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Solar sign: Sagittarius – Element: fire
The multifaceted Sagittarian born on November 30 has been blessed with intelligence, eloquence, wit, appeal, and enthusiasm. The sky's the limit in terms of your artistic potential is anxious. Your restless temperament abhors a vacuum, and it is typical working procedure to suit your needs to complete two factors in the same time. Inherently inquisitive and eminently sociable, you like touring, conference new individuals, and mastering new points. You look at your life being a series of experiences consisting of as a lot of enjoyable adventures and stimulating discussions as is possible.
November thirtieth persons have engaging personalities as well as the wonderful means to talk their way into or away from any condition. You benefit from the highlight, and popularity and acceptance come quickly to you personally. In business enterprise, you may make your mark in income, marketing, promotion, or vacation. Having said that, your real contacting may be inside the media, the regulation, politics, or faith. Along with your speedy, active brain and fluent, remarkable way of expressing oneself, you may garner good acclaim as an actor, singer, writer, publisher, or instructor.
You are freedom oriented and possess a relaxed mindset towards love. Interactions perform greatest for you personally when you are able to establish a strong intellectual rapport. You're a form and generous lover, but there's some thing in the passionate gypsy as part of your makeup. You could possibly make your mind up to stay around for the lifetime, otherwise you may be long gone tomorrow.


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«NEW» - Free Download Mennonite Foods & Folkways from South Russia, Vol. 2 Ebook Online PDF
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Mennonite World Review Putting the Mennonite world together an independent ministry of christian journalism serving mennonites and the global anabaptist movement Brief Statement of Mennonite Doctrine Anabaptists Brief Statement of Mennonite Doctrine The following is taken from Mennonite Yearbook, volume 77 (1986 87). This is a summary statement based on the confession of ... What's the difference between Mennonites and Amish ... We find that many people asking about Mennonites are actually thinking of the Old Order Amish or Old Order Mennonites. Mennonites and Amish come from a Protestant ... Find a Church Mennonite Church USA Mennonite Church USA is comprised of 21 area conferences made up of local congregations. Use these tools to find a church congregation in your area. Difference Between Amish and Mennonite Amish vs Mennonite Amish or Amish Mennonite are a very traditional sect or a subgroup of the Mennonite Church. 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Learn about the anabaptist denomination and find a church congregation. MA in Peacebuilding and Collaborative Development ... Canadian Mennonite University a university of the church for the world. A Christian University in the Anabaptist tradition, CMU offers challenging programs and ... Registration Mennonite Church USA Convention Early Jan. 17 Mar. 23: Regular March 24 April 30. Late May 1 July 8. Full Registration . Adults Youth Youth Sponsors Jr Youth Jr Youth Sponsors Virginia Mennonite Retirement Community Non profit progressive retirement community in Harrisonburg, VA. Information on the VMRC foundation, living accommodations, and wellness center. Muddy Pond Sorghum Mill Welcome to Muddy Pond Sorghum Mill. Our Mill is operated by the Guenther family and is located midway between Nashville and Knoxville in the hills of Tennessee. Eastern Mennonite University EMU Christian liberal arts university in Harrisonburg. Special programs in peace, justice, conflict management. 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subset: commoncrawl


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Main menu
I think that having the land and not ruining it is the most beautiful art form that you could want. (Andy Warhol)
The ecosystem is delicate as the fundamental balance that allows the existence of the planet. Unfortunately, the indiscriminate human action -through hunting, fishing, vandalism, fires, farming, pollution, deforestation, the urbanization- major risks for the beautiful harmony of Creation, destroying natural habitats.
Man is the only animal that blushes, but the only one to need it. (Mark Twain)
The plants are of paramount importance in all aspects of our lives: providing food, fibers, medicines, fuel, shelter, tissues and even the air we breathe. Even the survival of many animal species directly dependent on plants. Plants and Animals, Flora and Fauna are essential for human survival.
Man has been endowed with the right and the power to create, so that he could add her to what he has been given. But so far he has never acted as a creator, but only by the destroyer. Razes the forests, drying up rivers, extinct flora and wildlife, alter the climate and brutalizes the earth every day. (Anton Chekhov)
According to data from the International Body IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) a quarter of mammals and one-eighth of the birds are now threatened with extinction, as 25% of reptiles, 20% of amphibians and 30% Fish. Indeed, some animal species classified as "Critically Endangered" could definitely become extinct within just 10 years! No one should tolerate being inflicted on animals suffering and even decline responsibility.
No one should keep quiet thinking that otherwise meddle in affairs that do not concern him. When so many are ill-treatment inflicted on animals, when they agonize ignored because of heartless men, we are all guilty. (Albert Schweitzer)
Even the botanical species are unfortunately not in a better situation: mosses, lichens, legumes, conifers and orchids. 22% is in danger of extinction!
The destruction is the will of a man, but also the prevention is the will of a man. The choice of a man is the one between destruction and prevention. (Rajan Babu)
Living in an environmentally friendly manner and stop actions against human nature is our duty! Vigilant and denounce the weapons that allow us to fight against the decline of biodiversity, the web of life on which we all depend.
If we heal the earth, we heal ourselves. (David Orr)
These species of animals and plants currently at greater risk of extinction.


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Blessing #1:
This pretty much sums up our entire Christmas tree hunting expedition this year - searching in all directions. For nearly two hours! The longer we searched for the "perfect tree" we could all agree on, the uglier they all got. It was brutal. The problem was the farm we chose to go to - they don't take the best care of their trees, and I remember last year we had a hard time finding one to suit us. Still, we managed to find a tree at least three of us liked. Britt was not happy with it, but guess what? He's happy now. It looks lovely in our living room, and has been twinkling along all month long.
Blessing #2:
Brailey went to her first Holiday Dance! The poor girl looks a little haggard - the dance was after school AND volleyball practice. She covered it for the yearbook, but she would have gone, anyway. And she had a great time! Britt and I picked her up just a few minutes early, and she didn't want to leave. Brady asked her if she danced, and she said, "Oh yah! I danced a LOT!" And then he said, "With a BOY?!" And she said, "Oh NO! Just by myself and with my friends!" Her GIRLfriends, mind you... We are so grateful she hasn't taken a liking to boys, just yet. And we were thrilled she had such a great time!
Blessing #3:
Brailey still likes to play with the Christmas dolls and stuffed animals and hats. I walked around the corner to this adorable arrangement (see above) one day.
Blessing #4:
Brailey Shaye and Rosin, reading one of our Christmas books. Every year, she and Britt go through all of them. Here they are laying in front of the heater. Brailey is using Rosin's bed for her pillow, so Rosin is using her for a bed.
Blessing #5:
The traditional homemade Christmas ornaments. Every year, the little B's make an ornament. This year, they made these cute little bottle cap snowmen, complete with bling!
Blessing #6:
Finding the perfect spot to place their bottle cap snowmen. And wah-lah, our tree! Guess what? They decorated the entire tree, other than the lights. I let them put on every single ornament, and they did a great job! I love the angel on top of the tree - my Aunt Mary made it for me, and she is porcelain and has a beautiful lace dress and feather wings. She is darling!
Blessing #7:
Brailey Shaye has turned into a wrapping machine! And she has taken great joy in shopping for me! Christmas blessing, indeed! What mom wouldn't be thrilled about something like that?! Brady usually waits until the last second to do his shopping with the kids, but not this year. Oh no! Brailey was relentless in her pursuit of the things she wanted to get. There were many phone calls and texts and even a shopping trip at home involved in this year's endeavor. Britt made sure he had his say, as well, although he mostly left the wrapping to his big sis. And I must say, my gifts look amazing! It warms my heart to see them love to give and wrap presents. They also loved the ones I wrapped for them! I am so happy Brailey has realized what an art wrapping presents can be, and that it is actually not as easy as it looks. She said, "Wow, Mom! I love the way you wrapped our gifts!" Britt likes to wrap his gifts, too, but they aren't quite as lovely as Brailey's. However, they are just as cute, in their own way.
Blessing #8:
Brady and I asked the B's to give some of their own money to a charity, this year, and they happily obliged, no whining or anything! They ended up choosing Brailey's school cause and gave money for food cards. I'm so proud of them! They also wanted to buy a gift for a friend, and so we let them. Brailey made something for three of hers, and Britt would have bought the stores out for his buddies, but we asked him to choose just one special person, since his gift wasn't homemade. He himself remembered to get the gift, and he just knows his friend is going to love it! They both wrapped their gifts with love, and I hope their friends can feel the heart and soul that went into them.
Blessing #9:
Christmas cards... I used to love designing ours. I looked forward to it all year long! This year? Not so much. In fact, I almost scrapped the whole thing. But we had to do them for Brady's dealers, anyway, and so I did one for family and friends. Not my favorite one by any means. But I'm glad we did, because as our little Christmas card tree has slowly been filling up, I have loved reading every single card we've received. And I find myself looking forward to seeing who sent us one every day when we visit our mailbox. So yah, I'm old-fashioned that way. I like remembering special people, and I also like being remembered.
Blessing #10:
Both B's still believe in Santa... To their souls! Although we have been asked quite a few more questions than ever before, this year. Brady and I let them know Santa is magical and believing in him is what makes the magic occur, and we are never going to back down from that sentiment. It makes us so proud they are strong enough in their own beliefs to question what their friends tell them and to really consider what they believe on their own. And that brings us to our next blessing...
Blessing #11:
Our Catholic faith. Just like Santa, it's all about believing, isn't it? Believe. Believe in the magic of Christmas, and believe in the glory of God.


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Baby Shoes
>> Saturday, December 01, 2007
My sister-in-law's baby shower is today. Of course we had to have a nasty ice storm move in over night so I'm not sure just how many people will come out for it.
I spent the last couple of days creating the cutest favor cups with my Wishblade.
Yes, I know they will all end up in the trash. Don't be a kill-joy. They are cute and I will get lots of praise. Because, you know, it's all about me. lol


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welcome to DuchenneXchange- a positively charged Duchenne muscular dystrophy community.
- join today!
- log in
Virtual Reality in Individuals With Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
study id #: NCT03002298
condition: Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
status: completedpurpose:
With the growing accessibility of computer-assisted technology, one option for rehabilitation programs for individuals with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the use of virtual reality environments to enhance motor practice. Thus, it is important to examine whether performance improvements in the virtual environment generalize to the natural environment. To examine this issue, we had 64 individuals, 32 of which were individuals with DMD and 32 were typically developing individuals. The groups practiced two coincidence timing tasks. In the more tangible button-press task, the individuals were required to 'intercept' a falling virtual object at the moment it reached the interception point by pressing a key on the computer. In the more abstract task, they were instructed to 'intercept' the virtual object by making a hand movement in a virtual environment using a webcam.
intervention: DMD gesture task, DMD button-press task, Control group gesture task, Control group button-press task
mechanism of action: No pharmaceutical intervention
results: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/results/NCT03002298
last updated: November 22, 2018
start date: January 2016
estimated completion: October 2016
phase of development: N/A
size / enrollment: 64
study description: The Department of Electronic System Engineering of the Polytechnic School of the University of São Paulo (Brazil) developed the software that superimposes virtual objects over images of real world, captured with a webcam.
The coincidence timing task could either have a virtual or a real interface. For the real interface, a keyboard was used. For the virtual interface, a webcam recorded a marker on the table alongside the keyboard of the computer. The images were fed into the computer and analyzed online. Using the custom-made software, it was determined whether or not the participant's hand occluded the marker, which was then fed back to the virtual environment. The coincidence timing task was based on the Bassin Anticipation Timer. To this end, 10 3D-cubes were displayed simultaneously in a vertical column on a monitor. The cubes were turned on (i.e., they changed from white to green) and off sequentially (from top to bottom) until the target cube (i.e., the tenth cube) was reached. The task for the participant was to either press the space bar on the keyboard (i.e., tangible button press task, by physical contact, represented on figure 1A and 1B) or to make a sideward hand gesture as if hitting the target object (i.e., the more abstract gesture task, with no physical contact, represented on the figure 1C and 1D), i.e., occluding the marker at the exact moment the target cube turned green.
Participants performed the task individually in a quiet room with only the examiner who gave the instructions present. The computer was placed on a table. The participants were seated in their wheelchair, which was adjusted according to the needs of the individual.
The examiner explained the task verbally and gave three demonstrations of how to perform the coincidence timing tasks. The participants were instructed to place the preferred hand (i.e., the less affected hand) on a mark aside to the target (The location was individually adjusted but ranged from 2 to 4 cm from the target). Once the first top cube turned on, the individual had to move his hand to either touch the target key on the keyboard or to make a hitting gesture in front of the webcam, exactly at the moment coinciding with the bottom target cube turning on. Different sounds were provided as feedback for either a hit or miss during acquisition, retention and transfer, the range of error being -200 to 200ms.
Participants with DMD and TD were divided into two subgroups randomly: (a) button-press task group (BPT) - in this group during the acquisition phase the participants should press the space button on keyboard to complete the coincidence timing task (more real interface) and (b) gesture task group (GT) - in this group during the acquisition phase the participants should cross a virtual target created by a webcam to complete the coincidence timing task instead of press the computer button (more virtual interface).
For all tasks (button-press and gesture), during the acquisition phase, all groups started performing 20 attempts of the coincidence timing task and, after five minutes with no contact with the task, they performed five more repetitions for the retention phase (both phases in slower speed - with the turning on and off of the lights in an interval of 400ms), finally they performed five repetitions for two different transfers phases: the first transfer was performed with a faster speed - 300ms of lights interval (transfer with speed increase - TSI). The second transfer was performed with change task (transfer with exchange of en vironment - TEE) between groups by doing 5 attempts transfer phase in another interface. It means, the group that has done the acquisition phase in button-press task performed the transfer on gesture task and vice versa.
primary outcomes:
- Motor Learning test by using a timing coincident task in virtual reality [Time Frame: 1 day]
inclusion criteria:
• medical diagnosis of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy confirmed by molecular method and/or protein expression in skeletal muscle;
• signing of an informed consent form from the individual or person legally responsible.
exclusion criteria:
• presence of associated comorbidities;
• inability in comprehension of the task.
sponsor: University of Sao Paulo
investigators: Carlos BM Monteiro, Ph.D.
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Lower Limb Flexibility in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: Effects on Functional PerformanceThe investigator investigated the effect...
A Study to Assess Safety/Tolerability, pk, Effects on Histology, Clinical Parameters of Givinostat in Children With ...The primary objective of Parts 1 and 2 o...
Pediatric Radio Frequency Coils GenericThe purpose of this study is to evaluate...
Effectiveness of a Multimodal Physiotherapy Program With Virtual Reality Glasses in Duchenne and BeckerDuchenne's Muscular Dystrophy and Becker...
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Stretches for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophyhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6eHLt3KA...


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Thursday, August 30, 2018
Diego Bohórquez, PhD, assistant professor of medicine (Gastroenterology) and pathology, recently talked with Fox8 about his research on the connection between the gut and brain.
"The brain is constantly gathering information to make sense of the world, whether it's sound, sight, taste, smell," said Dr. Bohórquez. "The core of who we are is food, right? We are what we eat."


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China is often neglected of discussions of early civilization which is a mistake because it was one of the first. If you are taking a trip to China, here is a few background info your should know. Copyright 2007, The Prepared Pantry ( ). Published by permission Better London Tip: After taking it from the oven, look ahead to about twenty minutes earlier than serving. It will permit the pasta to take in the sauces and also will be less complicated to cut and also the style will achieve.
Right here is brief description of Larger London: ? Micro organism are an especially quick reproducer and due to this fact a very quick evolver. Ought to a mutation produce a pressure of bacteria that is proof against any of the chemicals used to kill bacteria, its spread could be quick and devastating. In August 2005, Hurricane Katrina smashed right into a closely populated part of the USA, particularly the town of New Orleans in the state of Louisiana.
3. Beat the water, yeast, and flour along with the dough hook attachment for about 30 seconds or until mixed. This hydrates the yeast and gets it growing. Mbatwa trails for mountaineering to Mwanaluvele cave, Ibito valley and Ng?ung?umbi swamp. It's also very important that you cook food properly. Which means that meats, for example, have to be cooked right the way in which by means of.
There's something about the thrill of being outdoor that seems to encourage all of us to have a bit of a go at preparing food. Abandoned autos can cause issues for rescue vehicles and snowploughs. To ensure that the street is cleared as rapidly as attainable, you might be suggested to stay with your car until help arrives. Don't depart your engine operating, as this will lead to a dangerous build-up of fumes.
Pest management within the food service and manufacturing office and private hygiene norms. In the event you're planning on hosting a number of events this summer time, then a barbeque could be an effective way to feed the masses. By avoiding a number of widespread issues, you can have great meals from your barbeque.


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The NZAGE Board and Committee are pleased to announce the NZAGE Summit 2019 – Develop and Retain Your Talent!
The 2019 NZAGE Summit 'Develop and Retain Your Talent' will be a full day programme held at the ASB Cube following our Industry Awards dinner at the Northern Club the night before. At the Awards dinner, the winners of the 2019 Industry Awards will be announced. The Summit conference day will include key-note speakers who will be announced over the coming weeks and the latest updates from practitioners. We will also be hearing from our NZAGE Awards finalists and getting the latest insights from the 2019 Employer and Graduate Surveys.
For further questions, please email Katie at email@example.com.


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Affirmations have value, and incantations (charged with emotional/spiritual energy) are even more powerful. What I've come to find most beneficial, are vivid memories of magic moments throughout my life.
There's a phrase that someone else says (perhaps from a conversation, song, or movie) that we could completely recreate with our imagination. Beyond the audio and visual, there's an energetic sense of recreating that moment in the present. Feelings surge back from the past, and the more we remember, the more intense the feelings become. This can send chills down our spine, teleport our consciousness, and refuel our soul to take on the world once more.
For me, such phrases have usually been spoken by professional speakers (either live or on cassette tape [equivalent to today's mp3-player for you youngsters] ). Here are a few examples.
"And Joseph had a dream."This was from my favorite speech by Minister Mark Gorman. When I get rejected, this phrase plays in my head, reminding me of my vision, purpose, and commitment. It puts my eyes back on the prize.
"It's hard."When I get lost (literally) and can't find my way to a new address, especially in the midst of winter, this phrase plays in my head. It's a popular keynote by motivational speaker, Les Brown, called It's Not Over Until I Win. It has me feel that I'm still on the right path.
"Haven't you made it through the tough times?"Anthony Robbins is genius at asking the right questions. In moments of despair when I want to give up, this memory invokes other memories of life being even tougher. It puts a smile on my face as the follow-up phrase plays, "And you're still standing...I bet still smiling every now and again."
"I'm going to make it!"This is from a musical that I co-produced (adding even more richness to the memory). The words sung by Emilio Zarris have tears rolling down my eyes on occasion, as it triggers a multitude of memories for every single time I've ever heard that song. Singing it (albeit off key), presents me to my destiny.
"People need to hear your story."The toughest times require us to think bigger than ourselves. Amway Diamond, George Halsey's voice and chuckle is so clear in my head that it feels like he's talking specifically to me. Interestingly, George was inspired by knowing that others needed to hear his story. This gets me to appreciate the cycle of life.
"Your energy comes from your dream."I'm not too sure who said this, but it doesn't really matter. As I'm tired or feel defeated, I see world-championship wrestler, Hulk Hogan, getting punched repeatedly and almost being knocked out. Then, of course, he gets right up (to win) and I feel like getting up again, one more time, as I play a bigger dream.
What are the reoccurring phrases in your head? Do they empower you? If you don't have any reoccurring phrases in your head, why not think back throughout your past and select some now?
This is your life, your way.
Let's love the world together...
[)anish /|hmed, blind visionary


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ACR Meeting is going to be organised at Marriott Wardman Park Hotel, Washington DC, USA from 18 May 2020 to 22 May 2020 This expo is going to be a 5 day event. This event forays into categories like Business Services.
During this year meeting, you will learn regarding how groundbreaking science alters our understanding of autoimmunity as well as progressive clinical trends to assist you enhance patient care.
The ARHP / ACR Annual Meeting comprises of hundreds of sessions to select from that will teach professionals in each division of rheumatology.
Researchers, Clinicians, pediatric rheumatologists, academicians, physician assistants, practice managers, advance practice nurses, fellows-in-training, occupational or physical therapists: What so ever your responsibility is, this is a perfect spot to connect with your educational requirements and stimulate your curiosity.


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Michael Jackson is the subject of a new documentary, "Leaving Neverland". The film features two accounts of Michael Jackson's alleged sexual predatory nature. The film was a sensation at the Sundance film festival. The Jackson estate has already fired back at the film after its premiere at the Sundance Film Festival. The family has called the film a "public lynching" and Jackson's accusers "admitted liars." Wade Robson and James "Jimmy" Safechuck are the alleged victims.
Related Story:
Michael Jackson Estate Files Suit Against HBO Over Documentary


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Housemarque's new game Matterfall will be out next week exclusively on PlayStation 4, but the developer has more news for eagerly waiting fans. From Gaming Bolt, Matterfall will run on 1080p and at 60 FPS on the PS4 Pro, offering a smooth experience for the upcoming fast paced platformer. Those with a normal PS4 won't be too disappointed though, as they'll still get 60 FPS, just at 900p.
If you're wondering why 60 FPS would be important for a title like this, you'll want to watch this eight minute gameplay video:
Our very own Paulmichael got to play Matterfall at E3, and has a lot to say about it:
This is an intense game. There are a lot of flashing effects going on, and what feels like dozens of things to watch and react to on-screen. But when you're in the thick of the action, things don't seem so crazy. I felt myself enter that zen-like brain mode that can occur during longer stretches of twitch gaming, where each move was coordinated in response to whatever moved in my view. I didn't play perfectly, but thankfully the game does occasionally drop health to keep the fight going.
While the audio took a backseat to the action, if you know Housemarque, then you know what to expect – lots of thumping, bass-heavy arcade tracks to help you zone out to, mixed with the futuristic sound effects of the environments in which you find yourself. The world of Matterfall is a futuristic, perhaps post-apocalyptic one, with lots of bright, neon colors. I didn't get much in the way of technical information on the game, but the game was likely running at 60 frames per second, easily.
Matterfall feels like one of those games that will take a while to master, but one that will also be rewarding to those who invest the time to grasp the controls.
Matterfall will release exclusively on the PlayStation 4 on August 15.
(Source: Gaming Bolt)


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Colombia Médica
versão On-line ISSN 1657-9534
Colomb. Med. vol.47 no.1 Cali jan./mar. 2016
Original Article
Alcohol use disorders and psychiatric diseases in Colombia
Desórdenes y enfermedad psiquiátrica causada por el uso de alcohol en Colombia
Hernan G Rincon-Hoyos1,2, Alejandro Castillo1,2, Sergio I Prada3
1 Fundacion Hospital Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia.
2 Escuela de Medicina, Universidad ICESI, Cali, Colombia.
3 Facultad Ciencias Administrativas y Económicas, Departamento de Economía, Universidad ICESI, Cali, Colombia.
Rincon-Hoyos HG, Castillo A, Prada SI. Alcohol use disorders and psychiatric diseases in Colombia. Colomb Med (Cali). 2016; 47(1):31-37.
© 2016. Universidad del Valle. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Article history: Received: 22 June 2015 - Revised: 23 December 2015 - Accepted: 25 January 2016
Corresponding author:
Hernan G. Rincon Hoyos. Fundación Valle del Lilí. Cra. 98 # 18-49, Oficina Torre 1 (207). Cali, Colombia. Phone: +57 (2) 3319090, extensión 243.
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com.
Background: An accurate understanding of co-occurrence and comorbidity of alcohol use disorders (AUD) in Colombia is crucial for public health.
Objective: A secondary analysis was conducted, using a 2003/2004 government´s population database to determine the lifetime associations between AUD and other mental and addictive disorders in people of Colombia aged 18-65 years.
Methods: Several statistical analysis were performed: testing prevalence difference in mental disorders by whether the individual had an AUD; a stratified analysis by gender and logistic regression analyses accounting for differences in demographic, socio-economic, behavioral and self-reported health status variables.
Results: People with AUD comprised 9% of the population, of which 88% were males and on average 37 years old. They were more likely to be males, be working, and be current smokers; and less likely to be at home or retired. The population with AUD had greater chance to comply with criteria for all disorders but minor depressive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, nicotine dependence, and oppositional defiant disorder.
Conclusion:This study demonstrates a high prevalence of mental disorders in the adult population with AUD in Colombia. The findings highlight the importance of comorbidity as a sign of disease severity and impact on public health and supports the need for training of more professionals and developing appropriate interventions and services.
Keywords: Public health, alcoholism, alcohol abuse, alcoholrelated disorders, epidemiology, mental disorders, mood disorders, Colombia
Antecedentes: Una comprensión precisa de la co-ocurrencia y la comorbilidad de los trastornos por consumo de alcohol (AUD) en Colombia es crucial para la salud pública.
Objetivo: Se realizó un análisis secundario, utilizando una base de datos gubernamental de población 2003/2004 para determinar las asociaciones de vida entre los trastornos por consumo de alcohol y otros trastornos mentales y adictivos en personas de edades comprendidas entre 18 a 65 años de Colombia.
Métodos: Varios análisis estadísticos se realizaron: pruebas de diferencia en la prevalencia de los trastornos mentales en función de si el individuo tenía un AUD; un análisis estratificado por sexo y análisis de regresión logística teniendo en cuenta las diferencias en las variables del estado de salud, demográficas, socioeconómicas, de comportamiento y de auto-reporte.
Resultados: las personas con AUD fueron el 9% de la población, de los cuales 88% eran varones y en promedio tenían 37 años. Estas personas tenían trabajo y eran fumadores activos; y tenían menos probabilidad de estar en casa o ser jubilados. La población con AUD tenía mayores posibilidades de cumplir con los criterios de todos los trastornos, excepto el trastorno depresivo menor, el trastorno de estrés posttraumático, la dependencia a la nicotina, y el trastorno oposicional desafiante.
Conclusión: Este estudio demuestra una alta prevalencia de trastornos mentales en la población adulta con trastornos por consumo de alcohol en Colombia. Los resultados destacan la importancia de la comorbilidad como un signo de gravedad de la enfermedad e impacto en la salud pública y apoyan la necesidad de formación de más profesionales y el desarrollo de intervenciones y servicios apropiados.
Palabras clave: la salud pública, el alcoholismo, el abuso de alcohol, trastornos relacionados con el alcohol, la epidemiología, trastornos mentales, trastornos del estado de ánimo, Colombia
Mental and Substance Abuse Disorders have been described worldwide as leading causes in years of life lost to premature mortality (YLLs), to the point that perhaps only through making their prevention and treatment a health priority is possible in a country like Colombia to improve the health of the population1.
The World Health Organization (WHO) indicates that approximately 48% of the world population aged 15 years or older consume alcoholic beverages and 16% of drinkers engage in heavy episodic drinking2. The global burden of harm attributable to alcohol use for different developing world regions is highest for Latin America and the Caribbean, where 9.7% of the Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) and 4.5% of all deaths are attributed to alcohol-related problems3; while worldwide in 2012 alcohol consumption were estimated to cause 3.3 million deaths (5.9% of all global deaths) and 139 million DALYs2.
In both developing and developed countries, alcohol use has been shown to cause significant harm to the physical, psychological, and social health of individuals, families, and communities4,5; and it has also been linked to negative effects on the criminal justice system, employment sector, and economic and social development6.
High-income countries have the highest alcohol per capita consumption and the highest prevalence of heavy episodic drinking among drinkers. But, alcohol is used by people of all ages and socioeconomic groups, and drinking starts usually early during adolescence7,8. People with lower socioeconomic status appear to be more vulnerable to tangible problems and consequences of alcohol consumption9.
There is substantial evidence to state that excessive alcohol is causally related to risky behaviors and co-morbidly related to the several mental diseases that may differ by gender10,11, including common violence12; family violence; traffic accidents; intentional and non-intentional trauma; and sexually-HIV risky behavior; all of them are important public health problems related to alcohol heavy use13,14. The use of psychoactive substances can occur frequently in conjunction with alcohol, further increasing high-risk behaviors15. In addition, behavioral disorders, anxiety, depression, mania and other psychiatric disorders are frequently associated to alcohol heavy use10,16.
The National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) has provided detailed data on comorbidity of Alcohol Use disorders (AUD) with drug use disorders, confirming the high levels of association described in previous studies17,18. In these studies drug use disorders and comorbidity were more likely to be observed among youth, men, non-married and those of lower socioeconomic status than the AUD-only group. Clinical complexity, costs and disabilities associated with alcohol use disorders, are enhanced by the comorbidity and co-occurrence of other psychiatric disorders, which have been reported in numerous clinical studies17.
Information about the co-occurrence and comorbidity of alcohol disorders in Colombia is limited to few reports showing high prevalence19,20. The Colombian Government decree 3039 of 2007, adopted the National Public Health Plan, stating mental health as one of the priorities and alcohol and substance use control as one of the goals to achieve8. The Colombian Mental Health Survey (CMHS), conducted in 2003-4, revealed a high lifetime prevalence of anxiety disorders (19.3%), mood disorders (15.0%) and substance disorders (10.6%). Of particular concern, 94.7% of those who had a substance disorder did not use health services21,22. The last substance use survey done in Colombia in 2013 concluded there is an increase of substance use with regard to previous studies23, therefore suggesting the need to understand comorbidity. The Colombian Mental Health Survey of 2015 used different approach than in 2003, excluding the determination of frequency of some disorders like Schizophrenia, PTSD and Alcohol and Substance Disorders24, hence not allowing the possibility to further investigate comorbidity of AUD with all mental disorders. Base on the stated, it could be argue than an accurate understanding of this observable fact is crucial to prevention and development of improved treatment for people who meet criteria for two or more disorders in different clinical settings of developed and developing countries25.
This population based study was conducted to determine the lifetime associations between AUD and other mental and addictive disorders in men and women of Colombia aged 18-65 years, through a secondary analysis of the CMHS of 2003/2004.
Materials and Methods
This secondary analysis used the CMHS database 2003-2004 (Colombian Ministry of Health and Social Protection) to obtain information regarding the co-occurrence of mental disorders and AUD. The data was recently released as public use files26. The survey was conducted in an urban population of 5,526 homes; 4,544 one-on-one interviews with adults were completed with an 87% response rate based on a national level probabilistic, multistage, and stratified sample. Survey participants comprised a noninstitutionalized population between the ages of 18-65 years with established residency in five Colombian regions.
The sample released to the public has 4,426 individuals. A full description of sampling procedures and other methodological details on the survey is described elsewhere21. The survey used internal subsampling to reduce respondent burden by dividing the interview in two parts. Part 1 included core diagnostic assessment (N= 4,426). Part 2 included information about correlates and disorders of secondary interest. All respondents completed part 1. All part-1 respondents who met criteria for any disorder and a subsample of approximately 25% of others were administered part 2 (N= 2,442).
The survey used a computerized version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI; 15th registered version) that provides diagnoses in agreement with the DSM-IV and ICD-10. Disorder indicators were not released with public use files. To identify those with lifetime prevalence, the authors followed definitions and criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV).
To test lifetime prevalence difference in mental disorders by whether the individual was alcohol user o not a Fischer´s exact test was conducted. AUD was defined for those with alcohol abuse or dependence according to the original study following international literature. In addition, a stratified analysis by gender was also performed. Lastly, to test whether differences observed in prevalence estimates held after accounting for differences in demographic, socio-economic, behavioral and selfreported health status variables, logistic regression analyses were performed. All analyses were conducted in Stata® 13 using survey data commands. Survey design variables such as primary sample units (PSU) and survey weights were used in all estimations.
Demographic variables included in logistic regressions were age, sex and marital status. The latter was coded as four independent binary variables: married, separated/divorced, widowed and never married. Never married was the reference category. To account for non-linear effects due to age, age is included in levels and to the square.
Socioeconomic variables included in logistic regressions were education and occupation. Education status was coded as elementary, high school dropout, high school, and undergraduate studies (includes both those that finished and those that did not); elementary dropout (including those that never attended) was the reference category. Occupation status was coded as four independent binary variables: working, studying, housewife or retired, and other. Other was the reference category.
Behavioral variables included in regression analyses were obesity and smoking. Obesity/overweight was coded as a dichotomous variable that took the value of 1 for individuals with a BMI (Body Mass Index) greater than 25. Smoking was coded as a dichotomous variable. Self-reported health status variables were "Excellent/ Very-Good", "Good" and "Fair or Bad". "Excellent/Very-Good" was the reference category.
Table 1 shows socio-demographic and behavioral characteristics on both populations of interest. In particular, people with AUD comprised 9% of the population, of which 88% were males and on the average 37 years old. The predominant marital status was never married (56%) followed by married (31%). Over 30% of these had high levels of education (undergraduate), and 74% reported their occupational status as working. Obesity was a characteristic for almost 8% of this population, and 28% were smokers at the time of interview. Lastly, 41% of people with AUD self-reported their health status as good.
|No AUD‡
|Demographic characteristics
|Age (Years)
|37.0 (1.062)
|36.7 (0.299)
|Male (%)
|88.2 (0.019)
|41.3 (0.012)
|Marital status
|30.7 (0.039)
|33.5 (0.010)
|11.1 (0.023)
|9.3 (0.005)
|1.9 (0.009)
|3.6 (0.004)
|Never married (Reference)
|56.3 (0.040)
|53.6 (0.011)
|Socioeconomic characteristics
|11.6 (0.021)
|13.4 (0.007)
|High School Dropout
|24.2 (0.030)
|24.1 (0.010)
|High School
|16.4 (0.025)
|21.7 (0.010)
|30.6 (0.043)
|24.9 (0.012)
|Elementary Dropout (Reference)
|17.1 (0.027)
|15.8 (0.007)
|Occupation Status
|74.0 (0.038)
|54.9 (0.012)
|4.8 (0.030)
|7.4 (0.010)
|Home or Retired
|9.9 (0.024)
|26.9 (0.009)
|Unemployed (Reference)
|11.3 (0.021)
|10.8 (0.008)
|Behavioral characteristics
|7.7 (0.017)
|6.6 (0.005)
|Current Smoker
|28.4 (0.040)
|13.1 (0.006)
|Self-Reported Health
|Excellent/Very Good (Reference)
|28.0 (0.033)
|34.8 (0.012)
|41.3 (0.039)
|41.1 (0.011)
|30.7 (0.039)
|24.1 (0.010)
|‡Percentage (Standard error)
*Statistically significant (p <0.05)
When compared to the population of alcohol non users, people with AUD were more likely to be males, be working, and be current smokers; and less likely to be at home or retired using a 5% significance level. At a 10% significance level, they also seemed to be less likely to be high school graduates, to be in excellent/good health and more likely to be in fair/bad health.
Table 2 shows prevalence estimates of mental disorders for the total population. Table 3 for males and females, and present statistical tests on differences in prevalence by whether individuals have alcohol abuse/dependency problems. For all individuals and for males, all mental disorders studied were more prevalent for people with AUD with the exception of minor depressive disorders, PTSD, nicotine dependency, and oppositional defiant disorder. For females, five mental disorders were more prevalent among persons with AUD: major depressive disorder, drug abuse, separation anxiety, oppositional defiant disorder, and conduct disorder.
|No AUD‡
|Number of interviewees
|Mood Disorders
|Major Depressive Disorder
|17.0 (0.025)
|10.2 (0.010)
|Minor Depressive Disorder
|1.7 (0.008)
|2.1 (0.003)
|Bipolar I
|7.3 (0.031)
|1.5 (0.003)
|Anxiety Related Disorders
|5.2 (0.017)
|2.2 (0.003)
|Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
|2.0 (0.008)
|1.3 (0.002)
|Substance Use Related Disorders
|Drug Abuse
|7.0 (0.016)
|0.3 (<0.001)
|Drug Dependency
|5.2 (0.013)
|0.2 (<0.001)
|Nicotine Dependency
|3.2 (0.014)
|1.3 (0.002)
|Other Disorders
|Separation Anxiety
|13.6 (0.033)
|5.6 (0.004)
|Oppositional Defiant Disorder
|3.1 (0.014)
|1.6 (0.003)
|Conduct Disorder
|5.4 (0.013)
|1.0 (0.002)
|AUD: alcohol use disorder
‡Percentage (Standard error)
*Statistically significant (
|No AUD‡
|No AUD‡
|Number of interviewees
|Mood Disorders
|Major Depressive Disorder
|14.4 (0.025)
|5.7 (0.008)
|37.10 (0.076)
|13.40 (0.014)
|Minor Depressive Disorder
|1.9 (0.009)
|1.6 (0.003)
|Bipolar I
|7.7 (0.035)
|1.2 (0.003)
|4.12 (0.023)
|1.69 (0.004)
|Anxiety Related Disorders
|5.2 (0.019)
|0.9 (0.002)
|4.73 (0.028)
|3.11 (0.004)
|Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
|1.8 (0.008)
|0.6 (0.002)
|3.52 (0.028)
|1.76 (0.003)
|Substance Use Related Disorders
|Drug Abuse
|7.5 (0.177)
|0.6 (0.002)
|2.82 (0.020)
|0.04 (<0.001)
|Drug Dependency
|5.9 (0.149)
|0.2 (0.001)
|0.27 (0.002)
|0.17 (0.003)
|Nicotine Dependency
|3.4 (0.016)
|1.6 (0.003)
|2.06 (0.150)
|1.13 (0.002)
|Other Disorders
|Separation Anxiety
|13.1 (0.037)
|3.8 (0.006)
|17.53 (0.051)
|6.76 (0.005)
|Oppositional Defiant Disorder
|2.8 (0.014)
|2.2 (0.005)
|5.86 (0.033)
|1.16 (0.002)
|Conduct Disorder
|5.4 (0.013)
|1.3 (0.003)
|5.75 (0.027)
|0.69 (0.001)
|‡Percentage (Standard error)
*Statistically significant (
Minor Depressive disorder not included because there were no observations for females that have alcohol abuse/dependency problems
Regression analyses are reported in Table 4. The table only reports the OR for the AUD population; nonetheless the regression analyses included all variables described in Table 1 as regressors. In that sense the results reported are ORs after accounting for
|Mood Disorders
|Major Depressive Disorder
|Minor Depressive Disorder
|Bipolar I
|Anxiety Related Disorders
|Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
|Substance Use Related Disorders
|Drug Abuse
|Drug Dependence
|Nicotine Dependence
|Other disorders
|Separation Anxiety
|Oppositional Defiant Disorder
|Conduct Disorder
differences in demographic, socio-economic, behavioral and self-reported health status variables. As shown in Table 4 the population with alcohol AUD were more likely to be diagnosed with all disorders but minor depressive disorder, PTSD, nicotine dependence, and ODD.
This study, to our knowledge, represents the first analysis of AUD comorbidity with other mental disorders in Colombia. Our results demonstrate a high prevalence of Major Depression, Bipolar I Disorder, Agoraphobia, Drug Abuse, Drug Dependence, Separation Anxiety and Conduct Disorder in the adult population of Colombia with Alcohol Use Disorders, confirming what has been shown elsewhere27,28. To highlight the importance of these results for Colombia, a recent international report suggested that the "burden of disease attributable to the use of legal substances clearly outweighs the use of illegal drugs and a large part of the substance-attributable burden would be avoidable if known effective interventions were implemented"29. Furthermore, the problematic use of alcohol is frequently underdiagnosed and undertreated; as a matter of fact, in Table 4. Adjusted Lifetime Odd Ratios of Mental Disorders for Alcohol Use Disorder subjects.
Latin America, alcohol consumption is 50% greater than the world's mean and almost three-fourths of people who abuse or depend on alcohol have never received any psychiatric treatment30,31. At this respect, the access to services for mental health disorders in Colombia is low (40%) suggesting a great need of psychiatric care for the severely ill population reported22,24.
The strong relationship found between bipolar 1 disorder and AUD, has been reported elsewhere to be associated with medication non-compliance, more mixed or dysphoric episodes, and more hospital admissions32 with great impact to health care cost17, which further emphasize the necessity for early identification and care in Colombia. As a possible explanation for this relationship, some researchers have hypothesized that alcohol consumption is a form of self-medication33. The comorbidity found was greater in men than women, but when compared with healthy women, the comorbidity in women was greater than in men7.
With further analysis by gender, we were able to find a correlation between AUD and major depression in Colombian men and women; and between anxiety disorders and alcohol abuse in men, particularly in those with agoraphobia and social anxiety perhaps reinforcing each other as have been suggested34,35. At this respect, comorbidity with major mood and anxiety disorders that develop independently of acute intoxication and withdrawal are among the most prevalent psychiatric disorders around the world and have been reported consistently associations between alcohol use disorders and mood and anxiety disorders3,7,36.
In the Colombian population, heterotypic comorbidity was found, as well as homotypic comorbidity with other substance dependence disorders, including nicotine dependence37. Current analyses revealed that homotypic and heterotypic comorbidity were different in men than women, similar to previous reports showing that women drink less alcohol and have fewer problems related to alcohol consumption and AUD20.
In a cluster analysis of the US National ComorbiditySurvey it was described that three highly co-morbid classes represented 7% of the population and 43.6% of the serious cases were represented by alcohol use disorder co-morbidities27. Other studies have indicated that alcohol disorder comorbidity with substance disorders with externalizing disorders, could have an underlying etiology contrasting with comorbidity with internalizing disorders like depressive or anxiety disorders that seem to be related to shared etiology factors between the comorbid disorders38. Disruptive behavior disorders, like conduct disorder or oppositional defiant disorder, have been reported to be the most common co-morbid condition in adolescents with alcohol disorders. Moreover, prospective studies indicate that conduct disorders are the most predictive of subsequent substance use disorder39.
As an important contribution to understanding and validating the impact of mental disorders comorbidity on physical health in Colombia, in our study the perception of health in the AUD population was found to be lower suggesting greater risk for adverse general health outcomes40. Comorbidity and cooccurrence of mental disorders and AUD have been associated with greater symptom severity, disability, unrelenting disease course and lower treatment outcome17,38,41. It should also be noted that this population has been reported to use health services more frequently than the general population17,38. In addition, comorbidity is frequently found a risk factor for health & HIV risk behaviors42,43.
The positive health consequences of delaying or moderating the consumption of alcohol use cannot be overstated. It would decrease the incidence of developmental and neurological deficits, traffic accidents, delinquency, psychiatric disorders, high blood pressure, HIV and HIV sex-risk behaviors44-46.
Furthermore, lessening alcohol consumption could also improve the likelihood of better physical, emotional development through less interference with how people approach and experience interactions; and also perhaps decrease the incidence of psychiatric and substance abuse disorders, helping to close the reinforcing cycle47. Appropriately handling of the problem of early drinking should improve the normal delay expected in cognitive and social-emotional development associated with substance use during adolescence resulting in better academic performance, self-esteem, and family and social interactions48,49.
Consistent with other studies of AUD and other mental disorders22,34, the findings suggest that substance disorders are correlated with AUD in Colombians and more prevalent than in the general population. To further investigate is why there were not found associations with posttraumatic stress disorder as previously reported in the literature48. The findings strongly highlight the importance of comorbidity as a sign of disease severity and supports the need for training of more professionals and developing appropriate interventions and services50,51.
The National Survey method used in this study provided quality data in order to run this secondary analysis with the advantage of enabling co-morbidities to be evaluated in a time-efficient manner and without duplication of efforts and at a lower research cost. Nonetheless, it is necessary to mention that this secondary analysis was not an objective of the original survey; therefore, some type of bias can be expected4. Additionally, the present cross-sectional study design does not allow inferring causality relationships between AUD and other mental disorders. Although the original data is from 2003, the authors do not have a reason to believe that the prevalence of disorders studied could have decreased during these years, since no interventions have been reported, on the contrary according to the substance abuse survey the prevalence of AUD seems to be increasing23.
The findings of this study clearly suggest that the co-occurrence of AUD and other mental disorders is prevalent among Colombian men and women, raising concern, and underscoring the importance of providing health services and developing community interventions to confront this public health issue.
Johnny Campiño provided excellent research assistance. Preliminary analyses done before 2010, which did not conduct to a publication, were presented at two academic meetings and were partially supported by the Corporación de Lucha Contra el Sida de Cali, Colombia; and the Fogarty International Research Training Center at University of Miami under the mentorship of Gail Shor-Posner and John Lewis (NIH/Fogarty 043 TW00017).
Conflict of Interest:
All authors do not have any possible conflicts of interest
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36. Schneier FR, Foose TE, Hasin DS, Heimberg RG, Liu SM, Grant BF, et al. Social anxiety disorder and alcohol use disorder comorbidityin the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Psychol Med. 2010; 40(6): 977-88. [ Links ]
37. Falk DE, Yi HY, Hiller-Sturmhöfel S. An epidemiologic analysis of co-occurring alcohol and tobacco use and disorders: findings from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Alcohol Res Health. 2006; 29(3): 162-71. [ Links ]
38. Hasin DS, Stinson FS, Ogburn E, Grant BF. Prevalence, correlates, disability, and comorbidity of DSM-IV alcohol abuse and dependence in the United States: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2007; 64(7): 830-42. [ Links ]
39. Moss HB, Lynch KG. Comorbid disruptive behavior disorder symptoms and their relationship to adolescent alcohol use disorders. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2001; 64(1): 75-83. [ Links ]
40. Ul-Haq Z, Mackay DF, Pell JP. Association between Self-Reported General and Mental Health and Adverse Outcomes: A Retrospective Cohort Study of 19 625 Scottish Adults. PloS One. 2014; 9(4): e93857. [ Links ]
41. Compton III WM, Cottler LB, Jacobs JL, Ben-Abdallah A, Spitznagel EL. The Role of Psychiatric Disorders in Predicting Drug Dependence Treatment Outcomes. Am J Psychiatry. 2003; 160(5): 890-5. [ Links ]
42. Knox T, Jerger L, Tang A. Alcohol, HIV/AIDS, and Liver Disease. In: Watson RR, Preedy VR, Zibadi S, editors. Alcohol, Nutrition, and Health Consequences. New York: Humana Press; 2013. [ Links ]
43. Hensing G. The health consequences of alcohol and drug abuse Health in Sweden: The National Public Health Report 2012. Chapter 11. Scandinavian J Public Health. 2012; 40(9) Suppl: 211-28. [ Links ]
44. Room R, Babor T, Rehm J. Alcohol and public health. Lancet. 2005; 365(9458): 519-30. [ Links ]
45. Lucas GM, Gebo KA, Chaisson RE, Moore RD. Longitudinal assessment of the effects of drug and alcohol abuse on HIV-1 treatment outcomes in an urban clinic. Aids. 2002; 16(5): 767-74. [ Links ]
46. Stein DJ, Aguilar-Gaxiola S, Alonso J, Bruffaerts R, de Jonge P, Liu Z, et al. Associations between mental disorders and subsequent onset of hypertension. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2014; 36(2): 142-9. [ Links ]
47. Carr CP, Martins CM, Stingel AM, Lemgruber VB, Juruena MF. The role of early life stress in adult psychiatric disorders: a systematic review according to childhood trauma subtypes. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2013; 201(12): 1007-20. [ Links ]
48. Najt P, Fusar-Poli P, Brambilla P. Co-occurring mental and substance abuse disorders: a review on the potential predictors and clinical outcomes. Psychiatry Res. 2011; 186(2): 159-64. [ Links ]
49. Zimmermann US, Blomeyer D, Laucht M, Mann KF. How gene-stress-behavior interactions can promote adolescent alcohol use: the roles of predrinking allostatic load and childhood behavior disorders. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2007; 86(2): 246-62. [ Links ]
50. Pettinati HM, O'Brien CP, Dundon WD. Current status of cooccurring mood and substance use disorders: a new therapeutic target. Am J Psychiatry. 2013; 170(1): 23-30. [ Links ]
51. Díaz Heredia LP, Marziale MHP. El papel de los profesionales en centros de atención en drogas en ambulatorios de la ciudad de Bogotá, Colombia. Rev Latino-Amer Enfermagem. 2010; 18: 573-81. [ Links ]


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In collaboration with Pologelati, a leading Italian ice cream manufacturer, we developed a unique combination of the Marlenka® honey cake and the famous Italian ice cream. Refresh yourself with this excellent creamy hazelnut and honey ice cream on top of the original Marlenka® honey cake sponge. The ice cream is produced by Pologelati upon licence agreement.
Nowadays, you can buy ice cream MARLENKA in shops Makro, Globus, Coop, Milkagro, Libex and also on websites kosik.cz and rohlik.cz
PACKAGE 600 ml
Weight: 300g
Size: 74 x 97 x 137 mm
Bulk packaging:
Weight: 2 812g
Size: 205 x 287 x 150 mm
Pieces in the bulk packaging: 8
Pieces on the palette: 1 144 pcs
Multipacks on the palette: 143
Height of the palette: 180 cm
Package 1200 ml
Weight: 600g
Size: 74 x 189 x 126 mm
Bulk packaging:
Weight: 4 120 g
Size: 195 x 165 x 400 mm
Pieces in the bulk packaging: 6
Pieces on the palette: 660 ks
Multipacks on the palette: 110
Height of the palette: 180 cm


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If you've never watched Trailer Park Boys, you're missing out. It's pretty much The Office only it's about deviants in a Canadian trailer park instead of 9-5ers at a paper company. One of the main characters, Ricky, is well known for getting popular sayings or colloquialisms wrong. Some of my most used phrases come from Ricky.
"Getting two birds stoned at once"
"Worst case Ontario"
Maybe someday if you're nice, I'll post a picture of my Ricky costume from Halloween a few years ago. But until then, you can "make like a tree and fuck off."Follow @BennyMacBlog


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When comparing Homebrew vs Visual Studio Code, the Slant community recommends Homebrew for most people. In the question"What are the best developer tools for Mac OSX?" Homebrew is ranked 1st while Visual Studio Code is ranked 4th. The most important reason people chose Homebrew is:
Once installed, you control Homebrew using the *brew* command. You can find packages using *brew search*, install them using *brew install* and remove them using *brew uninstall*.
Ranked in these QuestionsQuestion Ranking
Pro Easy to setup and use
Once installed, you control Homebrew using the brew command. You can find packages using brew search, install them using brew install and remove them using brew uninstall.
Pro Quick access to a large repository of open source software
Homebrew makes it easy for people to quickly install any open source software (that is contained within the apps repositories) for Mac.
Pro Does not require using sudo
One of the things to like about Homebrew is that it refuses to run things under
sudo most of the time. This is a great policy, but it causes issues when you want to create symlinks or install in places that SIP has changed permissions on.
Pro Homebrew tries very hard to use existing tools and libraries
Homebrew's recipes try very hard to use the existing tools and libraries in OS/X, so they tend to build much faster and require fewer dependent libraries.
Pro Open Source
Pro Less maintenance than Macports
Macports seems to be able to get into a bad state where new packages are unable to be installed, or installed software was unable to be updated. This simply hasn't happened with Homebrew. In addition to not having to deal with corruption problems, Homebrew installs packages in userland. Not requiring root to install software is a big win.
Pro Unintrusive
Homebrew installs packages to their own directory and then symlinks their files into
/usr/local. Homebrew won't install files outside its prefix, and you can place a Homebrew installation wherever you like.
Pro Builds quickly and requires few dependencies
Homebrew as much as possible uses already existing libraries and tools to install software thus making builds quick and requiring few dependencies.
Pro Extendable through plug-ins
Visual Studio Code comes fairly complete out of the box, but there are many plug-ins available to extend its functionality.
Pro Embedded Git control
Visual Studio Code has integrated Git control, guaranteeing speed, data integrity, and support for distributed, non-linear workflows.
Pro TypeScript integration
There is very solid TypeScript integration in Visual Studio Code. Both are developed by Microsoft and VSC itself is written in TypeScript.
Pro JavaScript IntelliSense support
JavaScript IntelliSense allows Visual Studio Code to provide you with useful hints and auto-completion features while you code.
Pro Integrated debugging
VSC includes debugging tools for Node.js, TypeScript, and JavaScript.
Pro Integrated terminal
There's no need to press alt+tab to go to a terminal: it is directly integrated into the editor.
Shift+~ is a handy hotkey to toggle the integrated terminal.
Pro Ready to use out of the box
You don't need to configure and add plugins before being productive. However, you can add plugins if needed but for the basics you're well covered.
Pro Great performance
For a 'wrapped' web-based application, Visual Studio Code performs very well.
Pro Updated frequently
There's a new release of Visual Studio Code every month. If you are one of the insiders then releases are daily.
Pro Extensions (aka plugins) are written in JavaScript
Extensions are written in either Typescript or JavaScript.
Pro Integrated task runners
Task runners display lists of available tasks and performing these tasks is as simple as a click of the mouse.
Pro Libre/open source
Released under the MIT License.
Pro ESLint integration
ESLint integrates great. You can define your rules trough .eslintrc.* as usual and vs code will autofix your code on save. So your code is always in style.
Pro Active development
It's really nice to see how the code editor evolves. Every month there is a new version with great communication of new features and changes.
Pro Custom snippets support
Snippets are templates that will insert text for you and adapt it to their context, and in VSC they are highly customizable.
Pro Fast and powerful
VS-Code has the speed of Sublime and the power of WebStorm. Perhaps this is the best software that Microsoft has ever created.
Pro Huge community behind it
The ease of getting assistance and finding tutorials is increasing as the community grows.
Pro It has gotten really good
All it takes is one stop for all the features many people need.
Pro JS typechecking
It leverages TypeScript compiler functionality to statically type check JS (type inference, JSDoc types) with
"javascript.implicitProjectConfig.checkJs": true option.
Pro Python support
Excellent Python plugin, originally created by Don Jayamanne, now hired by Microsoft to extend and maintain the extension.
Pro Good support for new Emmet syntax
Pro High fidelity C# plugin
The Omnisharp plugin is very powerful providing full sln, csproj, and project.json support.
Pro Support RTL languages
It supports pretty web rtl languages like arabic languages when most of other editors don't support it.
Pro Inline definition picking and usages finding
These features allow you to have a glance at code without opening it as a whole in a separate tab. Moreover, editing is allowed.
Con May cause issues when trying to create symlinks or installing in places where SIP has changed permissions
One of the things to like about Homebrew is that it refuses to run things under
sudo most of the time. This is a great policy, but it causes issues when you want to create symlinks or install in places that SIP has changed permissions on. (Alternatively, you could install Homebrew somewhere other than
/usr/local, but that might break various packages that depend on having stuff in and relative to
Con Command line tools for XCode required
Once xcode is installed you can install Homebrew, including new(er)/different versions of most of the build stuff that xcode-select installed, like a newer gcc, newer git, etc.
Con Relies on outdated system libs
Con The autocomplete and code check is not as powerful as the one on WebStorm
Sometimes it doesn't tell you if you made a typo in a method name or if a method is not used and several other important features.
Con Embedded Git isn't powerful enough
You can do nothing but to track changes, stage them and commit. No history, visualization, rebasing or cherry-picking – these things are left to git console or external git client.
Con Slow launch time
Than it's competitors, e.g. Sublime Text.
Con Very bad auto import
Con A "me too" offering from MS, far behind other well established editors that it attempts to clone
Other IDEs specific to a language often offer better tools for deep programming.
Con Project search limits results
Because file search is so slow your results are limited in order to simulate a faster search.
Con File search is extremely slow
It's absolutely not possible to use this tool with big projects given how long it takes to search for files.
Con Generalized
VS Code is a general code/scripting IDE built to be lightweight and for people familiar with their language of choice, not directly comparable to Visual Studio in power or scope.
Con Memory hog
Allegedly, VS Code is "lightweight". Yet, running multiple instances of it at once, you may get many "out of memory" messages from Windows despite 16 GB RAM. (While of course also running other things. The point is the comparison with some other IDEs/editors where running them alongside the same number of other applications doesn't cause Windows to run out of memory)
In WebStorm there is analyzer that checks for warnings and highlight this in yellow, here you cannot find or add it even with plugins. It is possible to have it as errors with linter but while you are actively changing file that's not very nice.


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Wednesday, September 17, 2014
South actor Suriya goes green with My Tree Challenge
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South actor Suriya goes green with My Tree Challenge. Mammootty, in turn, nominated Shah Rukh Khan and popular Tamil actors Vijay and Suriya. Suriya immediately took up the challenge, and posted pictures.
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117A Station St
Fairfield, Melbourne, VIC
Ph. (03) 9017 4748
Email: email@example.com
We are happy to take stock inquiries and special orders via email. We can inform you a book has arrived this way too, or send you a text message. We can also call you on your landline.
Weekdays: 9.30 am to 5.00 pm
Saturday 9.00 am to 5.00 pm; Sunday CLOSED
CLOSED on Public Holidays
Our shop is a general bookshop but with particular strength in children's books. We also sell cards and a range of toys and puzzles for children. In this busy family-orientated strip we value our regular customers and aim to please and help customers in any way we can. We have regular email newsletters which you can sign up to receive which contain reviews, news, interesting information and the occasional special offer. Currently there is a general newsletter, a kids newsletter and a Crime Quarterly(ish). We've recently changed the platform we use to distribute these and are doing a lot better with getting them out regularly. Back on the home page you'll see a 'click here to subscribe' button in the right hand column. Click it!
All our staff contribute to this blog reviews and posts about new and exciting stock. We'll review everything from fiction to cookbooks, along with a lot of stuff for kids.
We hope you find the blog interesting and helpful and come back soon!


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"Graduation Memory of Us"
Saturday, 19 September 2015
At Pleasant Hill Resort
•Live accoustic
•Documentary film
•Awards Night
•Farewell Ceremony
And many more !!!!
For reservation:
Started from sunday, 6 september 2015
Line Id : Risaapr
?: 085793104114
Don't miss it!
Feel the glamourous!
Come and join with us !!!


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class Insecta
Adosomus granulosus (Mannerheim, 1825).
Initial species uploading to the site: Vasiliy Feoktistov.
Note: you should have a Insecta.pro account to upload new topics and comments. Please, create an account or log in to add comments
* Our website is multilingual. Some comments have been translated from other languages.
All the photos of the species in large size
Please, create an account or log in to upload your photo
Adosomus parallelocollis Heller , 1923
Adosomus roridus (Pallas, 1781)
Anaspis flava (Linnaeus, 1758)
Thaumastopeus nigritus Frölich, 1792
Galerucida bifasciata Motschulsky, 1860


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- Akik Tiles Pvt Ltd.
- Marbolite Granito India Ltd.
- Gladder Ceramics Ltd.
- Ashok Chemical Industries
In year 2003, Vimal Group entered into ceramic tiles business called Akik Tiles Pvt. Ltd. to manufacture Swastik Brand quality ceramic tiles. It offers beautifully designed range of wall and floor tiles. It is also launching vitrified Tiles for wall. The estimated total capacity of tile plants is 30000 sq m. per day.
The Group later started ceramic Floor, Vitrified & porcelain tiles under the Brand - Swastik Tiles


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MEWShop's Six Week Intensive Workshop Delivers Another Top Editor to Its Signature Workshop
NEW YORK, NY, UNITED STATES, October 8, 2018 /EINPresswire.com/ — Manhattan Edit Workshop (MEWShop), the cutting-edge, digital-training destination for post-production and content creators is proud to announce our upcoming Artist in Residence for our class starting November 5th will be acclaimed editor Tim Streeto, ACE.** Tim will be visiting with our Six Week Students to discuss his long and distinguished career, give students insight into his process, and to screen and give feedback on their editing projects. "Our Six Week workshop gives students the perfect balance of application and aesthetics training in editing to jump start a career in post production," says Director of Education, Janet Dalton. "Having top editors, such as Tim Streeto, visit our classroom though the Artist in Residence Program makes this workshop one of the most unique workshops out there. There is no class like it."
Tim Streeto, ACE is a film and television editor whose recent credits include Netflix's "Maniac," Amazon's "The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel," Director Marc Webb's "The Only Living Boy in New York," HBO's series "Vinyl," WeTV's "South of Hell," the Emmy-winning "Boardwalk Empire," NBC's "Crossbones," and Noah Baumbach's acclaimed feature films "Frances Ha," "Greenberg," and the Oscar-nominated "The Squid and the Whale." His past film credits include Terry Kinney's "Diminished Capacity," Steve Conrad's "The Promotion," Craig Zobel's "Great World of Sound" and Robert Pulcini and Shari Springer Berman's "American Splendor." He also worked as an assistant editor on Ang Lee's Oscar-winning "Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon," Todd Solondz's "Storytelling," and Steven Soderbergh's "Solaris," among others, and has edited numerous shorts and shows for Comedy Central, A&E, Starz, Nickolodeon, and the History Channel.
About MEWShop's Six Week Intensive Course
The post-production industry is highly competitive, and knowing the industry standards – Premiere Pro, After Effects and Avid Media Composer – is critical for success. MEWShop offers in one comprehensive, six-week course all of these editing applications, taught by certified instructors. No other program guarantees more time in the classroom or more working on one's own computer. The Six Week Intensive Course will take students through each program as they work on various real-world projects to illustrate the distinct strengths and nuances of each NLE. MEWShop's Six Week Intensive is also the only course of its kind that allows students to choose the footage they want to edit on the platform they prefer.
Beyond the creative and technical aspects of editing, a portion of the Six Week Intensive Course also is focused on the best strategies to secure a job once the class ends. Students will draft cover letters and resumes, which will be refined over the span of the class, and also discuss with instructors interview strategies and job applications, as well as how to appropriately set rates and find the right work for each graduate's unique interests.
MEWShop is also proud to continue its successful intern referral program created in conjunction with iTV America, the production powerhouse known for producing Pawn Stars and other hit television series. Upon completion of Manhattan Edit Workshop's "Six Week Intensive Course," students will be given the opportunity to apply for the paid editorial internship – via resumes and work samples – through which they will continue their editing training, working on iTV America shows.*
The next installment of MEWShop's Six Week Intensive Workshop begins on November 5th, 2018 and held Monday through Friday from 10AM – 5PM. Students can get $350 off this class if they sign up before October 10th. For more information on MEWShop's Six Week Intensive Workshop or to register, please visit: https://www.mewshop.com/six_week_workshop/overview/.
*Manhattan Edit Workshop cannot guarantee students will be hired or granted an interview as a result of the Six Week Intensive Workshop. **Artists in Residence are schedule permitting.
Jason Banke
Manhattan Edit Workshop
email us here
Visit us on social media:
Six Week Alumni Student Profile
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I'm a wife and mom that loves my life! I'm a busy woman and I'm balancing healthy living with real life!
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Tag Archives: fall
Few and Far Between
The weather today was very mild so after I picked the girls up from school we enjoyed the last hour of daylight outside in our front yard. I know that the nice, mild days will be few and far between … Continue reading
Posted in Girls Tagged fall, girls, outside Leave a comment
Fall Festivities
Today we made our annual trip to Paulus Orchards to pick apples and pumpkins. This was our third year going to Paulus Orchards, it is so convenient and close to our house (only 10 minutes away). First up, apple picking. … Continue reading
Posted in Family Fun Tagged apples, fall, kids, pumpkins 4 Comments


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Can the Beatitudes inspire great cinema? These filmmakers think so.
Dallas, Texas, Oct 22, 2017 / 04:12 pm (CNA).- Cinematic reflections on the Eight Beatitudes of the Sermon on the Mount will be the focus of a movie project that hopes to tap the power of beauty. "God works through beauty, and beauty is the most direct way to impact … Continue reading


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Nigeria Football Federation General-Secretary,
, believes that beating Iran in the opening game of the 2014 World Cup will set the tone for their pro gression at the world showpiece.
In a chat with Brilafm, Amadu reiterated the importance of getting a win against Iran saying the result will put the Eagles in a better position to progress.
"It is critically important that we win our first game against Iran that will indicate to us whether we will move forward or not.†Amadu stated.
Nigeria are in Group F at the World Cup with Iran, Bosnia-Herzegovina and Argentina.
The Eagles face Iran in their opening match on June 16, then Bosnia-Herzegovina on June 21 and Argentina in the final group match on June 25.


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1. Prophecy
2. Just For Tonight
3. Fine Again
From Bad Lausick via Leipzig to the world and finally stopping by in Switzerland for a new single on Hive Audio - this basically sums up the story of the young German producer Lexer who's been making big waves over the course of the past years and is now back on the circuit with his brand new "Prophecy EP".
The title track "Prophecy" starts out on a pretty uplifting tip, introducing a sweet, lively synth motif and uplifting strings glued to a solid TechHouse groove, presenting a playful and friendly attitude to the dancefloor crowd in motion which defo will be up for some big time breakdowns and a catchy main motif that's never about to leave your subconscious memory again.
The next tune is "Just For Tonight" which sees Lexer deal with an ethereal, floating, slightly (Neo)Trance-infused vibe for late night TechHouse lovers longing for crystalline synth segments and powerful single note stabs in combination with siren'esque background swirls and carefully crafted melodies. A tune like a portal to another dimension.
Finally things are "Fine Again" when Lexer provides more of his trademark melodic mastercraft, this time on a slightly darker - or rather melancholia-infused - edge and built upon a more muscular foundation. Stripping down things to the essentials whilst still maintaining panoramic production values and a playful attitude alongside a simple, yet catchy melody is the key to success for this one which surely is a powerful tool of choice for all bigroom and peaktime players out there.


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UglyDollsMay. 01, 2019
Being Frank: The Chris Sievey StoryMar. 29, 2019
Being Frank: The Chris Sievey Story
The hilarious and bizarre story of Frank Sidebottom, the cult British comedian in a papier mâché head, and the secretive life of Chris Sievey, ...
Fisherman's FriendsMar. 15, 2019
RentJan. 27, 2019
American Dream/American KnightmareDec. 21, 2018
American Dream/American Knightmare
Documentary that delves deep into the life and storied exploits of the iconic Death Row Records co-founder Suge Knight, as well as the volatile ...


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Ref: ECO900BLK-
Cold Water Tank - 900 Litre cold water storage tank - made on site here to ensure complete customer satisfaction.
£219.60£183.00 ex VAT
Delivery: £52.00 (£62.40 inc VAT)
This cold water tank 900 Litres a large round water storage tank that is ideal for domestic households, commercial, industrial, agricultural or farming purposes. The large water tank is made to be robust, strong and durable and is designed to last. Made here on site in the UK with wras approved polymers which meet the standards for storing drinking water. So get your rainwater tank today and save yourself money on your water bills. It really does make a huge difference especially if you are on a water metre!Potable drinking water tank - made from wras approved polymers suitable for drinking water storage
Water Tank DimensionsHeight 1000mm Diameter 1250mm Capacity 900 Litres Weight 35 Kg Lid 14" or 16"


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"Pastor's plot is well crafted, her prose sharp. . . . A disturbing mix of detection and reflection."—Publishers Weekly
"A mystery, it rivets the reader until the end and beyond, with its twist of historical realities. A historical piece, it faithfully reproduces the grim canvas of war. A character study, it captures the thoughts and actions of real people, not stereotypes."—TheFree Lance-Star
Part wartime political intrigue, detective story, psychological thriller, and religious mystery, Ben Pastor's debut follows a German army captain and a Chicago priest as they investigate the death of a nun in Nazi-occupied Poland.
In October 1939 Captain Martin Bora discovers the abbess, Mother Kazimierza, shot dead in her convent garden. Her alleged power to see the future has brought her a devoted following; her work and motto, "Lumen Christi Adiuva Nos" ("Light of Christ, help us"), appear also to have brought some enemies.
Father Malecki has come to Cracow, at the pope's bidding, to investigate Mother Kazimierza's powers. The Vatican orders him to stay and assist Bora in the inquiry into her killing. Stunned by the violence of the occupation and the ideology of his colleagues, Bora's sense of Prussian duty is tested to the breaking point. The interference of seductive actress Ewa Kowalska does not help matters.
Ben Pastor, born in Italy, has lived for thirty years in the United States, working as a university professor in Vermont. She is the author of other novels, including The Water Thief and The Fire Walker (St. Martin's Press).
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4 Exclusive Skills you need to Hone to Master Indian Rummy.
By Diksha Gupta
In the recent years, rummy's popularity seems perched on a solid growth trajectory. It is sweeping the online gaming space with its growing number of rummy players. The game in itself, the favourable gaming options and the ease of playing at one's convenience are the major contributors to the growth of the game.
Rummy is undoubtedly a game of skill. And with theonline rummy format, the skill factor has been reinforced further taking the game to a whole new level of entertainment and challenge. Inarguably, Indian rummy requires certain skills to gain expertise over the game. However, regular practice tohelp the player to gain these skills and eventually mastery over the game.
Apart from exceptional mental and analytical skills, there are certain exclusive skills to be honed to reach the success pinnacle of the game. Here, we bring you 4such skills to help you gain mastery over rummy.
Skill #1: Being flexible
Rummy is a game that throws surprises at you. It is best advised to expect the unexpected while playing rummy. Nevertheless, instead of being baffled by those surprises try to adopt flexibility in your game with skills such as alertness, quick but well-planned moves and composure. While you play classic Indian rummy online, the cards at hand may appear unfavorable for themelding of your choice. But a calm and flexible approach to the situation would help you explore many unnoticed options making it easier for you to melds cards.
Skill #2: Sense of time
When you play Indian rummy online it is time-based. You are expected to make your moves within the stipulated time. The limited time creates a sense of urgency – an urgency to pick or discard card within the given time. This calls for skills like quick analysis and quick decision-making abilities. In fact, it is the ticking time which gives you an adrenaline rush to be swift with your moves and decisions in the game.
Skill #3: Change playing style
Each player has his/ her unique style of playing. But in Indian rummy, it has to be a continuous process of changing and reinventing your style of playing. Always keep changing your style of playing in order to bring in freshness and a new perceptive to the game. Also, by changing your style you keep your opponents wondering about your next move.
Skill #4: Get the edge playing with different players
Perhaps one of the best features of online rummy is you can play with any player from any corner of the world. In classic Indian Rummy that you play off theline, you are very well aware of your opponent, his/ her psyche and perhaps how you could surpass him/ her to register your win. But in online rummy, the challenge becomes even more intricate as you do not know your opponent. The more you play with different players your skills on how to play rummy will get better.
Make the transition from skills to success
Indian rummy is a fabulous game that truly benefits you when you practice and play regularly. So hone your skillsand play with the right attitude. Success is sure to come by to compensate for your improved skills.


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we own 11.6 acres of this vineyard
grape variety: 100% Riesling
Site and soil: The name is derived from the German word for "steep path" or "step". Here, on this heavy loam- and clay-based soil interspersed with large amounts of sand, grow grapes that produce sustainable and robust wines which, in their own unique way, still manage to be elegantly delicate. Stielweg is the only vineyard where old vines combine an enormous wealth of fruitiness with the delicate ways of a Riesling. Hence, the wine made from these over fifty-year-old vines exudes aristocratic vigor and noblesse.
Character: vigor and elegance. The roots of the over 50-year-old vines of the Stielweg reach deep into the soil extracting an abundance of minerals. This results in a vigorous Riesling wine that, despite its abundant fruitiness and its aroma of ripe peaches and apricots, still manages to hold on to its tender Riesling character. The low calcium content of the soil combined with high levels of sand lends the wine a lively elegance coupled with a pleasantly crisp acidity.


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South Korea's Genome & Co. late Monday announced that it has entered into a clinical trial collaboration and supply agreement with Germany's Merck KGaA and US drug major Pfizer Inc.
The trial will evaluate the safety, tolerability, biological and clinical activities of GEN-001, Genome's microbiome-based immuno-oncology therapy, in combination with Merck KgaA and Pfizer's avelumab (BAVENCIO), a human anti-PD-L1 therapy, in multiple cancer indications.
Under the terms of the agreement, Genome & Co. will be the sponsor of the study. Merck KGaA and Pfizer will supply avelumab for the phase 1/1b clinical trial that is expected to be commenced in 2020 in the U.S. Both parties will have access to the clinical data.
The company expects to initiate the clinical trial in the coming months.
The combination trial is designed to be a first-in-human or FIH study including dose escalation and expansion cohorts to evaluate the safety and preliminary efficacy.
Avelumab in combination with axitinib is indicated in the US for the first-line treatment of patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma or RCC.
Avelumab is currently approved for patients within 50 countries globally. Majority of these approvals are in a broad indication that is not limited to a specific line of treatment.
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