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RJ Corman Railroad should pay to refurbish their bridge
The State of Tennessee has been asked in the name of the residents of Clarksville, Montgomery County and Stewart County Tennessee to issue a grant for the refurbishment of the RJ Corman Railroad bridge. This bridge passes over Riverside Drive in Clarksville before it crosses the Cumberland River on it's journey to the TVA's Cumberland City Power Plant in Stewart County. Both the railroad and the bridge are privately owned and operated by the RJ Corman Railroad Group LLC, a for profit company.
The Montgomery County Rail Service Authority requested a $1.5 million dollar transportation enhancement grant from the State Department of Transportation for this project. The grant uses federal funds administered by the state with matching local funds (80% Federal /20% Local). This would involve approximately $300,000 in matching local funds (state, county, city). This grant was spearheaded by a consultant for the RJ Corman Company who wrote it up and brought it to the county.
Why is the RJ Corman Company not being required to pay all or a significant portion of the refurbishment costs for it's bridge. The taxpayers are basically being asked to give the RJ Corman company corporate welfare. Sure, the county is asking for the grant, which is mostly free money as far as they are concerned, but in the end it still comes out of the taxpayers pockets.
The bridge could be reasonably called an eye sore, due to its current state. It is past the time to require the RJ Corman Company to perform the maintenance, that they should have been doing all along.
If the city or county wants other additions such as specific paint colors or additional decorative lighting, then of course they should contribute towards the cost of those improvements, but sandblasting and painting should be the sole responsibility of owners of the bridge, the RJ Corman Company.
If we pay for the maintenance this time, we will likely end up paying for it from now on. The RJ Corman Company will have no interest in paying to maintain their bridge when they know that the city, county, and state will do it for them, for free.
About Bill Larson
Bill Larson is is politically and socially active in the community. Bill is a member of the Friends of Dunbar Cave.
You can reach him via telephone at 931-249-0043 or via the email address below.
SectionsOpinion, Politics
TopicsCounty Government, Grants, Montgomery County Rail Service Authority, RJ Corman Bridge, RJ Corman Railroad, State Governement
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© 2006-2019 Clarksville, TN Online is owned and operated by residents of Clarksville Tennessee.


text: Could three ingredients be used to create the perfect apple crisp cookie? Pinterest users boasted it could be done, so our kitchen experts put the idea to the test. To make the cookies we simply combined 1 pouch of Betty Crocker oatmeal cookie mix, ¼ cup of butter (softened), and 1 cup of apple pie filling (chopped). Then we set our cookies in the oven to bake at 350 degrees for about 15 minutes. The result? Unbelievably good cookies. Our humble recipe turned out to be a sweet success. Then we took it a step further and used the sweet and easy recipe to make a 3-Ingredient Apple Crisp Snack Cake!

subset: commoncrawl


text:
- Research
- Open Access
Complete genome sequence and pathogenesis of bovine viral diarrhea virus JL-1 isolate from cattle in China
© Zhang et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2014
- Received: 15 January 2014
- Accepted: 31 March 2014
- Published: 8 April 2014
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a pathogen found worldwide in calves. It can cause significant economic losses in agriculture. Many BVDV strains have been isolated in China. However, the pathogenesis and complete gene characteristics of BVDV isolate have yet not been reported in China. Here, a BVDV isolate was isolated and its pathogenesis and complete genome were studied.
A new isolate of bovine viral diarrhea virus, named JL-1, was isolated from the spleen of a sick cow with diarrhea using MDBK cell culture. The complete genome of JL-1 is 12,276 nucleotides and contains a 5′-UTR of 382 nucleotides, a 3′-UTR of 188 nucleotides, and a large ORF encoding a polyprotein consisting of 3,901 amino acids. Genomic comparison and phylogenetic analyses of complete genomic sequence clearly showed that JL-1 fell into the BVDV-1b subtype. The result of pathogenesis of JL-1 strain showed that all infected calves developed clinical signs of elevated rectal temperatures, decreased leucopenia, and viral discharge. Viral antigen was detected in infected animal tissues using immunohistochemistry. Animals in the mock were normal. These results demonstrated that BVDV JL-1 was a virulent strain.
This is the first study to report the pathogenesis and complete gene characterization of the BVDV strain in China. This report may set a good foundation for further study of BVDV in China.
- Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV)
- Complete genome
- Pathogenesis
- BVDV-1b
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), the etiological agent of bovine viral diarrhea/mucosal disease, is widespread and one of the most economically important diseases of cattle. BVDV-associated diseases can range from clinically undetectable to severe. They may involve the respiratory, enteric, reproductive, immune, and endocrinee systems [1, 2]. BVDV is a small, enveloped virus with a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genome, that is ~12.5kb in length and contains a 5′- untranslated region (5′-UTR), a single open reading frame and a 3′-untranslated region (3′-UTR) [3]. According to a comparison of the 5′-UTR and the Npro- and E2-encoding sequences, BVDV isolates are divided into two genotypes (BVDV1 and BVDV2) with several subtypes in each group [4, 5]. The 5′-UTR genomic region provides meaningful inferences as this region has the highest degree of sequence conservation and is effectively amplified by RT-PCR [6, 7]. BVDV viruses of both genotypes are divided into cytopathic (cp) and non-cytopathic (ncp) biotypes, based on the ability of the virus to cause cytopathogenicity in tissuecum culture. Noncytopathic BVDV is the only biotype that has been observed clinically or experimentally to cause BVDV persistent infection. In addition, BVDV are lymphotrophic and the immunosuppression that follows infection results in increased severity in secondary infections. The interaction of BVDV with secondary pathogens is thought to be one of the contributing factors in bovine respiratory disease complex (BRD) [8–10]. BVDV associated disease can range from clinically inapparent to severe and can involve the respiratory, enteric, reproductive, immune and endocrine systems.
Infection with BVDV poses a major threat to the cattle industry. This threat can be minimized through the use of commercially available BVDV vaccines. BVDV vaccines have played a significant role in the prevention of various clinical disease syndromes associated with BVDV infections, as well control of the spread of the virus [11, 12]. Now, many countries using vaccination strategies to limit losses due to BVDV. The BVDV 1a and BVDV2a were the main subtypes in modified live virus (MLV) and killed viral vaccines. Only one killed vaccine contains BVDV1b subtype (NY-1 strain) [13]. To evaluate potency of the vaccines, it is unavoidable to need an appropriate virulent virus strain. BVDV was first isolated from calves in China 1980 [14, 15]. To date, many BVDV strains were isolated in china, the BVDV circulating in Chinese calves is mainly BVDV1b [16, 17]. However, there are no commercial BVDV vaccines in the market of China at present, and the pathogenic BVDV isolate was not reported previously in China. At the basic biology level, the study of virulence variation is important to understanding the mechanisms behind pathology [18]. The purpose of this work was isolate and examine the virulence of BVDV JL-1 strain, which would contributes to the research of this disease and development of BVDV vaccine candidate.
Isolation and identification
Sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the complete genome
Pathogenesis of BVDV JL-1 strain
All 5 calves inoculated with BVDV JL-1 developed moderate clinical signs associated with BVDV infection, including depression, fever, leucopenia, and viremia. The control calves were normal.
White blood cell counts of treated calves started decreasing from day 2 after inoculation. The mean WBC counts for the control group dropped significantly from 9.8×1000 per mm3 on day 0 to 5.9×1000 per mm3 on days 4 and 6 after inoculation, a decrease of approximately 40% (Figure 3B). The mean WBC counts in the control group did not decrease after inoculation, and they were significantly higher (P<0.05) than that of the control group on days 2–8 post-inoculation.
Detection of virus isolation and Serum neutralization antibody titres from calves experimentally inoculated with BVDV JL-1 strain
Animal no.
No. of days that samples virus was isolated/total no.
SN titres to BVDV
Virus isolation (buffer coat)
Virus isolation (Nasal swab)
RT-PCR (Nasal swab)
Calve 170144
Calve 170115
Calve 170166
Calve 183117
Calve 183155
In this study, a new BVDV JL-1 strain was isolated from calves afflicted with BVD, a recently discovered BVDV present in northeastern China. The identification of the isolate has been confirmed by IFA. Many other studies have demonstrated that the BVDV-1b subgenotype is the most common of the BVDV-1 field isolates. The trend of relative increase in BVDV-1b isolates was found not only during comparison of different geographic regions but also during comparison of the isolates found over the past 20years in one diagnostic laboratory [19, 20]. In this study, the phylogenetic relationships among BVDV JL-1 and other BVDV wild-type strains from GenBank were clarified. Genetic and phylogenetic analysis showed that the virus BVDV JL-1 belonged to BVDV1b, and a high degree of identity was detected among all studied wild-type strains in China.
The present pathogenesis study was performed upon conventionally reared calves. Results indicated that BVDV JL-1 can induce mild clinical disease. Clinical presentation after infection with BVDV JL-1 was similar to that observed after infection with the BVDV NY-1 strain. Clinical manifestations included mild short-term pyrexia (basal temperatures between 39.2 and 40.0°C for 1–3days), pronounced and prolonged febrile response, pronounced reduction in circulating white blood cells (>40%), and viral excretion in the buffy coat. All of the virus-infected calves developed virus-neutralizing antibodies by day 14. Strain NY-1 belongs to the BVDV1 pestivirus species (subgenotype BVDV1b). It is the first noncytopathic BVDV strain to be isolated. In recent years, the NY-1 strain has become an accepted laboratory reference strain. It has also been offered as a challenge strain for vaccine efficacy studies [18].
The clinical symptoms observed in calves from which BVDV JL-1 was isolated mainly showed anorexia, diarrhea, dehydration, and marasmus. The present pathogenesis study, which was performed upon BVDV JL-1, only mild clinical signs associated with BVDV infection were observed. These included depression, fever, leucopenia, and viremia. None of the treatment calves showed diarrhea. This might be related to the immune state and age of experimental animals. In this report, the BVDV JL-1 virus isolates were confirmed to be free of contamination by viruses, mycoplasmas, bacteria, and fungi. The experimental animals were 6 to 9 months old and immunocompetent. No secondary infections occurred during the animal experiment. Histopathological observation showed lymphoid depletion and shedding of the villi of the small intestine. If the treatment calves experienced a secondary infection at that time, the results led to an exacerbation of the inflammatory response and to the development of more intense clinical symptoms and lesions than those observed in healthy animals [21]. Various authors have demonstrated that BVDV can induce lymphopenia and has a range of effects on the immune response. These can allow secondary infection to take place [22, 23].
Ever since the first isolation of BVDV in 1980, no effective measures have been developed to control the spread of BVDV in China. This is the first report of a pathogenic BVDV strain in China, here called BVDV JL-1. It is an NY-1 strain, so infection of immunocompetent adult calves can cause clinical manifestations. These findings may contribute to the development of a vaccine for the prevention and control of BVDV in China.
In this study, a BVDV JL-1 strain was successfully isolated from cattle in china. Genomic comparison and phylogenetic analyzes showed that JL-1 fall into BVDV-1b subtype, the predominant genotype in China. Pathogenic assay show its remains virulent and can be used as a BVDV challenge virus to evaluate the efficacy of BVDV vaccines. This report will be a good beginning for further studies on BVDV in china.
Virus isolation
Field samples came from calves at field of Jilin province (China), which clinical symptoms showed anorexia, diarrhea, dehydration and marasmus. The tissue samples were collected from the necropsies of one calve and then stored at −80°C. The virus isolation was conducted as described previously [24, 25]. Briefly, Homogenates containing 1g of each tissue (including spleen, lung, thymus, intestine and Lymph node) samples and 10 mL of Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium with antibiotics were sonicated and centrifuged. A monolayer of MDBK cell was infected with the homogenates in a 24-well culture plate. The cell cultures were frozen and thawed three times and passaged two to three times at five days interval. The every passage of MDBK cultures were observed for 5days with presence or absences of CPE recorded.
RT-PCR detection and complete genomic sequence analysis
Total RNA was extracted from field tissue samples and cell culture fluids of virus isolates using TRIZOL (Invitrogen, China) according to the manufacturer's instructions. The extraction was accomplished using 250 μl of samples and 750 μl of TRIZOL. The RNA was resuspended in 30 μl DEPC-treated water. The extracted RNA was reverse-transcribed using the M-MLV Reverse Transcriptase Kit (Invitrogen, USA) as specified by the manufacturer. Twelve primer sets were designed to amplify overlapping regions of the complete BVDV genome. The amplified fragments were harvested and cloned into pMD–18T vector (TaKaRa, China). Three recombinant clones were submitted to DNA sequencing (Invitrogen Biotech, Beijing, China). The retrieved sequences were edited and trimmed with the EditSeq program in the DNASTAR software. Clustal W was used to align the nucleotide sequences. Phylogenetic analysis was done by the distance-based clustal W method using software MEGA 4.1.
Immunofluorescence assay (IFA)
A 96 well microtitre plate (Costar, NY, USA) was seeded with MDBK cell in DMEM with 8% ES, and cultivated at 37°C in 5% CO2 overnight until 70-80% confluence. The cultures were then inoculated with 20-fold diluted field BVDV isolates at 3 passage. The uninfected cultures in left rows of the plate were taken as the negative controls. After 72hrs incubation in 37°C, 5% CO2 atmosphere, the plate was fixed in 80% cold acetone/methanol, and then washed with PBS, FITC-conjugated Anti-Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) polyclonal antiserum. (VMRD, USA) was added to the plate, and then followed by 30 min incubation in a 37°C humid box. After 3 times washes with PBS, a 50% glycerol in PBS was added to each well. Two infected wells were treated as a positive control to confirm viral growth. Fluorescence signal was observed using an fluorescence inverted microscope (Zeiss Axioskop-40, Germany).
Infection of animals
Ten healthy calves (6 to 9-month-old) were obtained from a calve farm that was negative for BVDV infections. All animals were confirmed to be free of BVDV,IBRV,BPI3, Mycoplasma bovis infections using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits for the detection of antibodies against BVDV, IBRV, BPI3, or M. bovis (Idexx Labs Inc., American) and by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) or PCR for viral nucleic acid detection [26–28]. All animal work and experimental procedures were conducted with an approval of Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Jinlin University, China. The 10 calves were divided randomly into treatment group and control group, with 5 animals in each group. Each calve of the treatment group was inoculated intranasally (IN) with ~6×107.0 tissue culture infective doses (TCID50) of BVDV JL-1 virus. The animals in control group were inoculated IN with DMEM. All animals were monitored daily for clinical signs as described previously [29]. Clinical assessments were made at the same time each morning by investigators who were blinded to the treatment groups. Clinical signs included depression, nasal discharge, diarrhea, coughing and rectal temperatures. EDTA-blood samples from calves were collected at days−2 to 0 prior to inoculation and days 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 post-inoculation (dpi) and used to count white blood cells. Additionally, at day 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 post-inoculation (dpi), heparin blood was taken for buffy-coat preparations to test for viremia in the challenged calves. Deep nasal swab specimens were obtained from one day prior to challenge through 14 days post inoculation. The procedure to isolate BVDV from buffy-coat samples was conducted as described previously [30]. Sera obtained before inoculation with BVDV JL-1 and on day 14, Serum sample were tested for neutralizing antibodies to BVDV JL-1 using standard microtitration procedures [31].Two calves out from each group were necropsied at 14 DPI, and their tissue samples were collected and fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin and processed for histopathological examination following hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and immunohistochemistry.
The two groups (treatment and control) were analyzed and compared with respect to the primary clinical signs including rectal temperature, nasal and ocular discharges,diarrhea, leukopenia and virus shedding, using GraphPad Prism (version 4.0) software. The level of statistically significant difference was set at p<0.05.
This study was supported by the grant from National Public Welfare of China for Agriculture Special Purpose (200803018 and 201003060) and the basic scientific research funding of the Chinese academy of agricultural sciences (0032014016).
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This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.


text: Still working my plans for a trip from CA to Alaska. As one get's further north, power sources become difficult to located. Some RV parks have 50A 220V service, but in some regions only 30A 120 exists. It's been mentioned that if you can find two circuits that are opposite legs, they can be combined to create a 240V circuit with the help of a Quick 220 device. I am expecting that a park with only 30A service probably doesn't have 240 volts on site. Then of course you have to avoid circuits with GFI, which I understand that most do. Since I'll going though geographies with limited power (Yukon, Alaska, BC), what do you think? Is it worthwhile to bring a Quick220 device? Guy


text:
Self Made
Minds - A new blog about earning money online
We did it, read about it
Update all monies paid.
Just for info, Greg/Todd & Mike all came good and
paid out the money they agreed which all ended up going to
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Jim Westergren did also well in
the contest and is writing an interesting
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20.02 - Put up a holding page
As soon as May 15th, 2006 12 noon PST hits, the
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Elursrebmem: Insert Mirror here
Its for
dude! The Incredible Hulk has created a
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listings offered for the V7n contest
Roman1 has
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Well it has been a spirited start for many with (all) domains snapped up left
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sale, charity pages looking for help and probably the people that really know
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be linked to from heaps of high PR backlinks, does it have to be old, does it
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January l
February l March
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Contact me (Scott
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Well may be a sponsored link, if this page ranks in the top5
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text:
When the Chick's away, who will play? SHE will!
The call of the sun came in the form of 2 plane tickets to a warm southern exposure. Visions of bathing suits, relaxed evenings on a veranda someplace, and lazy days were too much the the Chick family to pass up. Weeks and weeks of rain/snow/frost and cold had taken their toll. Relieved that they didn't live in Fargo ND, and glad they did live miles away from rivers and streams that could flood and cause worry, they packed their bags and held their boarding passes like they were solid gold bars. "I can hardly wait to get out of here" Mr Chick said. "I am with ya" Pharmacy Chick replied. Their two dogs, left in the diligent care of their neighbor, PC and Mr C slipped quietly out of town….
See you in a week!


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The Black Painted Oak Georg Series:
Georg in black is just as eloquent as the original version of the series in untreated oak. The black-painted oak creates a strong graphical appearance, which compliments the lightness and clean lines of the Nordic style in the most beautiful manner. And the visible grains provide a lovely play and a very unique look.
With her beautiful Georg range, Christina Liljenberg Halstrøm confronts the idea of 'extra furniture' by making her pieces characteristic elements of her home interior, just as they deserve.
The Georg collection from Skagerak was named 'bedroom furniture of the year' by Elle Decoration Sweden at the Stockholm Furniture & Light Fair 2016. The Swedish Design Award is Georg's third international price since the launch of the collection in 2014.
|Georg desk
|Desk - L 110 x D 42 x H 73.5 cm Drawer - W 34 x D 41.5 x H 9 cm
|Black painted FSC certified untreated oak
|Care Advice
|Clean with a damp cloth.
|Christina Liljenberg Halstrøm
|Skagerak of Denmark
|The desk drawer is bought separately.


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Often the relationships that develop between parents and teachers are negative. On the teachers' side of the relationship, Ellen Galinsky (1989) notes that in the teachers' lounge parents are often spoken of negatively; if the word "black" or "woman" were substituted for "parent," many of the comments would seem racist or sexist. On the parents' side of the relationship, many parents enter school assuming that teachers will ignore their concerns and alienate them from the classroom. This article will focus on four main topics: 1) why the family-teacher relationship is important, 2) the barriers to a better relationship that require attention, 3) valuable methods of communication, and 4) how teachers may embrace differences among families.
Importance of the Family-Teacher RelationshipFamily-teacher relationships can be complex and include many different areas such as the teacher's relationships with the children; the teacher's relationships with the children's families; the teacher's relationships with colleagues; and the teacher's relationship with the community. Often, early childhood teachers attend only to their relationships with the children. Yet, our ability to teach children expands past the children and includes family, colleagues, and our own community. By involving all of these components we create a rich environment for our children and serve as models for the children to create positive relationships with other people.
Family-teacher relationships are essential for learning about the children from an additional and valuable source, promoting children's emotional health, and helping children deal with difficult problems that may have lifelong consequences.
Learning About the Children From an Additional and Valuable SourceFamilies and teachers each have unique knowledge about a child. How will the teachers and families see the "whole child" if they never hear the unique perspective that only the other can provide? Lillian Katz defines seven distinctions between the mother and the teacher that are beneficial for the child (Carew, et. al., 1980). For example, the parent unconditionally loves the child as an individual, but the teacher gets a chance to view the child in terms of a whole group.
Promoting Children's Emotional HealthGonzalez-Mena (2000) reminds teachers that when children come to school, it is important that the child does not lose her own culture while becoming part of the mainstream culture, since cultural identity and family connectedness are crucial for emotional health. How will teachers of young children learn about the children's family and culture if there is no relationship with the families?
Helping Children Deal with Difficult Problems that May Have Lifelong ConsequencesWhen there is a secure relationship between the family and teachers, they may inform one another; this information may have lifelong effects on the child. For example, children that are sexually abused need many adults in their world looking for indicators and providing support. Good (1996) shows how parents and teachers might work together on a difficult issue such as this. She outlines for teachers a multitude of references that they may provide to parents.
Barriers to Positive Family-Teacher PartnershipsA number of issues need to be addressed so a family-teacher partnership can be formed. Some common obstacles to a better partnership include:
While it is beyond the scope of this article to address each of these issues individually, teachers should be alert to these issues to help them readily recognize potential blocks to productive home/school relationships when they come into play. Once the teacher is aware that this is happening, the communication techniques described in the rest of this article can help.
Valuable Methods of CommunicationBerger (2000) describes two major categories of communication between teachers and families—two-way communication and one-way communication. Two-way communication occurs when there are interactions between parents and teachers that go both ways. One-way communication occurs when the school informs the family of something.
Two-way CommunicationInteractions between schools and families should be continuous and ongoing. The most valuable interactions are those that go in both directions—teachers learn from parents and parents learn from teachers (Galinsky, 1989). These two-way interactions make sense. Both teachers and parents are concerned about a child's growth and development. It makes sense that teachers and parents would work together in the best interest of the child.
When incorporating two-way communication in your program, it is important to remember that not all parents can come to the school at a prescribed time for a conference. A mother or father, for instance, may have difficulty taking time off work or may lack the transportation to make a mid-day visit. It is critical that parent-teacher meetings and other events have flexibility. Parents care about their children, and they usually want to participate in their child's education. They may just need the school to be a bit more accommodating. Surveying the parents can be very helpful in determining when families can meet and what types of meetings they would find beneficial. Turnout is always stronger when teachers listen to the parents and schedule events according to the information gathered from the survey. Among the types of two-way communication that teachers have found helpful are:
1. Email. If the parents have access to a computer, email can be a very fast and easy form of communication. Surveys sent via email are easy for parents to complete and return.
2. Phone conversations. When a teacher calls home, parents immediately think there is bad news. It is helpful if teachers take the time to call with good news about each child within the first few months of school.
3. Leaving recorded messages. Parents should know that they can call and leave messages for their child's teacher. Teachers should establish when messages will be returned (e.g., emergencies will be attended to first, all other messages will be responded to within 24 hours) to help make communication priorities clear.
4. Personal visits. Sometimes it is helpful to visit a family on their "turf." However, it is critical that families are told the purpose of the visit. You might say, for example, "Mrs. Smith I would like to visit Sarah in her home surroundings. I think Sarah would feel more comfortable learning about me in a familiar and comfortable setting." For those parents who do not wish to have a teacher in their home, suggest alternate places for these visits, such as a local park, a favorite restaurant, or grandparent's home.
5. Group visits. Taking field trips to family members at work/home communicates to parents that getting to know families is an important part of the agenda for the teacher, the school, and the other children. The effort of the visit is often rewarded with additional positive feelings about the school valuing the family, and positive feelings from the child about the importance of her family.
6. Opportunities for family members to be part of the classroom. Volunteers and visitors in the classroom build a sense of community. When this method is used, it is essential that teachers communicate the expectations before the visit by giving specific invitations such as offering parents the opportunity to have lunch with their child.
7. Social events. Invite families and school personnel to get to know each other in a social setting such as a breakfast event. The provision of food and child care promote attendance, since these make the event less taxing on the parents and caregivers. Teachers should look for creative ways to make the event as useful as possible to those invited. For instance, the event could be held on a day when the school washing machine would be available for use, if this is something the population needs.
8. Parent-teacher conferences. In the book, Parent-Teacher Conferencing in Early Childhood Education, Lawler (1991) gives teachers suggestions for dealing with different situations, different types of families, and different models for these meetings. Traditionally, these meetings consisted of the teacher telling the parent how the child is doing in school. It is essential, however, that parents' concerns are heard during these meetings.
One-way CommunicationAlthough two-way communication is essential, one-way communications can also play a role. Parents are excited to hear about what is going on at school, even when this communication is one-way. The joy of learning about classroom activities was clearly communicated by one kindergarten parent, Irene Hannigan (1998) who referred to her first newsletter from her child's teacher as a "gold mine." Thoughtful communication helps parents know what the school's expectations are and gives them some notion of what is happening in their children's classrooms. Thus, the classroom does not exit as a partitioned part of a child's life. The following are some examples of effective one-way communication provided by Berger (2000):
1. Newsletters. Newsletters can include items such as quotes from children, children's artwork, book suggestions for families, words to songs or finger plays, photos showing what the children are doing, recipes, and calendars.
2. Handbooks. Parents should have a copy of the school policies clearly outlined. Having handbooks in languages appropriate for the families (or even on audiotape) helps to reduce misunderstandings, such as when a child is too sick to be at school and why.
3. Family bulletin board. Teachers can use bulletin boards to post pictures of what occurred at school that day. Other examples include displays with photos of all children and their families or perhaps displays that also include teachers and their families.
4. Notes. Notes from the teacher may be formal or informal. Why not send artwork home with captions, child's words, or other information that give context to the piece?
Embracing Differences among Families When the teacher and parents share the same culture, there is a greater chance of understanding the nuances of a situation and understanding the significance of unspoken interactions with parent and child. Thus the interactions with the child in the classroom contain less of the potential threat of misunderstanding or misinterpretation (Lightfoot, 1978). Many of the basic goals of parenting are common across all cultures and classes, with differences only in emphasis or the means of attaining these goals (Caruso and Fawcett, 1986).
Many teachers are female, white, and middle class, while many of their students are not. This reality may or may not provide schools and teachers with additional challenges to overcome in finding common ground on which to base relationships. This section will give three suggestions for early childhood teachers: 1) Realize diversity is an issue worthy of attention; 2) Ask the parents for help; and 3) Develop appropriate curriculum.
Realize Diversity Is an Issue Worthy of AttentionClassroom populations are becoming more diverse. Hildebrand, Phenice, Gary, & Hines (2000) show that there has been a steady increase by major ethnic and racial groups (they document the increase among Blacks, Hispanics, and Asians) in the last twenty years.
As Gonzalez-Mena notes, "Culture is learned very early, and early childhood theoreticians and practitioners can't afford to ignore this fact" (p. 9). Thus, the importance of Slavin's recommendations to educators (1997) regarding dealing with inequities is significant. He advocates that children begin learning about different cultures as early as possible, and that their teachers remember that all the children come to school with promise.
Ask Parents for HelpCaruso and Fawcett (1986) stress the efforts of parents as valuable resources. Parents can share their own cultural heritage with children or with staff in a variety of ways, and can also be involved in helping to solve problems stemming from differences. Multicultural education helps children, parents, and teachers learn.
Teachers that have families in their classroom that differ in culture and ethnicity, and who speak a second language, need to view these differences as beneficial in that they help teach children about diversity. As Scherer (1999) states, the fact that schools today mirror the world, a multicultural, multiethnic world, children will live in as adults, should give us hope for erasing inequities. Parents can help teachers construct "stronger mirrors."
Develop Appropriate CurriculumPictures and posters displayed on the walls (often with Caucasian features) in "traditional outfits" do not teach children about cultural and ethnic differences. These displays don't accurately portray the diverse populations in the classroom or in our society. We must address Janet Gonzalez-Mena's (2000) question "What does it do to people who are different from me to have those differences ignored?"(p. 8)
For example, in the writing area, it is common for teachers to post pictures of houses or houses drawn by the teachers, themselves, for inspiration. Most often the houses are the "traditional" type, with a square body, triangular roof, a few windows, and a chimney on top. How does this picture of a house include children that are homeless, live in apartments, or live in shelters? Drawing houses is a fine activity, but the activity could be extended to being more inclusive of differences. Welihousen (1996) shows how teachers may obtain background information about children's homes and build a social studies unit that helps children understand that there is no one right place to live.
ConclusionFamily-teacher relationships are vital for the optimal care of children. They help strengthen adult's knowledge, build children's emotional health, and provide more support systems for children. Successfully building positive relationships with parents requires that teachers take note of barriers and utilize a variety of communication techniques to overcome them. It is through communication that acceptance of others occurs. We advocate that teachers need to make a paradigm switch from seeing families as annoying (or even obstacles) to seeing them as partners in the education of their children. As teachers welcome families and their experiences into the classroom, it becomes a richer place for everyone.
Amy Sussna Klein, Ph.D., is president of ASK Education Consulting. She can be reached by email firstname.lastname@example.com.
Marian Miller, M.Ed.,is a faculty member at Lesley College.
ReferencesBerger, E. (2000). Parents as partners in education.NJ: Merrill Publishing Company.
Carew, J., Goodman, E., Grotberg, E., Katz, L., Wattenberg, W., Ziglar E. & Cascione, R. (1980). Parenting in a changing society.Washington, DC: National Institute of Education.
Caruso, J., & Fawcett, M. (1986). Supervision in early childhood education: A developmental perspective.New York: Teachers College Press.
Coleman, J. (1966). Equity of educational opportunity.Washington, DC: U.S. Office of Education, Government Printing Office.
Coleman, M. (1997). Families and schools: In search of common ground. Young Children,52(5). 14-21.
Diffily, D. & Morrison, K. (1996). Family-friendly communication for early childhood programs.Washington, DC: NAEYC.
Feeney, S. & Freeman, N. (1999). Ethics and the early childhood educator: Using the NAEYC code.Washington, DC: NAEYC.
Galinsky, E. (1989). From our president. A parent/teacher study: Interesting results. Young Children, 45(1): 2-3.
Gonzalez-Mena, J. (2000). Multicultural issues in child care.Mountain View, CA: Mayfield Publishing Company.
Good, L.A. (1996). When a child has been sexually abused: Several resources for parents and early childhood professionals.Young Children, 51(5): 84-85.
Greenberg, P. (1989). Ideas that work with young children. Parents as partners in young children's development and education: A new American fad: Why does it matter. Young Children, 44(4): 61-75.
Halford, J. M. (1999). A different mirror.Educational Leadership, 56(7).
Hannigan, I. (1998). Off to school.Washington, DC: NAEYC.
Hildebrad, V., Phenice, L., Gary M.M., & Hines, R.P. (2000). Knowing and serving diverse families.NJ: Merrill Publishing Company.
Lawler, S. D. (1991). Parent-teacher conferencing in early childhood education.Washington DC: NEA.
Lightfoot, S.L. (1978). Worlds apart.New York: Basic Books.
Manning, D. & Schindler, P.J. (1997). Communicating with parents when their children have difficulties. Young Children, 52(5): 27-33.
Scherer, M. (1999). Perspectives: The lines we draw. Educational Leadership,56(7).
Slavin, R. (1997/98). Reaching for equity. Educational Leadership, 55(4).
Wellhousen, K. (1996). Be it ever so humble: Developing a study of homes for today's diverse society. Young Children, 52(1): 72-76.


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>[Sam Hunting] >> In a topic map, a human is the ultimate arbiter of subject identity. >> Is the same true for an RDF resource? Nope, go ask the URI.Received on Tuesday, 5 June 2001 07:37:47 UTC
This archive was generated by hypermail 2.3.1 : Wednesday, 7 January 2015 15:07:36 UTC


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From 1871 to June 1973, the country of Belize was known as "British Honduras." The name change happened eight years before gaining independence, so it made me wonder where the name "Belize" comes from. The name is beautiful and exotic and must have an interesting story. I did some research and found that the exact origin of the name is not known, but it reflects the history of the country that has been influenced by many cultures.
There are two tales of the origin of the name Belize, each rich in history. One of the stories involves pirates, while the other simply involves Mayan language. The true origin is hidden in history, but it is intriguing to think about regardless of which story you choose to believe.
The first story, and probably the most believable, can be found in the earliest records of the settlement found in a journal dated back to 1677. It belonged to Dominican priest Fray Jose Delgado. The journal says the word "Belize" derives from the Mayan word "Belix," which means "muddy waters," referring to the Belize River. It could have also derived from the word "Belikin," meaning "land facing the sea," a reference to the coast. Both of these were names of popular settlements of the ancient Mayas.
You may not believe the word Belize could have come from the name of a Scottish man, but one theory claims just that. I never really thought about the historical importance of pirates of the Caribbean, but during the 17th century, the Caribbean seas were ruled by organized bands of pirates, an idea straight out of a story. It is not uncommon to hear that the shores of Belize were frequented by the pirates, often referred to as buccaneers, of several nationalities including Dutch, French, Spanish, and British.
Captain Peter Wallace was a Scottish buccaneer and was the first of the pirates to enter the area, with 80 or more companions. It has been said that Wallace was an ex-Governor who was driven out of Tortuga and forced to leave when the Spaniards invaded.
Wallace and his followers found themselves at the mouth of the Belize River, which he is credited with discovering. He used the area as a place of refuge, hiding from Spaniards who roamed the nearby cayes, reefs, and atolls in the Caribbean, and he began a settlement around the Belize River in 1638.
They sought to find stray merchantmen, but the settling buccaneers found that the river contained greater treasures than those that came from passing ships. The river was convenient for transportation and was used to transport thousands of logs. The men gave up their sea expeditions and continued to manufacture logwood, an aspect of Belizean history that continued into the 1900s.
This theory claims that Wallace's followers named the river after him, but the name evolved after the visiting Spaniards could not pronounce "w," substituting it for a "v," calling it "Vallis." This later became "Balise," which is much closer to the current name. "Belize" was finally agreed upon in the late 1700s.
Evidence can be found in the following image. It was scanned from a framed document. The origins are unknown but is used as evidence of the Wallace to Belize evolution story.
Both stories are intriguing and rich with Belizean history. Though, the first story of the Mayan language origin makes the most sense, the story involving Scottish pirates is much more exciting to me. Buccaneers traveling from all over Europe to settle in various places in the Caribbean, influencing history of Belize, is fascinating.


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LEO: How Do I - Modify Visibility for Multiple Events in the List View for Calendar
- From the Course Home page, click Calendar.
- Click List in the calendar views area.
- Select the check boxes next to the events you would like to make changes to. Note: To select all events, select the checkbox at the top of the list.
- Click the More Actions button and select Change Event Visibility.
- In the Set Visibility pop-up window, click the drop down arrow under Event Visibility, to adjust your settings.
- Click Save.


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The Sport ATV category is for the trail rider or racer at heart. Companies like Can-am, Honda, Yamaha, Kawasaki and many more, designed there sport bikes for both the track and the trail. If you like to go fast, switching gears and powering through the holeshot at your local track these are the bikes for you.
Just like the rest of the ATV's there is many different displacements and sizes for each sport ATV. They very from 90cc to the more extreme 450's for the more experience riders. Just like the others if your a beginner at the sport, its not wise to jump on a bigger more aggressive bike. You should start with something smaller and more manageable for your style of riding. Once you feel more confident in your riding ability, your understanding and respect for the more larger, faster ATV's will be a lot easier to ride.
The other major bonus to look into is suspensions setups. This helps for better control, handling around corners and taking impacts of those whoops or jumps at the track or rougher trails you may encounter out in the backwoods. The other things to look at when buying a sport ATV's is accessories and features that can help make your riding style that much more comfortable for you.
Some first hand buying experience for a sport ATV is you want to look for something more nimble around corners. You want to look for something that feels right to you on the trail or track. Just because it might be the fastest on the track doesn't mean your going to have a good handling bike. Suspension and handling is a key factor in any bike, if you don't have those things the faster the bike the harder its going to be able to hold on too. Same on the trails, you want a bike thats average or suites your riding style.


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Employment Opportunities
The Nassau County Department of Social Services offers challenging positions with opportunities for professional growth to those who are seeking a career in the social services field. As Full-time and Part-Time positions become available, recruitment for these positions is done in accordance with Civil Service Law. Jobs are typically filled using a list of eligible candidates meeting minimum qualifications of training and/or experience, who have passed a Civil Service Examination for a specific title. Nassau County Civil Service Exam Announcements are posted in various locations, including:
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REM Icon Styling Unit - Pasadena Pine
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The Icon Styling Unit has a glass shelf as standard, and is available in any colour from the REM range. REM has more than 70 years experience in manufacturing salon furniture and equipment.
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The single market could become the sole reason for the remaining 27 members of the European Union to stay together after Brexit, the European Commission has said in a white paper on the future of Europe.02 Mar 2017
In the paper, titled Avenues for unity for the EU at 27, the Commission looks at five potential scenarios for how the EU could evolve by 2025.
The first is to 'carry on', implementing the EU's current reform agenda. By 2025 this could mean that, for example, Europeans could drive automated and connected cars but still face problems when crossing borders due to some legal and technical obstacles. Crossing borders should be straightforward, without the need to stop for checks, but reinforced security controls at transport hubs would slow travellers at the start of their journeys. E-commerce would be likely to increase as broadband becomes more available, but it would remain disproportionately expensive to have products delivered from another member state.
Scenario two foresees the 27 countries centred on the single market alone as the member states struggle to find common ground on an increasing number of policy areas. Crossing borders would become more difficult, finding a job abroad would be harder, and transferring pension rights not guaranteed, the Commission said.
Europeans would be reluctant to use connected cars, due to the absence of EU-wide rules and standards, while air quality is likely to differ across Europe for the same reason.
Some member states may be happy to do more in some areas, bringing about scenario three, the Commission said. In this scenario some member states work together on "coalitions of the willing" on areas such as defence, security or social issues. This could mean that some states work together on tackling cross-border crime, with fully interconnected databases, the Commission said. Different groupings may develop shared business law to help businesses work across borders within that group. Citizens' rights would begin to vary depending on what country they live in, it said.
Scenario four looks at 'doing less more efficiently'. The 27 EU countries could focus on the policy areas perceived to have more value, such as freeing up frequencies for cross-border communication services, or establishing a European border and coast guard service to manage all external borders. The biggest problem with this scenario is likely to be reaching agreement on what to prioritise, the Commission said.
Finally, scenario five sees member states doing much more together. Member states could decide to share more power, resources and decision-making. EU-wide rules would make some things simpler, and others more complex, the Commission said. Connected cars could travel seamlessly, but people who want to complain about a local project may struggle to reach the relevant authority, it said. There is a risk of alienating parts of society that feel the EU lacks legitimacy or has taken too much power away from national authorities, it said.
"By 2060, none of our member states will account for even 1% of the world's population – a compelling reason for sticking together to achieve more. A positive global force, Europe's prosperity will continue to depend on its openness and strong links with its partners," the Commission said.
Commission president Jean-Claude Juncker said: "60 years ago, Europe's founding fathers chose to unite the continent with the force of the law rather than with armed forces. We can be proud of what we have achieved since then. Our darkest day in 2017 will still be far brighter than any spent by our forefathers on the battlefield. As we mark the 60th anniversary of the Treaties of Rome, it is time for a united Europe of 27 to shape a vision for its future. It's time for leadership, unity and common resolve. The Commission's white paper presents a series of different paths this united EU at 27 could choose to follow. It is the start of the process, not the end, and I hope that now an honest and wide-ranging debate will take place. The form will then follow the function. We have Europe's future in our own hands."
Guy Lougher of Pinsent Masons, the law firm behind Out-Law.com said: "Scenario two, where the EU is nothing but a single market, is closest to the heart of many Brexit supporters, but it unlikely to be adopted. Scenario three, where those who want to do more do so, is probably the most likely in a post-Brexit world, perhaps combined with four, doing less but doing it more efficiently."
"Scenarios one and five are unlikely to be feasible for a variety of reasons. But of course, a Le Pen presidency in France would change things fundamentally," Lougher said.
The white paper has been created as the Commission's contribution to the Rome summit that will be held later this month, and "marks the beginning of a process for the EU27 to decide on the future of their Union". A series of debates will be held across Europe, and "reflection papers" will published by the Commission on: developing the social dimension of Europe; deepening the economic and monetary union on the basis of the five presidents' report of June 2015; harnessing globalisation; the future of Europe's defence; and, the future of EU finances.
The white paper is published the day after the UK's House of Lords backed a guaranteed rright for EU citizens to live in the UK after Brexit. The government opposes granting that right for now and has argued that it should wait until other EU countries offer reciprocal guarantees to UK citizens living abroad.
The government said it was "disappointed" by the vote and hopes to remove the amendment when the Article 50 bill returns to the House of Commons in just under a fortnight.


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AUGUSTA, Maine (AP) — Maine businesses are beginning to feel the impact of a health insurance overhaul law the Legislature passed earlier this year, with some companies seeing premium drops while others seeing their rates rise.
While it's still early to gauge the full effect of the law, some patterns have emerged. Small businesses in rural, northern Maine tend to pay more while those in more urban southern areas pay less, according to a survey of more than 700 businesses by the Maine Bureau of Insurance. Some lawmakers had warned that could happen during debate over the bill.
Portland tech company Wixnet, which employs about 45 workers in their 20s and 30s, saw an 18 percent premium drop, while Mid-Maine Restoration in Edgecomb, with a slightly older work force of five, reported a 35 percent increase. Mid-Maine restores church steeples.
"We can't absorb it, obviously," Mid-Maine co-owner Lisa McSwain told the Portland Press Herald. "We're a construction company is a recession. Even the fact that we've stayed in business is miraculous."
The bill overhauling many provisions of Maine's health care laws was passed by the Republican-controlled Legislature after extended partisan debate. The part that has had an impact so far eases rules on insurance carriers that sell group policies to companies with fewer than 50 workers. It took effect in October. Other provisions will kick in during the next few years.
Among them are $4 charges on all Maine policyholders to cover the cost of high-risk individual policies, and giving businesses the go-ahead to shop out-of-state for coverage plans.
The Maine State Chamber of Commerce, which was neutral on the overhaul, said it's too early to understand the full impact of the law.
Information from: Portland Press Herald, http://www.pressherald.com


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The Weekly New York Mets Report for April 17, 2012
Tonight Mr. Mark Berman joins me for the weekly Mets report. Topics include;
Johan Santana, R. A. Dickey, Jonathon Niese, Mike Pelfrey, Dillon Gee, The Bullpen, David Wright, Jason Bay, Ike Davis, Lucas Duda, Ruben Tejada, Daniel Murphy and Terry Collins.
To listen to the program from the site please click the link provided below. To save this program to your portable listening device please right click the link below and select "save as".
Mark Berman's blog/website can be found here. Mark's book Brilliant Disguise can be obtained here.
The Phil Naessens Show is now on Phatz Sports Radio
Music for the Phil Naessens Show by MatzWallez
The Phil Naessens Show is proudly presented by Swagg Screen and Textile
Please visit and "like" us on our Facebook page


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Facilities Available
Breastfeeding Room
Changing Room
Art & Craft Area
Family Bathrooms
Welcome to the most fun place in town. The Splat Company is a unique, Nelspruit based indoor play centre for the young ones. Providing a space for the whole family to get together and enjoy hours of safe entertainment, no matter what the weather is doing outside, The Splat Company is a great place to spend the day. If you are looking for the safest place to take your little ones, a place where they can enjoy some exhilarating entertainment in a safe environment, then this is the place for you. At The Splat Company, we cater to children from the ages of 0 – 10 years, providing a stimulating play area that they are simply going to love. In this unique space, they will be given the opportunity to not only enjoy some playtime with their friends, while they make a few new ones, but they will also be learning new skills through safe but exciting climbing activities, as well as by spending the day sliding, spinning and jumping around to their hearts content. Our play centre is unlike any other you have seen before. Here you are guaranteed to discover an experience that is completely new to both children and parents alike. So what makes us the best place in town to have fun? With a fun multi-tiered but soft Jungle themed structure, every inch of our brightly coloured area is designed as a soft play facility that is ideal for toddlers and young children to have plenty of fun. But our play space is more than just the play area. We have comfortable seating to rest weary bodies after hours of play, and we have a selection of delicious drinks and a host of freshly prepared meals, all to be enjoyed in our eye-catching Splat café. This is a place for the family to sit back and enjoy a wholesome meal. Affordable fun for everyone. What is the cost of so much fun? It is far less than you would think, because after all, every child deserves to have the opportunity to let loose and be free, and every parent deserves to have the peace of mind of knowing their child is playing safely. So here are the prices that you are looking at: • Under 1-year-old kids: R30 for the first hour (No charge for kids who do not use the play area) • 1 - 10-year-old kids R50 for the first hour and 70c per minute thereafter. And then we have the party packages. Sit back and let us take care of the arrangements for your child's next birthday party. To see the packages available, click here. The extras for your convenience: The other facilities that we have available include: • Breastfeeding Room • Changing Room • Family Bathrooms • Art and Craft Area • Party Studios and Packages • Holiday Packages Want to find out more? Contact Us! • Ricky: 076 942 0502 • Office: 013 752 2165 • Email: email@example.com • Crossing Shopping Centre, Shop 86


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John 20:17
Jesus said, "Do not hold on to me, for I have not yet ascended to the Father."
I love that he invites / allows us to hold on to him now that he is next to God. Holding on, in reverance and passion for the life that he gives…. What an I really holding on to?


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If you're a history buff, an anglophile, or someone who really enjoys brilliant acting, you'll want to see The King's Speech. Colin Firth was amazing. He had to get Best Actor at the Oscars. The man had no equal.
Firth was sublime. He was so believable as the timid, self-conscious king that you couldn't help but mouth the words for him as he stammered his way through day to day conversations. That had to be one of the toughest roles any actor has ever been asked to play.
And Geoffrey Rush. My God. He cannot make a bad movie. The whole cast was impressive, but at its core, the movie belonged to Firth and Rush. You empathized completely with a man plagued by a disability that would crush a lesser soul. Colin Firth delivered such a stunning performance I will now watch him in anything. He's that good.
Here's the synopsis from the web site: After the death of his father King George V and the abdication of King Edward VIII, Bertie (Colin Firth) who suffers from a debilitating speech impediment, is suddenly crowned King George VI of England. With his country on the brink of war and in desperate need of a leader, his wife, Elizabeth, the future Queen Mother, arranges for her husband to see an eccentric speech therapist, Lionel Logue (Geoffrey Rush).
Be forewarned that this is not an action movie. There are no explosions or chase scenes. It's a movie about subtlety and affliction and courage. The dialog is clever and witty. The characterizations are sharply drawn and the tension is palpable. It's a quiet film that examines character, peeling the layers from King George VI (and his family) like an onion.
I have a passion for people with bull dog determination, and both Bertie and Colin Firth delivered in spades.
I can highly recommend this movie. Have you seen it--or plan to? What did you think? Any favorite parts?


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With telehealth expected to dramatically alter the scope and nature of healthcare throughout the remainder of this decade, companies in the healthcare sector are piling into the telehealth market with exceeding enthusiasm.
As telehealth initiatives continue to focus on rural healthcare, Adventist Health and Blue Shield aren't wasting time in accelerating this trend.
The partners are behind a new telehealth venture aimed at helping people in rural Northern California communities access specialty care.


text: In our experience, one of the main things many trial teams have trouble with is naming case files on the computer. The names they use for their files are too descriptive and long. For example, many attorneys use either a short or long description, sometimes even full sentences, as a file name as seen below. … continue reading »


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SUBMITTED BY ARTHUR N1ORC - AMSAT A/C #31468 *Discovery Crew is Ready To Go - 11 a.m.* The Discovery crewmembers had an early morning wake-up call and ate their traditional launch-day breakfast in crew quarters located in the Operations and Checkout Building. Later they joined their crewmates and the entire flight team donned orange flight suits that contain an oxygen supply, communications equipment and a temperature control system. The suits also offer protection in the event of an emergency. After suiting up, the astronauts will make their way out of their quarters to a vehicle waiting to take them to Launch Pad 39B. Yesterday's launch of Space Shuttle Discovery was postponed because of weather. This continues to be an issue today, with a 70 percent chance that local weather conditions will foil today's launch attempt. The preferred time for today's launch from Kennedy Space Center is 3:26 p.m. + View Press Release <http://www.nasa.gov/centers/kennedy/news/releases/2006/release-20060701.html> Steven Lindsey commands a crew of five American astronauts, Pilot Mark Kelly and Mission Specialists Michael Fossum, Lisa Nowak, Stephanie Wilson and Piers Sellers, and one astronaut from the European Space Agency, Thomas Reiter. This is the 18th U.S. flight to the International Space Station and the 32nd flight for Space Shuttle Discovery. In Discovery's payload bay, the multi-purpose logistics module Leonardo, built by the Italian Space Agency, will deliver more than two tons of supplies, equipment and tools on its fourth trip to the station. While docked, the STS-121 crew will test new equipment and procedures to improve shuttle safety, as well as make repairs to the station. Reiter will remain with the Expedition 13 crew on the station. ---- Via the sarex mailing list at AMSAT.ORG courtesy of AMSAT-NA. To unsubscribe, send "unsubscribe sarex" to firstname.lastname@example.com
AMSAT Home


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Ya want a free digi?
>> Friday, June 3, 2011
Ok, this is a shameless and i mean SHAMELESS plug.
I didnt get a chance to use my own wordart I created for the Friday Freebie over on the Paper Makeup Stamps blog... but since i created the wordart, i get to post it here on my crafting blog right?
Anyhoo, here's a sneakie peek!
Go grab yours on the site or the blog and get crafty this weekend!!!


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Railway Children – MAMI Young Critic's Review
Railway Children is a Kannada film. The plot revolves around the experiences of a runaway child at a railway station. Like the plot, the filmmaking is simple. The direction is straightforward and one can see, hear and understand clearly what is going on. The style manages to effectively convey the innocent worldview of children. We see that it is this innocence that propels the characters, and gives them the courage to survive in a cruel world.
The protagonist joins a social hierarchy and quickly learns the ropes for survival. He is fed, sheltered, and makes convenient use of his surroundings. He faces difficulties, but also exercises a far greater freedom than most children are accustomed to. His independence slowly nurtures and gives rise to an entrepreneurial spirit. Soon, he not only manages to survive but thrives in a bleak and dilapidated environment.
Reality comes knocking and the children are taken under the care of a social worker. They leave the harsh outer world and enter a world of cozy comfy imprisonment. But they seem to be surrounded by sickness and death. Although, life just gets much better, the children who were all smiles and jubilant, are now angry.
Anyone who reads enough newspapers should know that the world isn't pretty. I hardly see the reason of appealing to our visual aesthetic to evoke disgust. But we realize that the children's lives really didn't change much as runaways. At the hands of abusive parents they suffered much the same as at the hands of their abusive gang boss. Yet given the choice, they were prepared to run away all over again.
Why? Because the children gained agency in exchange for safety. They chose pain rather than merely becoming victims. They preferred reckless abandonment, with its consequences, rather than infringes on their personal freedom and identity. The basic needs for food, clothing and shelter faded in comparison to their existentialist need for understanding. The way in which this is shown to us makes Railway Children a film worth watching.
-Varun Makrande
TagsBollywood Indian cinema Indian film pandolin blog magazine film-making review cinema film making a movie making a film movie making make a movie pangolin mandolin pandolin.com pandolim young critics lab Railway Children MAMI Young Critics
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This all-in-one preventative and after bite cream treatment is effective and nice smelling. No need to smear gobs of bug repellent; just dot the cream on exposed skin and blend in. It is perfect for being outdoors or going camping.
The cream contains a blend of 16 essential oils including Cedar, Mint, Lemongrass, and Geraniumn oils. Deet Free. Safe for children and can even be used on pets. Effective on black flies, mosquitoes, fleas and ticks. Provides up to 4 hours of bug relief. Net wt 2 oz.
Made in the USA


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What Colleagues Are Saying:
Robin is a very bright, insightful and caring coach. Her generosity in both time and spirit is tremendous. Robin has supported me personally in developing materials for a new aspect of my business. Her marketing insights were astute and extremely helpful. Her support was invaluable throughout the process. I would highly recommend Robin to anyone who wants a strong, supportive accountability partner at their side.
-Sharon Rich, Owner, Soul Incorporated
"Robin combines high intelligence with excellent people skills and an infectious sense of humor. Her professional, yet down-to-earth approach allows her to work effectively with the broadest possible range of people. Robin is equally adept at analyzing details and at seeing and communicating the big picture."
- Brad Anderson, Dir., Government Relations, Viacom Outdoor
Robin Belkin has a very unique talent for drilling down to the essence of an issue and creating positive changes at the core level. She's been a limitless source of fresh ideas that really make sense and have worked well for me. If you need a strategic partner to wrap her mind around a tough challenge, to help you get focused and moving forward, Robin is the one to call."
- David Wargo, Owner, Velocity
Listen to Robin's interview on CBS Radio
FM 97.3 KLLC San Francisco, CA
|What Clients Are Saying:
"Working with Robin Belkin of MyVeryOwnCoach.com has essentially changed my life! Though coaching was completely new to me, Robin has worked diligently to help me modify my life so that I am accomplishing what I have always desired. She dedicates more than is required of herself and her time to make sure every session is valuable and meaningful. She is direct, compassionate, perceptive and caring in her approach. Robin has excellent listening skills and phenomenal coaching talent."
- Melissa Moe. Sales Executive Time-Warner; Mother & Wife
"I started working with Robin Belkin when I felt completely out of alignment. I had left my teaching job to pursue a Writing and Editing career, but did not know how to begin. I felt scared, confused and very alone. My first session with Robin was amazing! She had a way of encouraging and supporting me from the get-go that went way beyond my experiences in therapy, workshops, and even my closest friends. Her coaching style provided clear goals and required an honest look at the things I had been tolerating for too long, as well as talents and passions that Ihad been ignoring. Robin's approach is a challenging and comforting blend of structure, optimism and self-reflection. My experience with Robin was a pleasure and her generosity and campassion were unparalleled."
- Julia Gillam, Teacher, Writer
Robin Belkin, Certified Life Coach
ACC, International Coach Federation
Masters Degree in Counseling, CSUEB
Bachelors Degree in Sociology, UCSC
CUG, Coach University


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Nuno Henriques aka Lama was born in 1975 in Lisbon – Portugal. He has started his career as an engineer/dj/sound Designer and producer early in 1998 as being one of the pioneers of Trance Music in Portugal introducing later in his dj sets a mix of music styles such as Psy- Trance, Techno, Progressive and Deep House. Currently his music references.
In 2000 together with producer and DJ Ramnah, formed Project Z.E.N. Their first EP named "Zero Gravity" was released by Universal Music and played on some key radio stations across the country.
Lama interrupted his music career for a few years to his former "standard" job but since 2010 he returned strong, by creating music on his own as an outlet for his creativity.
Now with over a decade of producing and sound engineering experience he became well known for his technical ability. But that's only half of the story; His musical talent also flourished with recent productions receiving widespread support from other Dj's and Clubbers alike.
In the summer of 2010 DJ Lama formed the "Fenix Project" - followed by the production of his first song "Plugin" a fusion of Progressive and Tech House combined with elements from other music styles and which received excellent reviews in all performances. In December 2011 released his first EP called "Plastic House" on Micro Digital Records from London, which received some nice support.
In April 2012 edited another track on Micro Digital Records in a Compilation called "Hybrid – RMX's" with a very minimalistic techno track from "Fenix Project" together with other Portuguese producers like Gustavo Rodrigues (Stereo Addiction) Diogo Ribeiro and Pena enriching their musical influences. In fact "Fenix Project" is synonymous of quality & integrity, reborn from the ashes.
DJ Lama performed nearly in every club in Portugal. Top to the bottom. Places like the mythic Alcantra-Mar, Pacha, Vatican, Kremlin and many others… He became resident DJ at Hipnose Productions where he remained for several years performing at major festivals such as "Optimus Hype Meco"
Lama had some cool experiences playing abroad, like Ibiza, Italy, Brazil, Mozambique, London, India and a few others. He had some key reviews from his live performances as "Fenix Project" both on his live and dj sets.
His great skills as a producer and DJ together with an impeccable taste gave him a strong Dj reputation in Portugal. He played with major dj´s such as Paul Taylor, Dick Trevor, Mike Maguire, Juno Reactor, Dimitri Nakov, Dino Psaras, Cydonia, Psycatron, D-Sens, Fiord, MOS, Audiojack. Pena, D-Nox & Beckers and many others.
In addition to his DJ skills and studio talents DJ Lama got the inviation from Pena, as manager and A&R of Flow-Records
In January 2013 will see released "Substance EP" from Micro Digital Records as well as an Album and other RMX's for Flow- Records and this December comes the long awaited cosmology EP
Stay tuned…
Lama on Resident Advisor


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Hi Guys!
As ever it doesnt seem like a week has passed since the last box arrived, and now June's Cohorted box has just landed on my doormat! Let's take a look what's included in this months box –
- HD Brows Eye & Brow Palette in Foxy, worth £25.00.
- NARS Velvet Matte Lip Pencil, in Sierra, worth £20.00.
- James Read Instant Bronzing Spray, worth £25.00.
- Lord & Berry Supreme Iridescent Eyeliner, in Smart Blue, worth £12.00.
Total value of box = £82.00.
Ok, so this box probably isn't the most exciting I've seen from Cohorted (it would have been nice to receive five products rather than four) never the less at £82.00 it is a high value box, and I'm looking forward to getting stuck in and trying everything out…
I'm a big fan of NARS lip products, especially their Velvet Matte Lip Pencils, so I was really happy to find one in this months box! The shade Sierra is not really my colour though unfortunately – it's kind of a burnt sienna / orange shade, which I think would look amazing on darker skin tones, but it doesn't really do much for my pasty complexion! The booklet does say 'mixed' for the shade though, so it looks as though there will be a variety of shades on offer. I should also point out that though I'm not keen on this particular colour, I definitely think NARS' Velvet Matte Lip Pencils are one of the best matte lipsticks you can buy.
The Lord & Berry Supreme Iridescent Eyeliner also caught my eye – you know how I love a blue eyeliner! Shade Smart Blue is a deep midnight blue with a metallic matte finish. It applies nicely and the formula is smooth and soft, but not too soft – I'm really happy this was in the box!
The HD Brows Palette also looks pretty good – this palette contains a highlighter, three brow shades (all matte pressed powder) and a clear wax for setting the brows, as well as a double ended brush. It's also great that the shadows are dual purpose, so you can use them both as eyeshadow and for your brows.
And lastly the James Read Instant Bronzing Spray – I must admit I'm usually quite wary when it comes to fake tan as I'm pretty pale. The James Read Instant Bronzing Spray promises to deliver an all over golden tan with ease. I'll be trying this out over the next few days so keep an eye on my snapchat (tsncblog) to see how I get on!
I'd love to hear if you picked up this box and what you thought of it?
This post contains press samples


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Frequent Links
Jucy Lucy
|This article possibly contains original research. (March 2011)
|Jucy Lucy
A Jucy Lucy from Matt's Bar in Minneapolis
|Alternative names
|Juicy Lucy
|Place of origin
|United States
|Region or state
|Minneapolis, Minnesota
|Multiple claims
|Serving temperature
|Main ingredients
|Hamburger, cheese
Food energy
(per serving)
|600 kcal (2512 kJ)
|16x16px Cookbook:Jucy Lucy 16x16px Jucy Lucy
A Jucy Lucy [sic] or Juicy Lucy is a cheeseburger that has the cheese inside the meat patty in addition to on top. A piece of cheese is surrounded by raw meat and cooked until it melts, resulting in a molten core of cheese within the patty. This scalding hot cheese tends to gush out at the first bite, so servers frequently warn patrons to let the burger cool for a few minutes before consumption to avoid injury.[citation needed]
Two bars on the same street in South Minneapolis both claim to have invented the sandwich: Matt's Bar and the 5-8 Club.[1] They differ in how they spell it; the former omits the letter "i" in "Juicy", while the latter uses the standard spelling. Shirts worn by staff at the 5-8 Club have the motto "if it's spelled right, it's done right" while advertising for Matt's Bar says "Remember, if it is spelled correctly, you are eating a shameless rip-off!"[2]
Reinterpretations of the Lucy at other area restaurants are encouraged, rather than quashed. For example, the Groveland Tap in neighboring St. Paul serves a "Cajun Lucy" featuring jalapeño peppers floating in pepper jack cheese. St. Paul has the The Nook, which serves a "Juicy Nookie", and The Blue Door Pub, which has the Juicy Blucy, which consists of bleu cheese and finely chopped garlic. Another variation has fried bacon as well as cheese in the middle, referred to as a "Mary Shelley" (Author of Frankenstein) when the bacon is visibly poking out from the sides of the burger. Grumpy's in Minneapolis also serves a Jucy Lucy that they serve with tater tots. At Doug's Downtown Grill in Garden Grove, CA, you can get the West Coast rendition. In Lebanon, Roadster diner has also attempted its very own cheese-stuffed patty in which they call the "Cheese-At-Heart". Unlike the traditional Lucy, the patty is stuffed with Swiss cheese and topped with cheddar cheese, lettuce, and potato chips.[3]
In 2010, Whitmans in New York City opened, billing itself as the "Home of The Juicy Lucy" although it was not conceived by the owners.[4][5]
See also
- ^ Jay Boller & Justin Flower, Burger Battle Minnesota Daily, March 2008.
- ^ Matt's Bar
- ^ Roadster Diner | Rd Cheese-At-Heart | 15 750
- ^ Whitmans
- ^ Kraft | Whitmans
Further reading
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Jucy Lucy.
- Edge, John T. (2005). Hamburgers & fries : an American story. G.P. Putnam's Sons. ISBN 0-399-15274-1.
- Cook's Country magazine, July 2007 issue
- Moskowitz Grumdahl, Dara (August 12, 1998). "A tribe called Lucy". City Pages. Retrieved 2009-10-30.


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Pictures of the 17th Century outfits made for the Thanksgiving get-together!
I started with the 1610 jacket pattern from Norah Waugh's The Cut of Women's Clothes, and used it as a base for all the bodices. The linen smocks are just the basic square construction with a slightly different neckline, and ties at throat and wrists.
Aspen - white linen ruffled smock (chemise) with a gored jacket and skirt from a length of green wool that had been in my stash for some time. Trimmed with grey/blue bias tape and metal buttons.
Carolina - linen cap, brown wool vest, linen stripe skirt and blue linen apron
Me - linen smock, 1860s corset (hey - it worked! :^), black wool jacket, and blue wool skirt stolen from an 1860s dress - trimmed with black braid.
The family! The guys wore their white 1860s shirts with vest or their Medieval leather tunics.
Mom - linen smock, brown linen jacket with metal buttons, and lavendar wool skirt from an 1860s dress.
The littlest brother!
The get-together was so much fun! We got to meet lots of new friends, and had a grand time. :^)


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Accountemps, a division of Robert Half, is the world's first and largest specialized temporary staffing company for accounting, finance and bookkeeping professionals. Accountemps provides support throughout an accounting department, including:
Our parent company, Robert Half has earned multiple awards and honors in recent years.
Management Harold M. Messmer, Jr., Chairman and CEO Andrew Denka, Executive Director
Web site Address www.accountemps.ca
Office Locations Accountemps is headquartered in Menlo Park, CA, and has more than 350 locations throughout the Americas, Europe and the Asia-Pacific region. For more information, please call the Quebec office nearest you.
Laval 2550 Daniel Johnson BlvdBureau 700 Pointe-Claire, QC H7T 2L1 Phone: 450.687.5173 Fax: 450.687.2574 Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Montreal 1 Place Ville Marie Suite 2330 Montreal, QC H3B 3M5 Phone: 514.875.8585 Fax: 514.875.8066 Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Quebec City 970-2600 Laurier Blvd Place De La Cite Quebec, QC G1V 4W2 Phone: 418.266.0312 Fax: 418.266.0322 Email: firstname.lastname@example.com West Island 755 St. Jean Boulevard Suite 404 Pointe-Claire, QC H9R 5M9 Phone: 514.694.9609 Fax: 514.694.3460 Email: email@example.com
Recommended Jobs
at Accountemps
Accounts Payable Clerk
ONTARIO-Burlington -
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Accounting Assistant


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Each eve earth falleth down the dark,
As though its hope were o'er;
Yet lurks the sun when day is done
Behind to-morrow's door.
Grey grows the dawn while men-folk sleep,
Unseen spreads on the light,
Till the thrush sings to the coloured things,
And earth forgets the night.
No otherwise wends on our Hope:
E'en as a tale that's told
Are fair lives lost, and all the cost
Of wise and true and bold.
We've toiled and failed; we spake the word;
None hearkened; dumb we lie;
Our Hope is dead, the seed we spread
Fell o'er the earth to die.
What's this? For joy our hearts stand still,
And life is loved and dear,
The lost and found the Cause hath crowned,
The Day of Days is here.
This Project Gutenberg etext [number 3468] was produced by David Price, email email@example.com, from the 1896 Longmans, Green and Co. edition. GPL converted it to HTML for the Victorian Web in August 2004 and to CSS in December 2006.
Last modified 27 August 2004


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Lorraine Marwood
Speaker type
- Author
- Poet
- Educational consultant
- Interstate
Lorraine Marwood is both an accomplished literary and children's poet and children's / YA author.
She also writes strategies to teach poetry writing to children and adults. She has five collections of poems published for children, the latest being Guinea Pig town and Other Poems About Animals in 2013.
Lorraine is based in Bendigo, Victoria and writes from a rural and regional background. She has a passion for the history of the goldfields as reflected in Ratwhiskers and Me. Her work was recognised with her verse novel Star Jumps winning the 2010 Prime Minister's award, children's section.
Her poems have appeared in many anthologies and regularly appear in the School Magazine New South Wales.
In July 2018 Lorraine's opinion piece Lord Will I Die? appeared in The Guardian Australia (see attached link). It describes how her own journey through cancer inspired her to write her latest book Leave Taking. Leave Taking tells the story of out a boy called Toby whose family are packing up and leaving their family farm after the death of Toby's younger sister, Leah.
Listen to Lorraine's interview on ABC Radio Brisbane which describes this journey:
Taking Leave also received a glowing review in Children's Books Daily - Book People: Lorraine Marwood
"The very best verse novels are fine examples of paring back words, until only the very heart of the story and raw emotion remain."
Lorraine was a fantastic speaker. She gave the students ideas of how poets work and ran a workshop to practise the skills, so there was a good balance between the theory and the practise which is better for primary students. Her introductory session was also informative and her reading of the poems was good. Just having the opportunity to meet a writer and poet is an experience too.
Lorraine Marwood - Lowther Hall Anglican School, October, 2013.Lorraine Marwood - Lowther Hall Anglican School, October, 2013.Lorraine Marwood


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First world problems.
Later, a friend told me about how they lost power for over 24 hours. He was saying the same thing - they were really dependent on power and without it they just didn't know what to do with themselves! No coffee! No air conditioning! No lights!
First world problems.
Can you relate? With all of the storms lately, have you had to adjust your lifestyle for a few hours? It can be very unsettling and hugely inconvenient, can't it?
First world problems.
Is it okay to find discomfort and to vent that every now and then when we don't have access to things we are "used to"? Sure, I suppose. But perspective will knock the complaining right out of me every time. I remember a few years back when I took a mission trip to Bolivia. I was awed by how the local children huddled around marbles in a dusty road and kept themselves busy playing with each other for hours. There wasn't power in many of their homes. They had to boil water for a bath every single day. The inconveniences we find most annoying are a way of life for these people. And honestly...they were so happy. Happier than most Americans. Happier than me at times. It was a huge wake up call for me.
How ridiculous we must look to some people when we complain about petty things. Philippians 2:14 tells us, "In everything you do, stay away from complaining and arguing, so that no one can speak a word of blame against you. You are to live clean, innocent lives as children of God in a dark world full of crooked and perverse people. Let your lives shine brightly before them." What an important thing to remember.
Here are some "first world problems" that might give you a good chuckle...and might help you find some perspective in the process:
Philippians 4:11-13 - I have learned how to be content with whatever I have. I know how to live on almost nothing or with everything. I have learned the secret of living in every situation, whether it is with a full stomach or empty, with plenty or little. For I can do everything through Christ, who gives me strength.


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|Minimum Salary
|Salary Transfer
|Islamic Finance
|Maximum Term
|Flat Rate
|Reducing Rate
|al khaliji France - Mortgage
|Minimum Salary: AED 25,000
|Salary Transfer: No
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|Maximum Term: 25 Years
|Flat Rate: -
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Whatever your property finance requirement al khaliji France will find a mortgage solution tailored to your needs.
Cross border mortgages also available where you can buy properties in France, UAE and Qatar
Cross border mortgages also available where you can buy properties in France, UAE and Qatar
- The variable rate starts from 3.99% for 1 year, and subsequently 12 months EIBOR + bank margin with a minimum rate of 3.5% p.a.
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- Automatic Premium Banking status
- Dedicated Relationship Manager
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- Doorstep banking
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- Free World MasterCard credit card with up to 5% cashback and free airport lounge access across the Middle East
- Easy and hassle free process
- Free pre-approvals
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- All new, buy-out, top-up mortgage loans are eligible, subject to promotion terms and conditions
- Free overpayments up to 30% of the outstanding loan amount per calendar year
- This promotion is available for Individual personal customers who require Mortgage Loans/Finance only
** Calculator Definitions
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