text:
- Methodology article
- Open Access
Browsing repeats in genomes: Pygram and an application to non-coding region analysis
© Durand et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2006
- Received: 23 June 2006
- Accepted: 26 October 2006
- Published: 26 October 2006
A large number of studies on genome sequences have revealed the major role played by repeated sequences in the structure, function, dynamics and evolution of genomes. In-depth repeat analysis requires specialized methods, including visualization techniques, to achieve optimum exploratory power.
This article presents Pygram, a new visualization application for investigating the organization of repeated sequences in complete genome sequences. The application projects data from a repeat index file on the analysed sequences, and by combining this principle with a query system, is capable of locating repeated sequences with specific properties. In short, Pygram provides an efficient, graphical browser for studying repeats. Implementation of the complete configuration is illustrated in an analysis of CRISPR structures in Archaea genomes and the detection of horizontal transfer between Archaea and Viruses.
By proposing a new visualization environment to analyse repeated sequences, this application aims to increase the efficiency of laboratories involved in investigating repeat organization in single genomes or across several genomes.
- Maximal Repeat
- Suffix Tree
- Zoom Lens
- Index File
- Large Repeat
Some years ago, genomes were considered as static objects containing an informative part, the coding sequences, representing only a small percentage of the total genome, and a part referred to as "junk DNA" that was generally free of any annotation. It is now widely acknowledged that genomes must be considered from a more dynamic point of view, involving the study of the many " copy" events that occur during evolution, while covering not only coding genes, but non-coding sequences as well. A large number of in silico studies have revealed that repetitive sequences play an important role in the structure, function, dynamics and evolution of genomes in Archaea [1, 2], Bacteria [3, 4] and Eukarya [5–7]. It is well known, for instance, that proteins are combinations in a finite set of domains that represent basic structural units whose arrangements determine a wide variety of functions. Other classes of repeats, such as transposable elements, allow mobile elements to move around a genome, and have a major impact on the evolution of sequences [8]. DNA palindromes, a particular form of repeat, are widespread in human cancers. Other repeats in centromeric or telomeric regions of chromosomes seem to endow a certain robustness to the sequences during replication. Repeats may be strictly conserved through evolution, as revealed by comparisons of human, mouse, rat, chicken and dog genomes [9, 10]. Complex mechanisms such as chromosome segment duplications, or even whole genome duplications, are thought to occur, explaining genome evolution [11, 12]. Converging studies of human and other genomes have also revealed that variations in the number of occurrences of particular repeats may be an important factor responsible for diseases such as diabetes, epilepsy, fragile-X mental retardation and myotonic dystrophy diabetes [13, 14]. From a technical point of view, repeats are the source of many difficulties encountered in assembling or comparing sequences, requiring their extraction from these sequences. For these and other reasons, the analysis of repetitive sequences is an essential step in genome assembly, annotation and analysis.
At the core of life information, there exists an outstanding opportunity to analyse the genomic structure by deciphering its content in repeated sequences. The exhaustive analysis of 360 published complete sequences from Archaea, Bacteria and Eukarya genomes (data from Genome OnLine Database [15]) has revealed that most of them, especially in Eukarya, have a genomic content consisting of large proportions of repeats. Revealing the structure of sequences as an assembly of elementary repeated sequences is thus a task of utmost importance.
An important goal in computational molecular biology is therefore finding repeats of biological interest, i.e. repeats that have a role in genome structure and function. Practical libraries of repeats have been established in an attempt to collect prototypical sequences and group them into families, either for a large set of genomes or for a particular species [16–19]. To achieve this goal using computational methods, the problem consists in giving a precise definition of a "repeat". In the biological literature, three main classes of repeats are proposed: tandem repeats (consecutive copies of patterns), duplicated segments (which include genes and chromosome segment duplications) and interspersed repeats (which include transposons). Tandem repeats are thought to have originated by slippage of a replicated chromosome against its template. The patterns in tandem repeats are k-mers, k being generally less than 5 (micro-satellites), but sometimes far greater (up to several thousand base pairs long, with a total size that can represent several uninterrupted megabases). The number of repeats for a given satellite may differ between individuals. Therefore, they can be used for DNA fingerprinting or to provide information about paternity.
Microsatellites, also known as short tandem repeats (STR), have a repeat unit that is 2 to 10 bp long, with the entire repetitive region spanning less than 200 bp. Minisatellites are generally GC-rich repeats that range in length from 10 to over 100 bp with total length ranging from 1 kb to 20 kb. Duplicated segments are large intra- or interchromosomally DNA segments, ranging from 41 to 655 kb in size and likely to result from replication accidents. These events result in the duplication of gene clusters. Interspersed repeats or mobile elements are DNA sequences located in dispersed regions in a genome, produced by mechanisms such as DNA recombination. The gene pool of a species consists of DNA sequences in a network linked by gene conversion events. This type of repetitive sequence plays the role of uncoupling the network, thereby allowing new genes to evolve. In mammals, the most common mobile elements are LINEs for interchromosomal uncoupling (length ≃ 6–7 kb) and SINE for intrachromosomal uncoupling (total length ≃ 300 bases). The first mobile elements were discovered by Barbara McClintock in the 1940s in studies on corn. Subsequently, they were found in all kinds of organisms. Classifications such as these provide a better understanding of the biological processes at hand during genome evolution. But since they are based on current limited biological knowledge, these definitions introduce some bias in the type of repeats targeted by the analysis, and also introduce complexity in the algorithms used to locate them, especially when considering error-prone repeats. PILER, [20] represents the current state of the art in this respect, where four classes of biological repeats are defined. Classes TA (tandem array) and DF (dispersed family) correspond to the previously cited tandem repeats and interspersed repeats, respectively. The other two classes are pseudosatellites (PS), which are clustered elements in the genome that are not tandem repeats, and terminal repeats (TR), which are copies of the same element located at the termini of a duplicated element.
A number of formal definitions have been proposed to capture the essence of observable repeats. A vast amount of literature covers this problem, and essentially three categories of formal repeats have been proposed: words, contiguous repeats and structured repeats. The first category tries to distinguish among repeated words those that include all other ones and are thus representative of the whole set of repeats. It mainly uses a maximization criterion, such as the longest repeats [21, 22] and maximal repeats [23, 24]. The second category introduces a basic model to achieve a closer approximation of observed repeats, since natural repeats in genomic sequences usually present many variations of close basic repeat units. Certain authors propose to look for trains of contiguous repeats such as tandem arrays (e.g., [25–27]), or pairs of repeats at a fixed distance (e.g, longest repeats with a block of don't cares [28], maximal pairs with bounded gap [29]), or to introduce an edit distance or a similarity score to take into account local variations (e.g k-mismatch repeats [30] and approximate tandem repeats [31]). Finally, the third category contains sophisticated repeat models that include all the previous notions and are designed to discover the complex word arrangements that occur with a minimum frequency. A structured motif consists of an ordered collection of p > 1 parts separated from one another by spacers, the length and distance between parts being bounded with given Min and Max values [32–34]. This kind of repeat seems of particular interest in studying non-coding sequences in gene expression and regulation.
Among these formal definitions, the notion of exact maximal repeat is quite attractive, since it is at the core of all others. It only focuses on sequences present in the two largest common blocks, with no possible extension to the right or left, and with no biological a priori. Maximal repeats have nice properties: they can be computed in linear time using a suffix-tree-based algorithm, their number is linear (at most n kinds of exact maximal repeats in a sequence of size n), and they can be used as basic blocks to compute error-prone repeats [30].
Associated visualization techniques play a fundamental role in analysing these numerous repeats, and various kinds of tools displaying repeats at genome level have been proposed in the past few years. Among them are dotplots [35], landscapes [36], chaos games [37], percent identity plots [38], repeat graphs [30] and BARD [39]. Interpreting the views created using these tools is quite difficult, however, especially for large genomes, since most of them rely on displaying repeat pairs. They do not usually provide convenient zooming features to analyse regions of particular interest. Tools like dotplot, chaos game and BARD still can only be used on pairwise genome sequence alignments, and, because they only work at sequence level, become difficult to use as the sequence size and/or number of repeats increases. Moreover, they are not capable of summarizing the hierarchical organization of repetitive structures in a convenient way so that they can be interpreted by the end users.
This paper introduces the pyramid diagram, or pygram, designed to provide an abstract representation of the organization of repeated structures in genomic sequences. The theoretical foundation of pygrams is similar to sequence landscapes, which display all exact maximal repeats in a picture. But the pygram improves the original sequence landscape visualization in several ways. Aside from various practical improvements (two-strand display, zoom lenses), pygram offers several new features, including frequency visualization and multigenome repeat analysis. Most important, pygram visualization is closely associated with a query system designed to locate repeats that share specific properties. When combined, the query system and visual interface provide an efficient repeat browser that is useful for discovering unexpected structures in genomes.
Results and Discussion
Pyramid Diagram (Pygram) description
A pygram for a genome sequence S of length n is a bi-dimensional plot where S and all its exact maximal repeats (eMR) are mapped along the x-axis. Given an x-axis magnifying factor k and a y-axis magnifying factor l, mapping is defined as follows: the i th nucleotide of S is located at position (i/k,0), and the eMR of size m located at position i within S corresponds to the interval [i/k,(i+m)/k] on the x-axis. The size m eMR located at position a within S is symbolized in the diagram by an isosceles triangle (a pyramid) of height δ m/l. δ is either '+1' for an eMR located on the normal (N) strand of S, or '-1' for an eMR located on the reverse complement (RC) strand of S.
Since focus will be placed on eMRs in the rest of this paper, and most of the presentation does not depend on the kind of repeat used, the simpler term "repeat" will be used instead of "exact maximal repeat". It is first important to emphasize three basic facts about managing two DNA strands to avoid confusion in the interpretation of results.
A single coordinate system is used for both strands, i.e. all repeat coordinates, whether they are located on N or RC strands, are computed relative to the N strand.
The word on the reverse complement strand must be read as usual in the reverse direction. On the pygram each pyramid has an associated colour computed from the corresponding eMR sequence, ensuring that each repeat has its own specific colour. Consequently, all occurrences of the same repeat will have the same colour on both strands.
The definition of an eMR is symmetrical with regards to N and RC strands: if a word w is an eMR, then word , the reverse complement of w, is also an eMR. The display of an eMR along one strand is always mirrored with an eMR of the same size on the other strand.
Since the basic idea behind the pygram is to display all exact maximal repeats, pygrams may be considered as a rational reconstruction of landscapes [36], fully characterizing the structure that is displayed without requiring the computation of intermediate repeats. Landscapes do indeed display maximal repeats, where the scope of the right triangles is such that increasing the corresponding subword to the left or right removes at least one occurrence of the repeat in the extended subword. This provides a precise definition of maximal repeats.
Producing pygrams and browsing repeats
The first step in creating a pygram consists in producing the complete set of repeats. Since the repeat structures are to be analysed either within a single sequence or across several sequences, Gusfield's eMR detection algorithm [23] was implemented on a generalized suffix tree (see Methods).
The second step in constructing a pygram consists in creating an indexed representation of the complete set of eMR occurrences. Indexing aims to order repeats along the sequences, so that pygrams can be created efficiently. Indexing also improves browsing speed when checking specific repeat properties, such as frequency, size, location (normal vs. reverse complement strand), and conservation between two or more sequences. This close association between repeat visualization and querying provides an efficient browsing function for in-depth analysis of repeat organization at various levels, from the highest level (i.e. the complete sequence) to the lowest level (a single nucleotide).
The following discussion illustrates the browser capabilities through two case studies. The first shows how to detect and analyse Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR; [40]). The second presents an analysis of the horizontal transfer of DNA sequences between two genomes.
Visual analysis of repeat organization
To further investigate these frequently repeated regions, a pygram with two zoom lenses is presented in Figure 2C (the Methods section gives a detailed description of the implementation and graphical features of the pygram viewer). The lenses magnify two frequently repeated regions previously identified on the complete genome pygram, where numerous repeats appear to be organized in arrays of spaced tandems. Zooming in further (Figure 2D) reveals that the two regions share a similar structure. The tandem repeat in the first lens is preceded by two large repeats, symbolized by pink and red triangles on the N strand. Identical large repeats can be observed on the opposite strand, downstream of the tandem repeat displayed in the second lens. Instances of a 25-nucleotide-long repeat appear regularly spaced, consecutive occurrences being separated by non-repetitive sequences. This type of structure has already been observed in this genome [41] and is known as CRISPR.
CRISPRs are a very peculiar family of repeated sequences found in Archaea and Bacteria genomes [40]. Their remarkably constant structure consists of short sequences from 21 to 37 nucleotides long, repeated almost exactly, and referred to as 'units', separated by similarly sized non-repetitive sequences, called 'spacers' (Figure 2D). In most species with two or more CRISPR loci, these loci are flanked on one side by a common leader sequence of 300–500 nucleotides. In Figure 2D, the leader sequence is delineated by the previously mentioned pink and red large repeat.
Each CRISPR unit appears as a group of co-occurring repeats that differ by only a few nucleotides. This is the result observed when a sequence, here the CRISPR unit, is repeated several times with point mutations. If a maximal repeat occurrence mutates at some point, it results in two included maximal repeats overlapping at the point of mutation: if aubvc is an eMR, a, b and c being letters and u and v two words, then a mutation from b to d leads to eMRs aud and dvc. Visualizing all eMRs detected on both strands of a complete genome can therefore be used to identify error-prone repeated sequences.
Querying the eMR index to locate exceptional repeats
Another way to target the presence of specific repeated structures consists in querying the eMR index file, then interpreting query results on a pygram. Such queries can be simple, consisting of searching for the most frequent repeats, or complex, as in the case of searching for specific repeat patterns. In the case of S. solfataricus, querying the index to answer the first question returns a 25-nucleotide eMR repeated 151 times in the complete genome, 103 occurrences being located on the N strand and 48 on the RC strand. This information can be drawn directly from pygrams (Figures 2B to 2D), where the specific eMR is highlighted in red on the centre frequency line. These pygrams immediately show that the most repeated eMR is located exclusively within two different CRISPRs, forming the most conserved element of the repeated units (Figure 2D).
The pygrams presented in Figure 3 show that some CRISPRs have a similar leader sequence. The left side of Figure 3A has two large repeats (pink and red) that correspond to the right side of Figure 3B, but on the opposite strand. Likewise, repeats at the end of Figure 3C (orange and green) match those at the beginning of Figure 3D. Considering the visual properties of these pictures, it is worth noting that pygrams using a logarithmic y-axis (Figure 3) render the CRISPR, structure better than linear-pygrams magnified using the zoom lens (Figure 2).
Among the various CRISPRs displayed in Figure 3, two are questionable (Figures 3F and 3G), since they do not fit the repetitive structure observed in Figures 3A to 3E. The CRISPR in Figure 3F is quite short, with its seven repeated units, and there is no detectable leader sequence. However, querying the index file to retrieve all eMR occurrences forming the units in this CRISPR reveals that these repeats are also located within the CRISPR units from Figure 3E, and nowhere else on the genome. Therefore, the CRISPR in Figure 3F should be a real one, even if it is quite short. The relationship between CRISPRs from Figures 3E and 3F remains unclear.
The structure presented in Figure 3G is an example of what could be a false positive reported when querying the index file using the above-mentioned CRISPR model. Even if some repeats are organized like CRISPR units, the overall structure is repeated, as revealed by the large brown trapezoid on the N strand, and the eMR forming that structure cannot be found anywhere else in the genome. This example illustrates the advantages of using pygrams to visually interpret the results of a computational method that predicts the presence of specific patterns of repeated structures.
Analysing repeats across two genome sequences
It was recently reported that S. solfataricus CRISPRs contained foreign genetic elements from the SIRV1 virus [2]. The authors have suggested that these particular CRISPRs, which contain SIRV1 foreign DNA, could be involved in the known immunity of S. solfataricus against SIRV viruses.
These observations are consistent with data reported by Mojica et al. [2], although the present study failed to locate one out of the six known SIRV1 sub-sequences integrated in S. solfataricus as reported by these authors. This can be explained by the fact that the study only covered recognition of repeats containing 20 nucleotides or more, whereas Mojica et al. used BLAST, which is capable of recognizing shorter sequences. The pygram method may still be used to locate this particular sub-sequence, however, by lowering the repeat recognition size to 10 nucleotides.
Comparison with existing visualization methods
We generated a dotplot, percent identity plot (PIP), repeat graph and pygram from the same sequence to compare these visualization techniques in studying repeated sub-sequence organization within genome sequences. The sequence analysed here is the 2.83 Mb genome of S. solfataricus.
The pyramid diagram (or pygram) is a new visualization method that aims to summarize the complex hierarchical organization of repetitive sequence structures for either a single genomic sequence or across several sequences.
In contrast to similar existing tools, the pygram is not based on repeat pair display, and provides convenient graphical functions such as two-strand visualization, repeat frequency display, a zoom feature, repeat selection and annotation display. It therefore produces a better view of repeated sequences at all levels, from the complete genome sequence down to the nucleotide. Moreover, closely associating a viewer and a querying tool results in an efficient repeat browser, as illustrated in the examples on CRISPR investigation and DNA transfers in Archaea genomes.
The prototype developed uses a generalized suffix tree to produce eMRs. It achieves good linear performance (see Methods) with respect to the sequence size and the number of eMR occurrences to be handled, but the current application is limited to genome sequences containing no more than 50 million nucleotides on a computer with 4 Gb of RAM. During development, however, in the pygram browser implementation phase, the system that identifies the repeated sequences (in the present case, eMRs), was separated from the browser engine. This feature opens the pygram browsing infrastructure to other repeat models, in particular error-prone ones. In this way, Pygram could be used to perform the difficult job of analysing divergent sequences, a particularly crucial task in comparative genomics.
Implementation and performance of the Pygram application
Maxgen is an ANSI C software package that implements Gusfield's eMR detection algorithm on a generalized suffix tree (GST). This algorithm is capable of locating all eMRs in linear time and space, with respect to the sequence size, and presents the advantage of inserting the normal and reverse-complement sequences of each genome in a unique suffix tree. Maxgen proceeds in two steps. First, it analyses all real internal nodes of the GST, detecting all words that are eMRs. It then collects all occurrences of each eMR. The overall process runs at a rate of ~46 kbases/s, and the program uses an average of 17 bytes per sequence letter, which is slightly more than the highly space-efficient standard suffix tree application created by Kurtz [43]. Additional byte capacity is required to handle several sequences in a single suffix tree and detect eMRs. After running this software on a set of FASTA-format sequences, a text file is created containing all lexicographically ordered eMRs. Each line of this file represents a single eMR, along with all its positions in the analysed sequence(s).
PyramidIndexator is a Java program that converts the text file generated by Maxgen into two binary index files. The first index file stores an object representation of each eMR,, all eMRs being ordered lexicographically. The data file uses 36 bytes per eMR, (these bytes are used to store primary key and repeat size, type and colour), in addition to one byte per character to store the repeat sequence, and four bytes per occurrence to store the positions. The second index file stores an object representation of each eMR, for visualization purposes, all repeats being ordered by sequence position. The visualization file uses 17 bytes per repeat occurrence (to store primary key and repeat size and colour). Each of these binary files is associated with an index file to speed up data access. PyramidIndexator creates both index files in linear time and space with respect to the number of occurrences at a rate of ~310 k eMR, occurrences/s. Once the indexes have been created, pygrams can be created and index files queried on line. The current version of the index files requires a significant amount of memory to store each eMR,, since the data (primary key, repeat type, colour, position, etc.) are all encoded using the standard Java integer and colour classes. A future version of PyramidIndexator will optimize capacity requirements, an important issue for Eukarya genome visualization.
The colour scheme is computed using the sequence of each eMR: from each individual sequence, a hashcode is computed (using the standard Java API) which is in turn converted to RGB values.
PyramidImage is a Java application capable of creating pygram pictures. This program provides the visualization infrastructure necessary to explore repeated structures at various levels of magnification, from the highest level (i.e. the complete sequence) to the lowest level (a single nucleotide). This is achieved using a contextual zoom tool associated with a global viewer.
PyramidImage creates a pygram using the visualization index file generated by PyramidIndexator: the index file is scanned so that the larger repeats are displayed before the smaller ones. In this way, the larger pyramids do not hide the smaller ones. To display each repeat, pyramids are produced in increasing sequence position order. PyramidImage runs in linear time and space at a rate of ~165 k eMR occurrences/s.
PyramidImage receives input from two files. The first is the visualization binary file created by PyramidIndexator. The second is an optional text file, referred to as a pygram descriptor, that contains drawing and filtering parameters. If no pygram descriptor is provided, PyramidImage creates a pygram for the entire genome sequence, displaying all eMRs reported in the index file. On the other hand, if a descriptor is provided, these parameters can be controlled to produce pygrams with various layouts (see examples in Figure 2). The drawing parameters include:
image size,
region of the sequence to display,
standard or logarithmic pygram,
number of lenses to produce,
eMR to highlight.
For each lens, the descriptor can be used to specify the location of the lens within the sequence, x- and y-axis magnifying factors, the sequence coordinate ruler, and whether or not to display sequence letters. The filtering parameters for eMRs include:
size range,
occurrence range,
sequence location.
PyramidImage can also display annotations on the pygram. This feature can be used to display either known genome annotations or user-defined ones. Figure 2D presents a full-featured example of pygram visualization functionality: two different regions of the same sequence are presented side-by-side, along with a zoom lens, several features underlying a genomic structure of interest and a selected eMR. The DNA sequence is also displayed inside the lens, and a y-axis magnifying factor is applied to achieve better structure magnification.
PyramidBrowser is Java software designed to query the binary files created by PyramidIndexator. This tool can be used to select specific eMRs according to their size, number of occurrences and location on the sequence. The information from PyramidBrowser can be entered as filtering parameters in the pygram descriptor.
Size of the eMR occurrence index file
Creating an index file for all observed instances of an eMR in a genome sequence can be difficult to compute, since the number of occurrences (number of locations) is not linear with respect to the number of eMR types (number of different words) observed in a sequence. For instance, the sequence CA n GA n T contains exactly n maximal repeats (different words), namely A k (k = 1, n), and the number of occurrences of all these repeats is .
Since the task covers millions of different words, quadratic behaviour such as this is computationally intractable. Experiments were therefore conducted on several genomes to study the practical impact of the relationship between the number of eMR occurrences and the number of eMR types. Two scenarios were tested empirically: a linear relationship and a quadratic relationship. The ratio for each case was computed as:
the ratio between eMR occurrences and the number of eMR types (a) and,
the ratio between and the number of eMR types (b).
The ratio trends are remarkably similar in all cases.
First of all, the left side of the [a] curves and [b] curves is the same for the normal and shuffled versions of the genomes. This tends to show that short maximal repeats occur at a frequency that depends only on the sequence structure. In contrast, long maximal repeats occur more often in normal genomes than in their shuffled counterpart. Furthermore, they continue to occur at an almost constant rate for quite large word sizes, whereas the maximum size of maximal repeats remains less than 25 nucleotides in random sequences of the same length. Note that the final behaviour of [b] curves simply follows sqrt(2/NbMR) since Nbocc is proportional to NbMR: [c] curves clearly show this fact. The last value is sqrt(2), corresponding to one MR with two occurrences.
The second important observation is that the overall trend for the number of occurrences is quadratic, as expected for very short words (the left side of the [b] curves is flat), then decreases rapidly and becomes almost linear for long words (the right side of the [a] curves is almost flat). The number of occurrences of significant maximal repeats (those that can be distinguished from randomly occurring ones) therefore remains comparable with the number of maximal repeat types, which means that a systematic analysis of these eMRs may reasonably be attempted along a genome.
Availability and Requirements
Pygram tools (precompiled binaries, documented source code and user manuals) are distributed under the CeCILL (CRA-CNRS-INRIA Logiciel Libre) free software license and are available at http://www.irisa.fr/symbiose/projets/Modulome/.
This work is supported by a grant from the French Agence Nationale de la Recherche (Modulome project), and uses the bioinformatics platform from Ouest-Genopole. We would like to thank François Coste, Mathieu Giraud, Dominique Lavenier and Anne Siegel for their helpful discussions regarding the pygram visualization system, and Marc Le Romancer for his help with biological data analysis.
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The County Commissioners Association of Ohio (CCAO) offers a unique membership opportunity for individuals, firms, associates, or corporations that have an interest in the activities of county government. CCAO established the Sustaining Membership Program in recognition of the need for new public-private partnerships in making county government more cost-effective and efficient.
A sustaining member of CCAO receives valuable information concerning the activities of Ohio county government such as publications, information, conferences, and seminars. Consider the advantages of becoming a sustaining member of CCAO. If you are interested in becoming better informed about county government and showing your support, complete a Sustaining Membership Application and mail it with your payment to CCAO.
Sustaining Member Benefits
- Counties Current and Statehouse Report – newsletters
- Conferences – Receive Annual Winter Conference & Trade Show registration and sponsorship information
- CCAO Membership Roster – Published annually. Advertising available.
- CCAO Website – Your company is listed and linked on our website
For more information, please contact Mary Jane Neiman, Public Relations Associate, at 614/220-7979.

subset: commoncrawl


text: The media in Dallas can't figure out what Terry's role will be when the regular season kicks off, and the team isn't helping out with clues. From the Dallas Morning News: "The former NBA Sixth Man of the Year vows that he's going to win the award again this season. But it will be hard to do so if he's not coming off the bench. He was the starter at shooting guard in the most recent preseason game against the Bulls. It may have been a sign that Terry is going to start there on opening night against Charlotte. It's never easy to tell with Rick Carlisle … Terry's take on the situation is that he couldn't care less about starting. But it's also something that he respects. By midseason, that job may be Roddy Beaubois'. When Terry was asked if he's just keeping the seat warm for somebody else, he was noncommittal. 'Maybe I'll just keep it warm," Terry said. 'Or maybe I won't give it back' … In that regard, Carlisle is grateful to have two more preseason games. He said he has not made any final judgments on the shooting guard situation. But he also knows that whichever way he goes, it won't fluster Terry. 'Jet has embraced that sixth-man role,' Carlisle said. 'He's put his money where his mouth is the last few years. If you get in a situation where he has to start, he'd have no problem with that. But we're not there yet.'"


text:
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text:
Philomena makes history at British Country Music Awards
By Shelley Marsden
THE 'Queen' of Irish Country, Philomena Begley has become the first Irish person to be inducted into the British Country Music Association's Hall of Fame.
The Tyrone-born singer joined the list of prestigious group of country stars that were honoured on Sunday night at the British Country Music Awards 2013.
She was awarded the honour on Sunday November 24 by country music DJ Jim Duncan at the awards, which were held at the Concorde Suite near Heathrow.
The 71 year old joined names like last year's inductees Jon Derek, BBC Radio 2 country and folk presenter 'Whispering' Bob Harris and Tony Byworth.
Philomena said: "I'm absolutely delighted to have been inducted into the Hall of Fame. For somebody that's been going as long as I have any award is great, but to be the first Irish person to receive it is definitely something special!"
See this week's Irish World (30 Nov 2013) for our two-page interview with the singer, where she talks about over fifty years in the music business and much more!


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Amazing: a design competition with a real brief!!
September 10, 2009
Most of the time creative competitions follow the typical blue sky approach to issuing a challenge; they don't tend to define parameters or any kind of real brief.
Creatives then have the huge task of narrowing their thinking down to something meaningful and strategic. You see this a lot with students with their challenges and projects, even at places that supposedly teach planning; the two disciplines sit at opposite end of the table and the strategists often have to force their way into the conversation.
Quite simply, a brief is not mandated and neither and the the creative work is rarely accountable.
Refreshingly, Steve Portigal, the king of design strategy, has made a move in the right direction.
Teaming up with Core 77 and 826 Valencia he's contributed a ton of research thinking to the challenge of imagining The Future of Reading. It's not simply a data dump, they've translated their findings into something close to a real brief with lots of juicy information to feast on.
What will reading look in the future? Will we be using printed books,
rectangular electronic devices, embedded technologies?This competition
challenges designers to envision a rich future digital reading
experience, based on a defined set of design research.
Recently, Portigal Consulting undertook an exploratory research project on reading, books, and digital reading devices, entitled Reading Ahead. Here's what they found:
- Books are more than just pages with words and pictures; they are
imbued with personal history, future aspirations, and signifiers of
- The unabridged reading experience includes crucial events that take
place before and after the elemental moments of eyes-looking-at-words
- Digital reading privileges access to content while neglecting other essential aspects of this complete reading experience
- There are opportunities to enhance digital reading by replicating,
referencing, and replacing social (and other) aspects of traditional
book reading
And here's what they suggest for your design explorations:
- Include the sensual
- Support the social side of reading
- Consider the varied modes and rituals of reading
- Develop an ecosystem
More info can be found here.
Posted by Ed CottonNext post Previous post
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Bats come alive for ASU baseball in big win
SURPRISE, Ariz. — The 29th-ranked ASU baseball team scored 10 runs over the final four innings to defeat Gonzaga, 10-5, on Friday in the second day of the Sanderson Ford College Baseball Classic at Surprise Stadium in Surprise, Ariz.
Freshman catcher Brian Serven tallied a career-high four hits, sophomore third baseman Dalton DiNatale recorded a pair of RBI to add to his team-leading total and redshirt junior right fielder Trever Allen capped off the Sun Devils' (5-4) offensive charge with an eighth-inning grand slam.
ASU starting right-hander Ryan Burr (1-1) earned his first win of the season and his first career as a starter as he logged a career-high six innings. He allowed two runs on five hits and struck out a pair.
The Bulldogs (2-8) struck first with a two-out RBI single in the second inning and added one more run in the fifth as second baseman Caleb Wood took a leadoff walk, moved to second on a sacrifice bunt, stole third and came home on another sacrifice bunt to go ahead, 2-0.
The Devils used a pair of run-scoring doubles in consecutive innings to take a 3-2 lead. Second baseman Tucker Esmay drove in the Devils' first run of the game in the bottom of the fifth with a double to left field that scored first baseman David Graybill from first. Sophomore designated hitter RJ Ybarra and Serven each singled in the sixth before crossing home plate on DiNatale's two-run double.
The Bulldogs threatened to retake the lead in the top of the seventh after Burr walked the first two batters of the frame, but redshirt freshman left-hander Nick Diamond took the mound and recorded three consecutive outs to end the scoring risk and keep the Devils' one-run lead intact.
ASU secured three runs in the bottom of the seventh to extend its advantage to four, 6-2. Sophomore shortstop Jordan Aboites led off the frame with a triple and center fielder Johnny Sewald drove him home in the next at-bat with a single up the middle, Serven added an RBI single three batters later and Allen scored on a double-play groundout from DiNatale.
GU again threatened in the top of the eighth as they scored three runs on two walks and three singles, but freshman right-hander Eder Erives, in his team-high fifth appearance of the season, induced a popup to Aboites to end the frame. Fellow freshman right-hander Hever Bueno closed out the ninth.
Gonzaga starting right-hander Brandon Bailey (0-2) conceded four runs on seven hits in six innings in his second loss of the year.


text:
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Bigfoot, Sasquatch, Yeti, and Yowie information
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All original content is © by
default at first publication, 2000, RatsNest
All other content is © by or is the intellectual property of its respective authors.


text:
About the OERA Data Portal
This site provides easy access to published tidal energy research documents. Content includes areas such as marine renewable energy, legislation, strategic environmental assessments, socio-economics and hydrodynamic modeling research.
Offshore Energy Research Association of Nova Scotia (OERA) is an independent, not-for-profit organization that funds and facilitates collaborative offshore energy and environmental research and development including examination of renewable energy resources and their interaction with the marine environment. Our mission is to lead environmental, renewable and geoscience energy research that enables the sustainable development of Nova Scotia energy resources through strategic partnerships with academic, government and industry.
OERA was previously known as Offshore Energy Environmental Research (OEER) and Offshore Energy Technical Research (OETR) and was formed in 2006 with funding from the Nova Scotia Provincial Government. In April 2012, OEER and OETR amalgamated to become OERA, the Nova Scotian leader of research in petroleum exploration, development and production and renewable energy technologies (ocean currents, wind, tides and waves) on the marine environment. OERA's members are St. Francis Xavier University, Acadia University, Cape Breton University, Saint Mary's University, Dalhousie University and the Nova Scotia Department of Energy.
OERA seeks proposals that foster research and development related to offshore petroleum and renewable energy resources and their interaction with the marine environment and the diffusion of that knowledge including the assessment of the potential impacts of (i) petroleum exploration, development and production, and (ii) renewable energy technologies, exploiting ocean currents, wind, tides and waves, on the marine environment and where consistent with these goals to encourage building research capacity in Nova Scotia.
OERA is committed to working collaboratively with organizations that have similar goals to take advantage of opportunities to share resources and create synergies and prevent redundancies through collaboration. This collaboration includes working with local, national and international organizations. Collaboration also includes efforts to encourage sharing of work and resources among universities in Nova Scotia to the extent universities or research organizations outside the province have unique or additional resources, with other universities and research organizations.


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text:
"Based on a true story", of course, can easily be code for "very little truth remains", and many seem to be reacting to COMPLIANCE with disbelief. Surely, the events on screen are exaggerated?
They aren't.
A little background. Over the course of 12 years in America, 70 prank calls were made to fast food restaurants or grocery stores by a man claiming to be a policeman. What happened then, I'll save for Wikipedia, though be warned before you go reading that one of the cases there is pretty much beat for beat the inspiration for COMPLIANCE. All those who are wary of spoilers should know is that:
a) the wording of the R16 rating should give you a hint that things go very, very badly and
b) if you are tempted into disbelief during viewing, remind yourself that the most outlandish material in COMPLIANCE is lifted directly from court records. (Zobel asserts this in this highly spoilery but very interesting interview.)
COMPLIANCE is upsetting because we don't want to believe that the film's true. So perhaps it's best to talk about the director's original inspiration for the film, which wasn't the aforementioned case but the Milgram experiments. Psychologist Stanley Milgram oversaw an experiment in which participants were encouraged to administer electro-shock to another person in the service of learning word pairs. (In reality, the electro-shock was faked, but the participant didn't know this.) If the participant displayed reluctance, they were encouraged to continue, even though they could hear their victim's screams.
In the end, fully 65% of the participants were willing to administer the maximum 450-volt shock.
Last night was my second screening of COMPLIANCE, after seeing it at NZFF in July. A first viewing is roughly like getting hit by a bus, where one's immediate visceral emotional response overpowers any ability to rationally break down what's happening. This time I could look more analytically at the techniques used by "Officer Daniels" (Pat Healy) on the store's manager Sandra (Ann Dowd) and the young victim Becky (Dreama Walker), as well as the other employees that get sucked into the drama, and, most tragically, the manager's fiance Van (Bill Camp). Everyone believes they're doing the right thing; or, if they realize they aren't, "Officer Daniels" uses other techniques to ensure that they don't have a choice. Or feel like they have a choice. The extent to which those are actually two different things is one of many, many interesting discussions that this film can provoke.
(It's worth taking a moment here to acknowledge the largely stunning performances here; it's rare to see middle America portrayed on screen without condescension, and while Ann Dowd has been justly being praised, she's supported by an excellent ensemble: Bill Camp, in particular, takes an incredibly difficult role and nails it. And I think Dreama Walker's performance is being overlooked in many reviews.)
Anyway: on this watch, what's truly upsetting is how little physical coercion seems to be required to take Becky to the dark places she goes; the ending underscores how difficult it is to reconcile what each person believes about themselves with what they have done. We like to think that we are better than this, both individually and collectively, and indeed one frequent criticism of COMPLIANCE is from viewers who believe that the characters are stupid and that they, the viewer, wouldn't fall for such an obvious ploy.
Choose to believe that if you like. For my part, I'm on the side of A.V. Club writer Sam Adams, who notes in an excellent interview with Zobel: "The primary qualification for falling prey to something like this is being sure you never would."
COMPLIANCE is now screening exclusively in Auckland at Academy Cinemas. They're under new management now; those who have avoided it over the past few years should take note that they've fixed their sound system, and a upgrade to DCP is due within the month so top-quality pictures are hopefully soon to follow. If films like COMPLIANCE are a harbinger of what's to come programming-wise, I suspect I'll be spending a lot of time there; with most other arthouses in Auckland targeting the 60+ market, it's refreshing to have somebody focused on films that aren't safe or easy, but challenging and rewarding.


text:
Real Madrid are reported to have informed Cristiano Ronaldo that they will not allow him to leave the Santiago Bernabeu for a return to Manchester United in next year's summer transfer window.
Related Articles
- Manchester United fans send message to Cristiano Ronaldo
- Cristiano Ronaldo transfer speculation dismissed by Carlo Ancelotti
- Cristiano Ronaldo wants to be Real Madrid's new star centre-forward
Move ruled out?
Ronaldo has been extensively linked with a move back to Old Trafford and it has been claimed that Manchester United have already calculated the cost of a deal that would potentially secure the acquisition of the 29-year-old.
However, according to Goal.com, Real Madrid have made clear to Ronaldo that he will not be leaving the club at the end of the season, and are refusing to even discuss a fee for his potential departure amid fresh links to Manchester United.
It was claimed on Friday that Manchester United had already worked out just how much they believe it would take to sign Ronaldo, with a total expenditure of £140 million including both transfer fee and salary over a proposed four-year deal.
Massive salary
Manchester United would be required to pay Ronaldo £79 million in wages over this period were he to earn the same as his current net salary at Real Madrid, although he could fairly expect a pay increase were a deal to be done.
Louis van Gaal has expressed an interest in recruiting Ronaldo and, despite this supposed stance from Real Madrid and recent comments from the player, this is a story that will continue to run over the next few months.
Chelsea have also been linked with Ronaldo, although his 'non-existent' relationship with Jose Mourinho is likely to put paid to any potential move to Stamford Bridge.


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Developer Group Approved for Lincoln Heights Jail Revival
By Gloria Alvarez EGP Managing Editor
The Los Angeles City Council has signed off on a development team for the longtime empty and dilapidated Lincoln Heights Jail, but it could be two or more years before construction actually begins.
The winning bid is from the joint venture team of Lincoln Property Company and Fifteen Group. The developers' proposed Lincoln Heights Makers District beat out two other finalists vying to develop the site on the east bank of the Los Angeles River off Avenue 19 in Lincoln Heights, which is also conveniently within 5 to 10 minutes of six major freeways and a Metro rail station.
A favorite canvass of taggers and graffiti vandals in recent years, the Lincoln Heights Jail was built in 1931 and boasts an Art Deco design. In 1993, the Los Angeles Cultural Heritage Commission designated the building City Historic-Cultural Monument (No. 587), giving it local "Landmark Status."
The city stopped using the facility as a jail in 1965, eventually making it available to house nonprofit groups, including the Bilingual Foundation of the Arts (BFA) and Lincoln Height Boxing Gym. The building was permanently closed in 2014, with the city citing structural and other potential hazards as the reason.
The Lincoln Heights Makers redevelopment proposes an ambitious mix of live-work housing, creative office space, commercial and manufacturing and retail space, a public market, green space that includes an amphitheater, recreation space and a communal rooftop space.
The area is zoned "Urban Innovation," a relatively new classification intended to revitalize underutilized areas and spur job creation through truly mixed-uses, though housing and retail density quotas are significantly more limited than in some nearby areas.
Heavy industrial uses, from manufacturing to auto wrecking yards are prohibited.
Fifteen Group Vice President Rogelio Navar told EGP they propose to incorporate two properties they already own across the street from the jail into the overall project plan, adding over 3-acres to the overall development. The Lincoln Heights Makers District will run west to east from the L.A. River to San Fernando Road, and from the city yard north of Humbolt to just south of where Avenue 19 and Riverside Drive and Figueroa Street merge.
The combined sites will create a destination community, incorporating a variety of uses, Navar said. There will be open space, green space for recreation and for community gatherings, he said, adding that the live-work units could be used by artists.
While no specific tenants have been named, Navar said the building identified as Makers Hall would include 40,000 square-feet of light manufacturing, such as craft beer makers or coffee roasters.
"Our plan respects the goals of the CASP (Cornfield Arroyo Seco Plan) and the Urban Innovation zoning," said Navar, adding that other industries such as those in the bio-tech field could find a home at the site.
The Lincoln Heights Makers plan includes 57,000 square-feet for residential use on the Lincoln Heights Jail site, and proposes over 200,000 square-feet of residential space on the former MAGA building and Anhing properties – identified in the plan as the 405 Site – on the opposite The side of Avenue 19. Over 200,000 square-feet has been slated for commercial use and another 15,000 would go to retail uses, according to developers' bid. It includes community amenities such as youth sports fields and community gardens.
The developer is also proposing the creation of "Festival Street," a section of Avenue 19 that could be closed from time to time for community events, such as festivals, farmers market and the like.
At a community meeting earlier this year where the three finalists presented their proposals to a specially convened community advisory group and the community, some residents expressed concern that the projects could lead to more gentrification in the northeast area neighborhood.
According to Navar, however, the push back from the community over fears of gentrification has been less than in other areas of the city. He thinks it's because the site has been vacant for so long and is not surrounded by housing, so there is no affordable housing to be lost.
"This project will bring the area into the Lincoln Heights community, connecting it to the neighborhood," he said.
"I want to point out that Councilman (Gil) Cedillo did a tremendous job of informing and engaging the community in the process," Navar said, noting that Cedillo had "appointed a special advisory panel" made up of people from the community, including residents, businesses and the neighborhood council to evaluate the proposals and make recommendations to the city council, ensuring the community had voice, he said.
Details of the development contract, including fees to be paid, the disposition of adjacent city-owned property currently in use by the transportation and sanitation departments, still have to be finalized. Once that is complete, the actual permitting process will get underway.
"It will probably be two years before building begins," Navar said.Print This Post
November 15, 2017 Copyright © 2012 Eastern Group Publications, Inc.
Comments are intended to further discussion on the article topic. EGPNews reserves the right to not publish, edit or remove comments that contain vulgarities, foul language, personal attacks, racists, sexist, homophobic or other offensive terminology or that contain solicitations, spam, or that threaten harm of any sort. EGPNews will not approve comments that call for or applaud the death, injury or illness of any person, regardless of their public status. Questions regarding this policy should be e-mailed to firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Emerson living on food stamp budget
Tuesday, May 15, 2007
WASHINGTON -- One large box of pasta? Check. Fresh avocados? No way.
On a shopping trip Monday through a Capitol Hill grocery store, Missouri Rep. Jo Ann Emerson tried to figure out how to buy an entire week's worth of groceries, but spend no more than $1 per meal.
That's the challenge every week for some food stamp recipients who depend solely on the subsidy for their meals.
Emerson, a Cape Girardeau Republican, and Rep. Jim McGovern, D-Mass., volunteered to spend seven days on a food stamp budget to highlight the challenges low-income people face in eating a healthy diet at current benefit levels.
"Most people on a day-to-day basis don't think about the fact that there are millions of people in this country who have to make a choice every day about how much they're going to spend on food," Emerson said.
Earlier this month, Emerson and McGovern sponsored legislation that would boost spending for federal nutrition programs -- including food stamps -- by $20 billion over five years.
According to the U.S. Agriculture Department, the average monthly food stamp benefit in fiscal 2005 was $94.05, or about $3 per day.
While food stamps are meant as a safety net to supplement a family's food budget, many who are unemployed or in financial trouble have to rely completely on government assistance. The "food stamp challenge," sponsored by anti-hunger activists around the country, encourages people to see what it's like to cap a weekly grocery bill at $21 per person.
Emerson limited her weekly budget to $33 because her husband, Ron Gladney, will participate for four days as well before going on a business trip.
Even after Emerson spent two hours preparing for the shopping trip by reviewing Safeway prices online, she had to make some tough choices. She loaded up on staples like chicken breasts, spaghetti and tuna.
But she had to leave favorite fruits and vegetables like strawberries and avocados behind. They were too expensive. And snack foods like Wheat Thins? Forget about it.
During the hour she navigated the store aisles, Emerson faced many of the issues that nearly 800,000 food stamp recipients in Missouri confront every day.
She bought hamburger meat higher in fat because it was less expensive than lean beef. She wanted more nutritious whole-wheat pasta, but settled on cheaper white flour pasta.
"I'll save over a dollar by blowing my low-carb diet," Emerson said.
Low-income shoppers face other hurdles, like not being able to buy sale items in bulk if they use public transportation, said Alexandra Ashbrook, director of the anti-hunger group D.C. Hunger Solutions, who accompanied Emerson on the shopping trip.
"A lot of people don't even live near a large grocery store so they can't go and take advantage of the sale prices," Ashbrook said.
Emerson's one splurge was a small package of blue cheese at $3.29 to toss in salads. She had to return a carton of eggs to work it into her budget.
Even with a staffer tracking her every purchase with a calculator and notepad, things were tense at the checkout line.
With the cash register showing $32.63, there was still a large bottle of seltzer water left on the conveyer belt. She had to return it.
"This is really a challenge," Emerson said with a sigh. "There are a lot of people in this country who go through this every day."


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Here's some new heat for y'all. A few weeks after releasing his Zero Gravity II project, King Los decides to drop off this unreleased freestyle that didn't make the mixtapes final cut.
As usual, Los spits some serious rhymes over Tyga's infectious record "Molly", which originally saw features from Wiz and Mally Mall. The Maryland rapper rarely disappoints with his freestyles, and this justifies that case even stronger.
Check it out for yourself, and let us know what ya think!
If you haven't done so already, make sure you cop Zero Gravity II here.
Quotable Lyrics:
We be like, fuck is you mean?
Niggas actin like whores for real
We do it for real, ride Porche's for real
My nigga really ride with them full fours for real


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Claudette Colbert
Claudette Colbert wallpapers for your PC, Android Device, Iphone or Tablet PC. If you want to download Claudette Colbert High Quality wallpapers for your desktop, please download this wallpapers above and click «set as desktop background». You can share this wallpaper in social networks, we will be very grateful to you.
Born September 13, 1903
Date of death July 30, 1996 / '92
Place of birth Saint-Manda, France
Awards and Prizes
Oscar 1 and 2 award nomination
Golden globe 1 award
All awards and nominations
The American actress, winner of awards "Oscar" and "Golden Globe", recognized as one of the leading comedienne 1930 hgodov.
Born in the French town of Saint-Manda, she spent her childhood in New York, where her parents had immigrated in 1906. Claudette acting career began in 1920 on Broadway, then continued in a silent movie, and then she came in and sound films without complications.
Popularity to Colbert came in the late 1920s and early 1930s, with films such as "Lady lying" (1929), where her heroine – a saleswoman, fascinated by a man much older than her, and "Honor among Lovers" (1931) where Colbert played a secretary, in love with his boss. Colbert in these years – it's a femme fatale, with black, cropped hair and exaggerated makeup. This applies to her work at the Cecil DeMille: the role of the Empress Poppea in "Sign of the Cross" (1932), where a naked actress bathed in milk, or the role of the Egyptian queen Cleopatra in "Cleopatra" (1934).
After 1934 its image has changed – now blonde, she performs in roles of exemplary wives and housewives. Colbert was shot mostly on Paramount Pictures, eventually becoming one of the highest paid actresses in the United States. Her most striking and well-known role remains a spoiled heiress Ellie Andrews in a fun comedy of Frank Capra's "It Happened One Night" (1935), for which she received the "Oscar". She has twice been nominated for an Academy Award, has for his dramatic role in the film "Private Worlds" (1936) and "Ever since you left" (1945).
By the end of 1950 its film career went into decline. In 1961, she last appeared on the big screen in the movie "Parrish". After that, she continued her career on the stage in England and the USA, as well as a couple of times on television appeared. The last years of her life she spent in his summer house in the city Speystaun in Barbados, where she died in 1996 after a few strokes at the age of 92 years.
For his contribution to cinema was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. In 1999 it was included in the list of the 100 greatest movie stars.


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Sunday, January 9, 2011
After the block I picked her up. Her teachers were loving and kind and assured me that she had done just fine. She excitedly showed me what she had made in class, and using it, explained the Joseph Smith story. She repeated it on the car ride home. Later that day as I recounted the exchange with her teachers to Jimmy, I couldn't help but feel very grateful.
Today was the first experience of what will likely be hundreds, maybe even thousands of lessons and activities for our daughter, just for being a member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Each week, she will be fed and taught by loving and willing volunteers for hopefully the rest of her life. Aside from what she learns at home, she will be taught and enlightened by countless others.
So tonight I am grateful. Grateful to be part of such a wonderful organization. Grateful to good teachers who took time to teach my three year-old today and for those many, many, that will come down the road. It feels good to be a member of the Church.
These thoughts reminded me of this quote from Elder Holland's last conference address. I loved this talk.
3 comments:
- Mary Anne said...
She is one smart girl, that Hannah. No doubt she had already heard that story at home. Come to think of it, though...I'm not sure I've told it to Sadie in its entirety. See...this is what you do. Inspire me to be better and help me think of things I should be doing to better teach my children. And I love Primary. I'm so glad for my recent call to serve there. Couldn't be happier. We really are blessed to be members of the church. I was thinking about that yesterday. You always hear about how the church is "the same everywhere," and after seeing it firsthand I couldn't be more grateful.
- January 10, 2011 at 12:54 AM
- Emma said...
I love that little girl so much!
- January 10, 2011 at 5:24 AM
- Heidi said...
Wow I can't believe she is a CTR! Again so crazy to me how she is only a few months older than Max yet he won't be there for another year.
I'm pretty sure my CTR4 kids have no idea what I've taught them about in class; go Hannah for remembering what she was taught!
- January 10, 2011 at 8:13 PM


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Carlos Vela, Bacary Sagna and Samir Nasri found the net before Celtic hit back with late goals as Arsenal won the Emirates Cup with a 3-2 win.
It took Theo Walcott, who looked fresh from a summer's rest, just three minutes to open up the Celtic defence as Vela swept the Gunners into the lead.
Arsenal doubled their advantage just before half-time when Celtic failed to clear a corner and full-back Sagna blasted an 18-yard angled drive inside the near post, before substitute Samir Nasri swept the Gunners into a 3-0 lead on 51 minutes following more good work by Walcott down the right.
Jack Wilshere, who produced an all-action display which was almost capped by a goal when his stunning first-half volley smashed against the crossbar, showed his inexperience by wrestling Celtic substitute Fortune to the floor in the penalty area on 69 minutes, but was let off when former Manchester City striker Georgios Samaras ballooned his spot-kick over the crossbar.
Manuel Almunia, who had not had much to do, pulled off a fine one-handed save to deny Efrain Juarez, but was beaten on 73 minutes when Daryl Murphy, a summer signing from Sunderland, knocked the ball in after it rebounded across the six-yard box.
The Arsenal goalkeeper denied Murphy when, with eight minutes left, the reshuffled home defence was opened up again, before Ki Sung-yueng eventually made it 3-2 with a close-range effort.
Copyright (c) PA Sport 2009, All Rights Reserved.


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As I promised some time back, I would post the reply from the DNC re: the Michigan and Florida issues as relates to the Obama-Clinton standoff.
And, get this: It wasn't a form letter! Holy cow!
Without further ado....
March 12, 2008
Dear (IrritatedVet),
Thank you for writing to the Democratic National Committee. I am glad to hear that you participated in the Democratic caucus in Maine.
I understand your concerns regarding the delegates from Folrida and Michigan. As of this time, both states remain in non-compliance with a 100% loss of their delegates. The results of the January primaries in either state cannot count towards the nomination because the January dates violate the DNC's rules. However, if Florida or Michigan chooses to hold new primaries or caucuses they may regain their delegates. This is a move the DNC would welcome because we know how inportant it is to the Party that these two states play a meaningful role in the nominating process. If they do not hold new primaries or caucuses then this issue will ultimately be resolved by the Convention Credentials Committee after we have a nominee.
Thank you for writing and for your brave service to our country. Please feel free to contact us again in the future.
Governor Howard Dean, M.D.
Well, there you have it. We know now that FLA and MI will not have a re-vote, but I'm waiting for Sen. Clinton - who went into this fully expecting that the nomination was already hers - to find another way to have those states counted. I wonder if she's gonna pull an Al Gore and go to court over this...and I think that it's pretty clear that her case would be pretty weak.
After all, she, Obama and the other candidates agreed to the FL and MI penalties in the first place.
Sorry, Hillary, the coronation is off.


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Drinking a big pot of this while I crochet my current pattern idea while watching Korean cooking shows on youbtube. Uggg, I hope it turns out, it's a bit of a gamble as it's a felting project and I've never done a felting pattern before.
Very nice, strawberry, guava, hint of ginger over white tea. The ginger is very gentle here.


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I wonder if I'm alone in not always feeling 100% like playing chess. For instance, over the past couple of weeks I've been quite busy with work, and when I arrived at the Melbourne Chess Club last night I was not really in the mood to play chess. I had not prepared at all and felt more like having a night off. However, when you've committed to a tournament you have no choice but to play. In some respects I was lucky as my opponent, Malcolm Pyke, had concussion earlier in the day and also didn't feel like playing, but felt he had to turn up and try his best. So when I took a risk and offered him an early draw after just 15 moves, it didn't take him long to shake my hand and we were resetting the pieces. From a competitive point of view, the draw did neither of us any favours, as both of us were half a point behind current leaders of the City of Melbourne Open, Ari Dale and Justin Penrose. Ari took full advantage of this beating Justin and now stands a full point clear of the field with only 2 games to go. Malcolm, Justin and myself are in joint second as none of the chasing pack could win to catch up. However, just half a point behind are a group of 6 players. The winner of the tournament will definitely come from this group, but Ari must now be a firm favourite, and has control of his own destiny in this event, while the rest of us are hoping that results go our way.
I must say that after the dull World Championship, the chess world was treated to some absolutely great fighting chess in the Tal Memorial. It is really great when a whole tournament is exciting, from the first round to the last, and even before the last round the winner was in doubt. If a tournament book of this event was published, I wouldn't hesitate to buy it. In fact, of all genre of chess books, tournament books are my favourites. My all time favourite book is Bronstein's monster account of the Zurich 1953 Candidates tournament. As a young player this was a great inspiration to me. So I was very happy to see that me favourite tournament has another classic book written about it, by another competitor Miguel Najdorf. Najdorf's account was in Spanish and has only recently been translated into English. It is a book that I had to have, and I hope it provides the same inspiration that Bronstein's account did. While many of the games will be familiar to me, I am sure Najdorf's particular style will show them in a different light to Bronstein. Anyway, I am very excited to be waiting for this book's delivery.
And to finish with, a couple of WTF's....
FIDE President visits Syria
FIDE bans arbiters


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Category: Dog Park
Neighborhood: Vancouver BC
Olympic Village Offleash Dog park (Hinge Park)
215 West 1st Avenue Vancouver, BC V5Y1A6 Canada
Hinge Park is Vancouver's newest dog park. This fenced dog park is located on the NW corner of the new South East False Creek park site. Although the park is now operational it has still not been officially named. The park is most commonly referred to as Olympic Village Dog Park or Hinge Park. There is a very large amount of bicycle traffic whizzing around the area so you need to be extremely cautious on your way to the park and also when leaving. A few dogs on long leashes have gotten tangled up by speeding bicycles. I would avoid the bike/pedestrian path altogether and stay on the main sidewalk instead.


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Dr.-Ing Axel Sikora leads lecture session on IoT at IIITM-K
Thiruvananthapuram, Feb. 13: Interconnected devices should be provided with a high degree of smartness by enabling their adaptation and autonomous behaviour while guaranteeing trust, security, and privacy of the users and their data, according to Dr.-Ing Axel Sikora, a leading expert on the subject from Germany.
Delivering a lecture on the "Interoperability, Security and Reliability for a scalable Internet of Things" at the Indian Institute of Information Technology (IIITM-K) here, Dr Sikora also dwelt on some of the challenging research issues of prime focus such as achieving full interoperability between interconnected devices.
The talk, which focused on the immense potential of the Internet of Things (IoT), was organized recently in association with IEEE Communications Society,Kerala Chapter,and ACM Trivandrum Professional Chapter.
"There is a necessity to provide an efficient network architecture that helps develop many scalable, interoperable and predictable IoT applications," said Dr. Sikora, who is from the Institute of Reliable Embedded Systems and Communication Electronics (ivESK), Offenburg University of Applied Sciences, Germany.
He also touched upon several of his projects with industrial partners connecting the IoT paradigm in diverse fields such as automotive and telemetry, industrial and process automation and in home and building automation.
The presentation was attended by an elite audience comprising industrialists, practitioners and research scholars, who were passionate about the uprising technology.
The session offered an opportunity for researchers and industrialists to interact and collaborate with one of the most acclaimed industrialists with deep insights into the IoT.
The IIITM-K is exploring the wider prospects of the IoT applications by taking up several important projects and trainings and internship programmes. It offers a healthy IoT research milieu and accommodates experts and researchers focusing on this area.
This technology is imbibed by several sectors in the country, including health, agriculture, rural development and buildings and irrigation.
Dr. Sikora has been the Deputy Member of the Board and Head of the "Software Solutions" division at Hahn-Schickard Association of Applied Research, Germany since 2016.
Designed and Developed by MD Niche's own Website Ninjas


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In a move that takes Dr. Robert and his Blow Monkeys even further from their soul-inflected roots, 'If Not Now, When?' finds the Eighties stalwarts going in an all-out rock direction. The good doctor claims to have been trying to channel the spirit of Eddie Cochran and Chuck Berry, and that's undoubtedly there like it is in any blues-influenced music, but here that influence manifests itself more in a decent pastiche of the Stones with all their Seventies swagger in tow.
Review : .....this may be the best thing they've ever done. On what I hear, he may just be right this time – but with songs this good further investigation is most definitely required.
We hope you all enjoyed listening to the world exclusive play of our new single "OK! Have It Your Way" on the Graham Norton Show on BBC Radio 2 yesterday...
Since they reformed in 2008 The Blow Monkeys have been recording and performing again with almost indecent haste. This process culminated in 2012's much lauded "Feels Like A New Morning" album and now takes a great big leap forward into the present with their tenth studio album "If Not Now, When?", due for release on 6th April, 2015.


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How to Become An Early Riser - To Be More Productive
Amir Rimer, My great passion in life is to teach others
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1. V2mp44:54
2. V4finishmp45:46
About This Class
In video 1 - you will discover how to be more productive in your business by becoming an early riser. The tips that I will give you in this lesson will revolutionize not only your business, but also your life.
Video 2 is a bonus video that is aimed to maxiize your life. We have always been told that we must think big in order to achieve our goals. I think otherwise, I think that you will be much more productive if you don't think big. Actually thinking big might be the thing that prevents you from being productive.
Class Projects See All
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Community Generated
The level is determined by a majority opinion of students who have reviewed this class. The teacher's recommendation is shown until at least 5 student responses are collected.
Offline - I have have been an elementary school teacher teaching kids in the 4th grade, and also a tech representative in DELL, and in Israel's biggest Internet Service Provider for 8 years,
i am also a book author.
Online - I have been a website developer, affiliate marketer, writer, website seller, and a business owner (who sold thousands of digital products) for the past 18 years.
I am joint venture with the top gurus on the Intenret.
I have created and launche...


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Ira Losco gives birth to baby Harry
Harry and Ira perfectly healthy and recovering in hospital
Malta's Eurovision sweetheart Ira Losco gave birth last night and named her son Harry!
And here's the first picture...
Ira's partner Sean Gravina broke the news on Facebook this morning:
"What an absolute journey from the beginning till the very end of it. Our baby Harry was born last night and Ira is recovering perfectly, she was great."
"I have something to say about the hospital here, they are absolutely incredible. Ultimate organisation and extreme timing, Ira's delivery wasn't an easy one and they took care of it so amazingly well. I'd like to thank all the doctors and nurses especially Carmen Wareing who took care of Ira with such care and passion, our Anaesthetist, Ira's gynaecologist Mark Sant who supported her through out her pregnancy and Dr. Samuel our paediatrician who took care of Harry during his first minutes of life. I wish I could remember all the names, thank you all for your love and support. Harry and Ira are both healthy and settled in hospital," he said.
Lovin Malta this week speculated about the name the couple would give the child. What can we say? We were onto something!


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We only deal with Captive Bred tortoises, so our knowledge is second to none, that's why we have so many happy customers!
There has been a recent increase of people offering tortoises for sale with little or no knowledge or the care and husbandry required for the tortoise's long term health and welfare.
As a result of this we are inundated with requests for advice on all aspects of tortoise care. It's for this reason that we offer a lifetime Advice Membership for those who have purchased a tortoise from elsewhere and need a little help.
Should you choose to purchase one of our tortoises, you will receive all the help you will ever need, free of charge.
The Tortoise Shop © 2002 - 2019 Terms & Conditions | Privacy & Cookies* | Website by Created by Sowden Digital.


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Kickboxing promotion Glory 43 is held on July 14 at The Theater at Madison Square Garden in New York.
Glory 43 is an eleven-fight bill. A five-fight card airs on ESPN3 following a six-fight program on UFC Fight Pass. Last week the organization revealed a complete matchmaking for the upcoming show.
On Tuesday the promotion announced that a previously expected three-round bout between Pavel Zhuravlev of Ukraine and Saulo Cavalari of Brazil is now set for five rounds. Furthermore, the winner of the contest will be titled as an interim champion in the light heavyweight class.
The current champion in the division is Artem Vakhitov of Russia. At a later date he will face off an interim title holder in the championship unification.
"With what is sure to be an incredible fight between two top-three light heavyweights [in Cavalari and Zhuravlev], we wanted to create stakes fitting of their ranking and the prestige of Madison Square Garden," said Glory matchmaker and managing director Sports Cor Hemmers.
"Our champion Vakhitov injured his hand following GLORY 38 Chicago and is working hard toward returning later this year. In the meantime, Cavalari or Zhuravlev will be established as interim champion."
The fight cards for Glory 43 New York and Glory 43 Super Fight Series can be found below.
GLORY 43 New York on ESPN3
Featherweight Tournament Final Bout: Winner of Bout A vs. Winner of Bout B
Heavyweight Co-Headline Bout: Benjamin Adegbuyi vs. Guto Inocente
Lightweight Bout Josh Jauncey vs. Elvis Gashi
Featherweight Tournament Semifinal Bout B: Matt Embree vs. Kevin Vannostrand
Featherweight Tournament Semifinal Bout A: Giga Chikadze vs. Aleksei Ulianov
GLORY 43 Super Fight Series on UFC Fight Pass
Light Heavyweight Headline Bout: Saulo Cavalari vs. Zhuravlev
Featherweight Bout Bailey Sugden vs. Arthur Sorsor
Middleweight Bout Ariel Sepulveda vs. Joe Taylor
Featherweight Bout Mo Abdurahman vs. Chenchen Li
Lightweight Bout Itay Gershon vs. Rafal Dudek
Super Bantamweight Bout Anissa Meksen vs. Jady Menezes