text:
I have this feeling that in 2017 you're going for it! You got the great idea, you have the passion, the sound business plan, creative branding and the perfect market to sell your product/service. Now all you need is some start up capital!
There was a time when getting a small business loan was not that difficult of a task, unfortunately that's no longer the case. I vacillated with how much I wanted to involve lenders when I started my business because I knew how they were tightening their belts and making loans very challenging to acquire.
Okay, I realize that most entrepreneurs starting a business don't even need to consider a bank loan at this point in the process so know that the following information may not be a path you need to take. But there are those who will need to leverage their business concept to raise funding.
So what's a small business owner to do? Well thankfully there are still a few options to consider so your odds of success will go up dramatically.
LEVERAGE YOUR DAY JOB. If you haven't walked away from your full time gig yet then use it to your advantage. Lenders today want to see a secondary source of income, ideally one that is capable of repaying the loan. So any consistent income to show the banks is a huge plus in your favor.
But if your only source of income is generated from the business for which you are seeking the loan then it's going to be tough (but not impossible) to qualify. Just be prepared to pay higher rates.
GO MICRO. In addition to leveraging your job you should also leverage the right type of lender. As a small business you have a great chance of qualifying for a Microloan from the Small Business Administration (SBA).
Over the years these programs have been known to issue thousands of loans to start ups. Loans can range up to $50,000 with the average loan around $13,000. There are about 200 of these institutions across the United States. Check out a list of Micro Loan companies here.
MAINTAIN EXCELLENT RECORDS. Here's a surprise statement – before anyone will give you a penny you will need to show the necessary qualifying information! I know, that's a no-brainer but I've helped those who thought just because they had a great business plan that the money would get thrown at them.
Unfortunately that rarely happens so to put the odds in your favor you will need to include hard copy information like income tax information, pay stubs, credit history, a sound business plan, documented business expenses and revenue as well as other indicative data.
USE COLLATERAL. This is the old adage of using what you have to work in your favor. This means you must be prepared to put up something of value to get a portion or the entire desired loan. What if you don't have a lot of assets you may ask?
Well, that may make it a little tougher but not impossible, you may have to lean more heavily on other parts of the process and be willing to pay a little higher for borrowed money. Just remember, if you have a sound business system or a good idea the money will find its way to you.
GET CREATIVE. Today they are more avenues to fund your business ideas than ever before. So the big banks and microloan companies don't work for you, no problem, just get a little creative. You may need to seriously consider going in a different direction with funding your business.
You could consider getting in front of local investors and pitch your company like you're on Shark Tank. Also there are companies out here like KIVA who helps entrepreneurs fund their dreams through community loans. Let's not forget about GoFundMe, KickStarter and other venues to help raise money.
Becoming a small business owner is not easy but it's worth it. Unfortunately, securing funding stops a lot of entrepreneurs before they get started. The good news is you don't need a lot of seed money to jump-start that business but you do need a solid plan, the right financial/legal structure and a lot of hard work.
Shawn Dorrough
Your Money Mentor


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October 02, 2013
Students, kids can enjoy 'Friday Fun at the Rec'
CARBONDALE, Ill. -- "Friday Fun at the Rec" is a Southern Illinois University Carbondale event that gives students with children the opportunity to enjoy a little respite while the kids have a great time.
Non-Traditional Student Services is teaming with Recreational Sports and Services and Student Support Services to sponsor the monthly event that kicks off Friday, Oct. 4. Each themed event is from 5 to 7 p.m. in the upper level studio 7, formerly room 158, in the Student Recreation Center. Future "Friday Fun at the Rec" nights will include Racket Night on Nov. 1 and Sports Night on Dec. 6.
"The task of balancing school, work and family is a source of stress for many students with families. Two hours of free time a month provided by Friday Fun at the Rec may seem trivial, but it may be the only leisure time that some of our parents get, and that's why we're happy to be involved," Renada Greer, director of Student Support Services, said.
While SIU students will relish a couple of hours to themselves, their children, ages three and older, will enjoy games, snacks, recreation and a variety of fun activities.
New this fall is Family Fitness with Maggie Sykes. This portion of the program gives students with children under the age of three the opportunity to participate in toddler/infant family fitness activities with their child. Sykes, an SIU alumna and mother of an infant, will lead the program designed to give people the opportunity to get in shape, have fun with their young child and get to know other parents.
The cost for "Friday Fun at the Rec" is $2 per child, payable at the door, with a maximum cost of $5 per family. The funds will help offset the cost of snacks and supplies.
Registration is available online through Non-Traditional Student Services at www.nontrad.siu.edu.

subset: commoncrawl


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Tickets are now on sale for the Madrona Children's Theatre presentation of HONK!, to be performed this Thursday-Sunday, March 21-24, at the Mountlake Terrace High School Theatre.
Performed by 71 Madrona students in grades 4-8 in two casts, the production features a professional director, music director and live musicians. All proceeds from ticket sales and fundraisers go back into the program and the school community at Edmonds-based Madrona K-8, which includes students from across the Edmonds School District.
Purchase tickets now at madronatickets.brownpapertickets.com. Cost is $10 for adults and $5 for youth 14 and under. Reserve seats in the ASL or handicap sections by emailing email@example.com.
Winner of multiple awards, including the 2000 Olivier Award for Best Musical, Honk! is an adaptation of Hans Christian Andersen's The Ugly Duckling.
Purchase tickets at: https://madronatickets.brownpapertickets.com or reserve seats in the ASL or handicap sections by emailing email@example.com.
Performance Dates
Thursday, March 21 – 7 p.m. (ASL show)
Friday, March 22 – 7 p.m.
Saturday, March 23 – 2 p.m. and 7 p.m.
Sunday, March 24 – 2 p.m. (ASL show) and 6:30 p.m.
Mountlake Terrace High School is located at 21801 44th Ave. W., Mountlake Terrace.


text:
Columbia Ascender Softshell Jacket for Men - Black - L
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See more in Clothing
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* This offer may contain time-sensitive information and offers. Please check with Bass Pro Shops to confirm actual price & availability.
- Be the first to comment!
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Columbia, MO 65201


text:
It was GAZ's first participation at an auto expo in Viet Nam. It
introduced five types of vehicles to explore the Vietnamese market,
including GAZelle NEXT trucks, GAZelle NEXT Citiline buses with 19
seats, GAZelle Business 4x4 trucks, GAZon NEXT medium-duty cargo and
Sadko 4x4 trucks.
The firm said it would come up with a detailed plan for assembling cars in Viet Nam.
Christian Kremer, deputy director of Global Sales and Marketing of
GAZ, said the models displayed at the AutoExpo were models representing
different segments of the best-selling commercial vehicles in the market
of commercial light trucks in Russia and Europe.
He said the firm considered Viet Nam a potential market with great
growth in the coming years. From this year, GAZ began implementing the
intergovernmental protocol signed between Russia and Viet Nam on
supporting the production of motorised transportation vehicles in Viet
GAZ is currently exploring the possibility of establishing a joint venture and starting sales in Viet Nam, Kremer said.


text:
KEEP IT UNDER LOCK AND KEY." Keep the Bible out of your children's reach.
Why did George Bernard Shaw called the Bible the most dangerous book on the Earth !!!?
Read Below Why The Bible is The Most Dangerous Book On
Song of Songs 8:1-3 "If only you were to me like a brother, who was nursed at my mother's breasts!
Then, if I found you outside, I would kiss you, and no one would despise me. I would lead you and bring you to my mother's house– she who has taught me. I would give you spiced wine to drink , the nectar of my pomegranates. His left arm is under my head and his right arm embraces me." Read more of this post


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Western Province Cat Club Publications
Cats Calling was the magazine of Western Province Cat Club from December 1957 to December 2005 – a remarkable run of 39 years. For much of this period, Cats Calling was the only cat magazine in South Africa, but by 2005 such excellent publications as All About Cats and Cats Life were generally available, and it was impossible to produce a club magazine to their professional standards. We therefore decided to stop publishing Cats Calling.
Newsletter: From 2000 to 2005, Cats Calling was backed up by a newsletter. From 2006 the newsletter was increased to four issues per year. The emphasis in the newsletter is news: what is happening in the cat world in general, the cat fancy in South Africa, and the Club.
60th anniversary booklet: in 2008 the Club celebrated its 60th anniversary. Among the commemorations was a booklet "Western Province Cat Club 1948 – 2008: 60 years of caring about cats". This was a retrospective look at the Club and the world of cats. Copies are still available: send a stamped, self addressed A5 envelope and R10.
List of contact people for breed groups: WPCC is often contacted by people who have bought kittens which turn out to be sickly or otherwise have problems. There is very little we can do about this, so we decided to tackle the problem from another angle – by making it easier for the general public to find responsible breeders. For several years now this list has been available at shows, and is sent out periodically to our members, who are encouraged to give it to vets, pet shops etc. You can find this list here.
Cats Calling Collection: WPCC has a long and proud tradition of supporting cat-related charities. While compiling the 60th anniversary booklet, we hit upon the idea of collecting some of our members' stories into a booklet, which we donated to TEARS to sell for fundraising. The Cats Calling Collection is available from TEARS for R20. The TEARS website is www.tears.org.za. We are working on a second Cats Calling Collection to be launched at Cat of the Year in 2010.
Showing Your Cat: This booklet aims to demystify shows and gives information about how to enter, what classes there are, how cats progress from Open Class to Supreme etc. The price is R10.
Notes for Kitten Buyers: Useful advice for anyone looking to buy a kitten, this pamphlet is available free of charge at all WPCC shows.
- PublicationsList of WPCC Publications
- Cat's Calling ArchiveThe Big Decision - Indoors or OutdoorsThe BurmeseThe BombayThe ManxThe Rare White'Camel Cat' Tommy Takes on the WildsHope for Easing the Ache in Old BonesHomeopathy - Is It Really a Cure-all?Just a Simple Urine Sample...The 'Mystique' of Cat Shows Revealed


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On Sale
Square Signet Ring
The Square Signet Ring is a classic piece to wear and cherish for life. The vintage-inspired silhouette is minimal, sleek and light-weight, perfect for all-day wear.
It has a subtle, parallel line details on each side for a unique touch.
- Handmade in Toronto
- Ring size assistance here
- Made to order. Please allow 3-4 weeks to ship.


text:
There is no code
in the static
of the radio stations
we are caught between tonight.
Day 71 of 35
There is no code
There is no code
in the static
of the radio stations
we are caught between tonight.
Administrative Consulting
Thoughts on parenting, teaching, and faith.
writer - advocate - herder of cats
TBI S-O-S! Restoring a Sense-Of-Self after Brain Injury and Concussion
The Blessings of Being a Woman of God
Have some fire. Be unstoppable. Be a force of nature.
My Site. That looks like a Blog, but it's a site to organize the content. Also a central portal for my stuff and contact information.
Experiencing God on the Journey with Special Needs
A fine WordPress.com site
Adventures of a socially-inept Aspie girl
an independent, international literary magazine
Living on the Edge of the Sagebrush Ocean
Beautiful photos of hiking and other outdoor adventures.
Official Author site for Laurie McDaniel


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I never know how to respond when there are horrors in the news. I'm a picture book author. What can I say about a terrorist attack in New Zealand?
I am sure that Mister Rogers would have known what to say. He wouldn't have tried to hide the horrors from the children. Instead, he would have redirected them. He would have told the children that, when they saw scary things, they should look for the helpers.
It's pretty much the same thing that G.K. Chesterton said. He understood that children know that horrors exist. Children know that there are dragons. He said that children needed stories that would teach them that, when they face dragons, they will find St. George beside them.
The dragon that ravaged New Zealand on Friday was hate. Hate for anything that was unlike its dragonish self. Hate that seethed with fire until it spewed out death and destruction.
It's our job to be St. George for our children. It's our job to face hate, to destroy its power. It's our job to replace hate with love.
The power of stories
And how do we do that? Chesterton believed in the power of fairy tales and stories. He thought that stories were how children learned that it was possible to face dragons with faith. Stories are where we learn that we can conquer evil with love.
And who is it that we need to learn to love? Jesus was pretty clear on that. It's not enough to love the people who love us, and to be friendly with the people who are like us. We have to love everyone, and to be good to everyone, with the same fierce indiscriminate love that God pours on everyone.
But we can't we love people that we don't know. To love other people, we have to spend time with them. We have to learn their habits and their customs and their quirks. We have to share what they eat and read what they read until we can begin to dream their dreams with them.
This is why I write picture books – because, like Chesterton, I believe in the power of stories.
Stories introduce us to people we might not otherwise get a chance to know. And the joy that children have in stories spills over into the people those stories are about.
When Orthodox Christian children read stories about Orthodox Christian children like Catherine and Elizabeth celebrating Pascha, they are overjoyed to see people like themselves in stories. And that's important. But it's even more important that our children read stories about children that aren't like themselves, and find joy in those stories, too. Because those stories will help them learn to love and cherish people who aren't like themselves.
Stories about people who aren't like us
Where do we start in reading stories about people who aren't like us? Given that the dragon in New Zealand poured hate onto Muslim people, it seems like a good time to read stories about Muslim people with your children. Of course you want to read stories about Orthodox Christians with your children. I've got a whole list of them. And during Lent, you'll want to read stories about people celebrating Easter. I have a list of Easter books, too.
But you should also make it a point to read books about Muslim people. While your children are fasting, they can learn about the way that their Muslim neighbors fast. Zachariah's Perfect Day is a delightful and relatable story to start with. And here's a list of more Ramadan books from the Colours of Us blog.
Read More
Nasreen's Secret School: A review: When war and sorrow come to the city of Herat in Afghanistan, Nasreen feels like she's lost everything. But she hasn't lost her grandmother's strength, or her grandmother's love.
How to love strangers: Lessons in philoxenia: To overcome hate, we are called to cultivate the virtue that our Church calls philoxenia — love of the stranger. Hospitality. Welcome.
Teaching children with children's books: Angela Isaacs, author of the board book I Pray Today, explains how she uses children's books to teach her children the names of colors and animals and harder-to-teach things like love and compassion and dealing with bullies.


text: So after some talk with the wife, she thinks I should get a mustang over another jeep. If you've been following my trade thread at all I was going to trade my 92 yj for a newer, less built xj or something comparable. I've been waiting on the title for almost 3 months, turns out the dol lost it, or it got lost in the mail. I had to file for a duplicate which should be here in about 2 weeks. Anyway, I found this mustang on cl and I'm thinking about just getting it and selling the yj when I get the title. It's a safe bet I can sell the yj for more and recoup my monies. But even if I don't get this one, I'll post more for opinions. http://seattle.craigslist.org/tac/cto/5447541827.html Sent from my iPhone using Tapatalk


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Hello Crafty Fellas,
Juhi here with a new project featuring one of Bob n Betty's latest releases "WOODIES"
From the moment I set my eyes on the gorgeous Woodies Paper Collection I wanted to make a scrapbook featuring them! Now, I am not much of a scrapbooker, in fact I hardly ever make any scrapbook layouts. So I decided to make a minimal scrapbook album, I let the beautiful patterned papers do all the work. I did not add any 3D embellishments as I did not want to make the album bulky and also because I wanted the focus to be on the papers. Frankly, the papers are so beautiful no embellishments are needed!
I will walk you through how I made this cute mini album, it's was extremely easy to put together. I started with a pre-made blank scrapbook album measuring approx. 7"x7", Bob n Betty Woodies 12"x12" patterned paper collection, a few embellishments, and of course photographs!
I started with cutting the 12"x12" patterned paper sheets slightly smaller than the album's pages and stuck them on both sides of the scrapbook's pages including the front and back covers.
I then stuck the photos, mostly pasting 1 photo per page as I wanted the patterned paper to show through. I used photo corners to stick the photos.
After sticking all the photos I added on a few appropriate pre-printed journaling cards. Let's have a closer look.
I finally decorated the cover with some die-cuts and my super cute scrapbook photo album is ready!
Not only is the Woodies collection great for your scrapbooking projects, it's also awesome as a photo backdrop for your finished craft projects 🙂
Hope you all enjoyed going through this mini album.
Do leave your comments…would love to hear from you 🙂


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The civil lawsuit of murdered Mongolian citizen against the Malaysian government has finally started in Kuala Lumpur on 22 January 2019. Commissioner Oyunchimeg Purev has been attended the hearing as a proxy of the National Human Rights Commission of Mongolia. It has been a very long outstanding case and reportedly, the hearing will last for two weeks.
Commissioner Oyunchimeg Purev told reporters after attending the court proceedings, "Our Commission has been actively working with Altantuya's family for the past 12 years after her "sudden, tragic" death in 2006, and I have come from Mongolia to observe Malaysia's justice system."
"Whether it's a Mongolian citizen or Malaysian citizen, a human life is the most precious of them all. Therefore, this is not only an issue between Mongolia and Malaysia, the whole world who is looking for justice is watching us today.
"I strongly believe that today's justice system in Malaysia will prove that justice will win after all. I hope the Malaysian justice system will compensate the victims' claims and not only follow the local laws, but also the international conventions they have joined into," she added, having noted that both Malaysia and Mongolia are part of the United Nations whose members are obliged to follow international conventions.
Counsellor Byambasuren Guntevsuren from the Embassy of Mongolia based in Thailand was also present at today's court proceedings.
Source: https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2019/01/22/altantuyas-son-dead-amid-12-year-wait-for-lawsuit-father-to-testify-tomorro/1715234?fbclid=IwAR1UBj8zeDBFG1BTOgjwhsO-VT3SAL8ZhuvdBCbaXNHq5s9CrTvGd84nmoM


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Most approaches to character development and to Machshava/Hashqafa/Weltanshaung involve Sifrei Mussar.
If not Mussar, then Qabbalah or Hassidus come to mind. But there are just bits and pieces of Halachic texts that outline thought, repentance, character improvement etc.
As part of my proposed 8 semester course on Jewish Machshava, I have included Rambam's Sefer Mada. It is a treasure-trove of nuggets of wisdom. Along with Rambam's own Shemoneh P'raqim, it represents an expansion of Pirqei Avos.
The Edition I am reviewing is the Moznayim - Touger edition. The commentary may be a big factor later on as we shall see.
Seven hundred years ago Sefer Mada was quite controversial! It was even banned [and burned] along with the Moreh Nevuchim. Today's modern society considers 90% of it as mainstream with elements of Yesodei Hattorah [chapters 1-4] still holding out as controversial even today.
For the rational, modern, thinking person, the Rambam's presentation is clear cut, concise, and using emotion sparingly - but with great effect nevertheless
I plan to review the component volumes in future reviews, perhaps 1 or 2 volumes per review.


text:
» huaweicloud_iam_agency_v3
Manages an agency resource within huawei cloud.
» Example Usage
resource "huaweicloud_iam_agency_v3" "agency" {
name = "test_agency"
description = "test agency"
delegated_domain_name = "***"
project_role = [
project = "cn-north-1"
roles = [
"Tenant Administrator",
domain_roles = [
"Anti-DDoS Administrator",
Note: It can not set
tenant_name in
provider "huaweicloud" when
using this resource.
» Argument Reference
The following arguments are supported:
name- (Required) The name of agency. The name is a string of 1 to 64 characters.
description- (Optional) Provides supplementary information about the agency. The value is a string of 0 to 255 characters.
delegated_domain_name- (Required) The name of delegated domain.
project_role- (Optional) An array of roles and projects which are used to grant permissions to agency on project. The structure is documented below.
domain_roles- (optional) An array of role names which stand for the permissionis to be granted to agency on domain.
project_role block supports:
one or both of
project_role and
domain_roles must be input when
creating an agency.
» Attributes Reference
The following attributes are exported:
name- See Argument Reference above.
description- See Argument Reference above.
delegated_domain_name- See Argument Reference above.
project_role- See Argument Reference above.
domain_roles- See Argument Reference above.
duration- Validity period of an agency. The default value is null, indicating that the agency is permanently valid.
expire_time- The expiration time of agency
create_time- The time when the agency was created.
id- The agency ID.


text:
Discover the New OWA: Outlook Web App
Play Discover the New OWA: Outlook Web App
The new Outlook Web App provides the most robust Web experience for accessing your Microsoft Exchange Server. With OWA 2010 users will get even more ways to communicate from the Web. From the new OWA IM and SMS Sync features to the incredible changes to the conversation view; new communications types and presentation methods abound to make users more productive. New features like MailTips, Side-by-side calendars, Delegate access, Delivery reports, and more are demonstrated. The new Exchange Control Panel (ECP) also makes end-user self-service features greatly enhanced meaning users can more easily manage their own issues. This session focuses on the new end-user functions available in OWA 2010 as well as walks through the configuration of IM with Microsoft Office Communications Server 2007 R2 and helping IT pros troubleshoot common configuration errors in setting up OWA IM.


text:
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text:
In an episode that actually shows us very little of the super-powered Damien Darhk (Neal McDonough), Oliver (Stephen Amell) and Diggle (David Ramsey) discover the madman's underground suburb and search for a kidnapped Thea (Willa Holland) while Felicity (Emily Bett Rickards), the Calculator (Tom Amandes), and Curtis (Echo Kellum) work to try and stop Darhk from starting nuclear armageddon.
Both storylines offer obstacles for our heroes. Felicity's hacker session has to make it through Noah and Donna's (Charlotte Ross) constant bickering and Darhk hiring Brother Eye (Nolan Gerard Funk) to try and steal back launch control from the heroes. Meanwhile, Ollie and Dig must contend with an army of Ghosts, a brainwashed Thea, and the wildcard of Lonnie Machin (Alexander Calvert) who brings HIVE's world tumbling down. We also get more flashbacks to the island where Oliver first learns how corrupting the power of Darhk's idol can be.
"Genesis" is a bit too scattered to be one of the show's better episodes, but it does include some terrific moments (such as Curtis' reaction to Felicity's parents). The prelude to next week's season finale also introduces a couple of important pieces of information. First, not all of Darhk's followers are mind-controlled. And second, someone under the power of the drugs can break free if their will is strong enough (as we see with Thea). I'll be interested to see how either or both of those revelations may play into next week's finale.


text:
KISUMU, KENYA – Are you interested in encouraging the youth of Kenya in their spiritual life? Are you willing to put your faith into action?
The 2019 Kenya Mission Team has been invited by His Grace Athanasios Bishop of Kisumu and West Kenya to participate in a five-day retreat for youth from the Diocese of Kisumu which will be held at the Bishop Makarios Secondary School in the Nyanza district. The youth who are from diverse backgrounds and different tribes, are filled with a great desire to grow in their Orthodox faith and meet other Orthodox from around the world. The primary focus of this retreat is to concentrate on the unique and dynamic ministry that youth leaders have within Orthodox parishes, how other youth around the world are involved in their parish and how they stay connected to the Church and society.
In 2015, Fr. Athanasios was elevated to Bishop by His Beatitude Theodoros II, the Patriarch of Alexandria and All Africa. In his speech at his enthronement, the Patriarch said: "The hour of missions in the vast and great country of Kenya 'has indeed come.' The fullness of time has arrived; the time of sowing has come as has the time of reaping. Teach them to love Christ's name above all." The Diocese of Kisumu and Western Kenya includes over 18,000 faithful, 200 parishes and 100 clergy. It is made up of four different tribes: Luhya, Luo, Nandi and Turkana. His Grace Bishop Akunda reposed on January 4, 2019, after a short but devastating illness while visiting the U.S. Presently, the Church in Kenya has two hierarchs, His Eminence Archbishop Makarios of Kenya, Bishop Neophytos of Nyeri and Mount Kenya.
Orthodoxy arose in East Africa without the influence of foreign missionaries. The Church was founded by two charismatic African men searching for truth and 'orthodoxia' in the 1920's. The Orthodox Church in Kenya was received into canonical Orthodoxy in 1946, and the Makarios III Patriarchal Seminary was opened in the 1980's to train indigenous priests from Africa. OCMC has supported the work of the Orthodox Church in Kenya for over 30 years and continues to provide support for theological and catechetical training, and works with church leaders to address issues of self-sufficiency for the church. Presently, the Church in Kenya has three hierarchs, His Eminence Archbishop Makarios of Kenya, Bishop Neophytos of Nyeri and Mount Kenya, and Bishop Athanasios of Kisumu and Western Kenya.
Team Members should be experienced in youth ministry and be exemplary role models for the children.
Dates: December 8 – 17, 2019
Cost: $1,285 (+ airfares)
Travel – Team Members must fly on the international travel itinerary OCMC will provide to and from the project destination. Team Members are responsible for all air travel: one-way domestic flight to Jacksonville, FL (JAX) Sunday, December 8 (by 4 pm for orientation) and an international segment from JAX to Kisumu, Kenya on Tuesday, December 10, returning home on Tuesday, December 17. Airfares are not included in participant cost.
Fund raising – Each Team Member is responsible for the participant cost and airfares associated with this Team. Team Members are encouraged to invite others to participate in this effort through prayer and tax-deductible donations. Participant cost includes room and board, local transportation, orientation costs, ministry expenses, excursion and materials.
OCMC partially subsidizes each Team Member's cost to keep it at the price posted and relies on donations from individuals and churches for these costs. If you are interested in assisting with these expenses, please contact the OCMC for more information. If you would like to contribute to this project, which is also supported by the OCMC, we are grateful for your support. This is optional and for that reason it is not included in the participant cost.
Share in a journey of faith… Orthodox Mission Team members are challenged to view the world with God's eyes and seek how He wants to use them to fulfill His plans. This cross-cultural experience, combined with outreach, offers participants a life-changing learning experience. This experience is about people, culture and missions. It is also about prayer, for you and others; it is about God, those you serve, and about yourself, as you serve Him.


text:
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Plan your ultimate trip to Graceland with our Plan Your Visit tool. View tours, options, and much more in order to create an experience fit for the king himself!
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3717 Elvis Presley Blvd.
Memphis, TN 38116
Only 10 minutes from downtown and 3 minutes from the Memphis Airport.
3600 Elvis Presley Blvd.
Memphis, TN 38116
Home to Elvis Presley's Graceland, the newly-renovated Overton Square and the Birthplace of Rock 'n' Roll, Memphis is now the place to travel with new flights from Chicago on Southwest Airlines! According to an article on ChicagoMag.com, "service to Memphis may prove to be a game changer."
Chicago Magazine talks about all of the popular attractions in Memphis, including stops at Beale Street and Sun Studio, but also looks at the emerging areas of Memphis where traveler's can discover the local flavor of the Bluff City.
"If you go now, there's always Beale Street and Sun Studio, but at the end of the month the Indie Memphis Film Festival (October 31 - November 3) takes place in Overton Square," writes Chicago Magazine's Nina Kokotas Hahn. "While visiting the entertainment district, settle in for a bite of relaxed Creole at chef Kelly English's Second Line restaurant, opening this month. Stay downtown at the 110-room Madison Hotel, but don't call it a night just yet. Make your way up to the Madison's new late-night Twilight Terrace rooftop, opened earlier this year, where a Smoke on the Water—hickory smoke-infused rye whiskey and maraschino bitters—will go great with those Mississippi River views."
Read the entire article titled "New Direct Flights Make Memphis Much More Attractive" by visiting ChicagoMag.com. Ready to plan the ultimate rock 'n' roll pilgrimage to Memphis? Check out great savings and package deals online for visiting Graceland and book your flight from select markets, for as little as $89, by visiting Southwest.com!


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Hi, everyone!
It's time for a new monthly challenge at Let's Craft and Create!
March Challenge, Easter
My Design Team Project
Stampin' Up! supplies:
Cardstock: Bermuda Bay, Berry Burst, Daffodil Delight, Calypso Coral,
Pear Pizzazz, Smoky Slake, Basic Black, Real Red
Ink: Bermuda Bay (edges of truck parts)
Dies: Picnic Basket Builder (grass)
Adhesives: Mini Glue Dots, Multi Purpose Liquid Glue
I hope to see you link up your project over at Let's Craft and Create!


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Saturday night politics:
It's looking like my congresswoman, Nancy Pelosi, is the muscle behind the health-care push. If we get some sort of health-care reform out of this government, it'll be to her credit.
Also, props to my mayor, Gavin Newsom, who was fantastic on the health-care issue last night on HBO's Bill Maher program. He was particularly strong in making the small businessman's case for health-care reform, drawing both on his restaurant business experience and on San Francisco's efforts to create universal health-care on a local level.
Sometimes, our politicians do deliver.


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Boy are we ever enjoying the beautiful weather we are having this week! Kole and I drove out this afternoon to check on the progress of the road. Unfortunately, for the second day in a row, there were no men working. I was a big upset at first, but seeing how happy Kole was to just play in the field, on the pile of dirt took away any anger I felt. When we got home, I called our road contractor to chat about the status of things. As it turns out, the gas companies hoard the stone from the quarries for the new gas wells they are installing. So, trucks can't just pull up to the quarry whenever they need stone. This has been putting a little hold on things, but he claims it will be done by next Wednesday. They will be working tomorrow and early next week, so I am sure Kole will be one happy little boy watching all that stone being laid out.
Dan received a call from our well driller last night - apparently the engine in his drill rig blew up and he is out of commission for at least a few weeks. He gave Dan another number to call. He heard back from the other driller today - well, from his wife. She indicated that since our land has been mined under, her husband probably will need to be convinced to try to drill. He has apparently had some bad experience in the past with wells running into mines and it creates a lot more work and is more expensive to drill. Our initial reaction was to slightly freak out, but Dan did some digging and found that where our house sits and where we were hoping to drill the weather have in fact not been mined under. Even if they have, the mine lies 800 feet below the surface. I don't think it will be an issue, but we have to wait and see.
We can already tell that we only want to go through this process once! We know it will be worth it in the end, but man this year is going to be a test of patience!


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in a world where there are no alarms body is waking up naturally because of their biological clock. This watch works in a way that makes us sleepy at the same time during the day. Depending on how and when our body is used for sleeping. As sleepiness, the clock also functions as a natural alarm.
A couple of hours before he wakes our body is preparing for that process. Be lighter sleep, increases body temperature and creating hormones cortisol and dopamine openings.
The problem with the alarms is that they stop awakening natural sleep cycle stops. In this way the body is caught unprepared. This is the reason why all of us, press the snooze button.
press the snooze button brings more harm than comfort and that is why it should be lifted immediately. Pressing the snooze button will take you tired during the day.
Go to bed earlier so you do not have to feel tired the next day.
Source: naturalhealthcareforyou.com


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'Game of Thrones': Hollywood power gamers at Cannes scramble to view the ending This has been supported by a leak from among HBO's French broadcasters, which asserts the season will certainly start with two hour-long episodes, with the staying 4 lasting a minimum of 80-minutes each. There's likewise a face-lift at Tyrion, Davos Seaworth (Liam Cunningham) and also Varys (Conleth Hillside) at Winterfell.
12/23 Ice dragon
Grey Worm intends to progress the offending cities, however since that would certainly leave Meereen vulnerable, Tyrion rather asks Varys to have his "little birds" provide a message to the masters. Varys after that reports back to Tyrion, Missandei and also Grey Worm on what he has discovered: The servant masters of Yunkai, Astapor as well as Volantis have been secretly financing the Sons. Nonetheless, while Bran recalls repetitively hearing the story of exactly how his daddy defeated the fabulous Sword of the Morning, the real fight was apparently more complicated.
After conferring with Beric, Thoros and the Canine, the whole group-- minus Davos, who considers himself a liability-- decides to set out past the Wall with each other. On the other hand, Davos seeks out Gendry in Flea Base, where he has actually been functioning as a smith because rowing away from Dragonstone in season 3. To Jaime's shock, she after that reveals that she is expecting with their kid. Daenerys is thrilled to see that Jorah lives as well as well, as well as approves him back right into her service.
- Wondering what you should enjoy while you're unwinding afterwards finale?
- Camouflaged as the Dornish guards they eliminated, Jaime as well as Bronn spy on Mycrella as well as her betrothed, Trystane Martell (Toby Sebastian), as they kiss in the Water Gardens.
- You'll require two months if you intend to see all of the episodes live as they air, which will certainly cost you ₤ 15.98 in total amount.
Just how to watch Game of Thrones online in various other areas
The deal is essentially the same as the one for HBO Go: You can register for a cost-free seven-day test of HBO on Amazon, thereby allowing you to the online stream Game of Thrones final episode (and also possibly some even more web content) absolutely free prior to the trial duration finishes. These alternatives consist of HBO Go, the network's own streaming solution, which lets you stream old and brand-new HBO web content, consisting of Game of Thrones season 8 as well as the final episode.
At the Citadel, Sam is charged with a day-to-day program of less-than-glamorous chores instead of being allowed to do the research study he requires to help Jon in the war versus the dead. In an additional pre-opening credit scores cool open, Arya poses as Walder Frey to take out every Frey that participated in the Red Wedding celebration by holding a banquet as well as poisoning their white wine. Ellaria after that brings out Varys, who supplies them an alliance with Daenerys. In Dorne, a mourning Olenna meets with Ellaria and also the Sand Snakes to go over retribution against Cersei. Melisandre says that she has actually prepared to need years, however says that she should be enabled to live till she has ended up playing in her component in the war versus the dead.
This has actually been backed up by a leak from one of HBO's French broadcasters, which claims the season will certainly begin with two hour-long episodes, with the continuing to be 4 lasting at least 80-minutes each. where to watch game of thrones wants to march on the annoying cities, but since that would leave Meereen unsafe, Tyrion instead asks Varys to have his "little birds" provide a message to the masters. Varys then reports back to Tyrion, Missandei as well as Grey Worm on what he has actually learned: The slave masters of Yunkai, Astapor as well as Volantis have been covertly financing the Sons. In an additional pre-opening credit ratings cold open, Arya postures as Walder Frey to take out every Frey that took part in the Red Wedding by holding a feast and poisoning their a glass of wine.


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9 Of The Best Alternative Great Hampstead Bark Off Awards 2017
Last weekend, Hampstead Heath was taken over by London's humans and hounds for the annual Great Hampstead Bark Off, raising much-needed funds for London Rescue & Rehoming Charity, All Dogs Matter. Each year this event gets bigger and better and this year didn't disappoint. The dog show categories of Best Pup,…View Post


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Optimise your customer experience by creating continuous and connected journeys in your contact centre
Tuesday 25th September 2018 - 9.30 am – 2.00pm
The Tangla Hotel, Brussels
Your customers are more demanding and more discerning than ever before. They expect to be able to contact you via their preferred channel – in some cases using multiple touchpoints during one interaction. It is vitally important that you can optimise your customer interactions at all stages - so that their issues can be resolved quickly and efficiently.
Come along to our event to see how the latest technologies, tools and integrations can enable you to deliver continuous and connected customer journeys.
- Artificial intelligence in the contact centre: Discover how you can improve your customer journeys through the targeted use of chatbots
- Video consulting and e-signature: Create an exceptional service experience through the use of video - ensuring a seamless consultation, or proactive sales conversation from initial contact through to signature
- Multi -channel capability: Connect new media channels to your contact centre infrastructure to enhance customer experience
- Efficient agent communication: Equip your agents for the modern workplace
- Augmented reality powered video assistance: See what your customer sees so that you can speed up the support process
If you are interested in coming along then please register here.


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This is one I will admit I've been trying to read for a while. Interesting snippets of life at that time, surrounded by enormous amounts of Lady this and Lord whoever type gossipy stuff that was a boring as...
From the Blurb:
Having been a huge fan of other forensic investigations of early Australian Crime Writers done by Lucy Sussex, I've been looking forward to this one immensely. Will be reviewed at http://www.newtownreviewofbooks.com.au(link is external)
From the Blurb:
Before there was Arthur Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes, there was Fergus Hume's The Mystery of a Hansom Cab—the biggest- and fastest-selling detective novel of the 1800s, and Australia's first literary blockbuster.


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September 6, 2016 (Aberdeen, MD) – The Ripken Foundation's Summer Camp is a once-in-a-lifetime experience for children around the country who are participating in the Cal Ripken, Sr. Foundation year-round youth development programs. During the summer months, the Foundation invites select youth partners from the Badges for Baseball program to attend an all-expenses paid, one-week overnight camp. Thanks to our friends at Southwest Airlines, kids and their chaperones from many states travel to Aberdeen, MD to interact with other underserved youth in a healthy, positive, and fun way.
This summer, Hector Gutierrez and his son, Anthony, 13 from Sarasota, FL along with two other boys from their community, Pedro and Omar Sanchez, attended the Ripken Summer Camp for the very first time. "It was an awesome experience for kids to have…to be away from family…and still be happy and proud of themselves," said Hector.
Through our collaboration with national law enforcement agencies, including the U.S. Marshals Service, kids were able to experience a mobile command center, saw a police helicopter landing, interacted with K-9 dogs and officers, and experienced other exciting demonstrations. They played baseball and softball with the officers and also got to challenge themselves on a ropes course, climb a rock wall, fly acros the zip line, and swim, enjoying the pleasures of just being a kid. All activities and guest speakers reinforced important life lessons—like the importance of teamwork, personal responsibility, and communication—which were taught through our local Badges for Baseball programs.
The camp experience gave Hector and his son a chance to be together and away from the routine of their daily lives. "I also got to see how Anthony interacted with other kids. And I got to work with other children from Mississippi, Georgia, Ohio. It taught me how to be patient with other children including my own son," said Hector
Hector's journey to camp was a collaborative effort by John Annis, Senior Vice President, Community Investment at the Community Foundation of Sarasota County, Roger Ralph, Cal Ripken, Sr. Foundation Board Member, and Luz Casera, Executive Director at Unitas Now. They created an opportunity for Hector and his son to experience camp and take back lifelong memories.


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K-pop stars BTS are ready to take over North America, and they'll begin with a performance on "Jimmy Kimmel Live!" next week. The band, which has emerged as one of the largest pop acts in Korea since forming in 2013, will perform on the late-night show on Wednesday, Nov. 15.
The group's confirmation on "Kimmel" follows their previously scheduled performance at the American Music Awards on Sunday, Nov. 19. They'll be joined by fellow performers P!nk, Selena Gomez and Christina Aguilera, the latter of whom will honor Whitney Houston and the 25th anniversary of her iconic album The Bodyguard. The AMAs will be broadcast live from the Microsoft Theater.
BTS will join the growing list of K-pop acts to make the international jump on American late-night television. Girls' Generation appeared on "The Late Show with David Letterman" in 2012 along their debut headlining U.S. tour while Psy promoted his song "Hangover" with Snoop Dogg in 2014 throughout the states.
The band will make the rounds in support of their most recent album Love Yourself: Her, released in September. The album debuted at No. 7 on the Billboard 200, making it the highest-charted Korean pop album ever on the chart and surpassing their previous top release in Wings at No. 26 last year.


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This blogpost by Michelle Kovacevic originally appeared on GFAR Blog
When I joined the Young Professionals for Agricultural Development (YPARD) network as mentoring coordinator in February 2015, I hoped to facilitate a mentoring program that helped YPARD members to be brave, be bold and be open.
To be brave because creating a sustainable food system, better youth employment, combating climate change and equalising gender can be tiring and sometimes frightening work.
To be bold because as Albert Einstein said: "We can't solve problems by using the same kind of thinking we used when we created them."
To be open because only through sharing ideas and working together will we be able to solve these problems. It is our increasing disconnection from ourselves, each other and nature that kind of got humanity into this mess in the first place.
Through this blog, I want to tell you how I saw all these qualities exemplified in a group of bright young agricultural entrepreneurs—"agripreneurs" who recently started an exciting personal and professional journey with us during the Third Global Conference on Agricultural Research for Development (GCARD3).
Birth of the concept
In January, 2016 Peter Casier, Social Media Coordinator for GFAR, contacted me, sounding particularly excited.
"Michelle," he said. "Would YPARD consider joining a new project to help young entrepreneurs realize their ideas for a sustainable agricultural future?"
He was talking, of course, about the Young Agripreneurs Project – an initiative to provide financial and social support for young people with awesome ideas through seed funding, mentoring and business development.
"Absolutely!" I responded, not really prepared for what was to come.
Off we then went, launching a call for proposals. We received 428 submissions in just three weeks and we worked around the clock to get them all online for the public vote and jury selection.
Six inspiring finalists were selected and five of them were able to get visas in time to join a kick off workshop in Johannesburg, South Africa during GCARD3.
It would have been easy to design your standard "people-who-are-supposedly-more-knowledgeable-than-you-stand-at-the-front-of-the-room-and-tell-you-things-for-eight-hours" kind of workshop.
But I wanted to design a two-day experience that would inculcate in our young entrepreneurs a sense of adventure and equip them with bravery, boldness and openness to face this adventure together. A 16-hour experience, where they felt safe to reveal who they truly are. Where the conversation would be led by young people about the things that matter most to them. (One of my favourite talks on this issue is "Want to help someone? Shut up and listen!")
So there we were. Jony, Josine, Nikki, Lillian, Kellyann and myself in the Barcelona room of the Birchwood Hotel with the drums of South African musician Mafikizolo mimicking our nervous but excited heartbeats. (If you have Spotify you can access the workshop playlist here.)
The power of reflection and stories
We started off with an acknowledgement of country and context. These have become really important rituals for my workshops because they help us understand the importance of the place we are meeting and when we are meeting.
In Johannesburg, we learnt of the Khoisan people who were among many indigenous groups dispossessed by colonial rule in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Promoting awareness of and respect for Indigenous culture and knowledge (particularly when it comes to agriculture) is an important part of ending the history of silence and exclusion that has resulted in disadvantage and dispossession of many first nations people today.
During our acknowledgement of context, we spoke of the time in history within which we were meeting. Youth unemployment is at an all time high and human beings are having an unprecedented impact on the planet. Now more than ever do we need to amplify the voices of our young people with great ideas.
From this reflective exercise we jumped straight into a creative activity called the River of Life. I asked each of our entrepreneurs to reflect on a moment that changed their lives and where they were at now in their lives. Their willingness to be so open to sharing powerful and moving stories of transformation and hope really helped to create a safe space right from the beginning. We talked about their expectations of themselves, of each other and of YPARD and GFAR during the next 12 months. It was a great start to being brave, bold and open.
One thing we sometimes forget is the power of food as a way to connect people cross cultures and share stories. And since YPARD is all about young people and food, each agripreneur was encouraged to bring an item of food from their country that was meaningful to them. During our coffee breaks we shared each other's food and heard some wonderful stories about barley that gives Ethiopian marathon runners energy, how Filipinos don't let any food go to waste (even frying up fish skins…which were delicious) and got to try some wonderful sweets made from milk from Nikki's dairy farm.
Mastering pitching
Daisy Ouya from the World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) then ran a session on pitching which culminated in practice pitches by each of the agripreneurs. Daisy along with her colleagues Abby Waldorf and Juliet Braslow (who is also a mentee in YPARD's face to face mentoring program) have been great supporters of our work with youth for many years and have really helped me understand how crucial it is to master the skill of pitching.
Pitching feeds into everything we do – networking, delivering a presentation, asking for funding, convincing our boss to give us a raise, selling our car. We wanted to help the youth agripreneurs develop their pitch before GCARD3 started so they were able to really introduce themselves with a bang when networking. It was also a great way to start our time together as we got to understand their projects better.
You can learn more about pitching here and here.


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Nearly one in eight US women will develop breast cancer in their lifetime. Most breast cancer is not associated with a hereditary syndrome, occurs in postmenopausal women, and is estrogen and progesterone receptor-positive. Estrogen exposure is an epidemiologic risk factor for breast cancer and estrogen is a potent mammary mitogen. We studied single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in estrogen receptors in 615 healthy subjects and 1011 individuals with histologically confirmed breast cancer, all from New York City. We analyzed 13 SNPs in the progesterone receptor gene (PGR), 17 SNPs in estrogen receptor 1 gene (ESR1), and 8 SNPs in the estrogen receptor 2 gene (ESR2). We observed three common haplotypes in ESR1 that were associated with a decreased risk for breast cancer [odds ratio (OR), ∼ O.4; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.2–0.8; P < 0.01]. Another haplotype was associated with an increased risk of breast cancer (OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.2–3.8; P < 0.05). A unique risk haplotype was present in ∼7% of older Ashkenazi Jewish study subjects (OR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.2–2.4; P < 0.003). We narrowed the ESR1 risk haplotypes to the promoter region and first exon. We define several other haplotypes in Ashkenazi Jews in both ESR1 and ESR2 that may elevate susceptibility to breast cancer. In contrast, we found no association between any PGR variant or haplotype and breast cancer. Genetic epidemiology study replication and functional assays of the haplotypes should permit a better understanding of the role of steroid receptor genetic variants and breast cancer risk.
Only a small fraction (<5%) of women diagnosed with breast cancer have a clear hereditary predisposition (1, 2, 3) , and of these, about one half have predisposing mutations in BRCA1, BRCA2, PTEN, TP53, or other known cancer predisposing genes. However, twin studies indicate that the heritability of breast cancer is ∼30% (4) , suggesting that genes other than the well-mapped regions act as modifiers of breast cancer risk. Although it is likely low penetrance as well as high penetrance genes may be involved in the etiology, it remains unclear which genomic regions and which biochemical functions or signal transduction pathways account for additional, heritable breast cancer incidence or progression.
Abundant epidemiologic evidence suggests that estrogen plays a crucial role in most breast cancers. Nulliparous women are at significantly elevated risk, as are women who have children late in their lives, women who have early menarche or women who have late menopause. Obesity is also associated with breast cancer risk; estrogen synthesis in adipose tissue is proposed to account for this increase in risk. Whereas estrogen receptor (ER)-positive and progesterone receptor (PgR)-positive breast cancers have better short-term prognosis than those that have become hormone independent (5) , receptor status varies as a function of age and menopausal status. Younger patients are more likely receptor negative and hormonally unresponsive; older patients are more often receptor positive and hormonally responsive. Recent and complete reviews of the genetics of breast cancer and its relation to the estrogen and progesterone receptor are available (6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12) .
In this report, we seek to identify candidate steroid hormone receptor gene variants in ESR1, ESR2, and PGR that might be associated with risk of breast cancer, perhaps leading to accelerated or slower rates of neoplastic transformation. 8
5′-Nucleotidase Assay Designs.
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) discovered through data mining of the Celera Discovery System, a Celera Proprietary Database, or deposits into dbSNP were chosen for assay design. Limited resequencing permitted discovery of the rare variant in ESR2 exon 4 reported here. Sequences chosen for scoring on the entire cohort were either purchased from Applied Biosystems as Assays-on-Demand (AOD) or submitted to an Applied Biosystems Assays-by-Design pipeline. One difficult assay (G393G in PGR) was designed by Raymond Stephens of Celadon Labs., College Park, MD. Propynyl T oligonucleotide probes for G393G were manufactured under special license agreement by TriLink Biotech, San Diego, CA.
5′-Nucleotidase Assay Method.
Five nanograms of genomic patient and control DNAs were aliquoted with a Hydra liquid handler (HYDRA Robbins Molecular BioProducts, San Diego, CA) into 384-well bar-coded optical thermocycler plates compatible with the ABI PRISM 7900HT sequence detection system (ABI Prism 7900 HT, Applied Biosystems, Inc., Foster City, CA). Before assay, these were rehydrated with 2.4 μL of deionized water with a Qfill2 automated pipetter (QFILL2 Genetix Ltd., Queensway, New Milton Hampshire, United Kingdom). For Assays-on-Demand products (denoted by a catalog number and paucity of sequence information in Table 1 ⇓ ⇓ ), 2.5 μL of TaqMan Universal PCR master mix was added with 125 nL of Assay-on-Demand mix per well. For Assays-by-Design products or assays devised in house, 2.5 μL of PCR master mix was combined with 100 μmol of each primer (45 nl each) and 100 μmol of each probe (10 nl each). Plates were sealed and cycled at 95°C for 10 minutes, followed by 50 cycles of 95°C for 15 seconds, 58°C for 1 minute in an ABI GeneAmp PCR System 9700 thermocycler set for 9600 emulation. At the end of cycling, plates were held at 25°C until reading in a 7900 HT sequence detection system. Each plate contained controls of each genotype and no template controls. Data from plates failing any control were discarded. Manual genotype calls were done conservatively, consistent with the standards discussed in Clark et al. (13) and missing values were excluded from the analysis as detailed in Results. Aggregate indeterminate genotypes averaged 1% of total ESR1 SNPs sampled (range, 0.4–2%). Genotype tabulations and missing value details are provided as supplementary data. 9
The following SNPs were assayed in the ESR1 gene: rs851984, rs2881766, ESR1002, rs2077647, rs827421, rs9322331, rs712221, hCV1576295, rs1801132, rs1884051, rs6905370, rs926778, rs3020366, rs750686, rs2228480, rs3798577, rs910416; in the ESR2 gene: rs1255998, rs928554, rs1152579, rs4986938, rs1256049, E2EX4CorT, rs1256030, rs1271572; and in the PGR gene: rs511298, rs1042839, rs492457, rs1042838, rs2020876, rs578938, rs613120, rs566351, rs506487, rs1379130, rs3740753, PR331GORA, rs518162. These SNPs were chosen for assay based on the following criteria: (a) all nonsynonymous, splicing, and transcription factor binding site variants were examined; (b) allele frequency exceeded 10% in Caucasian samples; (c) they were available by Assay on Demand. Some novel SNPs that did not meet the frequency criteria were selected from ESR2 and PGR after resequencing. Probe and primer sequences, when available, are provided in Table 1 ⇓ ⇓ , as are detailed order numbers for Assays-on-Demand products, when applicable.
A map with SNP location details is provided as Fig. 1 ⇓ .
Statistical Methods.
SNP typing in control samples was checked for compliance with Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium with Tools For Population Genetic Analyses (TFPGA). 10 Contingency table analysis for individual SNPs was carried out with SAS (SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC), SAS/Genetics (SAS Institute, Inc.), and SPSS (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL). For haplotype estimation we used SNPhap, 11 PHASE 12 (14) , SNPEM 13 (15) , MLOCUS 14 (16) , an extension of the Clark (17) algorithm with expectation maximization (EM; ref. 18 ), and haplo.score 15 (19) . Self-assigned demography was checked with STRUCTURE. 16 Each analysis was conducted for the case–control population as a whole; stratifying by one of six ethnicities (Asian American, African American, Hispanic, Ashkenazi Jewish, Unknown, or European American) and by age (age ≤50 and age >50). To address the effect of age of menopause, a surrogate marker (age < or >50) was used. Five males with breast cancer and two male controls were included in the study, but excluded for the statistical analysis presented here. No result presented here was significantly impacted when we included or excluded these males. For the purpose of haplotype estimation, the most common alleles in the study as a whole were represented by "1" for ESR1 loci, and "A" for ESR2 loci; in addition, efforts are made to describe each haplotype by the base letter of the variants that compose it. Map coordinates provided are those from NCBI Build 33 (April 2003). 17 SNP name designations are consistent with those defined in dbSNP when possible.
The strategy used to search for statistically significant haplotypes consisted of, first, using the EM algorithm or a Bayesian model to provide haplotype estimates; second, these estimated haplotypes were used to identify htSNPs (haplotype-tagging SNPs; ref. 20 ) representing a minimal informative subset of SNPs in each gene of interest (21) . Haplotype-tagging SNPs for ESR1 were chosen through use of the software program PHASEpybest.py. 18 Rare haplotypes representing less than 1% of the total were deleted for the purpose of determining htSNPs. HT SNP Tester (at the same web site) was used to determine the final set of htSNPs used in the analysis, which included rare haplotypes. We used a permutation program [SNPEM (22) or PHASE 2.02 (14)] to evaluate the statistical significance of any association observed between haplotype and disease state. Schaid's program, haplo.score [Schaid et al. (19)] which uses an E-M algorithm to estimate haplotypes and then tests disease association through a general linear model, was used to verify significant associations discovered with SNPEM. For sparse data, haplo.score computes simulation P-values for all score tests of association. In addition to our htSNP work, we performed two separate haplotype association analyses on blocks of strong linkage disequilibrium in ESR1.
Case–Control Sample Description.
Breast cancer cases consisted of 1,006 female patients with histologically confirmed breast cancer who presented for treatment or consultation at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center from January 2000 through December 2001. DNA was obtained from peripheral blood samples. Information was obtained on age at time of diagnosis of breast cancer, age at donation of blood sample, histologic confirmation of breast cancer diagnosis, sex, and ethnicity. All DNA samples were permanently anonymized according to an Institutional Review Board (IRB)-approved protocol. Samples were unselected for family history or any other demographic characteristic. Control subjects were drawn from the New York Cancer Study. The New York Cancer Study is a cohort study, modeled after the Framingham study, in which 18,187 individuals were enrolled from January 2000 through December 2002 (23) . Individuals were recruited at 14 sites in the New York metropolitan area. Volunteers were recruited by advertisement targeted to an ethnically diverse community. Volunteers were all individually interviewed and filled out a questionnaire that took 1 hour. Individuals were from 30 to 65 years of age. Individuals provided informed consent for use of DNA, which was obtained from 50 cc of whole blood. Information was gathered on age, sex, personal medical history, ethnicity (by 2000 Census nomenclature), family history, substance use, reproductive history and medication use. For the cohort group, a subset of 613 subjects were chosen who were female, free of breast cancer, and with age and ethnicity annotating each sample. Other information, including all personal identifiers were permanently removed, according to instructions of participating IRBs. IRB approval for the study stipulated that no clinical information beyond case or control designation, sex, ethnicity and age could be linked to samples subsequent to anonymization for DNA analysis. Controls were age, sex, and ethnically matched to cases. In both cases and controls, DNA was extracted from peripheral blood lymphocytes with Qiagen QIAamp Blood kits (Qiagen GmbH, Hilden, Germany) and then spectrophotometrically quantitated. Human subjects research approvals were obtained at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, and an exemption was obtained at the National Cancer Institute. Among 1,626 research subjects, 7 males were excluded from the final analysis on account of their sex. The inclusion or exclusion of these males had an insignificant impact on our statistical conclusions. The female case population was composed of 927 European Americans, 388 Ashkenazi Jews, 149 African Americans, 81 research subjects of Hispanic ethnicity, 39 Asians, and 35 subjects for whom no ethnicity or race was provided.
Verification Data Set.
On completion of genotyping and analysis from the New York Academic Medical Development Corporation (NY AMDeC) study, we were provided a set of incomplete genotyping data from 298 breast cancer cases and 94 controls from a study conducted at Vanderbilt University School of Medicine. Investigators there (24) had typed five SNPs in ESR1 during the early 1990s, but have recently added to their data set. Although these investigators have now typed seven SNPs (rs2077647, rs746432, Intron 1 PvuII (which is rs2234693 or c.454–397T>C), intron 1 XbaI (which is rs9340799 or c.454–351A>G), Exon 2 codon 160, rs1801132, and rs2228480), only four (rs746432, rs2234693, rs9340799, and rs1801132) provide sufficient information to assemble 564 useful haplotypes from 282 individuals (190 cases and 94 controls).
Linkage Disequilibrium.
Both PGR and ESR2 SNPs have a large amount of linkage disequilibrium (Fig. 2B and C) ⇓ . Thus, we see a small number of haplotypes when we do frequency estimation by EM. ESR1 haplotypes indicated only moderate linkage disequilibrium in the region as represented by the D′ statistic, and more modest linkage disequilibrium as measured by a correlation coefficient (R2; Fig. 2A ⇓ ). An estimation of the total frequencies was done by EM and PHASE as described in Materials and Methods. These showed 585 haplotypes for 1,626 individuals with 17 loci. Codominant segregation of five alleles of ESR1 (rs851984, ESR1002, rs2077647, rs1801132, and rs2228480) was confirmed by screening several Centre d'Etudes du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH) families. European-American allele frequencies in the NY AMDeC study were compared with those of CEPH founders. Each was used separately for linkage disequilibrium estimation (data not shown). Our linkage disequilibrium measurements in ESR1 were consistent with those provided by Zuppan et al. (25) .
Analysis of Individual Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in ESR1.
Seventeen SNPs were typed in ESR1 with an average distance of 25,606 bp. Fifteen of these 17 variants are in the public dbSNP, whereas two are unique to Celera (hCV1576295, ESR1002). The latter is a T/G SNP identified by Celera as located in the promoter region upstream of untranslated exon 1C. It is −1831 bp from the transcription start site specified by NM_000125 as elaborated in the April 2003 (Build 33, hg15) version of the human genome map. 10 After checking Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium in each of the six sample groups (Asians, African Americans, Hispanics, Ashkenazi Jews, Unknown ethnicity, and European Americans), was carried out a two-by-two contingency table analysis on each SNP in every gene with affection status. Hardy–Weinberg compliance was obtained in each population in every control group, so long as cell numbers did not reach single digits. When cell numbers were very small, such as the Asian population, Fisher's Exact Test evidenced no violations of Hardy–Weinberg in the control population. Each population was also stratified into two age categories: age >50 and age ≤50. A comparison of the age match between cases and controls is available as supplementary data at ftp://ftp.ncifcrf.gov/pub/users/goldb/in a folder labeled CANCERRESEARCH. 9 Differences in the genotype distributions between cases and controls were tested with the χ2 test, Fisher's Exact Test, and a Monte Carlo test. Although no SNPs were differentially distributed among aggregate cases and controls in a statistically significant way, when the population was age-stratified into an age 50-and-under and an over-50 age group, three ESR1 SNPs were statistically significantly associated (with P-values ∼ 0.01, 0.001, and 0.003 by Fisher's Exact Test) with disease in the Jewish population; these are ESR1002, rs2077647, and rs827421 respectively (see Fig. 3 ⇓ ). Whereas ESR1002 is located at a putative promoter site, rs2077647 is a synonymous SNP in exon 1 often described as S10S, and rs827421 is located in intron 1. Among the Ashkenazi Jewish control subjects over age 50, 82, 43, and 57% were distributed with the more common allele, at the three SNPs, respectively; whereas 89, 56, and 45 of the cases, possess that allele. Both the 3 × 2 genotype distributions and the 2 × 2 allele distributions were statistically significant departures from that expected for these two SNPs. These SNPs implicate the region, denoted as the A/B region of the steroid hormone receptor, that encodes the ligand-dependent transactivation domain. As expected, a haplotype resulting from SNPs ESR1002 and rs2077647, which is the most common haplotype among the older Ashkenazi Jews, accounting for 50% of all haplotypes among them, 11 (T-C), is associated with an increased risk for breast cancer among Ashkenazi Jews over 50 years of age or older [odds ratio (OR), 1.706; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.213–2.399; P < 0.05 from SNPEM, for the dominant model and OR = 2.916, 95% CI 1.598–5.320 for the recessive model]. The details of the contingency tables are available as supplementary data at ftp://ftp.ncifcrf.gov/pub/users/goldb/in a folder labeled CANCERRESEARCH. 9
Typing of eight htSNP (haplotype tagging) sites, composed of rs851984, rs2881766, rs2077647, hCV1576295, rs1801132, rs6905370, rs2228480, and rs3798577 in the ESR1 locus, permitted identification of individual haplotypes associated with either an increased or a decreased risk of breast cancer (see Table 2 ⇓ ⇓ ).
Protective Haplotypes of ESR1.
Three protective haplotypes, H4, H6 and H13, evidenced a statistically significant level of protection among overall female research subjects. When only female European-American study subjects were evaluated, only H6 conferred statistically significant protection. We sought to further define the location of the statistically protective signal through two methods: (a) redefining the haplotype with a rapid redefinition feature of SNPEM, and (b) stratifying the population by age. Research subjects over 50, bearing H6, evidenced significant protection that could be localized to the first six SNPs of the eight-SNP haplotype as H6b (see Table 2 ⇓ ⇓ ). H6b was only marginally significant with the Dirichlet method in Northern Europeans. Peak significance of the protective haplotype was obtained when only the first six htSNPs were used to estimate haplotypes in the older population sample (P = 0.004). With these parameters, 1.8% of the older research subjects with a six-SNP haplotype, 112221 (G-T-T-C-C-G) provided an OR of 0.330 (95% CI, 0.136–0.799). The use of PHASE 2.02, a Bayesian haplotype estimation method, in case–control mode, affirmed the statistical significance of the association (data not shown).
Susceptible Haplotypes of ESR1.
Among all female study participants, H3 and H4 evidenced statistically significant susceptibility to breast cancer. H3 evidenced susceptibility when only older study subjects were considered. This haplotype (H3) was very rare among African Americans, and did not evidence significant susceptibility in study participants ages 50 or under. Haplotype H8: 12111111 (G-G-C-T-G-G-G-T) was not associated with an increased risk of breast cancer when the data set as a whole was considered, but was significant by two measures (P-value from SNPEM = 0.014 and P-value from haplo.score ∼0.02) when only self-identified Ashkenazi-Jewish research subjects were analyzed, although the 95% CIs encompass unity when males are excluded from the analysis [OR, 3.292; 95% CI, 0.945–11.471 (OR, 3.706; 95% CI, 1.076–12.757; P < 0.01 with males included in the analysis)]. A separate susceptible haplotype localized to five (of the eight htSNPs) distal to the protective haplotype. In this analysis, rs2077647, hCV1576295, rs1801132, rs6905370, and rs2228480 formed haplotype H2a 11221 (C-T-C-A-G) that accounted for 2.6% of the study subjects with a P < 0.001 for risk, an OR of 1.776 (95% CI, 1.001–3.152). This is consistent with a susceptible haplotype mapping to exon 4 and intron 4, which might implicate the ligand-binding domain of ERα.
We reanalyzed the ESR1 data with two blocks of SNPs in clear linkage disequilibrium for association with breast cancer, i.e., SNPs 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 as one block and SNPs 10, 11, 12, and 13 as another block for association analysis. We found some susceptibility in older European-American study participants (P < 0.05) in a haplotype of 221 or G-A-C for rs1884051-rs6905370-rs926778, but the ORs varied only between 1.4 and 1.8, with each 95% CI overlapping unity, yet with significance with the SNPEM permutation algorithm (22) preserved among older European Americans (P < 0.05). This haplotype was very rare in Jews, observed only twice, both times among cases.
Results from the Vanderbilt Validation Data Set.
One haplotype, consisting of four SNPs, from a genotype complete subset of the Vanderbilt case–control study (see Materials and Methods), provided a statistically significant association with breast cancer when analyzed with SNPEM and when ORs were computed with SNPhap and SPSS. This haplotype 1211 (C-C-A-G) provided a P-value <0.05 through comparison with a permuted distribution in SNPEM, and a P < 0.004 with Fisher's Exact Test (OR, 4.619, 95% CI, 1.378–15.481). The haplotype was present in 29 (∼ 5%) of the estimated 568 haplotypes. Among cases, 26 among 345 weighted haplotypes were 1211 (C-C-A-G); among 173 weighted control haplotypes only 3 were 1211 (C-C-A-G). This data set and haplotype also evidenced a greater risk for breast cancer for bearers over age 50 (P < 0.01 by Fisher's Exact Test); limiting the analysis to that group demonstrated an OR of 7.9 (95% CI, 1.025–60.868). With weighted probabilities and SNPhap on subjects over age 50 to determine the haplotypes, there were 14 cases and only 1 control with this haplotype. Whether 1211 (C-C-A-G) in the Vanderbilt data set overlaps with, or is identical to, one of the haplotypes in the NY AMDeC data set cannot be determined at this time, because there is only a single SNP typed in common in the two case–control data sets (rs2077547, or S10S).
Susceptible Haplotype in ESR2 among Ashkenazi Jews.
The 388 self-identified Ashkenazi Jewish females in the study were typed for the eight markers in ESR2 at 14q23.2 described in Fig. 1 ⇓ . One haplotype, E2H1, formed from the last seven of these SNPs, AAAAAAA (T-C-G-G-T-A-C), beginning with rs1256030, manifested a statistically significant (P = 0.037) susceptibility for breast cancer (OR, 2.317; 95% CI, 1.042–5.155; see Table 3 ⇓ ). This was the third most common ESR2 haplotype among the Ashkenazi Jews tested, making up 11.7% of the predicted haplotypes. The 382 Ashkenazim in the study for whom complete genotypes were provided by TaqMan were further investigated with SNPEM. On reduction of the haplotype under investigation to the final five 3′ SNPs in ESR2, a new but related haplotype, E2H5, was statistically significant among the Ashkenazim, AAAAA, (C-G-G-T-A; P = 0.001 OR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.213–2.737). Localization of the SNPs providing the haplotype association has been possible through the use of the SNPEM permutation algorithm (Table 3) ⇓ . This implicated the four distal (3′) SNPs of ESR2 as giving rise to the significant haplotype because the exon 4 C or T polymorphism identified in this study is invariant among the Ashkenazi Jewish subjects.
These results suggest that a portion of hereditary predisposition to breast cancer can be accounted for by allele polymorphism in genes in the steroid hormone pathway. Individual differences in hormonal regulation may result from haplotypes that confer an increased risk or protection from risk of breast cancer in a subset of the population.
Although a linkage between late-onset breast cancer and ESR1 was published in 1991 (25) and several published studies find statistically significant associations between ESR1 polymorphisms and breast cancer (24 , 26, 27, 28, 29, 30) , other studies have not shown linkage or association (31, 32, 33) . Each of these studies either had a relative paucity of samples or chose only a few SNPs, with no efforts to generate haplotypes for haplotype estimation and association analysis. Recently, a breast cancer protective association was reported for a GT dinucleotide repeat polymorphism 6627 bp upstream from the transcription start site of ESR1 exon 1 in a large, ethnically homogeneous Han Chinese cohort (GT18 allele; OR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.36–0.94; ref. 29 ). Previously, that same group had reported a PvuII polymorphism in intron 1 that was associated with increased breast cancer risk (genotype pp; OR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1–1.8; ref. 30 ). Data suggest that the most frequent allele of this common PvuII polymorphism eliminates a functional binding site for transcription factor B-myb, which may, therefore, down-regulate ESR1 transcription (34 , 35) . Although we have not typed the variants described by Cai et al. (29 , 30) , the magnitude and direction of the protective effects seen by them are consistent with the haplotype data reported here.
Since the discovery of ESR2 in 1996 (36 , 37) , several groups have characterized its unique expression profile (38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44) , but few have searched for polymorphisms associated with breast cancer risk (45, 46, 47) . Five ESR2 polymorphisms have been identified in the German population (48) , among which, one, rs1256049, provided evidence for an association with anorexia nervosa. This same ESR2 polymorphism had a highly statistically significant association with ovulatory dysfunction in a Chinese population (49) . In addition, an intragenic CA repeat polymorphism in ESR2 has been associated with bone mineral density in a Japanese research subject population (50) . More recently, the Shanghai breast study group reported an ESR2 exon 7 synonymous SNP (rs1256054, L392L) as conferring increased risk of breast cancer (OR, 2.37; 95% CI, 1.18–4.77) in a robust study (47) . They hypothesized that this SNP may act as an exonic splicing enhancer. We are currently in the process of typing this SNP; although preliminary results indicate that it is quite rare and will likely be uninformative in our European-American and Ashkenazi-Jewish populations (data not shown).
We typed six intronic and 3′ SNPs in addition to six of those characterized by De Vivo et al. ( 51 : +44 C/T, +331 G/A, S344T, G393G, V660L, and H770H). As can be seen through inspection of Fig. 2C ⇓ , we found significant linkage disequilibrium throughout the PGR gene as gauged by either the D′ or R2 statistic computed for the 12 SNPs that we typed. However, we found no single SNP, nor any haplotype, that was significantly associated with breast cancer when we stratified by age, ethnicity, or both. We sought to determine why we were not able to replicate the association of the functional +331 G/A polymorphism with breast cancer risk reported by De Vivo et al. (51) . Whereas they found 87% GG at this site among their cases and 90% GG among their controls, we found 93.4% and 93% among our cases and controls, respectively; and whereas they found 87% of this same genotype among their postmenopausal cases with 90% among their postmenopausal controls, we found 93% GG and 93.2% GG among our older cases and controls, respectively. We sought to determine whether this disparity could be explained by demographic differences between the Nurses Health Study participants, polled by De Vivo, and our research subjects by stratifying our results by both ethnicity and age. This analysis of +331 G/A genotypes in cases and controls also yielded no association.
This study has several limitations inherent in its study design. To gain IRB approval, we permanently anonymized DNA samples after collection of a minimum clinical annotation. Thus, it is not now possible to retrospectively examine clinical or demographic records to examine additional potential confounding variables, such as endogenous or exogenous estrogen exposure and other environmental variables. To address the effect of age of menopause, we used a surrogate marker (age < or >50).
Second, our study, although among the largest to date, still lacks statistical power to come to firm conclusions concerning the relationship of ESR1, ESR2, or PGR SNPs or haplotypes with respect to the specific populations tested. Our genotyping adhered to reproducibility and control standards published elsewhere (13) , and we meet recently published genotyping standards (52) . In addition, we demonstrated haplotype segregation in the CEPH families on the five initial SNPs provided by Celera and tested and obtained Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium in each of our control populations, even although some were quite small.
Although we made an effort to verify our findings in an independent data set, this additional analysis was also underpowered. Nonetheless, the Vanderbilt verification data set confirmed the existence of an ESR1 risk haplotype, which includes the aforementioned PvuII SNP, although it may not be precisely the same haplotype identified in the NY AMDeC study or the Shanghai breast cancer study.
With regard to the statistical limitations inherent in our study design, we used a variety of methods of imputing haplotypes to provide evidence for statistically significant disease associations. Whereas Nyholt (53) has emphasized a critical need for multiple test corrections in disease association studies to avoid Type I error, Krawczak et al., (54) and others (55 , 56) have questioned the overzealous application of the Bonferroni (57) correction. In an attempt to avoid potential errors in inference about associations stemming from the method of determination of haplotypes, we applied several different haplotype inference procedures. We observed that the methods found the common haplotypes accurately, but there was some disagreement in the rare haplotypes. With a variety of methods, some assuming underlying normal distributions, others being permutation based and still others being Bayesian, we have found similar haplotype frequencies in the genes under investigation. Such methods include those of Fallin et al. (15) and Fallin and Schork (22 , 58) , whose haplotype assignment, affection status permutation algorithm has been adopted by Schaid et al. (19) and modified by Stephens and Donnelly (59) . These methods (22) use EM haplotype estimations, which assume compliance with Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, whereas Stephens' Gibbs sampling algorithm bases haplotype estimations on existent allele frequencies. In all cases of significant association between haplotypes and breast cancer risk, these methods provided consistent haplotype inferences.
Using a variety of statistical and laboratory methods, we have discovered and validated the presence of common polymorphisms in three sex steroid hormone receptor genes. These candidate genes for disease association analysis have functional significance for the etiology under study and, therefore, cannot be thought of as impartially selected for statistical association testing. With cases and controls from the same geographical area and matched for age, we analyzed patterns of linkage disequilibrium and affection trait association with these genetic variants. We were able to define ESR1 haplotypes that conferred significant association with breast cancer risk in a North American population. Whereas the "protective" alleles that have been identified are quite rare in the populations studied, and their overall contribution to disease may be quite small, this analysis of SNP genotypes provides a means to associate variants in steroid hormone receptor genes and the breast cancer phenotype. Continued study of haplotypes of candidate genes in the steroid hormone receptor signal transduction pathway will provide additional insight into the biology of breast neoplasia.
The authors thank Drs. Vanessa Clark and Daniele Fallin for helpful comments on the statistical analysis. Drs. Robert Stephens and Matthew Stephens graciously provided recompiled software. The authors would like to acknowledge the New York Cancer Project, which, in connection with the publication of this study, made available biological samples from and information on control individuals. The New York Cancer Project is administered and funded by AMDeC Foundation, Inc. The content of this publication does not necessarily reflect the views of the Department of Health and Human Services, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the United States Government.
Grant support: Funded in whole or in part with federal funds from the Center for Cancer Research of the National Cancer Institute and the NIH under contract NO1-CO-12400, the Barbara Goldsmith Foundation, The Lymphoma Foundation, The Frankel Foundation, and the Academic Medicine Development Company. The New York Cancer Project is administered and funded by AMDeC Foundation, Inc.
The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked advertisement in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.
Requests for reprints: Bert Gold, Human Genetics Section, Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Building 560, Room 21-21, Frederick, MD 21702. Phone: (301) 846-5098; Fax: (301) 846-1909; E-mail: goldb{at}ncifcrf.gov
↵8 Genetic loci are identified in this publication as ESR1, ESR2 and PGR consistent with Human Genome Organization (HUGO) guidelines. ERα, ERβ and PgR refer to the respective peptide products.
↵17 http://genome.ucsc.edu.
↵18 Written by Ross Lazarus at http://www.innateimmunity.net.
↵9 ftp://ftp.ncifcrf.gov/pub/users/goldb/ in a folder labeled CANCERRESEARCH.
↵10 Authored by Dr. Mark P. Miller (Mark.Miller{at}cnr.usu.edu; Utah State University, Logan, UT) and available from the web page http://bioweb.usu.edu/mpmbio/ or by writing to the author.
↵11 By David Clayton (david.clayton{at}cimr.cam.ac.uk; Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, United Kingdom), downloaded from http://www-gene.cimr.cam.ac.uk/clayton/software/.
↵12 Written by Matthew Stevens (stephens{at}stat.washington.edu; University of Washington, Seattle, WA) and available from his web site, http://www.stat.washington.edu/stephens/software.html.
↵13 Written by Dr. Nicholas Schork and M. Daniele Fallin, and obtained from dfallin{at}jhsph.edu
↵14 Obtained from Dr. Jeffrey C. Long (longjc{at}umich.edu; University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI).
↵15 The R-version of haplo.score was authored by Dr. Daniel J. Schaid (schaid{at}mayo.edu; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN).
↵16 Authored by Dr. Jonathan Pritchard (pritch{at}uchicago.edu; The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL) and available at his web site, http://pritch.bsd.uchicago.edu/software.html.
- Received April 9, 2004.
- Revision received October 1, 2004.
- Accepted October 6, 2004.
- ©2004 American Association for Cancer Research.


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Chevrolet Winter Driving and Preparedness Tips
- 2018 Chevrolet Traverse
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- 2018 Chevrolet Traverse
What To Do When Behind The Wheel
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- 2018 Chevrolet Traverse
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