text:
- Research
- Open Access
Specific food intake, fat and fiber intake, and behavioral correlates of BMI among overweight and obese members of a managed care organization
© Linde et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2006
- Received: 11 May 2006
- Accepted: 26 November 2006
- Published: 26 November 2006
The study examined correlates of body mass index (BMI) in overweight and obese members of a managed care organization seeking treatment for obesity. It assessed intake of specific foods, dietary fat or fiber, and behaviors attempted to control weight.
Participants were 508 men and 1293 women who were > 18 years and had a self-reported BMI > 27.0. This paper reports analyses of baseline and 24-month follow-up data from a randomized weight-loss trial. Cross-sectional and prospective relationships between BMI and behaviors were examined with regression analyses controlling for age and education.
At baseline, hamburger and beef consumption were associated with higher BMI for men; for women, hamburger, fried chicken, hot dog, bacon or sausage, egg, French fry, and overall fat consumption were associated with higher BMI, while eating high fiber cereal, fruit, and overall fiber intake were associated with lower BMI. Virtually all forms of weight control behavior were reported more often in heavier people. Subscribing to exercise magazines, however, was associated with lower BMI. Decreased fat intake and increased fruit/vegetable/fiber intake over the course of the study were associated with reductions in BMI at 24 months.
The same behaviors that differentiate individuals with different body weight in the general population also differentiate between individuals of different body weights at the high end of the weight distribution. Educational efforts aimed at preventing weight gain and reducing obesity might benefit from focusing on specific foods known to be associated empirically with body weight and weight change over time.
- Body Mass Index
- Lower Body Mass Index
- Usual Care Group
- Baseline Body Mass Index
- Weight Control Behavior
Recent dramatic increases in the prevalence of obesity around the world [1–4] have provided an opportunity for renewed discussion of how best to advise the general public about behaviors that may be helpful in reducing body weight or preventing weight gain. Although opinions on this topic vary widely, two prominent source of information are the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, commissioned by the United States Departments of Agriculture and Health and Human Services [5] and the report from the World Health Organization (WHO) entitled Global Strategy on Diet, Physical Activity and Health [6]. These guidelines tend to be expressed in terms of nutritional attributes. For example, both sets of guidelines recommend choosing a diet that is low in saturated fat, cholesterol, sodium and sugar, moderate in total fat and high in fruit and vegetable intake. While these guidelines are widely accepted by the nutritional community, arguably they fall short of being optimal for promoting behavior change because their translation into understandable behavioral directives requires knowledge of the nutritional composition of foods that many people are not likely to possess.
Lack of specificity in public health recommendations about weight control may be explained in part by decades of dietary research that does not address behavioral specificity directly. A considerable body of research demonstrates that dietary fat intake is associated with weight and weight change [7–13]. However, information that is available on the associations of food choices or other behaviors and weight typically has been collected in general population samples [7, 13], by considering macronutrient intake or general food categories rather than more specific foods [8–10, 12] or in small samples with restricted assessment of specific foods [11], so that the relevance of this information in terms of behavioral specificity may be limited.
In order to better identify specific behavioral recommendations for weight control among overweight and obese adults, the goal of the current study was to examine specific food choice and other behavioral correlates of body mass index (BMI) in overweight and obese adults seeking treatment for weight loss. Frequency of intake of a number of specific foods, overall fat and fiber intake, and weight control behaviors (formal and informal) are assessed. It is believed that the size of this sample of overweight and obese treatment seekers provides a particularly unique opportunity to examine whether behaviors that are associated with differences in body weight in the general population are also associated with body weight differences in the clinically obese, treatment-seeking range.
Data for the present study were collected as part of the assessment for a 2-year weight-loss intervention trial, Weigh-To-Be. The purpose of the overall study was to determine the effectiveness of two low-intensity weight control programs that use mail or telephone contacts to deliver weight-loss services in comparison to usual care [14, 15].
Participants for Weigh-To-Be were recruited from four clinics of a large collaborating managed-care organization (MCO) by way of fliers, mailings, and physician referral. Members of the MCO interested in the study were invited to call a general phone number to determine eligibility. Eligibility requirements were age ≥ 18 years; not currently pregnant, lactating, or planning to become pregnant in the following 6 months; a BMI ≥ 27 based on self-reported weight and height; and agreement to conditions of participation.
Once recruited, participants were randomized to one of three conditions (a mail-based weight intervention, a telephone-based weight intervention, or a usual care group) by study coordinators, using identification numbers taken in order from the appointment book. Randomization was done in blocks of 15. After randomization, letters were sent to participants to inform them of group status. Weight loss protocols were derived from prior weight loss studies by members of the Weigh-to-Be research team and designed as potentially cost-effective delivery modes for weight loss within an MCO population. Intervention consisted of 10 self-paced modules that promoted behavioral goal setting and self-monitoring, decreases in caloric intake, and increases in physical activity. Intervention content was designed for delivery by mail (written materials and regular mailings from trained staff to monitor treatment progress) or by telephone (same written materials as mail-based intervention, with the substitution of regular telephone contacts with trained staff to monitor treatment progress). Participants assigned to the usual care group were not offered weight intervention beyond that available through the MCO health plan. At the time of the study, the MCO health plan was offering telephone-based weight counseling, clinic-based advice on selecting a weight control program in the community, and clinic-based group programs provided by health plan staff, both for a $25 fee.
Data were collected from 508 men and 1293 women at baseline, and from 295 men and 705 women at 24-month follow-up (56% of baseline sample). Participants with missing data at follow-up were younger [48.4 vs. 52.6 years, t(1652) = 7.24, p < .0001], less educated [3.2 vs. 3.5 on a 5-point scale, t(1798) = 4.92, p < .0001], and had a higher average baseline BMI [34.8 vs. 33.7 kg/m2, t(1638) = -4.06, p < .0001]. No significant differences in weight change between participants in the three treatment conditions were observed at two years (mail group: -0.7 kg, telephone group: -1.0 kg, usual care group: -0.6 kg; p = .55) [15].
Body mass index (BMI)
Characteristics of the study population.
N (%) or Mean (SD)
N (%) or Mean (SD)
508 (28%)
1293 (72%)
Mean age (years)
53.7 (0.5)
49.5 (0.3)
Education (some college or greater)
415 (82%)
981 (76%)
Mean BMI (kg/m2), baseline
33.6 (0.3)
34.4 (0.2)
Mean BMI change, 24 months
-0.46 (2.35)‡
-0.49 (2.66)‡
Consumption of selected foods and total fat/fiber at baseline (mean frequency/month)
4.4 (3.6)
3.3 (2.5)
4.7 (3.7)
4.1 (3.3)
Fried chicken
2.6 (2.7)
1.9 (2.0)
Hot dogs
2.2 (2.1)
1.6 (1.3)
5.1 (3.8)
4.8 (3.7)
Bacon or sausage
3.3 (3.0)
2.7 (2.6)
French fries
3.7 (3.2)
3.0 (2.6)
Total fat
82.3 (28.7)
74.7 (26.0)
14.2 (9.8)
16.6 (10.5)
High fiber cereal
9.7 (9.7)
8.4 (9.2)
Total fruit/vegetable/fiber
97.1 (36.0)
97.4 (36.8)
Consumption of selected foods at 24 months (mean frequency/month)
3.0 (2.5) ‡
2.4 (1.7)‡
3.6 (2.7)‡
3.1 (2.4)‡
Fried chicken
2.2 (2.1)*
1.5 (1.2)‡
Hot dogs
1.8 (2.0)
1.5 (1.4)
5.3 (4.4)
4.7 (3.7)
Bacon or sausage
2.9 (2.9)
2.3 (2.3)‡
French fries
2.5 (2.0)‡
2.2 (1.9)‡
Total fat
65.5 (24.9)§
59.3 (22.9)§
17.7 (9.9)‡
20.1 (10.1)‡
High fiber cereal
12.2 (10.3)*
10.1 (9.7)‡
Total fruit/vegetable/fiber
108.5 (36.4)†
104.5 (35.6)§
Ever dieted to lose weight
360 (71%)
1183 (92%)
Formal weight loss program, past 2 years
72 (14%)
455 (35%)
Own weight loss books
198 (39%)
721 (56%)
Own nutrition books
252 (50%)
766 (59%)
Own low fat cookbooks
303 (57%)
984 (76%)
Subscribe to exercise magazines
37 (7%)
97 (7%)
Mean baseline BMI by weight-related behavior.
Mean (SE)
Mean (SE)
Mean (SE)
Mean (SE)
Diet program (past 2 years)
35.46 (0.58)
33.30 (0.24)
< .01
35.00 (0.30)
34.12 (0.22)
Ever dieted
34.17 (0.26)
32.22 (0.41)
< .01
34.67 (0.18)
31.80 (0.60)
< .01
Weight loss books at home
34.69 (0.35)
32.92 (0.28)
< .01
35.16 (0.23)
33.51 (0.26)
< .01
Nutrition books at home
33.78 (0.32)
33.43 (0.31)
34.94 (0.23)
33.69 (0.27)
< .01
Diet cookbooks at home
33.56 (0.29)
33.68 (0.35)
34.74 (0.20)
33.43 (0.36)
< .01
Exercise magazine subscription
33.04 (0.82)
33.65 (0.23)
33.03 (0.64)
34.54 (0.18)
Dietary variables
The Block Screening Questionnaire for Fat [17] was used to assess consumption of commonly eaten high-fat and high-sugar foods. The scale is comprised of 15 items and has been shown to be a valid measure for identifying individuals with high percentages of fat intake [18]. The frequency of consumption of the 15 foods was assessed with the question, "Think about your eating habits over the past year or so. About how often do you eat each of the following foods?" Five response categories were recoded into frequency per month as follows: "less than once per month" = 1; "2–3 times per month" = 2.5; "1–2 times per week" = 6; "3–4 times per week" = 14; "5 times per week" = 20. A composite index of all fat servings, coded as servings per month, was calculated along with individual food item monthly serving frequencies. The scale was administered at baseline and at 24-month follow-up.
The Block Screening Questionnaire for Fruit/Vegetable/Fiber Intake includes 9 items assessing frequency of consumption of commonly eaten high-fiber foods [17]. The measure has acceptable validity for identifying individuals with high percentages of intake of the foods assessed [18]. Participants were asked, "How often do you eat each of the following foods?" Five response categories were recoded to frequency per month as follows: "less than once per week" = 2; "about 1 time per week" = 4; "2–3 times per week" = 10; "4–5 times per week" = 18; "every day" = 30. A composite index of all fruit/vegetable/fiber servings, coded as servings per month, was calculated along with individual food item monthly serving frequencies. This scale was administered at baseline and at 24-month follow-up.
Weight-related behaviors
Participants were asked with single-item questions if they had ever dieted, if they had participated in commercial weight-loss programs during the previous two years, and if they owned any weight-loss books, books about nutrition, low-fat cookbooks, or subscribed to exercise magazines. These data were collected at baseline only.
Personal characteristics
Participant's age and highest level of educational attainment were measured by self-report at baseline.
Data analysis
Associations of changes in individual food intake and physical activity with BMI change to 24 months.
24-Month BMI Change
Change in Food Intake
< .01
< .01
< .01
< .01
Fried chicken
Hot dogs
Cold cuts
Salad dressings, mayonnaise
< .01
Margarine or butter
< .01
< .01
Bacon or sausage
< .01
Whole milk
French fries
< .01
< .01
Potato chips, corn chips, popcorn
< .01
Ice cream
< .01
Doughnuts, pastries, cake, cookies
< .01
Total fat
< .01
< .01
Orange juice
Fruit, not counting juice
< .01
< .01
Green salad
< .01
< .01
Other vegetables
< .01
< .01
High-fiber or bran cereal
< .01
< .01
Dark bread
White bread
Total fruit/vegetable/fiber
< .01
< .01
Sample characteristics
Demographic characteristics of the sample are described in Table 1. The study population had a mean age of 51 years. Over two-thirds were clinically obese, mean BMI = 34 kg/m2. Most participants had reported some college education. Most also reported a history of dieting. Almost one-third had enrolled in a formal weight-loss program in the previous two years. By 24 months, study participants had lost an average of 0.50 BMI units. Reported consumption of specific foods (e.g., hamburgers, beef, fried chicken, French fries) and total fat intake had decreased significantly over the two year study period, and consumption of some high-fiber foods (e.g., fruit, high fiber cereal) and total fiber intake had increased significantly over the two years.
Baseline associations between weight control behaviors and BMI
Cross-sectional associations between baseline frequency of consumption of the 24 individual food items or overall fat and fiber and baseline BMI [see Additional file 1] indicate that for men, higher BMI was significantly associated with greater consumption of hamburgers, beef, fried chicken, and white bread, with effects primarily due to higher consumption in men with BMI ≥ 35. For women, higher BMI was significantly associated with greater consumption of hamburgers, beef, fried chicken, hot dogs, eggs, bacon or sausage, and French fries, as well as with overall greater fat intake. Lower BMI was significantly associated with greater consumption of fruit and high-fiber cereal as well as with overall greater fiber intake.
Cross-sectional relationships between BMI and weight-related behaviors are reported in Table 2. Both men and women who reported having ever dieted to lose weight, enrolling in a commercial weight-loss program, or who owned weight-loss books had mean BMIs approximately two units higher than those not reporting those behaviors. Women who owned nutrition books and diet cookbooks had a significantly higher mean BMI than women who did not own those materials. Women who subscribed to exercise magazines had a significantly lower BMI than those who did not.
Associations of weight control behaviors with 24-month BMI change
Next, relationships between baseline food intake or other weight control behaviors and 24-month BMI change were examined using general linear models that controlled for age, education, and baseline BMI. The only baseline behavior to be significantly associated with BMI change at 24 months was self-reported participation in weight control programs during the previous two years. Those who had reported a history of participation prior to baseline had lost less weight by 24 months (adjusted mean BMI change for men: yes = +0.49 vs. no = -0.62, p < .01; for women: yes = -0.05 vs. no = -0.74, p < .01).
For the individual food items, several associations between individual food intake at baseline and BMI change at 24 months were observed. Baseline levels of hot dog and French fry consumption were associated with BMI change for men and women, though in opposite directions. For men, greater baseline intake of hot dogs and French fries was associated with better BMI outcomes at 24 months (hot dogs: B = -0.19, p < .01; French fries: B = -0.13, p < .05), whereas for women, greater consumption of these foods was associated with poorer BMI outcomes (hot dogs: B = 0.18, p < .05; French fries: B = 0.09, p < .05). The following foods were associated with better BMI outcomes at 24 months as well: cold cuts and pastry for men (cold cuts: B = -0.05, p < .05; pastry: B = -0.06, p < .01), and ice cream for women (B = -0.04, p < .05). In addition, greater overall fat intake at baseline was associated with better BMI outcomes for men only (B = -0.01, p < .05).
Lastly, associations of changes in individual food intake and BMI change between baseline and 24 months are presented in Table 3. Effect sizes were in the medium range for total fat and total fiber indices (d = .51–.69 for men, .29–.41 for women), and in the small to medium range for individual foods (d = .00–.56 for men, .00–.42 for women). Statistically significant results indicate that changes in fat intake were positively associated with BMI change, and changes in fruit, vegetable, or fiber intake were inversely associated with BMI change. For men, increased hamburger, beef, hot dog, salad dressing, margarine, cheese, French fry, chip, ice cream, pastry and total fat intake over the course of the study were associated with increases in BMI, and increased fruit, green salad, vegetable, high-fiber cereal, dark bread and total fiber intake were associated with decreases in BMI. For women, increased hamburger, beef, hot dog, salad dressing, margarine, bacon, cheese, French fry, ice cream, pastry, and total fat intake over the course of the study were associated with increases in BMI, and increased fruit, green salad, vegetable, high-fiber cereal, and total fiber intake were associated with decreases in BMI. The results for all analyses of 24-month BMI change with baseline food intake or changes in food intake were unaffected by inclusion of treatment group assignment in the models.
A major purpose of the present paper was to determine whether behaviors that are associated with BMI in general population samples are similarly associated with BMI in overweight and obese persons seeking treatment. The answer to this question appears to be yes. In this sample, over two-thirds of participants were clinically obese; about one-third were severely obese. The results of the present investigation show that observations from general population samples that frequency of consumption of specific high-fat foods (particularly meat products) are positively associated with body weight [8, 13, 20–22] and, to a lesser extent, that intake of fruits and vegetables are inversely associated with body weight [10, 23], are generalizable to much higher body weights as well. Likewise, positive changes in dietary intake over the course of the study (i.e., decreases in intake of high-fat foods; increases in intake of fruits, vegetables, or high-fiber foods) were associated with favorable changes in BMI. In other words, obese and very obese treatment may have more difficulty balancing their eating and activity behaviors, but the relationships between specific behaviors and body weight are on the same continuum as the rest of the population.
Results in this population relating to dieting history and behaviors are also strongly similar to those seen in weight-maintaining populations or those with lower BMI [24–26]. Individuals with higher BMI diet more and participate in formal diet programs more often than those with lower BMI. It is likely that those who have engaged in subsequent attempts to reduce BMI do so because they have not been successful in earlier attempts; it is possible either that they have not engaged in weight loss behaviors at the level or duration required to sustain weight loss [27], or that the pattern of repeated weight losses and gains promotes larger weight gains over time [28]. New findings from this research extend the observations about greater global dieting concerns to possession of diet-related books. Those with higher BMI own more books about weight loss, nutrition, and diet cooking. Of some interest is the observation that those who owned subscriptions to magazines about exercise had lower BMI than those who did not, although the percentage of individuals with exercise magazines was small (< 10%).
Interestingly, higher baseline consumption of several high-fat foods (e.g., hot dogs, pastries, French fries, ice cream), as well as total fat for men, was associated with lower 24-month BMI. This pattern was most notable for men, who, relative to women, tend to consume a higher-fat diet in general and who may not value healthy eating habits as strongly [29]. In every case, however, reductions in consumption of these specific foods over time, and overall reductions in fat intake, were associated with better BMI outcomes for both men and women. It is likely that these high-fat foods are readily identified targets for intake modification among high consumers who engage in a weight loss program, thus leading to an association of baseline consumption with BMI reduction over time. Whereas effect size indicators suggest that changes in composite indices of fat or fiber intake were stronger predictors of BMI change that individual foods, changes in intake of some individual foods predicted BMI change as well as composite measures (e.g., French fries or fruit for men; margarine, vegetables, or cereal for women). It is likely that these foods, which may be identified easily as sources of fat or dietary fiber, also became obvious targets for reduced or increased consumption within the context of a dietary change plan, as advocated in the weight loss program in which study participants were enrolled.
It should be noted that in the Weigh-to-Be trial, participation in weight loss activities was high even in the usual care group, such that the three groups (usual care, mail intervention, and phone intervention) did not differ in terms of weight change at the 2-year follow-up [15]. Thus, regardless of treatment group assignment in this trial, those individuals who consumed more of these foods at baseline may have had more options for overall fat reduction at their disposal during the weight loss intervention, thus assisting their weight loss efforts.
This study was not without limitations. Dietary intake was assessed by screening instruments selected for the main study that may be limited in their ability to capture complete, well-differentiated dietary information. Attrition from the study over the two years was relatively high; however, the factors on which study completers differed from dropouts (i.e., age, education, BMI) were included in the statistical models, and adjustment for attrition by imputation of missing values using the last observation carried forward [30] did not change the findings presented here. Lastly, BMI is not a direct measure of adiposity; as such, BMI may misclassify overweight or obese status depending on age, gender, ethnicity, athleticism, or redistribution of proportions of fat mass versus lean mass by resistance training [31, 32].
Earlier work in this domain has suggested that reported changes in specific food consumption account for greater proportions of variance in weight change than reported changes in macronutrient consumption [7]. Whereas changes in intake of total fat and fiber-rich foods were predictive of weight change over time, individual foods were significantly predictive as well. Taken with the current findings, these data are consistent with the argument that a public health intervention focus on reducing consumption of specific foods (e.g., hamburgers, French fries, or processed meats) and increasing consumption of other specific foods such as fruits, vegetables, or other high-fiber foods (e.g., bran cereals) might be useful, rather than presenting broad recommendations about foods with different macronutrient composition that the general public may have difficulty translating into food-specific behavioral choices.
This research was supported by grant 1R01DK53826 from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.
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We use leading edge technology and techniques for minimally invasive surgery, customized to meet your needs. Our philosophy of continuous quality improvement and patient-centered care is integrated throughout your entire experience. We use a multi-disciplinary approach to coordinate care and improve patient outcomes. Our team of experts work together to determine the best treatment plan for each patient. This team approach results in faster recovery so that patients' can get back to their lives more quickly.
We have designed our Hospital to Home Program to help ensure that you have a successful recovery and a smooth transition home. Through this unique program, East Orange General Hospital's orthopedic team helps you return directly to the comfort of your own home just days after surgery.
If your surgeon determines you are eligible to go home after your hospital stay, the orthopedic team will arrange for the following:
- Your Physical Therapist will come to your home prior to surgery to review post-operative exercises, perform a home safety evaluation and assess the need for any necessary home equipment.
- Your therapist will come to your home on your discharge day to review your plan of care with you and help you settle in.
- The same therapist will visit your home; the same frequency of your home therapy visits will be tailored to your needs.
- A nurse will visit your home periodically to check your vital signs and surgical site and answer any questions you may have about medication and recuperation.
- Our orthopedic surgeons coordinate your care with other medical professionals. This interdisciplinary approach enables the most effective and individualized treatment of your orthopedic condition.

subset: commoncrawl


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Did you know that the King William area is a combination of different subdivision plats? A plat is a map, surveyed, drawn to scale, showing a division of land into blocks, lots, streets and sometimes alleys. The plat is then "recorded" with the County so the land may be sold or developed. One plat in the King William area is labeled "The Spring Addition" and recorded in the Bexar County Plat Book 105 Page 73, dated September 22, 1905.
The interesting thing about the Spring Plat is that information such as the property owner is written on some of the lots. The first owner may or may not have commissioned a house to be built on their lot. Having a plat year, plus an owner's name, is a great place to start researching your house.
Spring Addition Plat shows the name "Herwick." Going to www.bexar.org county clerk court records using the name Herwick with the year 1905, one is able to find Deed Record Book 229 page 174 which states that R.E. Herwick purchased lot 7 for $350 from Kate L. Spring and her husband John Spring. The deed records use the legal address for the property so make sure to have that information handy so you know you are researching the right property.
Do you know your property's legal address? Go to www.bcad.org and type in your name and address. Take for example the Herwick lot: today's street address is 423 Cedar Street, the legal address is NCB (New City Block) 2968, Block 3, Lot 7.
Research is like putting a puzzle together. Plats provide information on the development of the area one is researching.
- Cherise Bell


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New in the closet. This silver crossed bracelet from Come Get Fashion. Thank you!
Tagged asArm Candy Come Get Fashion Gifts Jewelry New buys
About the Author
Cindy Van Dyck
Thank you for leaving a comment. I will answer your questions as soon as possible!
- Cindy Van Dyck
- I'm Cindy, a 22year old girl from Antwerp, Belgium. Since 2009 I'm obsessed by fashion. On my blog you can see all my outfits, purchases, etc. Enjoy it!


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Police fear possible abduction of mother, infant daughter
Keir Johnson, 34, and her baby, Chloe Johnson, went missing on April 30, but investigators now believe they may have been abducted, police said. And while detectives have theorized that Chloe and Keir Johnson may have possibly been abducted by someone, they aren't sure whether the suspect is male or female. Read More


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Science in the classroom
Commenting on a letter by 26 leading scientists and educators, including an Anglican clergyman, urging the government to ensure that evolutionary thought has a prominent place in school science teaching, Simon Barrow, co-director of the religion and society thinktank Ekklesia, said:
"Scientists and educators are rightly urging the Government, in the midst of some uncertainty about the impact of proposed changes to the running and sponsoring of schools, to ensure high quality teaching in this vital area. That includes resisting the blandishments and ploys of a persistent minority who may try to use Academies and so-called Free Schools to edge out factual teaching on evolutionary biology and edge in non-scientific creationist ideas - ones which are rejected by all the mainstream churches, and which are issues concerning the history of religion and belief, rather than scientific method and content."
Also from Ekklesia:
John Hedley Brooke's expert view of 'Darwin and Religion' - http://www.ekklesia.co.uk/node/8619
Simon Barrow on 'Theology, science and the problem of Intelligent Design' - http://www.ekklesia.co.uk/node/6707
Select the newsletter(s) to which you want to subscribe or unsubscribe.


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Welcome to the Happy Horse Farm
Happy Horse Farm is an equestrian establishment just outside Krugersdorp
on the periphery of Johannesburg. Situated in the new World Heritage
Area (Cradle of Mankind) near Sterkfontein Caves the area is well suited to horse riding.
See directions at the bottom of the Contact
READ this article: The Arab Horse in South Africa. Very interesting and useful information


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Seagate Reaches 1 Terabit Per Square Inch Milestone In Hard Drive Storage
CUPERTINO, Calif. – March 19, 2012 – Seagate (NASDAQ:STX) has become the first hard drive maker to achieve the milestone storage density of 1 terabit (1 trillion bits) per square inch, producing a demonstration of the technology that promises to double the storage capacity of today's hard drives upon its introduction later this decade and give rise to 3.5-inch hard drives with an extraordinary capacity of up to 60 terabytes over the 10 years that follow. The bits within a square inch of disk space, at the new milestone, far outnumber stars in the Milky Way, which astronomers put between 200 billion and 400 billion.
Seagate reached the landmark data density with heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR), the next- generation recording technology. The current hard drive technology, Perpendicular Magnetic Recording (PMR), is used to record the spectrum of digitized data – from music, photos, and video stored on home desktop and laptop PCs to business information housed in sprawling data centers – on the spinning platters inside every hard drive. PMR technology was introduced in 2006 to replace longitudinal recording, a method in place since the advent of hard drives for computer storage in 1956, and is expected to reach its capacity limit near 1 terabit per square inch in the next few years.
"The growth of social media, search engines, cloud computing, rich media and other data-hungry applications continues to stoke demand for ever greater storage capacity," said Mark Re, senior vice president of Heads and Media Research and Development at Seagate. "Hard disk drive innovations like HAMR will be a key enabler of the development of even more data-intense applications in the future, extending the ways businesses and consumers worldwide use, manage and store digital content."
Hard drive manufacturers increase areal density and capacity by shrinking a platter's data bits to pack more within each square inch of disk space. They also tighten the data tracks, the concentric circles on the disk's surface that anchor the bits. The key to areal density gains is to do both without disruptions to the bits' magnetization, a phenomenon that can garble data. Using HAMR technology, Seagate has achieved a linear bit density of about 2 million bits per inch, once thought impossible, resulting in a data density of just over 1 trillion bits, or 1 terabit, per square inch – 55 percent higher than today's areal density ceiling of 620 gigabits per square inch.
The maximum capacity of today's 3.5-inch hard drives is 3 terabytes (TB), at about 620 gigabits per square inch, while 2.5-inch drives top out at 750 gigabytes (GB), or roughly 500 gigabits per square inch. The first generation of HAMR drives, at just over 1 terabit per square inch, will likely more than double these capacities – to 6TB for 3.5-inch drives and 2TB for 2.5-inch models. The technology offers a scale of capacity growth never before possible, with a theoretical areal density limit ranging from 5 to 10 terabits per square inch – 30TB to 60TB for 3.5-inch drives and 10TB to 20TB for 2.5-inch drives.
The 1 terabit per square inch demonstration extends a long line of storied technology firsts for Seagate, including:
- 1980: ST-506, the first hard drive, at 5.25 inches, small enough to be widely deployed in early microcomputers, the precursor of the modern PC. The 5 megabyte drive cost $1,500.
- 1992: The first 7200RPM hard drive, a Barracuda ® drive
- 1996: The first 10,000RPM hard drive, a Cheetah ® drive
- 2000: The first 15,000RPM drive, also a Cheetah hard drive
- 2006: Momentus ® 5400.3 drive, a 2.5-inch laptop drive and the world's first drive to feature perpendicular magnetic recording technology
- 2007: Momentus FDE (Full Disk Encryption) drive, the industry's first self-encrypting hard drive
- 2010: Momentus XT drive, the first solid state hybrid hard drive, combining traditional spinning media with NAND flash, to deliver speeds rivaling solid state drives (SSDs)
Seagate achieved the 1 terabit per square inch breakthroughs in materials science and near-field optics at its heads and media research and development centers in Bloomington, Minnesota, and Fremont, California.
I found this article from August in 2002, here we are almost 10 years later with the technology.
Seagate Swings "HAMR" To Increase Disc Drive Densities By A Factor Of 100
PITTSBURGH – August 21, 2002 – Seagate has decided to use a HAMR to cram more and more bits of information per square inch into hard disc drives, pushing the limits of magnetic recording even further beyond what was ever thought possible. The Company today demonstrated its revolutionary Heat Assisted Magnetic Recording (HAMR) technology, which records data magnetically on high-stability media using laser thermal assistance.
This demonstration took place during the grand opening celebration of Seagate's new 200,000 square foot, state of the art research center located in Pittsburgh, PA.
HAMR, combined with self-ordered magnetic arrays of iron-platinum particles, is expected to break through the so-called superparamagnetic limit of magnetic recording by more than a factor of 100 to ultimately deliver storage densities as great as 50 terabits per square inch. This will provide the capability for people to store the entire printed contents of the Library of Congress on a single disc drive in their notebook computers.
Seagate's HAMR technology is also designed to achieve its high areal densities at a cost structure on pace with the hard disc drives of today, making HAMR a key enabling technology that will allow the adoption of mass storage to continue to enter various emerging markets.
"With this demonstration of HAMR, Seagate has offered us a glimpse of future magnetic recording technology. Technologies such as HAMR will continue to keep disc drives as the preferred mass storage device for mainstream computing for many years to come," said Dave Reinsel, research manager at IDC. "Competitive offerings to traditional magnetic recording must not only be able to achieve the fast performance, high capacities, and reliability found in today's disc drives, but also must be priced competitively. Seagate's HAMR technology has the potential to maintain a competitive balance of these attributes thus paving the way for the integration of this new technology."
Seagate Research has worked on HAMR technology as well as various other storage technologies since it was established in a temporary research facility in 1998. Last year, the U.S. Department of Commerce's Advanced Technology Program recognized the impact that HAMR will hold for storage and awarded Seagate and its research partners a grant worth over $10 million over five years. Seagate's forward-thinking strategy with R & D has enabled the company to consistently achieve its leadership position in all markets Seagate serves.
"Seagate's leadership position can be attributed to an ongoing commitment to investment in research and technology development which provides us with time-to-market products for our customers," said Steve Luczo, Seagate chief executive officer. "By providing leadership products that give our customers a significant competitive advantage, we have strengthened our strategic relationships with the world's leading technology providers."
The Need for HAMR: How it Works
HAMR technology will significantly extend the capacity of modern magnetic disc drives that use magnetic heads to read and write digital data onto spinning discs. If the storage density (the number of data bits stored on a given disc surface) continues its phenomenal growth rate, within the next five-to-ten years the data bits will become so small that they may become magnetically unstable due to a phenomenon known as superparamagnetism. The solution is to use a more stable medium, however today's magnetic heads are unable to write data on such media. HAMR solves this problem by heating the medium with a laser-generated beam at the precise spot where data bits are being recorded. When heated, the medium becomes easier to write, and the rapid subsequent cooling stabilizes the written data. The result of this heat-assisted recording is a dramatic increase in the recorded density that can be achieved.
A Series of Firsts: Seagate's Tradition of HDD Technology Leadership
Over the years, Seagate has achieved numerous technology breakthroughs, holding key patents for many of the most significant technologies used in storage today.
From the introduction of the world's first 7200 RPM, 10K RPM, and 15K RPM disc drives, to setting several areal density records in storage, the most recent moving past 100 Gb per square inch, Seagate is widely recognized for its technology leadership. Its industry "firsts" also include the successful use of Fluid Dynamic Bearings in hard disc drives over five years before any competitor could attempt to implement the technology. The use of Rotation Vibration (RV) sensors was also developed and introduced into products first by Seagate, enabling enterprise disc drives used in mission-critical environments to perform optimally even in the most challenging conditions.
For more information about Seagate, visit www.seagate.com.
Seagate is the worldwide leader in the design, manufacturing and marketing of hard disc drives for Enterprise, PC and Consumer Electronics applications. The Company is committed to delivering award-winning products, customer support and reliability, to meet the world's growing demand for information storage. Seagate can be found around the globe and at www.seagate.com.
Seagate, Seagate Technology and the Seagate logo are registered trademarks of Seagate Technology LLC. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Seagate reserves the right to change, without notice, product offerings or specifications.
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Anina Walas
Recently graduating from Seattle University, Anina Walas was an intern at Lucasfilm with the Star Wars online department. Now she writes interviews and the occasional article for StarWars.com. She loves pretty much everything Disney, great weather, traveling, making and eating really good food, and of course, Star Wars. Although Admiral Akbar is her favorite character, Yoda (specifically the original trilogy and The Clone Wars versions) is a very close second.
First Star Wars MemoryGoing to a preview screening of Episode II in 3rd grade and using it as my show-and-tell for that week.
Favorite FilmReturn of the Jedi
Favorite CharacterAdmiral Ackbar
Favorite SceneLuke meeting Yoda for the first time


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A torte is a multi-layer cake that is filled with whipped cream, buttercream, mousse, pastry cream, jam or fruit. This cake incorporates pastry cream and berries; raspberries, strawberries, blueberries or blackberries. Although a torte is usually baked in a springform pan, two 8-inch cakes pans created the unusual layers with this light, airy meringue/almond topping.
Berry Blitz Torte (courtesy of King Arthur Flour)
Pastry Cream*
2 1/2 cups whole milk
1/2 cup sugar
1/4 tsp. salt
1/3 cup cornstarch
3 large egg yolks
1 large egg
2 tsp. vanilla
1/2 cup heavy whipping cream, whipped
1 1/2 to 2 cups fresh berries (raspberries, sliced strawberries, blueberries or blackberries
In a medium saucepan, stir together 2 cups of the milk, the sugar and the salt. Bring to a simmer over medium heat, stirring to dissolve the sugar. Whisk the cornstarch, egg yolks and whole egg with the remaining 1/2 cup of milk. Whisk some of the hot milk mixture into the egg yolks/cornstarch mixture to temper the egg yolks. This keeps them from becoming "scrambled" eggs. Pour the egg/cornstarch mixture back into the saucepan. Bring to a boil over medium heat, stirring constantly with a whisk. Cook for 2 minutes, stirring constantly; the mixture will thicken significantly. Remove from the heat and add the vanilla extract. Transfer the filling to a heatproof glass bowl and top with a piece of buttered plastic wrap--making sure it touches the top of the filling.
*For a quick pastry cream:
1 small box Instant Vanilla pudding
2 tsp. vanilla extract
1 3/4 cup heavy or light cream
Whisk all the ingredients together in a medium bowl. Place plastic wrap on top and refrigerate until ready to use. Add the 1/2 cup of whipped heavy cream to the quick version also.
1/2 cup (1 stick) unsalted butter at room temperature
1/2 cup granulated sugar
1/4 tsp. salt
4 large egg yolks (you'll use the egg whites for the topping!)
1 tsp. vanilla extract
3 T milk
1 tsp. baking powder
1 cup King Arthur all-purpose flour (plain flour)
Preheat oven to 350F-degrees. Spray two 8-inch cake pans with baking spray, line the bottoms with parchment paper, and spray again. Set aside.
In a stand mixer, cream the butter completely. While the mixer is running on low, add the sugar gradually. Scrape down the sides of the bowl with a rubber spatula and cream until fluffy. Add the salt.
Add the egg yolks, one at a time, incorporating them completely into the batter. Add the vanilla extract. Whisk the flour and baking powder together and add half, all of the milk, and then the remaining flour mixture to the batter. Beat just until combine. Divide this batter between the two round pans and smooth the top.
4 large egg whites
3/4 cup Baker's Special Sugar or granulated sugar
1/2 cup sliced almonds
1 T granulated sugar + 1tsp. cinnamon
Using an electric mixer or stand mixer with a whisk attachment, beat the egg whites until foamy. Gradually add the 3/4 cup of sugar and continue to beat until the meringue is smooth, glossy, and somewhat stiff (but not stiff enough to form rigid stand-up points).
On a sad note...my heart goes out to the people in Manchester, mostly young adults who were enjoying a concert when their lives were taken by terrorists. I leave for London on Saturday and it is frightening that this is the world we live in now.
May God comfort the families and hold the victims in his loving arms.


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Imagine that you have a music group and that you are going to play in a local in your city. You prepare the songs. You rehearse hours and hours. You work every day to improve and get a concert to be remembered.
And suddenly, you arrive at the premises and there is nobody. It's just you and your group. What would you feel? First of all, a huge feeling of loneliness. And then sadness, much sadness. "Am I really not able to attract anyone with my music?"
Replace the music group with your blog. And now it replaces the attendees to the concert by the comments. Is not it so different, right? A blog without website comments is as "sad" as a music group without a hearing.
When a blogger starts it is almost alone (in a music group at least you have the rest). Unless you've done a blog posting campaign, you usually start with fewer visits and zero website comments.
You write and write articles, but despite having visitors no one comments. You even get pissed and think the same as that singer of the music group: "I really can not get anyone to comment my articles?".
And do not think that this is an issue only for bloggers that start. I know bloggers who have been involved in this for quite some time and are still "annoying" because they receive few comments.
Can this problem be solved? Is it possible to double, triple, or quadruple the number of comments on a blog? Yes. And that's precisely what I'm going to tell you about today.
Let's see 12 little tricks to get lots of comments on new articles and on those you've already written. All these tricks are applicable to any sector and you can start using them in 5 minutes (which is what you will take to read this post).
Are you ready to book an hour a day to respond to comments on your blog? Because that's what you're going to have to do if you apply these tips.
- 1 Keys to getting website comments on a blog
- 1.1 # 1 Links to other bloggers
- 1.2 # 2 Ask for it
- 1.3 # 3 Talk to your audience
- 1.4 # 4 Open to Your Audience
- 1.5 # 5 Reward commentators
- 1.6 # 6 Forget publishing so often
- 1.7 # 7 Attack the Public Enemy
- 1.8 # 8 Discuss other blogs
- 1.9 # 9 Do (many) interviews
- 1.10 # 10 Reply the website comments
- 1.11 # 11 Do not Tell It All
- 1.12 # 12 Ask or Create a Discussion
- 2 Is it always good to receive website comments?
- 3 And you, how are you going to increase the number of website comments on your blog?
Keys to getting website comments on a blog
# 1 Links to other bloggers
This is the simplest and oldest trick of all. When you link to the content of another blogger, especially if you are not a hyper-known with the schedule too tight, it is normal to pass to thank you in the form of a comment.
Keep in mind that almost everyone uses WordPress and that, every time you link to another person's content, it receives a pingback warning you of that link. Even so, it is advisable to send an email or tweet to the blogger mentioned to let you know that you have linked to their content.
This method will not only allow you to start receiving comments, but also increase your reach and diffusion. I assure you that if the post you wrote is good, that person you mentioned will share it later on Twitter, Facebook, LinkedIn, Google+, etc.
# 2 Ask for it
There are times when we complain for pleasure. When someone says, "No one comments my articles!" I ask the following question: "Have you asked to be told?"
If you want someone to do something, ask. There is no easier way to get it. For this reason at the end of your posts there should always be a call to action aimed at asking for comments.
It's not worth asking for the comment and that's it. You have to ask intelligent questions and put the reader in a position where you feel like commenting.
For example, if you write an article like this (x ways to do something, x tricks to do such, …), a very easy way to get comments would be asking a question like this:
"Which of these ways of getting feedback do you think is the best? Do you know any other way to get them? If you think I've left any outside, just comment and add it to the article. "
# 3 Talk to your audience
If your posts are boring and seem to be taken out of a high school book, it will be difficult for you to get feedback. A blog, although many think it is, is not a blog where you loose what you think because you feel like it.
It is a space for conversation. A place where you and your reader interact through your content. If you do not talk to your reader, how do you expect me to answer you with a comment?
There are some tricks to get this type of conversational language:
- Write as if you were talking to one person.
- Forget the passive voice.
- Kill all long paragraphs.
- Cut the sentences.
- Use "you" often.
- Ask lots of questions.
This type of language encourages conversation. And how is it spoken in a blog? Through the comments.
# 4 Open to Your Audience
It is curious that in most blogs the most commented posts are not really the best. That is, if for example you write about blogging, chances are that your most commented posts are not those of that theme.
The most commented articles will be the ones that talk about you. Of your failures. Of your victories. Of your life. Why do you think the pink press magazines and heart programs sell so much? We like to know details and curiosities of the rest.
If you want website comments, you'll have to open up to your audience. You can not empathize with someone you do not know. However, if you let yourself know through your posts and touch a little more the personal topic, yes you will empathize.
Just go to the most influential blogs you know and search for personal posts of this type. Reflections that, beyond teaching you to do x or y, show you how the person is behind the keyboard. I assure you they will have dozens (or hundreds) of comments.
# 5 Reward commentators
Another of the simpler and direct methods, but also dangerous. If you offer a prize in your post in exchange for comment you will receive comments yes or yes. And no matter the theme or the number of followers. There is always someone wanting to win something.
It is important that the prize is according to your theme and the subject matter of the post in question. You can give or give away anything, from a link in one of your next posts, a consultancy, a copy of a book you are reading, a shirt, etc, etc. What you want.
Do not abuse this technique. It is effective when used sporadically, otherwise you will get your blog looks like a sweepstakes blog. And that's not the goal.
# 6 Forget publishing so often
How? That to get more comments you have to publish less? Yes it is.
An article receives comments continuously for two reasons:
- It's on the cover and it's the last post you've written.
- It is well positioned and receives a constant drip of new visitors.
If you are an SEO, go ahead with the second option. But if it is not, you will not have to keep the first.
Well, what if we write posts too often? That the post that is on the "cover" (it's just okay with the first one on the list) changes too quickly. It does not give time enough people to read it.
At the other extreme we have the example of the blog of Brian Dean (Backlinko), a well-known American SEO. It publishes very, very, very little, but its content is so spectacular and it is so distanced in time that allows to make hundreds of comments.
Let your content rest and do not "set" your own articles if you want more comments.
# 7 Attack the Public Enemy
If you know your target audience or reader person, you are sure to know what they hate. For example, in the world of blogging and teleworking most hate the time management and the image that the rest of us have.
These are two public enemies that affect (almost) all. If you talk about one of them and create an article in conditions, the comments will come sooner or later.
And because? Because we all like to complain or support someone who complains. Just have to see how many negative and positive opinions are on the Internet. To complain yes we sat down and we took 10 minutes, but to put 5 stars to a product we thought it.
Find the common enemy of your sector and talk about it. Talk about how it affects you and your work. Talk about how to destroy it and alleviate it. And others will come to talk about your relationship with him in your comment area.
# 8 Discuss other blogs
Before I commented that bloggers often thank to link their content. They also thank you for leaving website comments. If not, why would I be writing this article?
Go to other blogs and comment on their articles. Become a regular commentator on your favorite blogs and sooner or later the author or his readers will comment on yours.
Do not do this for the sad link do not follow or get a few visits. Make a comment that contributes, highlights and makes anyone who reads say "but who is who? I will see it".
It takes time and effort, but it works if you do it on a regular basis. If you are going to do it sporadically and without continuity, save it.
# 9 Do (many) interviews
If I had to choose irreplaceable content in a newly created blog that would be the interviews. Not only for the fact that you will get visits and comments, but also because you will also begin to do effective networking.
An interview assures you, at least, a comment: that of the interviewee. And if you have asked the right questions and the interview is not another one of the pile, you will also attract comments from that person's followers.
There is no simpler way to expand the reach of your blog, start receiving comments and start to stop being alone in the world of blogging.
# 10 Reply the website comments
It would be very funny if you would like to be told more if you do not even bother answering the website comments yourself. What are they going to tell you about then? It's as if you asked someone to talk to the wall.
As I said before, the blog is a conversation space. Have the comments in the normal system, through Facebook Comments, through Google+ or as you have, you have to answer them. And if you do not want to answer them, do not have comment section!
A blog without website comments can give a negative (or not) image. But a blog with unanswered comments gives an even worse picture.
# 11 Do not Tell It All
How many ways to get comments on a blog are there? As I said, there are dozens. However, here I have only added 12 (and I know some more).
Why? Because I want you to fill in the gaps. Because to encourage your website comments I need you to propose me other alternatives and methods by which comments are obtained in a blog.
If you do not leave "holes" in your articles you will not allow readers to fill them. Forget premeditatedly of a point that everyone knows for them to comment. Make an incomplete list and ask them to finish it.
Whatever you do, never say it all. Of course, remember that the post must be consistent and you should not leave out vital parts of it.
# 12 Ask or Create a Discussion
An article with a question is a good website comment generator. The human being loves to answer questions when he knows the answer, so if you ask him the right question he will be happy to tell you his solution.
And articles that introduce a debate, a question with two (or more) sides or talk about something that is in fashion provoke the same reaction. Everyone wants to give their point of view and look for someone with whom to talk about the subject, as long as they are interested.
We love to give our opinion, to read and to respond. You just have to find the right question or the debate on the topic that really affects the reader.
Just a warning: it's not worth asking "dumb" questions or creating debates on topics that are not very related to the blog. If the question is too basic the readers may think that it is not worth answering. And if the topic of the debate is irrelevant or read your article.
Is it always good to receive website comments?
It is curious that, sometimes, we relate the success of a blog and its author with the number of comments. And it's curious because of every 200 commentators it's likely that (at most) one has bought a product or service from that blogger.
The success of a blog can not be measured by the number of website comments. And sometimes it is even good to remove them, as in this blog. And because? For three reasons:
- Because they can be a waste of time: when a blog grows, your comments grow hand in hand. And useless comments (yes, there are) also grow. Is it really worth losing time by answering people who do not contribute anything to your content or your business?
- Because they only seek your attention: there are many bloggers who use technique number 8 of this post to get attention. To say "hey, I'm here, pay attention!". And what does it serve you for? Let them send you an email if they want to get your attention.
- Because they are just looking for easy help: "Can you tell me how you've done x? And how have you done z?". There are many people who prefer to ask for solutions. If your blog is full of these website comments, close the section.
These three situations usually occur when a blog grows. The normal thing is that at first you do not have these problems, but sooner or later they will arrive. And it will be in that moment when you have to decide if you are worth it or not have this section open or look for an alternative.
In short, a blog can live with the comment section closed. If you have thousands of subscribers or a VIP membership area like The Tribe you do not need it. You are already in touch with your audience daily through both channels of communication.
And you, how are you going to increase the number of website comments on your blog?
These 12 ways are proven and have been used by hundreds of bloggers to fill their blog for more and more comments. They are not all that exist, but they are all that I have used and I know they work.
Now is your turn. Which one will you choose? Will you use them all? Be careful, maybe you get so many comments that you have to end up hiring someone to answer them.


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Pumping your water supply to taps and showers you would naturally think uses more water well it can do but if used the correct way can be a water saver also.
The problem with water saving devices is that most will not work on a low pressure water system efficiently, flow restrictors and limiters that are used in water saving taps have far smaller bore holes in them rendering the pretty useless as the water flow is far too slow.
If you pressurize your water system with a pump like the Salamander ESP 75 Negative head twin pump which is capable of boosting pressure to a whole house water system then the flow will not be increased above what the limit of the flow restrictor is capable of but the pressure would be increased.
This on taps would give an aerated effect and on showers would give a high pressure invigorating shower without wasting water.
Make sure that when you purchase any water saving device that you have the minimum pressure to operate them correctly, this is usually about 1.0bar a standard gravity fed water system without a pump normally generates about 0.1 bar.
To see the full range of high quality shower pumps and whole house pumps click here.
To see a full range of water saving shower heads click here.
To see flow restrictors and aerators click here.


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Detailshttps://www.wilton.com/roll-n-cut-mat/409-412.html Wilton Tools
Roll-N-Cut Mat
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Stately ivory stripes surround the three tiers of this cake design giving it a heightened sense of beauty. Perfect for all celebrations!
Rest your eyes on our poised pillow cakes and dream of the perfect wedding reception. Made in our Pillow Pan Set, each tier is covered with a pretty embossed floral fondant motif using the Floral Fantasy Fondant Imprint Mat.
Make Dad proud with a bold sheet cake dedicated to him. Create the lively fondant swirls that surround the message using the Sugar Sheets! Punch Set with Swirl Cutting Insert.
Decorating with fondant allows you to have beautifully-cut shapes and easy decorating in one package. Cut-Outs easily create perfectly-shaped raised daisies and the Fondant Ribbon Cutter/Embosser simplifies making the perfect pinked-edge ribbon. Watch our online video.
Looking terrific in the ?20s! For this cake pop, dipped in Wilton Candy Melts candy, that means a sporty straw hat and bow tie made of fondant. It?s the perfect way to jazz up celebrations and gifts!
The roaring ?20s are very contemporary! This man about town fits right in, featuring a white fedora made from rolled fondant and a cake pop face that is dipped and decorated in Wilton Candy Melts candy.
His natty fondant hat puts him right in vogue for the roaring ?20s! It?s the perfect topper for tasty cake pops?dipped and decorated with Wilton Candy Melts candy.
A platinum blonde pop with roaring ?20s attitude, perfect for swanky celebrations! Wilton Candy Melts candy makes dipping and decorating these fun cake pops a breeze!
Celebrate the Jazz Age with this hoppin? cake pop! She has that roaring ?20s style with bobbed hair and a fondant flower hat.
The ?20s will come roaring back with this flapper girl cake pop! Use Wilton Candy Melts candy and Red Ready-To-Use Rolled fondant to create this dancing diva.
Shaped Number 1 Cake is an obvious choice for baby?s first birthday.


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Temperature for March 1981
In March 1981 the average high temperature in Lynchburg, VA was 57.6°F, and this was 2.5°F cooler than the average of 60.1°F. The hottest day in March 1981 was 31 March when the temperature reached 80.1°F. Overnight the average temperature in March is 36.4°F and in 1981 the average overnight temperature was 4.5°F cooler at 31.9°F.


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Commander 112
Rockwell's General Aviation Division began development of the original Commander 111 and 112 during the late 1960s, and announced its new range in late 1970. Both models featured conventional construction and a low wing configuration but the 111 had fixed undercarriage and the 112 had retractable gear. The prototype 112 first flew on December 4 1970, and was powered by a 135kW (180hp) Lycoming O360, while a prototype 111 flew for the first time late in 1971. The loss of the 112 prototype during flight testing due to the structural failure of the tail unit delayed certification and production of both models until a fix was found. Deliveries of production aircraft took place from late 1972.
Production 111s were powered by 135kW (180hp) O360s, production 112s were powered by more powerful 150kW (200hp) IO360s. Only a few 111s were built before Rockwell decided to concentrate on the higher performance retractable gear 112. The updated 112A appeared in 1974 with a higher max takeoff weight, improved cabin ventilation and detail refinements, while the turbocharged 112TC was introduced in 1976.
Also introduced in 1976 was the 114, which is basically a 112 with a more powerful six cylinder IO540. The 114 remained in production basically unchanged until production ceased in 1979, by which stage it had been named the Gran Turismo Commander. Meanwhile the improved 112B had appeared in 1977, featuring an increased max takeoff weight and the extended wingtips introduced on the 112TC. By that stage the 112TC was designated the 112TCA, later it became known as the Alpine Commander.


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Tyrion Lannister: Probably, the most lovable Character in Game of Thrones after Ned Stark was beheaded that is 🙁 (I'm still not over that one). Everyone loves him for his quick wit, intelligence, drunkedness and adultery, not to mention our all time favorites – when he took King Joffrey down a peg or two…
Ps: Game of Thrones Monopoly is out <3 as if Monopoly wasn't good enough! "When you play the game of thrones, you win or you die. There is no middle ground."
Game of Thrones "Game of Thrones" Monopoly Board Game
"Oh, monster? Perhaps you should speak to me more softly then. Monsters are dangerous and, just now, kings are dying like flies."
Aside from all that, his character portrays him as the black sheep of House Lannister, the Imp, the son who killed his mother as she gave birth to him, hated by his father, despised by his sister and undermined by the whole of the Kings Guard. As the show goes on he finally gets his chance to shine, using his mind and his books to bring peace to Kings Landing.
With the honor of a Stark, the courage of a Lion and sex drive of a Dornishman his character is a great inspiration for using your mind as his weapon and your words as ammunition. Enjoy!
11 Tyrion Lannister Game of thrones Picture Quotes
The above scene, just brilliant!
The ultimate revenge for the worst father in the world, kill him while he's on the toilet pot! 😛


text: Membership to Find-Prostitutes.com is completely free and anonymous and you can be meeting up with local swingers and Central Visayas girls in just seconds. Registration is free and we only ask for your email address for the safety of the women posting on our site. Click a city within Central Visayas or scroll to the left-side of this page to find a local prostitute.


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Quick Facts About the Region II and Cagayan
Land Area:Â Cagayan Province, including the Babuyan Island Group, is approximately 900,270 hectares, the second largest in terms of land area in Region II, and constitutes about 3% of the total land area of the Philippines.
Physical/Political Boundaries:Â The Balintang Channel, North of the Babuyan Islands, forms the boundary between the provinces of Cagayan and Batanes. The northern portion of Cagayan mainland opens to the China Sea, and on the east it faces the Philippine Sea. The Sierra Madre Mountains froms its rugged and mountanous eastern coast. Cagayan is bounded on the south by the Province of Isabela. The Cordilleras enclose its southwestern part, bordering on the Province of Kalinga, and its northeastern part bordering on the Province of Apayao.Political Districts/Barangays: 1 city, 28 ...view middle of the document...
Sta. Ana
Land Area:Â approximately 441.3 square kilometers representing 4.90% of the total area of Cagayan.
Physical/Political Boundaries: Bounded on the north and east by Pacific Ocean, on the west by the Babuyan Island and on the south by the municipality of Gonzaga.
Political Districts/Barangay:Â 16 Barangays
Population:Â 18,640 (as of 1995 census) projected at 19,000+ to date
Population Growth Rate:Â annual population growth rate of around 3.7%
Population Density:Â 0.53 as of 1995
Health Facilities:Â 6 governemnt-owned health centers and 3 private clinics
Schools (as of 1993):Â 10 public primary schools, 7 elementary schools, 2 secondary schools and a private tertiary school.
Number of Establishments:
Manufacturing: 71 (as 0f 1993)
Whoselsale and Retail Trade: 5
Community Social and Related Service: 4
Protective Services: 17 PNP Personnel supplemented by a Philippine Army battalion, 41 Philippine Navy and Coast Guard Personnel.
Commerce and Industry (Agricultural and Limited Aquatic/Aquaticulture):
Palay: Total production is 6,000 MT.
Corn: Total production is 1,758 MT Vegetables and legumnes: total production is 438 MT.
Rootcrops: Total production is 110 MT.
Fruits: Total production is 43,761.75 MT.
Fuga Islands (Including Mabbag and Baritt Islands)
Land Area:Â 10,000 hectares
Physical/Political Boundaries:Â Surrounded by the Luzon Strait, South China Sea and the Philippine Sea.
Political Districts: 3 island towns: Fuga, Mabbag and Baritt
Population:Â 1,419 (as of 1995)
Population Growth Rate:Â 0.94%
Population Density:Â 0.14
Health Facilities:Â 1 District Hospital, 4 barangay health stations and 4 private clinics
Schools:Â 3 elementary schools, 2 secondary schools
Commerce and Industry:
Fish Products Industry: Fish processing and âbagoongâ-making pre-occupy a large sector of the labor community.
Market and Trading Centers: Mostly wholesale and retail trading
Source: CEZA CAGAYAN ECONOMIC ZONE AUTHORITY


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If you ever find yourself in need of Centerville Bail Bonds, there is nothing to worry about! Numerous Centerville bail bond agents can bail you (or another person) out anytime of the day or night in Centerville. Our network makes it simple to locate and get in touch with a licensed bail bonds company in Centerville, Iowa. At your request, many bail bonds companies will come pick you up discreetly. Installment payment plans are usually available depending on the situation.
Upon arrest anywhere in Appanoose county, a person is usually processed at the Appanoose county jail. To be released from Appanoose jail, a few steps must occur, including being "booked in" and posting bail. When the bail amount is decided, a bail bonds agent arrives to post the bond at the local jail. At this time the release procedure starts and typically takes anywhere from one to two hours to complete. Although cash bonds are allowed, it is usually not frequently done due to financial limitations.
Centerville Bail Bonds agents can aid you with all your surety needs:
- Surety Bail Bonds in Centerville IA
- Property Bail Bonds in Centerville IA
- Immigration Bail Bonds in Centerville IA
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307 N 23rd St, Unionville, MO
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211 High Avenue East, Oskaloosa, IA
43.87 miles away
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325 North Stringer Street, Humphreys, MO
45.01 miles away
Phone: (660)673-6111


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Roomy apartment with clean, beautiful grounds.
Katherine W.
It is a good place to live as a college student. The price is pretty fair, and the apartment is a great size. I especially like the amount of closest space there is in the master bedroom. However, you can tell the apartment is starting to get old, and is in need of some repairs. We have already had a few drawers busted in the kitchen because they are missing a part, and the main door often sticks which makes it difficult to open at times. The thing I dislike the most about Vienna Parks is the shared laundry facilities. People often put things in the machines that wreck them and make it difficult for anyone else to do their laundry.
Megan R.
it's been a great experience living at vienna park management and service team are amazing
Vienna Park offers one of Northern Virginia's most desirable addresses. Convenient to great shopping at Tysons Corner, major employment centers, and I-66 and the Beltway, enjoy living in this community of spacious apartment homes.
Variable, 3-Month, 6-Month, 9-Month, 12-Month


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12 April - 31 May 2010 Day 11-60 Climbing Period for Mt. Everest
01 June 2010 Day 61: Base Camp - Thyanboche (3800m)
02 June 2010 Day 62: Thyanboche - Phakding (2600m)
03 June 2010 Day 63: Phakding - Lukla (2800m)
04 June 2010 Day 64: Lukla - Kathmandu
05 June 2010 Day 65: Final Departure to the Airport
Everest South Face Permit fee USD 10,000.00 Per person
Per Person USD 9000.00 (Nine Thousand American dollars)
Climbing Per Sherpa US$ 2,600.00 (if required)
Cost includes:
5 Nights accommodation in Kathmandu with bed & breakfast (hotel 3 star)
Kathmandu - Lukla - Kathmandu flight tickets with 60 KG cargo per member
Per member get 2 porter for carry 60 KG from Lukla to Base camp - Lukla
Fly ticket Kathmandu – Lukla – Kathmandu
Trekking from Lukla to Base camp & back to Lukla with Lodge trek lodge or camping
Food for trekking & Expedition period in Everest Base camp
Porter / Yak Lukla to Base Camp & back to Lukla (Porter transportation)
1 tent for 1 person for Expedition north face brand V-25 or Similar tent
Dining tent, toilet tent, table and chares, Mattresses for expedition Sharing with other member
Liaison officer's allowances equipment for Expedition, flight ticket, insurance, daily wages sharing with other group
Expedition Crew's allowances for Expedition, flight ticket, insurance, daily wages
Peak permit for Everest South Face spring 2010 – Sharing permit with other group member
All transfer airport-hotel-airport
Base camp Guide, Cook, Kitchen boy and Kitchen helper sharing with other member
Emergency Oxygen- Mask and regulator (If use, pay it full cost)
Satellite phone(Pay call)
Gamo Bag (life saving device incase of altitude sickness) sharing with group member
Solar panel for light and charges batteries
company service charges
Cost does not includes:
Lunch and dinner in Kathmandu
High altitude climbing food, fuel, Gas
Expedition personal climbing gears
Personal accident insurance
emergency evacuation, Helicopter rescue if required
International airport departure tax
Nepal custom duty for import of expedition goods arriving into Nepal
Bar bills & beverage
Sherpa non summit bonus USD 1000.00
Sherpa summit bonus USD 1000.00 + 500 climbing bonus
Air cargo custom clearance duty fee USD 100.00 per person
Personal Satellite phone with e-mail & internet permit
Waki takies permit
Extra expenses for personal
Filming permit
Oxygen and Mask regulator for member and Sherpa
Ice fall fees
Garbage Deposit USD 4000.00 (Sharing with other member)
Everest Expedition Royalty
1 Person: US$ 25,000.00
2 Person: US$ 40,000.00
3 Person: US$ 48,000.00
4 Person: US$ 56,000.00
5 Person: US$ 60,000.00
6 Person: US$ 66,000.00
7 Person: US$ 70,000.00
Additional member (upto 12 person), Per person US$ 10,000.
|Map Legend
|Everest Expedition
Thamel Kathmandu Nepal, KTM, Nepal


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About Matt
Quick Bio
Matt works on the Cloud Native Computing Team at Samsung SDS where he focuses on cloud native applications. He is an author, speaker, and regular contributor to open source. Matt has been developing software for over 25 years. He is a maintainer of Helm and co-chair of Kubernetes SIG Apps and SIG Architecture.
More Detail
Matt is a software engineer with a current focus on cloud native computing and applications. In addition to working on the Cloud Native Computing Team at Samsung SDS, he is co-chair of Kubernetes SIG Apps and SIG Architecture.
As an open source developer Matt has contributed to and has sometimes been in a leadership role for Kubernetes, OpenStack, Drupal, Glide, PHP HTML5 Parser, and several other projects.
To share the lessons learned solving problems and building products, Matt writes (such as the book Go in Practice), blogs, speaks at conferences, and has even co-organized several conferences.
Fostering technology growth, Matt sits on the board to Enjoy Creativity, a non-profit that focuses on technology for churches and ministries, and mentored startups through Techstars Mobility.
Prior to his current work, Matt worked at Hewlett Packard Enterprise (formerly Hewlett-Packard) focusing on advanced technologies and cloud computing, worked at Palantir.net focusing on website and web application development, and founded podcasts such as the Geeks & God Podcast and Super Average Podcast.
Matt has degree in Electrical Engineering from Michigan State University and spent several years working for General Dynamics Land Systems as an engineer working on testability, prognostics, diagnostics, and other elements of vehicles.
Matt is happily married to a brilliant woman (she chose him after all) and has amazing kids (most of the time).


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Click small images to see different pictures
Hand knotted wool rug of the highest quality, a unique one off
design made by Afghan Weavers.
215 x 140 (7'2" x 4'7") approx.
Normal retail value of this piece is around
Special Clearance Offer
To order, click the ADD button, then please continue
browsing or go to the checkout.


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This is a continuation of My Story from the previous post http://blog.craftycutie.com/my-story/my-story-part-4/ and if you didn't start at the beginning of My Story, you really should start here http://blog.craftycutie.com/my-story/the-beginning-of-my-story/ and scroll up 😉
By this point in the story, I was in Ecuador and had just left the airport in the back of an old truck bed. I was holding onto my suitcase with one hand and balancing my weight with the other. A giant dust cloud followed us.
As we traveled down this rocky, dirt road, I began to wonder when we would reach a paved road. My wondering turned into disbelief,which then became a dis-reality. The road never changed, and we had arrived.
We pulled up to the house and I nervously gathered my belongings. My aunt and I jumped out of the truck bed and she led me to the house. We were greeted at the door by a friendly man, with a warm smile.
The man was accompanied by two beautiful young ladies, with dark, gorgeous hair. He took the lead and introduced himself as my uncle, Tio Jose. Once he was done, the two girls told me their names, Claudia and Lilianna.
I greeted each one of them and they welcomed me in and showed me to my room. I was surprised by the simplicity and starkness of their home. Even more so when I entered the room my cousins and I would be sharing.
Much like the airport, it was almost empty. It basically just had our beds in it and that was it. The bedding was plain and neutral and so were the bare, matching walls. I began to miss my Top Gun poster instantly.
I barely slept that night as I anxiously tried to wrap my brian around my current situation. I was 13 years old and my parents had sent me away, to a foreign country, to live with family members who were strangers to me.
Over the course of the night, this reality sunk all the way in. I woke up in an unfamiliar place and had to adapt. I started with acceptance, and moved forward into adaptation. I observed intently and followed their lead.
This practice became the essence of my being while I was there. Not only was everything I experienced, culturally different but I barely spoke the language. I felt awkward and eventually lost my confident front.
I had to struggle through communication, and therefore became selective about what I used my words for. I didn't feel like an interactive part of my environment, so I embraced observation. I felt like an outsider.
I watched the people around me and how they acted and interacted. I was so used to being a part of a group, that this mind shift was difficult. No longer was it I that was acting and interacting, I was an observer.
These people, my family, had taken me into their home. From that day on, they made me a part of their everyday lives. These strangers included me in each of their routines, plans, chores, interests, and social circles.
The choices they normally made without thought, had to be rethought. Every plan they made, had to comprise of something at least one of them could involve me in. They shared their space and their lives with me.
I didn't realize it then, but now that I think back, this family was amazing! They welcomed me, an outcast, rebel with too many causes; known as a trouble maker, with no tolerance or respect, into their home.
They took me in and invited me to stay as long as I needed to, because we were family. I loved them instantly, but I missed the luxuries of the good ole' USofA. My desire was to get back there, as soon as possible.
I felt comfortable in my previous way of life, I knew it well. This new life was so totally different. I would even say it was almost the complete opposite, of the way I was living before I got shipped off to Ecuador.
To be continued…..
Wishing you smiles and sunshine,


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Since I just announced my 125th career as a News Anchor (and 126th as a Computer Engineer!), I think it's time I cover my first piece of breaking news that also has a computer twist to it!
My 10th and final Woman to Watch in 2010 is MacArthur Fellow Yoky Matsuoka! Not only does this super-smart doll boast top science degrees from Berkeley and MIT, but she's also currently educating others in the emerging field of neurobotics at the University of Washington. Pretty inspiring, no?
As a true trailblazer and innovator in neurobiotics, Yoky engineers and builds advanced prosthetic limbs (think: robotic hands that look and act like real human hands) so she can help change lives. Her achievements are totally amazing, heart-warming and motivating.
What else do I love? This totally savvy scientist proves that young women everywhere can achieve anything they put their big brains to and look fashionable doing it. As she says, "I love the idea of sending a message to girls that shows them that you can be smart and fashionable."
So get studying, girls – it's way cool to be geek chic!


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Healing peptide BPC-157 use, dosage and storage
BPC-normal use
BPC-157 is known for super quick and professional Joint/tendon/ligament healing in all phases of clinical trials. BPC-157 has been shown in studies to heal torn quadriceps muscles, detached achilles tendon, muscles that have been damaged/crushed. Demonstrating dramatic fast recovery from muscle tears. Tendon to bone healing – increased ligament healing, BPC-157 has a variety of protective effects in the organs.
BPC 157 peptide has been shown to heal a variety of wounds in all areas researched, including internal organs, muscles, ligaments, tendons, skin, internal lacerations from surgery, etc
BPC-157 Dosage for Average to severe injury
200mcg being a medium dose up to 500mcg … depending on severity of issue ( if severe) dose 2x a day at 350 mcg totaling 700 mcg.
How to take Sublingual or injected
BPC 157 is both, you can do IM or subq as close as you can to the injection site, preferably around 1-4 inches away to yield the most benefit to the injured area
BPC-157 cycle lengh
BPC-157 can be run for 4 weeks, followed by a 2 week rest. after this if you are still not feeling 100% itll be safe to run another course of BPC-157.
BPC-157 reconstitution
Gently alcohol swab the stopper, then let it dry, same goes with the BAC water vial. Dose out the correct amount of BAC water. Slowly put the needle in… then slowly but surely inject the BAC water along side the vial making sure you do not indirectly inject on the peptide powder. Once you have done the first dose and the powder is essentially mixed, you can inject on the BAC water, that is fine. Note* this is done with 2mls of bac water, that would be 2 whole 1ml/1cc insulin syringes.
BPC-157 is commonly Stacked with
thymosin beta 4 (TB-500)
BPC-157 Storage
Keep away from UV/sunlight. It can stay in room temp for up to 10 weeks, however for best storage/results store in a fridge and use until vial is run out then discard of. For other BPC 157, they can stay in the fridge too as they'll last up to 6 months, whereas if you had more you can store in the freezer (up to 2 years).


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How do I write a CV that will pop and how do I pitch perfect?
Welcome to LNU Career and Drivhusets CV- and Pitch course! This is a workshop in which you will get help to develop your CV. We will also discuss the buliding blocks of the pitch and give you all the right tools to make a memorable impression!
Limited amount of participants. Apply to firstname.lastname@example.com


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|Sep 05, 2008
Development Grant for Nanowire Photovoltaics Project Announced
|(Nanowerk News) Cleanfield Energy Corp a subsidiary of Cleanfield Alternative Energy Inc. announces that its project partner, McMaster University, has been awarded a Collaborative Research and Development grant from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC).
|The project received funding for $236,000 over the next 3 years and is intended to further the research of Dr. Ray LaPierre, Professor of Engineering Physics at McMaster University, in the area of Nanowire Photovoltaics. Semiconductor nanowires are expected to improve the efficiency and reduce the costs associated with conventional solar cells.
|"The convergence of nanotechnology and photovoltaics is an exciting area of research and development with practical applications to renewable energy. This grant will allow us to make rapid progress in the development of nanowires for the next generation of solar cells" said Dr. LaPierre.
|The technology will be commercialized by Cleanfield, an Ontario-based company with a proven track record in product development, manufacturing, and marketing of Cleantech products. If successful, Nanowire Photovoltaics will be a disruptive technology capable of supplanting existing Generation I and II photovoltaic devices.
|About Cleanfield Alternative Energy Inc.
|Cleanfield Alternative Energy Inc. is the parent company of Cleanfield Energy Corp. and is committed to the development of renewable energy products for both consumer and commercial applications. Cleanfield's tailor-made Vertical Axis Wind Turbine can be mounted on a tower or suitable rooftop, offering electricity independence and security.
|Source: Cleanfield Energy (press release)
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Archive for June 2010
Myths and legends of Britain
This is an interesting storytelling site full of old legends and myths from around the British Isles.
On top of this you can create your own stories using the online creator. It's pretty intuitive to use.
You can view stories created by others via the creator.
Smories – Children's stories read by children
What is Smories? Well put simply it's a brilliant idea. Lots of young children love having stories read to them. They also like having stories read to them by other children; you might have seen siblings reading to one another, or making up stories for each other. Well that is the basis for Smories – video recordings of children reading stories.
If you've got a story for children you can submit it and if its good then one of the many narrators is filmed reading it. Simple as that.
If you've got kids then point them towards the site and let them go.
The idea for the site came from a couple with children on a long, long car journey. That's why the site is also accessible from iPhones and the iPod Touch, so you can get a story where ever and whenever you (or more significantly your kids) want to. It would be nice to see if integration and access is as easy from other portable devices, I haven't checked that yet.
But with a constant stream of new material, they're aiming for 50 new stories a month, Smories is a place to keep returning to again and again.
Smories is a UK site a month in so currently all narrators are british with UK accents. The intention is to have more US narrators from August.