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Check out some of our favorite photos from the past few weeks at College of Charleston.
Big shoutout to hip hop artist Wale for putting on a great show at the Sottile Theatre. Photos by Kaleb Dill.
CofC students attended the Majors and Minors Fair to speak with professors about their options.
Wes Eason '00 never thought he would be the third generation to go into the family business, but today he is one of the faces of #FamilyGrown at Sunburst Trout Farms.
Some 230 high school students from around South Carolina learned how studying German at the College can open up career opportunities.


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After not having a scheduled guest and waiting till last minute to record, BC decided to just hit the record button after getting home from his workout, and ramble on this episode about the goings on in Hollywood, Kobe Bryant, BTW, new trailers, and the possibility of Dirty Andy Dalton coming on the show!
Listen to this episode right here
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subset: commoncrawl


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Have you got the Loafiest garden in Britain?
Posted July 25th, 2019
We've been seed bombing our garden this summer. We're giving the
birds, bees and ladybirds a leg-up by letting nature do its own
Why not send a snap of your loafy, laid-back garden to [email protected] or plant it on our Facebook page or Twitter feed using #wildside by Monday 5th August and we'll post our favourites on our blog. And you could win a pack of Loaf meadow mix!
The Loafers x
The Nitty Gritty
- x1 winner will win x1 bag of mixed seeds.
- Entrants are limited to x1 entry only.
- Entrants' delivery address must be in mainland UK.
- Entries submitted after 11.59pm on Monday 29th July 2019 will not be counted.
- The winner will be chosen at random from the correct answers. The result is final and no discussion will be entered into concerning the outcome.
- The winner will be notified by email or direct message. If a response has not been received from the winner within a week of being contacted then another appropriate winner will be chosen.
- The winner's name will be posted online at http://www.loaf.com/blog and on our Facebook and Twitter feeds by the end of the day on Tuesday 30th July 2019.
- By entering the competition you give Loaf the right to use your name for the sole purpose of identifying you as a winner of the competition on our blog and other social media sites.
- Prizes must be taken as stated and no compensation will be payable if a winner is unable to use the prize as stated.
- The prize is non-transferrable and no cash alternative is available.


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There's no question about it: you've worked tremendously hard to be where you are right now. The long hours, the sacrifices you've had to make with family and friends – these have all added up in a big way. There were no shortcuts or quick fixes on your road to success, and now it's time to take your company to the next level.
One of the most pivotal steps in expanding your business is hiring your first employee.
It's not just about finding impressive qualifications either. Since it's your first employee, they need to be compatible, your right-hand person and have an intuitiveness about what your company needs.
Here are the 5 best ways you can find your first employee:
1. Figure Out Your Weaknesses
If you grew a business from the ground up, you are definitely a jack-of-all-trades type of person. You've probably learned accounting, marketing, interpersonal and sales all in one fell swoop. Throughout that time, however, you've recognized which traits at which you excel and others that are just making a passing grade.
Perhaps you thrive at marketing, but don't find the same energy for packaging and design. You might be a math whiz, but would rather have someone else make the sales calls.
Pinpointing the things you'd like to delegate will help you fine tune the right employees to hire. Not only that, having a qualified employee help tie up loose ends will give you time to focus on making new goals for yourself.
Not sure where to begin?
You can write down a list of your most-to-least favorite aspects of the job. Or if you'd prefer an outside opinion, there are many aptitude tests that will help you decide what you're best suited in doing for long term success.
2. Narrow Down The Job Search Engines
Posting a job can be as easy as writing a Craigslist ad. However, if you are trying to find a like-minded person you may want to consider posting your job on sites that reflect your mission.
For instance, if you've created a non-profit, job search engines like Idealist are dedicated to non-profits almost exclusively.
Have a start-up in tech? There are quite a few dedicated sites like VentureFizz and others that solely focus on helping new businesses thrive.
If you're looking for someone who specializes in something specific, you may even consider tracking down a recruiter, or diving in the LinkedIn profile rabbit hole.
Finding the right candidate may mean doing more than posting a job. Doing a little research to narrow down the fields of interest will weed out the unqualified candidates and get your job posting to the right people.
3. What Can You Really Offer?
Whether you're still in your start-up basement or have rented out a small office space, it's important to figure out what you can seriously offer your first employee.
Realistically, it may take some time to offer company-wide health insurance, or even a space for them to work. Paint an accurate picture of what your potential hire is walking into so they don't feel like you are giving them false promises.
Is it part or full-time? Are you looking for a freelancer or are you ready to sign a full-time employee contract? There are many freelancer websites (Upwork or Remote to name a few) that have qualified freelance candidates with ratings and a long list of previous clients.
Fear not, answering these tough questions thoughtfully can bring different kinds of people to the table. You may not be able to offer them years of security like a company who has been around for decades, but you can offer them growth and interesting projects to pursue.
This unique excitement that only a start-up has will attract people who are willing to take on that challenge with you.
4. Create Rules, but Be Flexible
You were a powerhouse of one for a long time. Now that you're hiring someone new, creating "company rules" ahead of time would be beneficial in creating your working relationship and establishing guidelines to progress forward.
Remember, your employee can't read your mind (yet!), so they need structure and framework on how your company operates.
You also may be spending a lot of time together, so establishing professional boundaries (ex: you're only available between 9-5, even if working remotely) will help the company flourish without unnecessary chaos and distractions.
However, it's important to keep in mind that what worked perfectly for you may not work as well for two or more. You sometimes truly don't know until you try it out in real time.
Adjusting to new environments is how you got this far, so be open to the fact that circumstances may need to change with your new employee in order to create success.
5. Find Someone Passionate About Your Company
It's a given that you love what you do. Find someone who not only is qualified and is friendly, but loves what you've created. When hiring a new employee, you are actively taking your company out of the "start-up" phase, and into the next stage of flourishing possibility.
You want someone who is an advocate of your company and cause, so they can be motivated just as much as you are to push things forward.
Getting a paycheck is nice, but being truly passionate about what you're doing will give a driving force to keep moving, in spite of speed bumps along the way.
During the interviewing process, be sure to ask company-specific questions, and take note of the people who ask meaningful questions as well.
Look for someone who asks these kinds of questions.
No pressure, but hiring your first employee can make or break future growth. You've shaped the company into what it is today, but it will be your employees that create the company culture, and help produce future results.
With both razor sharp decisiveness and flexibility, once you delegate your duties to your trusted employee, you will have freedom to explore new possibilities and expand to higher heights.


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That Heavenly Helen Which I Saw of Late
Oil Painting with Collage
My husband's great aunt Helen was a "pistol". The photo this painting was influenced by was, obviously, taken in the 1920's when she was in her prime. A dancer, against her father's wishes, she made it respectable. After marriage, she started a dance school where several generations of youngsters learned the joys of ballet, ballroom dancing, and many other forms. She traveled, played a great game of golf, and loved her church and community. In her last years, her mind had launched into flights of confusion, but, even then, Aunt Helen could hold her own when it came to entertaining her guests. We loved visiting her up until the last time we saw her.
2 Responses to "That Heavenly Helen Which I Saw of Late"
Oh, Sandra, that's beautiful! You really captured Helen's very essence! I never met her but I remember the stories you and others told me about her, she made me regret giving up dancing for a while. The flowers and leaves all around the picture are incredible and Helen, of course, is beautiful. I really wish I could paint as well as you! It is simply breathtaking.
being at sundance for the summer and just seeing bob redford the other night, i can't help but be reminded of the glamour of gatsby and all that f. scott fitzgerald embraced of the 20's. however, the beauty of this piece is that, while still fascinating and mysterious, the lady portrayed is strong and determined. you can tell because she is surrounded by doses of refreshingly stimulating images, and yet she keeps a satisfied expression, as if she knows she'll determine her own destractions. this lady is no shallow daisy, but she probably absorbed the parties anyway.


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In the same but different department, I've completed the novelization of the Smith Brothers' first movie, Young Blood: Evil Intentions and turned it in for approval. There will likely be some revisions before it's all said and done, but it's been a dynamite, mighty fun project.
And the show goes on.


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Soviet Starfighter - pixel hardcore scro
Aleksey Sudakov
Comrade, the universe is in danger. The capitalist enemies have raised their heads and want to destroy everything that created the tussling of Soviet citizens. Only you can stop our enemies and bring peace to our galaxy. USSP believes in you! The enemy will be defeated! In the game there are achievements and a table of Google records. Please write your recall of the game in the review! It is very important for me to know the truth! Thank you in advance for your feedback! I hope thanks to you I can make the game better!
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Jute Burlap Natural Basket Weave Runner 13x72
Create the perfect backdrop for any dinnerware set with the Jute Burlap Natural Basket Weave Runner. Crafted in 100% jute for extra durability and natural style. Finished with a hand woven basket weave technique adding unique, decorative detail and texture. From big family dinners, to small gatherings with friends this jute table runner offers sturdy construction and versatile design that is sure to match your classic country, farmhouse decor.
- PREMIUM CONSTRUCTION: with over two decades experience crafting goods for American homes, our items are built to last for years to come.
- FARMHOUSE DECOR: fits your farmhouse home with updated country style.
- QUALITY MATERIAL: made with durable 100% jute for a proper look and feel.
- Material: 100% Jute
- Color: Natural
- Manufacturer Country: India
- Care: Hand Wash, Lay Flat to Dry, Iron safe
Sizes Available
- 13" x 36" - 0.4 lb
- 13" x 48" - 0.6 lb
- 13" x 72" - 0.8 lb
Orders will be shipped within 48 hours of placement unless specifically stated. Orders are shipped Monday through Friday. The warehouse is closed on holidays and weekends. Orders placed on weekends and holidays are processed the next opened business day. Orders are typically delivered within 2 weeks. Please consult tracking numbers for up to date information.
We offer Priority Mail for US and International orders. Please note international orders may get charged Duty and Taxes by your the country of destination. You are solely responsible for any duty or taxes.
Returns - The Village Country Store
There is a 15% Restocking Fee on all orders! This is the manufacturers policy upon which we must all abide. No exceptions.
Our policy lasts 14 days. Within 14 days of purchase you can return your goods, no questions asked. If 14 days have gone by since your purchase, unfortunately we can't offer you a refund or exchange.
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To be eligible for a return, Items must be unopened, unused, be in the same condition that you received it, unlaundered, in their original packaging with law required tags still attached, in a resell-able condition, and if sold in sets, must be returned in sets. THE RA NUMBER MUST BE MARKED ON THE OUTSIDE OF THE PACKAGE, or package will not be received.
Please contact us for a return authorization number (RMA) and shipping instructions. Please include the paperwork you received with your order or a print out of your email confirmation to enable us to process your return.
If you are shipping an item over $75, you should consider using a trackable shipping service or purchasing shipping insurance.
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We ordered a ton of stuff for our guest rooms and this store was amazing. Everything came fast and was packed perfectly. Great quality, great service, and fast delivery! Thank you!
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I totally love The Village Country Store. I have made multiple purchases. In this review (1 of 2 reviews) I will be showing all my bedroom & bathroom updates.
Michelle the shopkeeper is so awesome. She has really gone beyond to help me get the beautiful bedroon/bath that I wanted. Love her.
I ordered the Clement Queen Quilt. It is better quality than expected. (Also I've washed this , with no problems). The bed skirt is Burlap Vintage Fringed, Burlap Vintage Standard Shams, Clement Standard Sham, Clement Runner. These choices were beyond my expectations. The pictures speak for themselves.
My mom loves cardinals, so as soon as I saw this pillow I knew it would be a perfect gift for her! And I was definitely not disappointed when I opened the package. It is beautiful!!! I cannot wait to give it to her this Christmas!


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"Sheya is the depth of the vast ocean of All that is. She is uncompromising in her commitment to facilitate healing for her clients, whatever the tool — Runes, Oracle cards, the Tarot, as well as direct messages from the Divine.
Sheya's holistic approach is both scientific and intuitive, her knowledge both broad and deep, she is grounded in Western and Eastern medical approaches while also incorporating sacred spiritual knowledge, esoterics and all the archetypal wisdom of the schools of Tarot — Rider-Waite, Marseille and Thoth.
Sheya has been beyond instrumental in my personal transformation and healing process. She is comprehensive, compassionate and committed to delivering Truth, whatever that looks like. She has opened doors for me that I would have otherwise not known were there at all.
I recommend Sheya whole-heartedly."
-Jason Astorquia, Vallejo, California


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Let's tick some boxes
- Shed 6*9m
- 3 bedrooms with built-ins
- Private yard (840sqm)
- Side Access
- Good Kitchen
- Well maintained; and that is just a few.
Welcome to this GEM just a short drive from the Beenleigh CBD.
If you want something special and have been looking for a while, I have a feeling this is what you are looking for.
From the moment you set foot on the property you can tell this one stands out, from the well-maintained gardens to the thoughtful layout of the home there is plenty to be impressed about.
With a large living area and even bigger one outside, there is an abundance of room for the family to entertain, the kitchen has recently been renovated and updated to live the more modern lifestyle, it has plenty of cupboard space and room to move.
Outside the yard is landscape and there is plenty of space to add value or let the kids be entertained. The shed is 6x9m and can be used for a variety of purposes from a bar room to storage, plus the side access to the back of the property prove caravan and boat storage are not a problem. Overall this is a stunner and the opportunity to purchase this property should not be missed.


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The events that occur during the fusion of double-membraned mitochondria are unknown. As an essential step toward determining the mechanism of mitochondrial fusion, we have captured this event in vitro. Mitochondrial outer and inner membrane fusion events were separable and mechanistically distinct, but both required guanosine 5′-triphosphate hydrolysis. Homotypic trans interactions of the ancient outer transmembrane guanosine triphosphatase, Fzo1, were required to promote the fusion of mitochondrial outer membranes, whereas electrical potential was also required for fusion of inner membranes. Our conclusions provide fundamental insights into the molecular events driving mitochondrial fusion and advance our understanding of the evolution of mitochondrial fusion in eukaryotic cells.
In eukaryotic cells, homotypic mitochondrial fusion events occur continuously throughout the cell cycle. These fusion events are balanced by mitochondrial fission events, and together they function to create a distributable and responsive mitochondrial compartment (1). As a result of their endosymbiotic origin, mitochondria possess two structurally and functionally distinct membranes. During mitochondrial fusion, two pairs of these membranes are coordinately and accurately fused. The mechanism by which these four membranes rapidly fuse into two continuous, yet distinct, bilayers is not understood. Mitochondrial membranes have not been observed to undergo fusion with other endomembranes, and conserved core secretory fusion components, such as soluble N-ethylmaleimide–sensitive factor attachment protein receptors, are not required for homotypic mitochondrial fusion. These features suggest that mitochondrial fusion evolved independently from secretory fusion and that the fundamental steps in membrane fusion are mediated in a mechanistically unique manner.
Three proteins in yeast—Ugo1, Mgm1, and Fzo1—are required for mitochondrial fusion in vivo based on cytological assays for mitochondrial morphology and mitochondrial content mixing during yeast mating. Ugo1 is an outer membrane protein, with several predicted transmembrane regions, and is a member of the mitochondrial transport family (2, 3). Fzo1 and Mgm1 are highly conserved large guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) and are components of the mitochondrial outer and inner membranes, respectively (4–6). Mgm1 is a dynamin-related GTPase protein (DRP) and is tethered to the inner membrane and localized to the intermembrane space (6). Genetic analysis indicates that Mgm1 interacts with itself and that its GTPase domain is required for fusion, suggesting that it functions in mitochondrial fusion in a similar way to other DRPs, as a self-assembling GTPase (7, 8). The Fzo1 GTPase is an integral membrane protein that spans the outer membrane twice; it has a small loop of functionally important amino acids in the intermembrane space, and its N-terminal GTPase domain and C terminus are in the cytosol (9). The GTPase domain of Fzo1 is most similar to a family of eubacterial GTPases, suggesting that it is derived from the mitochondrial ancestral prokaryote (10). Among eukaryotic GTPases, however, the Fzo1 GTPase domain is most closely related to the DRP family GTPase domain (11). Members of the Fzo1 GTPase family also possess, like DRPs, regions predicted to form coiled-coil structures, raising the possibility that they are modified but bone fide members of the DRP family and function in mitochondrial fusion through self-interaction and assembly.
Conserved components that mediate mitochondrial fusion and mitochondrial fission play an important role in the transmission of the cell death response in mammalian cells (12–14). Mutations in two conserved human fusion proteins, Opa1, the Mgm1 ortholog, and Mfn2, an Fzo1 ortholog, result in two types of neurodegenerative diseases: dominant optic atrophy and Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy, respectively, consistent with a role of these proteins in cell death (15–17).
Mgm1, Fzo1, and Ugo1 have been shown to interact physically (7, 8, 18), suggesting that outer and inner membranes share a common fusion apparatus, but the exact role of these components and their interactions in fusion are unknown. Indeed, discrete steps in mitochondrial fusion have not been described, primarily because this event has proven difficult to replicate in vitro.
Mitochondrial fusion in vitro. To understand the molecular events required for mitochondrial fusion, we developed an in vitro cytological assay that measures fusion of outer and inner mitochondrial membranes (19). Equivalent amounts of mitochondria containing either matrix-targeted green fluorescent protein (m-GFP) or matrix-targeted Discosoma red fluorescent protein (m-dsRed) were mixed together, concentrated by centrifugation, and resuspended in the presence of cytosolic extract, adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP), guanosine 5′-triphosphate (GTP), and an energy regeneration system. Fusion of both the outer and inner membranes was assessed by matrix content mixing, reflected by the colocalization of m-GFP and m-dsRed into single individually resolvable mitochondrial structures in three dimensions (Fig. 1, A and B, and movie S1). Fusion was quantified by determining the number of mitochondria containing both m-GFP and m-dsRed and dividing by the total number of mitochondria analyzed (n > 200). In vitro mitochondrial fusion occurred in a time- and temperature-dependent manner, consistently attaining 10 to 15% by 30 min at 22°C (Fig. 1, B and C, and fig. S1A). Because we could only detect m-GFP and m-dsRed content-mixing events, the efficiency of mitochondrial fusion in our assay was substantially higher than 10 to 15%. We also observed successive fusion events at time points greater than 30 min, which indicates that our content-mixing assay was an underestimate of total fusion efficiency. Mitochondrial fusion was highly dependent on exogenous nucleotide triphosphates (NTPs) and an energy regeneration system (Fig. 2) but not dependent on the addition of cytosolic extract, indicating that non–mitochondrial-associated proteins were not required for fusion (fig. S1B).
Three criteria indicate that our matrix content-mixing assay was an accurate reflection of mitochondrial fusion. First, mitochondria containing both m-GFP and m-dsRed were larger in diameter along their long axis than mitochondria containing only GFP or dsRed (Fig. 1D; gray bars represent unfused mitochondria, black bars represent fused mitochondria). Consistently, under conditions where fusion was observed, a population of larger single-labeled m-GFP and m-dsRed also appeared (fig. S2, A and B). Second, the relative fluorescence intensity of GFP and dsRed in fused mitochondria was decreased as compared with that of single-labeled mitochondria, indicating that fluorophores were diluted as a result of an increase in mitochondrial volume from fusion (Fig. 1B; average pixel intensity of fused mitochondria was 520, average pixel intensity of unfused mitochondria was 1252; a Student's t test resulted in P = 0.000056). Third, immunoelectron microscopy analysis demonstrated a colocalization of gold-conjugated antibodies directed against GFP and dsRED in fixed mitochondria obtained from a fusion reaction (Fig. 1F). In contrast, in fixed mitochondria obtained from a control reaction in which no fusion was observed, gold-conjugated antibodies directed against GFP and dsRed were observed only in separate mitochondria (Fig. 1E).
Monitoring the behavior of mitochondria labeled with m-GFP and m-dsRed by time-lapse fluorescent microscopy also confirmed that mitochondrial fusion occurred in vitro (movie S2, A and B). Specifically, adjacent mitochondria labeled with m-GFP and m-dsRed were observed to extend toward each other and mix matrix contents. Within our time resolution, membrane extension and matrix content mixing were rapid and unresolved events, similar to in vivo observations in which mitochondrial tubules fuse upon contact (1). Thus, the cytological content-mixing assay represents a reliable measure of mitochondrial fusion in vitro.
The energetics of mitochondrial fusion. Two mitochondrial membrane proteins, Fzo1 and Mgm1, required for mitochondrial fusion in vivo, are predicted to be GTPases, and mutations in the GTPase domains of both proteins result in mitochondrial fusion defects in vivo (4, 7, 8). However, a direct role for GTP hydrolysis in mitochondrial fusion has not been demonstrated.
We examined the nucleotide requirements and the effects of nonhydrolyzable nucleotide analogs on content mixing in vitro (Fig. 2). Mitochondrial fusion was completely dependent on NTPs. The energy regeneration system alone supported a small amount of fusion, indicating that isolated mitochondria contain an endogenous pool of NTPs. Treatment of mitochondria with apyrase, added before the assay to deplete NTPs, completely abolished fusion in a reaction containing an energy regeneration system (20). The addition of exogenous ATP to a reaction containing the energy regeneration system did not further stimulate fusion, indicating either that mitochondria possess sufficient endogenous ATP to support fusion or that ATP was not required for mitochondrial fusion. In contrast, the addition of exogenous GTP in the presence of the energy regeneration system substantially stimulated the efficiency of mitochondrial fusion, suggesting that the amount of GTP in mitochondria was limiting and required for mitochondrial fusion.
To test whether mitochondrial fusion in vitro required GTP hydrolysis, we added excess nonhydrolyzable GTP analogs to a reaction containing an energy regeneration system and ATP. In the presence of guanosine 5′-O-(3′-thiotriphosphate) (GTP-γ-S) or guanosine 5′-monophosphate guanosine 5′ [β,γ-imido]triphosphate (GMPPNP), fusion was substantially reduced, indicating that GTP hydrolysis was essential. The addition of excess guanosine 5′-O-(2′-thiodiphosphate) (GDP-β-S) also inhibited fusion, providing further evidence that GTP binding and hydrolysis were essential. In contrast, the addition of an excess amount of nonhydrolyzable ATP [adenosine 5′-O-(3-thiotriphosphate)] did not reduce fusion, indicating that in vitro ATP hydrolysis was not required. Thus, GTP but not ATP hydrolysis was required for fusion, consistent with essential roles of the two large GTPases Fzo1 and Mgm1 in mitochondrial fusion in vivo.
During the development of the in vitro assay, we observed that mitochondrial fusion was strongly influenced by yeast cell culture media, particularly the carbon source (fig. S1D). Specifically, mitochondria isolated from cells grown on nonfermentable carbon sources efficiently fused in vitro, whereas those isolated from cells grown on a fermentable carbon source were unable to fuse in vitro. This led us to test directly whether mitochondrial membrane potential played a role in mitochondrial fusion by determining the effects of the electron transport chain uncoupler, carbonylcyanide mchlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) (Fig. 2). When CCCP was present during the assay, fusion was abolished. CCCP also inhibits mitochondrial fusion in mammalian cells, indicating that membrane potential is a conserved requirement (21).
To dissect the requirement for mitochondrial inner membrane potential, we examined the effects of two additional ionophores on fusion: valinomycin, an electrogenic K+ ionophore, which specifically dissipates the electrical gradient, and nigericin, an electroneutral K+/H+ ionophore, which specifically dissipates the proton gradient (Fig. 2). Mitochondrial content mixing was highly sensitive to valinomycin, but significantly less sensitive to nigericin, indicating that the electrical and not the proton gradient was required for efficient mitochondrial fusion.
Mitochondrial fusion proceeds through discrete and sequential mitochondrial outer and inner membrane fusion events. The in vitro fusion reaction was divided into two experimental stages: Stage 1 included mitochondrial centrifugation, incubation, and resuspension, and stage 2 included the addition of exogenous NTPs and an energy regeneration system (19). To assess quantitatively the requirement of stage 1 for fusion efficiency, either mitochondria were centrifuged, incubated, and resuspended in the presence of the energy regeneration system and NTPs, or they were immediately resuspended with the energy regeneration system and NTPs. Content-mixing efficiency in each reaction was determined after 60 min of incubation at 22°C. In the absence of stage 1 treatment, mitochondrial fusion was markedly reduced (Fig. 3A). Both the centrifugation and incubation steps of stage 1 were essential for efficient fusion during stage 2 (fig. S1C). Thus, bringing mitochondrial membranes into close proximity for a critical duration was a required and rate-limiting step. In vivo, this step is likely to be mediated by cytoskeletal elements, such as actin, which in yeast function both to tether and to move mitochondria (22).
We then assessed whether mitochondrial concentration was a critical parameter for stage 2 of the reaction (Fig. 3B). After 10 min at stage 2, mitochondria were diluted 20-fold, but the concentrations of the energy regeneration system and NTPs were maintained. The diluted reaction was incubated for an additional 50 min for a total of 60 min. The fusion efficiency of the diluted reaction was reduced, compared with the undiluted 60-min control reaction, indicating that mitochondrial concentration was important, but not essential, during stage 2. In addition, the fusion efficiency of the diluted reaction at 60 min was greater than that of the undiluted control reaction assessed at 10 min, the time of dilution, indicating the existence of dilution-resistant intermediates capable of completing fusion. Thus, during stage 1, intermediate fusion structures formed and went on to fuse in an energy-dependent manner during stage 2.
We examined stage 1 mitochondria with the use of fluorescence microscopy to look for intermediate structures. Two classes of morphological structures were observed: clustered structures with a region lacking a fluorescence signal between adjacent mitochondria (Fig. 3CII) and tightly juxtaposed deformed structures with no region lacking a fluorescence signal between them (Fig. 3CII, arrows). In contrast, mitochondria that bypassed stage 1 and were placed directly under stage 2 conditions for 60 min at 22°C formed a significantly reduced number of both types of structures (Fig. 3CI). Thus, the clustered and deformed structures appear to represent the dilution-resistant fusion intermediates detected during stage 2 of the reaction (Fig. 3B). A comparison of stage 1 mitochondria with stage 2 mitochondria showed significantly fewer deformed stage 2 mitochondria and a proportionally greater number of fused mitochondria, indicating that these structures were productive intermediates in the fusion pathway (Fig. 3D; gray bars represent deformed mitochondria, black bars represent fused mitochondria). There was less of a difference in the number of clustered stage 1 versus stage 2 mitochondria, suggesting that deformed structures represent a more advanced fusion intermediate.
To determine the behavior of outer and inner mitochondrial membranes in these fusion intermediates, we examined stage 1 mitochondria by electron microscopy (EM). EM analysis also revealed at least two classes of mitochondrial structures (Fig. 4A): tightly associated mitochondria without obvious deformation (Fig. 4A, black arrows) and tightly associated and reciprocally deformed mitochondrial pairs (Fig. 4A, red arrows, and Table 1). Higher magnification of deformed mitochondria revealed that they possessed a continuous outer membrane encapsulating a boundary of two separate but tightly aligned and associated inner membranes, suggesting that they were a product of outer membrane fusion in the absence of inner membrane fusion (Fig. 4B, arrows). These structures probably represent the deformed structures observed by fluorescence microscopy (Fig. 4AII). EM analysis revealed that a greater number of deformed structures was observed in stage 1 reactions compared with that of either freshly isolated or stage 2 mitochondria (Table 1 shows stage 1; 27% of stage 1 found in freshly isolated mitochondria, n > 500, and 28% of stage 1 found in stage 2 mitochondria, n > 200). We also observed by EM a population of tightly associated nondeformed mitochondrial pairs (Fig. 4A, black arrows). In most cases, we were unable to visualize all four mitochondrial membranes within these pairs and thus were unable to determine whether outer membrane fusion had occurred. However, it is likely that these tightly associated pairs of mitochondria represented the clustered structures visualized by fluorescence microscopy (Fig. 4AI).
|Type of mitochondria
|Temp. (°C)
|Outer membrane fusion
|Inner membrane fusion
|Fluorescence (%)
|Fluorescence (%)
|(9.2%, n > 600)
|(6.3%, n > 300)
|(12%, n > 300)
|(8.8%, n > 400)
|(6.4%, n > 300)
|(11.8%, n > 400)
|fzo1-1 × fzo1-1
|(n > 600)
|(n > 800)
|(n > 300)
|fzo1-1 × fzo1-1
|(n > 400)
|(n > 600)
|(n > 200)
|fzo1-1 × WT
|(n > 600)
|(n > 300)
|(n > 200)
|fzo1-1 × WT
|(n > 400)
|(n > 300)
|(n > 300)
To substantiate our EM observations, we developed a fluorescence microscopy–based assay for outer membrane fusion (Fig. 5A) (19). Mitochondria labeled with m-dsRED and an outer membrane–targeted GFP (om-GFP) were mixed under various reaction conditions with an equivalent amount of mitochondria labeled with matrix-targeted blue fluorescent protein (m-BFP). If outer membrane fusion occurred in the absence of inner membrane fusion, an outer membrane labeled with om-GFP would be observed surrounding doubly labeled but nonoverlapping matrix compartments labeled with dsRED and BFP (Fig. 5A). Consistent with our EM observations, analysis of stage 1 mitochondria with the use of this assay revealed a significant population of such structures (Fig. 5B, movie S3, and Table 1). In stage 2 reactions, the number of structures in which only the outer membrane had fused was significantly less than the number in stage 1 reactions, confirming that these are intermediates in the fusion pathway (Table 1 shows stage 1; 62% of stage 1 found in stage 2 reactions, n > 300). Consistent with our previous observations, outer membranes labeled with om-GFP surrounding colocalized m-dsRed and m-BFP specifically appeared during stage 2, indicating that inner membrane fusion had occurred under these conditions (Fig. 5C).
Using this fluorescence-based assay, we asked whether outer membrane fusion also required GTP and/or inner membrane potential (Fig. 5D). Pretreatment of mitochondria with apyrase severely inhibited outer membrane fusion of mitochondria during stage 1 (20). Similarly, the addition of GTP-γ-S, GMPPNP, or GDP-β-S during stage 1 significantly reduced the efficiency of outer membrane fusion, indicating that endogenous GTP was required to promote the fusion of the outer membrane. When CCCP was present during stage 1, outer membrane fusion was abolished. Mitochondrial outer membrane fusion was highly sensitive to nigericin but significantly less sensitive to valinomycin, indicating that proton gradient was required for efficient mitochondrial outer membrane fusion.
Our data indicate that outer and inner membrane fusion events were separable and mechanistically distinct. Outer membrane fusion required mitochondrial concentration, was driven energetically by a relatively low (endogenous) concentration of GTP and was dependent on the inner membrane proton gradient (Fig. 5D). Inner membrane fusion, in contrast, required the hydrolysis of a relatively high concentration of GTP and the inner membrane electrical gradient (Fig. 2).
Fzo1 is required for outer membrane fusion and influences the efficiency of inner membrane fusion. Dissection of mitochondrial fusion into separate outer and inner membrane fusion events provides an experimental framework for determining the exact functions of the fusion proteins. Given our fundamental knowledge of membrane fusion events, it seems likely that outer and inner membrane fusion are products of active mechanisms resulting from trans interactions between fusion components on opposing mitochondria (23). The ancient and highly conserved transmembrane GT-Pase, Fzo1, is an excellent candidate for mediating outer membrane fusion.
To assess whether Fzo1 was required during fusion in trans, both heterozygous and homozygous fzo1 mitochondrial mutant reactions were analyzed. In both heterozygous and homozygous Δfzo1 reactions, both outer and inner membrane fusion was completely abolished. However, these defects may have been the result of indirect phenotypes associated with Δfzo1 cells. Specifically, the loss of Fzo1 function in cells secondarily causes a loss of mitochondrial DNA and consequently greatly reduces mitochondrial membrane potential, which is essential for mitochondrial fusion (4) (Fig. 2). To assess more directly the role of Fzo1 in fusion, we used the hypomorphic, recessive, temperature-sensitive fzo1-1 allele. Both mitochondrial tubules and mitochondrial DNA in yeast cells harboring the hypomorphic fzo1-1 allele can be maintained at permissive temperature, but after shifting to nonpermissive temperature, mitochondria rapidly fragment as a result of a block in mitochondrial fusion (4).
To analyze fzo1-1 reactions, both EM analysis and the fluorescence-based assays for mitochondrial outer and inner membrane fusion were used (Table 1). Wild-type mitochondria exposed to nonpermissive temperatures before or during some of the experimental steps in stage 1 were unable to fuse. Thus, to analyze the role of Fzo1, the concentration and incubation steps were performed at permissive temperature and mitochondria were placed at a nonpermissive temperature after resuspension in reactions lacking the energy regeneration system and NTPs (for stage 1) or containing the energy regeneration system and NTPs (for stage 2) and incubated for 60 min.
In homozygous fzo1-1 stage 1 reactions, mitochondrial outer membrane fusion was significantly compromised under both permissive and nonpermissive conditions, compared with that of the wild type, as assessed by both fluorescence and EM analysis (Table 1). It is likely that Fzo1-1 protein retained partial function in vitro under nonpermissive conditions, explaining why outer membrane fusion was not completely abolished. Significantly, mitochondrial outer membrane fusion was equally compromised in heterozygous fzo1-1 stage 1 reactions under nonpermissive conditions as compared with that of the wild type. These findings indicate that Fzo1-Fzo1 interactions on opposing mitochondrial membranes were required to promote outer membrane fusion.
We also asked whether Fzo1 function was required for inner membrane fusion by assaying matrix content mixing in homozygous and heterozygous fzo1-1 reactions under stage 2 conditions (Table 1). At permissive temperature, mitochondrial outer membrane fusion was affected to a greater extent than inner membrane fusion, indicating that the relatively high NTP concentration present during stage 2 partially suppressed the outer membrane fusion defect observed in stage 1 fzo1-1 reactions. At nonpermissive temperature, both mitochondrial inner and outer membrane fusion were severely compromised by the loss of Fzo1 function in heterozygous and homozygous reactions, as compared with the inner and outer membrane fusion of the wild type. Defects in outer and inner membrane fusion were suppressed in fzo1-1 mitochondria isolated from fzo1-1 cells expressing wild-type Fzo1, indicating that they were the result of compromised Fzo1 function. The severe defect in inner membrane fusion observed in fzo1-1 mitochondria at nonpermissive temperature suggests that Fzo1 trans interactions in the outer membrane were also required for inner membrane fusion.
A model for mitochondrial fusion. Mitochondrial fusion is accomplished through sequential mitochondrial outer and inner membrane fusion events that are mediated by separate and mechanistically distinct machineries. Outer membrane fusion requires GTP and trans Fzo1 interactions on opposing mitochondria, suggesting that GTP promotes outer membrane fusion by means of Fzo1. The conserved Fzo1 cytosolic C-terminal domain forms an intermolecular dimeric antiparallel coiled-coil structure (24), suggesting a mechanism for bringing opposing outer membranes into close proximity. The only known fusion protein associated with the inner membrane is the DRP Mgm1. Thus, it is probable that additional components will be required in the inner membrane to mediate the critical steps of membrane association and fusion pore formation.
Although outer and inner membrane fusion can be uncoupled, interactions between Fzo1 and inner membrane fusion proteins, such as Mgm1, play important roles in inner membrane fusion. Biochemical interactions between Fzo1 and Mgm1 have been demonstrated and involve the outer membrane fusion protein Ugo1 (7, 8). The exact nature of the interactions between Fzo1, Ugo1, and Mgm1 and their specific roles in mitochondrial fusion remain largely unknown. However, Ugo1 functions as an adaptor between Fzo1 and Mgm1 (18). Fzo1 interactions with inner membrane components may be required in a mechanical manner for the formation of regions of close inner and outer membrane contact within mitochondria. Such regions of contact would function to bring inner membranes into closer proximity after outer membrane fusion and also perhaps to eliminate cristae in the vicinity of fusion. Indeed, by EM analysis, no cristae are observed at sites of inner membrane contact (Fig. 4B). Alternatively, but not exclusively, Fzo1 may function in a regulatory manner by stimulating, by means of GTP cycle–dependent conformations, events in the inner membrane required for fusion.
Fzo1 is a key player in the evolution of mitochondrial fusion. Based on a phylogenetic analysis, Fzo1 is derived from the eubacterial endosymbiotic precursor of mitochondria (10, 11). Our data showing that Fzo1 plays essential and fundamental roles in the fusion of both outer and inner membranes are consistent with this idea. Phylogenetic analysis of Fzo1 also identifies it as a member of the dynamin-related GT-Pase family (11). The similarity of Fzo1 to DRPs suggests the intriguing possibility that DRPs evolved from a eubacterial progenitor, and that Fzo1, like DRPs, functions to remodel membranes through self-interaction and assembly. An additional evolutionary connection between DRPs and endosymbiotic organelles is that their division also has evolved to require the action of a DRP (25).
DRPs most commonly have been shown to function in membrane fission events, such as mitochondrial and chloroplast division and endocytosis (26). However, the actions of two DRPs, Fzo1 on the outer membrane and Mgm1 on the inner membrane, are required for mitochondrial membrane fusion. In a fusion event, Fzo1 and Mgm1 may possess modified activities and function through self-assembly only to tubulate, and not divide, regions of outer and inner membrane, thereby creating a bending stress, which can be harnessed for membrane fusion. The utilization of DRPs to drive membrane fusion events mechanistically distinguishes mitochondrial fusion from other fusion events in eukaryotic cells. Understanding their exact mode of action will enhance our understanding of the fundamental principles that underlie membrane fusion events.
Supporting Online Material
Materials and Methods
Figs. S1 and S2
Movies S1 to S3


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What is an InsurTech FastTrack?
What is InsurTech?
InsurTech is not FinTech but has some similarities. InsurTech is an emerging market practice which aims to find advanced and emerging technologies and solutions targeted at solving customer, operational and business model problems within the insurance sector, meaning general insurance, life and pension insurance, healthcare insurance. Many great technology solutions have the potential to solve unorthodox problems in insurance. Many great entrepreneurs do not realize that they could target an underserved, $4 trillion market. We hope your business is one of these.
What is a FastTrack?
FastTracks are a series of events we host all over the globe. They are an opportunity for the Startupbootcamp InsurTech team to meet and support the best talent in InsurTech and to connect startups with carefully, hand-picked expert mentors. Selected startups present their businesses and then receive several 20-minute sessions of one-on-one mentor feedback from our Startupbootcamp InsurTech team, our partners, and top industry experts.
What is the Value of a FastTrack?
Startups who attend our FastTracks get to sit down with industry experts, mentors, and partners and receive valuable advice and feedback. The startups and influencers create connections and are able to remain in contact long after the event has ended. Startups also learn more about our accelerator program and are able to ask questions and see if it is a right fit for them.


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The word that best describes Jaxson, 2, is joyful. "He is a happy, fun, very active and extremely strong little boy." says his mother, Diana. A brain tumor diagnosis hasn't changed any of that.
When he was 1, Jaxson started to drool excessively at night. He would wake up with his PJs soaked. Diana and her husband, Nicholas, were concerned. A few days and doctor visits later, Jaxson was admitted to a hospital in New Jersey, but doctors weren't able to determine what, if anything, was the problem. One doctor did, however, mention the possibility that Jaxson was having seizures, a comment that lingered in his parents' thoughts. On June 22, 2015, his bottom lip started twitching. Diana took a video of it, and she and Nicholas brought him to the Emergency Department at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia.
"He was admitted in 13 minutes," says Diana. A CAT scan revealed a cancerous mass in his brain. Two days later, Neurosurgeon Philip "Jay" B. Storm, MD, removed the tumor completely.
With a sample of Jaxson's tumor, pathologists at Children's Hospital were able to make a diagnosis: atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (ATRT). ATRT is a rare and aggressive form of malignant brain cancer found most often in young children.
ATRT was first distinguished as a unique tumor type by Children's Hospital's own Lucy Rourke-Adams, MD. Her discovery, made in the late 1990s, led to the development of intensified ATRT-specific treatment protocols, which improved outcomes for children with this type of brain cancer.
For Jaxson, that meant his brain surgery would be followed by a multimodal, intensive course of treatment. It was tough: six rounds of inpatient chemotherapy, 30 days of focal proton radiation, and 12 rounds of monthly maintenance chemotherapy, which should conclude by the end of 2016. Yet Jaxson has sailed through it. "He's so comfortable at CHOP," his mom says. "It's not stressful. It's like coming to see family." Jaxson's father laughs and adds, "Sometimes he doesn't want to leave!"
His team, led by pediatric neurologist Mai Dang, MD, includes an experienced pediatric neurosurgeon who was able to safely remove the tumor; a pediatric radiation oncologist who understands the potential neurocognitive effects of radiation therapy on an infant's brain; pediatric anesthesiologists who make it possible for a baby to undergo focal proton therapy every day for a month; and a team of pediatric neuro-oncologists who are not just treating children with ATRT every day, but studying new ways to treat the disease.
Seeing 2 1/2-year-old Jaxson today, you might not even realize he's being treated for cancer. He loves goofing around with his big brothers, Joey and Dominick, and watching them play baseball. After their games, he runs around the field with them. These days he can't be in the sun for very long, which has curtailed his beloved outside play time, but he has plenty of company to keep him occupied: "His brothers, grandparents, cousins, aunts and uncles adore him and love spending time with him," says Diana. The diagnosis and treatment sent the family into a whirlwind, but also brought them closer together.
Everything they've been through has made them see what others might take for granted — like blowing out candles on a birthday cake — as breakthrough moments. "Last year we didn't know if Jaxson would celebrate his second birthday and where he would be," says Diana. "We got to celebrate his second birthday with no evidence of disease. Walking, talking, happy, typical 2-year-old."
There are currently no clinical trials available to Jaxson, or any other child newly diagnosed with ATRT. More funding for research could change that, by supporting the research required to better understand how this tumor works and identify new pathways for treatment. You can help kids like Jaxson by making a donation to the Pediatric Neuro-Oncology Program, part of the Center for Childhood Cancer Research at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, one of the nation's leading pediatric brain tumor treatment centers.
Three years later
Jaxson successfully completed treatment at the end of 2016, and these days, the interval between his checkups at CHOP has grown to six months. "That's good and bad for me," says Diana. "There's always anxiety."
Five-year-old Jaxson enjoys playing video games — in particular, Plants vs. Zombies — and reading books. He loves the family's pool, courtesy of the Make-A-Wish Foundation, and spending time at the beach. He's looking forward to starting kindergarten. "It was hard at first for him to adjust to being around other kids," explains Diana. "He's spent so much time around adults."
His brothers remain very protective of him, and the lingering effects of treatment mean he still needs sessions with physical, occupational and speech therapists. "He has some hearing loss, but they can't get an accurate hearing test because he's so young," says Diana. "He seems to hear some things he shouldn't hear, like birds chirping."
The fact that four years has passed since he was diagnosed amazes his mom. "It's surreal," she says. "I can't believe we did it, and I can't believe where we're at now." One thing remains constant: the family's determination to raise funds for pediatric brain tumor research, an area woefully underfunded.


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Dan is not woman, but he sings I Am Woman. Can you believe it? Actually he sings a lot of things, not all of which necessarily represent the Finnerty Estate in its entirety. Download his new album and he'll "sing" at your wedding too.
David "Da Small Chin" Dastmalchian has been in movies before. He's never been in a movie involving shrinking, though, which has haunted him since birth. All that changes on the 17th when Ant Man comes out.


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This barrel-fermented white Rioja is a world away from the old-fashioned style of oxidised wine and is instead light, fresh and with a soft, creamy mouthfeel.
Bodegas Muga
A Rioja house that holds a special place in many a drinkers diseased heart, Muga have been quietly crafting some of the finest wines from the region since the early 1930's. Based in Haro by the old railway station, ...Learn more


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The book contains information about the research roadmap envisioned for Cooperating Objects by the Embedded WiSeNts consortium and its associated industrial and academic partners. The Embedded WiSeNts project started in September 2004 as a Coordination Action funded by the European Commission under IST/FP6 to create a series of studies on the state of the art of Cooperating Objects and to devise a research roadmap to be used for the definition of future research programs. This book is the final result of these two years of work.
"Although wireless sensor networks constitute a hot research area, there is still a long way to go if these efforts are to leave the labs and transform themselves from high-tech toys to innovative real world problem solvers. This inspiring book provides an insight into the research challenges, gaps and trends associated with cooperating objects and wireless sensor networks. A must read for the sensor network researcher!" Stamatis Karnouskos, Senior Researcher, SAP Research
"This book makes clear, that - in the long run - ubiquitous computing using embedded wireless sensor networks may cause great social and economic changes. An appraisal of research and development activities and their outcome is the basis for these changes, but they also point to the next challenge: the transfer of sophisticated research to mature products and services. This book is a great summary of the state of the art, describing the overall vision as well as the opportunities of practical use."
Jens Wukasch, Research and Development Expert, T-Systems Enterprise Services GmbH
"The book very nicely summarizes the current state-of-the-art in sensor/cooperating object research and gives interesting directions for future research opportunities."
Matthias Neugebauer, Program Manager Mobile Applications, European Microsoft Innovation Center
|43.00 €
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Regional Clubs
National Clubs
A Fine Rhine Time
The Good Humor Man
Baring Bones
Tow, Tow, Tow Your Boat
In Memoriam
Imagine walking in the footsteps of Beethoven, touring castles and music halls, enjoying local and gourmet meals, and sipping wine on deck while cruising between Germany and France on the Rhine River. If this sounds like your cup of tea, or stein of beer, you would have enjoyed the cruise down the Rhine River aboard the MS Switzerland II. Thirty or so Northwestern alumni, spouses, relatives and friends joined alumni from other universities aboard this delightful river ship on a cruise from Bonn to Breisach, Germany. While the ship, which has a capacity of 110 passengers, resembles a barge, the food and service were first class, and our Alumni Holidays International guide gave fascinating history lectures onboard.
We quickly learned that the advantage of a river cruise is the proximity to scenery on both sides of the river and the chance to go back to a time when river traffic was the main approach to small villages and towns. No Autobahn for this group!
Oliver Ionita, director of development for the School of Music, and his wife, Farren, were our Northwestern hosts. Their hospitality and knowledge of music helped us all, as we enjoyed a beautiful piano concert by Beethoven specialist Peter Köcsky in Bonn and an organ concert near Breisach after leaving the Black Forest.
The cruise began in Bonn, the former capital of West Germany. The bustling city has fresh markets and music aplenty, with a modern concert hall and lots of Beethoven history, including his house. The ship docked close to town, and the walks through the University of Bonn and town center were splendid, thanks to colorful fall leaves and crisp autumn weather.
Nancy Jacobs (Mu52) and her group of five friends were often seen multitasking, playing bridge on deck while enjoying our travel director's descriptions of sites along the riverbanks. We saw old castles, forts, toll bridges and some of the important landmarks of battles from World War II, including the Ludendorff Bridge at Remagen. The Allies' capture of the bridge in March 1945 helped shorten the war. Today the bridge towers remain as a museum and tribute.
Travelers had plenty of fun onboard between landings. The Ionitas hosted a Northwestern cocktail party, in addition to the captain's welcome party, and the last evening featured a talent show with many of the Northwestern alumni women performing in a skit called "Waa-Mu Rejects."
Among our many stops, Heidelberg was a highlight. The climb up to Heidelberg Castle, which overlooks the town and the river, was definitely worthwhile. Our guides were superb and taught us about life in the medieval castles, the importance of the prince "electors," who chose the emperor, and the lavish gifts made to the princes' women. We climbed over the castle's Heidelberg Tun, the largest wooden wine cask in Germany, approximately 220,000 liters in capacity. We lunched at the Red Lion, an old German beer hall, and we shopped and sampled Zwiebelkuchen, or onion pie.
Leaving Speyer, we crossed over to the French side of the river and docked in Strasbourg, a lovely, quaint, yet partly modern city in Alsace that houses the Council of Europe. We had an informative lecture from Kjell Torbiörn, head of the office of the secretary-general of the council's Parliamentary Assembly, who thoughtfully answered our questions about oil, the Middle East and the weak U.S. dollar.
In Worms we stood in the spot where Charles V, the Holy Roman Emperor and king of Germany, gave Martin Luther "safe passage," declaring him an outlaw instead of handing down a death sentence. Luther's friend, Prince Frederick, then gave him housing in Wartburg Castle near Eisenach, where Luther translated the Bible from Latin to German.
What history, what music, what art we were part of for those six days on the river. Then it was time to say goodbye to the Rhine, having made new friends and having learned to appreciate the sense of history, community and commerce that a river provides.
Irene Hyland Sullivan (J64), a juvenile judge in Pinellas County, Fla., presides over child abuse and delinquency cases.
Visit the NAA's travel page or call 1-800-NU-ALUMS for information on upcoming trips.


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Business Leadership with CEO Club of Baltimore President Doug Strouse
In the second episode of 15-Minute Leadership Quick Hit, CEO of Global Data Source, Managing Partner of Wexley Consulting, and President of the CEO Club of Baltimore, Doug Strouse joins us to provide considerable insight on business leadership. Doug has consulted for numerous Fortune 500-type corporations, and delivers a strong message to listeners.
About the 15-Minute Leadership Quick Hit
The 15-minute Leadership Quick Hit, a podcast production powered by Fallston Group, is a brief, conversational podcast with recognized leaders across the nation that focuses on the essential attributes of results-driven leadership. Each month, our 15-Minute Leadership Quick Hit offers listeners valuable insights and lessons learned from some of the most progressive executives we know. From industry specific advice to leading organizations through issues of adversity, the series provides "real knowledge" in bottom line fashion.


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My stuff is so vile, I am less than dust
while your gleam rends the mirror's heart.
My darkness lights the chafing-dish
before I am incinerated. A miner's boot
tramples my head, covering me with ashes.
Do you know my life's gist?
A condensed sliver of smoke, transformed
into a single spark, in feature and nature
starlike, your every facet a splendor,
light of the king's eye, the dagger's jewel.
Friend, be wise, the diamond replied, assume
a bezel's dignity! Loam strives to harden
to fill my bosom with radiance. Burn
because you are soft. Banish fear and grief.
Be hard as stone, be a diamond.


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Lizzy Truss never ceases to amaze us all down here – bless. Her ability to drift through with barely any acknowledgement to what she leaves behind her is to be admired. We have put together a little portfolio of just a few of her most memorable moments. If only more of our politicians were like our Lizzy – be fair, at least then they'd give us all a laugh! PLUS: Don't forget her wonderful 'Cheese – A Disgrace' moment! LINK
Please Note: It is possible some unscrupulous individuals have Photoshopped some of these images but, at this point in time, we believe they are genuine.


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The Ultimate Buffalo PUA Infield Training!
Get Live Infield PUA Training in Buffalo New York With The Guy Awarded Best Dating Coach
We've all been there…
There you are walking down the street in Buffalo and you suddenly see a breath-taking woman walk right by you. Do you know what to do to confidently walk up to her and trigger sexual chemistry?
Buffalo is flourishing with gorgeous babes! Are you missing out on all of the great chances to meet women?
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This is exactly how naturals who are actually good with girls interact. And it will be easy for you .
There is virtually no rehearsing lines or scripts. Just simple concepts that really work.
We will evendemonstrate for you to give you examples of how to approach correctly and then study your interactions and provide you constructive criticism to perfect your interactions.
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Just see what prior alumni are saying when it comes to this pua coaching:
Just see what prior alumni are saying when it comes to this pua coaching: