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Please notice that the plants at the top half are more of a lime green. This is due to lower light growing conditions. Both are healthy. I use a layer of Black Cow composted manure under a 2 inch layer of sand as the substrate. Some tanks without fish do not have the sand layer capping, it is not mandatory, just keep the tint of the water to a more clear water color. Most important thing to remember is they do not like surface agitation or powerheads. Their roots collect sediment floating in the calm almost stagnant water, and have a charge that attracts nutrients, which makes them a fairly good addition to your filtration. The plants are tough and withstand a wide range of conditions, just be sure the water is calm, warm and the substrate provides some nutrients. They also grow really fast when the water is steadily above 78 degrees. Do not grow them in full outdoor sun, it is too strong for them. As your plants grow compare them with the photo to gauge if you're providing them optimal light. Less light yields smaller, flattened brighter green plants. Low nutrient levels will cause longer root lengths as the plant seeks food. Hope this helps you have great success! Enjoy'em.
Difficulty Culturing Scuds, Advanced Tips Regarding Osmotic Gradient Parameters
It sounds like you may have a mineral imbalance lowering the specific gravity of the water below what the freshwater scuds are accustomed to in a balanced natural spring water profile, possibly causing stress or causing ruptures to the air bladder. I am not a fan of reconstituted osmotic water for freshwater environments as is the standard practice in marine aquaria. Incidentally, these are actually Hyallela azteca not gammarus the name commonly used for many amphipods. I recommend using spring water containing a natural balanced mineral profile which will be in a better balanced asimilable form for the scuds. For the setup I recommend using crushed coral substrate and an overgrown planted aquarium with either duckweed or Asian water meal on the surface and an overgrown mass of Naja grass surface to substrate in the entire aquarium as this is a great nitrate buffer in a low oxygen environment. Filtration is optional and minimal aeration is best, no current. Bubbles breaking the surface every 1 or 2 seconds apart is all that is needed.
What Does a Blonde Chili Endler Look Like?
Recently I've had a few customers ask to see a few photos of Blonde Chili Endlers. These type of chilis resemble regular grey (blau) base colored chilis in size and care. The blonde phenotype seems to accent the metallic iridescence. Here a few very quick photos and video clips of them.
Blonde Chili Endler Snapshots
Here is a photo of the gray bodied Ranbow Snakeskin Endler as a comparison…
NEW Fishart Have a look!
P and N Class Lime Endler
The P Class Lime Endler is a wild Endler derived from the N Class Black Bar Endler, then line bred for the continuous Electric Lime Green bar which runs horizontally. These are more brilliant electric colored than the blue Cardinal or Neon Tetras. They are similar in size but much easier to maintain and breed. Always a favorite and available at LiveFins.
LiveFins Artwork – Featuring Guppies, Endlers Grown Here!
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Tanaka Blonde Rio Abre Guppies
Rio Abre 'Gold' Guppies
European Japan Blue Doublesword Guppies
A Very nice clean True Breeding line of Italian Japan Blue Doublesword Guppies recently added to the collection!
Steel Nebula Guppies
Steel Nebula Guppies – A Beautiful Tri-Color Mosaic Snakeskin Hybrid Line originally developed by Pete Mang, AKA the seller Lotsoffish on the Aquabid Live Aquaria Auction website.
Staeck Endlers at Livefins Aquatics USA
This strain was found in Kanal de Laguna de Los Platos. And brought to the German collector Dr. Wolfgang Staeck resident in Berlin back in 2004 which this strain was named after. And Dr. Fred Poser (Institute of zoology and taxonomy, Amsterdam) identified and classified this strain. In general Staeck Endlers are as hardy as any other Endler, maybe more so! They're an attractive fish when it comes to their bold outlined spotted pattern which has a high-tech almost mechanical look. The group that I have came from a very good friend of mine in Germany who shares the same interest when it comes to wild endlers.
Staeck Endlers at Livefins Aquatics USA
Staeck Endlers at Livefins Aquatics USA
Lazuli Guppy Photos
Lazuli Guppies with Magenta gene at Livefins Aquatics
Lazuli Guppies with Magenta gene at Livefins Aquatics
Lazuli Guppies with Magenta gene at Livefins Aquatics
Lazuli Guppies with Magenta gene at Livefins AquaticsLazuli Guppies with Magenta gene at Livefins Aquatics
What is an Endler Livebearer?
The Endler's livebearer (hereafter referred to as endlers) were initially discovered by Franklyn F. Bond in 1937 in the Cumana region of northeastern Venezuela.
Specimens ended up in the University of Michigan's Museum of Zoology, but the discovery was never published and the fish never distributed.
It took until 1975 for the fish to be rediscovered, this time by Dr. John Endler.
He provided samples to Donn Eric Rosen, a noted Poeciliid taxonomist. Had Rosen been able to classify the fish before he passed away, much of the controversy might have been avoided.
Background Regarding the Endler Name and Scientific Nomenclature
Rosen did provide some of these fish to another friend of Professor Endler, Klaus Kallman, who was then of the New York Aquarium. Kallman introduced this fish to the German aquarium community under the name Endler's livebearer.
He apparently intended the name as a surprise for Professor Endler. As it turns out, nobody told Endler, and he did not encounter the fish as his namesake until sometime in the early 1980s.
Official Classification
As the Endler made its way through the aquarium community in Europe and eventually North America, a behind-the-scenes battle raged between those who considered the endler a separate species and those who considered it simply a unique strain of guppy. Detailing this controversy would require a separate article, but suffice it to say that the disagreements got quite heated.
Finally, in 2005, Dutch ichthyologist Fred Poeser and colleagues Michael Kempkes and IsaÃc IsbrÃcker published a paper classifying the Endler taxonomically for the first time as a unique species.
They named the fish Poecilia wingei, to honor Dr Ãjvind Winge, a Dutch geneticist who performed significant early genetic work with guppies.
The classification was not without controversy.
Two years later, Tropical Fish Hobbyist magazine ran an article by frequent contributor Ted Coletti adamantly refuting the classification.
While there remains considerable controversy among experts, the aquarium community at large seems to have embraced the classification P. wingei.
But Are The Endlers You purchase at a local fish store Really Endlers?
One factor that has complicated classification is the ability of the Endler to breed/hybridize with the guppy.
Cross-breeding is so rampant that almost all enders found in retail are hybridized with guppies unless purchased from a reputable breeder.
A Seller's Reputation Matters!
Here are my definitions of the N,P & K-Class Endler Varieties based upon a summary of many years of research…
N-Class – Natural Random True (nearly identical in appearance to the untrained observer) Breeding Endler lines displaying correct documented wild coloration with a Native documented wild collection point location.
P-Class – Selectively Line bred and Pure Endler Genetics
K-Class – Guppy (Poecilia reticulata) /Endler (Poecilia wingei) Hybrids.
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Lotus Blooms at Livefins Aquatics
Dragon Peacock Cichlid 'Firefish' 4 Inch Breeder Colony $300 Plus Shipping or Free Local Pickup
Phenochilus 5 Inch Breeder Colony $550 Plus Shipping or Free Local Pickup
Method 2 Heat Pack Usage Installation Instructions Details
1.) After installing the styrofoam liner into the mailer, place a Styrofoam 'Heat Shield' approximately ¼" in thickness x the exact width x the height of the interior of the box used, minus 1 inch.
2.) Here are the gaps where the heat emitted from the heat pack will enter the compartment where the fish etc. will be packed later.
3.) Here is the packed box, where you can also see the gaps for the heat to enter the fish compartment.
4.) Loosely, Fold the heat pack along the red line several times to activate the heat pack.
5.) Fold the heat pack loosely along the red-line in the center and then place it folded in half as shown into the compartment between the heat shield.
6.) Completed, ready to place the Styrofoam liner lid into box, directly on top of heat pack compartment and live plants, fish, snail, shrimp compartment.
Method 1 Heat Pack Usage Installation Instructions Details
1.) Loosely, Fold the heat pack back and forth along the red line several times to activate the heat pack.
2.) Lay the heat pack on top of 2 – Styrofoam 'Heat Shields' approximately ¼" in thickness and almost the width of the box used.
3.) Place the red-line facing downward in the center of the gap between the 2 heat shields.
4.) Completed, ready to place the Styrofoam liner lid on top of the heat pack inside box, directly on top of heat pack.
Would you let me know what kind of water these fish are used to? Temperature, pH, any aquarium salt, added minerals, etc.
Your Fish have been raised in a greenhouse in 55 gallon breeder tanks and the water stays quite warm, 82 – 86 degrees this time of year with the early morning temperatures dipping to 76 degrees. They are accustomed to natural full day length exposure to sunlight and moonlight. The pH is a steady 7.6, the source is unfiltered Florida well water which naturally filters through a limerock aquifer, kH (calcium level) is quite high and no salt added. The TDS measures 390. I raise plants with them, so the tanks have Florida sandy soil as substrate and are heavily planted along with an assortment of invertebrates, scuds, snails, cherry shrimp, daphnia and cyclops are cultured within the same tanks. This lessens aggression between males and provides a constant variety of live food. I would not recommend placing these in a bare spotless tank and they will benefit by having lots of retreat area for the sub dominant males. Be sure to feed your existing tank mates at the same time as introducing them into your aquarium.
How can you identify the difference between 2 different types of Female Endlers, Guppies or Gambusia?
In this case, in order to be able to identify which of your Female Livebearers is the female Ginga Sulphureus, you'll need to count the number of Anal Fin rays and compare them with a known female of the type of Endler or Guppy you presume the fish may be and a Ginga sulphureus female. Unfortunately I do not know the counts on these off the top of my head, but I believe they are different especially if you are dealing with an N Class Pure Endler as compared with a mostly guppy genetic line such as the Ginga sulphureus… That's what I'd do to identify the fish in question. If they are the same then compare the dorsal fin ray counts as well.
What do you feed Malaysian Trumpet Snails and Red Ramshorn Snails?
The Red Ramshorn and Malaysian trumpet snails really like the spirulina wafers that I purchase from www.kensfish.com . The malaysian trumpets are a bit more carnivorous than the red ramshorn snails. They will eat cichlid pellets. They both tend to feed more during darkness. The Red Ramshorns will eat trimmings from aquatic plants or wilted lettuce as a treat. They both will do better with a little extra calcium which is dissolved in the water with the addition of some crushed coral as part of their substrate. Crushed coral goes by the names oolite and aragonite 0.030" grain size and is found in local pet stores for use in salt water aquariums mainly. I roughly mix ¾ silica free playsand with ¼ crushed coral.
Do Malaysian Trumpet Snails eat or kill Pond Snails?
I haven't ever seen a MTS attack a pond snail. I have many tanks with both of them. What I have observed is that pond snails seem to prefer plants and all of the tanks with both types do have plants. MTS are more carnivore than the pond snails, so if the primary source of food is Fish Flake they may out-compete the pond snails. Pond snails also eat more algae and in a super clean aquarium this would also allow them to be overtaken by the MTS population. Could this be what happened in your aquarium, or did you actually see the attack? Are you sure you don't have assassin snails? Mystery snails will eat flake refuse as well so they provide more competition to the MTS than the pond snails. I do observe the pond snails doing very well in with the mystery snails. Sorry I don't have a definite answer for you but they seem to coexist very well from what I've seen.
I bought a couple trio's from you in the past and they did not breed well. Could it have been my water conditions? I guess I need to buy some more since I have several males and no females. What are your water conditions? Thanks, Jeff
Hi Jeff,
Sorry to hear they haven't been as prolific as you'd like. You could be right, It may be your water conditions. Do you have any live plants in with them? What temperature are you maintaining? Have you tried cycling the water temperature? How much light is your tank receiving and have you tried varying the day length? What other fish are inhabiting the tank? I recommend you try to get you aquarium environment as similar as possible to the conditions these are born, bred and raised in as they are extremely prolific in the conditions / parameters around here. They are kept alone. All of my fish have been raised in Florida Aquifer fed well water which has a pH of 7.6 and conductivity of 290. They are born bred and raised in 55 gallon heavily planted aquariums all have substrate. I feed them a large variety of food. I feed them fish pearls larval diet, occasional freeze dried and frozen bloodworms, algae, live scuds, live and freeze dried daphnia, live ghost shrimp larvae, freeze dried Cyclops, mosquito larvae and fresh hatched brine shrimp. Most of these dry foods are available from www.kensfish.com. The live foods are cultured among the fish within the aquariums. I do not want to make this seem overcomplicated though, they are easy to care for. They are fed this large variety of feeds and are exposed to natural sunlight to bring out their best coloration and to maintain long term health.
They will thrive on just Tetramin or Ocean Nutrition flake food in a heavily planted aquarium with a ph above 7. The temperature in the greenhouse where they have been raised varies seasonally as they are in aquariums within the greenhouse. During the winter the water temperature will average 72 (64 in morning / 84 late afternoon) and during the summer 82 (72 in morning / 88 late afternoon). The variance is a natural occurrence these fish are well adapted to since they were originally collected from small ponds in hot climates.
They grow faster and breed more often in the warmer temperatures. They tend to drop fry the day before a full moon as well as the first day of the waxing moon. You may want to try using moonlight to try and trigger them to drop. Another trigger is to not change the water for 10-days prior to the optimal lunar cycle days and then perform a water change on either of those days. Hope this helps.
Do you have standard package quantities, I'd like to combine purchase items and economize on the shipping cost?
Depending on the package size there are 3 options that are most economical sense.
Padded Flat Rate USPS Priority Mail Envelope will hold 1 pair of adults or 6 fry.
Medium Flat Rate USPS Priority Mail will hold 6 pairs of young adults or 24 fry.
Large Flat Rate USPS Priority Mail 9 pairs of young adults or 36 fry.
What factors affect the gender ratio of Endlers?
As far as the Ender's producing more females, I can only guess. Are you sure they are mature enough to be certain of the gender, are they gravid? Gender is genetically determined. I think that if there are excellent conditions in your aquarium, possibly pheromones are being released that cause you to get more females to build the population of a colony in order to dominate. I've noticed when only 2 fry are produced often they are 1 male and 1 female. The release of pheromones may have something to do with survival of a species as well as affect the fertility of male sperm. I've seen this with Livebearers as well as mouth brooding cichlids. I've read that a higher pH will yield more females. I've read that higher temps can reduce the survival rate of male sperm. There is a lot of anecdotal information out there. Just go with your observations. If you'd like to change the gender ratio then you'll need to do something different with hardness, pH, temperature, lighting intensity as well as duration.
What are the criteria for Fry, Juvie, Young Adult, Breeder, Show Fish description of the age and size of Swordtails?
It really depends more on the your perspective which is usually based visually on size rather than age. Approximately any swordtails less than ¾ " would be perceived as fry and any larger than that would be considered Juvies, once they are mature enough to begin or start dropping fry Young Adult Size and Larger Fish would be considered Breeder Show Stock.
How should I care for my new Endlers when they first arrive?
They are similar to care for as with guppies, I'm sure once they've adapted they will become extremely hardy and prolific for you. I usually try to feed new endlers/guppies that I receive at least an hour after completion of acclimating with mosquito larvae as a treat to trigger eating behavior in their new environment and to stimulate movement throughout their digestive tract. More importantly, this has a laxative effect for the fish to get them adapted more quickly and get their digestion back in order. You could use frozen as well, but preferably something live.
What can you advice can you give me on the care of Frogbit Limnobium laevigatum?
I have had Frogbit, but it ended up melting away/outcompeted as the seasonal lighting changed and the water got cooler. In a static environment it still required nutrient rich water. It did much better in a heavily populated tank with some air stone movement to the surface on one corner of the aquarium and warm water at least 78 degrees. It did not like full sun, I grew it in my tanks in the shaded portion of the greenhouse where it only received indirect light. I use a mixture of Water Spangle Salvinia minima/duckweed/dwarf water lettuce and of those 3, the water spangle is the easiest and most tolerant of diverse growth conditions. Salvinia also can be easily collected from the surface of the aquarium if you need to remove it.
Hi, I'm new to Aquabid so please excuse me if I ask a question you have already answered through your ad. What days do you ship on? How soon after purchase do you mail? And, is it as simple as clicking 'buy me now' to purchase or is it easier for you to send me an invoice to my paypal? Thank you for your time.
Hi, Thanks for the inquiry! Welcome to online livefish and plant purchasing. I try to make this as similar to purchasing anything else you have purchased online with a conventional shopping cart. You can either choose my buy now button located in my listing and be directed to Paypal and use your Paypal account or a credit or debit card to check out. The other method is to use the Aquabid checkout system which sends an email to me letting me know you've purchased and then wait for a Paypal request for payment. You can also purchase the same items off of my website www.livefins.com . The choice is yours, whenever you are ready to purchase let me know and I can send a package to you on any Saturday, Monday, Tuesday or Wednesday. Some livestock can survive longer than others in transit while living in a box. Some livestock needs to be conditioned a day (small fish) or two (larger fish) before shipping, some can be sent the same day (snails, plants). The main thing we (live fish sellers) try to avoid is extra days sitting in the post office over Sundays as this adds risk to the survival and well-being of whatever you purchase. I welcome any questions you may have that will make this purchase enjoyable and easy!
Kordon Breather Bag Satchels
Can Scuds and Shrimp be kept together?
Scuds and Shrimp can be kept together, however the scuds can eventually out-compete the shrimp. Short term they can be kept together very well, the scuds tolerate more extreme ph fluctuation and temperature variance and are more prolific for this reason and will likely outperform the shrimp breeding, so they will crowd the shrimp out eventually. But if you are regularly harvesting the scuds only this may work very well for you. The nauplii (baby shrimp) are hard to distinguish from the very young scuds. If you decide to keep them together harvest scuds that are large enough to be certain they are scuds.
How big are these Scuds as adults? I would like to feed them to Betta fish, & don't know much about them.
Thank you for the inquiry, These range in size from 1/16″ to 5/16″ in length. Adults are about the same size as an adult brine shrimp. They make excellent food for your bettas. The bettas will eat the smaller ones first and the largest breeders will be the last to go, which enable the scuds to reproduce in their tank.
Here is some additional culturing information:
They do real well in a dirty/green water 10 gallon tank with playsand, naja grass, an airline that lets a bubble per second reach the surface and duckweed being fed an algae wafer every other day. They are much easier to culture compared to daphnia. Scuds are far less demanding than shrimp but similar, so I'm sure you will not have any problem keeping them. They seem to do best with sand substrate to borough with some coarse gravel to provide hiding places not completely covering the sand, floating plants such as duckweed and salvinia and Naja grass throughout the tank. They love algae wafers and eat any type flake food although I provide them with spirulina flake most often. One wafer to about 250 scuds should last 2-days. They feed on mulm, hair and thread algae (not especially fond of filamentous type though). Caution, they may out compete slower reproducing shrimp. They can coexist much like shrimp with smaller fish like guppies and endlers. These have been raised in Florida well water high gh water, fairly low conductivity of 290. The cleaner the tank the more supplemental food for best results. They are more active at night. They really don't seem to mind dirty water as they thrive in some of my wet/dry filters as well. If you have any other specific questions please do not hesitate to ask.
Can you tell me if your RREA snakeskin guppies are prolific and do they eat their fry? Have you out crossed this line at all or is this the original strain from Asia you've worked with?
The F1's RREA Snakeskins are prolific now. The F0 parents took almost 3 months until they had Fry. The F1's are having fry since they were about 3 months old and do not eat their fry.
The original fish I bought from Mokkom and Topshowguppy on Aquabid and the RREA Tuxedo's were by luck.
Currently, I maintain 3 different lines of them.
Line 1: RREA Snakeskin X RREA Solid Red IFGA Standard
Line 2: RREA Snakeskin X RREA Snakeskin (All Asian)
Line 3: RREA Snakeskin X RREA Red Head Tuxedo (Red Head / Tux Green Body / Red Tail)
Lines 1 and 2 throw similar looking progeny except Line 1 will throw about 10% solids.
Line 3 Just had their first batch, so I'm anxious to see what they will look like.
Ramshorn Snails and Dwarf Indian Puffers as Tankmates
I have 3 Indian dwarf puffers in my tank. I've read that these snails are a perfect diet for them. I'm pretty unfamiliar with these snails. But have read that they are considered somewhat of a nuisance due to their fast rate of breeding. I'd just like your opinion on how many I might wind up with starting out with the 6 in your auction? Also, the weather is very cold in northwest Indiana (where I live) and, I'd also like to know if it is a bad idea to have them shipped in such cold weather? I'm hoping for a very good balance between their breeding rate & the rate at which my puffers thin their population. I'd also like them to breed somewhat faster than the puffers eat them to allow them to help remove dead plant debris as I have a very heavily planted tank.
Hello, Thank you for the inquiry. I've got a pair of Spotted Puffers in a 120 gallon tank with regular Brown Ramshorns and the Ramshorns were in the tank before the Puffers. Before the Puffers arrived the Ramshorns roamed about the tank in the open, once the Puffers were around they hide most of the time and there are not nearly as many. I've watched the puffers 'slurp' the snails from their shell whenever I toss a few snails in from the wet/dry filter. I think the dwarfs will allow more of the Ramshorns to survive and are a better choice for fancier snails. Ramshorns are extremely prolific and I doubt that every single one would ever be eaten. Ramshorns will survive being shipped even in the winter weather we've had this year. They tolerate 55 degree water quite well and as long as we include a 72-hour heat pack they will ship aok.
Will the Ginga Rubra Guppies and Japanese Blue Endlers hybridize? Have you hybridized them before? What is the result? What temperature do you keep them at? Any special care instruction for them? Do they like certain food? I'm just feeding them crushed tropical flakes and shrimp pellets mixed together.
The Ginga Rubras will crossbreed with the Japanese Blue Endlers, that will be an interesting cross. I haven't made that cross, but both lines have strong autosomal traits (non-gender based) and should be a stable and healthy line. I keep them at 82, which I'd consider optimal but they will tolerate 55 – 92 degrees. They do very well on a quality flake food, I add AP larval diet, freeze dried bloodworms, freeze dried Cyclops, live mosquito larvae, daphnia, scuds, occasional newly hatched brine shrimp and algae. They will feed on algae and even thread algae on plants and so I allow it to grow on 3 sides of their tanks for the biological value. I enjoy endlers and endler hybrid guppies because they tend to not always be on the surface behaving more like wild livebearers rather than like delta tail guppies. Please send a photo of the blue/gingas when they color up, they should be beautiful, stay in touch.
My Naja Grass seems to be losing color. Idk if it's just me or it doesn't look as healthy
In the winter time when the daylight is shorter, the lower leaves of the Naja tend to be a bit lighter, slightly olive in color. Your naja was grown in a greenhouse and relies on natural daylight. Increase the time your light is on to 12 hours and the Naja will grow as it does in the summer with brighter green color. The naja in your photo looks good and healthy, believe me I grow plenty of it. If you have a cow pasture nearby add a golf ball size piece of dried manure and I'm sure combined with 12 hours of light your naja will flourish and explode with growth.
I live in Wisconsin. With the weather being what it is, if I were to purchase Hyalella azteca from you would they arrive in good condition?
Hello, Thank you for the inquiry, Scuds can tolerate cold water as long as it doesn't freeze solid. 72-Hour Heat Packs are the maximum duration available. Well insulated packing 'stretches' us up to 96 hours allowance for transit time of the Scuds. Priority Mail should deliver within 72 hours.
Is NAJA Grass plant a floating type or does it have roots that can be planted in a gravel or sand substrate? No ferts of any type?
Hello and Thank you for the inquiry. Naja Grass for the most part grows floating. When it is growing very well, it sends roots downward toward your substrate to anchor itself and or to obtain more nutrients. Sometimes it will drop roots down toward wherever mulm tends to accumulate within your aquarium. I've also intentionally planted it in gravel and found that it will spread under gravel much like terrestrial grass. So really it is your choice as it seems to thrive either method. I find it does well without additional fertilizing when housed with Fish. Without additional live inhabitants I will occasionally, about once every 3 months add a golf ball portion of dried cow manure per 10 gallon aquarium. If the water starts to turn green either from the manure temporarily remove it or add Daphnia and Scuds.
Are the Colors of Your Champion Purple Peacock Guppy Fish Manipulated in Photoshop?
Thank you for your inquiry. I agree there are many who think it is ok to manipulate the color of a fish. I do not. I take all photos in sunlight without a flash, I think this brings out the true color of a fish at its best. I do clean up the backgrounds from any distractions such as bubbles on the glass or blurred fish though to highlight and focus on the beauty of the particular fish in my listings. I raise my fish in a greenhouse within aquariums and that gives a boost to the chromatophores since the fish have been raised exposed to natural sunlight, I use no supplemental artificial light of any kind. They also receive live food in addition to a wide variety of flake and freeze dried foods every day of their lives while being raised along with green water, live plants, snails, scuds, daphnia and Cyclops. I believe the results are noticeable. These particular guppies also have a great lineage featuring deep coloration with outstanding finnage. So for these reasons I think they are better than average ifga moscows. Please feel free to call or email any additional questions or comments.
Great Information and Observations of Assassin Snails
I started this over on the Arizona Inverts Forum (http://arizonainverts.com/forums/)but the mods annoyed me enough I thought I would post it here.:) (okay they asked really nicely so I gave in)
The Assassin Snail
Your friendly neighborhood Assassin Snail
I became interested in this little snail when I began to be overrun with MTS. I was looking for a new and non-toxic way to remove the excess snails from my tanks, little did I know it would lead to an obsession with inverts. So off into the happy world of the internet I went only to end up more confused and lost than when I started. The person who says ignorance is bliss got it so right. Now in no way is this to be a definitive article but more or less a place to gather all of the info I can find and put it into a format that may help someone else interested in these neat little snails.
So here is what I have found:
Kingdom Animalia: Metoza
Phyllum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda Orthogastropoda Caenogastropoda Cox, 1959
Order: Sorbeoconcha Hypsogastropoda Muricoidea da Costa, 1776
Family: Buccinidae Rafinesque, 1815
Senus: Anentome Cossmann, 1901
Species: Anentome Helena/Clea Helena*
Common Name: Assassin Snail/Killer Snail
Diet: Carnivorous/Scavenager
Temp: 74-82
Size: 1″
*Now from what I have been able to deduce there are 11 very similar snails spread all over Asia with the closest relative in Thailand. The Thailand Snail from what I have been able to deduce is actually Clea Helena where the Clea Anentome Helena is the Indonesia species we call the Assassin Snail. So I wonder if the Clea has the same habits why we have not seen it in the trade before, although I will admit the markings on the Anentome are a lot more defined and colorful. Basically all 11 are freshwater Whelks snails and feed off of mainly meaty remains or as in the case of our sweet little snail, will hunt down other live snails. From what I have been able to gather all 11 will hunt down other snails but that has not been confirmed.
Our Assassin Sails as we know them were first described in 1847 but did not appear in the hobby until around 2007 due to a whole lot of different reasons. Found in the Sulawesi region of Indonesia they are present in ponds, rivers, streams, and lakes throughout the region so they are a hardy little snail. I keep mine in a 15 gallon tank with loads of MTS, PS, Ramshorn, and Cherry Shrimp. The 5 adults I originally received dove in after a couple of days and started hunting down MTS like there was no tomorrow.
Assassin taking down an MTS half it size bigger
Assassins they will eat on average 1 snail a day, half to half again their size. They do have a preference for snails like the Ramshorn where the body is easier to get to and there is no door for the victim to pull back and hide behind. I have seen them track like a cruise missile all the way across the tank to get a Ramshorn and passed up the slower MTS to chase down the Ramshorn and devour it. I put 3 PS in my tank to start a colony for the baby Assassins and all but 1 was gone in less than 24 hours. The last PS's days are numbered I'm sure. Right now the PS hangs at the top of a Val where the Assassin's can't get to it. I was lucky in the fact that they did lay 3 egg batches before being devoured. Assassins as far as I know will not attack their own kind nor eat their own kind if they die. They will eat other snails that are dead, this was confirmed when an assassin took down a larger MTS and couldn't finish the meal about 4 hours later another Assassin came across the remains and finished it off. Also Assassins will gang feed on a snail larger than themselves. I saw 2 of my babies' gang up on a larger MTS and then feed side by side until the snail was gone. They have also been known to gang up on larger snails like the Apple/Mystery snails to take them down.
Assassins feed by first grasping the prey and then inserting a feeding tube into the snails shell and basically liquefying the snail and sucking out the remains. They will also actively hunt, but also lay in ambush of another snail. I moved a few of my babies over to a tank with sand in it and they proceeded to bury themselves to a point where all that stuck out of the sand was there little trunk appendage. They would then wait until a snail of suitable size was close then motor out of the sand and grab the snail. This type of behavior has led me to 2 conclusions the first being that the trunk is used for smelling and hunting down prey, and the second is that they do come from both rocky and muddy/sandy substrate areas.
Now one thing that is known is you do need a male and a female to get any eggs. At this time I do not know of any way to sex them and I don't know if there is, I have only been able to sex mine by watching them closely. Will say that my females are the largest snails in the tank and the smaller males will latch on to a female and ride around the tank for 1/2 a day or more with her. This only happens after the snails have fed. They need to be .75 of an inch to a full inch to be sexually mature.
Another rumor that has been going around is that Assassins are a live bearer that too is a myth below you will see a picture of an egg casing. It was also said that they only lay one egg every 10 days or so that is also untrue. My assassins will lay 2 to 15 eggs a day after a good feeding for a couple of days and then will stop until they feed again. I also have it from several people that they will continue to lay eggs as long as there is meaty foods like frozen blood worms present. This has been confirmed but the rate of egg production and the rate of survival of the baby assassins declines dramatically. In the absence of meaty foods it has been reported that they will survive on regular fish food. Well look at your labels folks most fish foods have a high protein count, they will survive on any high protein food if live is not around. I do not know if they could survive without meaty foods and really don't want to try it myself, but once I have a colony big enough I can spare a few I might just to confirm or debunk this rumor as it will help all who want to keep these guys and keep them happy. They have been rumored to eat algae wafers but if egg production continues are to be seen.
Now as far as hatching and growth go it seems both of these are a rather long process. With only one egg per case they will not become as invasive in your tanks as some species, but they could become the only species in a hurry. It takes 3 to 4 weeks for the eggs to hatch and that long if not longer before you will be able to readily spot the youngsters. The growth of these snails is slow compared to other 4 to 8 months to reach full size based on the amounts of food and temp of the tank. Also with needing one of each sex as soon as you can confirm the females you can remove them to another tank and that will stop any egg production, or since the eggs are so large and easy to see just remove the eggs. Here are some pictures of the snails emerging from the egg sacs.
2 baby assassins all snug in their bed
One got up and left his bed
One baby assassin off to kill a snail dead
Below you will see pictures of an assassin snail about a week old. You can already start to see the bands and where the elephant like nose is going to be. When they are first born they are hard to tell apart from MTS or PS fry without magnification. The best way to do this is watch the snail if it moves along smoothly it is either a PS or an assassin. If it moves along by pulling itself it is a MTS fry. Now to ID it from the PS fry you need to get it side on and you will see that its shell is held higher than that of a PS.
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The babies apparently move to new territories in the wild kind of like baby spiders. I have seen several climb to a high point hang from some kind of string or slime trail and get caught up in the current to float around the tank for several minutes before coming to rest. This makes me think that to disperse in the wild they must do the same thing to float down stream. So using a sponge over your filter intake or a sponge filter is a must if you want your babes to survive.
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A few other fun things I have Observed in no set order….
– One rumor I have heard is that when you place Assassin snails in a tank all the other snails will start to act weirdly. That could explain why every MTS in my tank is headed for the top of the tank and just keep going around and around the tank. I have seen the Assassin's climb up latch onto a snail pull it free and free fall to the bottom to finish its meal. I can say that this is a probable thing because when I removed the adults all of the medium to larger snails migrated back to the bottom.
– When Assassins are small they go into hiding and are hard to find. When they are about the size of a grain of sand I saw them very rarely. Too find them I would take a flash light about an hour after lights out and look below the gravel line. My tank has real large gravel and they along with the baby shrimp are hiding in among it. There are about a 100 egg casing and some still to hatch and at any given time I can find no more than 15.
– After about 3 weeks they are now about the size of the plastic ball on a straight pin and you can see the stripes and their little trunk with the human eye.
– 3 weeks was when I saw my first confirmed kill by a baby so what and if they ate before that I cannot say.
– I have confirmed that the baby assassins are eating blood worms so if you are low on small snails there is a backup plan.
– Okay getting bigger now I have some that are about .5 inch long so they seem to go thru a growth spurt once they actually start feeding on snails. My thoughts are at this time that they feed off detritus and other food sources until they reach a certain size and then start to feed on live snails.
– Another weird thing is that I have eggs hatching 2 months after being laid. I have not had any adults in the tank for over 2 months and I have some assassins that are hatchling size wandering around. Now I will admit it could be a slow grower or king of the tank type thing where some are bigger and some are smaller, but not this big a difference in size. Also egg casings that I thought were dead are suddenly empty. This all started after I started to seed the tank with very small snails for all the babies in the tank so it makes me wonder if hatching can be held off by lack of food somehow. *Update* I have come to the conclusion that there is 2 factors in the delayed hatching Temp and food source. When I raised the temp a little the eggs hatched quicker around 2 weeks in time. Also when i started feeding the tank small baby feeder snails the other eggs that had not hatched started to hatched. So temp and food all make a difference on the hatching rate and time.
-At 2 months most of the Assassins babes have moved up and out of the gravel and are easy to spot. I'm assuming this is because of the size of the gravel used. The ones I have in my sand bottom tanks readily bury themselves all the way up to their nose in the sand. I still have to spot a single baby in the fine graveled tank where the parents laid their first batch of eggs. I can only say at this point they may have been eaten when they were young by other tank mates. *Update* I now have confirmed babies but they did not appear until almost .25 of an inch in size in the sand tank.
-at 3 months I have also noticed that most of the snails have flipped over to a hunting life style. I'm seeing a lot of kills and even quite a few gang kills. My population of baby MTS now has to be beefed up at least once a week and that is straining my feeder tanks ability to keep up. *Update* They have completely cleaned a 29 Gallon tank of snails, except for the very small MTS. This was a tank that had close to 500+ adult MTS and probably 100+ Ramshorn snails. Now all that I have is a bunch of empty shells and hungry Assassins.
-At 2 months since eggs were first laid I have snails all the way up to the size of a pea and down to just hatchling size. These are all from the batches laid no more than a week apart so I can only assume that the hatch time is not set in stone and can vary.
-One thing that is becoming a stronger belief is that Assassins may inject a paralytic toxin into their prey. This comes from observations of some respected keepers and myself, but will take someone with a degree to confirm.
-The male from my observations tends to be the smaller one and have the thinner stripes and the female tends to be larger with bigger stripes. Now this in no way is 100% for determining which is which but is just gathered from observing my snails.
-I have started an experiment and moved some Nerites in with the Assassins in 3 of my tanks here are the stats:03.01.09
75 gallon 4 Nerites from a small olive in size to large zebra 8 adult Assassins lots of MTS (can't find 2 of the nerites but I cannot find shells either probably up under something hiding as they are known to do)
15 gallon 2 large Nerites 2 smaller Assassins and 2 Adult Assassins a few feeder snails and extras added once a week or so
29 gallon 40+ Adult Assassins and unknown number of babes 1 large Nerite about 30 to 50 feeders added once a week but wiped out in a day or so.
This has been going on two months now and I cannot report any confirmed Nerite losses yet. (05.03.09)
It has been confirmed that Assassins can and will eat dwarf shrimp. Please understand this is a very rare thing. Assassins are opportunistic feeders and it will only occur with really dumb shrimp or when the shrimp is in the wrong place at the wrong time. For a capture to occur the snail has to be in the perfect position to make a grab because most of the time the shrimp just scoot away like nothing happened. I will still stand by the statement that these snails are the best way to rid a tank of pest snails and are shrimp safe.
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So in conclusion please keep in mind as with all animals never release any into the wild I can see how these could become a real invasive species very quickly. I will also add to this as I make more observations or more confirmable facts come to light.
Betty Davis Eyes
MTS = Malaysian Tunneling/Trumpet Snail
PS = Pouch/Tadpole Snail/Bladder/True Pond type snail
Low Tech Aquatic Gardening Tips
Here is what I'd do if you're having trouble with floating plants or rooted for that matter: *Water Temperature needs to be consistently 80-84 degrees for maximum growth rate. A thin layer of Seachem Flourite or oak leaves within your substrate, recommended especially if you're water is soft to add minerals. *If you have access to aged cow manure add about a golf ball sized amount per 10 gallons. Make sure you've met at least a Medium Light requirement. Make sure your tank is not completely overgrown could be too much competition. *If your using 100% artificial light, make sure you're not using exclusively using cool white light bulbs, these have too much blue (cool) not enough red (warm) spectrum. You may try 3 or 4 different species at the same time to find what works best. When I receive a new aquatic plant that I'm not familiar with, it will be planted in several different tanks with different lighting conditions. i.e. A friend had given me some Hygrophila carambosa and said give it as much light as you can. I tried it out in one of my full sun plant pools in the greenhouse and found it did better in the semi-shaded pool conditions. You'll also learn more about the care of your plants that way. * Suggestions that are especially beneficial for Dwarf Water Lettuce, Duckweed, Dwarf Water Lilies Hope this sheds some insight for you.
What Are the Water Conditions and Parameters For Livefins Aquastock?
I raise these particular fish in a greenhouse in a 55 gallon breeder tank with some endlers and the water stays quite warm. 82 – 86 degrees this time of year. The pH is 7.6, source is unfiltered Florida well water which filters though a limerock aquifer, kH is quite high. The TDS measures 390. I raise plants with them, so the tank has Florida sandy soil as substrate and is heavily planted along with scuds, daphnia and cyclops cultured within same tank. This lessens aggression between males. I would not recommend placing all 3 of these in a bare tank or without females and lots of retreat area for the sub dominant males.
What Do You Feed Your Endlers?
They were raised on daphnia, mosquito larvae, scuds, brine flake, earthworm flake, guppy flake millings, spirulina wafers, algae on the glass and plants, snail waste and golden pearls 100-250 micron size in an overgrown plant tank.
Scuds 'Hyalella azteca' a.k.a. Gammarus sp.
They do real well in a dirty/green water 10 gallon tank with playsand, naja grass, an airline that lets a bubble per second reach the surface and duckweed being fed an algae wafer every other day. They are much easier to culture compared to daphnia. Scuds are far less demanding than shrimp but similar, so I'm sure you will not have any problem keeping them. They seem to do best with sand substrate to borough with some coarse gravel to provide hiding places not completely covering the sand, floating plants such as duckweed and salvinia and Naja grass throughout the tank. They love algae wafers and eat any type flake food although I provide them with spirulina flake most often. One wafer to about 250 scuds should last 2-days. They feed on mulm, hair and thread algae (not especially fond of filamentous type though). Caution, they may out compete slower reproducing shrimp. They can coexist much like shrimp with smaller fish like guppies and endlers. These have been raised in Florida well water high gh water, fairly low conductivity of 290. The cleaner the tank the more supplemental food for best results. They are more active at night. They really don't seem to mind dirty water as they thrive in some of my wet/dry filters as well. If you have any other specific questions please do not hesitate to ask.
Welcome to LIVEFINS Aquatics!
Year Round Source for Exotic Guppies, N, P and K Type Endlers, Swordtails, Scuds, Daphnia and More!
Instant Payments may be made to Paypal Email Address: firstname.lastname@example.com * Please add $2.50 if you require a heat pack.
Hey There Aquabid Enthusiasts, I offer 100% American Tropical Fish that have been bred and raised with the most delicate care at my Tropical Fish Farm in Brooksville, Florida. I know you would like healthy, hand selected fish and my goal is to provide you all of that along with quality and sometimes rarity at an affordable price. I can accept credit cards over the phone or from my website directly and of course accept paypal here on Aquabid, which I prefer and offer a live guarantee and replacement for doas. Replacements for doas require a picture of the dead fish in the bag they arrive in then a payment for re-shipping. I ship priority with hot or cold packs ($2.50 each if requested) but will also ship express if requested. Buyer pays shipping. I've been in the hobby for over 25 years and still enjoy fish and seek to learn more about our hobby. You can contact me with any questions, comments or special requests and offers if you do not wish to wait for an auction to complete.


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A story about a man who approached me outside the train station.
The other day a guy came up to me while I was waiting for a cab outside the train station (where homeless people constantly ask for money), and said "excuse me mate". I had already turned away a few people so I said "sorry I've got no change" and he went apeshit. Absolutely apeshit, he was saying "You've insulted me, do I look homeless? Look at my clobber, how am I homeless, look at my clobber!" No matter how much I tried to apologise, he was apopleptic with indignation that I had assumed a scruffy pale bloke approaching strangers outside a train station in the middle of the night would want money.
I finally managed to calm him down after a bit, although I was ready to hit him in the face. I said to him "OK so what did you actually want?" and he said "I've got no change for the bus, I need £4 to get back"
FUCK'S SAKE. Luckily my cab arrived and I went home, to my home that I live in.

subset: commoncrawl


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Track Premiere & FREE DOWNLOAD: "I Am A Human" by Ziggy Marley
Posted: January 1st, 2017
Happy new year family! Here is my new song I give thanks for the inspiration.
Please share it to as many as you can, do your part and know that no matter what, it is time for the vision of love, peace, equality, justice and our true human potential to be the reality. Listen out for more new music soon. Love #IAMAHUMAN


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We all rely on accessories to get us through our days. From cell phones to mp3 players, these helpful items keep your day (mostly) productive and allow you to be worry-free as you take care of business. So why would you forget things like mitts, goggles, or a car when you go to the mountain?! Don't worry, we have you covered with your must-have 2014 snowboard accessories for the coming snowboard season!
For more 2014 gear, pick up the November issue of SNOWBOARDER on newsstands or in digital format.
For more from these brands:
Anon M2 goggle – Sherpa – www.anonoptics.com
Burton Gore-Tex Under Mitt – www.burton.com
Dakine BC Vest – www.dakine.com
DVS Yodeler Boot – www.dvsshoes.com/snow
Electric EG2 Solar goggle – www.electricvisual.com
Neff Character Mitt – Burger & Fries – www.neffheadwear.com
Patagonia Men's Slopestyle Hoody – www.patagonia.com
Thirtytwo Crab Hands – www.thirtytwo.com
Toyota 2014 4Runner – Trail – www.toyota.com/4runner
For more Tech Tuesdays:
2014 snowboards
2014 boots and bindings
2014 outerwear


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Former political candidate Errington Webster forcefully stated "not guilty" to each of the four charges of gross indecency read to him at his arraignment in Grand Court on Friday (14 October).
Mr. Webster's attorney then asked for a jury trial to be held as quickly as possible. A two-week block was scheduled for 16 January.
A former senior Fire Services official, Mr. Webster is accused of sexually touching a girl under age 16, and asking her to do the same for him. He remains on bail though largely confined to a relative's house.


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Dr Ken Harvey* discusses the current evidentiary requirements for a company to list a complementary medicines. He also suggests where to find information before purchasing or using a complementary medicine.
The vast majority of complementary medicines are classified by the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) as listed medicines (labelled AUST L). Consumers need to be aware of the limitations of an AUST L label. Unlike registered medicines (labelled AUST R) there is no pre-market assessment of listed products. Sponsors self-certify that the ingredients are picked from a TGA approved list; that the products are manufactured in accord with good manufacturing practice (GMP) and they hold evidence supporting the claims made. Only limited post-marketing reviews are performed by the TGA.
The strength of the listing system is that consumers have some assurance of product quality and protection from unsafe ingredients. It also provides sponsors with rapid market entry at minimal cost. The weakness of the system is that many sponsors exploit the trust-based system. For example, a 2009–10 TGA post-marketing review found as many as 90 per cent of complementary medicines noncompliant with regulatory requirements(1).
The large number of upheld complaints about the promotion of complementary medicines by the Therapeutic Goods Advertising Complaint Resolution Committee provides further evidence of problems(2). The lack of timely and significant penalties for breaches of the Therapeutic Goods Act and the Therapeutic Goods Advertising Code also encourages regulatory noncompliance.
In response to consumer and health professional concerns the TGA has embarked on a 4-year program of regulatory reform(3). It remains to be seen whether these measures will clean up the complementary medicines industry. Meanwhile, what can consumers do?
A survey by the NPS showed that the three most common sources of complementary medicines information for consumers were family and friends, the Internet and health food shop workers.(4) These information sources are of variable quality, reliability and authority.
For example a friend might say, "It worked for me" and product web sites often contain glowing testimonials. But the plural of anecdote is not evidence.
There are a number of reasons why consumers (and practitioners) convince themselves that a treatment is effective when it is not. These include the natural history of disease, the placebo effect, confirmation bias (seeing what you expect to see) and cognitive dissonance (ignoring results not in accord with expectations). Endorsement of products by "celebrities" who receive multimillion payments should raise even more suspicion.(5)
In short, personal evaluation of efficacy is quick, convincing and often wrong, while double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials are slow, complex, and costly. However, the latter are important as they often show that initially promising results are not replicated by larger and better conducted studies.(6)
Another common claim implying benefit is that it's a "traditional medicine" with a long history of use. Traditional use has revealed many useful herbal products such as Artemisia annua for the treatment of malaria and St John's Wort for the management of mild to moderate depression. But traditional therapies have also proved to be harmful; the bloodletting that was routinely performed for centuries by the medical profession is a classic example. When clinical trials were conducted, bloodletting was shown to kill patients, not cure them. Scientific study is required. The TGA points out that claims based solely on a tradition of use should not imply efficacy. (7)
"Natural" is another advertising claim that implies that these medicines are safer (and healthier) than prescription products produced by Big Pharma. While it's true that complementary medicines are relatively low risk products, low risk does not mean no risk. For example, Echinacea can cause allergic reactions, Black cohosh has been associated with rare cases of liver failure requiring liver transplantation and St John's Wort interacts with a wide range of conventional drugs including oral contraceptives.(8)
Recognition of such problems can be difficult because many patients do not tell their doctors that they are taking complementary medicines and doctors often don't ask. In addition, ineffective complementary medicines have a significant adverse effect on consumer's purses (or hip pockets) and, more importantly, they can delay or prevent the use of more evidence-based therapy.
Another problem is that herbal products consist of a complex mix of chemical ingredients. Just as all red wine is not Grange Hermitage, different products containing the same herb are not necessarily chemically or therapeutically equivalent. Variability can be caused by the use of different species or subspecies, growth conditions, methods of cultivation, the time of year and stage of growth cycle harvested, extraction methods, and formulation and storage of the finished product.
Even glucosamine (used for arthritis) is available as several salts, in many different formulations and with varied evidence of efficacy from clinical trials. (9)
Unlike generic versions of prescription drugs, the TGA does not require evidence of therapeutic equivalence with proven complementary products. As a result, there is no certainty that all formulations of a generic complementary medicine, for example St John's Wort, are efficacious. Because of this, some complementary therapists sell particular "practitioner only" products that they believe are more likely to be efficacious. However, this practice produces a clear conflict of interest and these practitioners should be asked for the evidence justifying the product they sell.
In summary, if contemplating purchasing an evidence-based complementary medicine:
1. Ask a qualified, registered health practitioner for advice, especially concerning:
1.1. E vidence of efficacy from well conducted clinical trials concerning the specific product recommended;
1.2. Possible side-effects and potential interactions with your existing therapy.
2. Search the Therapeutic Goods Advertising Complaint Resolution Panel (TGACRP) web site to see if complaints about a product's claims have been upheld: http://www.tgacrp.com.au/index.cfm?pageID=13
3. The National Prescribing Service (NPS) has useful information for consumers on complementary medicines as well as over-the-counter and prescription medicines: http://www.nps.org.au/
4. The web site of the U.S. National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM), also has a lot of useful information: http://nccam.nih.gov/
5. Keep your knowledge up-to-date; many clinical trials are under way and the evidence keeps changing.
6. Finally, and most importantly, always tell your GP and other health professionals about all the medicines you are taking including complementary medicines.
Dr Ken Harvey for Consumer Health Forum of Australia
Originally published in Health Voices Journal, Issue 11, November 2012. The link to the original article can be found here.
Dr Ken Harvey is an Adjunct Associate Professor, School of Public Health, La Trobe University and is a member of the TGA Working Group on Regulatory Reform of Complementary Medicines.
1. Australian National Audit Office. Therapeutic Goods Regulation: Complementary Medicines, 2011. http://www.anao.gov.au/Publications/Audit–
Reports/2011–2012/Therapeutic-Goods-Regulation- Complementary-Medicines/Audit-brochure
2. Therapeutic Goods Advertising Complaint Resolution Committee. Complaint Summary for 2010. http://www.tgacrp.com.au/uploaded/File/ComplaintsSummaryFor2010.doc
3. Australian Government. TGA reforms: A blueprint for TGA's future, 2011. http://www.tga.gov.au/pdf/media–2011–tga-reforms-111208-a.pdf
4. Williamson M, Tudball J, Toms M, Garden F, and Grunseit A. Information Use and Needs of Complementary Medicines Users. National Prescribing Service, Sydney, December 2008.
5. Sharp A. Kidman new face of Swisse vitamins. The Daily Telegraph, August 31, 2012. http://www.news.com.au/news/nicole-kidman-to-lead-healthsupplement-company-swisses-world-push/storyfnejlvvj-1226462077515#ixzz2674ipl00
6. Rizos EC, Ntzani EE, Bika E, et al. Association Between Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation and Risk of Major Cardiovascular Disease Events A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA. 2012; 308(10): 1024–1033. http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1357266
7. Therapeutic Goods Administration. Consultation: Evidence required to support indications for listed medicines (excluding sunscreens and disinfectants), 27 August 2012. http://www.tga.gov.au/newsroom/consult-cm-evidence-listed-medicines-120827.htm
8. Braun L, Cohen M. Herbs & Natural Supplements. An evidence-based guide. 3nd Ed. Sydney: Elsevier Mosby, 2010
9. Vlad SC, LaValley MP, McAlindon TE, Felson DT. Glucosamine for pain in osteoarthritis: why do trial results differ? Arthritis Rheum 2007; 56: 2267–77.


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Raw vs Cooked Food
Raw Food versus Cooked Food
Negative effects of Processed and Cooked Foods
- Stripping grain of it's bran and germ in the process of milling and bleaching also strips the vitamins and minerals and live enzyme content.
- Processed foods contain disease-causing flavor enhancers, added chemicals, added sugar, colouring agents/dyes and are often prepared with trans fats.
- The process of cooking foods above 115 – 120 degrees farenheit (46.1 – 48.8 degrees celsius) destroys the live enzyme content of the food along with destroying vitamins and minerals.
- Use of microwaves destroys the antioxidants along with essential amino acids and essential fatty acids and enzymes.
- Cooking foods at high temperatures along with the use of salt in preserving and smoking forms nitrosamines which is linked to colon and stomach cancer.
- Cooking meat at high temperatures create Heterocyclic amines and Acrylimides which are also linked to cancer.
- A diet of non-organic processed and/or fried/cooked food contributes to a blood ph that is acidic. This creates an environment for diseases to thrive in.
- All of these effects combined may increase the onset of diseases such as cancer. Other diseases associated with cooked food include obesity, diabetes, renal failure, atherosclerosis, arthritis, macular degeneration, cardiovascular disease, neuropathy, nephoropathy and more.
You are what you eat. If a prepared food includes unpronounceable ingredients consider another choice.
Benefits of Raw Foods
- Raw food contains active live enzymes along with essential amino acids (building blocks of all cellular activity).
- Raw foods have higher nutritional values than cooked processed foods.
- Raw food provides the body with an excellent source of food energy… as compared to unhealthful caloric sugar rushes.
- Raw nuts contain many essential fatty acids that aid the body in healing and maintaining peak health.
- Raw food are known to include beneficial gut flora and micro-organisms that populate the digestive tract aiding in digestion.
- Raw foods like fruit and vegetables contain high levels of antioxidants.
- Raw food tastes fantastic.
For an excellent introduction of raw nutritious food and a stark examination of our corrupt food culture I suggest John Robbin's excellent books on food "Diet for a New America" and "Food Revolution" .
Children and Raw Diets
- Vitamin B12
- Vitamin D
- Dried Barley Grass Juice/Wheatgrass Juice
- Spirulina
- Chlorella
Preparing Raw Food
Many raw foods are simple to prepare. Fruits, salads and many other dishes that have been slightly altered from traditional preparations. There are many wonderful books that explore this type of cuisine.
The three basic tenants of a more vigorous Raw-ism include raw food, sprouted seeds and nuts and fermented foods. Juiliano Brotman and Erika Lenkert's book titled "Raw… The UnCook Book" is outright Raw Gourmet and the recipes included cover such topics as nut cheeses, nut and seed butters and desserts. At this level of preparing and dining raw food becomes a delicacy.
Juicing is another excellent way to increase raw food in one's diet.
Some Foods That Need to Be Cooked
- Kidney beans, including sprouts, are toxic when raw..
- Raw eggs contain avidin, a vitamin B7 or biotin inhibitor.
- Raw seeds of peas can cause lathyrism.
- Raw Brassica species can contain glucosinolate.
- Raw parsnips contain furanocoumarin.
- Raw foods, particularly raw meat, may contain harmful bacteria. Other parasites and viruses may also be present, such as Toxoplasma, Trichinella or rotavirus which may cause serious foodborne illnesses.
- Raw milk may contain Mycobacterium bovis (which can cause non-pulmonary tuberculosis).
- Raw sweet potato, cabbage, cauliflower, turnips, rutabaga, canola oil, cassava, pinenuts, mustard, millet, soybeans and peanuts contain small amounts of goitrogens which can interfere with iodine.
More on Raw Food Diets…
My Perspective
coconut, goji berries, raw chocolate nibs Under construction


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If you are just getting up and checking the blog, and about to fly to Paris, you may want to check to make sure you will be flying today. The strike in Düsseldorf should be over today, but you may want to check if flying there as well. Updates are HERE on the Delta.com site. – René
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from American Express®
Click here for more information


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Players from Bearsden and Milngavie enjoyed a successful time at the 69th Drumchapel Interclub tennis tournament recently.
A total of 71 players took part, including competitors from Bearsden, Drumchapel. Glasgow University Staff, Milngavie, Nuffield Milngavie and Thorn Park Tennis Clubs.
Winners of the Senior Shield were Bearsden who retained it after regaining it from Drumchapel the previous year, while the Junior Shield was also won by Bearsden, for the seventh successive year.
Men's singles winner was Kafui Akpko-Young who had a close 6-3 7-5 win over Bearsden team mate and club coach Gordon Wilson.
The ladies' singles final was even closer, Niamh Slavin (Drumchapel) edging out Bearsden's Rachel Taylor 6-4 6-7 10-7.
Men's doubles winners were father and son team Philip and Scott Waterfield of Bearsden who just scraped home with a 6-2 3-6 10-6 win against the Drumchapel team David Buchanan-Smith and Jevon Chang.
The Waterfields reached the final also with match tiebreak wins over second seeds Tom and Dan Lockyer (Glasgow University Staff) in the quarters and third seeds Gordon Connor and Peter Watt (Drumchapel) in the semis.
In the ladies' doubles Karen Christie and Rachel Taylor of Bearsden proved too strong for club mates Susan Burns and Esther Morgan with a 6-1 6-4 win and the mixed doubles final was also an all-Bearsden affair with Philip Waterfield and Karen Christie winning by the closest of margins, and yet another tiebreak for Philip, 6-7, 6-2 10-7 against his son Scott, partnered by Rachel Taylor.
The junior events saw some exciting matches of an exceptionaly high standard.
The boys' 12 & under final saw two very talented youngsters, Kyle McKay (Bearsden) and Andrew Wilson (Nuffield Milngavie), pitched against each other with some superb rallies, Kyle eventually winning 6-4 6-3.
And the boys 16 & under final also produced some excellent tennis with the skills of Ben Sanders (Milngavie) proving just too good for Andrew Christie (Drumchapel) 6-2 6-3.
In the girls 16 & under final Lucy Taylor (Bearsden) won 6-3 6-2 over club mate Iona Cadger.
The tournament was organised by tournament director Eric Flack and local referee Josie Beeley and is hosted by Drumchapel Tennis Club where the finals were played.
Matches during the week were also played at other local clubs.


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Articles about Gary Eyster
University North Carolina Wilmington
UNCW presents paintings by local artist
MONDAY, DECEMBER 13, 2004Dec. 13, 2004
Wilmington, N.C. – The UNCW Presents cultural arts program will present "Paintings and Monotypes," a new exhibit showcasing large oil and acrylic paintings on canvas and monotype prints by local artist Gary Eyster, beginning Monday, Jan. 12 and running through Wednesday, March 9 in the Warwick Center Gallery on the campus of the University of North Carolina Wilmington. The opening reception will be held from 5-7 p.m. Monday, Jan. 12, and light hors d'oeuvres will be served. Both the exhibit and reception are free and open to the public.
Eyster creates expressive paintings from a blank canvas with no preconceived ideas, where tools and materials are his inspiration. He employs the technique of "free form color" that makes use of unconventional painting tools while relying very little on the brush. Some of the unusual tools introduced into the painting process include plungers, squeegees, open wide-mouth jars and squeeze bottles.
Eyster received a master's in fine arts from Virginia Commonwealth University. He has also studied at the Ecole de l'Art et Publicite in Paris and the Central School of Arts and Crafts in London. Eyster was formerly the director for the New Hanover County Museum, now known as Cape Fear Museum, and was also a founding member of the Lower Cape Fear Council for the Arts. He has won numerous awards including a Certificate of Distinction at the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts 19th Biennial Exhibition. Originally from York, Pa., he currently resides in Wilmington.
To view samples of the artist's work or for more information about the exhibition, visit www.uncw.edu/arts or contact Shannon Hooker at email@example.com or 910/962-7600.
Link to article
Gary Eyster also donated an abstract painting, Contained nova, to the UNCW. It is located in their Randall Library, First Floor, Wall, Northeast Quadrant. Link to painting on UNCW website
Work of Alumni Artists on Permanent Display in Randall Library
Link to article
Gary Eyster: ' Paintings and Monotypes'
Link to article____________________________________________________________________________________
1960 Norfolk Museum of Fine Arts in the 15th Irene Leache Memorial Exhibit of the works of Virginia artists


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One of my favorite past times is the Pantry Challenge – making a meal with what's on hand. Since yesterday was a glorious Seattle summer day, I decided on something I rarely choose: salad.
I had a handful of mixed cherry tomatoes from the farmer's market, half a loaf of Grand Central Bakery's Como bread languishing on the counter, and one small hunk of halloumi cheese. I was craving the cheese, so I worked around that. Since I had stale bread, croutons seemed like a good idea. Throw the tomatoes in and the lunch plan had taken shape. I also had a cucumber in the fridge, thanks to my summer obsession of drinking Pimm's Cups in the afternoon (paired for whatever reason with my other summer obsession: spicy Cheetos). I was too lazy to make a vinaigrette, which I normally do for panzanella, and instead drizzled the salad with excellent olive oil and an 18 year old balsamic vinegar that my husband had given me for my birthday.
It turned out lovely and I was feeling very healthful until I noticed the mix of vinegar, olive oil, and tomato juices pooled at the bottom of my empty bowl, just begging to be sopped up by the leftover croutons. So, instead of a healthy proportion of vegetables to cheese and bread, I might have consumed an entire third of the loaf, cooked in butter and oil, by myself. But that's what summer freedom is about, isn't it?
Halloumi Panzanella
These are the approximate proportions I used for one salad. It would be easy to increase, just use your eyes and (this could be dangerous) your appetite to help you guesstimate amounts. As a guide, all of the elements of the salad should be about the same size.
For the croutons:
A good hunk of quality bread, crusts trimmed if tough, cut into bite size (about ¾ inch) cubes
Extra virgin olive oil
3 cloves garlic, halved
Salt and Pepper
For the salad:
¼ of an English cucumber, quartered and cut into thick slices
A handful of cherry tomatoes, halved or quartered depending on size
About 2 ounces of halloumi cheese (you could also substitute fresh mozzarella or any other of your favorite sliceable cheeses – just cube and toss into the salad without cooking)
Good quality extra virgin olive oil
A good aged balsamic vinegar (if you just have regular balsamic, reduce it in a small saucepan until it reaches a syrupy drizzling consistency.)
Salt and pepper (I happened to have flaked Cornish sea salt that I brought back from vacation, but any fancy flakey salt, such as Kosher, Maldon, Fleur de Sel, or Murray Pink would work!)
Optional: sliced salami, peperoncinis or mixed baby greens. I usually add all of these when I make my regular panzanella, and if you need a more substantial salad, feel free. However, I wanted this to taste simply of summer, and felt that it didn't need the additions at all. I put in peperoncinis and wished I hadn't.
In a sauté pan, heat an even amount of olive oil and butter with the garlic until just starting to sizzle. You'll need enough to coat all of the bread cubes, and can always add a little more if you need to. Toss in the bread cubes and sprinkle with salt and pepper. Saute over medium low to medium heat, tossing frequently until the croutons are golden and crisp on the outside. If you notice the garlic getting any more than a rich golden brown, fish them out and toss them.
Meanwhile, assemble the salad. Cut the vegetables and place them in a bowl. Cube the cheese and leave on the cutting board. Once the croutons are done, empty them onto a plate lined with a paper towel, and wipe out the pan. Replace on the heat and add the halloumi. Turn frequently until golden brown on all sides. If you don't have a nonstick pan (I happened to use stainless steel), they may stick slightly. Just scrape up any cheesy residue so it doesn't burn (I snack on this) and keep turning – you'll figure out pretty quickly when they need to be turned. This cheese is meant to be cooked (it is GREAT on the barbeque) so it should behave fairly well.
Sprinkle salt and pepper on the veggies in the bowl, top with the cheese and croutons, then drizzle with the oil and vinegar. Toss and taste. Adjust seasonings as necessary, then dig in!


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Project Description
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I love hearing what my readers have to say. So just fill out that little form below and I'll get back with you!
Our website is a constantly evolving Work In Progress (WIP). As society changes and more fun toys and gifts become
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During most any football game you are sure to hear at least one commercial touting the benefits of testosterone drugs for those men with "low-T" who are experiencing a declining interest in sexual activities, are more fatigued, or are experiencing muscle weakness, weight gain around the waist, depression or erectile dysfunction. While there is a very real medical diagnosis of low testosterone, this hormone declines naturally as men age. Testosterone production peaks around age 18, staying relatively stable until the age of 30-35. From that point on, a man's testosterone levels decline about 1-3% every year. Many men, looking for the "fountain of youth," whose testosterone levels are perfectly normal for their age, are taking testosterone and risking their health in the process. A much better approach could be to lose a little weight, engage in a regular exercise program, improve the diet—and realize that many of these symptoms are part of the natural aging process.
Americans looking for a quick fix have turned to testosterone boosters to repair their flagging energy, revive their sex drive and address erectile dysfunction. Younger men are even self-diagnosing, taking testosterone drugs without a valid medical diagnosis of low testosterone. Anti-aging clinics catering to men have sprung up across the nation, with regular promotions of testosterone drugs. The market for testosterone drugs increased by almost 500% between 2000 and 2011, and in 2011, the total number of prescriptions numbered over 5 million, bringing in over $1.6 billion dollars for the manufacturers of the drug. Testosterone drugs can be administered via creams, gel, pills, cream, patch, injection or implant. The pill form, in particular, has been linked to liver damage as the supplement is metabolized.
A study recently published in the Journal of the American Medical Association, looked at more than 8,000 male veterans with low testosterone levels. When cardiovascular risk was compared between this group and a similar group with low testosterone who did not take a testosterone drug, the men taking the testosterone supplement were nearly 30% more likely to suffer a heart attack, stroke or even die after using the drug for three years. The long-term safety of testosterone drugs are now under scrutiny, with few studies addressing the issue.
As noted by Dr. Michael Ho—a cardiologist with the VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System, who helped direct the study of veterans—by definition, all the men in the study were over the age of 60 and had health problems associated with their age group including obesity, diabetes, high blood pressure and other ailments as well. An endocrinologist involved in the study, agreed with Dr. Ho to a point, however stated that caution should definitely be exercised when prescribing testosterone drugs to men over the age of sixty, as well as to younger men without a valid medical diagnosis of low testosterone.
The study published in JAMA also noted that a different random, clinical trial of testosterone therapy among men with known cardiovascular risks was stopped before completion due to the number of men who suffered adverse cardiovascular events during the study. All the participants in this study had a total testosterone level of less than 300 ng/dL. Most adult males from the ages of 18- 30 or so will have average testosterone levels of 800 ng/dL. This number will decrease approximately 1-3% each year thereafter. Of the 1,223 patients in the study, 26% suffered an adverse vent such as a stroke, heart attack or death within three years.
In the JAMA study of the more than 8,000 men, after a median follow-up of twenty-seven months, 748 men died, 443 suffered a myocardial infarction, and 519 had a stroke. At one year the "absolute rate" of those who had an adverse cardiovascular even was 10.1% in those not taking testosterone and 11.3% in those who did take testosterone. These numbers don't sound particularly frightening, however longer usage produced higher risks. At two years, the absolute rate of men experiencing a cardiovascular even was 15.4% in men not taking a testosterone supplement and 18.5% in those taking the drug. At three years, the numbers were 19.9% for men not taking testosterone and 25.7% among men taking a testosterone supplement. This particular study was not calibrated to detect differences between routes of administration, whether through the skin or taken orally.
After a recently released study in the Journal of American Medical Association, many doctors—as well as the FDA—are reconsidering the possible dangers associated with testosterone supplements. The number of men taking testosterone drugs has quadrupled in the United States since 2000, and just last year, the sales of testosterone supplements surpassed those of Viagra. The FDA approved testosterone supplements for the treatment of medically diagnosed issues such as hypogonadism, endocrine tumors and for those undergoing chemotherapy, however due to aggressive marketing campaigns on the part of testosterone manufacturers, testosterone is now being pushed to every man who has experienced a lowered libido, a decrease in bone density, strength or muscle mass, or those with lowered levels of energy. These "symptoms" of Low-T were once known as the normal effects of aging. The JAMA study concluded that men taking testosterone drugs were nearly 30% more likely to suffer a stroke, heart attack or even death.
As men age, the walls of their arteries become thinner. Testosterone, which causes an increase in blood clotting, could lead to a higher number of strokes, deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary emboli among older men taking the drug. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) occurs when a blood clot forms in a deep vein of the leg, typically in the calf or thigh. While those who develop DVT may experience no symptoms until the clot breaks away and turns into a pulmonary embolism, others may notice pain, swelling, redness, tenderness or warmth in the affected area. DVT is a medical emergency which kills over 3% of those who develop the condition. Because testosterone increases the incidence of blood clots, DVT may well result in men taking the drug.
Pulmonary embolism occurs when a blood clot blocks a major artery in the lungs. Symptoms of pulmonary embolism include sharp chest pain, a rapid heartbeat and coughing up blood. Dr. Charles Glueck published a study linking testosterone therapy to an increased risk of pulmonary embolism in October, 2011, in Translational Research. In this study blood clots occurred in as little as one month on testosterone therapy. If left untreated, 30% cases of pulmonary embolism are fatal. Those taking testosterone drugs should exercise caution, particularly in light of the latest study linking testosterone to heart attack, stroke and death. Doctors should conduct a risk vs. benefit assessment of their male patients prior to prescribing testosterone therapy.
In short, testosterone therapy remains a scientifically unproven method for preventing the physical and psychological changes that accompany the aging process, and a large percentage of those using testosterone supplements are victims of the massive hype associated with the drug. If you feel you have been harmed from taking a testosterone supplement, it could be in your best interests to speak to a skilled Sullo & Sullo attorney who can take your individual circumstances into account and determine whether you might benefit from filing a lawsuit against the manufacturer of the drug you believed to be safe. Our Sullo & Sullo attorneys have the knowledge and the experience necessary to ensure you are not harmed further by the legal system and will fight aggressively for your rights.


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What really strikes you about the history of the villages in the Sunshine Coast Hinterland is the wonderful qualities displayed by its early pioneers. Like Mapleton, the neighbouring village of Flaxton was settled by a family that exemplified hard work, self-reliance, humility and a real commitment to the welfare and growth of the community around them.
Flaxton, with a population today of around 900 people, lies between Montville and Mapleton some 436 metres above sea level on the Blackall Range. The village was named after Flaxton Hall in the fen country of the East Coast of England.
Joseph Dixon opened the area after successful business ventures in Buderim and Gympie. He applied for 32 hectares of land at Flaxton in 1882 and commenced a major land clearing operation with the objective of farming the area for bananas and citrus. By 1892 he had harvested the valuable Red Cedar and Beech and cleared sufficient land for serious agriculture production to begin.
In 1909 he commenced the building of a substantial family home that can still be admired today. Originally called "Chermside" but later named "Tanderra" the visitor can still sight this magnificent private property on the corner of Flaxton Mill road.
Tanderra reflects these early days and is largely original with floors of pit sawn Beech harvested from the property. There is a magnificent Magnolia tree in the beautiful gardens which dates back to 1910.
Across Flaxton Mill road from the house is a substantial stand of bamboo planted by Joseph Dixon. This was grown to provide shelter for his bullocks. The bamboo is heritage listed and the story goes that when Council wanted to put in Flaxton Mill road Joseph agreed providing his bamboo was not touched. Thus Flaxton Mill road is essentially one lane until you get through the bamboo where it opens up to a normal road width.
Farming in the area prospered and a substantial fruit packing shed was opened in 1931 to cater for the entire districts harvest. The rail link between Mapleton and the rail head at Nambour was much used and was of critical importance to the Flaxton farmers in getting product to market. A sawmill opened in 1936 and operated until 1956. Like the rest of the Sunshine Coast hinterland the area progressively moved into dairy farming as the competition from other fruit growing regions made the hinterland uncompetitive.
Flaxton today is a wonderful residential area. There are substantial properties hiding down leafy lanes and quiet streets. There is no commercial centre but Flaxton is well served by the shops and facilities of Mapleton or Montville some five minutes away. The major shopping and medical facilities of Nambour are just twenty minutes away. The Sunshine Coast Airport with its direct flights to Sydney, Melbourne and Adelaide is some thirty five minutes easy drive.
There are some commercial features of the area that truly add value to the Flaxton experience. On what was once a derelict dairy farm on the corner of Philipps Road you will find Flaxton Gardens with its stunning coastal views. In 1980 Flaxton Gardens Pottery opened with a kiosk and craft shop. In 1984 a larger building was constructed with a view to wine making, a vineyard and cellars. The true potential of Flaxton Gardens has been recognised over the last few years with the opening of a very successful restaurant, wedding and reception centre. There is a special kind of magic about a wedding on their lawns with that amazing view to the coast. Flaxton Gardens is a wonderful watering hole for both locals and visitors alike.
If you like French food you should definitely move to Flaxton. In fact if you REALLY like French food you will already have visited Flaxton which is home to that very special French restaurant, "Le Relais Bressan". Formally very successful in Brisbane and now moved to Flaxton. This might explain why you can now detect the development of a slight French accent from some of the locals!
The Flaxton Barn is the third local icon with its café, giftware and recycled treasures. A small motel and a café essentially make up the final piece of the commercial picture.
Flaxton certainly is blessed with wonderful parks and reserves. Montville might claim the amazing Kondalilla Falls as its own but essentially it is on the southern approach to Flaxton. Discovered in the late 1800's by William Skene whilst searching for lost cattle the area was named Kondalilla after the Aboriginal word meaning "rushing water". With the 1.7km Picnic Creek circuit and the more challenging 4.7km Kondalilla Falls circuit, rock pools, waterfalls and views it is a very popular destination for visitors and locals. The park is a remnant of the subtropical rainforest that was once extensive throughout the Sunshine Coast Hinterland. A walk to Kondalilla Falls or indeed any of the other major parks in the hinterland leaves you in awe of the extraordinary resolve and hard work the early settlers showed in their drive to open the area for farming.
A section of The Great Walk of the Sunshine Coast runs between Flaxton and Mapleton. Access can be made at the track entrance in Flaxton Mill road. This section of The Walk takes the hiker through open Eucalypt forest, rocky outcrops and down to Baxter's Creek with its beautiful waterfall. The creek can be crossed by the suspension bridge and a walk through a tranquil palm grove. It is always a good idea to check at the local information centre before heading bush to get a copy of free local maps. Also tell someone where you are going and when you expect to be back. (Should you fail to return your friends can either send out a search party or simply throw an enormous party depending on your standing with them!)
In summary Flaxton was founded on hard work by fine people. The quality of those early days still reflects in this special residential pocket with its proud heritage. It has an air of quiet, understated quality. It lies close to all the amenities that the Hinterland has to offer yet somehow sits back, enjoying its solitude, very much at peace with itself.


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Apr 4, 2016, 14:50 PM
| Published under News & Events
by Michael Hodgdon
Infront Webworks, an online agency and industry leader in website design, internet marketing, and search engine optimization, today announced Tejas Chauhan has joined the Digital Agencies team of expert and innovative staff as Senior SEO Specialist. He comes to Infront Webworks from Nashville Tennessee and brings with him an outstanding reputation in the SEO industry and extensive experience in advanced SEO implementation.
Chauhan has over 10 years expert level SEO skills and a proven track record as a Digital Marketing Evangelist, Entrepreneur, Strategist, Online Marketing and Advertising. He has worked with prestigious Digital Agencies in Tennessee over the last 5 years and had an outstanding reputation in working for premier Digital Agencies in his homeland Vadodara, Gujarat, India.
"Chauhan is an expert in National and International technical SEO strategies, Inbound marketing and widely respected in the SEO and online marketing industry". He is another great addition to the team." said Michael Hodgdon, Marketing Director of Infront Webworks.
As Senior SEO Specialist for Infront Webworks, Chauhan will be responsible for defining, prioritizing, and managing key client SEO strategies, including competitive analysis, keyword analysis, on and off-site optimization, content development and strategy, site auditing, and suggesting social media related initiatives to benefit overall SEO results. He will set client KPIs, and will implement Paid Search campaigns to maximize overall search ROI. .
When asked "Her thoughts on the most recent addition to the team," Jill Sullivan, Senior Internet Marketing Manager of Infront Webworks, stated "We are carefully selecting Senior SEO specialists and were very pleased when Tejas expressed an interest in joining the Infront Webworks SEO team ", she went on to add, "It is our goal to employee leaders in SEO, online advertising, Inbound and internet marketing and we are always eager to add experts like Tejas ".
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About the Author
Mike is the Marketing & SEO Director at Infront Webworks. An online entrepreneur since 1997, he has owned or run website design / SEO, online marketing and internet advertising companies for over 15 years. Featured in Entrepreneur Magazine, Colorado Springs Business Journal and with projects featured in N.Y. Times, L.A. Times, he has a solid track record of successful online undertakings. He is a certified Yext Partner, Google Certified in Analytics, Tag Manager, AdWords, Online Display Advertising, Shopping and Video Advertising.


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Wednesday, April 1, 2009
Science Cafe - How mindless eating works in government
Join us tomorrow for the Science Cafe at 3:30pm on the 2nd floor of library. Brian Wansink's discussion is titled "How mindless eating works in government." There will be a Healthy Foods and Used Sporting Equipment Drive in the Pac Plaza after his presentation.
Posted by Jeanine at 1:24 PM
Labels: Brian Wansink, Cal Poly, Kennedy Library, Science Cafe