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"I cannot recall, at least in my 25 years actively involved in tourism on Barbados, that we have ever endured 17 consecutive months of visitor decline under any Government.
Simply put, could 'we' be spending more, to harvest less?"
If I had to make a short list for our tourism policymakers in an attempt to influence positive change, it probably might end up as quite a long list, but two pleas would be right at the top…
Number One is to avoid making heady predictions when even at the outset any informed opinion indicated there was very little, if any, possibility they would become true.
Secondly, please do not use the word 'success' when referring to a promotion or initiative before there is at least clear evidence that it is, or will become one.
The second booking deadline of the Barbados Island Inclusive (BII) programme has just passed since it was originally launched on April 29, 2013. Just to refresh your memory, $11 million was allocated for BII to 'bring an additional 15,000 tourists to our shores, with a total spend of BDS$30 million' by issuing 'free spending vouchers'.
The critical phrase is 'additional tourists'.
In July it was 'revealed that more than 5,000 tourists had taken advantage' of the offer. However, since the BII became effective in early May, we have experienced a fall in long stay visitors during every month so far this year.
May was down 29 persons, June down 2,965, July down 3,318 (the lowest arrivals for that month in eleven years) and August* down 2,591.
So a collective decline for the four months of 8,903 people.
Therefore to boast '5,000 tourists' have used the voucher may be true, but that does not in anyway reflect an accurate and fair picture of the current state of the industry.
One of our most senior tourism policymakers was quoted in the media on March 12 as stating 'We are putting some programmes in place that we should end the year flat'. Even though the numbers were already down by over 10,000 long stay visitor arrivals at that stage when compared with 2012.
Well, here we are in the latter part of September and that number has climbed to over 26,000. Or, I should say 'fallen'. I cannot recall, at least in my 25 years actively involved in tourism on Barbados, that we have ever endured 17 consecutive months of visitor decline under any Government.
And the very thought of ending the year 'flat', either reflects a massive disconnect with reality or a severe attack of wishful thinking, which only may end in tears for some, but potential insolvency for others. Continue reading


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This christmas in rastor I wish for. 1 fire key, 3,260 dead cultists, the body of poor lil willie and....
Rod of Retributive justice lv 20
Diamond cincture lvl 10 (this is an amazing item for all. We need like 15)
Greaves of Fortunate Falling lvl 8
hungry spear +2 or +3 lvl 7 or 12
Gloves of the Ram lvl 8
Belt of Sacrifice lvl 7
Rushing Cleats lvl 7
Dragonborn Greaves lvl12
Gloves of Eldritch Admixture lvl 8
Healers Sash lvl 11
Feystep Lacings lvl 12
Falseblood Amulet lvl 7
This might be a solution to the problem of your shadar-kai feat that you want to take...
Fleece of Renewal lvl 13
Boots of Adept Charging lvl 2
Hammer Shield lvl 8
Clasp of Noble Sacrifice lvl 12
Bradaman's Weapon lvl 13 Just stoopidly rediculously good. NO paladin should leave home without one.
Headband of Perception lvl 1 or 11
Resplendent boots lvl 6 (practical and i just want to see Hugh do this a bunch)
Serpents Kiss Bow lvl 18 ...its Brutal
P.S. Sam is right. ALL of the ammunition is cool and useful. We should put it in the budget.
These are all ideas. Feel free to post your own stuff or post to greg that u think this stuff is shit and dont want it. Ill take it off so greg dont get confused and get u lame gear.

subset: commoncrawl


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Complicating Matters
Article data
Main article content
"I did not understand a word you guys just said. It was like you were using a whole different language."
Revelation 2:1-29
Reference: v.5 Remember the height from which you have fallen! Repent and do the things you did at first. If you do not repent, I will come to you and remove your lampstand from its place. (NIV Bible)
Explore: Religion can get so complicated at times. I studied theology for four years and came out even more confused at the end! The other day I was talking in our church office with two of my colleagues. We were discussing the version of the Bible we should be using during one of our services. We were wanting to use inclusive language but acknowledged that most of the congregation grew up with the King James version. At the end of our conversation we noticed that one of the workers in the office was looking at us. Mel is a worker from the local community who comes in to help us in the office with basic administration. She smiled at us and said, "I did not understand a word you guys just said. It was like you were using a whole different language." And it was true. My colleagues and I have been around church long enough to know all the versions of the Bible and have learnt all the Christian lingo but we had totally confused poor Mel. And when you think about it, what was really important: which version of the Bible we should use or actually living out what the Bible says by loving others, even if they can't recite all the versions of the Bible?!
Application: Yes, it is important to have deeper theological discussions and nut out details of our worship, however this must not get in the way of going back to basics. It seems like we're not the only ones who can complicate things. Even the Church in Ephesus, while they endured much persecution for their faith, they too needed to be reminded of they first love.
Do we love God? Do we love others? I think that's a pretty good place to start.
Prayer: Lord, loving You and loving others is a full time job in itself. When things get complicated, help us to remember to go back to basics and focus on You. Amen.
How complicated is your life? How can you move towards bringing it back to basics?


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Qualified Production Manager seeking situation that allows me to use my knowledge
9+ year's general management experience with expertise in practical knowledge of all aspects of apparel industry, Pre-production & production garments consumption, abilities include sewing construction, costing, mass production plant, cost and quality control. Strong productions follow up with good knowledge of Domestic and Imports production. Utilize effective communication and interpersonal skills, Set-up complete Import/export packages and operational systems for new companies Manage and control inventory and coordinate distribution schedules.


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in brief: girl scouts of western washington choose inclusivity over $100K donation
In early May, the Girl Scouts of Western Washington received a $100,000 donation, which was nearly a quarter of their fundraising goal and enough to make up a third of their annual financial aid program. Understandably, the council's CEO Megan Ferland says that they were thrilled when the donation arrived.
However, this donation was followed a few weeks later by a letter from the donor, requesting a guarantee that the money would not be used to support transgender children. 'If you can't, please return the money,' the letter continued.
The Girl Scouts of Western Washington captured media attention after they promptly returned the money and set up a crowdfunding campaign to make up for the lost donation.
On their Indiegogo campaign page, entitled 'Girl Scouts is #forEVERYgirl', they state that 'our vision at Girl Scouts of Western Washington is that EVERY girl in our region—regardless of her race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, sexual orientation, gender identity or geographic location—is empowered to unleash her potential, build her future and transform her world.'
This message of acceptance and inclusivity clearly appealed to the public, with over $288,000 being donated to the campaign within the last three days.
(Image credit: 1.)


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Solar energy and solar panels have been gaining popularity steadily over the years, particularly in the roofing industry. It's important to be well versed in the pros and cons of solar panels so you can assist homeowners in the decision-making process. There is a lot of good to be said for the benefits of solar panels and solar energy in general, but are they worth all of the fuss that they've been granted in the past few years?
The Pros
Perhaps one of the most attractive benefits is that solar panels can drastically reduce, or even totally eliminate homeowners' electric bills. When you're able to generate your own electricity, your energy costs can be reduced for decades thanks to the 25-30-year lifespan of the average solar panel.
Solar panels also increase the value of homes overall. Thanks to their energy saving properties, having solar panels incorporated into a home's roofing can greatly increase its value and make it easier to sell down the line.
Many homeowners enjoy the control that they gain over their energy costs when solar panels are incorporated into their home's roof. With more control and overall awareness of energy expenditures, costs can be further reduced and the environmental impact that each household has can be minimised.
The Cons
As many advantages as solar panels provide, they are not without their disadvantages. They don't work on every type of roof. They need a specific mounting system that is harder to incorporate into older historical homes and the materials they are so often made of. That being said, they can be mounted on the steel roof materials provided by Rollsec.
If homeowners are looking to increase the quality of their roofing before they sell and move, solar panels are not always the best choice. It could feel like an unworthy investment if the owners do not have the chance to earn back their money in energy savings.
If the solar panels are not covered by solar financing, the initial costs can seem expensive and intimidating. This can be a huge deterrent to homeowners and can encourage the exploration of other more affordable energy saving options.
Overall, if a homeowners' finances are able to cover the initial costs, solar panels really can be worth the fuss if there are the right local installers to get the job done.
Contact Rollsec for More Information
Rollsec, Brisbane, are able to provide solar panel services and competitive quotes on the spot, making the shopping process simpler than ever. We are able to provide a range of roofing services to environmentalists and those wishing to save on their energy costs. Receive a free quote on Rollsec's solar panel services by filling in our online form. For more information regarding solar panels and roofing, get in touch with our team at any time. Check out our roofing services online for more information or call us today on 07 3267 7171.


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Blockchain Projects serves to demystify the blockchain layer, rally inclusion of non-technical audience & increase adoption of impactful blockchain projects through two core functions: Advocacy & Consulting.
We are guided by the same protocol encapsulated
by the Blockchain: a culture of collaboration,
integrity and transparency.
Krissy considers disruptive technology the key to the betterment of lives, especially amongst underprivileged communities. She is an early adopter of & advocate for FinTech, and is especially keen in exploring alternative investment vehicles. Krissy had fulfilling careers in hospitality and corporate banking, graduated with First Class Honours from the University of Surrey (UK) and Oxford's Blockchain Strategy Programme.
Krissy teaches yoga in her free time, and is deeply convinced that life should be nothing less than a great adventure.
Belinda believes in bridging technology for good causes. Her previous role was Partner Alliance Manager at STTelemedia Connect and was part of the pioneer team who took the idea to a multi-million funded joint venture with STTelemedia. Belinda graduated from Nanyang Technological University with a Master of Science in Technopreneurship and Innovation, Innovation and Entrepreneurship certificate from Stanford & certificate of Future Commerce with MIT.
On her bucket list, Belinda wishes to learn cooking, climb Mt. Everest and become an adjunct professor, grooming talents of the future.
Build Blocks for the Future.
We are guided by the same protocol encapsulated by the Blockchain: a culture of collaboration, integrity and transparency.
1. Product Management Consulting
2. Blockchain Influence & Press Relations
3. Events Management
We help our clients crystallise blockchain ideas and get their message to the right audience
by working with our network of influencers, thought leaders and media publications globally.
We enable the meeting and building of local communities through both offline meet-ups
and online AMAs. Our reach includes Singapore, Indonesia, Malaysia, Vietnam, Korea,
Cambodia, Australia, US, Switzerland, Hong Kong and China.
As the bulwark against mediocrity and the voice for breakthrough,
BCP is especially partial towards blockchain projects with strong emphasis on social impact.
Blockchain Projects organises courses, seminars, roadshows and conferences for investors, corporates and institutions as part of our regional outreach efforts.
Our Partners.
Blockchain Projects Pte Ltd
10 Anson Road
#30-01 International Plaza
Singapore 079903


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Spicy Uma Jolie is always ready for some very intense pounding. Fresh teenager Dani is having an affair with hunk just for fun.
Maiden Anjelica is sensual and always ready for some hot screwing. Luscious bimbo Lily Carter loudly groans as her trimmed muff is being pounded. Mayas mother is worried that she has been hanging out with the wrong crowd and possibly having sex, losing her virginity and purity so she calls up with bible study teacher to have him talk to her one on one.
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Add comment Comments Be the first one to comment! Startling dark-haired maiden Shantel with big natural tits likes to have sex everywhere. Lovely girl receives a cock in her tight tunnel of love.


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- Coral Tools LtdHome
- Headlock Technology
- Headlock Technology
- Coral Easy Coater Paint Roller Frame with HEADLOCK Technology 9 inch 1.5" dia
- Coral Easy Coater Paint Roller Frame with HEADLOCK Technology 9 inch 1.5" dia
Coral Easy Coater Paint Roller Frame with HEADLOCK Technology 9 inch 1.5" dia
- Order within
- Vendor: Coral
- Available Qty: 746
- Searching for a soft grip 9" Paint Roller Frame? Do you want painting to be easier? Do you want to finish faster?
- The paint roller hasn't fundamenTally changed since the 1940s. Most still use clumsy slip-on, slip-off designs that do not hold the cover securely in place. This is different. It's been re-thought.
- Our simple yet incredibly useful Headlock technology locks covers onto the frame! Avoid mess, pain, lost time, and potential damage from roller slippage. You'll finish faster. You'll paint easier.
- You'll load the cartridge through the 1.5" diameter cover, then lock the tabs onto the frame. Paint covers evenly as you glide over surfaces. To unlock, you'll simply squeeze the lock tabs.
- Painting shouldn't be hard work. Choose Headlock technology for faster and easier painting with more control and less mess.
If you're looking for a paint roller frame, the Coral Easy Coater 9" Roller Frame 1.5" is the easier choice for smoother painting and a better grip with less mess. You'll gain a secure lock of roller covers onto the frame, because of patented HEADLOCK® technology. As a result you'll be assured of easier and faster painting, avoiding the mess and frustration caused by repositioning sliding covers on old-fashioned roller frames that fail to grip covers in place! You can expect to receive a 9" (229mm) paint roller frame compatible with roller covers using a 1.5" (38mm) core diameter. Made with a plastic Headlock cage roller system on a metal shank and attached to a co-moulded handle suitable for a push fit attachment to extension poles . Look no further for your paint roller frame! Add to basket now to reserve yours.
|Item name:
|Coral Easy Coater HL 9" Roller Frame 1.5"
|Item number:
|Item barcode:
|Inner pack quantity:
|Inner pack barcode:
|Outer pack quantity:
|Outer pack barcode:
Errors and omissions excepted (E&OE). Product packaging and material may contain more and/or different information from the website, including the product description and other information. Always read labels, warnings, and directions and other information provided with the product before using a product. All measurements are approximate. Colours may vary.
Given the variety of factors that can affect the use and performance of a product, the user is solely responsible for evaluating the product and determining whether it is fit for a particular purpose and suitable for user's method of application.
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5 Ways to Reduce IT Risk
Successful IT departments are staffed with people who never stop learning. Most started with Computing 101 and broadened their skill sets from there, each working to master their respective specialties. But it's easy to forget that not every user in the agency or bureau has taken Computing 101, and all too often IT equips them with computers but fails to give them the information they need to stay out of trouble.
Malware attacks, virus outbreaks and crippled networks cost organizations an exorbitant amount of money each year. Every one of these disasters started with a single compromised machine. To mitigate risk and prevent the preventable, ensure that these five basic guidelines are part of new-user training and as well as refresher courses for veteran users.
1. Avoid Installing Unsupported Software
Such programs can degrade computer performance and may introduce network security risks. As a general rule, users should always avoid toolbars, download accelerators and unsupported programs that run in the system tray and update in real time.
2. Understand the Signs of Phishing Attacks and Other Suspicious E-mail
Most agencies go to great pains to filter unwanted junk, phishing and other malevolent e-mail, but even the best tools let an occasional bad message slip through. Ask users to be on the lookout for characteristics of suspicious e-mail and learn to discern what should and shouldn't be opened.
An unexpected e-mail from someone you know with a strange subject line? When in doubt, contact the help desk before opening it. Most techs would rather spend two minutes identifying a false alarm than two hours working to fix a compromised machine.
3. Perform Frequent Backups
Even though IT departments regularly back up user and group network shares, many users also save files to their hard drives — or, worse yet, to a removable thumb drive. The convenience of having files available offline quickly can become a nightmare the moment a drive is lost or a notebook computer is stolen.
Don't keep files "local" for any longer than necessary, and back up all data files to the network at least once weekly.
4. Treat Every Public Connection as Just That
Public wireless hotspots are a playland for identity thieves and other cyberfelons. Treat every public Wi-Fi network as though other users can see everything you're doing because, chances are, someone will be watching. Be vigilant in these situations and sparing in what you do, and always avoid making purchases over unsecured networks.
To encrypt sensitive data, use VPNs to perform work-related tasks such as checking mail and transferring files. If practical, tether with a mobile phone and skip hotspots altogether. Though this will cause arguably slower performance, mobile networks tend to employ better security measures.
5. Stay on Top of Software Updates
Nobody likes having their work interrupted by the ubiquitous "update available" pop-up, and it can seem overwhelming when so many programs want to update — from Windows to a litany of browser plug-ins, readers, productivity suites and driver software. Unfortunately, this is a necessary evil.
These updates not only add stability enhancements, but they are frequently released to address critical security concerns. IT should either push out updates quickly or encourage users to install any updates as soon as they're prompted to do so.


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Produce SLR camera like focus and defocus effect with your photos.Just open your pictures in easyFocus, play with the tools, create stunning focusing effects and save the creation. Its easy and simple.Features-1. Tools: Standard photo editing tool features, like- image zoom in, zoom out, tap and dragging, pinch and zoom, image rotation, undo, reset, save are there.2. Circular Focus: Place a circular lens like focus effect in your photo. Drag it and place it, where you need it. Control the area size of the focus by focus size control buttons or BY SIMPLY PINCH GESTURE. 3. Rectangular Focus: Place a Rectangular focus area effect in your photo. Drag it and place it, where you need it. Control the area size of the focus by focus size control buttons or BY PINCH GESTURE. 4. Selective Focus: Customize your focus area, select the area to focus. Try the Selective Focus tool. Tap and drag your finger over screen and select your desired focus area. Control the brush size by brush size control buttons.Make your selection perfect with the eraser tool. Erase the unwanted selection area. 5. Focus Flip: Altering the focus area to unfocused area (and vice-verse) is just a matter of tap. Flip tool makes the focus reversing in blink of an eye.6. Photo Enhancement: Use the Photo Enhancer tool to make dull images look vibrant. Use it and see the difference.7. Miniature Photography: By combining the Rectangular Focus and Photo Enhancer, one can create miniature photography like effects.So, go happy focusing… easyFocus-ing.


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WATCH: Guardians of the Galaxy in 3 minutes, old school gaming style
What happens when you boil down last year's Guardians of the Galaxy into three minutes, keeping the hit movie's best moments while re-animating it in glorious retro gaming style?
You get this little gem of a video from CineFix's 8 Bit Cinema YouTube playlist.
Using sprites that look like they came straight out from the original Mega Man games (an insanely difficult but popular series of video games that made its debut on Nintendo's NES system in 1987, in case you're too much of a whippersnapper to know), the short film pretty much nails Marvel's surprise box office hit.
From Peter Quill's introduction as Star Lord to the Guardians' elaborate prison escape to the grand stand-off at the end, animator David Dutton has done an excellent job at recapping the movie from start to finish while Henry Dutton provides some rocking MIDI versions of the flick's nostalgic oldies soundtrack.
And yes, dancing Groot is included.
Needless to say, if you haven't caught the movie yet and don't want to be spoiled, don't click the movie above.
If you don't mind or are looking to relive Guardians in a quick retro-gaming style fix, then watch away!
Source: YouTube
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By John Sage Melbourne
In this write-up,I wish to go over something that every person seeks,that realistically must not exist,and is something to be appreciated when you discover it.
It's that amazing discovery of an financial investment that is high return and low risk.
Before we reach that,nevertheless,allow's assume for the minute that several financial investments do come under some type of relationship of greater risk and greater return.
The ability of investing then ends up being: exactly how to gain an financial investment performance outside of the curve,to put it simply,exactly how to seek either a high return while maintaining a low risk,or locating low risk financial investments and looking for to enhance the return.
The easiest method to do this is take a low risk financial investment,such as house,and enhance the return by utilizing tailoring. To keep a low risk,the capitalist must seek to undertake quality research,and to utilize monetary frameworks that lower risk.
Follow John Sage Melbourne for extra skilled property financial investment suggestions.
The very act of negative tailoring,where tax deductions are looked for is a type of risk reduction because 2 things are occurring all at once. The initial is that the financial investment return is being raised by tailoring. Nonetheless,the return is being additionally raised by the tax benefits of the arrangement.
Does this audio made complex? Keep in mind that we're discussing locating possibilities that oppose what's common. If an financial investment chance is going to pay above average,it's possibly because there are greater risks involved. In the same way,if an financial investment chance can provide modest returns,it's because it's low risk and commonly 'risk-free'.
To find out more about creating your wealth attitude,browse through John Sage Melbourne below.


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Search FAQs
View all frequently asked questions
DFA is a standalone monitoring device installed in the circuit substations of medium and high voltage distribution overhead lines and cables. It is designed to provide direct, real-time line condition information to aid field maintenance, refurbishment and replacement decision-making, safety and bushfire risk assessment, in the event of developing issues with the circuit components and what the nature of that issue is. Warnings are passed to the asset owner accordingly, whilst the captured information may be reviewed in greater depth by the system operator to assist with managing the event as efficiently as possible. A characteristic of this technology is that it can determine the occurrence of developing issues prior to these being known to the asset owner by conventional means.
The DFA Technology System consists of two main components, DFA Devices and DFA Master Station, both necessary to the basic use of the DFA Technology System. The following high-level schematic illustrates the relationship between these components. Customer is responsible for all items shown in the diagram other than the DFA Master Station and DFA Devices. Each DFA device carries out full assessment of detected disturbances and provides buffered storage of the incoming data. The DFA Devices are connected via the internet to the Master Station. The Master Station is currently a cloud-based device which provides the secure conduit and main data repository between the DFA and the customer.
High-Level Schematic of the DFA Technology System
DFA has been about for about 20 years and has established many thousands of circuit years of both normal and abnormal operational condition experience over this period.
DFA technology was commissioned by the USA power industry to specifically address the real issues of fire risk reduction and a desired improvement in MV line management. The technology was never simply a research project with no end use identified at the outset. DFA was developed by the electrical engineering department of Texas A&M University ('TAMU') in Texas USA. Research and field demonstration have been done over the years by TAMU and EPRI (Electrical Power and Research Institute, USA), in close cooperation with multiple utility companies. Some seven patents apply to the technology.
DFA has been field demonstrated for over a thousand circuit-years. There are currently several hundred units deployed into the USA market with 66 specifically dedicated to the Texas Wildfire Mitigation Project. In addition Lord Consulting have units deployed across a number of utilities within Australia and New Zealand. Deployment projects are also undergoing planning for Australia, New Zealand and the UK. Approximately 20 distribution utilities in the USA have DFA systems in active operational duty.
This is a very important question. The DFA was conceived in its fundamental system architecture to be a field device that could always be updated as refinements were to hand based on new learning's and field experience. DFA technology embodies over 20 years of field-proven performance based upon field-sourced events correlated with actual issues. No part of the development occurred by simple 'theoretical' assumptions on how real-world circuit events might look electrically. Thus, the DFA was developed with the fullest of customer cooperation and this model, as the technology is now being deployed internationally on an exponential numerical basis, will be enhanced and refined for its lifetime by regular algorithm and data assessment technology as this comes to hand from the exponential accumulation of field-verified real-world events.
In other words, DFA technology is mature but by design, will continue to evolve in sophistication via its totally unique concept of the planned and systematic integration of international deployment experiences. This concept is causing huge excitement internationally as it is an unprecedented embodiment of Industry co-cooperation on this key asset management requirement.
No other manufacturer is offering a technology which delivers the same breadth of capability and outcomes as DFA and it remains a unique concept in the market.
Yes…A full suite of detailed papers and case studies on the DFA technology in operation are available at www.lordconsulting.com/DFA-HIZ
No technology is a panacea for all line issues, but DFA technology provides a paradigm shift in performance management for MV and HV systems. It can detect a variety of circuit failures, cable failures pre-failures, and other events. It has documented electrical signatures related to all the events outlined in TABLE 1. It features automated, mature algorithms for characterising some types of failures. Other algorithms continue to be developed and deployed. A positive improvement in cumulative line reliability statistics ('SAIDI' and 'SAIFI') and reduction in bushfire risk is likely from the technology.
TABLE 1 Issues documented by DFA/HiZ
Yes, things like recording operation and associated high resolution waveforms of reclosers that are not SCADA connected, motor starts, normal operation of switches and capacitor banks, power quality data (V, I, real / reactive power, power factor). The DFA essentially reports what is happening on the circuit, whether this is a developing fault which has not yet tripped a recloser, circuit breaker or other protection systems, or whether this is a full blown fault which has tripped the circuit. The DFA is most effective when it has been an integral part of both the engineering and operational fault management process.
Yes, there are many levels of contribution offered by the DFA:
Refer to the capability profile.
Refer to attached 'Addressing Industry Concerns' information sheet.
The DFA technology is unique and unlike any other technology in current use so should not be viewed as similar to any other technology. DFA connects to conventional CTs and VTs, as do traditional monitoring devices, but it senses these inputs much more sensitively and then applies proprietary analysis to the sampled data to detect subtle events that may indicate developing problems that are not even recorded by conventional technologies. Also for this reason, data recorded by other technologies is not adequate for specialized DFA analysis. Because DFA records even subtle anomalies, it necessarily records much more data than conventional technologies. The large data volume can be managed because DFA relies on automated algorithms, rather than human effort, to report system events and health. DFA also offers selective and customer-specified reporting of events noted, be they determined by the DFA to be 'normal' or 'abnormal' events.
It should be noted that the DFA system is also capable of providing numerous conventional functions, such as logging of conventional power system quantities and other functions. Whilst certain functions may be covered by myriad discrete technologies, the DFA system advantageously provides these multiple functions in a single, unified platform and database. The integration of so many unique processing and data assembly capabilities in the DFA system make its contribution unrivaled.
No. It is not conceived as SCADA per se and was purposefully intended to run outside SCADA but as an adjunct to it. It operates as an independent web-accessed intelligent MV line monitoring system with alarms being activated by assessed line condition abnormalities and passed to the network and operation team via email, SMS, or web. DFA reports operations of station breakers, as does SCADA, but DFA also reports operations of remote reclosers and capacitors, including those without communications, by using sophisticated digital techniques to detect these operations from waveforms it measures from conventional CTs and VTs. The customer may of course choose to import DFA-acquired data into SCADA for statistical record if one wishes.
The DFA is not conceived as a standalone power quality analyser but embraces that function as a subset of its fuller capabilities. Power quality analysers primarily focus their interest upon voltage irregularities, often have set points for triggering recording or alarms, and do not make interpretations of the issues, simply recording data for later analysis by those trained in the art. The DFA technology, by converse, focuses primarily on intelligent real-time assessments of incoming circuit data of which current signatures predominate as that is where the majority of circuit abnormalities are noted, but certainly it also assesses voltage in its determinations.. DFA technology diagnoses line events via proprietary digital signal processing and reports actual interpreted findings only. The technology allows 'high fidelity' recordings showing minor signatures, that not being possible with a power quality device. DFA devices will record virtually all disturbances recorded by PQ devices but also will record issues that initially cause too little variation to be detected by PQ devices. The Thus, whilst appearing to be related devices, the principle of analysing and characterising waveforms is quite different.
No. DFA was conceived to work alongside protection systems but has a totally different focus and intent and nor does it offer trip functionality. Whilst sophisticated in their operation, modern protection relays still function primarily to clear present faults. Conversely, DFA reports assessed and qualified data, sometimes with probability functions attached.
The technology has not yet been tested on SWER circuits as they are not used in the USA. The designers believe the basic concepts are universal but that peculiarities of SWER circuits likely will require adaptation to detection algorithms. It is critical to note that the system design of the DFA system provides for the ability to update algorithms seamlessly, via Internet, as needed.
The DFA, unlike other proprietary fault management systems such as GFN (which actively stress the network past the normal point of failure to prove asset fitness), does not initiate faults or defects. It only reports what is actually determined to be happening with the installed network, and particularly what might be viewed as matters of actual or pending concern. The DFA merely monitors the system for the earliest signs of a developing electrical defect or fault and reports back to the utility in plain English. The defect or fault is typically on a natural glideslope to failure and left un-actioned (as with a circuit without DFA technology installed), will result in the eventual failure of the asset and system, possibly the loss of customer supplies, wildfire ignition or other hazardous situation. The DFA in no way affects the speed at which this defect or fault deteriorates, not does it prevent the defect from directly failing. The DFA assists the utility by either providing an early warning that there is an escalating defect, or providing valuable information to locate a system fault more quickly following failure. The DFA also identifies when defects or events are of a repetitive nature, allowing the utility to gauge whether the defect is escalating or stable.
DFA, similar to passive and injection Resonant Earthing systems detect the initial onset of fault currents. The principle of Resonant Earthing Systems (RES) however is that it is a reactive fault management system, operating after the fault has reached a level at which on-going normal circuit operation is not possible. In many cases, conventional protection systems are required to be de-sensitised to allow for the triggering and successful operation of RES systems prior to circuit trip / lockout. RES are also only effective on Phase to earth faults, with most Phase to Phase faults resulting in an immediate circuit trip / lockout.
DFA however operates at a much more sensitive level, detecting both phase to phase and earth faults significantly earlier than any of these other technologies. Although no single technology can be the panacea for all electrical failure events, it is the predictive ability of DFA which aligns so uniquely well with the reactive management capabilities of RES. In particular, for wild fire prone areas, a mix of both DFA and RES provides the optimal capability for the earliest detection of developing Phase to Phase and Phase to Earth electrical breakdown, whilst the RES provides security in managing those failures which develop at a rate which is too rapid to manage within the pre-failure window.
From the high level, to be compatible with DFA processing and algorithms, the external equipment would need to write files indefinitely at 24bits of resolution, record 200A of fault current at the device and be able to trigger on changes in magnitude of 0.5A (primary) earth fault current.
We understand and appreciate the attractiveness of using data from existing devices, rather than adding another box to each circuit. On the surface it sounds like a great question, "We have all of these fantastic new relays and PQ meters on the system, just not the intelligence of the DFA. So why can't we just take the DFA intelligence and use it with the equipment that we've got?" In answering the question, one needs to really understand what the problem is, and it comes down to the fundamental purpose of what each instrument is designed to do. Basically, although they use the same VT's and CT inputs, PQ Meters and Relays are designed to operate in a fundamentally different fashion from DFA. The waveforms they produce are not compatible with DFA parameters, processes or algorithms.
Specifically, PQ meters are typically designed and programmed to trigger only on large changes in voltage (e.g., a sag to 95%). Protection relays typically only record events which produce a relatively high magnitude of current (e.g., initiate their protection cycle, even if the device ultimately does not operate). Almost without exception, and by design, this produces a relatively small number of events, as measured at the substation. These events are typically limited to a few core causes, most notably conventional faults and perhaps capacitor switching events. Invariably these devices do not pickup subtle waveforms that may indicate a device is entering an incipient failure state – for example series and shunt arcing events. DFA however is designed to meet achieve the above specifications and then to be able to triage the large number of recordings to identify those events which are abnormal, repetitive or important. All of this is achieved in a matter of seconds.
This distinction is critically important, because it means that in most cases, PQ and Relay devices used as an input for waveform analysis either do not trigger at the thresholds required for detecting incipient or series arcing events, or do not record the specific information that the DFA uses to analyse the waveforms to predict the failures. The important point to stress here, because it is essential for successful waveform analytics, is that if your existing devices aren't capturing ALL events of interest (generally because they are not designed to, and are not able to be programmed to do so), then it doesn't matter what framework you use, DFA or any other platform. If you don't have the recordings, you cannot, by definition, run any waveform analysis on them.
There is also a misconception that all devices record a given waveform in more-or-less the same way. We are often asked if it were indeed possible to reprogram a Relay or PQ meter sensitivity to capture the specific waveforms required for DFA analysis, could they then be used by DFA for this purpose? Unfortunately the answer is generally "no" and Power Solutions personnel have authored an academic research paper on this topic, which is available through the link below.
Fundamentally, each waveform recording device has its own "fingerprint" associated with its recordings, based on its analogue and digital hardware, and its software programming. We often are asked for parameters such as sample rates and bits of resolution as you have asked in this case. Those are both part of a device's "fingerprint" but many additional factors come into play e.g. analogue or digital filtering applied in the device, the maximum record length of the device, the amount of noise introduced by the electronics in the device, etc.
The critical point is that the design of algorithms and waveform analytics, particularly of the kind required for advanced event analysis and classification, requires an understanding of the specific analogue and digital processing parameters of the device which captured the original waveform being classified. Said differently, if the same event were recorded by two separate devices (e.g., an SEL-351 and a Dranetz 61000), and the same analysis algorithms were run on the outputs from those two devices, there is no guarantee that the outputs would match. This means that using signals from a variety of devices will probably work sufficiently well for analysing and locating large conventional faults, but analysing and characterizing more subtle events, series arcing, repeat events and those events which the DFA can identify to a particular source, requires knowing and accounting for the peculiarities of individual waveform recording devices. This is important to understand, because it fundamentally affects the accuracy and operation of the DFA outputs. This is why we do not allow for the import of other device waveform recordings into the DFA for analysis.
One final point. Even if all of the above could be overcome to allow for the DFA algorithms to operate to a satisfactory level of accuracy from multiple device sources, the DFA has been physically designed to take established analogue inputs and then to analyse, record and transmit relevant information to the Master Station. The design of the DFA does not facilitate the separation of the data capture, recording and analysis functions. Essentially, in its current form the DFA does not have the capability to import waveforms from other devices in isolation from its existing hardware. Such a change would be major design revision and not something which could be undertaken easily, cheaply or quickly.
DFA devices, applied on a per-circuit basis at substation, continuously digitize waveforms from conventional CT's and VT's. Waveforms are recorded when anomalies are detected, even small anomalies that are ignored by conventional technologies. Advanced digital processing and patented analytical techniques, prepared from a library of over 1 million referenced issues recorded to date, are applied to each recorded waveform, with the intent of determining the power system event that caused the waveform anomaly. The techniques employed are biased so as to minimize false alarms. The substation DFA device then reports diagnosed events to a central master station, which then makes the information available to personnel, thus increasing their situational intelligence regarding the condition of the power system. The system architecture is inherently adaptable and upgradable as refinements are implemented.
Sampling rate is often asked about, sometimes in conjunction with the order of harmonics that can be resolved. The DFA sample rate is 256 points per cycle, which equates to 12,800 samples per second per channel on 50Hz systems, and is sufficient to capture the waveform data and characteristics of interest, although sample rate is not considered the most important aspect of the DFA's data.
Also often asked is the number of bits of the DFA's A/D converters. To answer this question properly, one must distinguish the A/D converter's raw number of bits from its number of effective bits. An A/D converter can have a high raw bit count but, if its associated analogue circuitry is electrically noisy, a substantially smaller effective bit count, after the noise bits are considered and discarded.
Unfortunately most waveform recorders' spec sheets provide only raw A/D bit counts and do not consider or reveal effective bits. Effective bits, also referred to as small-signal resolution, is necessary for detecting certain incipient failures, and DFA provides 18+ effective bits of resolution to make this possible. It should be noted that systems claiming to remove noise digitally, after conversion from analogue form to digital, may improve effective resolution for steady-state signals but cannot improve effective bits for transient signals, such as those important to detection of certain incipient faults and other transient conditions.
Results have been successfully recorded on line lengths of at least 200 km from the connection point to the line.
Each circuit will produce a certain level of normal and abnormal 'disturbance data', which varies immensely from circuit to circuit. Some can produce a dozen disturbances a month, whilst others can produce several hundred. This has no direct bearing on circuit performance as some disturbances are perfectly normal operational occurrences (switching, capacitors, motor starts, etc.). In times of storms, these numbers of disturbances can increase to several thousand over a matter of days, especially if there are instances of vegetation being blown intermittently into circuits. The DFA can typically store an average of 4-6 weeks of normal data, which over a storm event can drop to a matter of days. Whilst the DFA is connected data is transmitted and then overwritten. In the event of a communications failure, data is likewise overwritten oldest to newest first. No situations have yet been encountered whereby the comms has been down for long enough to present a loss of recorded event data.
The DFA technology will typically report findings quickly in a simply-read code of characterised issues, along with associated timings. Reports are simply-read and decoded to allow a clear understanding of the issue(s) immediately. Through the decoding process and the use of the network's own line modeling software one can determine the likely site of many reported events. If one so wishes to view it, associated waveform data is also saved with abnormal events and can be retrieved, although it is important to comment that this data generally is NOT required for a normal assessment or response to a reported event.
The DFA does not provide specific distance to fault, but for some events, does provide system event parameters such as recloser timings, magnitude, phase/ground identification, kVa and load information, as well as probable equipment details which can be used to determine the most likely location of an event on the circuit. It is also planned that an impedance to fault calculation will be included within the DFA's capabilities within the near future.
Within an electricity system, there are no such things as a 'false positive or negative'. There are only normal operational conditions and abnormal operational conditions which develop in amplitude and intensity at differing rates over differing periods of time. The speed of which these events develop from first indications to the point at which the circuit can no longer support normal operations (circuit protection trip event or fault) is dependent on loading, weather, mechanical and other local factors).
The DFA was designed at the outset not to report 'false positives'…i.e. information suggesting there is an issue of concern when in fact there was no such issue occurring on the circuit. It has achieved this outcome in its many years of field-proven deployment and has done so by way of the rigour of its algorithm and signal processing technology based on these also being designed from accumulated examples of actual real-world events. In order to report an event the DFA must see a signal above a minimum level of activity and this will vary depending on several factors, but suffice it to say that its design and field experience to date has determined that below such levels of determined/reported activities, the events have not been found to have been significant. This also begs the question of the DFA's history at missing events/information that were significant. This is a circular argument as one never would know what one did not know but the reality is that no reports have yet been made that the DFA did not see something that was patently occurring with demonstrable electrical signals and which had been determined by other means to have been the case. One final point has to be made is that the sensitivity of the DFA is typically in the 1-2 amp area of adverse modulation on circuits which can be carrying hundreds of amps of load current (which of course precludes any claims of the DFA being a partial discharge monitor or the like) but the warnings of issues, when seen, have been found to be suitably timely.
As part of the offered support for the DFA-Plus Devices, a consultant, skilled in the power distribution industry asset management field, will be selected from the LORD Consulting team and allocated to a given client by way of a formal assignment and introduction. Fundamentally, the consultant is intended to deliver the outcome of an effective implementation of the technology, such as to ensure it stays relevant to the client's business and is expanded progressively in its implementation as a direct result.
Lord Consulting Services include:
Liaise with the LORD and PSLLC product support team to address any more basic matters that might be handed to them, such as installation, commissioning, first line support, and training. The interface will also assess improvements to present levels of service.
LORD Consulting and PSLLC, offer as part of the purchase price a uniquely-conceived package of support to ensure the technology continues to remain a viable and relevant asset management tool. This support includes general on-going monitoring of the unit remotely with comment passed back promptly on pertinent issues being encountered, liaison across the operational team to the engineering team to the asset management team as to outcomes and contribution of the technology, regular generic updates as to interesting results observed from various clients, and a review of the continued contribution being made by the technology.
Importantly, whilst the DFA itself is a continuous monitor of circuit events in near real time, Lord Consulting/PSLLC does not provide the above additional contributions via a 24hr/365 system monitoring and operational alert service.
Customers may wish to purchase additional ad-hoc support through the DFA Analysis Service on a case by case basis. The DFA Analysis Service is a fee-based service under which Lord Consulting/PSLLC assist the Customer in analysing and understanding specific DFA Data and related Circuit events and doing so more fully than provided by the propriety, automated DFA Technology software alone.
Typically not, but the DFA offers a range of capabilities and complexities of data presentation which the customer can choose to access and interact with. The data is simply interpreted by operational teams with minimal training.it is the express policy of LORD and PSLLC that customers be trained and assisted to a level of understanding and utilization of the device as befits their expertise and interest. Optimal contribution from the DFA technology will be enjoyed by customers who make good effort to understand for themselves how to assess and interpret the contributions from the DFA.
Reports of abnormal events are displayed on a dedicated web page, which can be viewed through a secure login by a System Controller or Engineering staff. User-configurable emailed reports may also be chosen by the customer.
No. Indeed, not having to do such a thing was one of the key design parameters from the outset. The line to which it is connected can be configured or reconfigured at will with no impact on the outcomes. One can also elect to move the DFA to different circuits at will and they will work immediately they have been given the circuit name and CT/VT details, a very simple and quick process if the use of relay test blocks for connection to CT and VT is permitted.
The DFA operates as a single-ended device with very good results and very acceptable accuracy of site identification being possible. That said, customers will typically collate DFA inputs with other available data inputs from their system, such as SCADA records, customer feedback/inputs, and AMR data
One unit is required per circuit, connecting to the CT's and VT's in place for the line. The unit is rack mounted and purposefully powered from battery-backed 12 volts DC, typically obtained from station batteries. A high bandwidth continuously-available web connection is required.
None, apart from connection to a DC supply, connection to broadband and connection to the CT's and VT's, DFA does not require any specific setup. Network configuration and construction has no bearing on the determination/anticipation of faults. The DFA does not require any specific time to 'learn' a system, although the first month following commissioning is usually used to determine the normal operating parameters of the circuit against the nominal events that are identified. This facilitates the optimization of the DFA for the system.
No. Standard CT's and VT's that are currently used for the circuit protection are fine; there are no other special installation requirements. The units are designed not provide an excessive burden on these CT's and VT's for this very purpose. Indeed, not having to install special such equipment was one of the key design parameters from the outset. Ratio details are entered but the unit performs with a wide range of normally-used such transformers.
A 'Master Station' server-class PC is employed in the architecture of an installation and typically in the currently-deployed installations, the Master Station resides in the USA as a 'cloud-based' server. The Master Station is responsible for managing the utility company's entire fleet of DFA devices, including collection of data, aggregation of information from multiple circuits and dissemination of reports to utility personnel. It contains both software for communicating to circuit devices in substations, as well as all website-related software, and SMS messaging functionality. For large utility companies, with large circuit counts, the "Master Station" may be split across multiple physical computers (e.g. one web server, combined with a DB server, combined with a communication server, etc.).
Each substation-based circuit device continuously connects to the central Master Station via broadband Internet. Should the data line be lost temporarily, the DFA unit has a generous buffering capability to ensure data collected during the communication downtime is not lost.
12 – 60VDC, battery-backed, typically derived from station batteries.
The DFA Master Station (whether it be a cloud-based or stand-alone server) performs a variety of functions, including the following:
4. It retains DFA backup data.
Importantly the master Station does not contribute data analysis functions, that taking place entirely in the field-based DFA devices themselves
This question arises from the observation that DFA and other devices both take their inputs from CTs and VTs. That is where the commonality ends, however, as non-DFA devices do not monitor or record waveform data with the sensitivity or fidelity that the DFA employs. Further, to bring data streams of the sampling frequency and noise-free resolution needed by the DFA to a remote assessment point is not practicable, cost-effective, or sensible. For further detail, the reader is urged to review the companion discussion question, "How does the DFA technology differ from other industry technologies?"
There is no need to poll the unit manually for normal reporting and alerting to take place, with the Master Station handling that function. Events are communicated to a pre-set list of names via SMS or email. Data may be accessed at any time via the web should the user wish to interrogate the unit. Waveforms downloaded are brought in low resolution firstly and then in high resolution if sought.
Is the DFA compliant with DNP3, IEC61850 MMS (Manufacturing Message Specification), IEC 60870-103, MODBUS to provide communication with SCADA?
The key to the conversation would be understanding specifically "What information or data" would like to be seen within SCADA? Fundamentally, the kind of data collected, analysed and supplied by the DFA isn't SCADA data, or even typically data that is compatible with a SCADA system. That's not just file type compatibility, moreover the physical operational process of what DFA collects, how it analyses it and then how it reports it. This aspect, as far as we are aware, is not physically or philosophically compatible with what SCADA systems require or how they work, so DNP3 compliancy may not even be viable or even possible. The protocols mentioned above are typically used for RTUs and other SCADA devices and do not meet the needs of the DFA in operation or philosophy. The DFA is designed primarily as a 'stand alone' system which communicates within its own dedicated structure. It is not designed to interact with any other system, or provide outputs for SCADA, and there are no plans for this functionality at this stage.
DNP3 / MODBUS were designed, primarily, to be used by industrial control systems, and as such they are generally good solutions for the kinds of communication these devices do (i.e.: SCADA - polling, synchronous, relatively low data rate, etc.). They are not designed and aren't suitable for the kinds of communication the DFA requires: asynchronous, interrupt-driven, high data rates (by RTU standards), file transfers, etc.).
IEC 61850 was designed primarily as a protocol to allow various substation devices to talk to each other in a producer / consumer multicast fashion. Again, IEC 61850 is good for what it's designed to do, but its structure tends to be geared around applications very different from DFA: primarily relaying and synchro-phasors.
DFA devices communicate using standard protocols, but protocols that are more directly suited to the kinds of communication required by DFA functionality. Specifically, DFA communication between units and the master station uses HTTPS (using TLS 1.2 for transport, with messages further encrypted by JWT where authenticity is enforced with a public / private key pair unique to each unit) and SFTP (for files). Both of these can be further tunnelled through IPSec (see the current working group in IEEE SA SO/P2030.102.1)
The makers prefer to have remote web access to data from the system but it is not essential. They offer associated support to users and it has been a popular service. Such support is included in the unit price of the DFA device.
Yes. The manufacturers include this as part of the standard support, if granted web access to do so.
Initial implementation will be followed by a training and orientation service primarily delivered by LORD Consulting with contribution also from Power Solutions LLC USA. It will include scenario modelling and training on how to turn the information provided into efficient responses on the network. It is expected that those trained will include the field operations team through to the senior engineering team. Over time, it is expected that the utility itself would develop their own experience and ability supported by Lord Consulting to monitor and interrogate the DFA data at an increasing level. A vital training contribution is via User Groups and these are being established in each country of deployment.
As the unit will uniquely inform of issues and in many cases well ahead of any other corroborating data from conventional technology or customer complaints or the like, it will facilitate a greatly enhanced level of operational response. Given the increased level of event detail supplied by the DFA, this is also the case even if an event occurs that may not have been foreseeable (such as a storm-induced issue). In addition, experience to date has shown responses often can be made in a more timely and cost-effective manner (ahead of an actual failure to follow), in daylight hours, and in a much safer manner. The improvement in line failure and outage statistics as a result of the technology can be dramatic, as will be customer and stakeholder relations.
DFA waveform files are provided in an IEEE standard (1159.3) PQDiff format. http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/1159/3/index.html
You will, through your Master Station login, have the ability to download single event waveforms in the PQDiff format. We can provide the occasional files in Comtrade format, on an as-needed basis for one off exceptional events, or we can supply you with a tool that will dump the all of the chosen PQDiff files into a CSV.
There are several main factors determining the initial uptake of DFA units. Firstly, there is a level of operationalising effort that is required and that is independent of DFA numbers. Second, there is a clear need to have sufficient installed base of DFA units to ensure an adequate flow of data from them in a sensible time period to allow their performance to be tested and assessed. Thirdly, when customers also wish to enhance the initial implementation with a special project site installation (e.g.: to gain experience on SWER circuits) enough units also need to be allocated to the project sites as well as the 'mainstream' ones to ensure a good assessment of the data flow. Field experience in the USA over many years of installations suggest that the initial installed base would be in the area of at least 6-10 pieces, with more optimal assessments being when 5-10% of the circuits owned by a network are so monitored.
LORD Consulting will be engaged by the local suppliers LORD Power Equipment) in NZ, Australia, and the UK, to liaise with the asset management team to select the installation sites, prepare the installation details at each site, arrange any necessary training of staff and change management required. Installation would be intended to be done by the distribution company or its preferred contractor.
LORD Consulting and PSLLC, offer as part of the purchase price a uniquely-conceived package of support to ensure the technology continues to remain a viable and relevant asset management tool. This support includes general on-going monitoring of the unit remotely with comment passed back promptly on the issues being encountered, liaison across the operational team to the engineering team to the asset management team as to outcomes and contribution of the technology, regular generic updates as to interesting results observed from various clients, and a review of the continued contribution being made by the technology. It is important to note that this service is not intended as an inclusive 24hr/365 system performance monitoring service.
Lord Consulting would be happy to supply the names of referee companies for you to contact if this is desired.
What Network configurations have been used by other Utilities / Master Server in the US ie; IPsec Tunnel with pre-shared key / certificate / AES256 encryption or Nat Table at the firewall?
Please refer to sections 8 (DFA Cyber security and Software Maintenance) and 9 (DFA Data Backup and Retention) of the DFA Technology System Manual. We are unable, by means of confidentiality to provide specific client details of security protocols.
Data volume varies with level of circuit activity. In a very active month (e.g., a month with multiple storms or a month with a repetitive, low-amplitude, incipient condition) data volume could be several times as much as it is in a "quiet" month. We generally recommend 10GB/month/device. In the USA, certain utility companies are able to "pool" their data volume, so that a particularly active month on one circuit does not cause an overrun of that circuit's monthly allotment while the other circuits use only a small fraction of their allotments. We do not recommend sharing a cellular modem between multiple DFA devices, but we do recommend that the utility explore options, with its service provider, about pooling data allotments across multiple cellular modems. It is especially important to start with a relatively generous allotment on three-wire, 50 Hz circuits, because, as has been discussed previously, it is recognized that software adaptations will be necessary for recognition of certain types of circuit events. Design, implementation, and testing of software adaptations, particularly for repetitive, low-amplitude, incipient conditions, fundamentally require sufficient data, from operating circuits, during such conditions. The approach to collect this data, while minimizing the probability of events important for enabling the adaptations, is to trigger very sensitively, which in turn means that the amount of data collected and transmitted during this phase will be higher than it might be during long-term, normal operations. Because it is not possible to predict the level of circuit activity, we recommend the 10GB figure listed above but cannot guarantee that it will not ever be violated.
Are you able to advise/supply security specific information of previous implementations within other utilities?
The basic requirement is to provide Internet service, to each DFA device, that allows the device to connect to and maintain a connection with the DFA Master Station. Utilities have used a variety of means to do this, including fiber, DSL, and cellular modems. Lord Consulting/PSLLC can speak only generally to various implementations, and for confidentiality, cannot provide details of client specific security related implementation questions.
Is there a way to host a master server (central data logger) within a Utilities network, where all DFA's can communicate to the one central point. From the master server, could we establish a connection to the hosted master environment to transmit data (via a IPSEC tunnel)?
Several utilities use DFA route connections from DFA devices from substations to a central location (e.g. Utility headquarters) through IPSEC tunnels, then allow the data to traverse the internet to PSLLC's server. Lord Consulting/PSLLC again notes that all traffic between the DFA device and master station is encrypted using TLS channels. If a client requires to further encapsulate that traffic in a single IPSEC tunnel (or similar VPN technology, such as OpenVPN) in transit to PSLLC's server, it would be something we could discuss. The preference however is that each DFA device connects to the DFA Master Station directly, using an encrypted connection with no intermediaries.
Is it possible to implement IPSEC tunnels from each substation to the master? If IPSEC tunnels are not an option, are you able to advise what methods we could implement to encrypt the data while in transit?
There are a variety of reasons we would prefer not to implement this particular topology, and would prefer the one proposed in the above FAQ. Lord Consulting/PSLLC would be open to implementing a similar VPN technology (i.e. OpenVPN) between devices and master station.
Is the data able to be compressed before transmission, reducing the amount of data transmitted each day/month?
Data files recorded by the DFA are recorded in industry-standard PQDif format, with compression enabled in the files. Additional compression would yield little benefit and is not supported by the DFA device-to-master communications protocol. The DFA Master Station web interface provides means to access all user data; the utility does not need to acquire any special software for this purpose.
Do you require two way communications to the DFA appliances or can we configure an outbound rule from our own firewall?
Each DFA device establishes and maintains a connection to the DFA Master Station. That connection then supports encrypted, bidirectional data flow between the device and the Master. The Master does not establish connections inbound to the substation-based DFA device. Therefore there is no requirement for the substation firewall to have any inbound ports open. Also please refer to General Response above.
How often are firmware/software updates are available/applied to the DFA appliances? Does the DFA query the master server or do you push update to all appliances?
The DFA Master Station pushes updated software to the fleet of DFA Devices. This is done on an as-needed basis, averaging approximately once per month.
DFA Technology does not collect, analyse, store or transmit any information of a personal or private nature regarding any single or group of individuals, or as specified within any Privacy Legislation.
DFA operates by collecting and analysing internally the feeder phase voltage and current parameters, to identify developing fault events. This information is fully encrypted and transmitted using a unique DFA identifier which does not identify the company, feeder or location of the DFA.
Lord Consulting Ltd and Power Solutions LLC treat all data with the utmost privacy and security. Data or analytics is only used for the specific purpose of which the technology was designed and is not shared external to the clients organisation without the clients express and prior permission. In addition to this both Lord Consulting Ltd and Power Solutions LLC are happy to operate under the additional cover of an individual Non Disclosure Agreement with the client company if this is desired.
Further details on the specifics of Data Security Protocols are explained within the 'Information and Data Security' Section of this FAQ.
Can you advise if our data is hosted within New Zealand, Australia, United Kingdom, or outside of our territorial borders?
The DFA Master Station is located in the United States.
What security measures are in place to secure clients data, from any network/system security breaches?
Please refer to sections 8 (DFA Cyber security and Software Maintenance) and 9 (DFA Data Backup and Retention) of the DFA Technology System Manual.
Is data encrypted while stored within your servers (including backups) and what is your retention of data?
All data is fully encrypted in transmission and storage. Please refer to sections 8 (DFA Cyber security and Software Maintenance) and 9 (DFA Data Backup and Retention) of the DFA Technology System Manual.
The data collected by the DFA would remain the property of the utility. The Utility in turn consent to grant Lord Consulting and PSLLC (DFA Manufacturer) a free and exclusive right to use this data for delivery of specific services. i.e
The scope of customer consent includes Lord Consulting/PSLLC collecting customer DFA Data, analysing it, and using it today and in the future for product improvements (for-profit commercialization) and industry research and publications, and, upon customer request that Lord Consulting provide DFA Analysis Service, use of customer DFA Data for the purposing of enabling us to perform such services.
If you neither use the DFA Master Station Service nor request that Lord Consulting/PSLLC review customer DFA Data, then Lord Consulting do not collect customer DFA Data; however, if you use our DFA Master Station Service or request our DFA Analysis Service, then Lord Consulting collect customer DFA Data. Data includes Electrical current and voltage waveform data, sampled by DFA Devices, and reports generated by Power Solutions proprietary software acting on that waveform data.
Lord Consulting may use customer DFA Data for the purpose of developing algorithms, improving our commercial products and, upon request by you, to assist you with DFA Analysis Service. Additionally, customer DFA Data will be included with similar DFA Data collected from other Customers and may be shared with the Texas A&M Experiment Station (TEES) and their affiliates for their research projects. These research projects may, or may not, be disclosed anonymously in industry publications (identifiable data would only be disclosed publically with the consent of the utility concerned).
Lord Consulting do not monitor or review customer data on a real-time, daily, weekly, monthly, or annual basis in order to determine if customer Circuits are defective, down, or otherwise experiencing a dangerous condition or other problem. Lord Consulting are not a "home or business security" service provider that monitors customer home or business on a 24x7 basis or contacts you if the hardware and or software installed in customer home or business signals a problem. You are responsible for reviewing customer DFA Data, at intervals that customer experience deems appropriate, to determine whether customer Circuits are experiencing a problem. If you contact us regarding a specific issue involving customer Circuits, Lord Consulting may review customer DFA Data and assist you in interpreting that DFA Data related to customer Circuits. In the course of reviewing customer DFA Data for the purpose of improving our products, in the event that Lord Consulting discover an indication of a possible Circuit event or condition that Lord Consulting believe may be of interest to you, Lord Consulting may, at our discretion, initiate contact with you regarding that event or condition, but Lord Consulting have no responsibility to do so, and doing so in one instance creates no obligation or expectation that Lord Consulting would do so for future events.
If a client chose to opt out or terminate a contract a contract at some stage in the future, what happens to the data. Is it Deleted, Archived or Supplied to the client?
Please refer to sections 8 (DFA Cyber security and Software Maintenance) and 9 (DFA Data Backup and Retention) of the DFA Technology System Manual.
Lord Consulting/PSLLC may publish customer lists, to include the name of your company and the approximate number of DFA Devices and related services you have purchased or are contemplating purchasing, which will be in the nature of a customer list, press release and or marketing material. In addition Lord Consulting/PSLLC may publish research papers, reports or publications which include descriptions, summaries, and analyses that use DFA Data from customer Circuits. In doing so, the name of your company and your employees shall not be disclosed in conjunction with specific, traceable examples of DFA Data. Lord Consulting/PSLLC and its affiliates do not otherwise disclose the name of your company in its reports, except with your permission or in publications made jointly with you or your employees.
Distribution Fault Anticipation technology.
A hardware and software system for the practice of DFA Technology and consisting of a DFA Master Station and a fleet of one or more DFA Devices.
DFA Master Station Hardware, loaded with DFA Master Station Software and acting as a fundamental component of the DFA Technology System. The Master Station is currently a cloud-based device residing in the USA, which provides the secure conduit and main data repository between the DFA and the customer.
Proprietary, DFA Technology System-specific software, provided by PSLLC, necessary for the DFA Master Station to perform its intended purpose, and not including operating system software or any other third-party software.
An appropriately specified computer or system of computers, not proprietary to PSLLC, on which DFA Master Station Software is installed and used. DFA Master Station Hardware may consist of a single computer or of multiple computers configured to operate as a functional unit.
A fee-based service that provides the functionality of a DFA Master Station.
A specific device, of proprietary design, that constitutes a fundamental component of the DFA Technology System.
Proprietary, DFA Technology System-specific software, provided by PSLLC, embedded in and running on DFA Device Hardware. DFA Device Software is available only as an integral component of DFA Devices, not as standalone software.
Hardware of proprietary design, to provide the sensing, computing, communications, and other requirements for running DFA Device Software; does not include power supplies, wiring, communications equipment, or other apparatus, except as embedded in and integral to the DFA Device Hardware itself.
A function of the DFA Technology System, whereby a DFA Master Station provides oversight and management functions for a fleet of DFA Devices.
A three-phase electrical circuit, operating at distribution voltage (i.e., from 1 kV to 35 kV), for conducting electricity from a distribution substation to electric loads; also known as a Circuit.
An electric power distribution company or an entity performing power delivery functions typically ascribed to an electric power distribution company.
Electrical current and voltage waveform data, sampled by DFA Devices, and reports generated by PSLLC proprietary software acting on that waveform data.
An end user of the DFA Technology System; typically, a Distribution Company; excludes agents and resellers.
Service provided by PSLLC, upon request by Customer.
Power Solutions LLC, a Texas Limited Liability Company and supplier of DFA technology.
Does Lord/PSLLC personnel who access the DFA data have individual users ID's and passwords and is this login activity logged?
Lord Consulting and PSLLC personnel have individual user IDs. All logins are logged. Upon request by a Customer, PSLLC can make available logs related to Customer's data, for a nominal period of time (e.g., one week).
PSLLC performs internal penetration testing on its networks. Upon request by Customer, PSLLC can supply a list of vulnerabilities found and remediation steps taken.
PSLLC does not automatically notify each Customer of changes to servers, including use of collocated or cloud resources, but generally will respond to Customer's request for information about current configuration.
Please detail how data segregation is tested and enforced such that each customer can only access their own data on the Master Station.
Access to DFA Data is determined by each user's login credentials. Customer and Lord/PSLLC login IDs have access to Customer's DFA Data.
DFA Master Station Service is not to be deemed to be critical to operations, and Power Solutions does not represent that DFA Master Station Service will have 100% availability.
Each DFA Device contains an internal firewall which is configured to drop all connection attempts. The DFA Device's internal firewall is not configured to log such attempts. Customer may choose to configure its own firewall in front of the DFA Device to provide additional security and monitoring.
PSLLC patches the operating system software of the DFA Master Station Service, generally within a week of patches being made available the operating system vendor. PSLLC monitors the National Vulnerability Database and MITRE's CVE database to determine the criticality of individual vulnerabilities. PSLLC does not generally notify Customer of patching activities but can make a reasonable level of information available to Customer upon specific request.
Is the high bandwidth continuously-available web connection that is required deployed by Lord Consulting/PSLLC or the Utility and how is it secured?
The connection between each DFA Device and the DFA Master Station is via a high bandwidth web connection which is supplied by the utility. This could be either via the substation communications or a standalone comms connection. Lord Consulting can supply high end Cell modems suitable for interface with the DFA Ethernet port to the Internet as part of the supply contract. The supplied price was for hardware only and excludes installation and the on-going communications charges/plan. The utility is fully responsible for provision and maintenance of the network connection between DFA Devices and the DFA Master Station.
Each DFA Device has a factory-assigned GUID. The Master Station maintains a white list of these GUIDs. Each DFA Device establishes and maintains a connection to the Master Station. Bidirectional data transfers use that connection. The Master Station does not initiate a connection to the DFA Devices.
DFA communications use SSL.


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Post school VET (PVET) Courses
Post school Vocational Education and Training
Southern Cross Catholic Vocational College provides post-school training to students after they have completed their Higher School Certificate.
These courses are offered to students who have partially complete a Certificate III course as part of their HSC and wish to complete the remaining competencies and receive the full qualification.
Over the past 4 years, the following courses have been offered:
- Certificate III in Business (2015-2019)
- Certificate III in Early Childhood Education and Care (2017-2019)
- Certificate III in Information, Digital Media and Technology (2015-2019)
For more information about this year's courses visit the Sydney Catholic Schools Vocational Education website or contact the college for more detailed information.


text: There is an excellent mix of films coming to the big screen this month! The films range from animated, to sports, to action, and back to romance, so there is something for everyone. I personally cannot wait until the end of the month when both the boxing thriller Southpaw, and the fifth installment of the Mission … Continue reading IN THEATRES: July (2015)


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Our detectives are back with the following intel on this WordPress site
The site is using two themes, one child and one parent. The child theme is based on the parent and often custom to the site. The parent theme is Savoy theme by NordicMade .
We could identify 13 plugins (there might be more) - AppBanners , Contact Form 7 , fancy-product-designer , Google Analytics Dashboard Plugin for WordPress by MonsterInsights , js_composer , Max Mega Menu , megamenu-pro , nm-portfolio , search-filter-pro , smooch-wordpress-master , WooCommerce , WooCommerce Installments and Yoast SEO
Savoy - Modern AJAX enabled WooCommerce theme.
Savoy child theme
Ability to promote iOS, Android and MS Applications with an App Banner similar to iOS6…
Just another contact form plugin. Simple but flexible.
The best Google Analytics plugin for WordPress. See how visitors find and use your website, so you can keep them coming back.
An easy to use mega menu plugin. Written the WordPress way.
WooCommerce is a flexible, open-source eCommerce solution built on WordPress. Sell anything, anywhere and make your way.
Adds installments into the price. Adiciona parcelamento ao preço.
Improve your WordPress SEO: Write better content and have a fully optimized WordPress site using the Yoast SEO plugin.


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Ship turned away due to bugs
Biosecurity New Zealand has directed a vehicle carrier to leave Kiwi waters after stink bugs and other regulated pests were found on-board.
Officers intercepted three live and 39 dead brown marmorated stink bugs (BMSBs) and 69 other dead regulated stink bugs after the Carmen arrived in Auckland from Europe on the morning of November 28. The vessel was carrying a range of vehicles from Europe and the US.
"The interceptions indicated the cargo was likely to be infested with stink bugs," says Steve Gilbert, border-clearance services director with Biosecurity NZ. "We also believed the ship itself was contaminated.
"We informed the industry prior to the start of the season of our hard line on cargo vessels believed to be infested with stink bugs. This is about ensuring a dangerous pest doesn't get a chance to establish in New Zealand."
The ship left Auckland on the afternoon of November 29 and will now have to be treated offshore before it can return, says Gilbert. "If permitted to come back, it should expect intensive inspection before we allow any cargo to be discharged."
The Carmen is the first cargo ship to be ordered to leave New Zealand since the start of the 2018/19 stink-bug season in September. In February, Biosecurity NZ turned around four bulk carriers arriving from Japan due to stink-bug contamination.


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***Competition Time***
Win a trip to the amazing city of Istanbul! 😮🇹🇷
Courtesy of Turkish Airlines we are giving away 2 x return flights to one of the world's great cities, where East meets West… Istanbul!
Turkish Airlines flies to more countries than any other airline, flying to 304 + destinations in 122 countries with modern fleet consisting of 338 aircrafts (passenger and cargo) and currently 14 weekly flights from Dublin. With 9,100 flights per week reaches 74% of all destinations at least daily.


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27 Nov 2017 13:38
Constructing larger muscle tissue is something almost anybody can do. Despite the fact that you might not believe it, you can get effective comes from a similar approaches that body builders use. The real key to unlocking achievement is within studying around you may on how to do it right. This information will talk about some proven methods for achieving muscles.Family genes are some of the most essential elements in building muscle bulk. There is very little you are able to modify concerning your indoor genes that condition your system, however you can boost your appearance by becoming more tone. Some people just do not possess the body that may have huge muscles, so acknowledge that and shoot for far better strengthen.Eat lots of carbohydrates. Should your entire body works brief on sugar right after difficult workouts, your whole body will use muscles for health proteins and carbohydrate food, undoing your work. Keep away from reduced-carb diet programs, and take in an appropriate level of carbohydrates due to the power of your workout routinespotentially a number of grams of carbohydrates for each pound of body weight each day.Crank up some audio. Studies have revealed that listening to songs you adore while you are raising can help you do much more representatives than not playing any tunes at all or otherwise not playing the tunes that you like. In addition, getting earphones can help distract you against possessing a chat with other individuals that may defer your exercise routine.Tend not to train some day and follow it by an additional training session the next. Constantly skip some day involving to make certain that the muscles possess the time that they have to fix their selves well before working out once again. If you do not allow them to mend, they will not produce as fast as you would like these people to, and also you could wind up damaging oneself.A fantastic idea for increasing muscles which is frequently disregarded gets an adequate volume of sleeping. Your system cures by itself and adjustments whilst getting to sleep. For that reason, if you don't get an adequate amount of it, you aren't permitting the body the opportunity to do these matters. In case you are exercising tough, objective for around seven hrs of sleep, or more.Carry out your raising program every other day. After having a energetic work out, the protein activity procedure will take approximately 48 hours to complete. In other words, your body develops muscle tissue for about two-day time submit-exercise, and exercising while your body is still recouping may undo your effort. Take pleasure in the day of restit will help to maximize your outcomes.As a way to build muscle it is crucial for you to appropriately gasoline your system. Consuming a healthy proteins shake that is certainly packed with vital natural vitamins is the best way to give your body the vitamins and minerals it must have to fix ripped muscle tissue fibres and eventually create the bigger muscles you would like.When you need to concentrate on building muscle, then you will want to understand that what you really are having to aid in muscle tissue growth is virtually as important as the method that you are training these exact same muscle tissues. If your eating habits are deficient, you might you need to be sabotaging what you could attain within your muscles work out.Remember to go to the fitness center having a close friend when you find yourself concentrating on strengthening your muscles. If you try to achieve this alone, it can be possible that you set yourself right into a challenging condition, particularly if using totally free weight loads. This may lead to severe traumas or skin lesions.When coaching challenging to build muscles, ensure that you take in a good amount of carbs. Carbs supply your system with the glucose that it demands for electricity. When you're making an effort you will need energy to outlive. Breakdown to take ample carbs could lead to your whole body breaking down muscle tissue to supply it with all the protein and carbohydrates that it must survive.Let yourself to take in some frozen treats. Research has shown that eating a single container of any sort of soft ice cream which you like about 2 hours following a exercise does some really good. It is going to set off the rise of blood insulin in the body better than a number of other meals will, and will also preference excellent way too!Knowing the very best basic exercises for body building gives you quickly path final results. Make sure to incorporate leg squats, dead raises and counter presses to maximize your utilization of time and effort. These are the basic 3 idea muscle building contractors that may enhance and make your own muscles. Incorporate them into your typical schedule and increase the number of repetitions you need to do in harmless increments.Keep your exposure to muscle development in mind once you workout. If you are completely a new comer to this activity, then go for complete routines. This will give you by far the most reward. Focused training is greater for veteran muscle contractors, while they could have problem areas which need a lot more attention, or worn lower locations that require relaxation.You will need to watch your unhealthy calories, if you're planning to construct muscle tissue. You will find excellent calories and awful so give attention to consuming healthy grain and toned protein in addition to a good volume of clean veggies and fruits. Bad eating judgements will never cause muscle tissue progress, and may even make you keep extra fat.Constantly try to hgh advanced eat after your workouts. When you are completed training, go have some thing to enjoy. It lacks to be a whole food. It can be as easy as a glass of fruit juice or soy health proteins. This will help your muscle mass effectively recover from the exercise routine.While you are trying to acquire muscle tissue, be sure to keep your body appropriately hydrated. Drink at least 80 ounces of water on a daily basis and also hardwearing . entire body in the maximum develop. If you do not try this, the body may become dehydrated, which makes it difficult for the muscles to recuperate soon after difficult workouts.Ensure that you are efficiently education your primary. This doesn't indicate just performing managing movements or physical exercise-tennis ball stomach crunches. Consider performing an over head barbell squat. This exercising is an extremely hard one that places a great deal of need in your entire key due to weight's place. Achieving this move on a regular basis can help you in lifting much more on other huge workouts.Done right along with diligence, a great muscle development routine could have you in a fit condition right away. Before very long, you may look strong and really feel wonderful! Utilize the recommendations on this page to the fitness routine to create the muscles and make a lifelong persistence for your well-being and health.


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What is Luhn's Algorithm ? How to use it to validate credit card number ?
What is Luhn's Algorithm?
Luhn Algorithm is also known as modulo 10 algorithm or modulus 10 formula. It's a checksum which is used to validate credit card, IMEI and various national identification numbers from across the globe. It's named after an IBM scientist Hans Peter Luhn.
Luhn test is used by various merchants and credit card numbers to check if the provided credit card number is valid or not. The algorithm has 5 simple steps as listed below
- Reverse the digits in the given credit card number string.
- Take first, third and every odd digit from the string and sum them up to get partial sum s1.
- Take second, fourth and every other even digit and list them together.
- Multiply each of the digits listed in step 3 by 2 and sum the digits if the result is greater than 9. Then add the final digits together to get second half of the partial sum s2.
- Sum s1 and s2 and take the modulo of the sum by 10. If the result is zero, given number passes the Luhn test, if not, it fails and is an invalid number.
Let's try to understand the above steps using an example. Consider a number, 5521760712355716.
Reverse the above number to get 6175532170671255
s1 = sum of odd digits = 6+7+5+2+7+6+1+5 = 39————————-(1)
List of even digits = 1,5,3,1,0,7,2,5
Multiply each of the above digits by 2 to get 2,10,6,2,0,14,4,10.
In the above digit set, sum the digits together for all the numbers > 9 to get 2, 1 (1+0), 6, 2, 0, 5 (1+4), 4, 1 (1+0) i.e 2,1,6,2,0,5,4,1.
Sum all the numbers thus obtained, together to get s2 = 2+1+6+2+0+5+4+1 = 21———-(2)
Summing equations 1 & 2, we get Sum = 39+21 = 60 which ends in zero and hence is modulo 10 is zero , so it passes the Luhn test.
Below is a demo:
Disclaimer: None of the data entered on this site or blog is stored by us. It's for demonstration purpose only.


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Welcome to Maui Medical Group
In 1959, a group of Maui physicians planned to join together in a medical partnership so that by using their combined skills they could render a higher quality of medical care than any one single physician could...read more
Interview with Dr. Melissa Hessel
Q: What is a Pediatrician? A: A pediatrician is a doctor who has been trained specifically to care for children from birth to age 18 for both well care as well as illness, injuries or problems. Q: How long have you been practicing? A: I have practiced Pediatrics...read more
Interview with Dr. Shannon Evans
What is a D.O.? A D.O. Is a fully licensed physician that can practice in every medical specialty with the focus on teaching patients how to prevent illnesses while looking at the person as a whole with the philosophy that all parts of the body work together. A good...read more
Interview with Dr. Ellecia Cook
What is a Dermatologist? A Dermatologist is a physician who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of the skin, hair, and nails. How long have you been practicing Dermatology? I have been a Board-Certified Dermatologist for 4 years, practicing Dermatology for 7...read more


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An excellent investment opportunity or rental property located only 15 minutes from Bodrum airport. This excited luxurious beachfront project settled on the Hill and each property has a fantastic sea view. A brand new project of apartments, penthouses and villas located next to a charming traditional fishing village, just five minutes from the 36-hole PGA-standard golf course at Vita Park and with full use of all amenities of the popular Country Club, this is a golfer's paradise.
Situated between the Gulf of Gulluk and Mandalya, lake and wetlands is home to an abundance of shrubs, wildlife and birds. It boasts lush green landscapes set against a mountain backdrop, where its rich lakeside habitat meets the sea. Perfect for those who prefer a quiet location or would enjoy exploring the unspoiled town Gulluk and surrounding areas, this development is still only 20 minutes from the town centre.
Key features
Technical details:
10 year guarantee for the main building
Payment Plan
3000 Euro deposit
30% within 2 weeks with contract
30% within 3 months
40% delivery of title deed
This property is also available for sale in 1+1 apartment and 2+1 apartment 72 m2


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5years B.A.-LL.B/B.Com-LL.B Courses 2015
An application has been invited for admission to Five Year Integrated B.A.-LL.B and B.Com.-LL.B Courses for the year 2015-2016 in the Kerala Law Academy Law College, Thiruvananthapuram.
Last date to submit application form is on May 31st, 2015 (05.00 pm)
Eligibility for Integrated Five Year B.A.-LL.B & B.Com.-LL.B Courses
The applicants who have passed Higher Secondary Examination of the Government of Kerala or any other equivalent examination with not less than 45 percent of the aggregate marks in the General category and 40 percent marks in the category of SC/ST & OEC are eligible.
10 percent seats are reserved for applicants belonging to the categories of SC/ST.
Admission to the Integrated Five Year B.A. LL.B course and 50 percent seats in the Integrated Five Year B.Com. LL.B Course will be made on the basis of merit which will be determined taking into account (1) the performance in the entrance test, (2) marks secured in the qualifying exam and (3) interview.
Remaining 50 percent seats in the B.Com; LL.B Course will be filled by admitting applicants from the select list forwarded by the Commissioner for Entrance Examinations, Govt. of Kerala.
Taking the above factors into account, the Academy has evolved the following norms for admission to the first semester of the integrated Five year B.A; LL.B Course and 50 percent seats in the B.Com; LL.B Course.
Total final Index marks will be 200 (Entrance Test: 120, qualifying exam: 50 and interview: 30).
How to Apply – Kerala Law Academy Integrated LLB Admissions 2015..?
Application for admission to Integrated Five Year B.A; LL.B & B.Com; LL.B Courses for the year 2015-2016 can be submitted online in the Website www.keralalawacademy.in upto 05.00 pm on May 31st, 2015.
The print out of the application along with required supporting documents and the Demand Draft (DD) in favour of "The Principal, Kerala Law Academy Law College" for Rs.1000/- (Rupees one thousand only) shall be send to the address "The Principal, Kerala Law Academy Law College, Peroorkada P.O., Thiruvananthapuram-695005".
The Principal may refuse admission to any applicant without assigning any reason.
Any student who has obtained admission to the College by means of false certificate or by false representation of any kind, or who may be found guilty of misconduct shall be summarily dismissed.
Last date to submit application form is on May 31st, 2015 (05.00 pm)