text: Lynn Ponder tenacious, passionate and fearless entrepreneur. Lynn is a social media strategist, content creator and producer, with a unique style of positive energy through innovative coverage. Founder of webcitygirls.com a multicultural influencer digital platform and the 1st multicultural digital press team in iconic pink dazzling signature style covering red carpets from a social media POV. Multiple-Award winner, recognized as "Best Latina Network Leader" LATISM 2016. Creator of #UnstoppableLATINAS and #BeNumberless movement online.


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subset: commoncrawl


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'Kill All Taigs' painted on 5-year-old's face
By staff reporter
Northern Irish police have opened an investigation after pictures emerged of a five-year-old girl with a sectarian slogan painted across her forehead.
The girl's picture has circulated the internet, with the image showing her with 'KAT' written across her face in paint in the colours of the Union Jack.
The slogan 'KAT' is shorthand for 'Kill All Taigs', an anti-Catholic slur, and the image has prompted complaints being made to the police.
The girl's mother has been quoted as saying that she had not seen the face paint until after the picture had been taken at Twelfth of July celebrations.
She added that the children had done it to each other, copying the slogan from wall graffiti that they see every day.
A PSNI spokesperson said: "Police have received a report; enquiries will be carried out to establish if any offences have been committed."


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Parks Marina
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View all events in "Parks Marina"
Open HouseParks Marina
24457 Stake Out Rd
Okoboji Iowa 51355
Crownline Rendezvous w/ FireworksParks Marina
Okoboji Iowa 51355


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Miliband has also been busy 'looking at options' for renationalising Britain's railways at the end of current franchise contracts. This is yet another of what I have called Labour's 'targeted tweets' designed to please trade unions and pick off loose voters — in this case disgruntled south–eastern commuters. What it's not is a credible, costed policy. Even Ed Balls is said to be distancing himself from such a retrograde idea, while Martin Griffiths, chief executive of the Stagecoach transport group, rightly called it 'a one-way ticket to higher taxes' and others in the industry point out that there could be no quicker way to kill existing plans for investment in better trains.
The Miliband case, if we can dignify it thus, is based on the relative success of the East Coast service run by Directly Operated Railways, the 'arm's length company' created by the Department for Transport in 2009 when National Express threw in the towel. As a frequent traveller, I can confirm that East Coast is a marginal improvement on National Express, which was dire but was only there for two years; what's forgotten is that GNER, the first franchisee on the route from 1996 to 2007, ran a service that set new benchmarks and won real customer loyalty before it was brought down by cash-flow problems in its parent, Sea Containers.
And the irony is that arguably the best of today's services are already wholly or partly state-owned — just not by our own state. CrossCountry, Grand Central and Chiltern are part of Arriva, owned by German taxpayers through Deutsche Bahn; the Dutch are in East Anglia and the north; the French have 55 per cent of Eurostar.
This is not a rigid ideological issue, because many of the world's best railways are state-owned. But ours in the British Rail era were among the world's, or at least Europe's, worst — ill-managed, under-invested and at the mercy of the unions. Thank goodness Ed Miliband has no real intention of taking them back there.
This is an extract from Martin Vander Weyer's Any Other Business column in this week's magazine. Click here to read for free with a trial of The Spectator app for iPad and iPhone. You can also subscribe with a free trial on the Kindle Fire.
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Subject: September 11, 2001: Attack on America
At 8:45 a.m. on a clear Tuesday morning, an American Airlines Boeing 767 loaded with 20,000 gallons of jet fuel crashes into the north tower of the World Trade Center in New York City. The impact left a gaping, burning hole near the 80th floor of the 110-story skyscraper, instantly killing hundreds of people and trapping hundreds more in higher floors. As the evacuation of the tower and its twin got underway, television cameras broadcasted live images of what initially appeared to be a freak accident. Then, 18 minutes after the first plane hit, a second Boeing 767–United Airlines Flight 175–appeared out of the sky, turned sharply toward the World Trade Center, and sliced into the south tower at about the 60th floor. The collision caused a massive explosion that showered burning debris over surrounding buildings and the streets below. America was under attack.
The attackers were Islamic terrorists from Saudi Arabia and several other Arab nations. Reportedly financed by Saudi fugitive Osama bin Laden's al Qaeda terrorist organization, they were allegedly acting in retaliation for America's support of Israel, its involvement in the Persian Gulf War, and its continued military presence in the Middle East. Some of the terrorists had lived in the United States for more than a year and had taken flying lessons at American commercial flight schools. Others had slipped into the U.S. in the months before September 11 and acted as the "muscle" in the operation. The 19 terrorists easily smuggled box-cutters and knives through security at three East Coast airports and boarded four flights bound for California, chosen because the planes were loaded with fuel for the long transcontinental journey. Soon after takeoff, the terrorists commandeered the four planes and took the controls, transforming the ordinary commuter jets into guided missiles.
As millions watched in horror the events unfolding in New York, American Airlines Flight 77 circled over downtown Washington and slammed into the west side of the Pentagon military headquarters at 9:45 a.m. Jet fuel from the Boeing 757 caused a devastating inferno that led to a structural collapse of a portion of the giant concrete building. All told, 125 military personnel and civilians were killed in the Pentagon along with all 64 people aboard the airliner.
Less than 15 minutes after the terrorists struck the nerve center of the U.S. military, the horror in New York took a catastrophic turn for the worse when the south tower of the World Trade Center collapsed in a massive cloud of dust and smoke. The structural steel of the skyscraper, built to withstand winds in excess of 200 mph and a large conventional fire, could not withstand the tremendous heat generated by the burning jet fuel. At 10:30 a.m., the other Trade Center tower collapsed. Close to 3,000 people died in the World Trade Center and its vicinity, including a staggering 343 firefighters and paramedics, 23 New York City police officers, and 37 Port Authority police officers who were struggling to complete an evacuation of the buildings and save the office workers trapped on higher floors. Only six people in the World Trade Center towers at the time of their collapse survived. Almost 10,000 other people were treated for injuries, many severe.
Meanwhile, a fourth California-bound plane–United Flight 93–was hijacked about 40 minutes after leaving Newark International Airport in New Jersey. Because the plane had been delayed in taking off, passengers on board learned of events in New York and Washington via cell phone and Airfone calls to the ground. Knowing that the aircraft was not returning to an airport as the hijackers claimed, a group of passengers and flight attendants planned an insurrection. One of the passengers, Thomas Burnett, Jr., told his wife over the phone that "I know we're all going to die. There's three of us who are going to do something about it. I love you, honey." Another passenger–Todd Beamer–was heard saying "Are you guys ready? Let's roll" over an open line. Sandy Bradshaw, a flight attendant, called her husband and explained that she had slipped into a galley and was filling pitchers with boiling water. Her last words to him were "Everyone's running to first class. I've got to go. Bye."
The passengers fought the four hijackers and are suspected to have attacked the cockpit with a fire extinguisher. The plane then flipped over and sped toward the ground at upwards of 500 miles per hour, crashing in a rural field in western Pennsylvania at 10:10 a.m. All 45 people aboard were killed. Its intended target is not known, but theories include the White House, the U.S. Capitol, the Camp David presidential retreat in Maryland, or one of several nuclear power plants along the eastern seaboard.
At 7 p.m., President George W. Bush, who had spent the day being shuttled around the country because of security concerns, returned to the White House. At 9 p.m., he delivered a televised address from the Oval Office, declaring "Terrorist attacks can shake the foundations of our biggest buildings, but they cannot touch the foundation of America. These acts shatter steel, but they cannot dent the steel of American resolve." In a reference to the eventual U.S. military response he declared: "We will make no distinction between the terrorists who committed these acts and those who harbor them."
Operation Enduring Freedom, the U.S.-led international effort to oust the Taliban regime in Afghanistan and destroy Osama bin Laden's terrorist network based there, began on October 7, 2001. Bin Laden was killed during a raid of his compound in Pakistan by U.S. forces on May 2, 2011.
Subject: September 12, 1940: Lascaux cave paintings discovered
Near Montignac, France, a collection of prehistoric cave paintings are discovered by four teenagers who stumbled upon the ancient artwork after following their dog down a narrow entrance into a cavern. The 15,000- to 17,000-year-old paintings, consisting mostly of animal representations, are among the finest examples of art from the Upper Paleolithic period.
First studied by the French archaeologist Henri-Édouard-Prosper Breuil, the Lascaux grotto consists of a main cavern 66 feet wide and 16 feet high. The walls of the cavern are decorated with some 600 painted and drawn animals and symbols and nearly 1,500 engravings. The pictures depict in excellent detail numerous types of animals, including horses, red deer, stags, bovines, felines, and what appear to be mythical creatures. There is only one human figure depicted in the cave: a bird-headed man with an erect phallus. Archaeologists believe that the cave was used over a long period of time as a center for hunting and religious rites.
The Lascaux grotto was opened to the public in 1948 but was closed in 1963 because artificial lights had faded the vivid colors of the paintings and caused algae to grow over some of them. A replica of the Lascaux cave was opened nearby in 1983 and receives tens of thousands of visitors annually.
Subject: September 13, 1814: Key pens Star-Spangled Banner
On this day in 1814, Francis Scott Key pens a poem which is later set to music and in 1931 becomes America's national anthem, "The Star-Spangled Banner." The poem, originally titled "The Defence of Fort McHenry," was written after Key witnessed the Maryland fort being bombarded by the British during the War of 1812. Key was inspired by the sight of a lone U.S. flag still flying over Fort McHenry at daybreak, as reflected in the now-famous words of the "Star-Spangled Banner": "And the rocket's red glare, the bombs bursting in air, Gave proof through the night that our flag was still there."
Francis Scott Key was born on August 1, 1779, at Terra Rubra, his family's estate in Frederick County (now Carroll County), Maryland. He became a successful lawyer in Maryland and Washington, D.C., and was later appointed U.S. attorney for the District of Columbia.
On June 18, 1812, America declared war on Great Britain after a series of trade disagreements. In August 1814, British troops invaded Washington, D.C., and burned the White House, Capitol Building and Library of Congress. Their next target was Baltimore.
After one of Key's friends, Dr. William Beanes, was taken prisoner by the British, Key went to Baltimore, located the ship where Beanes was being held and negotiated his release. However, Key and Beanes weren't allowed to leave until after the British bombardment of Fort McHenry. Key watched the bombing campaign unfold from aboard a ship located about eight miles away. After a day, the British were unable to destroy the fort and gave up. Key was relieved to see the American flag still flying over Fort McHenry and quickly penned a few lines in tribute to what he had witnessed.
The poem was printed in newspapers and eventually set to the music of a popular English drinking tune called "To Anacreon in Heaven" by composer John Stafford Smith. People began referring to the song as "The Star-Spangled Banner" and in 1916 President Woodrow Wilson announced that it should be played at all official events. It was adopted as the national anthem on March 3, 1931.
Francis Scott Key died of pleurisy on January 11, 1843. Today, the flag that flew over Fort McHenry in 1914 is housed at the Smithsonian Institution's Museum of American History in Washington, D.C.
Subject: September 14, 1901: McKinley dies of infection from gunshot wounds
On this day in 1901, U.S. President William McKinley dies after being shot by a deranged anarchist during the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo, New York.
McKinley won his first Congressional seat at the age of 34 and spent 14 years in the House, becoming known as the leading Republican expert on tariffs. After losing his seat in 1890, McKinley served two terms as governor of Ohio. By 1896, he had emerged as the leading Republican candidate for president, aided by the support of the wealthy Ohio industrialist Mark Hanna. That fall, McKinley defeated his Democratic rival, William Jennings Bryan, by the largest popular margin since the Civil War.
As president, McKinley became known–controversially–as a protector of big businesses, which enjoyed unprecedented growth during his administration. He advocated the protective tariff as a way of shielding U.S. business and labor from foreign competition, and he successfully argued for using the gold standard of currency.
Above all, however, McKinley's presidency was dominated by his foreign policy. In April 1898, he was pushed by Congress and American public opinion to intervene in Cuba's struggle for independence from Spanish colonial rule. In the first American war against a foreign power since 1812, the United States handily defeated Spain in just three months, freeing Cuba–although the island became a U.S. protectorate–and annexing Puerto Rico, Guam and the Philippines. For the first time, the United States had become a colonialist power.
America's growing interests in the Pacific led McKinley's administration to greatly increase its involvement in Asian politics. In 1900, McKinley sent thousands of U.S. troops to China to help put down the Boxer Rebellion, aimed at driving out foreigners. His aggressive "Open Door" policy declared U.S. support for an independent China and argued that all nations with commercial interests in China should be able to compete on equal footing.
The popular McKinley won a second term by even greater margins over Bryan, who attacked him on his "imperialism" in the Pacific and, domestically, on the growth of illegal monopolies, or trusts. There was little time to see what his second term would bring, however. On September 6, 1901, while standing in a receiving line at the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo, McKinley was approached by Leon Czolgosz, a Polish-American anarchist carrying a concealed .32 revolver in a handkerchief. Drawing his weapon, Czolgosz shot McKinley twice at close range. One bullet deflected off a suit button, but the other entered his stomach, passed through the kidneys, and lodged in his back. When he was operated on, doctors failed to find the bullet, and gangrene soon spread throughout his body. McKinley died eight days later. Czolgosz was convicted of murder and executed soon after the shooting.
Subject: September 15, 1978: Ali defeats Spinks to win world heavyweight championship
On this day in 1978, boxer Muhammad Ali defeats Leon Spinks at the Louisiana Superdome in New Orleans to win the world heavyweight boxing title for the third time in his career, the first fighter ever to do so. Following his victory, Ali retired from boxing, only to make a brief comeback two years later. Ali, who once claimed he could "float like a butterfly, sting like a bee," left the sport permanently in 1981.
Born Cassius Marcellus Clay Jr. in Louisville, Kentucky, on January 14, 1942, the future world champ changed his name to Muhammad Ali in 1964 after converting to Islam. He earned a gold medal at the 1960 Olympic Games in Rome and made his professional boxing debut against Tunney Husaker in October 1960, winning the bout in six rounds. On February 25, 1964, Ali defeated the heavily favored Sonny Liston in six rounds to become heavyweight champ, after which he famously declared, "I am the greatest!"
During the Vietnam War, Ali refused to be inducted into the U.S. armed forces and in 1967 was convicted of draft evasion and banned from boxing for three years. He stayed out of prison as his case was appealed and returned to the ring in October 1970, knocking out Jerry Quarry in Atlanta in the third round. On March 8, 1971, Ali fought Joe Frazier in the "Fight of the Century" and lost after 15 rounds, the first loss of his professional boxing career. In June 1971, the U.S. Supreme Court overturned Ali's conviction for evading the draft.
At a January 1974 rematch at New York City's Madison Square Garden, Ali defeated Frazier in 12 rounds. In October of that same year, an underdog Ali bested George Foreman and reclaimed his heavyweight champion belt at the heavily hyped "Rumble in the Jungle" in Kinshasa, Zaire, with a knockout in the eighth round. On February 15, 1978, in Las Vegas, an aging Ali lost the title to Leon Spinks in a 15-round split decision. For Spinks, who was born in 1953 and won a gold medal in boxing at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, the fight was just the eighth of his professional career. However, seven months later, on September 15, Ali won the title back, in a unanimous 15-round decision.
In June 1979, Ali announced he was retiring from boxing. On October 2, 1980, he returned to the ring and fought heavyweight champ Larry Holmes, who knocked him out in the 11th round. After losing to Trevor Berbick on December 11, 1981, Ali left the ring for the last time, with a record of 56 wins, five losses and 37 knockouts. In 1984, he was revealed to have Parkinson's disease. Spinks retired from boxing in 1995 with a record of 26 wins, 17 losses and 14 knockouts.
Subject: September 16, 1932: Gandhi begins fast in protest of caste separation
On this day in 1932, in his cell at Yerovda Jail near Bombay, Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi begins a hunger strike in protest of the British government's decision to separate India's electoral system by caste.
A leader in the Indian campaign for home rule, Gandhi worked all his life to spread his own brand of passive resistance across India and the world. By 1920, his concept of Satyagraha (or "insistence upon truth") had made Gandhi an enormously influential figure for millions of followers. Jailed by the British government from 1922-24, he withdrew from political action for a time during the 1920s but in 1930 returned with a new civil disobedience campaign. This landed Gandhi in prison again, but only briefly, as the British made concessions to his demands and invited him to represent the Indian National Congress Party at a round-table conference in London.
After his return to India in January 1932, Gandhi wasted no time beginning another civil disobedience campaign, for which he was jailed yet again. Eight months later, Gandhi announced he was beginning a "fast unto death" in order to protest British support of a new Indian constitution, which gave the country's lowest classes–known as "untouchables"–their own separate political representation for a period of 70 years. Gandhi believed this would permanently and unfairly divide India's social classes. A member of the more powerful Vaisya, or merchant caste, Gandhi nonetheless advocated the emancipation of the untouchables, whom he called Harijans, or "Children of God."
"This is a god-given opportunity that has come to me," Gandhi said from his prison cell at Yerovda, "to offer my life as a final sacrifice to the downtrodden." Though other public figures in India–including Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambdekar, the official political representative of the untouchables–had questioned Gandhi's true commitment to the lower classes, his six-day fast ended after the British government accepted the principal terms of a settlement between higher caste Indians and the untouchables that reversed the separation decision.
As India slowly moved towards independence, Gandhi's influence only grew. He continued to resort to the hunger strike as a method of resistance, knowing the British government would not be able to withstand the pressure of the public's concern for the man they called Mahatma, or "Great Soul." On January 12, 1948, Gandhi undertook his last successful fast in New Delhi, to persuade Hindus and Muslims in that city to work toward peace. On January 30, less than two weeks after breaking that fast, he was assassinated by a Hindu extremist on his way to an evening prayer meeting.
Subject: September 17, 1862: Battle of Antietam
Beginning early on the morning of this day in 1862, Confederate and Union troops in the Civil War clash near Maryland's Antietam Creek in the bloodiest one-day battle in American history.
The Battle of Antietam marked the culmination of Confederate General Robert E. Lee's first invasion of the Northern states. Guiding his Army of Northern Virginia across the Potomac River in early September 1862, the great general daringly divided his men, sending half of them, under the command of General Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson, to capture the Union garrison at Harper's Ferry.
President Abraham Lincoln put Major General George B. McClellan in charge of the Union troops responsible for defending Washington, D.C., against Lee's invasion. McClellan's Army of the Potomac clashed first with Lee's men on September 14, with the Confederates forced to retreat after being blocked at the passes of South Mountain. Though Lee considered turning back toward Virginia, news of Jackson's capture of Harper's Ferry reached him on September 15. That victory convinced him to stay and make a stand near Sharpsburg, Maryland.
Over the course of September 15 and 16, the Confederate and Union armies gathered on opposite sides of Antietam Creek. On the Confederate side, Jackson commanded the left flank with General James Longstreet at the head of the center and right. McClellan's strategy was to attack the enemy left, then the right, and finally, when either of those movements met with success, to move forward in the center.
When fighting began in the foggy dawn hours of September 17, this strategy broke down into a series of uncoordinated advances by Union soldiers under the command of Generals Joseph Hooker, Joseph Mansfield and Edwin Sumner. As savage and bloody combat continued for eight hours across the region, the Confederates were pushed back but not beaten, despite sustaining some 15,000 casualties. At the same time, Union General Ambrose Burnside opened an attack on the Confederate right, capturing the bridge that now bears his name around 1 p.m. Burnside's break to reorganize his men allowed Confederate reinforcements to arrive, turning back the Union advance there as well.
By the time the sun went down, both armies still held their ground, despite staggering combined casualties–nearly 23,000 of the 100,000 soldiers engaged, including almost 4,000 dead. McClellan's center never moved forward, leaving a large number of Union troops that did not participate in the battle. On the morning of September 18, both sides gathered their wounded and buried their dead. That night, Lee turned his forces back to Virginia. His retreat gave President Lincoln the moment he had been waiting for to issue the Emancipation Proclamation, a historic document that turned the Union effort in the Civil War into a fight for the abolition of slavery.
Subject: September 18, 1793: Capitol cornerstone is laid
On this day in 1793, George Washington lays the cornerstone to the United States Capitol building, the home of the legislative branch of American government. The building would take nearly a century to complete, as architects came and went, the British set fire to it and it was called into use during the Civil War. Today, the Capitol building, with its famous cast-iron dome and important collection of American art, is part of the Capitol Complex, which includes six Congressional office buildings and three Library of Congress buildings, all developed in the 19th and 20th centuries.
As a young nation, the United States had no permanent capital, and Congress met in eight different cities, including Baltimore, New York and Philadelphia, before 1791. In 1790, Congress passed the Residence Act, which gave President Washington the power to select a permanent home for the federal government. The following year, he chose what would become the District of Columbia from land provided by Maryland. Washington picked three commissioners to oversee the capital city's development and they in turn chose French engineer Pierre Charles L'Enfant to come up with the design. However, L'Enfant clashed with the commissioners and was fired in 1792. A design competition was then held, with a Scotsman named William Thornton submitting the winning entry for the Capitol building. In September 1793, Washington laid the Capitol's cornerstone and the lengthy construction process, which would involve a line of project managers and architects, got under way.
In 1800, Congress moved into the Capitol's north wing. In 1807, the House of Representatives moved into the building's south wing, which was finished in 1811. During the War of 1812, the British invaded Washington, D.C., and set fire to the Capitol on August 24, 1814. A rainstorm saved the building from total destruction. Congress met in nearby temporary quarters from 1815 to 1819. In the early 1850s, work began to expand the Capitol to accommodate the growing number of Congressmen. In 1861, construction was temporarily halted while the Capitol was used by Union troops as a hospital and barracks. Following the war, expansions and modern upgrades to the building continued into the next century.
Today, the Capitol, which is visited by 3 million to 5 million people each year, has 540 rooms and covers a ground area of about four acres.
Subject: September 19, 1957: Nevada is site of first-ever underground nuclear explosion
On this day in 1957, the United States detonates a 1.7 kiloton nuclear weapon in an underground tunnel at the Nevada Test Site (NTS), a 1,375 square mile research center located 65 miles north of Las Vegas. The test, known as Rainier, was the first fully contained underground detonation and produced no radioactive fallout. A modified W-25 warhead weighing 218 pounds and measuring 25.7 inches in diameter and 17.4 inches in length was used for the test. Rainier was part of a series of 29 nuclear weapons and nuclear weapons safety tests known as Operation Plumbbob that were conducted at the NTS between May 28, 1957, and October 7, 1957.
In December 1941, the U.S. government committed to building the world's first nuclear weapon when President Franklin Roosevelt authorized $2 billion in funding for what came to be known as the Manhattan Project. The first nuclear weapon test took place on July 16, 1945, at the Trinity site near Alamogordo, New Mexico. A few weeks later, on August 6, 1945, with the U.S. at war against Japan, President Harry Truman authorized the dropping of an atomic bomb named Little Boy over Hiroshima, Japan. Three days later, on August 9, a nuclear bomb called Fat Man was dropped over Nagasaki. Two hundred thousand people, according to some estimates, were killed in the attacks on the two cities and on August 15, 1945, Japan surrendered to the Allied Powers.
1957's Operation Plumbbob took place at a time when the U.S. was engaged in a Cold War and nuclear arms race with the Soviet Union. In 1963, the U.S. signed the Limited Test Ban Treaty, which banned nuclear weapons testing in the atmosphere, underwater and outer space. A total of 928 tests took place at the Nevada Test Site between 1951 and 1992, when the U.S. conducted its last underground nuclear test. In 1996, the U.S signed the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty, which prohibits nuclear detonations in all environments.
Subject: September 20, 1973: King triumphs in Battle of Sexes
On this day in 1973, in a highly publicized "Battle of the Sexes" tennis match, top women's player Billie Jean King, 29, beats Bobby Riggs, 55, a former No. 1 ranked men's player. Riggs (1918-1995), a self-proclaimed male chauvinist, had boasted that women were inferior, that they couldn't handle the pressure of the game and that even at his age he could beat any female player. The match was a huge media event, witnessed in person by over 30,000 spectators at the Houston Astrodome and by another 50 million TV viewers worldwide. King made a Cleopatra-style entrance on a gold litter carried by men dressed as ancient slaves, while Riggs arrived in a rickshaw pulled by female models. Legendary sportscaster Howard Cosell called the match, in which King beat Riggs 6-4, 6-3, 6-3. King's achievement not only helped legitimize women's professional tennis and female athletes, but it was seen as a victory for women's rights in general.
King was born Billie Jean Moffitt on November 22, 1943, in Long Beach, California. Growing up, she was a star softball player before her parents encouraged her to try tennis, which was considered more ladylike. She excelled at the sport and in 1961, at age 17, during her first outing to Wimbledon, she won the women's doubles title. King would rack up a total of 20 Wimbledon victories, in singles, doubles and mixed doubles, over the course of her trailblazing career. In 1971, she became the first female athlete to earn more than $100,000 in prize money in a single season. However, significant pay disparities still existed between men and women athletes and King lobbied hard for change. In 1973, the U.S. Open became the first major tennis tournament to hand out the same amount of prize money to winners of both sexes.
In 1972, King became the first woman to be chosen Sports Illustrated's "Sportsperson of the Year" and in 1973, she became the first president of the Women's Tennis Association. King also established a sports foundation and magazine for women and a team tennis league. In 1974, as a coach of the Philadelphia Freedoms, one of the teams in the league, she became the first woman to head up a professional co-ed team.
The "mother of modern sports" retired from tennis with 39 Grand Slam career titles. She remained active as a coach, commentator and advocate for women's sports and other causes. In 2006, the USTA National Tennis Center, home of the U.S. Open, was renamed in King's honor. During the dedication ceremony, tennis great John McEnroe called King "the single most important person in the history of women's sports."
Subject: September 21, 1780: Benedict Arnold commits treason
On this day in 1780, during the American Revolution, American General Benedict Arnold meets with British Major John Andre to discuss handing over West Point to the British, in return for the promise of a large sum of money and a high position in the British army. The plot was foiled and Arnold, a former American hero, became synonymous with the word "traitor."
Arnold was born into a well-respected family in Norwich, Connecticut, on January 14, 1741. He apprenticed with an apothecary and was a member of the militia during the French and Indian War (1754-1763). He later became a successful trader and joined the Continental Army when the Revolutionary War broke out between Great Britain and its 13 American colonies in 1775. When the war ended in 1783, the colonies had won their independence from Britain and formed a new nation, the United States.
During the war, Benedict Arnold proved himself a brave and skillful leader, helping Ethan Allen's troops capture Fort Ticonderoga in 1775 and then participating in the unsuccessful attack on British Quebec later that year, which earned him a promotion to brigadier general. Arnold distinguished himself in campaigns at Lake Champlain, Ridgefield and Saratoga, and gained the support of George Washington. However, Arnold had enemies within the military and in 1777, five men of lesser rank were promoted over him. Over the course of the next few years, Arnold married for a second time and he and his new wife lived a lavish lifestyle in Philadelphia, accumulating substantial debt. The debt and the resentment Arnold felt over not being promoted faster were motivating factors in his choice to become a turncoat.
In 1780, Arnold was given command of West Point, an American fort on the Hudson River in New York (and future home of the U.S. military academy, established in 1802). Arnold contacted Sir Henry Clinton, head of the British forces, and proposed handing over West Point and his men. On September 21 of that year, Arnold met with Major John Andre and made his traitorous pact. However, the conspiracy was uncovered and Andre was captured and executed. Arnold, the former American patriot, fled to the enemy side and went on to lead British troops in Virginia and Connecticut. He later moved to England, though he never received all of what he'd been promised by the British. He died in London on June 14, 1801.
Subject: September 22, 1862: Lincoln issues Emancipation Proclamation
On this day in 1862, President Abraham Lincoln issues a preliminary Emancipation Proclamation, which sets a date for the freedom of more than 3 million black slaves in the United States and recasts the Civil War as a fight against slavery.
When the Civil War broke out in 1861, shortly after Lincoln's inauguration as America's 16th president, he maintained that the war was about restoring the Union and not about slavery. He avoided issuing an anti-slavery proclamation immediately, despite the urgings of abolitionists and radical Republicans, as well as his personal belief that slavery was morally repugnant. Instead, Lincoln chose to move cautiously until he could gain wide support from the public for such a measure.
In July 1862, Lincoln informed his cabinet that he would issue an emancipation proclamation but that it would exempt the so-called border states, which had slaveholders but remained loyal to the Union. His cabinet persuaded him not to make the announcement until after a Union victory. Lincoln's opportunity came following the Union win at the Battle of Antietam in September 1862. On September 22, the president announced that slaves in areas still in rebellion within 100 days would be free.
On January 1, 1863, Lincoln issued the final Emancipation Proclamation, which declared "that all persons held as slaves" within the rebel states "are, and henceforward shall be free." The proclamation also called for the recruitment and establishment of black military units among the Union forces. An estimated 180,000 African Americans went on to serve in the army, while another 18,000 served in the navy.
After the Emancipation Proclamation, backing the Confederacy was seen as favoring slavery. It became impossible for anti-slavery nations such as Great Britain and France, who had been friendly to the Confederacy, to get involved on behalf of the South. The proclamation also unified and strengthened Lincoln's party, the Republicans, helping them stay in power for the next two decades.
The proclamation was a presidential order and not a law passed by Congress, so Lincoln then pushed for an antislavery amendment to the U.S. Constitution to ensure its permanence. With the passage of the 13th Amendment in 1865, slavery was eliminated throughout America (although blacks would face another century of struggle before they truly began to gain equal rights).
Lincoln's handwritten draft of the final Emancipation Proclamation was destroyed in the Chicago Fire of 1871. Today, the original official version of the document is housed in the National Archives in Washington, D.C.
Subject: September 23, 1875: Billy the Kid arrested for first time
On this day in 1875, Billy the Kid is arrested for the first time after stealing a basket of laundry. He later broke out of jail and roamed the American West, eventually earning a reputation as an outlaw and murderer and a rap sheet that allegedly included 21 murders.
The exact details of Billy the Kid's birth are unknown, other than his name, William Henry McCarty. He was probably born sometime between 1859 and 1861, in Indiana or New York. As a child, he had no relationship with his father and moved around with his family, living in Indiana, Kansas, Colorado and Silver City, New Mexico. His mother died in 1874 and Billy the Kid—who went by a variety of names throughout his life, including Kid Antrim and William Bonney—turned to crime soon afterward.
McCarty did a stint as a horse thief in Arizona before returning to New Mexico, where he hooked up with a gang of gunslingers and cattle rustlers involved in the notorious Lincoln County War between rival rancher and merchant factions in Lincoln County in 1878. Afterward, Billy the Kid, who had a slender build, prominent crooked front teeth and a love of singing, went on the lam and continued his outlaw's life, stealing cattle and horses, gambling and killing people. His crimes earned him a bounty on his head and he was eventually captured and indicted for killing a sheriff during the Lincoln County War. Billy the Kid was sentenced to hang for his crime; however, a short time later, he managed another jail break, murdering two deputies in the process. Billy the Kid's freedom was brief, as Sheriff Pat Garrett caught up with the desperado at Fort Sumner, New Mexico, on July 14, 1881, and fatally shot him.
Although his life was short, Billy the Kid's legend grew following his death. Today he is a famous symbol of the Old West, along with such men as Kit Carson, Jesse James, Wild Bill Hickok, Doc Holliday and Wyatt Earp, and his story has been mythologized and romanticized in numerous films, books, TV shows and songs. Each year, tourists visit the town of Fort Sumner, located about 160 miles southeast of Albuquerque, to see the Billy the Kid Museum and gravesite.
Subject: September 24, 1789: The First Supreme Court
The Judiciary Act of 1789 is passed by Congress and signed by President George Washington, establishing the Supreme Court of the United States as a tribunal made up of six justices who were to serve on the court until death or retirement. That day, President Washington nominated John Jay to preside as chief justice, and John Rutledge, William Cushing, John Blair, Robert Harrison, and James Wilson to be associate justices. On September 26, all six appointments were confirmed by the U.S. Senate.
The U.S. Supreme Court was established by Article 3 of the U.S. Constitution. The Constitution granted the Supreme Court ultimate jurisdiction over all laws, especially those in which their constitutionality was at issue. The high court was also designated to oversee cases concerning treaties of the United States, foreign diplomats, admiralty practice, and maritime jurisdiction. On February 1, 1790, the first session of the U.S. Supreme Court was held in New York City's Royal Exchange Building.
The U.S. Supreme Court grew into the most important judicial body in the world in terms of its central place in the American political order. According to the Constitution, the size of the court is set by Congress, and the number of justices varied during the 19th century before stabilizing in 1869 at nine. In times of constitutional crisis, the nation's highest court has always played a definitive role in resolving, for better or worse, the great issues of the time.
Subject: September 25, 1957: Central High School integrated
Under escort from the U.S. Army's 101st Airborne Division, nine black students enter all-white Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas. Three weeks earlier, Arkansas Governor Orval Faubus had surrounded the school with National Guard troops to prevent its federal court-ordered racial integration. After a tense standoff, President Dwight D. Eisenhower federalized the Arkansas National Guard and sent 1,000 army paratroopers to Little Rock to enforce the court order.
On May 17, 1954, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled unanimously in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka that racial segregation in educational facilities was unconstitutional. Five days later, the Little Rock School Board issued a statement saying it would comply with the decision when the Supreme Court outlined the method and time frame in which desegregation should be implemented.
Arkansas was at the time among the more progressive Southern states in regard to racial issues. The University of Arkansas School of Law was integrated in 1949, and the Little Rock Public Library in 1951. Even before the Supreme Court ordered integration to proceed "with all deliberate speed," the Little Rock School Board in 1955 unanimously adopted a plan of integration to begin in 1957 at the high school level. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) filed suit, arguing the plan was too gradual, but a federal judge dismissed the suit, saying that the school board was acting in "utmost good faith." Meanwhile, Little Rock's public buses were desegregated. By 1957, seven out of Arkansas' eight state universities were integrated.
In the spring of 1957, there were 517 black students who lived in the Central High School district. Eighty expressed an interest in attending Central in the fall, and they were interviewed by the Little Rock School Board, which narrowed down the number of candidates to 17. Eight of those students later decided to remain at all-black Horace Mann High School, leaving the "Little Rock Nine" to forge their way into Little Rock's premier high school.
In August 1957, the newly formed Mother's League of Central High School won a temporary injunction from the county chancellor to block integration of the school, charging that it "could lead to violence." Federal District Judge Ronald Davies nullified the injunction on August 30. On September 2, Governor Orval Faubus—a staunch segregationist—called out the Arkansas National Guard to surround Central High School and prevent integration, ostensibly to prevent the bloodshed he claimed desegregation would cause. The next day, Judge Davies ordered integrated classes to begin on September 4.
That morning, 100 armed National Guard troops encircled Central High School. A mob of 400 white civilians gathered and turned ugly when the black students began to arrive, shouting racial epithets and threatening the teenagers with violence. The National Guard troops refused to let the black students pass and used their clubs to control the crowd. One of the nine, 15-year-old Elizabeth Eckford, was surrounded by the mob, which threatened to lynch her. She was finally led to safety by a sympathetic white woman.
Little Rock Mayor Woodrow Mann condemned Faubus' decision to call out the National Guard, but the governor defended his action, reiterating that he did so to prevent violence. The governor also stated that integration would occur in Little Rock when and if a majority of people chose to support it. Faubus' defiance of Judge Davies' court order was the first major test of Brown v. Board of Education and the biggest challenge of the federal government's authority over the states since the Reconstruction Era.
The standoff continued, and on September 20 Judge Davies ruled that Faubus had used the troops to prevent integration, not to preserve law and order as he claimed. Faubus had no choice but to withdraw the National Guard troops. Authority over the explosive situation was put in the hands of the Little Rock Police Department.
On September 23, as a mob of 1,000 whites milled around outside Central High School, the nine black students managed to gain access to a side door. However, the mob became unruly when it learned the black students were inside, and the police evacuated them out of fear for their safety. That evening, President Eisenhower issued a special proclamation calling for opponents of the federal court order to "cease and desist." On September 24, Little Rock's mayor sent a telegram to the president asking him to send troops to maintain order and complete the integration process. Eisenhower immediately federalized the Arkansas National Guard and approved the deployment of U.S. troops to Little Rock. That evening, from the White House, the president delivered a nationally televised address in which he explained that he had taken the action to defend the rule of law and prevent "mob rule" and "anarchy." On September 25, the Little Rock Nine entered the school under heavily armed guard.
Troops remained at Central High School throughout the school year, but still the black students were subjected to verbal and physical assaults from a faction of white students. Melba Patillo, one of the nine, had acid thrown in her eyes, and Elizabeth Eckford was pushed down a flight of stairs. The three male students in the group were subjected to more conventional beatings. Minnijean Brown was suspended after dumping a bowl of chili over the head of a taunting white student. She was later suspended for the rest of the year after continuing to fight back. The other eight students consistently turned the other cheek. On May 27, 1958, Ernest Green, the only senior in the group, became the first black to graduate from Central High School.
Governor Faubus continued to fight the school board's integration plan, and in September 1958 he ordered Little Rock's three high schools closed rather than permit integration. Many Little Rock students lost a year of education as the legal fight over desegregation continued. In 1959, a federal court struck down Faubus' school-closing law, and in August 1959 Little Rock's white high schools opened a month early with black students in attendance. All grades in Little Rock public schools were finally integrated in 1972.
Subject: September 26, 1960: First Kennedy-Nixon debate
For the first time in U.S. history, a debate between major party presidential candidates is shown on television. The presidential hopefuls, John F. Kennedy, a Democratic senator of Massachusetts, and Richard M. Nixon, the vice president of the United States, met in a Chicago studio to discuss U.S. domestic matters.
Kennedy emerged the apparent winner from this first of four televised debates, partly owing to his greater ease before the camera than Nixon, who, unlike Kennedy, seemed nervous and declined to wear makeup. Nixon fared better in the second and third debates, and on October 21 the candidates met to discuss foreign affairs in their fourth and final debate. Less than three weeks later, on November 8, Kennedy won 49.7 percent of the popular vote in one of the closest presidential elections in U.S. history, surpassing by a fraction the 49.6 percent received by his Republican opponent.
One year after leaving the vice presidency, Nixon returned to politics, winning the Republican nomination for governor of California. Although he lost the election, Nixon returned to the national stage in 1968 in a successful bid for the presidency. Like Lyndon Johnson in 1964, Nixon declined to debate his opponent in the 1968 presidential campaign. Televised presidential debates returned in 1976, and have been held in every presidential campaign since.
Subject: September 27, 1779: John Adams appointed to negotiate peace terms with British
On this day in 1779, the Continental Congress appoints John Adams to travel to France as minister plenipotentiary in charge of negotiating treaties of peace and commerce with Great Britain during the Revolutionary War.
Adams had traveled to Paris in 1778 to negotiate an alliance with France, but had been unceremoniously dismissed when Congress chose Benjamin Franklin as sole commissioner. Soon after returning to Massachusetts in mid-1779, Adams was elected as a delegate to the state convention to draw up a new constitution; he was involved in these duties when he learned of his new diplomatic commission. Accompanied by his young sons John Quincy and Charles, Adams sailed for Europe that November aboard the French ship Sensible, which sprang a leak early in the voyage and missed its original destination (Brest), instead landing at El Ferrol, in northwestern Spain. After an arduous journey by mule train across the Pyrenees and into France, Adams and his group reached Paris in early February 1780.
While in Paris, Adams wrote to Congress almost daily (sometimes several letters a day) sharing news about British politics, British and French naval activities and his general perspective on European affairs. Conditions were unfavorable for peace at the time, as the war was going badly for the Continental Army, and the blunt and sometimes confrontational Adams clashed with the French government, especially the powerful Foreign Minister Charles Gravier, Comte de Vergennes. In mid-June, Adams began a correspondence with Vergennes in which he pushed for French naval assistance, antagonizing both Vergennes and Franklin, who brought the matter to the attention of Congress.
By that time, Adams had departed France for Holland, where he was attempting to negotiate a loan from the Dutch. Before the end of the year, he was named American minister to the Netherlands, replacing Henry Laurens, who was captured at sea by the British. In June 1781, capitulating to pressure from Vergennes and other French diplomats, Congress acted to revoke Adams' sole powers as peacemaker with Britain, appointing Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, John Jay and Laurens to negotiate alongside him.
The tide of the war was turning in America's favor, and Adams returned to Paris in October 1782 to take up his part in the peace negotiations. As Jefferson didn't travel to Europe and Laurens was in failing health after his release from the Tower of London, it was left to Adams, Jay and Franklin to represent American interests. Adams and Jay both distrusted the French government (in contrast with Franklin), but their differences of opinion and diplomatic styles allowed the team to negotiate favorable terms in the Peace of Paris (1783). The following year, Jefferson arrived to take Adams' place as American minister to France, forming a lifelong bond with Adams and his family before the latter left to take up his new post as American ambassador to London and continue his distinguished record of foreign service on behalf of the new nation.
Subject: September 28, 1941: Ted Williams becomes last player to hit .400
On this day in 1941, the Boston Red Sox's Ted Williams plays a double-header against the Philadelphia Athletics on the last day of the regular season and gets six hits in eight trips to the plate, to boost his batting average to .406 and become the first player since Bill Terry in 1930 to hit .400. Williams, who spent his entire career with the Sox, played his final game exactly 19 years later, on September 28, 1960, at Boston's Fenway Park and hit a home run in his last time at bat, for a career total of 521 homeruns.
Williams was born on August 30, 1918, in San Diego, and began his major league career with the Red Sox in 1939. 1941 marked Williams' best season. In addition to his .406 batting average–no major league player since him has hit .400–the left fielder led the league with 37 homers, 135 runs and had a slugging average of .735. Also that season, Williams, whose nicknames included "The Splendid Splinter" and "The Thumper," had an on-base percentage of .553, a record that remained unbroken for 61 years, until Barry Bonds achieved a percentage of .582 in 2002.
In 1942, Williams won the American League Triple Crown, for highest batting average and most RBIs and homeruns. He duplicated the feat in 1947. In 1946 and 1949, he was named the American League's Most Valuable Player and in June 1960, he became the fourth player in major league history to hit 500 homers. He was selected to the All-Star team 17 times.
Williams played his last game on September 28, 1960, and retired with a lifetime batting average of .344, a .483 career on-base percentage and 2,654 hits. His achievements are all the more impressive because his career was interrupted twice for military service: Williams was a Marine Corps pilot during World War II and the Korean War and as a result missed a total of nearly five seasons from baseball.
Williams, who was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1966, managed the Washington Senators (renamed the Texas Rangers in 1972) from 1969 to 1972. In 1984, the Boston Red Sox retired his uniform number (nine). Williams died of cardiac arrest at age 83 on July 5, 2002, in Florida. In a controversial move, his son sent his father's body to be frozen at a cryonics laboratory.
Subject: September 29, 2005: Reporter Judith Miller released from prison
On this day in 2005, New York Times reporter Judith Miller is released from a federal detention center in Alexandria, Virginia, after agreeing to testify in the investigation into the leaking of the identity of covert CIA officer Valerie Plame. Miller had been behind bars since July 6, 2005, for refusing to reveal a confidential source and testify before a grand jury that was looking into the so-called Plame Affair. She decided to testify after the source she had been protecting, I. Lewis "Scooter" Libby, Vice President Dick Cheney's chief of staff, signed a waiver giving her permission to speak.
The Plame Affair dates back to a July 6, 2003 op-ed piece for the New York Times written by former U.S. diplomat Joseph Wilson, Plame's husband. In it, Wilson questioned the Bush Administration's reasons for going to war in Iraq. Later that month, on July 14, undercover agent Valerie Plame's identity was revealed in a newspaper column by Robert Novak. Wilson's claim that the disclosure was retaliation by the White House for his op-ed piece sparked an investigation in December 2003 led by special prosecutor Patrick Fitzgerald. A 1982 law made it illegal to reveal information about a covert agent to anyone not authorized to receive such classified information.
Fitzgerald interviewed President George W. Bush, Vice President Cheney and other top administration officials, along with various journalists. Although Miller hadn't written an article about Plame, she did meet with Libby shortly after Wilson's op-ed piece was published and Fitzgerald believed Miller had information that was relevant to his investigation.
After 85 days in jail, Miller was released and testified before a grand jury that prior to the Novak column, she had several discussions with Scooter Libby in which he talked about Plame. On November 9 of that same year, Miller announced her retirement from the Times after a 28-year career with the newspaper.
On March 6, 2007, Scooter Libby was convicted of obstruction of justice, perjury and making false statements to federal investigators in the Plame investigation. In June, he was sentenced to 30 months in federal prison and fined $250,000. However, one month later, on July 2, President George W. Bush commuted Libby's prison term before the ex-White House aide served any time.
Subject: September 30, 1954: USS Nautilus commissioned
The USS Nautilus, the world's first nuclear submarine, is commissioned by the U.S. Navy.
The Nautilus was constructed under the direction of U.S. Navy Captain Hyman G. Rickover, a brilliant Russian-born engineer who joined the U.S. atomic program in 1946. In 1947, he was put in charge of the navy's nuclear-propulsion program and began work on an atomic submarine. Regarded as a fanatic by his detractors, Rickover succeeded in developing and delivering the world's first nuclear submarine years ahead of schedule. In 1952, the Nautilus' keel was laid by President Harry S. Truman, and on January 21, 1954, first lady Mamie Eisenhower broke a bottle of champagne across its bow as it was launched into the Thames River at Groton, Connecticut. Commissioned on September 30, 1954, it first ran under nuclear power on the morning of January 17, 1955.
Much larger than the diesel-electric submarines that preceded it, the Nautilus stretched 319 feet and displaced 3,180 tons. It could remain submerged for almost unlimited periods because its atomic engine needed no air and only a very small quantity of nuclear fuel. The uranium-powered nuclear reactor produced steam that drove propulsion turbines, allowing the Nautilus to travel underwater at speeds in excess of 20 knots.
In its early years of service, the USS Nautilus broke numerous submarine travel records and in August 1958 accomplished the first voyage under the geographic North Pole. After a career spanning 25 years and almost 500,000 miles steamed, the Nautilus was decommissioned on March 3, 1980. Designated a National Historic Landmark in 1982, the world's first nuclear submarine went on exhibit in 1986 as the Historic Ship Nautilus at the Submarine Force Museum in Groton, Connecticut.


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Vendor Requirements
Vendor Criteria and Contract Requirements
Year 15 E-Rate, 2012-2013
The requirements outlined in this document will apply to all contracts entered into as a result of the posting of (2012-2013) E-rate Form 470/471.
Bids can be submitted within the 28-day posting period, but are not required until the 29th day, for each respective form 470.
All providers responding to the posted Form 470 are to be listed California Multiple Awards Schedule (CMAS) providers unless expressly noted otherwise in the quote or district's scope of description.
All State of California contractor licensing requirements for public schools apply. Any contractor providing work under these contracts shall have the appropriate license for the scope of work they are to perform. Cabling work requires a C-7 license.
These projects and services depend on partial funding from the E-rate program.
- We expect each vendor to make themselves thoroughly familiar with any rules or regulations regarding the E-rate program.
- All contracts entered into as a result of the posting of these Form 470s will be contingent upon the specific funding of said contract by the SLD at the at the percentage rate submitted for.
- The selected vendor will provide the district with the form 471 attachment. The vendor will construct the 471 attachment per the "preparing your item 21 attachment" information on the SLD web site:
The district will provide the appropriate E-rate program numbers i.e. 471 # and FRN.
- The non SLD funded portion of the percentage rate applicable to a particular form 471 is the maximum that the district will be liable for. This amount is the pre-discount amount minus the funded amount as shown on the form 471 block 5. The vendor will be responsible to bill the Schools and Libraries Division(SLD) for the funded amount.
- NO billing or work can take place until July 1, 2012.
- The contractor is responsible for providing a valid spin, (Service Provider Identification Number) with the quotes in addition to 3 K-12 references.
- All work is subject to the 100% approval of the project or purchase by the FCC under the E-rate discount program of the Federal Communications Act of 1996. Adjustments made to the funding requests by the SLD may result in a subsequent reduction in the scope of the project or purchase to which the funding request relates. The district reserves the right to proceed or not to proceed with any project, service or purchase outlined in the posted form 470's irrespective of whether they are funded or not.
- Any change orders for labor required or requested and approved by the district during the work resulting from this posting shall be paid on a time and materials basis at CMAS contract rates.
- Additional terms and conditions are delineated in the specifications referenced in the 470's.
- The vendor may be required to send copies of all forms and invoices submitted to SLD to the district for our records.
- Vendors submitting a quote for the posted equipment MUST use the posted information in their quote. If the quote is not filled out completely including vendor spin, district or school name, the full part numbers, per item pricing, quantities, and extrapolated pricing per line, tax, shipping and totals both sub and final total the quote may be considered non-responsive. The eligible and ineligible components of any partially eligible product or service must be listed as such and break out pricing for these items must be provided. Provide the eligible components listed together with above required information and totals and provide a separate list of in-eligible components delineated the same way. The in-eligible component list must be clearly notes as in-eligible and the contract totals must only include eligible products or services. The CMAS contract number and the relevant page number for each item must be listed. All equipment posted as "electronics" or "servers" is for drop ship only, no installation is requested. (unless stated on that specific web page)
All vendors will be responsible for procuring the discounted amount from the SLD, contracting districts will not provide the form 472 (Bear form reimbursement process).
The district reserves the right to terminate any or all contracts or agreements resulting from the 470 postings even if funded by the SLD with a 30 day notice to the parties. The final scope of projects or purchases resulting from these postings will be determined by the purchase order issued after the FCDL is issued by the SLD. This issue is addressed further in the contract documents. The district reserves the right to accept the pricing proposal solely dependent upon SLD approval.
Prospective vendors will be required to submit three references, at the time of walk-through, (if applicable) with a portfolio describing experience with comparable projects in the K-12 customer market, the appropriate CMAS contract, and their SPIN number. Vendors must meet the following qualifications in order to be considered:
- Vendor must provide educational discount pricing or better.
- Cabling contractors employees working at K-12 schools must have fingerprinted identification that meets or exceeds California educational standards. In addition, if sub contractors are used for cabling; work done by sub contractors must meet the following conditions:
A. Must meet all of the same criteria as a primary contractor outlined in our overall vendor requirements.
B. Sub Contractors must be identified when providing the quote for 471 purposes.
C. Educational entity reserves the right to reject the use on any particular subcontractor(s) at its discretion.
D. At the time of quote submission the following details must be provided: Company name, State contracting license number, license type, CMAS number if appropriate and three references for work done in the K-12 schools that are equal or greater in scope than that which is being quoted.
- All product pricing provided for 471 purposes must be functional equivalent or better once the District has received SLD application approval for purchasing. The vendor/supplier must receive approval from the SLD for this substitution.
- Vendor must provide a copy of the CMAS contract summary page that verifies your company as an authorized vendor for the goods and services they are quoting.
- Vendor must pay any CMAS contract usage fee. (Current rate approx. 2.93%). The CMAS fee must be paid on the total cost of the contract for the goods or services being provided. A purchase order will be issued once the FCDL is issued by the SLD for a particular FRN. A copy of that purchase order will be sent to the contractor/vendor and the CMAS program listing the contractor/vendor billing information
If Providing Cable Work
- If providing cable work, prefer RCDD certified work.
- If providing cable work, as-built diagrams electronic and paper copies and cable test results must be provided within 45 days of completion of work.
- If providing cabling work, must have C7 License.
- If providing cabling work, vendor must be certified to provide a 15-year labor and material warranty for CAT 6.
Right to Reject Any and All Quotes
We reserve the right to reject any or all proposals and to waive any informalities or regularities. The vendor's submission of a proposal is recognition of this right.
In addition, the district reserves the right to fund, (proceed with project or purchase) or not to fund regardless of E-rate approval.
Responses must be provided on the 29th day of the posting by 12:00 p.m. (note: Due date will be determined for cabling at the walk-through- )
Quotes must correspond to each 470 request.


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"Thank you so much Jan for all your help in planning our special day - it was a magical fairytale - amazing!!!
Cathy and Bill


text: Portrait Photography Gallery click any image below to view fully & open slide show KIND WORDS FROM CLIENTS "I chose Ellen as the photographer for my son's Bar Mitzvah and for my daughter's head-shots. The photos from the Bar Mitzvah blew me away! She captured the joy and exuberance of the event, and the youthful sweetness of the young guests. Every time I look at the photos I feel the same happiness and pride I felt on that day. These aren't just photos; they are works of art. .... I met Ellen through charitable work that she is involved with so I already knew she had a very strong work ethic. Her photography is further evidence that she strives for excellence!"Kirsten"Great photos!!!!!! Wow!!!!!! Could not be happier!"Debbie"Amazing!!! I so enjoyed looking at those (made for a very unproductive hour at work however! :) )! You did an incredible job! It looks like we threw a pretty fun party as well!! .... Thank you also for nudging us in the direction of family shots. I'm so grateful that we took those pictures before the party--we would absolutely never have gotten them during, so thank you! I am so glad that you were our photographer and will certainly champion you to my friends/acquaintances that have upcoming functions. You made me feel like we were in great hands throughout the process and totally kept this part stress free for me, which was awesome."Deborah View Additional Portfolios click an image below to enter gallery of your choice portrait gallery bar/bat mitzvah gallery wedding gallery Contact me today to capture the heart of your moments! I'm looking forward to connecting with you.


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Holiday greetings
Do you still get any holiday postcards? If not, why not have a look at Adolf Feller's collection of postcards (external link) in our image database? There are about 54,000 picture postcards dating from 1889 to 1980. Some 15,000 motifs come from Switzerland, and the remaining cards show images from over 140 other countries.


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Global Biogenic Stimulant Market Research Report 2018 contains historic data that spans 2013 to 2017, and then continues to forecast to 2025. That makes this report so invaluable, resources, for the leaders as well as the new entrants in the Industry
Global Biogenic Stimulant Market report is replete with detailed analysis from a thorough research, especially on questions that border on market size, development environment, futuristic developments, operation situation, pathways and trend of Biogenic Stimulant. All these are offshoots of understanding the current situation that the industry is in, especially in 2018.
The will chart the course for a more comprehensive organization and discernment of the competition situation in the Biogenic Stimulant market. As this will help manufacturers and investors alike, to have a better understanding of the direction in which the Biogenic Stimulant Market is headed.
Complete Report Available at www.themarketreports.com/report/gl…earch-report-2018
With this Biogenic Stimulant Market report, one is sure to keep up with information on the dogged competition for market share and control, between elite manufacturers. It also features, price, production, and revenue.
It is where you will understand the politics and tussle of gaining control of a huge chunk of the market share. As long as you are in search of key Industry data and information that can readily be accessed, you can rest assured that this report got them covered.
Key companies profiled in this report are BASF SE, Dow Agrosciences, Dupont, Novozymes A/S, Isagro SAP, Sapec Group, Platform Specialty Products Corporation, Biolchim S.P.A, Valagro SAP, Koppert B.V, Biostadt India Limited, Italpollina SAP, Huma Gro and others.
Access complete report at: www.themarketreports.com/report/1094357
When taking a good look at this report, based on the product, it is evident that the report shows the rate of production, price, revenue, and market share as well as of the growth of each product type. And emphasis is laid on the end users, as well as on the applications of the product.
It is one report that hasn't shied away from taking a critical look at the current status and future outlook for the consumption/sales of these products, by the end users and applications. Not forgetting the market share control and growth rate of Biogenic Stimulant Industry, per application.
Inquire About This Report at www.themarketreports.com/report/ask-your-query/1094357
List of Chapters:
1 Biogenic Stimulant Market Overview
2 Global Biogenic Stimulant Market Competitions by Manufacturers
3 Global Biogenic Stimulant Capacity, Production, Revenue (Value) by Region (2013-2018)
4 Global Biogenic Stimulant Supply (Production), Consumption, Export, Import by Region (2013-2018)
5 Global Biogenic Stimulant Production, Revenue (Value), Price Trend by Type
6 Global Biogenic Stimulant Market Analysis by Application
7 Global Biogenic Stimulant Manufacturers Profiles/Analysis
8 Biogenic Stimulant Manufacturing Cost Analysis
9 Industrial Chain, Sourcing Strategy and Downstream Buyers
10 Marketing Strategy Analysis, Distributors/Traders
11 Market Effect Factors Analysis
12 Global Biogenic Stimulant Market Forecast (2018-2025)
13 Research Findings and Conclusion
14 Appendix
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Switch: How to Change Things When Change Is Hard
Chip Heath and Dan Heath
Description and Reviews
From The Publisher:
Why is it so hard to make lasting changes in our companies, in our communities, and in our own lives?
The Heath brothers (coauthors of Made to Stick) address motivating employees, family members, and ourselves in their analysis of why we too often fear change. Change is not inherently frightening, but our ability to alter our habits can be complicated by the disjunction between our rational and irrational minds: the self that wants to be swimsuit-season ready and the self that acquiesces to another slice of cake anyway. The trick is to find the balance between our powerful drives and our reason. The authors' lessons are backed up by anecdotes that deal with such things as new methods used to reform abusive parents, the revitalization of a dying South Dakota town, and the rebranding of megastore Target. Through these lively examples, the Heaths speak energetically and encouragingly on how to modify our behaviors and businesses. This clever discussion is an entertaining and educational must-read for executives and for ordinary citizens looking to get out of a rut. (Mar.)
Reader's Index
Send us your favorite quotes or passages from this book.
About the Authors
Chip Heath is the Thrive Foundation for Youth Professor of Organizational Behaviour at Stanford University's Graduate School of Business. Dan Heath is a consultant to the Aspen Institute. Together, they are the authors of the national bestseller Made to Stick: Why Some Ideas Survive and Others Die. They write a regular column in Fast Company magazine, and have appeared on Today, NPR's Morning Edition, MSNBC, CNBC, and have been featured in Time, People and US News and World Report. --This text refers to an out of print or unavailable edition of this title.
Table of Contents
Customer Reviews
Write your own online review.
Required reading for leaders December 14, 2009
Reviewer: M L Woods from Greenville, OH USA
Am currently reading the pre-release version of the book. As someone who develops strategy with the goal of radically improving behavior, I have found this book extremely valuable. It will help you drive your organization from sustained behavior to transformed behavior.
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Made to Stick: Why Some Ideas Survive and Others Die
The Happiness Hypothesis: Finding Modern Truth in Ancient Wisdom
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According to his mother, 'Harry' as he is affectionately known, learned to walk at 10 months by making a beeline for the record player. Ever since then he's been completely hooked on music. In his early childhood he had an overwhelming desire to play the drums, and used whack his Mam's knitting needles on boxes and cushions, playing along with his records. He decided then, aged 5 that this was undoubtedly what he wanted to do. Soon after leaving school in the summer of 1980, a vacancy came up for a drummer in local band 'Exit 43', a band that included some of his mates. Not wishing to miss out on this opportunity, he borrowed £200 for a drum kit and immediately joined the band. Over the next 10 years, 'Exit 43' gigged the North West club/pub circuit .
As a result of one of the 'NCI' demo sessions Harry was asked to record a TV advert with North-East punk rock band 'Toy Dolls', They recorded an adapted version of their hit 'Nelly the Elephant' in promotion of kid's breakfast cereal 'Readybrek'. This advert appeared on tv regularly in the 1980's.
Soon after, Harry was involved in a Border TV series called 'Border Ballads'. In 2002, Harry was lured back onto the drums when he met a Carlisle musician from 'Locoweed'; a Carlisle band who were looking for a drummer. Since then, Harry has been back on the sticks with vengeance and hasn't looked back


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Authors Name: Cathy Rutivi
Organisation(s) name: Consumers International, Africa
Contact: crutivi[at]rocketmail.com
Website: www.consumersinternational.org
My country
My country Zimbabwe is a land locked country in southern Africa that borders South Africa, Mozambique, Botswana and Zambia. Zimbabwe gained its independence from Great Britain in 1980 and it has been ruling for the past 28 years! At independence, the Zimbabwe dollar was 1Z$=2US$ and now with 1 US$ you get approximately 150 million Z$. Zimbabwe was once called the breadbasket of the SADC region in the 1980s and 1990s but it is now a net food importer. It has the worst inflation in the world with an annual official inflation of 165,000%, but is believed to be around 400,000%. Zimbabwe has been a nation in crisis in the last 8 years due to a variety of factors that include the politics of land reform. The taking over of white commercial farms for redistribution to blacks has contributed to Zimbabwe being a pariah state in the eyes of western nations. This has had a negative impact on the economy creating difficulties for Zimbabwean people.
Zimbabwe has had 3 elections since 2000; however the 2008 presidential and parliamentary elections have been the defining moment in Zimbabwe's political transition. Many issues featured in the electoral campaigns, of which the economic issues, service delivery, and land reform were key. But four weeks after the much awaited elections in Zimbabwe, there are still no presidential results. This has brought a lot of stress related illnesses, anxiety, loss of hope and uncertainty among Zimbabweans of all works of life.
People's hopes have now been eroded, and we may continue to suffer because the agriculture season was very bad, the crops failed, and there is no food now, which is the harvest season. We do not think there will be enough food to last us till the next season in March next year. All Zimbabweans now do is wait and pray and hope for God's intervention.
Some of our people young and old are now leaving the country to neighbouring countries in search of food and work. Some are running away from the post election violence against rural and urban people. Most of us would like to remain in our country as we have great hope in it and believe that as citizens we can make the change we desire and want. My people are strong, resilient and capable to overcome adversity. It is through the power of education and hard work that has kept us going. We believe things will turn around and be normal again. We have become the laughing stock of the SADC region but despite the future looking bleak, I think that the best is beyond the horizon.
Right now my country is going through the worst kind of economic crisis in the history of mankind. Having an economy that is almost collapsing is quite unimaginable, with unemployment of over 80%. Zimbabwean people however, wake up every day to go into the streets, to our work to try and get what we can find and feed ourselves and our children. Money has ceased to have value anymore, with personal budgets running into trillions and quadrillions of dollars. Most people here are now poor 'billionaires' and trillionaires. Everyday the exchange rates to major currencies move up and down responding to the parallel market forces. Many people ask why Zimbabweans have not taken to the streets and revolted. They may think that we are too passive but we have seen war before. We had guerrilla warfare in the 1970s and people in urban and rural areas all felt the brunt of the war. We are tired of violence and if by not revolting we are called passive then we would rather remain that until we get an answer from God. We believe that God loves Zimbabwe and has the right answer for our country. In the meantime we wait for the election outcome and watch the inflation figures add more zeros…..But we wait in great anticipation…..
My family
Hello to you all! I am Cathy and I live in Harare, Zimbabwe. I was born in Masvingo which is the oldest city in Zimbabwe. I look forward to meeting and interacting with you all at this forum. I am a single mother of a 15 year old boy named Itai, (which means to do) who is in his 3rd year of high school. He is a sport fanatic, he loves and plays cricket and rugby at school and he hopes to become a professional cricketer or a lawyer. I go to church to keep my hopes and dreams alive. I am not a negative person so I spend a lot of my time surrounded by friends and colleagues who give me joy in debates on national and family issues. I get my inspiration from my spiritual mother who has raised six children after my father passed on in 1977. I am the youngest in my family of five (three sisters and a brother, after loosing my elder brother in 1998) and as the baby I always got what I wanted. My favourite holiday is Christmas – family time; as all my sisters, brother and their families all congregate at my mother's house in Masvingo and we sing, talk, laugh, cook and share exciting events in our lives. I also have great friends, at home and some scattered across the world who have been a part of my life. I value their support and friendship very much as this has kept me going.
My work
My work has been centred on Consumer issues. I am excited about preserving the planet and its biodiversity. I am passionate about ensuring that the consumer voice is heard and listened to by those that make policies and decisions that affect consumers' daily lives. This is a priority for the Consumer movement and my organisation. I also love informing youths that include my son, his friends and relatives about consumer issues, this allows me to further develop my knowledge and disseminate issues at a relaxed level to tomorrow's leaders.
My organisation
Consumers International (CI) is a federation of consumer groups dedicated to the protection and promotion of consumers' rights worldwide through empowering national consumer organisations and campaigning at the international level. It currently represents over 230 organisations in 113 countries. In the past few years CI has been working on the GMO issue through participation in the global debate, launching and mounting regional campaigns, in different parts of the world and lobbying governments to take precaution until safety is assured.
In Africa successful campaigns were undertaken in creating awareness to consumers. The consumers' concerns largely revolve around their right to safety and healthy environments and the right information and choice. Consumer organisations, in partnership with other civil society organisations have done a tremendous job and have achieved a number of notable successes in delaying the spread of GMOs or GM products before the necessary safety checks and measures have been put in place. CI is currently working to increase the prioritisation of biosafety in the developing world for the benefit of biodiversity and consumer health and safety and to enable consumers to exercise their right to access a healthy sustainable environment, to choose and to be informed, and to be skilful advocates of their own interests in this area. This is also aimed at building the capacity of consumer organisations in the developing world to play a leading role in ensuring implementation of the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety (CPB), particularly with respect to public awareness and participation, the Biosafety Clearing House and risk assessment and risk management, as well as effective national legislative frameworks.
My major event a couple of weeks ago
It was just after the Easter holidays and the most significant thing that happened during this break is that my mother, aunt and I visited my great aunt (my maternal grandfather's sister) who lives some 300kms away from me in Bikita village further south in Masvingo Province. I had the adventure of the peaceful village life for that short while. She is the only surviving member in her family. We are not sure of her age but based on others her age is estimated to be around 95 years old! I hope I got those genes! My great aunt was very pleased to see her nieces Regina and Helena (that's my mother and her younger sister) and of course myself. I had to be introduced as 'the last born of Regina' for her to situate me. I cursed myself for having left my camera, this would have been a great memory for my mother and myself as I do not know if I will ever get a chance to see her alive again. But it was a great opportunity to be around her and to see how she tried to remember some of the people and events that had taken place in her life as she discussed with mother and aunt.
She is now quite old and frail and small but she still walks on her own. Her favourite past time is spent sitting around a fire in her small kitchen hut. She reminded me a lot of my own late maternal grandmother who also lived to be 90 years. I am blessed to come from such a family. The challenge for me now is how do I take care of my self, and watch what I consume so that I can have the same opportunity. I ask myself constantly how I should take care of my environment and preserve it for my future generations. As I look at these two old ladies' lives, how they have lived their lives as compared to mine, I can only hope that I will look back and reflect one day with my own grandchildren. I hope then that the earth would still be a better place to live. In the next days to come on 7th May I will turn 40 years old, another great milestone in my life. In Zimbabwe life expectancy for an adult is about 35 years old so I am blessed to be alive and healthy. This birthday means a lot to me as I have exceeded life expectancy here and is reason enough to celebrate it all year with my family and friends.
On a lighter note….
This is one of my favourite meals and the vegetables are grown on most gardens in Zimbabwe. My friends Carol and Mabel came by and we shared the meal together. When we eat our food with friends, it always tastes better eating from the same plate as we love arguing about who has taken more meat or vegetables than others! That keeps us close as friends. After a long trip away from home I always look forward to this meal especially after consuming processed and foods sold and served by hotels and airplanes.
And finally…
My dreams are for a better tomorrow for my people and a secure future for our children in my country. I will continue to work hard to survive these challenges and hopefully live long enough to tell great stories to my grandchildren!
As an African I will continue to appreciate the diversity that exist and recognise the different cultures and values of all, and hopefully through understanding and relating with each other we can continue to shape a better world for those ahead of us. Together we should strive to safeguard the planet through biodiversity based agriculture to ensure environmental sustainability and provision of safe food for consumers, and livelihoods security for many generations to come, and I believe that urgent change must start with us here and now!


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Q: What is a bass harmonica?
A: Extending the description in part 1 and from "Bass Harmonica" 30 Aug 94 WY:
Hohner Bass No. 265 is a two octave instrument, Low E (same as on a bass guitar) and two octaves up. All the notes are blow, and have second reeds tuned an octave higher to give the note more bite.
There is an Extended Bass (Hohner No. 268) that goes on up to C a sixth above the high E on the regular bass. This is a HEAVY instrument.
The Bass is actually two separate bodies, with one placed above the other, with the two held together by hinges on both sides, allowing you to angle the two mouthpieces in towards each other, or out away from each other.
The bottom row has all the natural notes - it's just a C major scale, running from E to E.
The top row is not in C# as you might expect. It's in Gb. Why?
Well, the primary activity in most simple bass lines is to play the root and the fifth of the chord. it's easier to move between these notes if they're on the same row. Most chords have perfect fifths. The C scale does not give you a perfect 5th above B (F is a diminished 5th). B doesn't even occur in the C# major scale, so this would be a poor choice. The B major scale would not give you a perfect 5th on (or Bb), so that's out, too.
It just happens that the C scale and the Gb scale in combination give you all the perfect 5ths on one row or the other.
here is the layout for the regular bass:
F Gb Ab Bb B Db Eb F Gb Ab Bb B Db Eb
Note how the hole placements are staggered, to put the flat/sharp notes in between the natural notes.
Both F and B are duplicated. The Extended bass continues this pattern up to concert Middle C (written an octave higher - bass and guitar are both written an octave higher than they sound) -- "Bass Harmonica" 30 Aug 94 WY


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At some stage in my career, I've probably worked with someone just like you. Which is great, because it means when we work together you'll get an excellent result for your project.
- Worked on large content strategy projects for the University of Auckland, Bauer Media, MetLife, the Queensland Department of Education and Training, the Queensland Ombudsman, Legal Aid Queensland, Sunsuper and ResMed.
- Delivered customised writing workshops for Tourism and Events Queensland, Queensland Department of Transport and Main Roads, Rio Tinto Procurement, Livingstones Australia, and Brisbane Marketing.
- Developed and facilitated a content strategy workshop for UQ Sport.
- Presented at UX Poland, Confab Minneapolis, Interactive Minds, Networx, Confab London, Web Directions RESPOND, EMSA and Brisbane Content Strategy Group events. (See some of my presentations on Slideshare.)
- Developed an information architecture for State Library Queensland and Arts Queensland.
- Been interviewed for the Australian Businesswomen's Network podcast series on The Power of a Strong Web Content Strategy and Four-i's podcast series on Web Writing (episode 15).
- Guest lectured at the Queensland University of Technology.
I've also written content for:
- Suncorp's Million Dollar Woman brand (website, PDS, Policy Document, claim letters and forms).
- The Mater Foundation's Share the Love campaign (website and emails).
- Novotel's business centre (ad copy).
- Urban Play's website (and supporting brochures).
- Ezidebit's website (and supporting corporate brochure).
- Powerlink's website.
- Ninefold landing pages.
And I'm super proud to be mentioned in:
- Author Experience: Bridging the gap between people and technology in content management
- The Digital Crown: Winning at Content on the Web
- Content Strategy at Work: Real-world Stories to Strengthen Every Interactive Project
- Clout: The Art and Science of Influential Web Content (Voices That Matter)
(all available from Amazon).
If you'd like any information about specific projects I have worked on, get in touch.