text:
|Artificial satellite communication system
|Medium-earth-altitute satellite-based cellular telecommunications
|Horstein et al.
|Elliptical orbit satellite, system, and deployment with controllable coverage characteristics
|Castiel et al.
|Satellite cellular telephone and data communication system at an inclined orbit
|Medium-earth-altitude satellite-based cellular telecommunications
|Horstein et al.
|Satellite continuous coverage constellations
a plurality of satellite positions representing the maximum number of satellites that may be included in the coordinatable system of inclined geosynchronous satellite orbits to achieve optimum satellite coverage during a specified period within a specified service area;
each satellite position being located in one of a plurality of satellite orbits forming one of a plurality of families of satellite orbits;
each of the plurality of satellite orbits within any one of the plurality of families of satellite orbits defining an orbital plane having a unique inclination with respect to the equatorial a plane of the Earth and with respect to the orbital plane of any other one of the plurality of satellite orbits within the same family of satellite orbits;
the plurality of satellite orbits within any one of the plurality of families of satellite orbits having identical apogees;
loci of subsatellite points repeatedly traced upon the surface of the Earth by a straight line extending from the center of the Earth to an orbiting satellite position generating an imaginary ground track on the surface of the Earth;
the ground track traced by orbiting satellite positions within any one of the plurality of families of satellite orbits defining an area therewithin that differs from the area defined within the ground track traced by orbiting satellite positions within any other family of satellite orbits;
the ground tracks being mutually and generally symmetrically nested about a first longitude of symmetry to form a first set of ground tracks; and
the satellite positions within each of the plurality of families of satellite orbits being coordinated with each other and being further coordinated with the satellite positions to achieve a minimum specified angular separation between satellites occupying the plurality of satellite positions and using the same frequencies.
specifying at least one geographic service within which satellite coverage is to be provided;
specifying a period during which satellite coverage is to be optimized;
defining a plurality of families of satellite orbits, each satellite orbit defining the path of a satellite position, each satellite orbit in each of the plurality of families of satellite orbits defining an orbital plane having a unique inclination with respect to the equatorial plane of the Earth and with respect to the orbital plane of any other one of the plurality of a satellite orbits within the same family of satellite orbits, the plurality of satellite orbits within any one of the plurality of families of satellite orbits having identical apogees, loci of subsatellite points repeatedly traced upon the surface of the Earth by a straight line extending from the center of the Earth to an orbiting satellite position generating an imaginary ground track on the surface of the Earth, the ground track traced by orbiting satellite positions within any one of the plurality of families of satellite orbits defining an area therewithin that differs from the area defined within the ground track traced by orbiting satellite positions within any other family of satellite orbits;
configuring each satellite orbit in each of the plurality of families of satellite orbits so that the ground tracks are mutually and generally symmetrically nested about a first longitude of symmetry to form a first set of ground tracks;
determining a maximum number of satellites, and thus of satellite orbits, that may be included in each of the plurality of families of satellite orbits and determining the shape and geographic position of each ground track to achieve minimum specified angular separation between satellite positions using the same frequencies and to achieve optimum satellite coverage during the specified period in the at least one service area specified; and
coordinating the position of satellites in satellite orbits in accordance with the determined maximum number of satellite positions and the minimum specified angular separation therebetween.
This invention related generally to coordinatable systems of geosynchronous satellite orbits and particularly to such systems wherein planes defined by the satellite orbits are inclined with respect to the Earth's equatorial plane and wherein the satellites are respectively phased in a systematically coordinated fashion that enables and promotes frequency re-use.
Satellites in geostationary orbits (GSO's) have been widely preferred for several decades because of the economic advantages afforded by such orbits. In a geostationary orbit, a satellite traveling above the Earth's equator, in the same direction as that in which the Earth is rotating, and at the same angular velocity, appears stationary relative to a point on the Earth. These satellites are always "in view" at all locations within their service areas, so their utilization efficiency is effectively 100 percent. Antennas on Earth need be aimed at a CSO satellite only once; no tracking system is required.
Coordination between GSO's and with terrestrial services is facilitated by designated allocation of designated "slots" angularly separated according to service type.
Given the desirability of geostationary satellite orbits and the fact that there are only a finite number of available "slots" in the geostationary "belt," the latter has been essentially saturated with satellites operating in desirable frequency bands up through the Ku-band (up to 18 GHz). As a result, the government has been auctioning the increasingly scarce remaining slots. This has encouraged the development of complex and expensive new systems including those using low Earth orbits (LEO's), medium Earth orbits (MEO's), and higher frequencies, for example, the Ka-band (up to (approximately) 40 GHz).
Growth to higher frequencies is limited by difficult problems of technology and propagation, and expansion in satellite applications requires exploitation of the spatial dimension (i.e., above and below the GSO belt). A host of proposed LEO and MEO systems exemplify this direction.
The recently filed LEO and MEO system applications, however, introduce a significant problem. Frequency coordination and sharing are made difficult by the unstructured criss-crossings of the lines of sight of these systems. This has the potential of severely impeding effective spectrum use with nongeostationary orbits (NGSO) in general.
There has been no known prior effort to exploit coordinatable systems of inclined geosynchronous orbits (IGO's) in systematic manner, even though the unused domain of inclined geosynchronous orbits offers great potential for the coordinatable growth of satellite service.
The prior art that bears the closest resemblance to the disclosed invention is the original, 12-hour, elliptic orbit, Soviet communications satellites (Molniya 1A, April 1965) that shared a common ground track with three or four satellites per group. Over the years, a number of Cosmos satellites employed these highly elliptic Molniya orbits (44,000 kn apogee, 400 km perigee, inclined 63 degrees to minimize apsidal drift) for military purposes. Significant differences and limitations (compared with the present invention) of these 12-hour orbits include unavoidable intertrack crossings that prohibit coordinatable growth, low coverage efficiency for a given region, limited operating life due to the atmospheric drag attending a low-perigee orbit, and radiation belt tranversal. The 12-hour period also requires handoff at least four times daily. For these reasons, these orbits do not lend themselves to a large coordinated system with region focus.
Listings of current orbital parameters show many older satellites that have deteriorated into inclined geosynchronous orbits, but this is due simply to the exhaustion of station-keeping fuel.
While the various prior techniques function with a certain degree of competence, none discloses the advantages of the coordinatable system of geosynchronous satellite orbits of the present invention as is hereinafter more fully described.
An object of the present invention is to provide a framework for the growth of geosynchronous satellite services accommodating multiple service operations.
Another object is to enable frequency re-use of spectrum from regional (geosynchronous) satellites in an easily coordinated manner analogous to that of geostationary services.
Yet another object is to avoid or delay the technical and financial challenges of moving to still higher frequencies for expansion.
Still another object is to provide predominately specific hemispheric or regional coverage rather than global coverage.
An additional object is to provide a satellite system having a greater utilization efficiency than systems using low Earth orbits (LEO's) and systems using medium Earth orbits (MEO's).
An advantage of the present invention is that it provides an expanded use of spectrum up through C, Ku- and Ka-bands, using predominately off-the-shelf hardware.
Another advantage is that the present invention avoids difficulties in frequency coordination and spectrum re-use, which are encountered with lower altitude (LEO and MEO) orbits.
A feature of the present invention is that it provides an orderly method for expanding the capacity of coordinatable orbit space by a large factor, in numbers exceeding the capacity of the geostationary (GSO) belt.
Another feature of the present invention is that it is capable of being tailored to center a service window for a specific service region with respect to an optimum time of day.
In realizing the aforementioned and other objects, advantages and features of the satellite communications system of the present invention, a plurality of coordinated and synchronized sets of moving "slots," each of which is a potential satellite location, is established.
The objects, advantages and features of the present invention are readily apparent from the following detailed description of the best mode for carrying out the invention when taken in connection with the accompanying drawings.
A more complete appreciation of the invention and many of the attendant advantages and features thereof may be readily obtained by reference to the following detailed description when considered with the accompanying drawings in which like reference characters indicate corresponding parts in all the views, wherein:
FIG. 1 is a graphic representation of an equirectangular projection map showing a possible set of multiple satellite ground tracks associated with satellite orbits populated by a plurality of satellites;
FIG. 2 is a graphic representation, in polar coordinates, of a portion of the ground tracks of FIG. 1 as viewed from a specific ground site;
FIG. 3 is a graphic representation of several possible ground track shapes as a function of eccentricity;
FIG. 4 is a graphic representation of several other possible ground track shapes as a function of argument of perigee;
FIG. 5 is a graphic representation of multiple satellites, increasing the system capacity, in a ground track at an instant in time, key parameters being indicated;
FIG. 6 is a graphic representation of multiple, multiple-occupied ground tracks, increasing the system capacity, spaced in longitude of symmetry;
FIG. 7 is a graphic representation of multiple, multiple-occupied ground tracks, increasing the system capacity, spaced in longitude;
FIG. 8 is a graphic representation of an alternate set of longitudinally spaced sets of multiple, multiple-occupied ground tracks; and
FIG. 9 is a graphic representation of the elevation angle advantage of an inclined geosynchronous orbit over a stationary orbit.
The objects, features and advantages of the present invention are readily apparent from the following detailed description of the best mode for carrying out the invention when taken in connection with the accompanying drawing figures.
The essence of the present invention is the establishment of multiple sets of ground tracks that are interspersed, interleaved, and/or otherwise spaced on the Earth and are populated with multiple moving slots in a manner that maximizes the possible number of slots while maintaining a specified minimum angular separation between any two active slots at all times.
In the present invention, the coordinatable system of geosynchronous (24-hour), inclined, and slightly elliptical satellite orbits, enables spectrum re-use by forming "highways" of moving "slots" in the latitudes above and below the geostationary belt worldwide. Each of a plurality of repeating ground tracks, or highways, is shared by multiple satellite orbits, and thus slots, each phased to achieve minimum specified angular separation from other slots using the same frequencies.
Ground tracks are imaginary lines representing the loci of subsatellite points that are repeatedly traced on the surface of the Earth by lines extending from the center of the Earth to orbiting satellites. Ground track (and thus orbital) parameters are chosen to realize specified shapes and are located at specified longitudes of symmetry to maximize the total number of slots with consideration being given to specified constraints on separation angle, service area coverage, elevation angle and time coverage. Longitude of symmetry is a line of longitude about which a ground track is symmetrically disposed.
Multiple satellite systems, engaged in communications businesses, sensing, navigation, and the like, operate as constituent systems within the context of this highway structure with a minimum of coordination, as contrasted with the difficulties of frequency sharing experienced with low Earth orbit (LEO) and medium Earth orbit (MEO) systems, and are freed from the capacity limits of the geostationary belt.
Preconfiguration of the elements of the satellite communications system of the present invention allows for an initial, partial coverage of a specified geographic region and for a systematic continuation of expansion over time until maximum capacity is reached. The systematic expansion provides predictable satellite positions and facilitates the coordination of all frequency bands with those of other communication stations, space, terrestrial and mobile, to provide a variety of services.
The constituent satellites communications systems in this mode perform with a greater utilization efficiency than systems using low Earth orbit and medium Earth orbit systems. The latter necessarily tranverse oceans approximately 75 percent of the time, but the present system has a utilization efficiency of at least 50 percent.
The present coordinatable system provides for constituent systems to cover a specific range of longitudes rather than global coverage. This allows service to be specifically targeted and also allows incremental growth tailored to chosen market areas. The system is also designed to specifically position a service window to best advantage at an optimum time for a service region, with a design bias of hemispheric-specific (north-south) visibility arising from eccentricity.
For purposes of this disclosure, it should be understood that specific numerical values are introduced as examples and not as final design values. It should also be understood that, while potential orbits of a multiplicity of satellites are defined, moving slots are in fact being defined, each slot being capable of hosting at least one satellite, but which might be vacant or might contain one or more satellites of various service classes. For simplicity, the terms "satellite" and "slot" are used interchangeably herein.
Shown by FIG. 1 of the drawings is a graphic representation of a possible set of multiple satellite ground tracks, each potentially populated by multiple geosynchronous satellites. The background is an equirectangular-projection map of a major portion of the Earth, with the equator being represented by latitude line zero. The angular distances between adjacent lines of latitude are 20 degrees and those between adjacent meridians (at the equator) are 50 degrees. Inscribed upon this background are multiple ground tracks 11 in sets generally indicated by reference numeral 12.
FIG. 2 is a view from an observation position on the Earth's surface (at 50 degrees north and 0 degrees longitude) of the paths satellites associated with the ground tracks shown by FIG. 1 trace across the sky. Shown is the central set (also respectively indicated by reference numerals 11 and 12 for convenient comparison) and the outermost track of each of the sets 12 laterally disposed with respect thereto. The polar view places north at the top and east at the left; lines of constant elevation angle are circles about the origin (zenith, 90 degreed), and the horizon (zero elevation) is the outer circle.
An inherent measure of quality for any system of satellite positions is the minimum angular spacing between any two active satellites. This requirement differs according to the type of service due to associated antenna sizes; for example, the GSO Ku-band spacing is generally 2 degrees for Fixed Satellite Service (FSS) and 9 degrees for Broadcast Satellite Service (BSS). The structure of the present invention may have to be configured differently, for example, for use in more than one frequency band, to accommodate such diverse business applications.
The separation angle between two satellites is preferably expressed as viewed from the center of the Earth, which underbounds the values of the angle as seen from any point on the Earth's surface (and in particular from within a given service area) in sight of the two satellites. Herein, this minimum desired spacing is designated as φ.
As shown by FIG'S. 1 and 2, the coordinatable system of the present invention, generally indicated by reference numeral 10, includes a plurality of ground tracks 12, accommodating coordinated sets of satellites, representative examples of which are indicated by reference numerals 14 (FIG. 2). Each set includes at least one satellite 14. All satellites 14 operate in geosynchronous orbits about the Earth. For reference purposes, in FIG'S. 2 and 9, the geostationary belt is indicated by plus (+) characters.
As mentioned, the path traveled by a satellite 14 in each orbit projects a respective imaginary ground track 11 upon the surface of the Earth. The maximum latitude attained by each ground track is equal to the inclination of the respective orbit. The set of satellites 14 associated with each ground track is coordinated with that associated with each other ground track to maximize the total number of satellites 14 allowable in a specified service area. The set is also coordinated to maintain a specific minimum separation angle as seen from any point within the service area.
The coordinatable system is built up from a hierarchy of building blocks, which include ground tracks, orbits, satellite-populated ground tracks, nested sets of ground tracks, and longitudinally spaced sets of ground tracks. All of these are defined by a number of parameters, which include period or semimajor axis, inclination, eccentricity, longitude of symmetry and longitude of ascending node, argument of perigee, true anomaly (or time since perigee). Parameter choices can be made to create a family of orbits in each ground track, as well as various ground tracks. Parameter choices are limited by constraints at a give level and in some cases by constraints or choices at higher levels.
Inherent in this invention is the underlying characteristic that periods of all the constituent orbits are geosynchronous. Satellites operating in the inclined geosynchronous orbits of the present invention have the same period of rotation as does the Earth that is, one sidereal day. The period is 23.93447 hours, or about 23 hours and 56 minutes, identical to that for geostationary satellites, so that the ground track repeats daily (with occasional fine adjustments by ground control, which is also the case for GSO's) within a confined region of longitudes.
Because it reflects the orbital motion of the satellites relative to the rotating Earth, the lowest level of building block hierarchy is the ground track. As indicated in the examples shown by FIG'S. 3 and 4, geosynchronous satellites tranverse repeating ground tracks whose shapes are a function of inclination, eccentricity and argument of perigee. The position of the ground track's longitude of symmetry is a specific design choice.
In FIG. 3, from left to right, the ground tracks shown are associated with orbital eccentricites of 0.000, 0.070, 0.140, 0.210 and 0.280 respectively, with 40 degrees inclination.
In FIG. 4, from left to right, the ground tracks shown are associated with arguments of perigee of -90.0 degrees, -45 degrees, 0.0 degrees, 45.0 degrees and 90.0 degrees respectively, while the inclination is 40 degrees and the eccentricity is 0.07.
It should be understood that the foregoing values associated with FIG'S. 3 and 4 are but examples used for purposes of explanation and are not represented herein as being universally ideal. In FIG'S. 3 and 4, apogee 16 is indicated by plus (+) characters, perigee is indicated by dots 18, true anomaly of 90 degrees (6 hours) is indicated by dots 20 and true anomaly of -90 degrees (-6 hours) is indicated by dots 22.
FIG. 3 illustrates preferred ground track shapes, which embody even symmetry about a vertical axis. These are created by choosing an argument of perigee of 31 90 degrees. This choice favors the Northern Hemisphere with a dwell time of more than 50 percent. The preferred embodiment uses a moderate eccentricity, that is, an eccentricity large enough to prevent self-crossing of the ground track, to maximize the number of satellites that can occupy the ground track while maintaining the required separation angle φ.
FIG. 4 depicts examples of other ground track shapes that are possible through adjustment of the argument of perigee. At an argument of perigee of +90 degrees, ground tracks mirroring those of FIG. 3 favor the Southern Hemisphere.
It is important to note that each ground track represents a substantially unlimited number of possible satellite orbits, differentiated in time. Each orbit defines an ellipse on a plane that is equally inclined with respect to the equatorial plane of the Earth. The orientation of each orbit plane is expressed by the inclination and the longitude of the ascending node.
At the next hierarchical level, the orbital parameters of each individual satellite tracing the specified ground tracks require specification. The time since perigee, or true anomaly (the angle about the Earth's center, in the orbit ellipse) is a design choice, as is the corresponding positioning of the desired longitude of symmetry.
A number of alternative but equivalent parameter sets (alternate coordinate frameworks and transformations) may also by used to describe the system. The present set based on the geographically fixed, repeating ground tracks is believed to be the easiest descriptor set with which to understand the concept.
Defining the orbits of a set of multiple satellites in the same repeating ground track necessitates specifying additional parameters. The number of satellites in a track, preferably equally spaced in time (with other possibilities acknowledged), is a design choice constrained by the required separation angle φ.
FIG. 5 illustrates, at an instant in time multiple satellites, thereby increasing the system capacity within a single ground track, and indicates key parameters. Shown is a ground track associated with orbits having an inclination of 35 degrees, an eccentricity of 0.251, an argument of perigee of -90 degrees and a longitude of symmetry of 0 degrees.
Multiple sets of ground tracks, each with multiple satellites, may be nested successively within one another as shown by FIG. 6. As in FIG. 2, representative examples of the satellites are indicated by reference numerals 14. The spacing between ground tracks is chosen through selection of each ground track's shape parameters. The preferred method is conservative, allocating a complete guard band of with φ or more in all orientations between ground tracks at every point. With this approach, the phasing within each ground track is independent of the others. It should be understood by those skilled in the art of which the present invention is a part that other values of eccentricity and closer spacing and intertrack phase synchronization may be chosen without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention.
Additional coordinatable capacity is realized by adding multiple sets of multiple ground tracks with multiple satellites, spaced in longitude as depicted by FIG. 7 to provide worldwide coverage. As in FIG. 2, representation examples of the satellites are indicated by reference numerals 14. Intersatellite crosslinks may be incorporated within constituent subsystems to provide global communications linkages.
The sets of longitudinally spaced tracks need not be identical; FIG. 8 provides such a counter-example in which some nested groups are inverted (their arguments of perigee being +90 degrees) relative to others. As in FIG. 2, representative examples of the satellites are indicated by reference numerals 14. Many other combinations of parameters are possible within the context of this disclosure.
In addition to the very high total capacity for frequency re-use mentioned in the foregoing, the coordinatable system of inclined geosynchronous orbits provides an important performance benefit. The inclined geosynchronous orbits offer users higher elevation angles (than geostationary orbits) for long durations per satellite. The advantage is abetted, for Northern Hemisphere users, by the use of eccentricity with an argument of perigee of -90 degree.
FIG. 9 illustrates the elevation angle advantage over geostationary orbits for a user at latitude 50 degrees north and 0 degrees longitude for the example ground track satellite set of FIG. 5. FIG. 9 is a view of the path traced across the sky by satellites associated with the ground track shown by FIG. 5. The path and the satellites are also respectively indicated by reference numerals 11 and 14 for convenient comparison. As in FIG. 2, representative examples of the satellites are indicated by reference numerals 14. The northerly bias of the inclined and elliptical ground track is made apparent by referring to FIG. 3, in which the 6-hour points are marked. Handoff, to another satellite at high elevation angles, is provided in the present invention with fewer satellites in the system and with longer swell than with LEO's or MEO's. For reference purposes, in FIG'S. 2 and 9, the geostationary belt is indicated by plus (+) characters.
The utilization factor of a satellite in one of the orbits of the present invention is necessarily less than that of GSO belt satellites, for which it is 100 percent, but exceeds those of the MEO and LEO satellites. Ground tracks with an eccentricity bias favoring the northern latitudes, generally with more than 50 percent utilization, are also usable in the souther latitudes for up to 40 percent utilization, only a few percent being lost in traversing the GSO belt, especially for the more highly inclined ground tracks.
In this disclosure, all parameters are subject to adjustment to produce an overall coordinatable system design that maximizes the total number of (moving) slots, subject to multiple criteria at each building block decision point.
The best mode illustrated herein is the best illustration of implementation at this time but may possible be bested in some performance measures by alternate choices within the parameter sets and criteria stated.
While the invention has been described in detail, those familiar with the art to which this invention relates will recognize various alternative designs and embodiments for practicing the invention as defined by the following claims.


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The Bike Bell Project came about through the recognition of how smartphones can make our roads safer for vulnerable users. By utilising this technology we can increase the awareness of our location to other users so that we can better share the roads and footways by which we travel.
The bike bell app has two modes. One mode is for cyclists who want to broadcast their location to nearby road or footpath users. The other mode is for drivers or pedestrians who want to be alerted when there is a cyclist nearby. All drivers can download and use the Bike Bell app for free. The more drivers that use the Bike Bell app the better and safer it is for cyclist. There is an in app purchase for Cyclists who wish to broadcast their location.
When the broadcast function is activated, a moving virtual safety buffer is created around the cyclist. Any device running the app in either driving or walking modes are notified when they come within this safety buffer.
The Bike Bell app is available on iOS devices running OS version 7.0 or later and Android devices supporting API level 10.
The Bike Bell Project will owe it's success to all those users who show their support and downloaded the app – they know there is no valid reason that we can't all share the roadways and footways. Bike safety is a cultural thing – and cultures are slow to change. We should expect to be safe riding on the road.
The project has the backing of the Amy Gillett Foundation who understand the issues around bike safety and the goals of the project. The Amy Gillett Foundation is a national organisation with a mission to reduce the incidence of serious injury and death of bike riders in Australia. ESRI, the world's leading developer of GIS technology, also backs the project by making available their robust global platform for location awareness. The Bike Bell is being trailed in July 2015 in Australia, New Zealand, the USA and France.

subset: commoncrawl


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The newest local beers on the market prove that there's more to a great craft brew than a cute picture and a snappy name
1. Katipunan Signal No. 1 Stout
A militant stout proudly bearing a well balanced, creamy, and full bodied physique that echoes long after that first sip.
2. Joe's Brew Fish Rider Pal Ale
With a hearty copper body, this pale ale is a wonderful inebriating vessel comprising of citrusy aromas and grapefruit flavors.
3. Pedro Endless Summer Wheat Ale
Like a lazy summer, this wheat ale pours a hazy gold with mild hints of fruit that's inviting for any season.
4. Nipa Brew Midnight Blur
A rough, dark porter built on the invigorating acidity of hops and caramel malt, with a quick finish that ends just like a blur.
5. Craftpoint Liberation Pale Ale
A delicate floral aroma cries out from this crisp pale ale with a medium bitter taste, one that tempers an underlying sweetness.
6. The Cebruery Wee Heavy Scotch Ale
This exquisite tanned beauty of a scotch ale romances the mouth with its thick flavors and rouses it with a citrusy finish.


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The bracket for the NCAA Women's Division I Soccer Championship has been whittled down to just four teams, as the quarterfinals came to a close Friday. The expected No. 1 seeds made it to the semifinals, well, all except for BYU, who was booted after a stunning upset by No. 2 North Carolina.
The third ranked team was taken out by 14th ranked North Carolina after a neck and neck game, with two overtimes ending 2-1. Junior forward Crystal Dunn scored those two winning goals, one in the first four minutes and the last in the second overtime. BYU equalized in the 27th minute, keeping the score 1-1 until the 107th minute, where Dunn scored the winner off an assist from junior forward Kealia Ohai and senior forward Alyssa Rich.
North Carolina gears up for the semifinals, where they will take on No. 1 Stanford. Yea, Stanford has been a steady and strong brick wall, but if the Tar Heels can pull through after defeating powerhouses like BYU, Baylor and Radford- all three hadn't lost a game since August this season- then who knows what can happen in the semis. At this stage, it's anyone's game, and after a few upsets that kept them out of the cup the past few seasons, this could be the Tar Heels year to shine, as they make their first College Cup appearance since 2009.
Then you have good ole' Florida State, as they move on to play Penn State after senior forward Tiffany MCCarty found the back of the net on a header, beating Notre Dame 1-0 in the quarterfinals. This is the Seminoles sixth College Cup appearance in school history, and with the season they've had under the guidance of head coach, Mark Krikorian, who led the team to four of these appearances, they may very well be staying in San Diego past the semifinals.
Penn State defeated talented Duke 1-0, taking out the team that played Stanford last year in the Championships. Senior Midfielder Christine Nairn scored the winning goal on a penalty kick in the 13th minute.
The Nittany Lions have had quite the battle this season, barely beating Michigan in penalty kicks in the third rounds. But, it goes to show that they can tango with the top, as they advance to play Florida State. This will be their first college cup appearance since 2005.
The Semifinals will be held November 30 in San Diego, and the final two will move on to compete for the title of the long anticipated 2012 College Cup. Check out the bracket, Click Here


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Meet the TPSC Director of Development!
Mattias Kodzoman is the Director of Development and Coaching for the Tiburon Peninsula Soccer Club. He has extensive experience as a player and coach. Mattias is from Vasteras, Sweden. He has a NSCAA Premier Diploma and has coached competitive youth teams for the past 10+ years in Tiburon Peninsula Soccer Club, Marin FC, Mill Valley Soccer Club, Central Marin Youth Soccer Club, San Francisco Youth Soccer and Redwood High School.
Mattias was one of 50 national finalists for the Positive Coaching Alliance's (PCA) Double-Goal Coach Award, two years in a row. PCA gives its Double-Goal Coach Award to youth and high school sports coaches from throughout the U.S. who embody the ideals of the Double-Goal Coach, striving to win, while also pursuing the even more important goal of teaching life lessons through sports.
Mattias is a two time All American having played soccer for Tri-State University and University of San Francisco and as a professional player in Sweden for Basteras SK. He has a BS in Marketing and Accounting from the University of San Francisco. Mattias has also taken over 500 players and parents to Europe to play soccer over the past 11 years. In addition to being our club's DOD and DOC, Mattias will also coach competitive teams for TPSC.
What does a Director of Development do?
We are thrilled that Mattias is the Director of Development and Coaching for the Tiburon Peninsula Soccer Club. This will help us develop all of the players in our program to their full potential while making it fun and rewarding for the kids!
TPSC Board


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Location: Road between Manali and Leh, Ladakh, India (32�22'60 N 77�15'0 E)
Date: 21 August 1998; 11.20am
Camera: (analogue) Canon 500N with negatives and scanned
This is only one of two roads that leads to Leh in the district of Jammu and Kashmir. It crosses some of the highest mountain passes in the world, including Lachulung La (5,059 m) and Taglang La (5,325 m). It is open only between June and mid-September when snow is cleared from the road by the Border Roads Organisation. This include cutting through gigantic blocks of ice that tumbles down from mountainsides onto the road such as the above. The journey between these two towns normally takes two days but can be longer depending on road conditions.


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IndianGeeks Network is a small but growing network of blogs, YouTube Channels serving high quality, problem-solving content to the awesome people like you. It's founded and managed by Govind Choudhary. IndianGeeks Network has blogs like LatestOnNet.com, FacebookFever.com, LatestLaunches.com active right now.
We also provide services for your online presence; from naming to generating sales and revenue. We're a team of best Geeks from India, having vast experience in Search Engine Optimization, Social Media Marketing, Domaining, Web Development and Branding. We're also into brokering domains and we ourself owns a good portfolio of domains.
Govind Choudhary – Founder
Govind Choudhary is the founder of IndianGeeks Network. Initially, Govind registered IndianGeeks Network with a different intention in mind, and that was to bring all the IndianGeeks at one place and help the newbies in different fields related to computers, the Internet, education and everything. Now, also we have got the same aim to help the Indian newbies as much as possible, and we're also planning to train them in different fields. But side by side, we also started providing affordable online services in the fields in which we're real Geeks.
Govind Choudhary is a blogger since his high school, Former Microsoft Student Partner, Internet Marketer, biker (Owns Suzuki Blue Gixxer and dream of getting Harley soon), Domain Investor (Holds a good portfolio of domains and sold few in great ROI), Striving Entrepreneur, Affiliate Marketer (Affiliated with the top US and UK e-commerce stores) and Proud Indian.
Loves to hang out with friends, long bike rides, traveling solo, addicted to movies and music, Tech lover, wannabe photographer and crazy about startups.
You can connect with him on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Google+ and LinkedIn.


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Mersingh Korku a feeble man, aged 75 years, of Ghorpadmal; a remote tribal village of Betul district, has been threat to state so much so that there are half a dozen cases filed against him, and together two dozen against his fellow village man. When tribal of Ghorpadmal of Betul district were arrested two months back, it took them 45 days and had cost 15 thousand rupees to secure bail, as their files were missing. Yet they have two dozen cases in which they could not secure bail, as they have no money to apply for bail, there is permanent arrest warrant issued against them, magistrate was considerate enough to grant them bail in one case.
Tribals of Betul and Harda district, associated with Shramik Adivasi Sangathan, are trapped into vicious circle cases of penal and forest offences, filed by authorities in retaliation during 2003 to 2007. Many of them have 4 to 5 cases each against them, by the time they arrange bail in second, they realize that they have jumped bail in first one as they have not attendant hearing, the reason being; tribal sometimes were out on work; have no money. Our tribal activists have as many as 60 cases against them; in many cases there is permanent arrest warrant issued against them.
We need support to secure bail and fight these cases. Money can be sent directly or through Cheque to the account of Anurag Modi, CBI, Betul, IFS code cbin0281071. A/CNo 1293382984. Anyone donating around ten thousand need 80G exemptions may contact. Queries are welcome at firstname.lastname@example.com
Anurag Modi/Shamim Modi
[Status Message] Tribals Caught in Penal and Forest Offences


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Information For
School for New Learning > Academics > Undergraduate > Undergraduate Majors > Leadership Studies (BA)
DePaul offers a bachelor's degree in Leadership Studies, an accelerated two-year degree completion program for adult students who have previously earned an associate degree or have completed 66 semester hours applicable to the degree program.
Courses are offered by the College of Communication, Department of Psychology and the School for New Learning. You will attend class one night each week at the Loop campus, as well as take online courses.
The Leadership Studies program will develop your skills in:
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