text:
- Research
- Open Access
A major depression prognosis calculator based on episode duration
- Scott B Patten1Email author
© Patten; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2006
- Received: 20 March 2006
- Accepted: 14 June 2006
- Published: 14 June 2006
Epidemiological data have shown that the probability of recovery from an episode declines with increasing episode duration, such that the duration of an episode may be an important factor in determining whether treatment is required. The objective of this study is to incorporate episode duration data into a calculator predicting the probability of recovery during a specified interval of time.
Data from two Canadian epidemiological studies were used, both studies were components of a program undertaken by the Canadian national statistical agency. One component was a cross-sectional psychiatric epidemiological survey (n = 36,984) and the other was a longitudinal study (n = 17,262).
A Weibull distribution provided a good description of episode durations reported by subjects with major depression in the cross-sectional survey. This distribution was used to develop a discrete event simulation model for episode duration calibrated using the longitudinal data. The resulting estimates were then incorporated into a predictive calculator. During the early weeks of an episode, recovery probabilities are high. The model predicts that approximately 20% will recover in the first week after diagnostic criteria for major depression are met. However, after six months of illness, recovery during a subsequent week is less than 1%.
The duration of an episode is relevant to the probability of recovery. This epidemiological feature of depressive disorders can inform prognostic judgments. Watchful waiting may be an appropriate strategy for mild episodes of recent onset, but the risks and benefits of this strategy must be assessed in relation to time since onset of the episode.
- Major Depression
- Weibull Distribution
- Major Depressive Episode
- Composite International Diagnostic Interview
- Canadian Community Health Survey
Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) provide important mechanisms for integrating scientific evidence with clinical care. The process of developing guidelines, however, depends largely on data from randomized controlled trials, and the resulting recommendations are not always generalizable to real-world populations. Most CPGs in North America regard fulfillment of DSM-IV criteria for major depression as a de facto indication for pharmacological or non-pharmacological treatment e.g. [1], whereas the UK National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidelines indicate that mild episodes may not require treatment with antidepressants [2].
These apparent inconsistencies relate to a broader debate within psychiatric epidemiology concerning the clinical significance of depressive episodes identified in community studies. Attention has been drawn to this issue by Narrow et al. [3] who found that including items relating to "clinical significance" in diagnostic algorithms applied to data from structured diagnostic interviews can substantially alter prevalence estimates. More recently, Brugha et al. have highlighted a similar issue by noting poor agreement between results from a fully structured lay administered diagnostic interview and a semi-structured interview administered by clinicians [4, 5].
Epidemiological data about the prognosis of episodes can help to inform clinical decisions. Much of the research on determinants of episode duration has been conducted in clinical samples [6, 7], but community studies have also been published. The Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study (NEMESIS) reported that physical illness, lack of social support, severity of depression and having had a previous long episode were all associated with increased duration of an index major depressive episode [8]. In an analysis of incident cases in NEMESIS, Spijker et al. found that demographic variables did not predict episode duration [9]. It was noted that about half of such episodes resolved within three months, but that the rate of recovery appeared to slow over time. An association between previous severe recurrences and the duration of more recent episodes was interpreted as possible evidence of a "scar" effect [10]. Another source of episode duration data is the NIMH Collaborative Depression Study [11]. A key result from this study was that the probability of recovery declined with increasing episode duration [12]. The same finding was suggested by models fit to data from the Canadian National Population Health Survey (NPHS) [13–15]. The modeling approach used in the latter study should give similar results to the approach employed here, which used the Weibull distribution (see below, Methods).
The Canadian Community Health Survey, Mental Health and Well-being (CCHS 1.2) was a national survey conducted in 2002. The target population consisted of residents of private dwellings (ie. non-institutionalized or homeless) who were aged 15 years or older in the 10 Canadian provinces. The survey had a sample size of 36,984 and achieved a response rate of 77%. All subjects were administered a Canadian version of the World Mental Health (WMH) Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) developed for the World Mental Health 2000 project and known as the WMH-CIDI [16]. Detailed methodological information about the CCHS 1.2 has recently been reported [17] and additional information is available on-line, including an electronic copy of the WMH-CIDI version used [18].
As noted above, available evidence suggests that the probability of recovery from a major depressive episode declines with increasing episode duration. In engineering applications, a situation emerges which is analogous to this. Engineers attempting to model the rate of failure of machinery often observe that the rate of failure is not constant over time, but rather increases as the machine gets older. The Weibull distribution can be used to model this situation. In the current study, application of the Weibull distribution to describe major depressive episode duration was explored. Subsequently, a simulation model was developed and calibrated using a longitudinal data source. A prognosis "calculator" depicting the relationship between episode duration and prognosis was also made.
The version of the CIDI used in the CCHS 1.2 includes inquiries about the length of first episodes for subjects reporting multiple episodes of major depression. These data were used to examine the usefulness of the Weibull model for describing the duration of episodes. STATA 8.0 [19] was used to fit a Weibull model to the data using a least squares non-linear modeling procedure (the STATA 'nl' command) for Weibull and exponential models, the latter representing a situation where there is a constant rate of recovery.
The National Population Health Survey (NPHS) is a longitudinal study that began in 1994 with the selection of a representative sample of 17,262 from the Canadian general population. Subjects have been re-interviewed every two years since then, in 1996, 1998, 2000, 2002 and 2004, although data from the 2004 interview have not been released. In this paper, the intervals between these interviews are referred to as "cycles" such that 1994 to 1996 is Cycle 1, 1996 to 1998 is Cycle 2 and so on. The NPHS interview included the CIDI Short Form for major depression (CIDI-SFMD) [20], which is a brief predictive interview that assesses 12-month period prevalence of major depression. The positive predictive value of the CIDI-SFMD for CIDI-defined major depressive episode is probably between 75% and 90% [20, 21]. Using the NPHS, it is possible to estimate an approximation of annual incidence: the proportion of the cohort that were CIDI-SFMD negative at the beginning of a cycle (e.g. 1994), who were positive at their next interview at the end of the cycle (in this case 1996). The NPHS included an item for those positive on the CIDI-SFMD, asking about weeks depressed in the past year. This variable is related to, but not exactly equivalent to, episode duration.
Discrete event simulation modeling used the software Arena [22], which is one of several commercially available programs that provide a graphical interface for developing simulation models in the SIMAN language. The simulation model was set up to accommodate the previously mentioned idiosyncrasies of the NPHS study design: (a) the assessment of annual (past year) major depression prevalence when the interviews occurred two years apart, and (b) the measurement of weeks depressed in the past year rather than episode duration. An annual incidence rate and the two parameters that define a Weibull distribution (a "scale" and "shape" parameter) were considered inputs, or "controls" in the model. Simulated weeks depressed in past year was one output, as was the simulated proportion of subjects without major depression at the start of the cycle who had two weeks or more of depression during the final 365 days of the 730 day simulation cycle. This proportion is described using the term "approximate incidence proportion" in the remainder of the manuscript.
Another software program, called OptQuest [23], was used for the simulation analyses to identify values for the three inputs (annual incidence, scale and shape) that would lead to simulated outputs most closely approximating the NPHS results. OptQuest works by running replicated simulations using different values for input variables and finding those that minimize or maximize specified outputs. To assist with model calibration, two sum of squared difference variables were created: (a) the sum of squared differences between the observed and simulated approximate incidence proportions and (b) the sum of squared differences between the simulated and observed frequencies of weeks depressed in the past year. OptQuest was used to identify input values that would minimize these two variables, thereby finding a set of inputs that would, according to the model, lead to the observed NPHS data.
Incidence, and the Weibull parameters were calculated for each of the four available cycles, and quantile-quantile plots of simulated versus observed data were used to assess the adequacy of the simulations. The cumulative distribution for major depression episode duration, according to the parameter estimates from the model, were placed into an Excel® spreadsheet projecting the probability of recovery as a function of episode duration. The spreadsheet contains four macros, so that by clicking one of four buttons the user can substitute Weibull estimates derived from any of the four cycles in the calculation of the cumulative recovery probabilities. The spreadsheet can be downloaded through the Additional File 1 link associated with this paper.
In the CCHS 1.2, there were 4,713 subjects with lifetime major depression, representing a weighted lifetime prevalence of 12.2%. Of these subjects, 1944 reported an episode of major depression in the 12 months preceding their interview (weighted 12-month prevalence 4.8%). Episode duration data were collected using items that asked about the length of the first episode. This question was asked to 2905 subjects who reported having at least two lifetime episodes. There were 264 subjects who did not respond to this item, such that complete data was collected from 2641 (90.9%) of relevant subjects.
Reported lengths of first episodes, respondents reporting 2 or more lifetime episodes, Canadian Community Health Survey 1.2.
Episode duration (as reported)
Episode duration converted to weeks for non-linear model fitting (weeks)
Cumulative (%)
2 weeks
459 (16.0)
3 weeks
170 (5.9)
1 month
245 (8.6)
2 months
285 (10.0)
3 months
230 (8.0)
4 months
91 (3.2)
5 months
47 (1.6)
6 months
239 (8.4)
7 months
20 (0.7)
8 months
46 (1.6)
9 months
17 (0.6)
10 months
28 (1.0)
11 months
10 (0.4)
1 year
240 (8.4
2 years*
343 (12.0)
5 years*
392 (13.7)
2,862 (100)
The probability of recovery by time was related to a two parameter Weibull distribution, with a scale parameter 'a' and shape parameter 'b':
Cumulative Probability of Recovery = 1 - exp[-(time/a)b]
Estimated annual incidence and Weibull parameters for major depression
Approximate incidence proportion*
Model-Based Estimates
Approximate Incidence Proportion*
Adjusted Annual Incidence**
Weibull Scale Parameter
Weibull Shape Parameter
The models and data presented here are consistent with the idea that the probability of recovery from major depressive episodes diminishes with increasing episode duration, as suggested by previous studies. Changes that occur over time as episodes unfold may be related to a diminished propensity for recovery. For example, neurotoxicity or a failure of neurogenesis, see reviews [27, 28] may lead to decreasing hippocampal cellular reserves as episodes get longer. In turn, this may be related to a diminishing propensity for recovery. Similarly, cognitive, behavioural and social changes that occur during depression may become more entrenched and habitual with increasing episode duration.
In more practical terms, these result are consistent with the idea that a large number of depressive episodes occurring in community populations resolve quickly. Since many episodes last only a few weeks, the results seem consistent with the idea that not all major depressive episodes require treatment, an idea endorsed by the NICE guidelines. This conclusion seems even more evident when one considers that treatment generally takes several weeks to be effective. However, a significant qualification applies to this finding. In these models, "prevalent" cases of depression were excluded at the baseline time point for each cycle. This was done so that the frequency of episodes at the end of a cycle would approximate incidence rather than prevalence. Projections beyond the two year time frame must be considered speculative by virtue of the modeling methods employed. However, the tendency of recovery rates to decline with increasing episode duration implies that over time there is likely to be an accumulation of chronic episodes in the population. As such, whereas new episodes appear often to be of brief duration this does not necessarily mean that episodes detected, for example, during screening in primary care are necessarily brief. These may be prevalent cases that have been undetected and may represent longstanding episodes that have accumulated in the population. This distinction may be an important one clinically. In one sense, the results presented here seem consistent with the idea that "watchful waiting" may be a reasonable strategy for mild depression, but they also imply that decisions about how long to wait should be made with reference not to the time of detection or clinical presentation, but rather with reference to the time of onset of an episode.
The fitted values from NPHS are presented in an electronic attachment to this paper, Additional File 2. The study estimates of incidence and Weibull scale and shape are depicted in the form of a 14 day animation of the NPHS, visually depicting the epidemiology as described by the models. This particular animation incorporates the incidence and duration estimates from the 2000–2002 NPHS cycle. The animation illustrates that even though most new episodes are brief, there is an accumulation of longer episodes in the prevalence pool.
The concept of persistence is central to existing definitions of depressive episodes. The concept of duration is one of the ways in which these definitions attempt to distinguish between episodes that are or are not clinically relevant. The general idea of including persistence in diagnostic definitions receives support from these results in the sense that duration seems strongly related to prognosis, but as the probability of recovery appears to decline as a function of episode duration, the use of any particular time frame, such as the two week reference period used by DSM [29] and ICD-10 [25] seems inadequate. The output of the calculator indicates that an episode that has only lasted a few weeks is likely to be associated with a high rate of recovery in the following few weeks, whereas an episode that has lasted for many weeks has a low probability of recovery in the next few weeks. It may be more meaningful to treat episode duration as a dimensional quality at the time of presentation, incorporating epidemiological data into clinical judgments based on this quantity.
These results also have implications for screening in clinical settings. In primary care, active case-finding is often an element of disease management strategies, e.g. [30–34], see also a review by Katon [35]. These results suggest that early detection by screening may potentially result in identification of a subgroup with a much better prognosis, and perhaps with a sizable likelihood of recovery even if untreated. Screening measures should be carefully organized and monitored so that they do not cause a diversion of resources away from individuals with greater needs. Such a diversion will not necessarily occur, but could occur if screening resulted primarily in the detection of brief and self-limited episodes. According to the calculator, a person with a three week duration of symptoms has an approximately 40% chance of recovery in the next six weeks, whereas a person with a 23 week duration has less than a 5% chance over the same interval. The risks and benefits of depression screening in various clinical populations will depend not only on the basic features that are usually considered: the prevalence of depression in those populations, the sensitivity and specificity of the measures employed, but also on help-seeking behavior and health systems issues. While traditional screening assessments are based on symptom rating scales or subsets of related questions, items about symptom duration may be more critical than has previously been believed.
The very high probability of recovery in the early weeks of a major depressive episode, combined with the necessity for several weeks of treatment before a response is expected, may suggest that many people with short-lived symptoms do not need active treatment. It is possible, as noted above, that the reasons for the declining recovery rate as episodes get longer is a result of secondary effects of the depression itself. This possibility creates an argument for earlier intervention, rather than expectant management. Further research will be needed to resolve these questions.
The calculator presented in this paper helps to illustrate the importance of episode duration on the probability of recovery in the near future. With the development of more sophisticated episode duration models, it should be possible to develop calculators such as this one into more sophisticated decision-support tools. A step in this direction would involve incorporating other predictors of duration into the calculator's algorithms. However, such efforts need to account for the apparent relationship between episode duration and recovery probability and should not be restricted to estimating average frequencies of recovery or mean episode durations. Furthermore, in view of an apparent change in the probability of recovery over time, classical survival analysis models (particularly those requiring a constant hazard function) are probably not adequate for this task.
Dr. Patten is a Health Scholar with the Alberta Heritage Foundation for Medical Research and a Research Fellow with the Institute of Health Economics.
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Breastfeeding is sadly, quite the contentious subject. Whether it's die hard advocates who make formula Mama's feel like failures, or strangers that shame breastfeeding Mama's in public, everyone has an opinion and they're not afraid to share it with you.
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6245 Columbia Road
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North Olmsted,OH 44070


text: Q: How easily do songs tend to come to you? Ans: Songs come to me at different times in different forms. The process varies depending on the mood I'm in. Some songs take a few minutes, and others take weeks. I might start with the chorus, the verse, or just an idea. I'm normally working on twenty songs at any given time but finish them whenever I'm in that mood. Q: What ís your motto…"Latest Conversation With Miss Chay Bella"


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Tag Archives: resin
Tarheels of North Carolina
In the 1700's and 1800's Great Britain relied heavily on the strength of their Navy both for national defense and for trade. Part of having an efficiently running Navy means having the proper gear and keeping it in working order. … Continue reading
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Marque and Reprisal
Article ISo not only can (and should) Congress make Rules concerning Captures (i.e. jihadists go directly to Gitmo for coercive interrogation, do not pass Go, do not collect 200 ACLU lawyers), but they can also grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal.
Section 8
The Congress shall have Power...To declare War, grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal, and make Rules concerning Captures on Land and Water; ...
That Power has not been revoked.
Though the Declaration of Paris of 1856 outlawed such Letters, the United States was not a signatory to that treaty.
What are these Letters?
A Letter of Marque and ReprisalOutsourcing and privatization are nothing new.
wasis [there, I fixed that for you. --RDS] an official warrant or commission from a national government authorizing the designated agent to search, seize, or destroy specified assets or personnel belonging to a party which had committed some offense under the laws of nations against the assets or citizens of the issuing nation...
The formal statement of the warrant was to authorize the agent to pass beyond the borders of the nation ("marque", meaning frontier), and there to search, seize, or destroy assets or personnel of the hostile foreign party ("reprisal"), not necessarily a nation...It was considered a retaliatory measure short of a full declaration of war...
A private ship and its captain and crew operating under a letter of marque and reprisal was called a privateer.
If Congress granted such Letters, for, say, seizing Iran's oil exports or gasoline imports, to be taken and sold at a profit, any number of private ventures would find the best, most efficient way to do it in no time.
It would add real teeth to any weak "sanctions" that the UN will agree to on a nation-state basis.
Also note the target is "not necessarily a nation."
All this tizzy about our inability to deal with "4th gen" warfare and "non-state actors" as something dreadful and new is total nonsense. It's only a problem for people who think the world didn't really begin until around 1968.
We've got problems with cells of "terrorists"? Just commission cadres of "freedom fighters" to go after them.
There are thousands of Nepalese Gurkhas just itching to take such a job, now that the Brits have cut back on recruitment out of that hellhole. They love taking a shortsword to the enemy even more than Abu does.
That's our Congressman and Senators, letting this vastly powerful yet cheap and simple lever of power rust away, unused and forgotten.
We should remind them.
Article I.
Section 8.
And if they grant such Letters, with a simple majority, there's absolutely nothing the Courts, or the President, or the UN can do about it.
Letters of Marque and Reprisal.
Gimme some!


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MADRID — Spanish police say one person has been wounded in a shooting in the downtown area of the city of Barcelona.
A regional police official says the shooting Tuesday took place in front of a hotel where the city's tourist-popular boulevard, Las Ramblas, intersects with Pintor Fortuny Street. She was speaking on condition of anonymity in keeping with police regulations.


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Each year the AIA Northern Virginia Young Architects Forum organizes seminars for those preparing to take the Architect Registration Exam® (ARE). Our award-winning series offers the opportunity to learn from a professional in each subject area and use that knowledge in preparation for the ARE. This year's series focuses on ARE 5.0 content and runs from January to June. All ARE sessions offer continuing education credit and can be taken by members as review sessions.
Construction and Evaluation
This course is designed to help candidates prepare to take the Construction and Evaluation section of the Architect Registration Examination 5.0 (ARE 5.0). Construction and Evaluation is one of the six new divisions offered as part of ARE 5.0. The course content focuses on objectives related to construction contract administration and post-occupancy evaluation of projects, including issues related to bidding and negotiation, construction support services, payment processing, and project closeout.
Learning Objectives:
5 HSW LUs. Advance registration is required by noon on Wednesday prior to the seminar. No refunds are available after this time, although substitute attendees are allowed.
To register for this event, please go to the AIA NOVA's website.
Due to space we are limiting the seminar to 20 attendees.
Additional information about this event is available HERE.
The price for each seminar will be $45 for AIA-members, and $70 for Non-AIA members.
The cost includes lunch and study materials.
Registration with payment must occur no less than 3 full business days prior to the seminar.
For more information about this series and to sign up for the upcoming seminars please visit the AIA NOVA's website.
|Event Date
|06-23-2018 10:00 am
|Event End Date
|06-23-2018 3:00 pm
|Registration Start Date
|Cut off date
|06-20-2018 12:00 pm
|Work Program Architects
|2018_ARE_Registration Flyer_v1.pdf
|Ticket Type
|AIA Member
|non-AIA Member


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Jane Davenport
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Jane Davenport is an Australian born artist with a passsion for creating and teaching. She started in fashion and later developed a love of photography. You will see both genres heavily influenced in her design choices and fearless use of color! For a great blend of mixed media variety and beyond, peruse the whole brand!


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The families and supporters of missing Shia Muslims held a demonstration during Youm-e-Ali, peace be upon him, mourning procession of 21 Ramadan to protest against the enforced disappearance of their bread-earners across the Pakistani cities that commemorated the anniversary.
Rashid Rizvi of Missing Shias Release Committee led the protesters who included wives, mothers and children of the missing Shia Muslims.
The protesters were carrying banners, placards and portraits of their missing relatives. They also raised slogans demanding immediate release of the missing Shias.
They lamented that bread-earners of Shia families were taken into illegal and undeclared custody without any charge against them.
They said that their detention has cost dearly to their elderly parents, children and wives.
The demonstrated families demanded that the state authorities are responsible for their poverty and hunger and for all of their sufferings.


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from Teddy Ray:
A popular book on church stewardship came out a few years ago with a new definition of "competition." The first paragraph of the book tells how the number of non-profits in America doubled in the last ten years. Then it says, "What these numbers show is that in ten years the competition has nearly doubled." The rest of the book is about how to get people to give your church more money when competition for charitable dollars is so stiff. (My conference actually encouraged all of its pastors to read that book.)
According to those who asked me about the mega-church, the local church's competition is other churches.
According to that popular book on stewardship, the local church's competition is all other non-profits – church and non-church alike.
Friends and colleagues, let's please not miss this:
The church's competition is sin, injustice, and heresy!
So long as other local churches aren't teaching heresy or condoning sin, they're our allies. That mega-church people have asked me about has made some great strides in the battle against injustice, both in Lexington and around the world. Years ago, one of my closest friends began taking his faith seriously as a result of their ministry. They're allies, not competition.
(Read the rest HERE)


text: Does everybody have their WWJD bracelets on? 'Cause I was wearing my bracelet recently, and I was in the movie theater, and this guy's cell phone went off -- don't you just hate that? Then he picked it up, 'Hey, how's it going? I'm in a movie.' And I'm like, 'Hey! Get off the phone!' And he's like, 'Mind your own business.' And I almost went crazy, but then I looked at my bracelet: what would Jesus do? So I lit him on fire and sent him to Hell.


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A Picture's Worth a Thousand Words
Dear Albuquerque Photographers,
We know you have good taste. We know you have a camera. We know you have good subjects, because Albuquerque is chalk full of gorgeous sunsets, beautiful people, colorful places, and compelling scenery.
And we know you're dying to have your incredible work published!
So, our question is why haven't you already sent us your best photo? Really, there's absolutely no reason for you not to submit something wonderful. Photos will be printed in our annual photo essay, which will run in our July issue.
This year's theme is "We Love Summer!" so make sure to use the photo to tell us, and our readers exactly
what you love most about summertime in Albuquerque. Whether it's our beautiful Sandia sunrises, a sunglass-clad pet, popsicle-covered kids or our charming green bosque, we know there is something you love about summer.
So here, just for you, photographer extraordinaire, are the rules in handy numbered-list form:
1. The photo must be taken in the month of May, and submissions are due no later than June 4, but they can be submitted anytime before then.
2. Send up to three of your very best summer images for consideration in the essay, we may run all of them, or only one.
3. Include a cutline with each photo, it is important that you include all of the important information about the picture—who, what, when, where and why.
4. Be sure to include your name, so that you get credit for your photo!
5. Send your photos at 300dpi, at least 5×7, but they can be larger, as a jpeg, tif or pdf to our wonderful photo director, Liz, at email@example.com


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At Birmingham City University, we are committed to preparing students for successful employability and professional careers. We have an innovative approach to employability that will help you obtain an interesting and well-paid graduate job.
A psychology degree opens up a wide range of career opportunities both within and outside the psychology field.
Placement opportunities
Voluntary placements and regular tutorials/lectures from experts working in the field add real colour and currency to your studies. Staff will also be happy to facilitate students who wish to gain some work experience in addition to the taught programme. Current students have been involved in work settings such as psychology research (in both participatory and data collection roles), shadowing Clinical and Educational Psychologists and health related areas of work.
Career options
Find out which careers you would be able to succeed in with a psychology degree.
Career options >>
Career support
We encourage you to maintain an e-portfolio and run networking events.
Career support >>
Our partnerships mean you can benefit from a wide range of expert guest lecturers..
Partnerships and lecturers >>
Travel Scholarships
You could volunteer overseas with our new travel scholarships..
Travel Scholarships >>


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O.E.M. Specials
Rocket Air Supply has the capability to have customer specials custom manufactured per print specifications.
Rocket Air Supply places a premium on Quality Control. Our Quality Assurance system is registered to ISO 9001 (latest revision) and AS 9120 (latest revision), and calibration system is in compliance with ISO 10012-1.
All parts provided by Rocket Air Supply are fully traceable with manufacturers' certifications and/or test reports available upon request.
Rocket Air Supply purchases and stocks items from the most reputable Manufacturers in the country ...


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Rejected Mega Man Villains IV [ COMIC ]
About once every two months I do another set of Rejected Mega Man Villains. You guys seem to like really them and I enjoy to do them so its a win win scenario.
Now, today's comic brings the total number of rejected Mega Man villains (characters, not strips) to twelve. After the next set, there will be enough bosses for two new Mega Man games… get cracking Keiji Inafune.
For those of you new to Dueling Analogs or those who may have missed the previous installments… here's a link to the first Rejected Mega Man Villains, the second and the third.
Not much else, so if you're bored… visit my other webcomic the outer circle or if you've got a MySpace.com account add me.


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For instance...
The ultimate outlaw cowboy. The ultimate Gothic monster.
Yep. All you need to know about Jesse James Meets Frankenstein's Daughter (1966) is in the title. There. I can only imagine some mid-60's producer of direct to drive-in movies thinking "Cowboy pictures do well. Frankenstein pictures do well....hmmm...".
Two weeks later you've got:
The film was followed by the equally commercially and critically successful
Billy The Kid vs. Dracula.
Sadly, plans for the subsequent Wild Bill Hickok vs. The Mummy and Geronimo Meets The Zombie Apocalypse were scrapped.
Notice that veteran Hollywood actor John Carradine (David and Keith's dad) plays Dracula. This is his fourth of five appearances as the infamous vampire.
For those who prefer their Cowboys and Monsters movies on to be on a grander scale, there's The Valley of Gwangi (1969). This film features (to quote the tag line on the poster), "Cowboys and dinosaurs in the strangest round-up of all". Yep. Cowboys discover a lost valley of dinosaurs in Mexico. They try and round up them big lizards to put 'em in a touring Wild West Show.
Why weren't there more cowboy and dinosaur movies? That is one of the great unanswered question of cinema history.
Forget Cowboys for a moment. Native Americans also get to see some dino action along with some long overdue sympathetic screen treatment in Turok: Son of Stone (2007), an animated direct-to-DVD feature based on the classic comic book.
The story in a nutshell: Native American hunter Turok find himself trapped in a lost valley full of dinosaurs. Thankfully, this adaptation stays faithful to the old school original Turok premise of the comics of the 50's and 60's and not the later cyber time traveling Turok of the 80's and 90's.
Cowboys and Outer Space
In the Cowboys and Outer Space genre, the cowboys are bit more metaphorical images of cowboys and not so much actual cowboy who suddenly find themselves in outer space (though that movie would be fun).
Josh Whedon's Serenity (2005) is also a really solid entry into the Cowboys in Space genre. Serenity, of course, is the feature film version of Whedon's cult TV series, Firefly. In Serenity and Firefly, Whedon has crafted the most sophisticated and subtle marriages of the two genres yet.
Set in a future that it clearly a post American civil war analogy in the stars, much of the look and feel of the series and the movie is very Western. Space cowboys abound. For Whedon, though, nothing is that simple. Cowboys and Outter Space is often merely a motif in which much more complex science fiction concepts are woven.
The feature film version of the series was made largely for the show's hardcore cult fan base who, along with Whedon, were disappointed by its cancellation of the show and its perceived lack of support from the Fox network.
To be fair, while the show and the film are both thematically and narratively fascinating, the whole affair turned out to be just a tad too esoteric for widespread mainstream success. Ya gotta hand it to Whedon, though. He coulda hedged his bets and gone with a much more on the nose Cowboys and Outer Space premises; like Buck Jones in the 25th Century or Marshall Bravestarr: The Motion Picture.
Thankfully, he took the riskier route.
The Wild Wild West (1999) had a whole posse of good things going for it. It was adapted from a fun and original 1960's Western espionage TV series, it had some amazing actors in the persons' of Will Smith, Kevin Kline and Kenneth Branagh and its director had previously directed the fun and successful Sci-Fi comedy, Men in Black. On top of all of that, the film is filled with amazing early Steampunk designs. Unfortunately, the story is the weakest link of the movie. That just leaves all them great elements stranded in the blazing deadly dry heat of Predictability Gulch.
It does have one very cool Giant Mechanical Steampunk Spider, though.
Cowboys and Time Machines
There seems to be something wrong with this premise. Don't get me wrong. Cowboys and Time Machines is a concept with a lot of promise. No movies in the genre seems to be able to live up to the promise, though.
In Back to the Future Part III (1990), Michael J. Fox and Christopher Lloyd take the time-traveling Delorean back to1885 and also, coincidentally, to the franchise's lowest point. Marty McFly must stop the evil gun fighter Bufford "Mad Dog" Tannen (an ancestor of Biff Tannen, the bully from the first two films) before he shoots and kills Doc Brown (yes, it's another one of those time traveling paradox conundrums). Marty and Doc Brown also have to figure out how to get a flux capacitor working in the technologically challenged late 19th century so they can return to 1985.
In Timerider: The Adventures of Lyle Swan, a guy named Lyle Swann somehow rides a motorcycle back in time to the wild west. Everybody says, "It's gotta be Swan!" way too much. And that, honestly, is about all I can recall about this movie...and, oh, yeah...I think it was also kinda bad. Once again, who knows why but Cowboys and Time Machines just do not seem to mix.
Yep. That's a young pre-Remo Williams Fred Ward as the titular character. Glad you got that off your mind, huh?
Cowboys and Robots
The first ever Cowboys and Robots movie is also one of the first Sci-Fi Western outings ever.
The Phantom Empire is 15 chapter movie serial, first released in 1936. Country singer Gene "Rudolph The Red-Nosed Reindeer" Autry plays himself as he discovers a technologically advanced underground civilization right beneath his ranch. The Phantom Empire has got a lot more going for it than just Cowboys and Robots. There are bad guys sneaking around looking for a radium mine, kids unraveling mysteries, elusive futuristic horse riders and zap guns. Better than all that, though, are the robots in The Phantom Empire. They are classic low budget mechanical men of the 30's. They are cheesy robots that look like hot water heaters wearing little metal Stetsons. All of those elements have an undeniable ironic geeky hipster appeal.
Not for the uninitiated.
Cowboys and Aliens
To the best of my knowledge, the upcoming Daniel Craig Harrison Ford Sci-Fi Western is the only Cowboys and Aliens movie out there.
And I haven't seen it yet.
One thing is for darn sure, partner; there's gold in that there premise.


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The Law Offices Of Roy Galloway
If you are under heavy stress dealing with issues in family law or criminal charges, you do not have to be alone.
The Law Offices of Roy Galloway have the experienced family law attorneys and criminal lawyers you need to score a successful resolution for your unique situation. Don't let these unfortunate circumstances intimidate and frustrate you. Whether you're finalizing the terms or your divorce, negotiating child custody arrangements, or defending yourself against criminal charges, working with a courageous and knowledgeable criminal attorney and family lawyer like Roy Galloway can make all the difference in the world.
We can simplify the legal process and dramatically improve the outcome.
The Best, Personalized, One-on-one Attention
At The Law Offices of Roy Galloway, our family and criminal attorneys are completely devoted to giving you the best, personalized, one-on-one attention.
We treat all our clients with dignity and respect, and we work hard to gain your absolute trust. Here at the Law Offices of Roy Galloway, we make it our policy for your attorney to give you his or her cell phone number, so you can be sure you can reach them at any time, 24 hours a day, seven days a week. We also reply to emails as promptly as possible.
You're a human being-not just a number or a court case. Our firm manages its caseloads very carefully, ensuring that every client receives the best use of time and resources.
We really take the time to get to know you, and understand your specific circumstances, which allows us to identify creative solutions that other law firms may have missed. Our solutions will be custom-tailored to your exact situation.
Our Mission
Our mission is to provide expert legal practices coupled with the best customer service we can offer. We also offer the following services for our clients:
- A FREE 30 minute initial consultation.
- Evening and weekend appointments to fit your schedule.
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- Accepting of all major payment forms.
- Expedited filings of motions and pleadings.
- Prompt client notification of all new developments.
The Law Offices of Roy Galloway have a proven track record of achieving great results for our clients. If you're having legal issues in family law or with criminal charges, email us with the form at the right or call us today at (717) 737-3300 today.
"I like that Attorney Gallowy did what 2 other attorneys wouldn't do. He was persistent. He made himself available to answer any and all questions and his fees were reasonable. Mr. Galloway was upfront and honest whether I like or agree with his answer. Thanks Attorney Galloway for seeing me through and completing a process that others could not. Thank you!"
From S.G., Harrisburg, PA


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Luckily the amazing team over at Crafthouse heard the prayers of Emily for hers to arrive on the same day as mine, even though they were ordered two days apart. This meant a playdate, even on a school night!
It was like Christmas without all the food!
So what have I ordered for 2013? {my links are for Australian customers but there is also the option for New Zealand customers too, other countries need to look here}
- 2x 60 page protectors - Style A
- 12x12 Binder - Clemintine
- Core kit - Cobalt
- Designer 12x12 Paper - Cobalt Collection
- Monthly dividers - Cobalt Edition
There is also an easy way to order and that is to order a starter kit in a chosen collection, which includes:
- 60 pack of A page protectors
- 12x12 Binder
- Core kit
This years range is pretty impressive with the addition of the Baby kits in His, Hers and neutral. There is also two new releases, Olive and Seafoam, which look gorgeous. My personal L.O.V.E is Olive but I wondered about how it would work with 3 males in our house and also its still on pre-order, due in December, and I'm too impatient to have to wait. Maybe next time?
Here is a few photo's of bits and pieces in my kit - Cobalt Edition
I am so looking forward to sitting down and doing my set up and blogging along with it so that I can hopefully inspire so others to join in this great Project Life Adventure for 2013.


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Sennheiser CHS24 Bottom cable, easy disconnect to modular plug
item code: CHS24
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price include all taxes.
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Giving modern women the knowledge and pep-talk they need, through life and style content, to achieve anything with confidence.
I'm Christine Stucki and I am a Content Marketer by day, blogger and small business owner by night.
Born in '89 to an English mum and Swiss dad, I've grown up in New Zealand with overalls, matching sweater dresses (yip, my sister and I were dressed the same) and all the hair scrunchies, and have been stylish ever since. Mum describes my childhood as creative, adventurous and definitely fashionable. When I was 5 I was creating a new hairstyle on the daily, and rocking a cute accessory to primary school – I think I was also married to about 3 different boys, what a tart!
Now in 2018, I live in Auckland with my fiancé Josh and two cats, Teddy and TinTin. I work 3 days a week at an amazing youth mental health organisation, juggle some freelance PR work, and recently started my newest business venture, Lucky Girl, that creates mystery tees for badass babes and donates to the NZ Women's Refuge in the process.
Ruby Fearless was started in 2012 as an outlet for my creativity and style, and to take on the greatest adventure of my life – Giving the biggest nod to the little girl that was. 6 years later and I'm still here, but the mission has changed. Ruby Fearless is for modern women that are looking for the knowledge and motivation they need to achieve anything with confidence. I hope to ignite this confidence through offering what Ruby Fearless is known for best, fashion and beauty, along with sharing my own stories and journey as it happens. Join me!


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Rsyslog is a GPL-ed, enhanced syslogd. Among others, it offers support for reliable syslog over TCP, writing to MySQL databases and fully configurable output formats (including great timestamps).
TCP or
UDP protocols. Note that rsyslog is compatible with sysklogd. Hense, it also works with the standard sysog.conf.
rsyslogd can be found in the
/etc/rsyslog.conf configuration file. Most log files are located in the
/var/log/ directory.
Sections in /etc/rsyslog.conf config file
Rsyslog has a modular design. This enables functionality to be dynamically loaded from modules, which may also be written by any third party. Rsyslog itself offers all non-core functionality as modules.
Exist different classes of loadable modules, Input, Output, Parser, Message Modification, String Generator, and Library modules.
But traditionally, in /etc/rsyslog.conf, there are two modules loaded by default, both Belong to Input class.
imuxsock: Unix Socket Input
imklog: Kernel Log Input Module
# Use default timestamp format
$ActionFileDefaultTemplate RSYSLOG_TraditionalFileFormat
# File syncing capability is disabled by default. This feature is usually not required,
# not useful and an extreme performance hit
#$ActionFileEnableSync on
$template syslogd,"<%PRI%>%TIMESTAMP% %syslogtag%%msg%"
This part is the one you want work with in most of time. You don't need to create an /etc/rsyslog.conf from scratch, perhaps just tweak it a bit for your working environment.
Keep it simple, It's like a filter, when a log message get to rsyslogd, rsyslogd matches its facility, priority(if specified), action(optional), and the log message location.
For example, if you have a program, or script has one logging line like below
logger -p daemon.debug " daemon started"
In /etc/rsyslogd.conf
You have Facility and priority config like below:
daemon.* /var/log/daemon.log
Then, rsyslogd will log a message in /var/log/daemon.log
Feb 22 23:30:50 fibrevillage user001: daemon started
This is how rsyslogd works with kernel and user programs
So, In general, each rule includes a selector (what gets logged) and an action (where it will get logged). Each selector includes a facility (what type of message we're talking about) and a priority (how important it is).
More examples(from RHEL):
auth,authpriv.* /var/log/secure
Messages of type auth or authpriv (the facility), with any priority, get logged to the file /var/log/secure.
*.*;auth,authpriv.none /var/log/syslog
Any message type, with any priority, gets logged to /var/log/syslog; except for auth and authpriv messages (which is good since they're already being logged to recure). The special priority none prevents those messages from being logged even though they would have been included in the *.*.
Default Facilities
The facility argument is used to specify what type of program is logging the message. This lets the configuration file specify that messages from different facilities will be handled differently. LOG_AUTH security/authorization messages
LOG_AUTHPRIV security/authorization messages (private) LOG_CRON clock daemon (cron and at) LOG_DAEMON system daemons without separate facility value LOG_FTP ftp daemon LOG_KERN kernel messages (these can't be generated from user processes) LOG_LOCAL0 through LOG_LOCAL7 reserved for local use LOG_LPR line printer subsystem LOG_MAIL mail subsystem LOG_NEWS USENET news subsystem LOG_SYSLOG messages generated internally by syslogd(8) LOG_USER (default) generic user-level messages LOG_UUCP UUCP subsystem
Selector priorities
This determines the importance of the message. The levels are, in order of decreasing importance: LOG_EMERG system is unusable LOG_ALERT action must be taken immediately LOG_CRIT critical conditions LOG_ERR error conditions LOG_WARNING warning conditions LOG_NOTICE normal, but significant, condition LOG_INFO informational message LOG_DEBUG debug-level message
More examples:
*.=debug;\ auth,authpriv.none;\ news.none;mail.none -/var/log/debug
Note: Normally, specifying a priority like debug means to log anything of that priority or higher. So specifying *.debug would log everything. Adding an equals sign, =debug, means log only debug messages but nothing higher. This rule also excludes auth, authpriv, news and mail messages even if they're debug.
Using above rule, everybody gets emergency messages
# Log anything (except mail) of level info or higher.
# Don't log private authentication messages!
*.info;user.notice;mail.none;authpriv.none;cron.none;local6.none;kern.none;local0.notice /var/log/messages
The familiar /var/log/messages sure has a complicated rule. It gets anything of priority info, user notice, unless they're facility mail, authpriv, cron, kernel, local0 and local6.
Note that this overlaps with some of the other rules. So you'll see a lot of the same messages showing up in messages and syslog (which you'll recall got *.*). That was what got me started down this road: all that duplicated logging on our space-limited plug computers.
Templates allow to specify any format a user might want, they must be defined before they are used.
A template consists of a template directive, a name, the actual template text
Here is an example:
$template MyTemplateName,"\7Text %property% some more text\n", # where: # * $template - tells rsyslog that this line contains a template. # * MyTemplateName - template name. All other config lines refer to this name. # * "\7Text %property% some more text\n" - templage text
Config daemon, kernel, programs how to log to rsyslogd.
Once you know how rsyslogd works, then it's easy to config application to use syslog. Basically, just specify facility, priority, and what to log, that's it.
For example, in xinetd TCP wrapper, this is logging config in /etc/xinetd.conf
# Define general logging characteristics.
log_type = SYSLOG daemon info
log_on_failure = HOST
log_on_success = PID HOST DURATION EXIT
Is it clear?
See more detail in How to syslog your program output


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Bengals RB Giovani Bernard vs. Ravens LB Daryl Smith
Bernard splits playing time with BenJarvus Green-Ellis, but the rookie is more of the long-ball threat. He averages 4.5 yards per carry, compared to 3.2 for Green-Ellis. Smith leads the Ravens in tackles with 71, but he is sometimes impatient against the run, which allows him to get washed down and opens passing lanes. The Ravens have to shut down the Bengals running game to win. Edge: Bengals.
Wire photos
Copyright © 2019, The Baltimore Sun, a Baltimore Sun Media Group publication | Place an Ad


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|The key to a gorgeous planting is soil. Photo by Brian Wells.
Visitor Services Coordinator
If you love plants and have never experienced a class taught by Bryce Lane, then you have no idea what you are missing!
In just a couple of weeks, Bryce Lane will teach "Soil," a 3-hour workshop focusing on the most important part of your garden. Bryce will take you through the process of understanding soils, learning how to build and improve your soil and how to prepare a bed for planting. The workshop will include hands-on activities and soil tests that you can use over and over again in your home garden.
Not long ago, I was a student of Bryce's in the Department of Horticulture Science at North Carolina State University. I can tell you that he is the most charismatic and engaging teacher I have ever had. Soil may not sound like the most interesting topic, but I must admit that I have signed up for this class myself, to have a useful refresher about soils, of course, but also to have the opportunity to experience another class taught by Bryce Lane.
I reached out to Bryce recently to find out more about what he has been up to and what he hopes to cover in this course. Our Q&A is below.
Will you tell potential students a little more about your background and your experience?
|Bryce Lane with one of his 3 Emmy awards.
Photo courtesy of Bryce Lane.
Though I retired from N.C. State in January of 2014, I have enjoyed pursuing public speaking opportunities and teaching part time. I have actually been teaching soils workshops now for three years, and it's a regular winter workshop at the JC Raulston Arboretum in Raleigh every year
What can we expect from your class? What do you hope participants will gain from it?
Expect a dynamic, entertaining, yet scientifically packed presentation about soil, soil profiles, soil chemistry, soil structure, pH, organic matter, soil and bed preparation and soil building. I'll also talk about container media and how it needs to be different, and treated differently from outdoor soil. Participants will gain a deeper understanding of the dynamics of soil, and how to apply the science they learn to create better garden soil for all their gardening endeavors. They will learn how to build soil and make it better for the environment, their gardens and their plants.
|Bed preparation in the Discovery Garden. Photo by Lindsey Fleetwood.
What are you most excited about with regard to this class?
I am most excited about how this workshop enables gardeners to be more successful growing plants in their gardens. By learning some soil science and committing to using that knowledge to improve soil, gardeners will be equipped to improve all their gardening practices.


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« Catching up: A musical interlude... |
| Like old times... »
(Many) More posts and site design changes when I get around to them.
Slowly, but surely, people...
Mar 07, 2006 at 21:07 in Weblogs | Permalink
The comments to this entry are closed.
Dropkick Murphys: Sing Loud Sing Proud
Matt Pond PA: Several Arrows Later
Bloc Party: Silent Alarm
The NEw Pornographers: Twin Cinema
Ryan Adams and the Cardinals: Jacksonville City Nights
Son Volt: Okemah and the Melody of Riot


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1: Bali
Upon arrival at Ngurah Rai International airport, you will be greeted by our local representative who will assist you with your transfer to the hotel in Denpasar Bali the renowned island of Gods with its hills, mountains, Sandy beaches, volcanic hillsides and its unique culture. Check into the hotel and relax for the rest of the day. Overnight stay at your hotel, Bali.
Day 02: Bali
After breakfast , proceed for a full day Kintamani Volcano Tour, visit silver smith at CELUK village, visit painting & wood carving at MAS village, Highlight to see nice view of Mount Batur & Lake Batur. Later visit Holy Spring Water temple and spectacular rice terraces.Evening enyoy your dinner at Queen's of Indian restaurant. Overnight stay at your hotel, Bali.
Day 03: Bali
After breakfast,get ready for a heart thrilling river rafting. You will be provided with rafting equipments, refreshment, river guide (English speaking) & Indonesian special lunch and soft drinks.Evening back to hotel. Overnight stay at your hotel, Bali.
Day 04: Leave Bali
After breakfast, check-out of your hotel and you will be dropped at Ngurah Rai International airport for your return journey.


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Ontario Canada Fulfillment Companies
When you are looking for a full-service distribution warehousing company
near the Ontario area, contact the experts at Fulfilltopia. Fulfilltopia provides inventory, sales, and packing and shipping services with the kind of professionalism and care that other fulfillment companies don't. The experts at Fulfilltopia make you and your customers their number one priority.
With Fulfilltopia distribution warehousing near the Ontario area, you get a hands on comprehensive distribution plan from an experienced company. From moving your product into their warehouses, to managing your inventory and providing quality shipping, you will find Fullfilltopia capable of care that other fulfillment companies just cant offer. It is Fulfilltopia's goal to provide you with the kind of service that gives you the ability to focus on your day-to-day business at hand.Get Started


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Ocean's Eight
Starring: Sandra Bullock, Anne Hathaway, Cate Blanchett
Directed By: Gary Ross
Genre: Action-Adventure
Duration: 1 hr 45 min
Upon her release from prison, Debbie, the estranged sister of legendary conman Danny Ocean, puts together a team of unstoppable crooks to pull of the heist of the century. Their goal is New York City's annual Met Gala, and a necklace worth in excess of 150 million dollars.
Upcoming Showtimes
Sun, May 26 6:10PM
Mon, May 27 2:40PM
Fri, May 31 6:10PM
Available on:
You May Also Like
Same Time This Week


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So Long Blogger
Josh did a great job redesigning my site, but we were having so much trouble publishing to my new domain http://themaidenmetallurgist.com/, that I decided I'd finally had enough with blogger. Josh moved everything over to a new hosting service, and I'm no longer using Blogger or this address. So, update your bookmarks and come visit me at the new site. http://themaidenmetallurgist.com/


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9 • 10 • 11
Two supplementary fins positioned on the rail help to track and guide with their main purpose to provide additional grip in extreme turns.
When railing up the board hard, the tail starts to come out of the water, for example during top turns (which then become lip slides) and also in extreme bottom turns.
In these extreme situations center or twin-fins may come out of the water but one of the Side Fins will still grip!
These Side Fins feature a balanced outline and a straight race curve.
They feel more direct and allow more radical turns.
The side fins and the covers are made for Mini Tuttle Boxes (MT).
G10 fins produced in high-precision CNC technology – sizes: 9 • 10.
Now also available in light RTM technology (Resin Transfer Molded) – sizes: 9 • 10 • 11.


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Bebe Zahara Benet, winner of LOGO's wildly successful Rupaul's Drag Race knew she'd have some big shoes to fill when she won the crown during the first season if she were to ever have the cultural impact of her mentor RuPaul. Well she hasn't stopped working since the cameras stopped rolling and she's determined to make the most out of her crown.
From headlining the Absolut Pride Tour after Drag Race wrapped to shooting a video for her first single appropriately titled "I'm The Shit", Benet is following the RuPaul playbok and making some rules of her own along the way. She also becomes one of the latest gay people of color included on the Out 100 list for 2009.
Benet gives fans a behind the scenes look at the making of her latest project on YouTube and she's serving a whole lot of fierceness complete with dancers, over the top fashions, and a ridiculous track created to burn the dance floor.
Fans of Drag Race, which was covered extensively during season 1 on loldarian.com, can begin the countdown as the second season is set to hit the tube in early 2010. LOGO has partnered with loldarian.com to bring you exclusive info and sneak peeks from season 2.
Get into Bebe and all her fabulousness in the video below:


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Toll Free: 800-268-0563 Local: 519-972-9466Email Us
- 1030 Walker Road (City Market), Windsor, ON N8Y 2N5
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Can't decide on which gift to send? Let the florist design something special using their best chocolate and candy gift ideas. This item will be arranged in a basket and reflect the amount you have spent.
- For U.S. and Canada deliveries only
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All items featured on this site represent the types of arrangements we offer and may vary depending upon availability in certain regions. Substitution Policy


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How Chávez changed my life
When Hugo Chávez first became president of Venezuela I was sixteen years old and just coming into my political consciousness. Now I am in my thirties. Through all that time I can think of no political opinion, no vote, no broad social view that has not been affected — even defined — by this singular ...
When Hugo Chávez first became president of Venezuela I was sixteen years old and just coming into my political consciousness. Now I am in my thirties. Through all that time I can think of no political opinion, no vote, no broad social view that has not been affected — even defined — by this singular man and his unstoppable vision. And now he is dead. Officially dead. The enormity of that one fact is such that the myriad uncertainties this news bring with it, for now, seem somehow unimportant.
In Chávez's Venezuela I learned about fear. Both the small hyperactive fear of personal danger and the far more overwhelming fear that all is lost; that the revolution has won yet again. To many of us, each new victory brought with it new tragedies. The dispersal of my family to faraway continents. The persecution and imprisonment of friends and colleagues. The expropriations. The violence.
That is all burned into me now, and countless others. Hugo Chávez: A man whose single-minded pursuit of whatever it was he was pursuing; power, social justice, immortality, redefined Venezuela's place in the world.
Pre-Chávez, Venezuela was — for the most part — an invisible country. Unless you had a particular interest in oil, beauty queens, or baseball you might not even know it existed. During this period it became a weird joke among Venezuelans traveling to the United States that, upon telling Americans one came from Venezuela, because of lisped pronunciation, there would be a confusion with Minnesota: "Oh really? I have a cousin in Duluth. How about that?"
Things could not be more different now. Venezuela's story might be many things to many people: An inspiration, a cautionary tale, a farce, a Shakespearean tragedy, yet Venezuela's story is known. To some that is something that is itself worthy of celebration, to Hugo Chávez it certainly was. By spreading Venezuela's natural wealth far outside her borders, through oil giveaways and sabre-rattling, this midsized, middle-income country was able to cast an outsized shadow over global politics for many years.
Client states have flocked to Venezuela as a source of oil largesse, as have others seeking to throw their lot in with the international anti-establishment. Venezuela's go-to alliances today read like a who's who of human rights violators: Iran, Belarus, Cuba. This from a country that was once so progressive, that it abolished capital punishment in 1863.
On Tuesday, during a surprise press conference that said very little, acting president Nicolas Maduro explained his belief that Chávez's cancer had been secretly imposed upon him by some advanced United States technology: A desperate despicable act by an Empire who could not defeat him by playing fair. Irrational paranoid statements such as these have become common, an embarrassment to many Venezuelans and gospel truth to many others.
It cannot be denied that Hugo Chávez has died as he lived, polarizing and forever unbowed. Yet for all that Venezuela remains the same nation of contrasts it was before Chávez: rich and poor, left and right. Only now these sides view one another as visceral enemies, not political foes. In Caracas tonight there are wails and fireworks, dirges and the sounds of champagne corks being popped.
In the end, the world Chávez created once again teeters on the brink, as it has so many times before. Yet tonight it does so without its charismatic anchor into the hearts of the population. The future is uncertain and unsettling for all sides of the political spectrum. Regardless there will be time tomorrow to worry about tomorrows. Tonight, for Venezuelans, will be about coming to terms with the past.
Daniel Lansberg-Rodríguez is a fellow at the Comparative Constitutions Project and is a regular columnist for the Venezuelan daily newspaper El Universal. His Twitter handle is @Dlansberg.


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Voice Reader Studio Mnt Mandarin Taiwan Features
Voice Reader Studio 15 MNT / Mandarin (Taiwan) Professional Text-to-Speech High quality voice output with unrivaled pronunciation accuracy and natural sounding voices. Almost impossible to tell the difference from a real human voice. Convert your training documents or presentations, create audio books or traffic announcements and save time and money for expensive recording studios. Speech… Read More »


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Hide Forgot
Description of problem:
mock doesn't work with new yum
Version-Release number of selected component (if applicable):
mock--.1 doesn't work with yum-2.9.6-1
How reproducible:
mock some_package.src.rpm
Steps to Reproduce:
Actual results:
Expected results:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/bin/mock", line 986, in ?
File "/usr/bin/mock", line 981, in main
File "/usr/bin/mock", line 855, in ensure_filetype_srpm
ts = rpmUtils.transaction.initReadOnlyTransaction()
AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'transaction'
Additional info:
Created attachment 143661 [details]
patch to handle rpmUtils import change
I haven't been able to recreate your problem, probably because I haven't been
able to track down an old version of yum.
Would you please try the attached transaction patch on your mock.py and see if
it fixes your problem?
Sorry, but i can't test it now because haven't old version of yum.
Propose to close the bug.
Yeah, I haven't been able to duplicate it. We'll close it and hope for the best :)


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We had a great meeting at Perth Modern Quilt Guild on Sunday It was our last week of me demo-ing FMQ (phew, I can relax now! My friend Emmy is going to demonstrate techniques for joining your blocks next month) and the first of our feathers blocks!
Now a lot of quilters love and aspire to quilting feathers, but they seem so hard. So for our first feather block, I showed off one that Madame Michelle of Handcrafter's House showed me. (I suspect it's a Jamie Wallen Feather but I learnt it from Michelle so I'm giving her the credit).
It looks complex, but trust me, it's easy… and doesn't it look impressive?!
Here's the video that breaks it down for you!
Now go and feather!
The FMQAL is proudly supported by:


text: Foul Trouble, Late Game Heroics Plague James, Heat May 30, 2014 Leave a comment Mike Biana Follow him on Twitter @mikebiana For the first time in his illustrious NBA career, LeBron James managed to get called for five fouls by the end of the 3rd quarter. It doesn't take an expert basketball analyst to know that wasn't one of those good "firsts" we always hear about from the four-time MVP. James played merely 24 ... Read More »


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If you live in Humble, TX and are questioning your credit reports, heed the following advice. When thinking about how to fix bad credit reports, one of the first things to be aware of is that there are three different credit reporting companies: Experian, Equifax, and TransUnion. Each of these credit services collects and reports your credit scores differently, so one of the first things to look for if you think your scores are off is a discrepancy or error on one of the reports. Another approach is to go straight to Humble credit repair companies.
In the current bad economy, your Humble, TX financial situation is more difficult if you need debt solutions or consumer credit repair. Credit card companies know this, and they'll do whatever they can to take advantage of your hardship. They're all too happy to kick you while you're down, and the frustration can make it hard to know where to turn for good advice or credit repair help. Fortunately, there are many Humble consumer credit solutions if you know where to look, and our qualified agents can help you find them.
If credit repair software could take your Humble, TX credit scores and magically improve them, you can bet that A) lots of people would be buying it, and B) there would be a lot of lawsuits since the credit repair software would probably be illegal. Don't get scammed. Magical Humble credit solutions are either false or illegal. For real help with credit repair services, contact a reliable credit repair company or consumer credit counseling service. Unfortunately, there aren't any shortcuts. Quick credit repair is possible, but it still takes time.
It's annoying when you need a new credit card but can't get one because you have to fix a bad credit report. It's even more annoying when you didn't know you needed bad credit repair because the bad credit isn't your fault, but the result of a misunderstanding, a stolen identity, or a stolen credit card. If you need help finding credit services in Humble, TX that can quickly repair credit reports, call our credit repair hotline. We've got all the resources you need on Humble credit restoration.
The issue of national consumer credit repair is becoming more and more urgent in our present economy. In Humble, TX and towns across the nation, people are struggling to make ends meet while being asked to bail out financial institutions that have been taking advantage of them for years. Meanwhile, credit card companies are cashing in on the fiasco. The rich are getting richer while the rest of us suffer. But you can do your part to stop the cycle. Don't be a victim. Contact your Humble consumer credit repair services and take back your rightful income.


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".. the xix. day of the same monyth, was st Margarettes evyne, at iiij. of clocke at after-none was proclamyd lady Ma[ry to] be qwene of Ynglond at the crose in Cheppe with the erle of Shrewsbery, the earle [of Arundel], the erle of Pembroke, with the mayer of London, and dyvers other lordes, and many of the ald[dermen] and the kynges schrffe master Garrand, with dyvers haroldes and trompettes. And from thens cam to Powlles alle, and there the qwere sange Te Deum with the organs goynge, with the belles ryngynge, the most parte alle [London], and that same nyght had the [most] parte of London Te Deum, with bone-fyers in every strete in London, with good chere at every bone [fyer], the belles ryngynge in every parych cherch, and for the most parte alle nyght tyll the nexte daye to none."
(The Chronicle of the Grey Friars of London, 1553).
"We your most humble, faithful and obedient subjects having always (God we take to witness) remained your Highness's true and humble subjects in our hearts ever since the death of our late sovereign lord and master, your highness's brother whom God pardon; and seeing hitherto no possibility to utter our determination herein without great destruction and bloodshed both of ourselves and others till this time, have this day proclaimed in your city of London your majesty to be our true, natural sovereign liege lady and queen, most humbly beseeching your majesty to pardon and remit our former infirmities and most graciously to accept our meanings which have been ever to serve your highness truly."
(Council's message to Mary, 19 July 1553)
Sometime in the late morning of the 19th the earls of Arundel and Pembroke, standing before the rest of the Privy Council, managed to convince the same body of men to abandon Jane and proclaim Mary queen. It was not a particularly difficult task given that many of these men congregated in Baynard's Castle were quite willing to switch sides. Days earlier some had tried to flee the Tower to rush to Mary and offer their allegiance but had been prevented from doing so. Now they discussed terms. They would submit completely to Mary's will, profess themselves her true subjects and attribute Jane's accession to the ambition of the Lord President of the Council – the duke of Northumberland.
The earl of Pembroke's desperation in securing the council's approval for Mary was evident. "If the arguments of my lord Arundel do not persuade you, this sword shall make [her] queen, or I will die in her quarrel", he threatened. The earl of Arundel was equally assertive in his desire to present himself as one of Mary's most ardent supporters and in a speech before the Council he explained away his previous loyalty to Jane as a product of fear caused by the duke's threats. Both men were now committed supporters of Mary and were determined to protect their lands, positions and lives. One contemporary noted on the same day that he saw 'the earl of Pembroke threw away his cap full of angellettes [jewels]' in the street after Mary had been professed queen.
The reaction of the populace was positive. Mary's accession was announced by the earl of Pembroke in the late afternoon and there were scenes of wild rejoicing. Merchant Henry Machyn recorded in his diary that 'all the belles ryngyng thrugh London, and bone-fyres, and tabuls in evere strett, and wyne and bere and alle, and evere strett full of bonfyres, and ther was money cast a-way.' At Leadenhall Street, one of the sites in London where Mary's accession was proclaimed, the 'people started running in all directions and crying out'. On the same street Sir John York, a loyal supporter of Jane's, allegedly 'cried out to the people that it was not true' and was met with fierce hostility. 'Though he was on horse-back he escaped alive with difficulty and was taken into the house of Sheriff Garrett', it was remarked.
Before the announcement was made the imperial ambassadors were informed by the earl of Shrewsbury and John Mason of the Council's decision to support Mary. Throughout the events of the past two weeks, the ambassadors had assumed that Mary's cause was a hopeless one if her cousin, Charles V, would not intervene on her behalf. Now they were being told of her victory accomplished without their aid. Shortly afterwards the mayor of London was summoned to Baynard's castle and also informed of the decision so he could quickly prepare the festivities. The drinking, the banquets and the ringing of the bells would go on through the night, only calming down midday on the 20th.
Mary would not know till the following day that her claim to the throne was now recognised by the Council and she had the capital. The possibility that she would have to take the Crown by force – that she would need to enact the role of warrior queen – was one she believed she now faced. Her maternal grandmother, another queen regnant, had faced her own succession crisis and emerged victorious. Isabella of Castile had been married at the point of her accession and her husband had played a role in securing her throne. In contrast Mary was unmarried though she did have male associates whose loyalty was unquestionable and she trusted to lead her forces. As a woman, Mary could not lead her troops into battle though like her grandmother she still had a role to play. She organised an inspection of her troops that would take place the next day and consulted with her commanders. According to Robert Wingfield she would spend several hours speaking to and inspecting her troops which won her much admiration. All this was entirely new to Mary; her education as a young girl, when she was still heir to the throne, had not entailed lessons in warfare and she was certainly not taught this after Henry VIII had disinherited her. But Mary knew how to make use of the sentiments of loyalty many felt for her and in all things she was meticulous, a habit she inherited from her paternal grandfather, a Tudor who also battled his way to the throne. With the temerity of Isabella of Castile and Henry VII, Mary planned her military campaign. Fortunately she would face no battle but she would make show of her forces when she marched to London to be received as queen.
The other woman at the centre of this succession crisis was told in the evening that she was no longer queen. Her father, the duke of Suffolk, did the honours. He ripped down the cloth of estate and announced that she was no longer 'Queen Jane'. She responded that this was a wise decision and allegedly asked if she could go home. There was no anger over the decision to recognise Mary nor did she breakdown. Jane had accepted the throne graciously and admitted defeat in the same fashion. As various men who once served her rushed off to Framlingham to pay homage to Mary and beg for their lives, Jane waited in the Tower, her royal residence now turned her prison. Now all waited to see whether Mary would prove merciful or whether she was truly her father's daughter.
(Image - Queen Mary I enthroned and flanked by angels with the destruction of the duke of Northumberland and the rebels depicted in the background to the right. Coram Rege Rolls, 1553. KB 27/1168/2)