Samba Parade.
They have to pick up themes, write music and lyrics, and they make costumes and floats and practice all year around to succeed in the Parade. Each samba school represents a neighborhood. Each school has eighty minutes to show its moves and to impress the jury which consists of 40 members. The jury evaluates the costumes, the themes and the songs.
However, despite all the joy the Carnival provides, the party also has a somber tinge. Every year, as the crowds fill the streets of Rio, many people pass out under the summer heat. Annually, the police arrests about 100 partygoers for minor crimes and in 2013 a nightclub fire killed 238 people.
On the Carnival the Rio metro runs 24 hours a day instead of closing at midnight, however, it is unable to handle peak traffic. If you go to the downtown (where the parade takes place) by tube, you have to be careful which station you exit, otherwise you will have to walk even a mile to reach the sector you want in the Sambodromo (a building made especially to guest the samba schools parade). Going by bus can also prove to be a real challenge as many people are drunk and prone to vandalism. There's always a third option- you can take a cab!
However, do not imagine that this is a safe experience. Many taxi drivers don't start the meter and you end up paying very much. Whichever means of transport you choose, there will be delays, frustrations, chaos and scrimmage.
In order to prevent vandalism, military police, traffic coordinators and municipal guards have become a usual sight to see during the festival. As the violence grows with every passing year, in 2013 the authorities have put, for the first time, fences around monuments and decorative plants.
One out of four tourists states that the urban sanitation is a negative aspect of the Rio Carnival festivities. The samba parades gather 2.2 million people, packed shoulder to shoulder in 95 degrees Fahrenheit.
Dancing and singing sound just fine for a festival. But what about drinking? Not only does it lead to violence, but what gets in must get out as well… There were years in which 800 men and women were arrested for public urination. While you could see a beer stand at every 2 or 3 feet, there were only 400 toilets for dozens of blocks, one for every 5,500 reveler. Moreover, if all the revelers used the toilets, they would overflow. As a result, the streets smell of urine weeks after the event.
Each year, the Sambodromo becomes a chaos of spectators, costumed participants, traffic, and logistical nightmares. As the seats are not numbered, the rule is 'first come first sit'. The tourist section is an exception; it is numbered and has assigned seating. A seat in the tourist sector costs around $ 471. The seats are made of cement, which can reach very high temperatures in the afternoon Brazilian sun.
From an economic point of view, although the Carnival attracted in 2013 about 850,000 visitors, who contributed with $628 million to the state, costs are also very high, as the locals attend the events instead of going to work.
All in all, the Rio Carnival is emblematic for its country. Having both positive and negative aspects, the Carnival is an important social and economical event that brings people together, breaking all social boundaries.


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Dancemeditation Winter Intensive
Midwinter restoration & renewal with Dunya
The Dancemeditation Winter Intensive is perfect opportunity to experience the breadth and depth of Dancemeditation, particularly if you are considering enrolling in the Intensive Training Program & Teacher Certification.
The five day training offers in-depth experience of healing, enlivening, inspiring, authentically convivial Dervish Dancemeditation. The retreat is worth a month of vacation. Numerous studies extol the benefits of meditation and movement and art—and Dancemeditation is all three in one—for mental clarity, stress reduction, immune support, lowering of blood pressure, reducing inflammatory conditions and more. Come shake off winter sloth and feel alive!
2013 Training Syllabus
Our bodies are very bright, very smart. By delving into them, we cut through the crust of harried surface worries and move inside our Huge Intelligence. Body speaks to us from the flow of our most Original self. Dervish Dancemeditation combines curvilinear motion, vibration, whirling, and other naturally resonant movement motifs with continual breath awareness to connect our body's inner and outer space and ignite our spiritual heart. By bringing attention over and over to what we are doing in the present moment, we become aware of our bodies, our emotions, our sensations, our energy, and at length, more aware of awareness itself.
Beginning the sessions with breathing and slow movement to a rich tapestry of music, Dunya will guide you through specific progressions designed to shift awareness into a receptive state. She'll then introduce her signature work:
• Rocking Array to unlock frozen and frightened body parts.
• Spinal Spiral & Wave, a sensorial exploration of the central body stem
• Vibration, to energize organs and tissues, trigger the pelvic & thoracic voices
• Iconic Veil, a versatile tool for conversation with space and personal narrative
• Compassionate Witness, observing and being observed without judgement
• Whirling, the Sufis premier energetic clearing and alignment practice
These techniques activate and honor our body's intelligence, free us from habitual internal patterns, and increase our awareness of embodied present-ness. Movement process is interspersed with periods of rest to allow integration. There will time for reflective writing as well as questions for and explanations from Dunya.
This seminar is for those who wish revitalization, a deeper relationship with the body, a more sensual, intuitive connection to movement and to breathing, and an experience of the Dervish Way of embodied mysticism.
Participants will leave with a a refined, embodied concentration, self-sustaining vitality, a settled mind, and an awakened heart. This is a rare opportunity to experience healing movement system, Dervish Dancemeditation, with acclaimed authority, living Sufi master and meditative leader, Dunya McPherson, Principal Teacher and Director of Dervish Society of America.
©2013 Dunya Dianne McPherson
All materials presented within the training are for the participant practitioner's use only. Kindly do not share without permission. Thank you!
2013 Accommodation and Movement Space
Our Movement Space
Cape Cod Dance Center housed in a former Grange Hall has been our Dancemeditation home for over 15 years. The old, simple building has timeless grace and springy wood floors than never slam your spine.
Saturday through Wednesday, Noon to 6pm
(We'll take a short break mid-session for a light repast.)
Beach in winter? Yes! Put on your winter coat and walk beside the crashing waves, then come sit in the cozy lounge with a cup of hot cider or tea. We are partnering with the Sea Crest Beach Hotel to offer truly exquisite accommodation. The hotel sits right on the wide beach facing the ocean. The atmosphere of this land is contemplative, being on the edge of the world, made of fragile, shifting sands. The Cape has been, since human habitation, a place of rest and renewal, seeking and evolving, sacredness and respite. It is magical in winter
Sea Crest Beach Hotel has offered us the astonishing low rate of $79 per night, single or double occupancy. (Share a room and pay only $40 per night for a luxurious oceanside room which books at $200 in summer!!!) All rooms have small refrigerator, coffeemaker, flat screen tv, Wifi. More about amenities.
The Hotel restaurant is open for all meals. Both hotel and studio are in the hamlet of Cataumet, adjacent to Falmouth and Woods Hole with their charming main streets and eateries.
Take a look ate the menus of the two spots beside the Cape Cod Dancem Center:
The Daily Brew Coffeehouse (open til 3pm)
The Courtyard Resturant & Pub
Cataumet offers the benefit of being within reach of New York, Boston, and Providence—all three just driving distance away. Boston's Logan International Airport and Providence's T.F. Green International Airport are both a little longer than an hour's commute.
– From Metropolitan Boston Area
Southeast Expressway to Route 3. Take Exit 1A to Route 6 West. Take first exit at Bourne Bridge rotary to Route 28 (Falmouth and the Islands), to Bourne Bridge over Cape Cod Canal.
– From Points North
Take Interstate 495 to Route 25 East to Bourne Bridge over Cape Cod Canal.
– From Providence and New York
Interstate 95 to Providence, Interstate 195 East from Providence to Route 25 East to Bourne Bridge over Cape Cod Canal*.
– From Bourne Bridge & Cape Cod Canal
Route 28 Falmouth and the Islands to Route 151 exit, left at bottom of exit ramp, left at first traffic signal (Route 28A South) one mile to rotary, take first exit onto Shore Road, then 1.5 miles to Sea Crest Beach Hotel.
Train to Boston South Station. Then Peter Pan Bus to Falmouth. Short cab ride to Sea Crest Hotel.
– Peter Pan Bus Lines to Falmouth. Short cab ride to Sea Crest Hotel or space.
– From NYC, cheapest way –> take the Fung Wah or Lucky Star bus from Chinatown to Boston South Station for $15; take Peter Pan Bus from South Station to Falmouth.
Fly into Boston's Logan International Airport or Providence's T.F. Green International Airport and rent a car.
From Logan airport, you can take a bus (Peter Pan Bus Lines) to Falmouth and a cab to Sea Crest Beach Hotel or CCDance Center.
* Cancellation and tax-deduction:
Your tuition payment is to DSA. In the event that you are unable to attend and have paid nonrefundable tuition, you can still use your payment as a tax deduction. Would you be interested in dedicating your payment? It can be used as scholarship (we will choose the recipient) or towards the Ravenrock Dancemeditation Sanctuary building fund. Please let us know.
2013 Sign Up
$380 Full 5-day program
$230 3-day Weekend (Sa Su Mon – President's Day Weekend)
$80 Single day
Contact: firstname.lastname@example.com
Dancemeditation™ is a program of the Dervish Society of America (DSA), a nonprofit registered 501-C3 organization dedicated to the path of evolutionary Sufism. DSA provides opportunities for personal development, exploratory inquiry into embodied spirituality, and community connection through practice, service, and performance. Donations are tax-deductible.

subset: commoncrawl


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Protests against Enzen Global Solutions (NGS), a private company engaged by Cesu to provide electricity-related services to consumers in Dhenkanal and Angul districts, have refused to die down. Locals on 19-01-2013 and 20-01-2013 ransacked the office of Enzen at Angul in protest against the entry of the company to electricity services. They have even threatened not to allow any political leader or minister into the two districts until the agreement signed between Cesu and Enzen is cancelled.
The Cesu had inked a pact with the NGS entrusting the latter with works like maintenance of low transmission (LT) line, meter-reading, vigilance to check power pilferage and bill collection in Dhenkanal electric circle. The circle consists of Dhenkanal, Angul and Talcher electrical divisions.
However, both the Cesu and the NGS faced stiff resistance from people of both Angul and Dhenkanal districts since November 1, 2012. They alleged the company started collecting electricity bills from the consumers without developing infrastructure.
Besides two districts are facing six to eight hours of power cuts every day, alleged Somanatha Rout, an activist. Naba Kishore Guru, president of Dhenkanal Bar Association, said, "Our demand is genuine and we will continue our agitation till the company leaves Dhenkanal."
Executive engineer, Cesu (Dhenkanal) Jitendra Kumar Patra told TOI, "We have put forth their demand to the state government. The government only can take a decision in this regard." Contacted, manager of NGS refused to say anything on the issue.
Source - Times of India


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There are 248 rooms, colorfully decorated and equipped with Individually controlled air conditioning - Private shower and toilet (bathtub in the Superior Rooms) - Twin beds (2x2 in Family Duplex) - Minibar - Hair Dryer - International direct dialing telephone - Television (with DVD channel and radio) - Individual safe.
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There are some great apps out there you can use now to send payments to friends, family or anyone. In this article four applications are reviewed for their simplicity and ease of use. Read on to see how Venmo, Google Wallet, Square Cash, and Paypal rated in this growing area of person-to-person payments.
What's the best way to get your money back? WSJ Personal Technology columnist Joanna Stern tests the most popular money exchange apps.
"Just Venmo me," my best friend's kid sister nonchalantly said, when I asked where to send the check for my share of the bachelorette weekend in Newport, R.I. I did as she said, hoping she didn't pick up on the fact that this longtime tech journalist still defaults to writing a check and putting it in the mail at times like this.
I pulled up the payment-exchange app on my iPhone, punched in my debit-card number and typed in a quick "To Julie, $286 for such a fun weekend" and hit send. Even before I had returned home to begin the recovery process, the money was in her Venmo account, ready to be cashed out into her bank account, or used for another payment.
Venmo is one of many apps aiming to make it easier to instantly pay or get paid by friends. And as I learned on that trip, it is quickly becoming a verb among the younger set, mostly because of its social features. Yes, even our private financial transactions are going the way of Instagram with likes and comments. Venmo can be surprisingly fun and convenient, though after testing the apps, I found Square Cash to be faster and easier to use.
The differences between the services become apparent once you start spending. Venmo, which is owned by Braintree, a PayPal unit, is all about turning your transactions into public status updates. If you grant it permission, the app will use your phone's address book or Facebook account to find friends on the service. But sending money or requesting money from a friend is only part of it.
Read the original and complete article from The Wall Street Journal


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JasminFIRE aka charly Is a
string arranger, live performer, and exhibiting visual artist.
The Ayes Have It, dir. Savanah Leaf
FLUX Screening Series
the Hammer Museum, LA
featured solo violin performance
BEYCHELLA, Coachella
violinist and live performer for Beyonce
J Cole, K.O.D. album (certified platinum)
vocalist, violin / viola performer, string arranger
JASMINFIRE is born 🔥
J Cole, For Your Eyez Only arena tour (USA)
lead violinist, string arranger, performer
J Cole, For Your Eyez Only album (certified platinum)
co-production, lead string arranger & performer
Austin Chamber Music Fest, Austin TX
billed performer, master class teacher
Ringling Museum of Art, Sarasota FL
billed vocal & violin performance
The Cube @ Marjorie S Fisher Music Center, Detroit
Classical Roots Celebration
CHARLY & CHILL, solo exhibit and residency
at Catinca Tabacaru Gallery in LES, NY
paintings and musical installations for 1 month
C'mon Everybody BK artist residency, Brooklyn NY
curated performances every Tuesday for 1 month
The Roots Picnic NYC, Manhattan NY
billed performer (vocalist & violinist)
Atlanta Jazz Festival, ATL GA
billed performer
BAM Kids! music presentation, Brooklyn NY
two 1-hr interactive sets for children at the Brooklyn Academy of Arts
NYFW SS2017: Mara Hoffman, NYC
curated acoustic performance
University of Maryland
Oberlin College
Johnson State College
special guest performance, original compositions
KIA x NY Times x Fake Love, DUMBO NY
sound installation featuring Charlissimo's original composition, "Lullaby"
Michelle Obama Reach Higher Fashion Education Workshop x CDFA, Washington DC
guest performer, styled by Thom Browne
MoMA NY, permanent Picasso installation
(opening night)
curated acoustic performance
Perez Art Museum Miami
PopLife Social Concert Series
billed performer, vocals & violin
Isabel Stewart Gardener Museum
Calderwell Hall presentation, Boston MA
4-story music and performance art installation
Cedar Lake Contemporary Ballet
performance & music collaboration installation
PULSE Art Fair
exhibition and performance art
Lincoln Center Out of Doors Concert Series, NYC
billed performer
Noel Pointer Youth Orchestra Foundation
20th Year celebration
transcription of original composition for students, special performance with NP Youth Orchestra
Winter Jazz Fest, Manhattan NY
featured performer
Lil Raggamuffin Creative Arts Summer Camp,
Blue Mountains JA
music educator
J Cole, 2014 Forest Hills Drive album (certified platinum, grammy nominated)
string arranger & performer
Schoolboy Q, Oxymoron album (certified platinum, grammy nominated )
string arranger & performer
Jordan Brand 30th yr Celebration, Paris FR
special guest performer
March Pour Le Climat
Peoples' March for Climate, Paris FR
featured performer
SELF TIMER duo show with Kwesi Abbensetts
painting + photography exhibit, live performance
Brooklyn Fireproof
Opening Ceremony SS2015 Presentation
featured performer
Lil Raggamuffin Creative Arts Summer Camp,
Blue Mountains JA
music educator
Kendrick Lamar, Good Kid m.a.a.d. City album (certified platinum, grammy nominated for best hip hop album)
"Bitch Don't Kill My Vibe" (song of the year)
string composer for featured arrangement
Risa Jaroslow & Dancers at La Mama Theater, Chinatown NYC
performance & music collaboration installation


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|Presenter: Dr. Ron Kaminer
|Credits: 1 CEU
|Release Date: 5/10/16
|CE Supporter: Ceramir (Doxa Dental)
|Reviewed: 2019 Expiration Date: 5/10/22
The forever staple in most dental practices, crown and bridge is facing a myriad of changes. New technologies such as lasers and digital impression devices are impacting day to day treatment and streamlining the patient experience. Zirconia and lithium disilicate have penetrated the market and newer bio active cements improve the predictability and long term results of these restorations. During this fast paced hour, we will touch on all of these topics and more. It will be a CE webinar you won't want to miss!


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inventory gains and massive expansion of stores, has become the burden of major brands, "normally, on the number of stores [url=http://www.storeauk.com/adidas-js-wings-20-c-13/]adidas js wings 2.0 uk[/url] ranging from 6000 to 7,000 is enough coverage of the 80% market. "This person said.
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No bottom line price wars so that companies sometimes had to close to zero profit to quickly push the goods, becoming a "tail for survival" had to move. Anta 2012 a new casual men's shoes as an example, the store sold for 239 dollars, while in cat Mall, 155 Yuan for purchase price, equivalent to hit 60 percent.Also have the enterprise to control the formation of new [url=http://www.storeauk.com/adidas-basket-profi-c-30/]adidas basket profi low uk[/url] inventory, establish stores and discount stores, and gradually increase the intensity of control over the sale. However, the stores share the larger means that operating costs higher, requires companies to have a more secure level of cash flow to cover operating expenses.


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One of my favourite New Testament scholars is without a doubt Donald A. Hagner, emeritus professor of New Testament from Fuller, and a regular visitor here in Cambridge. Last year I had the privilege of having several engaging discussions with him about the resurrection of the body here at Tyndale House. I was surprised and excited to read his new article: "The Resurrection of the Body in the New Testament," published in Australian Biblical Review [ABR 59 (2011) 64-80].
What strikes me in his article is how he captures the modern disregard for the human body:
"... we watch gratuitous violence and killing on television dramas where the more killing per 12-minute segment the better. Our children play computer games where the goal is to kill as many as possible. All this reflect how neo-gnostic our culture has become. The death of the body does not matter very much because of the popular conviction that the soul is immortal. The real person is the soul; therefore the body is finally unimportant, dispensable, and even despised" (64).
When it comes to how the New Testament sees Jesus' resurrection, Hagner's interpretation of the empty tomb and the foundational importance of his bodily resurrection is striking:
"It is of the greatest importance to be clear on the fact that Jesus was resurrected bodily. The tomb was empty because the body of Jesus had been raised. Any idea of a tomb still containing the body of Jesus is totally incompatible with the New Testament evidence and proclamation. The appearances of the resurrected Jesus were not merely subjective visions. Those who witnessed the resurrection appearances saw Jesus in a literal body. The objective reality of the bodily resurrection of Jesus as a space-time event is fundamental to Christianity. It serves as the vindication of all that he said and did, including his personal claims. It also serves as the guarantee of the future. No other explanations will suffice. The bodily resurrection of Jesus alone provides the only compelling explanation of the transformation of the disciples and only it can account for the origin of Christianity and the growth of the church" (68).
I love the way Hagner spells out the implications of Jesus' resurrection on p. 77:
"It is as though the future resurrection has interrupted into the present. Becoming a Christian is more than just having our loyalties shifted. Just as the resurrection of Christ inaugurates a new era, so by our identification with Christ we immediately enter into an existence that can be characterised as resurrection life. That new existence is made possible by the indwelling of the Holy Spirit".
Hagner discusses many other aspects of Christ's and our future resurrection in this article. In my opinion, this article is compulsory reading for anyone doing research on the resurrection of Jesus. It is also a good introduction to the resurrection of Jesus and believers for ministers and lay people who wants to get a birds eye view of some of the best research, from the pen of a mature and erudite Christian scholar.


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- Research article
- Open Access
- Open Peer Review
Cognitive performance and leukocyte telomere length in two narrow age-range cohorts: a population study
© Mather et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2010
- Received: 11 March 2010
- Accepted: 16 September 2010
- Published: 16 September 2010
Cognitive function and telomere length both decline with age. A correlation between these two measures would suggest that they may be influenced by the same underlying age-related biological process. Several studies suggest telomere length may be positively correlated with cognitive performance but the evidence is equivocal. In this report, the relationships between telomere length and cognitive performance at Wave 2 and cognitive change from Wave 1 to Wave 2 are assessed in two narrow age-range population cohorts.
We tested the hypothesis that leukocyte telomere length correlates positively with cognitive performance and cognitive decline in two community cohorts of middle-aged (n = 351, 44-49 years) and older (n = 295, 64-70 years) adults, who participated in two waves of a longitudinal study undertaken in the Canberra-Queanbeyan region of Australia. Telomere length was estimated at Wave 2. Cognitive performance was measured using the Symbol Digit Modalities Test, the immediate recall test of the California Verbal Learning Test, reaction time (simple & choice) and the Trails Test Part B.
Cross-sectionally at Wave 2, telomere length correlated with Symbol Digit Modalities Test scores (men) and simple reaction time (women) for the older cohort only, although the latter finding was in the opposite direction to that hypothesised. Telomere length measured at Wave 2 was not associated with cognitive change from Wave 1 to Wave 2 for either cohort, except for two associations of small magnitude (immediate recall in the older cohort, choice reaction time in older women), which were also in the contrary direction to that predicted.
These results do not give strong support to the hypothesis that leukocyte telomere length is associated with either levels of cognitive performance or age-related cognitive change.
- Telomere Length
- Choice Reaction Time
- Simple Reaction Time
- Leukocyte Telomere Length
- Digit Symbol Substitution Test
Telomeres are DNA-protein structures that form protective caps at the termini of chromosomes and contribute to genomic stability. The length of telomeres decreases with increasing age [1–6], as a result of processes such as the incomplete replication of the chromosomal ends at each cell division [5] and during periods of elevated oxidative stress [7–11].
Cognitive decline also accompanies the ageing process [12–14] and therefore may be correlated with telomere length. Few studies have examined this relationship. Three recent reports investigated cognitive performance and leukocyte telomere length using population samples, with mixed results. Harris et al. [15] found a single inverse correlation between a verbal fluency test and telomere length, but did not observe any significant relationships with tests of non-verbal reasoning, verbal declarative memory and a dementia-screening test in a sample of 79 year olds. In contrast, Valdes et al. [6], using a larger and younger female sample with a wide age range (mean age 50 yrs, range 19-78 yrs), found better performance was correlated with longer telomere length on four of six cognitive tests (simple reaction time, space span test, paired associate learning and delayed matching to sample), but not with pattern recognition and spatial working memory tasks. The most robust findings were observed for the space span and the delayed matching to sample tests (partial r = 0.16), which remained significant after adjustments for a wide range of variables. Whether these results also apply to men is unclear. In the most recent study, Yaffe et al. [16] observed that longer baseline telomere length was associated with better baseline performance on the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), but not for change scores over seven years, in a large sample of 70 to 79 year olds. In addition, a number of investigators have examined relationships with telomere length using broader cognitive status questionnaires, such as the Mini-Mental State Examination [MMSE, [17]]. The MMSE has ceiling effects, which reduces its utility in younger samples and in general these studies have found negative results [15, 18, 19]. One study examined change in MMSE scores over three years, but found no relationship with baseline telomere length in a sample aged 85 and over [19]. In contrast to these longitudinal results, Yaffe et al. [16] observed that shorter baseline telomere length was associated with greater decline in performance on the Modified MMSE over seven years, but not with baseline scores.
There are a number of methodological issues that need to be considered when interpreting these findings. The age and the age range of the sample employed in such studies may be critical. The use of a sample with a wide age-range may inflate observed relationships due to age-related mean trends [20, 21]. Therefore, cross-sectional studies using a wide age range may not provide the optimal design for evaluating the inter-relationships between age-sensitive measures. Conversely, the results of studies that employ a sample of a specific age may not be generally applicable, as these relationships may change across the lifespan. Sequential narrow age-range cohorts or longitudinal designs are more appropriate for clarifying such relationships. Longitudinal data would allow the examination of individual rates of biological ageing with changes in telomere length over successive waves of data collection. However, limited longitudinal data is available. Thus, more research is required to address this question using both men and women and to examine these relationships at different stages of the lifespan, whilst controlling for premorbid intelligence and other potential confounding measures.
The present study examined the relationships between telomere length and cognitive performance across a range of tests in two narrow age-range cohorts - individuals aged in their 40s and 60s. Telomere length was estimated in peripheral blood leukocytes at the second wave of an ongoing longitudinal study. At Wave 2, we predicted positive correlations between telomere length and cognitive performance and that these relationships would be stronger in the older age cohort, since both cognitive performance and telomere length decline with age. As we had baseline cognitive performance data from four years earlier, we were able to correlate telomere length at Wave 2 with measures of cognitive decline. We predicted that those with shorter telomeres would have greater cognitive decline over the preceding four years.
Telomere 40+ Cohort
Over 25% of the 40+ cohort (n = 656) were invited to participate in a brain imaging sub-study at Wave 2. Most of the invited PATH participants expressed an interest in participating (n = 503), with 372 donating a blood sample. Telomere length data was available for 351 participants with a mean age of 47 years (SD = 1.4). Compared to the remainder of the 40+ PATH cohort, the 40+ telomere cohort were somewhat older but did not differ in the proportions of sex, marital status, number of years of education, depression scale [24] or Symbol Digit Modalities Test [25] results.
Telomere 60+ Cohort
All PATH 60+ cohort participants were invited to participate in a longitudinal brain imaging sub-study at Wave 1. More than 80% indicated a willingness to participate (n = 2076) and 479 participated at Wave 1. At Wave 2, 297 participants provided a blood sample before the commencement of this study. Telomere length data was available for the 297 participants, two of which were identified as extreme outliers and omitted from further analyses (z-scores > 3.29) [26]. The 60+ telomere cohort had a mean age of 66.7 years (SD = 1.4) and did not differ from the remainder of the 60+ PATH cohort with respect to age, sex, years of education, the Mini-Mental State Examination [17] or depression scale scores. However, the 60+ telomere cohort performed slightly better on the Symbol Digit Modalities Test.
Telomere length measurement
Standard procedures were used to extract DNA from peripheral blood leukocytes and positive control samples [for further details, see [27]]. The positive controls consisted of saliva and cell line genomic DNA and low and high molecular weight telomere genomic DNA standards (TeloTAGGG Telomere Length Assay Kit, #2 209 136, Roche, Basel, Switzerland).
Estimation of telomere length was performed using a quantitative real-time PCR (Q-PCR) technique [28]. In this method, two Q-PCRs were undertaken for each sample, a single-copy gene-specific Q-PCR (acidic ribosomal phosphoprotein, 36B4 or RPLP0) and a telomere-specific Q-PCR. A telomere/single-copy gene (T/S) ratio was calculated for each sample using the Q-PCR results and normalised to the T/S ratio of a reference sample. The normalised T/S ratio was used as an estimate of relative telomere length.
Estimation of telomere length was performed separately for each age cohort. The telomere and 36B4 Q-PCR assays were performed in separate plates. Quadruplicate replicates of each DNA sample (5-10 ng/reaction) were dispensed using a liquid handling robot (EpMotion 5070, Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany) into duplicate plates and dried down. Replicates were placed together in matching positions on the duplicate plates. Dehydrated DNA was resuspended in the relevant Q-PCR reaction mix, containing the appropriate primers, 1× Master Mix (Platinum SYBR Green Master Mix, #11744-500, Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA) and H2O to a total volume of 10 μl. For the telomere Q-PCR reaction, the final concentration of each of the primers was 500 nM (Tel1b: 5' CGG TTT GTT TGG GTT TGG GTT TGG GTT TGG GTT TGG GTT 3'; Tel2b: 5' GGC TTG CCT TAC CCT TAC CCT TAC CCT TAC CCT TAC CCT 3'; Cawthon, 2003, pers. comm.). The final concentrations of the primers for the 36b4 Q-PCR reaction were 390 nM of the 36b4u primer and 650 nM of the 36b4d primer [36b4u: 5' CAG CAA GTG GGA AGG TGT AAT CC 3'; 36b4d: 5' CCC ATT CTA TCA TCA ACG GGT ACA A 3', [28]]. The Q-PCR assays were performed in a 7900HT Fast Real-Time PCR machine (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, USA) at the ACRF Biomolecular Research Facility (Australian National University) using the cycling program of 50°C/2 min, 95°C/10 min, followed by 30 cycles of 95°C/30 secs and 56°C/1 min.
Q-PCR results were screened for outliers if the SD of the cycle threshold [Ct] was greater than 0.2 [29]. If the removal of a single outlier did not improve the SD of the replicate Cts for a sample (≤0.2), the assay was repeated or the sample omitted. The variability of the Q-PCR results was assessed for a set of positive controls (human cell line and saliva DNA, n = 4 for the 40+ cohort and n = 3 for the 60+ cohort) that were assayed in quadruplicate across five plates. For the 40+ cohort, the mean coefficients of variation (CVs) for Ct scores were 0.43% and 0.76% for the single-copy-gene and telomere Q-PCR assays respectively. For the 60+ cohort, the average CVs for Ct scores were 0.53% and 0.62% for the single-copy-gene and telomere Q-PCRs respectively.
Relative telomere length (normalised T/S ratio) was calculated using the comparative Ct method after verifying that the telomere and 36B4 Q-PCRs had equivalent amplification efficiencies [30]. Mean inter-assay CVs for the relative telomere estimates (normalised T/S ratio) across assays for the positive controls were 8.82% and 3.44% for the 40+ and 60+ cohorts respectively.
The relative telomere length results were validated using an alternate method, the telomere restriction fragment method (TRF) using the TeloTAGGG Telomere Length Assay Kit (Roche) for a set of positive control samples. In contrast to the Q-PCR method, the TRF method estimates telomere length in kilobases. The two methods were highly correlated for each age cohort (r > 0.9, p < .03, one-tailed). The regression equation describing the relationship between the two methods was also used to convert the relative telomere length estimate to an absolute kilobase measure for each age cohort. The kilobase estimate was used to assess if there was a significant telomere length difference between the two age cohorts. All primary analyses used the relative telomere length measure.
Cognitive Measures
Information processing speed and attention were evaluated using the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) [25]. Episodic memory (immediate recall) was assessed using the first trial of the California Verbal Learning Test [31]. Simple and choice reaction time were tested using a small hand-held box with two red lights and two depressible buttons located at the top of the box [32]. For the simple reaction time test, one of the red lights was activated and the participant was asked to push the right hand button immediately. In the choice reaction time test, the left or right red light was activated and the participant was asked to press the appropriate button. Simple reaction time was measured first, using four blocks of 20 trials, followed by two blocks of 20 trials measuring choice reaction time. Any values less than 0.1 secs or greater than 3.0 seconds were removed. For each participant, means were then calculated for each block and any values that exceeded 3 standard deviations were eliminated [32]. The means (secs) were then re-calculated. Executive function was assessed using the Trails Test Part B [33]. Spot-the-Word Version A [34] was used as a test of pre-morbid intelligence. The Mini-Mental State Examination [17], a screening test for cognitive impairment/dementia, was administered to the 60+ cohort only. Whether telomere length at Wave 2 was associated with decline in cognitive performance from Wave 1 to Wave 2 was undertaken by assessing cognitive performance at Wave 2 residualised for Wave 1 scores. This analysis was not undertaken for the Trails Test as this was not administered at Wave 1.
Other Measures
Sociodemographic, lifestyle, health and anthropometric information were self-reported. Occupational social class (socioeconomic status) was determined using the Australian Standard Classification of Occupations [35] and participants were classified into one of three categories, professional, white collar and blue collar. Respondents were classified into three tobacco smoking categories: current, past or never [36]. Weekly alcohol consumption was estimated from responses to the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) [37], taking into account binge drinking episodes [23, 38]. Antioxidant vitamin use was defined as the consumption of vitamins and/or multivitamins 6-7 days/week for 6 months or more. Physical activity was measured using questions from the UK Whitehall II Study [39, 40] to calculate the total number of hours of physical activity/week [41]. The Goldberg Depression Scale [24] was used to assess depressive symptoms and the current use of anti-hypertensive medication was recorded. Two blood pressure measurements were taken whilst the participant was sitting and the mean used for analyses. A measure of lung function, the forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), was determined using a Micro Spirometer (Micro Medical Ltd, Rochester, Kent, UK). The highest of three FEV1 measurements was used in analyses. Using the dominant hand, two trials of handgrip strength were measured using the dynamometer (Smedley's Dynamo Meter, Tokyo) and the mean recorded.
Statistical Analyses
The relative telomere length variable was log10 transformed to improve the normality of the distribution. Similarly, alcohol consumption, physical activity, body mass index (kg/m2) and the cognitive measures of reaction time (simple and choice) and the Trails Test were also log10 transformed. Missing data were minimal except for the measure of physical activity, where data was imputed. Missing values for physical activity were replaced with the median for the entire PATH Cohort when stratified by age group for each frequency of activity category except for 'never/hardly ever' when the missing value was replaced with zero. The relevant analyses were adjusted for the telomere length covariates, alcohol consumption, physical activity and systolic blood pressure and for age, sex and pre-morbid intelligence using Spot-the-Word scores.
Most of the analyses were undertaken within each age cohort. Due to sex differences on most measures, the analyses were also undertaken separately for men and women. Simple bivariate and partial correlations (Pearson's and non-parametric) were undertaken to assess the relationships between continuous variables. Independent t-tests, analysis of variance (ANOVA) or χ2 tests were used to assess the differences between groups. Generalized linear models were used to assess the association between telomere length at Wave 2 and cognitive change from Wave 1 to Wave 2. In order to interpret the size of the effects, telomere length and the dependent variables were converted to z-scores. Statistical tests were performed using SPSS v17 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) and a p value of < 0.05 was considered significant.
General characteristics by age cohort
40+ (n= 351)
60+ (n= 295)
Telomere Length (kb)
5.65 [5.15-6.52]a
5.88 ± 0.98b
4.69 [4.42-5.03] a
4.74 ± 0.47b
155 (44.2%)c
158 (53.6%)c
196 (55.8%)c
137 (46.4%)c
Age (yr)
46.8 ± 1.4b
66.7 ± 1.4b
Age range (yr)
Education (yr)
14.80 ± 2.25b
14.10 ± 2.62b
Smoking Status
45 (12.8%)c
17 (5.8%)c
117 (33.3%)c
107 (36.3%)c
189 (53.8%)c
171 (58.0%)c
Alcohol (drinks/week)
4.00 [1.00-9.00]a
4.00 [0.38-9.00]a
Physical activity (hr)/week
10.50 [5.50-17.00]a
14.00 [8.00-24.75]a
Daily antioxidant vitamin use
48 (13.7%)c
71 (24.1%)c
72 (21.8%)c
60 (20.5%)c
Definite hypertensione
46 (13.5%)c
133 (45.9%)c
Physical Function
Grip Strengthf
21.598 ± 6.081b
18.533 ± 5.153b
Lung Functiong
1.859 ± 0.362b
1.513 ± 0.342b
Potential covariates of telomere length identified from prior studies include sex [42–45], antioxidant vitamin use [46, 47], physical activity [48], alcohol consumption [15], tobacco smoking [49, 50] and socioeconomic status [51]. There were no significant differences in telomere length between men and women, nor for antioxidant vitamin use, smoking or socioeconomic status (p > 0.05). For the 60+ cohort only, increased alcohol consumption was correlated with shorter telomere length (r = -0.155, p = 0.008). Telomere length was also correlated with physical activity for the 40+ cohort (r = -0.114 p = 0.034) and systolic blood pressure for 40+ women (r = 0.157, p = 0.029). The results of these analyses are detailed in additional file 1 (Supplemental Table S1).
Cross-sectional correlations between telomere length and cognitive scores (Wave 2) by age cohort and sex
Cognitive Test
Age Cohort
Partial r
Immediate recall
40+ Men
40+ Women
60+ Men
60+ Women
40+ Men
40+ Women
60+ Men
60+ Women
Simple RTb
40+ Men
40+ Women
60+ Men
60+ Women
Choice RT
40+ Men
40+ Women
60+ Men
60+ Women
Trails B
40+ Men
40+ Women
60+ Men
60+ Women
Cognitive performance at the two waves of data collection (Wave 1 and Wave 2) for each telomere cohort
Cognitive Test
Age Cohort
nat Wave1
Wave 1 Mean ± SD a or Median [IQR]b
nat Wave 2
Wave 2 Mean ± SD a or Median [IQR]b
Immediate recalld
8.21 ± 2.18 a
8.33 ± 2.24 a
40+ Men
7.69 ± 1.97 a
7.74 ± 2.05 a
40+ Women
8.63 ± 2.26 a
8.80 ± 2.27 a
7.51 ± 2.13 a
7.16 ± 1.99 a
60+ Men
7.11 ± 2.05 a
6.86 ± 1.86 a
60+ Women
7.96 ± 2.14 a
7.51 ± 2. 08 a
61.30 ± 8.79 a
60.94 ± 8.59 a
40+ Men
60.70 ± 8.65 a
60.45 ± 8.67 a
40+ Women
61.78 ± 8.89 a
61.32 ± 8.54 a
51.40 ± 8.00 a
50.58 ± 8.23 a
60+ Men
51.42 ± 7.65 a
50.93 ± 7.71 a
60+ Women
51.38 ± 8.41 a
50.19 ± 8.79 a
Simple RT
0.224 [0.206-0.245]b
0.226 [0.210-0.250]b
40+ Men
0.216 [0.200-0.234]b
0.223 [0.207-0.243]b
40+ Women
0.228 [0.211-0.257]b
0.232 [0.213-0.260]b
0.238 [0.218-0.267]
0.252 [0.228-0.290]b
60+ Men
0.234 [0.213-0.254]b
0.243 [0.223-0.285]b
60+ Women
0.252 [0.221-0.281]b
0.260 [0.235-0.302]b
Choice RT
0.283 [0.266-0.306]b
0.288 [0.263-0.310]b
40+ Men
0.278 [0.262-0.300]b
0.278 [0.259-0.302]b
40+ Women
0.287 [0.269-0.312]b
0.295 [0.265-0.316]b
0.314 [0.291-0.334]b
0.318 [0.288-0.349]b
60+ Men
0.315 [0.289-0.330]b
0.317 [0.283-0.345]b
60+ Women
0.313 [0.292-0.338]b
0.318 [0.294-0.354]b
In general, telomere length was not associated with cognitive performance in two narrow age-range cohorts of middle-aged and older Australians. Although there was a significant correlation between performance on the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) and telomere length in the expected direction, a significant association was also observed in the contrary direction for telomere length and simple reaction time. These relationships were modified by age group, with the significant findings being observed in the older age cohort only. Sex differences were also observed, with a significant correlation between telomere length and SDMT scores found for men only, whereas a significant association between telomere length and simple reaction time was observed for women only. Telomere length at Wave 2 was not correlated with cognitive change over a four-year period from Wave 1 to Wave 2, except for two associations in the older cohort (immediate recall and choice reaction time for women) of small effect size and in the contrary direction to that hypothesised.
Consistent with the present results, Yaffe et al. [16] observed a positive association between telomere length and a similar cognitive test to the SDMT, the DSST, but not with change scores, in a slightly older community sample. This suggests that leukocyte telomere length may be associated with cross-sectional performance on tests of information processing speed and attention in older samples. On the other hand, the generally negative results of the current study concur with those of Harris et al. [15] who in the main did not find any significant relationships between telomere length and a number of cognitive tests in an older sample of 79 year olds. The authors found one significant relationship between a test of executive function (verbal fluency) and telomere length in the opposite direction to that expected, which the authors speculate was attributable to chance. In the current study, a different test of executive function was employed, the Trails B Test, but no significant correlations with telomere length were observed in either age cohort. Valdes et al. [6] found a significant relationship between telomere length and simple reaction time in the expected direction, but this did not remain significant after controlling for a wide range of measures. Although the present study did find a significant relationship between telomere length and simple reaction time for older women, this was in the opposite direction to that predicted and observed by Valdes et al. [6]. Moreover, Valdes et al. reported that telomere length contributed 2.3% or less to the variance observed in cognitive ability. All of these studies vary in the samples used and, in general, different cognitive tests were employed.
Few studies have examined cognitive change and telomere length and the findings are equivocal [15, 16, 19]. Further longitudinal studies spread across the lifespan that use a wide variety of cognitive tests are required to adequately address this question.
In the current study, as expected, mean telomere length was significantly shorter for the older age cohort. Conversely, telomere length was not correlated with age within each age cohort, which may be due to the use of narrow age-range cohorts and the wide inter-individual variability observed in telomere length for individuals of the same chronological age [52]. The kilobase estimates of telomere length are similar to prior reports that have been calculated using the relative telomere length method [4, 46, 53]. The rate of telomere loss based on the difference between the two age cohorts (~50 base pairs/yr), is also congruent with other cross-sectional data [45, 54–58].
There are limitations to the present study. Ideally, to examine the relationship between telomeres and cognition, telomere length should be measured in neural tissue such as neuronal or glial cells. However, access to such samples is not practical. Although telomere length in leukocytes may act as a surrogate marker for telomere length in other tissues [59–62], recent research suggests it may not be applicable to all cell types [63]. The current study was underpowered (54-75%) to detect correlations of similar size to the Valdes et al. [6] report; however, the study had sufficient power (> 80%) to detect correlations of medium to large effect size (r ≥ 0.3) [64]. The variability of telomere length estimation as measured by the mean inter-assay coefficient of variation (CV) differed for the two cohorts. The larger measurement error for the 40+ cohort (8.8%) may have attenuated any significant relationships of small to medium effect size. Nevertheless, the inter-assay CV results of the present study fall within the range reported in prior studies, which is generally less than 10% but can range from 5.3 to 28.0% [65–68]. The comparatively low inter-assay CV for the 60+ cohort (3.4%) and the lack of significant relationships in general for this cohort, suggests that there are either no associations between the cognitive measures and telomere length or they are of small effect size. The minimisation of telomere length measurement error should be an important priority in future telomere studies. Another limitation is that longitudinal telomere length data is not available. Thus comparisons of the rates of telomere attrition with cognitive change were not possible. Further, not all possible telomere length covariates were measured, such as paternal age at the participant's birth [69].
The main strength of this study is the use of two narrow age-range cohorts that differ in age by twenty years allowing the examination of the relationships between cognition and telomere length to be investigated at two different stages of the lifespan. It also examined the relationships between cross-sectional telomere length and longitudinal performance on age-sensitive cognitive tests over four years. In the future, as further waves of cognitive data are collected, it will allow the examination of the relationships between prospective cognitive decline measures over a longer time period with 'baseline' telomere length.
The results of the current study do not lend support to the hypothesis that leukocyte telomere length is associated with general cognitive performance or age-related cognitive change. Whether telomere length is a marker of cognitive ageing in the general population requires more data from a comprehensive range of cognitive tests, particularly from longitudinal and/or sequential narrow age-range cohort study designs.
We would like to acknowledge and express our gratitude to the PATH respondents, for without their contributions this study would not have been possible. The authors would also like to thank the PATH Project staff. We are also grateful to Dr. Ruth Parslow from the Australian Centre for Post-Traumatic Mental Health, University of Melbourne for insightful discussions regarding this work. We would also like to acknowledge the support and expertise of Ms. Xiaoyun Tan from the John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University. This work was supported by an Australian National Health and Medical Research Council Program Grant 179805 and an R.M. Gibson Grant from the Australian Association of Gerontology. A.F. Jorm, K.J. Anstey and H. Christensen are funded by NHMRC Fellowships.
Authors' Affiliations
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- Thomas P, O'Callaghan N, Fenech M: Telomere length in white blood cells, buccal cells and brain tissue and its variation with ageing and Alzheimer's disease. Mechanisms of Ageing and Development. 2008, 129 (4): 183-190. 10.1016/j.mad.2007.12.004.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
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- Farzaneh-Far R, Cawthon RM, Na B, Browner WS, Schiller NB, Whooley MA: Prognostic value of leukocyte telomere length in patients with stable coronary artery disease: data from the Heart and Soul Study. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 2008, 28 (7): 1379-1384. 10.1161/ATVBAHA.108.167049.View ArticlePubMedPubMed CentralGoogle Scholar
- Nordfjall K, Larefalk A, Lindgren P, Holmberg D, Roos G: Telomere length and heredity: Indications of paternal inheritance. PNAS. 2005, 102 (45): 16374-16378. 10.1073/pnas.0501724102.View ArticlePubMedPubMed CentralGoogle Scholar
- O'Sullivan J, Risques RA, Mandelson MT, Chen L, Brentnall TA, Bronner MP, Macmillan MP, Feng Z, Siebert JR, Potter JD, et al: Telomere length in the colon declines with age: a relation to colorectal cancer?. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention. 2006, 15 (3): 573-577. 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-05-0542.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- Unryn BM, Cook LS, Riabowol KT: Paternal age is positively linked to telomere length of children. Aging Cell. 2005, 4 (2): 97-101. 10.1111/j.1474-9728.2005.00144.x.View ArticlePubMedGoogle Scholar
- The pre-publication history for this paper can be accessed here:http://0-www.biomedcentral.com.brum.beds.ac.uk/1471-2318/10/62/prepub
Pre-publication history
This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.


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This morning the DAD crew was awoken to news of Furoche's passing. It's always hard to lose someone that so many knew as a great friend, person, and producer, and many are spending time reflecting on memories of Zack and listening back to his music. Buygore shared this fresh mix from Furoche, and left the following words:
"We lost a great friend last night to a hit-and-run accident in New York. Furoche had just finished this podcast up for us, and we know he would want this to be heard by the world.
Furoche was hands down one of the nicest, most genuine guys we have ever met and his loss is a heavy hit to everyone at Buygore & Dream Brigade. No matter what life threw his way, he always had the most positive attitude towards everything and I can personally say that I have definitely learned a lot from him.
Our condolences go out to his family and everyone who was friends with him.
"Don't talk about it, be about it.""


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Welcome to our roundup of the best mental health and gaming stories you may have missed. This week, an indie classic arrives on mobile, Waypoint looks back at a fantastic game, and Buffy opens up about mental health.
How 'Papo & Yo' Shined a Light on Alcoholism and Mental Health
"'The difference with movies and video games is that movies do not resemble therapy at all,' says Caballero. 'Movies are linear stories that have you, the viewer, projecting yourself into. Games actually happen in real time, like therapy. You're projecting memories, but at the same exploring them, you're actually trying to see how the impact on you and it's not a linear model. Therapy is exploration, as is gameplay. I think that video game simulations are the perfect tool where you can actually go back and relive those memories—even if they are painful to you and find a way to cope with them.'"
In a lot of ways, Papa & Yo was ahead of its time. Waypoint brings it back around for another look with this fantastic interview.
When Facebook and Instagram Think You're Depressed
"The ads started out innocuously enough: an app for meditation that can also help social anxiety, likely targeting many people in my demographic and age group. But as I continued to seek treatment, the ads got more specific—and more intense, often reinforcing my own confusion about my conditions as I worked through accepting them myself."
VICE explores the awkward experience of seeing your Facebook feed fill up with ads targetted around mental illness.
Indie Darling 'To the Moon' Hits the App Store
"Heavy content notwithstanding, the game has seem overwhelmingly positive reviews on Steam. It has a near-flawless average with the few negative reactions hinging on the length of the game, as the whole thing can be completed inside of about 3ish hours- Maybe less depending on how quickly you read."
To The Moon, which has what's often considered one of the best portrayal of autism in games, is finally out on mobile. TouchArcade has the news.
Sarah Michelle Gellar Reveals Struggle With Postpartum Depression
"Having kids is wonderful, and life changing, and rarely what you're prepared for. I love my children more than anything in the world. But like a lot of women, I too struggled with postpartum depression after my first baby was born. I got help, and made it through, and every day since has been the best gift I could ever have asked for. To those of you going through this, know that you're not alone and that it really does get better."
Today shares stories of a few celebrities who've dealt with postpartum depression after Buffy the Vampire Slayer's Sarah Michelle Gellar opens up about her own experiences.
And with that, we're off for the weekend. We'll be back Monday with more stories for Mental Health Awareness Month. Till then, take care of yourselves — and each other.


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In the autumn of 2015, Guy Wah, founder of ZLS Creative, had an idea for a new writing festival, showcasing the best in Brighton & Hove's creative community. At the same time, Sweet Venues were looking at ways of increasing the awareness of venues in the Western Road area of Hove.
(Brighton &) Hove Grown was born.
A Showcase of Local Talent
To be eligible to take part in the festival, shows must have a strong Brighton & Hove connection. Often this is simply that the writer and/or performer are local residents, but we also accept entries from people who work in the city, or whose shows feature a strong Brighton & Hove link.
All presentations should also be less than two years old. Typically this means that the show was performed for the first time less than two years ago, but we have also had updated versions of older shows, or shows presented in a new format. We're pretty fluid in our definitions, but the key thing is that we're not rehashing old material over and over again.
Funding & Sponsorship
(Brighton &) Hove Grown does not currently receive any funding, although we are in the process of applying for funds to expand our audience reach. We are heavily reliant on local businesses supporting the festival, either through sponsorship or by taking out advertising in our brochure. Please get in touch if you would like to discuss supporting the festival in some way.
The Team
JD Henshaw – Artistic Director, Sweet Venues
JD's first Edinburgh Fringe should have been his last with everything that could go wrong very much managing to! However, that was over ten years ago, and now, not only does JD bring at least two shows to Edinburgh and Brighton Fringe every year, he owns and runs Sweet Venues. When the Fringe bug bites, it bites hard!
Having successfully run his university theatre company for almost five years, he took the plunge and set up his own production company, DBS Productions, and hasn't looked back since! Now he runs his production company and the wonderful Sweet Venues, trying to ensure that everyone gets that first (or fourth) Fringe experience that they desire. It's a lot of late nights and may result in occasional howls to the moon, but the end result is more than worth all the hard work. When JD's not Fringe-ing (it's a word, trust us) or creating new work with DBS, he teaches and develops drama with underprivileged and vulnerable groups in the Highlands.
Ultimately, JD is here to make sure you have the best experience you can possibly have at whichever Fringe you've decided to be part of. If there's anything you want to chat about regarding your production, the Fringe or the general comings and goings of the day, feel free to give him a shout and grab a cuppa.
Guy Wah – Founder, ZLS Creative
Having worked a variety of "real-life" jobs, Guy fell into acting at the age of 30. Throwing away his dreams of becoming a professional footballer or WWE wrestler, the world of theatre put him in a headlock and refused to let him go. With a passion for new writing and desire to influence social change, ZLS Creative was set up, thus combining Guy's two new-found loves of theatre and social enterprise.
As well as delivering new writing and immersive experiences, Guy delivers holistic acting workshops – Acting Skills for Life – through ZLS Creative, and surpluses from these workshops are invested in self-confidence and self-esteem workshops for marginalised adults.
The spirit of social enterprise is one of collaboration and co-operation. With this in mind, Guy founded BrightonActors.co.uk – a central online resource for actors, directors and producers in Brighton & Hove.
Guy is excited to be collaborating with JD and Sarah from Sweet Venues on this new community project.
Sarah Johnson – Administration and Front of House Manager, Sweet Venues
Sarah arrived at the Dukebox Theatre to do some Front of House shifts for Brighton Fringe 2013 and somehow never managed to actually leave. Working with Dukebox Theatre founder Mill Goble, she continued to take on more and more jobs until finally she took over management of the theatre's administration and front of house duties in 2014. At the end of 2015, and following the merger with Sweet Venues, Sarah is slightly discombobulated to find that she is happily managing the day-to-day needs of the theatre, taking on responsibility for much of the programming, whilst still taking care of the other bits and pieces. Sleep is for the weak!
With a performance background that covers a huge array of skills(both in performance and production) and genres, Sarah has at last given up on the "normal" working world and is finally dedicating herself fully and completely to theatre in all its forms. Working with Sweet Venues is the perfect opportunity to indulge her passions and get thoroughly enthused about all of the fantastic work that is being created in our wonderful city by the sea.


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This person will train operators on quality aspects,
document processes and procedures for new products,
work on quality and training issues for the molding area,
document control,
create in process inspection plans based on customer requirements,
create certification of compliance forms
other duties as required to meet departmental expectations.
1-year technical college in precision inspection and/or 2-3 years experience based on experience,
GD&T knowledge (reading and interpreting drawings),
Basic SPC knowledge,
Knowledge with PPAP and FAIR
Utilizing and reading of both digital and dial inspection equipment,
Experience with hand tool quality equipment i.e. gage blocks, plug gages, etc.,
CMM, Vision System, and Optical Comparator experience preferred.
Basic math skills required. Basic statistics and trig skills preferred.


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PayDay Loans UK is a short term cash advance taken for a period of 7 to 15 days to come out from the financial crisis which can are available in anyone's life at any point of time. It helps the people acquire money for their emergency needs whether it's a small expenditure of car or truck repair or possibly a major expenditure of paying an automobile installment. Commonly working middle class people make use of most of their monthly salary and don't have any other source of finding money for their emergency money desires apart from these payday loans UK. With all the help of businesses providing advance payday loan UK, you are not needed to be dependent on your family members or pals for pounds. Functions Of Payday Loan UKThe eligibility requirements for securing a payday loan UK will not be really strict and may be quickly accomplished. The borrower need to be a UK citizen who is employed and drawing a salary of 1000 or far more. He is also asked to give a statement which verifies that he is employed for extra than 3 months and has a valid operating bank account.
Through technological advancements in the dire need of any size. John Smith checks his wallet on Monday and sees he has to gain additional info regarding Payday Loans may well be the suitable as per your needs. Now its time for bad creditors. Borrowers with adverse credit ratings like CCJs, insolvency and even foreclosure, payment defaults and CCJs is never pressurized from his life. Online method is preferable to collect the repayment date till your payday easily.
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Mausoleum of Nawab Safdar Jang, Delhi
Artist: Anonymous
Medium: Watercolour
Date: 1823
Drawing of the mausoleum of Nawab Safdar Jang in Delhi. Inscribed on the front in Persian characters: 'Naqshah i maqbarah i Nauwab Safdar Jang' (Picture of the tomb of Nauwab Safdar Jang); on the back in English: '8. The Tomb of Nowab Sufdar Jung, at Delhi.' Nawab Safdar Jang was the governor of Awadh between 1739 and 1753 during the reign of the Mughal emperor Ahmad Shah (r. 1748-54). Safdar Jang's body was moved to Delhi where his son Nawab Shuja ud-Daula built a tomb in 1753-54 based on the model of the tomb of the Mughal emperor Humayun. The tomb is square in plan with engaged minars at each of the four corners. It is faced in red sandstone and surmounted by a bulbous white marble dome. The mausoleum sits at the centre of a 'chahar bagh', a garden divided into four parts by raised sandstone walkways and sunken water channels. There is a monumental gateway to the south. Inscribed below: 'Suftur Jung's Tomb.'


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I often feel that Baby Z is experiencing a magical period of his life. No real worries. No real schedule, except for the gentle daily routines of home and school life. No office politics, sibling rivalries, or mean girls/boys. He is surrounded by safety and security and a universe of people who love him, while his neurons are constantly exploding with every new skill and experience.
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Fishtail Air chopper crashes in Chucche cliff, all 7 on board dead
-, Kathmandu
Aug 8, 2016-
All seven people, including a new-born, on board a Fishtail Air helicopter that crashed at Bhetini in Nuwakot district on Monday, have been confirmed dead, Nepal Army Brigadier General Tara Bahadur Karki said.
The wreckage of the crashed chopper was found at Chucche cliff of Bhetini, Madanpur-9.
The helicopter that took off from Gorkha this afternoon was airlifting the new-born for treatment in Kathmandu with her mother.
Captain Ranjan Limbu, Staff Nurse Nisha Tamang, one Laxmi Gurung, Kitman Gurung, of Siddhadhibas, Gorkha, his wife Aagyani, Priti Gurung, 19, and her five-day-old son, have been killed in the tragedy.
A rescue team of NA's Shreenath Battalion have reached the crash site, Karki said.
Earlier, Caan spokesperson Devendra KC said bad weather has been preventing the search operation.
The crash site is 5,500ft above the sea level. The 9N-AKA chopper had made last contact with air traffic control tower at 1:00pm.
Published: 08-08-2016 14:16
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Vangorn the Murderer is a serial killer who lives in Kharé in Kakhabad.
He is dark-skinned with a stubbly beard, and he attacks his victims from behind, pulling them into abandoned buildings, where he feigns friendship whilst attempting to poison them.[1] If his victims do not succumb to his Evil schemes, Vangorn will become enraged and resort to more direct means of attack (Sk 7, St 8),[2] although he is afraid of sorcerers, and leaves them well alone.[3]
Vangorn claims that he is the brother of Vik, the well known resident of Kharé, but the truth of this story is not known.[4]
See AlsoEdit
- ↑ Kharé - Cityport of Traps - 34, 57, 186, 236
- ↑ Kharé - Cityport of Traps - 13, 223
- ↑ Kharé - Cityport of Traps - 383
- ↑ Kharé - Cityport of Traps - 399


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This page was exported from Caledon Citizen
Export date: Mon May 20 16:57:31 2019 / +0000 GMT
Written By SCOTT TAYLOR
A 57-year-old dump truck driver was taken to hospital in Toronto with serious but non-life-threatening injuries after being trapped in the cab of his truck after a rollover on Hwy. 50 at Castlemore Road Aug. 13.
Peel Regional Police say the driver had been trapped for about an hour before firefighters managed to extricate him.
No other vehicles were involved and police have not said if charges are forthcoming.
This crash comes on the heels of others in the area, including a tragic collision on August 4 at about 9:02 p.m. when an SUV and a sports car were both travelling on Hwy. 50 when they became involved in a collision.
As a result of the collision, a 47-year-old woman from Woodbridge, a 12-year-old girl from Woodbridge and a 7-year-old boy from Woodbridge all succumbed to their injuries.
A 12-year-old girl from Woodbridge, a 45-year-old man from Caledon and a 39-year-old woman from Toronto were transported to local hospitals in non-life threatening condition.
Peel Regional Police have not released any firther information concerning this incident.
Meanwhile, police are still investigating the horrific collision between a transport truck and a car on Aug. 6 that claimed the life of six-year-old Valentina Palermo of Aliston.
It's now known the car was stalled in a live lane on the roadway when the truck slammed into the rear of the vehicle.
The driver of the transport received only minor injuries.
Police in this case have also not yeat released their findings. It's unknown if charges will be laid.
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Solaiman is the Director of Project Finance at the Dubai Carbon Centre of Excellence (DCCE), responsible for aligning DCCE's vision and development strategies to the National Development Priorities and assisting the government entities and the private sector thoughout the transition towards a Green Economy to ensure Sustainable Development.
He led many government initiatives such as, assisting the Federal government in setting the objectives and KPIs to increase efficiencies and reduce the environmental impact, the development of the carbon abatement strategy for Dubai, the UAE GHG inventory, developing the tools to finance green & sustainable projects, and many other projects.
Previously, he worked at the United Nations in New York, as the first Emirati assigned to the Global Environmental Facility (GEF), managing and administering projects globally across diverse thematic sectors.
Back in home country, Solaiman joined UNDP, where he provided a provision of top quality policy advice services to the UAE Government and facilitation of knowledge building and management.
He has holds a Masters in International Business and a Bachelors in Finance.


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BOSTON -- Jon Lester would be available out of the bullpen if needed in a Game Seven, manager John Farrell said Wednesday.
BOSTON -- Jon Lester would be available out of the bullpen if needed in a Game Seven, manager John Farrell said Wednesday.
Lester threw 91 pitches in Monday's Game Five win. Thursday would represent his normal throw day. John Lackey pitched an inning out of the bullpen on his normal throw day in Boston's Game Four victory.
"If we find ourselves in a situation where we need him tomorrow, he's available," Farrell said.
Lester did deal with back tightness in that game, but Farrell said it isn't a concern going forward.
Clay Buchholz will also be available out of the bullpen in a Game Seven. Buchholz could even be used in Game Six in an emergency situation.
Lester's availability for a Game Seven does make it easier for the Red Sox to use Felix Doubront in Game Six if needed. Doubront has been one of Boston's best relievers in the World Series, and Farrell indicated he wouldn't hold him back for Game Seven.
Doubront is ready for multiple innings on Wednesday, although Farrell would like to bring him in to a clean inning, if possible.
All that means that Jake Peavy remains the scheduled starter for a Game Seven.
Shane Victorino is back in the Red Sox lineup, but down in the No. 6 spot in the order for the first time all season.
Farrell indicated a preference for keeping the top of the order -- Jacoby Ellsbury, Dustin Pedroia and David Ortiz -- as consistent as possible after the last two games.
Moving Victorino down has nothing to do with limiting his number of at-bats because of the back injury that kept him out of Games Four and Five.
"In talking with Vic about this yesterday, he was understanding of it," Farrell said. "Gave him my reasons for it, for what we mentioned as well as keep the other two guys at the top of the order."
Farrell has wanted to lengthen the lineup out behind Ortiz, as well as get the incandescently hot designated hitter up to the plate as much as possible.
Victorino is "unrestricted" physically.
"I feel a lot better," Victorino said. "Progressively have gotten better every day."
Victorino's return to the lineup gives the Red Sox their best defensive alignment of the series, with Mike Napoli back at first base and David Ross behind the plate.
Farrell said he's "not at all" concerned about Napoli being rusty after a few games off in St. Louis.
"My thought is that rhythm will be overridden by adrenaline," he said.
The Red Sox have remained loose in the hours leading up to Game Six -- the first time Fenway Park has hosted a potential clinching game of the World Series in 38 years. Boston has stuck to its season-long philosophy of merely focusing on the game at hand.
"Our guys know where we are. We know what's in front of us here tonight and possibly tomorrow," Farrell said. "But the mood coming in, the early work that's taken place, very consistent."
"It's the same focus that we've had since Day One," said Pedroia. "We've got a game today. We're going to try our best to go out there and execute our pitch and play the game the right way and try to win that game. This is the game on the schedule that we have to play and try to win. That's what we're going to focus on."
"If tomorrow comes, tomorrow comes," Victorino said. "But from Day One we've all focused on the game that's in fronts of us. What we have tonight, we understand the magnitude. There's a lot of excitement."
Farrell did admit some excitement about being back at Fenway.
"It's the atmosphere that's created in here," he said. "It's what comes to life here every night is the thing that stands out for me. Our fans, much like we came from in St. Louis, when you're in a ballpark that people know the game, they anticipate situations that are building, and to see it explode when something positive happens, that's the thing that stands out to me. The electricity that it generates is awesome."
Twitter: @TimBritton


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The death of the internationally celebrated choreographer Antony Tudor made the ballet world aware of the importance of preserving his works to enrich future generations. Soirée Musicale, the first Tudor ballet to be made available in published form, will provide access to this delightful piece both to dancers and dance students as well as teachers, historians, researchers and scholars concernced in the art.
Soirée Musicale is a charming, lively piece well suited to classroom study as well as stage performance. Although technically demanding when performed up to full tempo, the dances allow for a degree of personal interpretation and expression which can surmount technical problems. In this book the full Labanotation score is accompanied by detailed study and performance notes, historical background and photographs which provide the flavour of this much-loved piece.


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"Either write something work reading or read something worth doing."
-Benjamin Franklin
I came across this quote printed on a journal and it inspired me to start posting the memoir monday series. It is my sincerest hope that what I write is worth your time so when I'm not feeling inspired I take a break to read some of my favorite blogs and books. At the moment I am really enjoying messages on a napkin, curvy girl chic, lady killer, and saga.
What do you turn to when you need inspiration or just a break from it all?
Fringe Bag:Aldo| Swing Dress:Asos| Gold Sandals:Urbanog
As always thank you for reading, commenting, and liking!
With Love,


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As a full service mechanical contractor, Western Allied provides a complete solution for our clients. We provide a high quality mechanical systems complete with DDC controls; precisely designed to project requirements. Our seasoned service personnel, coupled with an experienced engineering staff, are able to troubleshoot and solve system problems quickly and efficiently.