text:
Above: Patsy Dalton
(Photo: James Fennell)
They say the sleán is as scarce as the corncrake in West Limerick these days. But should you chance to be in the vicinity of Athea during the springtime, you might yet espy a handful of men who still head out to the bogs to harvest the turf with their brawny shoulders and razor-sharp sleáns. And if one of them is sporting a moustache, a pipe and a denim flap cap, you're almost certainly looking at Patsy Dalton.
Patsy's skill at the ancient art of turf-cutting is genetic. His late father was one of the most noted bogmen in the county. Patsy also possesses some of the warrior spirit of his ancestor Sir Walter D'Aliton, a Norman horseman who came to Ireland with Strongbow in the 12th century AD. During the religious upheavals of the 17th century, a Catholic branch of the family was pushed south into the barren bogs of West Limerick.
Patsy's grandfather Michael "Cooper" Dalton hailed from Athea and probably descended from this branch.[i] He was an accomplished cooper who specialized in making 'mate barrels' for storing bacon following the killing of the pig, as well as churns for making butter and small barrels, called firkins, for transporting the butter to the Cork Butter Market.
Patsy's late father Mick, one of eight children, was born in Glenbawn in 1913 and worked as a block-layer for the building contractor Jimmy Reidy. [ii] Mick was also an exemplary turf cutter and Patsy recalls how his father's stride became utterly reinvigorated every March as the turf-cutting season approached. He had a bank on the Blane Bog between Athea and Glin and indeed that is the very same bank that Patsy cuts today. The road leading into the bog was constructed in 1942, providing considerable local employment. As the war in Burma was dominating newspaper headlines at the time, the locals christened it 'The Burma Road.' Blane Bog is sometimes called 'The Burma' and is the subject of a popular poem by Thomas J. O'Donoghue of Drumrisk.
Like his father Patsy keeps his swathe of bog in good order, the sides level, the base water-free. He works with a sleán to create even, rectangular sods of turf which he spreads alongside the bank. He then transfers the sods to a timber bog barrow which he wheels out to the road. When he started, the bogs were black with people harvesting throughout the spring months. There were at least three men – and maybe five or six - on every bank. At tea breaks, stories, yarns and fibs drifted through the air. One or two of the men might sing. Tim Joe Riordan, one of Patsy's closest friends, could deliver a powerful rendition of Jack Riordan's 'Lovely Athea,' a ballad lamenting the execution of local hero Con Colbert after the Easter Rising of 1916. Otherwise the predominant sound was the sleáns slicing through the turf, with maybe a lark or a swallow or a cuckoo whistling in the distance.
Patsy, one of three children, was born at the Green Lawn Hospital in Listowel on a snowy December morning in 1950. He grew up in the same low-lying white-washed roadside cottage where he lives today. He reckons the building has been there for over two hundred years. In his childhood, part of the house was occupied by a country shop. Mrs Casey, who ran the shop, sold tea, sugar, cigarettes, bread and paraffin oil but closed it down when the supermarket opened in Athea in 1969. Families from throughout the district would bring their eggs to Mrs. Casey's shop from where they would be collected by lorry and taken off to places like O'Neill's bakery in Abbeyfeale.[iii]
Like many families, the Daltons kept their own pigs, slaughtering one in the autumn and another in the spring. 'It takes three months to fatten a pig,' Patsy advises. 'You'd give him all the small potatoes and the waste so it wouldn't cost you anything to feed him.' On the appointed day, the pig would be killed with a mallet and hung up on a ladder. Once its brains and innards were removed, the pig was cut into pieces on the kitchen table, salted with a knife and placed in a barrel of water for the season ahead.[iv] 'The nicest pig of all is a young sow after the first litter,' says Patsy. 'That gives you the loveliest streaky bacon.' His mother also made a spicy black pudding, the memory of which still makes Patsy's mouth water.
Local tradition dictated that on the day the pig was killed, the children of the family would go around to the neighbours, offering up the best parts. 'You started with the two hams and they were nearly gone by the time you got home,' says Patsy. 'And you gave away all the best of the lean meat too. We were feeding maybe sixteen neighbours at that time.' However, as everyone had pigs which they reared and slaughtered, the good meat came full circle when the neighbours children came a-calling.
In those days, wild goose was a particularly popular specialty. When geese were flying low, the people would lure them into V-shaped pits, laden with wheat, sunk into their small fields. Once in the trap, the goose could not escape and so, as Patsy says, 'you'd have goose for dinner that night which made a nice change from the bacon.'
Perhaps it was the spiced black pudding and the wild geese that stirred Patsy's culinary instincts. After he left school in Ballyguiltenane, which he hated, he made his way to Copsewood College, a secondary school outside the village of Pallaskenry, County Limerick, run by the Salesians of Don Bosco. The school includes an agricultural college where Patsy studied from 1970 until 1979. For the last five of those eight years he also worked as a cook in the college kitchens, providing food for nearly 270 students.[v]
In 1979, Patsy bade the Salesians adieu and made his way to Tralee, County Kerry, where he worked with Burlington Industries, an American company that specialized in the manufacture of a new washable polyester and wool blend called Burlana. Shortly after his arrival, the company began expanding into denim apparel fabrics and, as the age of Levi 501's and Wranglers began to dawn across the Western world, so Patsy began making denim rolls 'a mile in length' which they packed into containers and sent back across the Atlantic. His denim cap is something of a nod to this era.
In 1982 Patsy left Burlington to help complete the billion-dollar Aughinish Alumina refinery on Aughinish Island, which lies in the River Shannon. Completed the following year, this was the largest construction project in Europe at the time, employing up to 6,500 workers. It is said the money generated for the region put a washing machine in every house in west Limerick. 'It was a big job but great money,' agrees Patsy.
However, he warns there may be a serious price to pay for the refinery. With millions upon millions of tons of toxic red sludge being pooled in a series of containment tanks alongside the Shannon, it is difficult not to conceive of a disaster similar to that which struck the River Danube when the aluminium refinery in Hungary burst in 2010. And for anyone who maintains that the pools at the Russian-owned Aughinish refinery are secure today, bear in mind that Aughinish used to be a peninsula. In 1755, a freak earthquake in Portugal sent a tsunami crashing up the Shannon which tore Aughinish away from the Irish mainland.
When he finished at Aughinish, Patsy went to work in the bogs, harvesting the peat with his sleán from early morning until the sun went down. 'We were always looking for gold but we never feckin' found any,' he laughs. 'Someone got a lump of bog butter one time. It's meant to have been buried there for a thousand years and still edible! But I wouldn't try it in an omelette.'
With thanks to Bernard Stack and Tom Donovan.
All four 'Vanishing Ireland' books are available via Turtle's Amazon page at http://astore.amazon.com/wwwturtlebunb-20
[i] Mick Connors Dalton, Patsy's grandfather, died in 1958. Patsy's family are known as the Woulfe Daltons to distinguish them from other Daltons in the area.
Patsy does not believe he is related to James Dalton for whom Dalton Street in Athea is named. James Dalton was an engineer at the Limerick Gas Works with strong Sinn Fein connections. One evening in May 1920, he was gunned down on his way home to dinner by a gang of nine armed men.
[ii] The last of Mick's eight siblings died in 2010. His brother Jack and sister Bessie were in Birmingham. Another sibling married into the Mourne Abbey Bar in Mallow.
[iii] People used to bring eggs and everybody made money from it. The lorry from the Castlemahon chicken factory used to gather up all the eggs. It was a collection point. And they would also sell the old hens. Bakeries also bought the eggs. 'Eggs was an awful commodity that time, from August until Christmas. Everyone had a garden with cabbage, turnips and spuds.
[iv] There'd be a big barrel of water in the yard and you'd kill him with a mallet. Then you take out his brains and that was it. Put him up on the table, then hang him up on the ladder and clear him out, slit him straight down through the centre and clear him out. Then start cutting him up into pieces on the table, salt him with a knife and into the barrel for the winter, and then you'd do another in the spring for the summer. It took 3 months to fatten a pig. He would be given all the small potatoes and the waste so it didn't cost you at all. People didn't smoke the bacon. 'But the rule here in Ireland now is that you can't kill a pig. You are in Germany but here you have to get it done professionally. That's health and safety for you.'
[v] The school slaughtered their own meat for a long time until a law came in 1973 that you had to be certified to slaughter, so they got the butcher to do it.


text: Many of these pages are now designed using XML and so it is ever more important that applications and information data is structured to work with XML.\n\nThe subsequent evolution was from XML to XML-RPC, which essentially enableddevelopers to connect two formerly unrelated fields, it varies from RPC inthat it employs an XML and HTTP protocol to carry a request on the network, as opposed to binary protocol of RPC.\n\nOne of the first such implementations is most likely XML-RPC. Using a bird's-eye view, XML-RPC is similar to regular RPC, nonetheless the binary protocol employed to transport the request on the network has been substituted with XML and HTTP. XML-RPC will also support arrays and structures (known asrecords) through the array and struct elements.\n\nLastly, through the development of RPC and XML-RPC we arrived at SOAP, as aresult of many weaknesses of the methods, a new process was needed to transfer data to web applications.\n\nAfter considerable co-operation between IBM and XML RPC developers, the protocol was enhanced and upgraded to SOAP, this new protocol is quite powerful and it also broadens the field to cover applications aren't properly described as remote procedure calls.\n\nIf you are handling XML and SOAP, additionally you can begin using development tools like Liquid XML Studio ([URL]http://www.liquid-technologies.com/xml-studio.aspx[/URL]) to produce your code, this has an added advantage of being able to employ extensive libraries along with code validation, perfect when you expect to produce hundreds or thousands of lines of code.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
SAP S/4HANA ROI case study: Apparel Company
A large apparel company deployed SAP S/4HANA as part of an enterprise-wide technology transformation that allows the company to consolidate its infrastructure to a single global instance. The company reduced the overall cost of its enterprise software by over 35 percent by moving its environment to the cloud as well as eliminating or redirecting 80 percent of its information technology personnel. By centralizing its accounting system with S/4HANA, the company was able to repurpose many of its accounting staff to more strategic roles, as well as improve its logistics operations.


text:
Food truck catering for your next event. Fast, easy and delicious. Book it here.Get Started
Roll On In is rolling in the good flavor and the good vibes, all rolled up into one delicious roll: the sushi burrito. Far be it from them to claim to have invented it, but honestly, they're the best you're gonna find in Dayton, hands down. But keep your hands up, and free, because the only place they need to be is wrapped around one of these delicious roll ups.
At Roll On In, you're being treated to a fully customizable food experience all rolled into one. First, choose how you'd like to roll down, from a burrito wrapped in seaweed to a bowl filled with your choice of rice or fresh mixed greens for a salad. Next, choose how much meat you'd like, single, double, or even triple the flavors. And what flavors they've got: from teriyaki chicken to spicy salmon, tempura shrimp, and even crab salad. Finally, fill 'er up with a bevy of fresh vegetables, and finish it off with their homemade sauces. That's it, but it's so much more than that. Because they're committed to making this a wholly refreshing experience, using the freshest quality ingredients to craft a menu full of fresh eats on the streets. So what are you waiting for? Hit the pavement in Lebanon, Dayton and beyond to find Roll On In. Trust us. Ohio's never had a better food truck.
No upcoming events currently listed.


text:
Perfect combination of super cities! Visit the fascinating city of Cairns, the perfect place for merry revelers, passionate divers and adrenaline junkies. Up next go to Adelaide, once considered a sleepy city, Adelaide is undergoing a rapid transformation with a burgeoning small-bar scene, world-class art and music. Then comes Melbourne, the second most popular city in Australia, where you can discover numerous gardens and parks and enjoy the region`s slow food, fine wine and spectacular scenery. Last but not least is Nadi, one of the largest towns and most visitors' first stop on Fiji. This is a truly incredible experience you won't want to miss.
The package rates displayed are your total price per person based on Double Occupancy and your Arrival Date and Number of Night selected. You can change details after selectig your travel date.
Your Preferred Major Airport:
close [X]
close [X]
close [X]
Subscribe to our mailing list
and receive our latest deal!
Receive the latest deals for travel to Asia, Europe, Hawaii and Latin America.
Receive the latest deals for travel to Europe.


text:
A tree-killing beetle, one that the City of Winnipeg has been preparing for over the past decade, has arrived.
The first tree known to be infected by the emerald ash borer has cropped up in St. Boniface.
The EAB attacks and kills all species of ash trees and puts the city at risk of losing 30% of its boulevard and park trees, valued at $437 million, over a 10-year span.
"While emerald ash borer will have a significant impact on our urban tree canopy, the City has been preparing for its arrival for over a decade," said city forester Martha Barwinsky in a release on Thursday. "We are ready to respond."
A report outlining how to manage the beetles and the costs associated with that will be brought forth to city council.
One of the plans would be to inject the trees on public properties with a botanical pesticide to preserve them for as long as possible.
Winnipeg is partnering with the Canadian Food Inspection Agency to try and find out how the EAB got to Winnipeg. The EAB was first introduced to North America from China.
The city will begin surveillance work next month in the St. Boniface area. The city says that written notices will be provided to homeowners where crews need to enter private property.
"EAB beetles are generally dormant over the winter, so the next few months are the ideal time for us to conduct our surveying work and make preparations," Barwinsky said.
The city says residents can help prevent the spread of EAB by doing things like not moving firewood, burning firewood where you buy it and plant a variety of tree species to increase diversity.
Additionally, people are encouraged to learn how to identify an ash tree and the signs and symptoms of EAB.


text:
Game 106, Astros at Mariners – Another Bullpen Addition: Welcome, Zach Duke
James Paxton vs. Gerrit Cole, 7:10pm
Before we get to today's game – a game featuring an absolute can't-miss pitching match-up – we need to address the day's biggest news, which is that the M's have acquired lefty reliever Zach Duke from the Minnesota Twins. The out-of-it Twins have been taking offers on their pitching staff, from starters like Jake Odorizzi to closer Fernando Rodney, but the M's went after lefty specialist Duke, who's a free agent at the end of the year and having a solid season. The return is A-ball 1B Ryan Costello, who's having a solid season in the Midwest League, and AA starter Chase De Jong, who came over from the Dodgers org before 2017 and who pitched at three levels, making the big club for 7 games including 4 starts.
De Jong had been the Texas League pitcher of the year in 2016, so it was odd that he struggled so mightily in AAA. Sure, as a command-and-control guy, he was facing better competition and a much different scoring environment, but he posted an ERA of 6 and a FIP even higher than that. He struggled in the big leagues, too, and eventually got moved down to AA – back to the Texas League. Where he continued to struggle. Things have gone much better in 2018, as he's repeating the Texas League yet again, but at this point it's fair to say something isn't working, and I'm glad the M's were able to get some value here. De Jong seems like a perfect change-of-scenery candidate, so not a bad flyer for the Twins to take, but I keep thinking his ceiling is pretty limited. The odds of him reaching it here were minimal, so hey, nice move.
Ryan Costello was a 31st-rounder in 2017 out of Coastal Carolina, and the 1B hit very well in the Arizona League after signing. Skipping over the Northwest League, Costello's more than held his own in the pitcher-friendly Midwest League this year, thanks to a walk rate north of 10% and solid-but-not-remarkable power. As a 22-year old 1B, he's going to have to keep this up for a while to be a big time prospect, but he's done far, far more than you'd ever expect from a 31st rounder. I tend to think the game's missed a bit on bat-first 1B types, as it's easy to say that the position demands so much production at the plate, but, uh, the position *really does* demand a ton of production at the plate. He's done that to this point, but his average may be a concern. All in all, another solid lottery ticket for the Twins, and a great job by the M's that he'd performed well enough to be included in a deal for Duke.
Unlike Sam Tuivailala, Duke really is an effective situational reliever. His sinker's his primary fastball, and while it's only 88 MPH, it gets exceptional sink, and it's a big reason why Duke's able to produce high ground ball rates. He's traditionally relied on a curve as his out pitch, but he also mixes in a slider, and he's got a change-up when asked to face righties. After a down year in 2017, he's again striking out over 1/4 of the lefties he faces, and more importantly, he's allowed only 1 HR to a lefty…since 2015, a span of more than 200 PAs against southpaws. Compared to, say, Marc Rzepczynski, Duke's FB has more sink, and he gets more two-plane break on his slider. He's got the deeper repertoire overall. Hence, his far superior projections at this point. Yes, comparing him to a DFA'd guy isn't a high bar to clear, but there are some obvious similarities. It's just that Duke's been a bit better overall, and will likely remain so. (It's *also* because the M's just signed Rzepczynski on a minor league deal.) This isn't a game-changing move, but it's a solid addition in an area of need. M's relievers have been the best group on the club over the past 30 days, as the hitting's been non-existent and the starters have been all over the map. But the M's have to avoid overworking some of their guys, or they'll get a repeat of the bullpen swoons of 2017 and 2016. Adding Duke should help with that.
They'll need it, because they're facing a tough stretch of games here. The next two nights, the M's will face Gerrit Cole and Charlie Morton, #9 and #20 in fWAR, and #2 and #8 in K% among qualified pitchers. For an offense that's reeling a bit, that's a tough assignment. The good news, if there is any, is that the M's don't seem as likely to strike out as many of the other line-ups Cole/Morton face. Cole was absolutely red hot when the M's saw him in April, but he K'd only 5 on that day…not that the M's could do anything with the balls they put in play. But still: Cole's got an absolutely terrible career K rate against this line-up, and that includes Dee Gordon and Jean Segura, who've faced him a combined 46 times, and struck out once each. He's only struck out three players more than once in his career, and he's not going to see any of them tonight: James Paxton, Mike Leake, and Andrew Romine. Yes, most of these at-bats came back when he was a sinkerballing pitch-to-contact guy, but again, the 5 Ks he had against the M's in April are tied for his single game low this year. Am I kind of reaching here? Yeah, maybe, but if you put it in play, you've got a chance. Still, this match-up puts a lot of pressure on Paxton to be perfect or near perfect. That's a lot to ask for a guy coming off the DL, though we'll see if the rest helps his velocity and stuff, or if he's rusty and missing his spots.
Lots of talk today on the radio and on twitter about the M's upcoming decision regarding Felix Hernandez. Do they move him to the pen? DL him with a phantom injury and tell him to work on something? Move him? I've been one of Felix's biggest fans since this blog dubbed him King Felix about 15 years ago, but I understand the M's dilemma here. What I don't understand is why the org can't help him make the kinds of changes that have rejuvenated guys who've been even worse in recent years: James Shields, Derek Holland, or hell, Charlie Morton. No one's asking for a version of Felix that throws 98 again. But to watch the org trash Felix or blame him and not *help him improve* has been frustrating. Yes, it takes two sides, and if Felix steadfastly refuses to change anything, believing he's above such demands, that'd be one thing. But everything we've seen suggests that he is: he changed his FB approach when the team asked him to. He revamped his offseason workouts. He's been willing to listen; the M's just need to give him something actionable that will help. I don't know what that thing is, but someone there must have some ideas. His slider and curve often melt into each other, reducing the effectiveness of both. His sinker's lost all trace of deception against lefties, who are absolutely teeing off on the thing. It's still somewhat playable against righties, but he's going to have to change his pitch mix AND work on disguising all of his pitches a bit better. But that's all doable. Really good teams are doing these kinds of mechanical tweaks on the fly all the time.
I understand that the margin for error is now limited. But the M's need to understand that putting all of the onus on Felix to improve or…else is not only a bad look, it's counterproductive. The M's have made it clear they're not looking at other starters, and now with a lefty and righty situational reliever, they're bullpen should be just about complete. If the M's had a premium SP prospect beating down the door, that'd be one thing. Instead, they've got Rob Whalen and a mostly-healthy Erasmo Ramirez who was destroyed in the handful of innings he's pitched this year. You help Felix be the best version of himself he can be, or you run the risk of losing the wild card. Personally, I'd doubt that trashing him publicly and saying that Jerry/Scott Servais will have to talk through his role going forward is the best way to motivate him, but they're obviously closer to the situation than I am. I just think that removing him is an admission of failure, a failure that goes far beyond Felix's on-field performance. Great players fade away all the time – I know it, and I'm not being sentimental here. I'm disappointed that an organization who's invested *so much* in mental and physical training, who's bet on their own ability to motivate and coach, either can't get through to their franchise icon, or doesn't know what to tell him.
1: Gordon, 2B
2: Segura, SS
3: Span, LF
4: Cruz, DH
5: Haniger, CF
6: Gamel, RF
7: Healy, 1B
8: Zunino, C
9: Romine, 3B
SP: Paxton
Ooookay, so I didn't *think* Cole would get to face Romine, but I guess he does. Apologies for the bad guess.
Erasmo's making another rehab start for the Rainiers tonight in New Orleans, as he squares off against the Babycakes' Jeff Brigham, a Federal Way and University of Washington product. A former 4th-round pick, Brigham's been great when healthy, but has suffered a barrage of injuries that have limited his innings.
The M's have made a series of moves with another trade (for RHP Adam Warren) and with Paxton coming off the dL. Vogelbach's back to AAA. Gordon Beckham's been DFA'd. The M's brought up IF Zach Vincej, at least until the trade acquisitions arrive. All of this has put some pressure on the Rainiers roster. Mike Curto just tweeted that they have only 9 position players eligible to play tonight – including three catchers.
11 Responses to "Game 106, Astros at Mariners – Another Bullpen Addition: Welcome, Zach Duke"
Stevemotivateir on
July 30th, 2018 7:01 pm
I'm perfectly okay with the price paid for these guys, but it would be good to see them land Domingo Santana, or any other credible outfielder, to give the lineup a boost. I suppose we'll see Ramirez stretched out to address the rotation, but an external option would be welcomed. How to do that without getting burned is beyond me.
Nice to see the Astros stuff their integrity in their back pocket for a better chance at another set of rings.
mksh21 on
July 30th, 2018 7:21 pm
I would like to see a trade that results in Denard Span not hitting third.
mksh21 on
July 30th, 2018 7:38 pm
Since MLB's replay rules run the length of a Russian novel, I don't feel like plowing their personal conduct rules. If Osuna is eligible for post season play that's a great deal for them.
Stevemotivateir on
July 30th, 2018 7:46 pm
^Osuna being eligible for post season play for beating his wife, while Cano isn't eligible for taking a banned substance, makes zero sense. Neither should be eligible.
Osuna hasn't even had his day in court.
mksh21 on
July 30th, 2018 8:02 pm
Depends on your point of view I guess. One affects the actual game the other doesn't. Now that there is an actual penalty for using I look at it like football where they serve the suspension and carry on, but booting them for post season makes some sense.
I'd prefer to see a conviction before suspension in off the field stuff. I don't even know if he admitted what he did, I stopped following what these guys do off the field other than the headlines you can't avoid.
mksh21 on
July 30th, 2018 8:05 pm
If Cole gets through Gordon and Segura eeking out an infield single third time through this is looking like no hitter territory. I'm still stunned this appears to be the line-up we are going to go with.
Stevemotivateir on
July 30th, 2018 8:40 pm
Depends on your point of view I guess. One affects the actual game the other doesn't.
Both are violations of the rules and damaging to the integrity of the game. A domestic violence case like this absolutely affects the game. On-field performance means little.
Regarding a conviction, let me share a quote from Luhnow: "We are confident that Osuna is remorseful, has willfully complied with all consequences related to his past behavior, has proactively engaged in counseling, and will fully comply with our zero tolerance policy related to abuse of any kind."
Does that sound like he's not guilty, which he will apparently plea? And if there was a shred of a chance of innocence, then how in the hell did MLB get away with the second longest suspension ever issued over a domestic violence case?
The real kicker here is that Luhnow welcomed him while citing their zero-tolerance policy. He couldn't look like a bigger hypocrite.
mksh21 on
July 30th, 2018 9:27 pm
Im talking about the actual game played between the lines not "The Game" as an institution. Taking PED's affects every thing you do on the field. Whether or not you are felon has no effect on balls and strikes. The Mariners drafted a rapist once and denied knowing about it, but I'm not going to stop following them. Some people don't care if the use PED's I do, however what they do off the field I have zero interest in good or bad.
I'm stunned at this game so far. Pleasantly. Nice to see some other teams missing key players for once.
Stevemotivateir on
July 30th, 2018 10:01 pm
^Well, duh.
Stevemotivateir on
July 31st, 2018 5:36 am
The rapist you're thinking is Josh Lueke and he was aquired via trade, then traded again quickly after the backlash.
As I stated above, on-field performance means little here, where it be PED's or assault. Policies are in place to protect the itegrity of the game.
Stevemotivateir on
July 31st, 2018 9:42 am
*Whether it be. Love auto-correct.
At least we got the win it's Houston who will have to deal with any backlash.
Leave a Reply
You must be logged in to post a comment.


text:
From his book The Two Truths Debate (which is available for free here):
"Gorampa argues that ultimate truth is ontologically unconditioned, and hence it is not a dependently arisen phenomenon; it is distinct from empirical phenomenon in every sense of the word...it is an absolutely timeless and eternally unchanging phenomenon" (73).
And Thakchoe reminds us that Mipham, the eminent Nyingma-Dzogchen proponent, is in agreement with Gorampa on this (42). In footnote 170 Thakchoe says: "Mipham not only attempts to show that ultimate truth is the only truth but also takes one step further to show that ultimate truth is an absolute, therefore truly existent" (188).
For more discussion on the topic see the IPS Batchelor thread.


text:
Product Description
Museum Masters by means of Museum High quality are Published on an excessively Sturdy Swiss Linen material, stretched round a three/four" stretching Body. Each and every Artwork piece comes with Published Body giving the Glance of Museum High quality framed Artwork as pictured. Masters Artwork and museum Body Published in Prime definition handing over Superb readability. Embellish your house or place of work or make it a superior reward for any instance. Sizes are general which incorporates the broadcast Body round Artwork in size, precise art work symbol dimension isn't published as the broadcast frames range in width. Each and every piece contains a normal hanger for simple handy wall putting.
Masters Artwork and Museum Body Published In combination on Linen in Prime Answer
Swiss Linen Wraps Ship Superb Main points in Masters Art work and Create a Actual Body Glance.
Museum Wrapped on a three/four" deep Stretcher Bar Body
Create your individual Museum Wall with a Choice of MuseumWrapz
Very Sturdy, Fade Evidence and Scratch Resistant. MADE IN USA – With Prime High quality Fabrics.


text:
VFN Holds Largest Gathering Of Teenage Girls In Osun, Empowers Them
A non governmental organisation based in Osun state, Value Female Network (VFN) has held the second edition of its annual Adolescent Boot Camp where it trained and empowered over 350 girls across Osun state for three days.
The 3-day boot camp programme designed for the teenage girls that included in and out of school girls, hard to reach areas in the state and communities with high prevalence of Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) started fully on Friday, November 23 and ended on Sunday, November 25.
At the camp, FGM was extensively dealt with as the participants unanimously agreed to commence strong advocacy against the deadly practice.
The young female participants called for the stoppage of FGM saying it has no benefit.
Tagged "Her Roles In Sustainability (HEROES), the boot camp exercise was held at the premises of Baptist High School, Gbodofon, Osogbo.
Addressing journalists at the grand finale of the camp on Sunday, the Executive Director of VFN, Costly Aderibigbe said out of the 350 adolescent girls that participated at the programme, about 200 of them were camped while others joined activities from their respective homes.
She said the programme was birthed to empower and train the girls, free of charge, on how to be useful in the society, know their rights, get empowered with life and vocational skills and be exposed to Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights information including Sustainable Development Goals.
According to Aderibigbe, over 50 volunteers had been trained on how to handle the girls during the camping exercise before the youthful volunteers arrived camp on Thursday, November 22, 2018 to get the hostels, halls and others things ready for the arrival of the participants the next day.
" When the participants arrived camp on Friday, November 23, they moved to the registration stand where volunteers attended to them before they occupied the halls for events of the day. The participants were fed free of charge throughout the three day boot camp.
"After the participants introduced themselves, they were engaged on career talks where a team of professionals including a medical doctor, lawyer, engineer and community development worker addressed them and gave them insights on how they can advance their career and dream courses at the tertiary institutions of learning.
The participants were elated as they were given the opportunities to ask questions. Another speaker, Ayo Bello spoke on " Roles of Girls in Ending Female Genital Mutilation (FGM).
Also speaking on "Ending FGM in Nigeria, Osun State as a Case Study," Mr. Ademola Adex, founder of VARCE NGO, bemoaned the high prevalence of female mutilation in the state and exposed the dangers of the practice to the participants.
After this session, an expert on Gender Based Violence and Sexual Reproductive Health and Right (SRHR), Elizabeth Williams took the girls on FGM advocacy training.
In order for the girls to have a more practical analysis of the topics, another speakers, Dr. Esther Somefun from the United Nations Population Funds, Nigeria, anchored a panel session in bursting the myths around SRHR using story telling tools.
To allow the girls to feel more relax and learn at the same time, a movie titled "Beyond Disability" was viewed as the participants took active roles in the movie filled with suspense and moral.
"After the participants had their morning exercise/body fitness, cleaned their hostels and took their breakfast on the second day, Saturday November 24, they resumed other activities with interactive sessions/trainings.
One of the speakers, Margaret Bolaji, a global advocate for Family Planning, 120Under40 winner and Youth advisor for Nigerian Urban and Reproductive Health, took the girls through life planning for adolescent girls.
There was a better moment of motivation and encouragement for the girls when Miss Peace Ayo Adegboola, the 16 year old girl child education advocate who addressed the girls on " Girl Child Education: Powerful Tool to End Poverty."
At this session, the participants were divided into groups where they were asked to highlight challenges facing girl child education and proffer solutions. This was done as the representative of each group read out the outcome of their group assignments.
Also, Hon Commissioner For Youths in Osun state, Hon. Mofoluke Adegboyega addressed the girls and charged the girls to ensure that they shun shun waywardness and immoral behaviours that are capable of truncating their futures.
Hon. Adegboyega appreciated the passion in VFN towards ensuring that the girl child are not neglected in the society.
Meanwhile, the girls were trained on how to defend themselves when faced with rape attempts. Training the girls on Self Defence after addressing them on Sexual Abuse and Rape, the executive director of Stand To End Rape, Osowobi Ayodeji Oluwaseun urged the participants to always avoid occasions that could make them more vulnerable to sexual assault.
Osowobi tasked the girls to always report attempts of rape and refrain from concealing the information.
The participants were exposed to Networking and how to be economically empowered by Eddy Uwoghiren, founder, Life Savers Initiative For First AID Education Nigeria. After his presentation, the girls practicalised the networking tips and asked questions of which answers were provided for.
The interesting social part of the camp was when the participants from over twenty schools in Osun dropped their books and laced their shoes for Saturday bonfire night where they had fun by dancing and engaging themselves in all sorts of decent social competitions.
The adolescent boot camp came to an end on Sunday after the participants and volunteers received their Certificates of Participation and took photographs.
Speaking with a participant from Laro Middle School, Osogbo, Precious Beauty, she said the camp impacted greatly in her and that it was highly interesting and gainful.
According to her, "I feel so delighted to be one of the girls privileged to attend this year's Adolescent Boot Camp. It has really been a great opportunity to be here . Out of the thousands of girls out there, I am privileged to benefit from this free life-transforming exercise. I want to thank VFN for impacting into me and other participants. I have learnt that the brain has no gender and that I can become what I want to be. I will forever remember this.
For another participant, Bakare Ganiyat, she would have had teenage pregnancy of not for VFN's Heroes Club that always bring into my consciousness the dangers of premarital sex and other issues surrounding the girl child.
" This adolescent boot camp is a blessing to me because the experiences, interactions and trainings were helpful. I attended the first edition of the boot camp and that was why I told myself that I would jot miss the second edition. I have networked among other participants and have known the dangers of FGM.
"I therefore want to use this medium to join my voice in saying that FGM should be stopped. It's very deadly and has no benefit for the girls. Our parents should stop cutting us," Ganiyat said.
A volunteer, Yagboyaaju Moriike shared his experience on the project saying that "I am happy to sacrifice my resources, time and energy for these girls. This is part of what I owe the society and I can't thank VFN enough for giving me the privilege to volunteer.
Another volunteer, Jennifer Anuforo said though the volunteering was tiresome, what kept her going was the excitement and gains of the camping exercise.
VFN therefore hoped that the next edition in 2019 would have close to a thousand participants as it called for supports from international organisations and philanthropic individuals.
Leave a Reply
Recent Posts
- 'I'll Name My Prince Adesoji Aderemi", Ooni Ogunwusi Vows As Family Celebrates 49th Ooni
- How I Lure And Kill Victims In My Compound – Nigerian Serial Killer, Ndubuisi Makes Shocking Confession
- Ondo 2020: NRM Aspirant, Ataunoko Picks Governorship Nomination Form
- Just In: Kwara Gov Announces Minor Cabinet Reshuffle
- Just In: Plateau Chief Of Staff Tests Positive For COVID-19


text:
Posted: 3/27/2001 1:12:45 AM EDT
I have a Tasco rubber armored scope with an intergal rail on the bottom. It does not look like weaver, but very close. the bevel is different than a weaver. I have the carry handle weaver mount, but I am missing something to connect the scope to a weaver base.
Please tell me what the missing piece is, and how to obtain one. In the Armalite catalog, there is a piece that says "Stanag to weaver converter." Is this what I need?
I have never seen a scope with a rail on the bottom side, however it came with a Colt pre-ban AR15. The scope has the Delta logo on the windage knob.
hunters Hope


text:
Hulu has officially booked a return trip to "Castle Rock" next year.
Announced this morning by the streaming service, "Castle Rock" has been renewed for a second season. The announcement comes just one week after the horror anthology series' reached the halfway point of its first season, with it set to release its sixth episode tomorrow. Creators, showrunners, and executive producers, Sam Shaw and Dustin Thomason, are set to return for the second season.
The series takes place in the same fictional universe as author Stephen King's novels, in a Maine town with plenty of references to King's work ("The Shining, "It," "Cujo," etc.), but which tells its own original story. King is an executive producer on the series, alongside J.J. Abrams and Bad Robot's Ben Stephenson.
There is currently no word on what the anthology show's second season will be about, or if any of its current cast will return for it. The first season's star-studded ensemble includes Andre Holland, Sissy Spacek, Scott Glenn, Bill Skarsgard, Jane Levy, Melanie Lynskey, and more.
While Hulu – like many of the other streaming services and online content platforms – doesn't release its official viewership numbers or "ratings," the service has been open about the success of "Castle Rock" up until this point. According to the platform, "Castle Rock" became the most successful first-season original launch in both viewer consumption and its reach with its premiere back in July, and also has the highest view-through rates of any Hulu original throughout its first and second weeks.
There's no telling if "Castle Rock" will be able to maintain that popularity and momentum throughout the rest of its first season, but the show's viewership numbers, critical reception, and online presence seems to be more than enough for Hulu to agree to continue its run.
New episodes of "Castle Rock" are released every Wednesday on Hulu.


text:
"What Women Want" or "What Women Think?"
First published on my Linkedin Profile.
Last night when flipping some channels I stumbled upon the movie "What Women Want". A story about a guy, a marketer actually, who suddenly can hear women's thoughts. What every guy would want right? Maybe not… Anyway, it also showed many things we as marketers actually run into.
I once wrote an article on movies every marketer should watch and come to think of it, this is one that could be added to the list (so I will). There are valuable lessons in there. When it comes to trying to understand your audience.
In "What Women Want" Mel Gibson is a marketer working for an advertising agency trying to 'sell' a product for women. He is good at his job. And most importantly: he makes an effort to understand women. By putting on make up, by wearing a dress, by using the products he wants to sell.
But he doesn't really 'get' women yet, even when trying on their clothes. So he goes another step and tries to picture himself as a woman. He starts imagining an ad of a beautiful woman in a bikini on the beach and then stops and says, "Wait, I'm a lesbian". At that point he realizes that he is still taking the men's perspective on the products. He is incapable of stepping away from his side of the story, from the male perspective.
See Mel Gibson trying to 'understand' women:
It is not until he starts hearing women's thoughts that he starts get a better grip on his 'target audience' (women). But even then he is still interpreting. After all: there is a difference between understanding and hearing your audience.
By listening carefully he can at least 'act' on what he hears, even if he doesn't really understands women, at least he understands what he can do to speak to them best.
Listening is one part of getting closer to your audience. It will give you a lot of information about your target audience. It will not yet make you understand them though, because that is based on interpretation. You interpret what you hear.
There is something else that is interesting as well here. Gibson can listen into the thoughts of the women; he can hear what they really think. But when he confronts them with it by asking them about the exact same thing they were thinking of, they won't say that in public. They won't admit to what they are actually are thinking.
The same thing happens often when you start asking your target audience what they want. With polls or questionnaires for example. In most cases respondents will give you the answer they think you want to hear, instead of the answer they truly think.
As a marketer trying to understand this means that looking at behavior will probably give you more insights than asking questions.
Back to the movie: maybe the title should have been 'what women think' instead of 'what women want' (altough I realise that sells less), because in most cases the women themselves don't even know what they want, just like customers and audiences. What they think however will give you more insights.


text:
Special Curated Set Celebrating Mac Miller's Music
It's been two weeks since the tragic loss of Mac Miller stunned the music world. The Pittsburgh-born rapper, singer, and producer died of an apparent overdose at the age of 26 in his Los Angeles home on September 7, 2018.
In Miller's 10+ year career, he was recognized for blending a smooth rhythm, creative lyrics, and mellow vocals. The news of his passing came not long after the release of his 5th studio album, Swimming. Publications like Rolling Stone called the album Miller's "most impactful album of his career." Although most tracks on Swimming seemed to be conceived around Miller's deep-rooted emotional struggles, they revealed a delicate balance between those struggles and hopeful determination to overcome them.
To honor this talented and artistic musician, BPM Supreme created a special Curated Set dedicated to Miller's music. Keep his memory alive by listening, sharing, and playing these tracks at your next gig.
Check out the Mac Miller Tribute Curated Set now for Premium Members or find more of his music on BPM Supreme.
Also Read: Curated Sets and New Features for Premium Members


text:
The Tracking Sheet
Some people don't have to be fiscally conservative when they purchase their HS books, and they are blessed by that. We have 3 that we purchase school books for each year and we only have Hubby's income, so we must be frugal when buying books. I came up with a spreadsheet that helped me to track my book purchases. This spreadsheet also helped me to keep track of what books I needed to hunt for and what I could re-use from the previous year. I also color coded the books that I was able to use for the whole group. I have shared a spreadsheet, that you can hopefully download if you choose to. There are formulas in the boxes that will help to tally up what you would need to spend retail, and then you can track your bargain finds. It is a nice way of showing yourself how and where you have saved money, if that is necessary for your budget.
The 'cost' column is where the sum formula is. When entering the books you need, place the current retail amount in the block. You should see the totals being tallied throughout the page. When you have your columns and spaces filled, simply type that column total in the 'retail' column. This stays static so you can chart your savings easier. As you hunt for the best deals, you will type in the deal in the correct boxes. These cost or sale totals will be tallied in that 'cost' column. It's fun watching the distance between those columns grow 😉 You can also color code the things you already have that you can re-use for another child, or books that are used for all the kids.
The Hunt
The hunt for me is so much fun!! I will open an internet window for Amazon used books, eBay, and CBD to sniff out the best deals. I search for the books I am looking for and I always keep my wish list on CBD of the books I am going to need for the next year. You can actually save a wish list on CBD for free. Once I get my ball-park cost, I keep my eye on the used side of Amazon and eBay.
eBay: When dealing with eBay, always keep in mind the shipping costs. Make sure you factor that into your amounts. When dealing in books for school, make sure the seller is shipping Media Mail. It is the cheapest option, but one of the slowest. As long as you are shipping books, that is the best option when keeping things cheap. Before you bid, make sure you have checked other sites so that you don't end up paying more than you should, getting caught up on bidding. You can also save your searches and have emails sent when that exact item is listed. I find some great deals that way. Also, keep in mind that some people don't always list things correctly. Try different spellings of the book titles and don't always look in the education listings.
Amazon: The key to Amazon's used book section is 'ask questions'. They don't generally give me enough detail in each listing for my taste. I email questions concerning markings, printing dates, cover wear, or whatever I may want to know. Asking questions is really important, but you can save so much on your school books with Amazon.
CBD: Christian Book Distributor is where all my books 'originate'. I create my wish list on their site, I get my ballpark costs there, and they regularly have the books at the cheapest rates. If you choose to sign up with an account, you get coupons throughout the summer for various things like free shipping. Shipping can add up quick with school books, especially for multiple children.
I wish you the best with your hunt!! May you find cheap books for your children 😉


text:
James Dolan threw fan out of concert for telling him to sell Knicks
New York Knicks owner James Dolan is known for being very sensitive about fans criticizing him or the team during home games at Madison Square Garden, but apparently he doesn't want to hear it at music events, either.
Dolan's latest exchange with a Knicks critic came over the weekend, when he was shown on camera banning a fan who heckled him by telling him to "sell the team." He claimed he only banned the fan because he believes the fan's intentions were to have a premeditated confrontation. A Knicks supporter who called out Dolan in a different setting is not buying the billionaire's excuse.
In response to the latest example of Dolan being thin-skinned, a man who attended a concert in Tennessee featuring Dolan's band, JD and The Straight Shot, several months ago shared a video that shows Dolan booting him from the venue because he was holding a sign that read "Quit Your Day Job. Sell the Knicks."
Here is @JDSSband response to the sign I sent you @TheFrankIsola and @NBA. The man is a bully and a fraud. He has no business being affiliated with the @nyknicks . None. pic.twitter.com/SfUTztAsZH
— Kevin DiStasio (@slickandquick) March 14, 2019
"Why are you here?" Dolan asked the fan in the middle of the show. "You're a fan of music and you're holding up that sign? Don't you think that's a little negative?"
Dolan then told the man to leave so "everyone else can have a good time." Here's what the sign looked like, for those who are wondering:
He's so full of BS. Look at what he did to me @PilgrimageFest here in TN for this sign. pic.twitter.com/JM3d6SsWCu
— Kevin DiStasio (@slickandquick) March 12, 2019
The Knicks have been terrible for years. They're one of the worst teams in the NBA this season, and they traded away their best player in Kristaps Porzingis. Dolan is even feuding with newspapers now in addition to fans, and it's fair to wonder why he doesn't sell the team. It would not be a surprise if that happens at some point in the near future.


text:
Chuao Chocolatier handcrafted milk chocolate bars introduced two new cereal bars — Cinnamon Cereal Smooch made with all natural cinnamon toast cereal and Strawberry Waffle Wild, made with real strawberries and waffle pieces — made with ethically sourced cacao. The bars contain no hydrogenated fats.
Each half bar (1.4-ounce serving) contains 210 calories, 7 grams saturated fat of (10 to 13 grams total) and 19 to 20 grams sugar.


text:
Roderic Townes
House Manager - Sanford House at John Street
Roderic (Rod) Townes loves his job as the House Manager at Sanford House at John Street for Men. He enjoys interacting with clients, making sure the house in order and and keeping his clients safe. Rod started with Sanford House as a part-time Resident Support staffer. He rolled up his sleeves and did any task that needed to be completed. He cleaned, transported clients to off-site support meetings, lent a hand and a sympathetic ear.
Rod was promoted to House Manager six months later. As a person in long term recovery, Rod finds it gratifying to share his experience, strength and hope with the men in his charge. Rod says he's allowed to be himself in his position. It never feels like a "job" or that he's wearing a "mask". In his free time, the self-styled "square" watches movies at home, goes to recovery meetings and gets together with friends to hit the local parks.
Rod says, "Sanford House has given me the best of both worlds. I have the opportunity to give hope and help as it was given to me. I'm rewarded with more than I could have hoped for…"


text:
What happens to your body in a falling elevator? Is it even possible to survive? The good news is that modern elevator technology makes these incidents extraordinarily rare. The bad news is that if you were to find yourself in an old, malfunctioning elevator… it would be bad news.
So what your body does in a falling elevator is actually pretty similar to what happens to astronauts in zero gravity, but only if the conditions are perfect. Most likely, a falling elevator won't be totally unobstructed. But if it was, you would get to experience weightlessness for a few seconds before being crushed like a bug. Because what happens to your fragile body in a falling elevator can't be undone by any "tricks" like jumping at the last second. Who do you think you are, Wile E. Coyote? Read on to learn what really happens to your body in a totally unobstructed, free-falling elevator death trap.
The G-Force On Impact Would Crush You
In the highly unlikely event that you're trapped in a totally free-falling elevator, without any of the numerous safety features found on all modern elevators, there's basically zero chance you'll survive.
Why is the scenario so hopeless? It's simple physics: an unobstructed fall from, say, nine stories up, according to the Mythbusters guys, would mean hitting the ground at roughly 53 miles per hour. That's gonna hurt: the force of this impact decapitated and ripped the arms off of Buster, the show's crash test dummy.
Lying Flat On the Floor Might Save Your Life
If you're intent on trying to survive anyway, the best bet for survival, according to Eliot Frank, a research engineer at the Center for Biomedical Engineering at MIT, is to lie on your back in the center of the elevator. Why? "This will distribute the force of impact over the greatest area of your body so that no particular part of your body is subjected to the weight of any other part of your body." If some fluke thing happens to slow the elevator down, this position could end up saving your life.
You Could Be Lacerated If Enough Debris Collects On The Elevator Floor
Even if you lay on your back, equally distributing body weight in a crashing elevator, you could still be harmed. The crashing cabin may fill with broken parts and debris during the fall. Many of those shards would be dangerous; they could even impale you. When Betty Lou Oliver fell 75 stories in a plummeting elevator, the small compartment collected an inordinate amount of debris. If she had been laying on the floor, her body would've been crushed by stray particles. The disconnected elevator cable actually coiled near the bottom of the shaft and softened her landing, though.
You Would Feel Weightless
Once the elevator begins to fall, there would be an exhilarating feeling of "weightlessness," since there would be no "force of support" on your body (this is assuming that the elevator's fall is totally unobstructed). As Dr. Rod Nave of the Department of Physics and Astronomy at Georgia State University explains, you're "accelerating downward at the acceleration of gravity" with no feelings of so-called "apparent weight." The only reason you feel the sensation of apparent weight day-to-day, notes Dr. Rod, is all that support you feel from the floor, your chair, etc. Take that support away and you'd feel "weightless" like an astronaut, which would be the last cheap thrill of your life before plunging to your death.
Time Would Appear To Move More Slowly
NASA has actually done research on what happens to the human body under sudden weightless conditions – or as they put it, "a rapid, abrupt occurrence of the absence of gravity." The first few seconds of weightlessness sounds great: "…time appears to move more slowly; and a unique insensitivity to pains and feelings of displeasure appear." NASA even says that "a certain feeling of elevated vitality and physical fitness…perhaps similar to that experienced after taking a stimulant" occurs once you get used to it, which, of course, you wouldn't have a chance to do in a free-falling elevator because you'd be crushed like a soda can.
Your Organs Would Shift Around
Just like being on a super-tall rollercoaster, the free-fall you'd experience would make your guts shift around, slightly, in your body, giving you that feeling of your stomach "dropping." The intestines are "relatively mobile," according to Dr. Brad Sagura, a surgeon at University of Minnesota's Amplatz Children's Hospital, in an interview with WCCO.
Sagura says while no one knows "with absolute certainty" what causes the "stomach drop" feeling, it's likely your organs shifting around ever so slightly, sending a message to your brain. There's also all that liquid in your organs shifting around, while the rest of your body is held in place. A rollercoaster's seatbelt or harness causes the feeling by keeping the rest of your body relatively immobile; in a free-falling elevator, it would be whatever you're holding on to, like the railing, or maybe the arm of the terrified stranger next to you.
Your Memory Shifts Gears
Neuroscientists say the fright of such a dramatic fall would cause your memory to "shift gears" and stop acting "like a sieve," which is memory's default state. In other words, during the fall, you would suddenly accumulate a ton of memories that you would normally discard. It's your brain's way of seeking out useful information to keep you alive. It's not a matter of "turbo perception" as much as it turbo memory. You don't become the Terminator, scanning the scene for information with your new supercomputer brain – you just start remembering a hell of a lot more stuff.
Jumping At The Last Second Is Basically Useless
What about jumping up at the last second? That won't help at all, unless, using the Mythbustersexample, you can somehow jump up at 53 miles per hour at precisely the right moment and somehow stop yourself before hitting the roof. You'd have to be Iron Man, basically, to survive this. But even then, there's the crushed elevator car and debris collapsing in on you to consider…
You'll Never Know What Hit You
What does it feel like to die in a free-falling elevator crash? It feels like nothing at all. As neuroscientist David Eagleman explains, our brains are so slow that we're basically "always living in the past," so falling at more than 55 miles per hour down an elevator shaft will likely be painless. As the Mythbusters test showed, your head could get ripped clean off, so it would be a lot like dying a horrible death in a car wreck – you literally won't know what hit you. The fatal results of such a fall, according to Eagleman, won't be perceived at all by your slow-ass brain. It takes, for example, 150-300 milliseconds for the driver of a car in a head-on collision to even be aware of what happened. Around the 70 millisecond mark, the crash is already over. So dying in a falling elevator would basically be a fun ride followed by a painless death.


text:
B.O.M.B at the Bee (and Thistle)
Bring Our Music Back (affectionately known as B.O.M.B), a local non-profit that pairs hometown bands with national acts, has nabbed Christine Ohlman from the Saturday Night Live Band to play at the Bee. Your ticket includes cocktails concocted by RIPE (a natural fruit mixer made in CT), retro hors d'oeuvres and a performance by local blues legend, Dan Stevens.B.O.M.B. donates 50% of their profits to its Youth Music Initiative. Prizes for best beehive! Sunday, October 31st, 6 – 9:30 pm. For tickets and info: www.bringourmusicback.org
read these next
leave a comment
You must be logged in to post a comment.
Bring Our Music Back
Frank Bombacci
Old Lyme, Connecticut 06371
From Bring Our Music Back
Bee and Thistle Inn and Spa
100 Lyme Street
Old Lyme, Connecticut 06371
From Bee and Thistle Inn and Spa
The Bee and Thistle Inn and Spa sits nestled on five acres bordering the Lieutenant River in Old Lyme, Connecticut.


text:
Public houses and inns in Grantham
From Wikipedia
The public houses and inns in Grantham reflect to a great extent the history of the town, soke, and Parliamentary constituency of Grantham, Lincolnshire, England.
"Blue" pubs
Grantham soke's various "blue" pubs are one example of this. The area has had, in its history, pubs named the Blue Pig, the Blue Lion, the Blue Horse, the Blue Dog, the Blue Bull, the Blue Cow, the Blue Ram, the Blue Sheep, the Blue Lamb, and (a single human amongst the animals) the Blue Man. (There is also a small street, the Blue Gate.)[3][4][5][6] The Blue Bull, Cow, Dog, and Fox are/were all in Colsterworth, which was part of Grantham soke when it was enclosed in 1805–1808.[7][8] The Blue Pig, Ram, and Man are/were in Grantham proper.[8]
These names have their roots in a 19th century political rivalry over the membership of Parliament for the constituency of Grantham, between the Manners family (the Duke of Rutland from Belvoir Castle) and the Brownlow family (from Belton House). Pubs in the constituency declared political allegiances, and acted as gathering places for supporters of political factions.[9] Where a person drank declared that person's political views.[5]
The Manners family were Whigs and chose blue as their colour.[5][9] They bought several pubs and inns in the constituency, and added "blue" to their names.[6] People could drink "blue ale" in the "blue" pubs, which was an inducement to vote for Whig candidates in the parliamentary elections.[5]
Grantham also once had a Manners Arms, named after William Manners, Baronet, which no longer exists. The Lord Huntingdon pub in Grantham was also named after him. No pub was named after his son Frederick Tollemache, Liberal member of Parliament for the constituency, by the Manners family, although a statue to him exists in Grantham town.[5] However, in the 20th century the building of the defunct Co-operative department store in the town (in St Catherine's Road) was taken over by the Wetherspoons franchise and turned into a public house, The Tollemache.[2][5]
The constituency of Grantham was a pocket borough, whose elections were controlled by its landowners.[10] There was no secret ballot, and voters were paid for casting their votes.[5] Since the Restoration in 1660 these landowners had been Lord Brownlow and the Duke of Rutland, and their descendants. In 1802, William Manners owned nearly all of the houses, and pubs and inns, in the borough. The 1802 election was fiercely contested by Manners, and after three days the results were:[10]
|Sir William Earl Welby
|Edward Thornton, Esq.
|John Manners, Esq.
|Hon. A. B. Danvers
Welby (who took the seat) and Thornton were supported by Lord Brownlow and the Duke of Rutland. Manners and Danvers were supported by William Manners. Before this election, voters had been paid two guineas per candidate for their votes. With this election, the price rose to ten guineas per voter per candidate.[10]
The following advertisement was published before the 1830 election in Grantham:[11]
Grantham Election.
The BLUES of the last Election are informed, that they can shoot and fish, as hitherto, over the adjoining Manors of Grantham, Little Gonerby, Manthorpe, Somerby, Spittlegate, Houghton, and Walton, but over no other Blue Manors; that the can have the choice of 200 houses in Grantham, and of 200 Closes adjoining Grantham; and that as many as please can have, at this time, work at Buckminster, near Grantham.
The Blues are reminded, that at the last Election, in 1826, the Hon. FREDERICK TALMASH1 polled 563 votes, 280 of which were plumpers2; that Mr. CHOLMELEY3 polled 338 votes, 37 of which were plumpers; and that the Hon. EDWARD CUST polled 312 votes, 99 of which were plumpers, who can still be brought in for Grantham, if he will cordially join the Blues on the day of Election, his brother owning by Kemp's map of the Borough 60 houses in Grantham, Welby's father only 4 houses, and Cholmeley neither house nor pig-sty within six miles of it.
Apply at any of the following Blue Inns at Grantham, viz. the George and Blue Boar, the Blue Ram, the Blue Lion, the Blue Bull, the Blue Horse, the Blue Sheep, the Blue Dog, the Blue Bell, the Blue Cow, the Blue Pig, and the Blue Boat.
- ^1 Frederick Tollemache
- ^2 A "plumper" here is a vote where the voter has cast only one of the two votes available to him.
- ^3 Sir Montague Cholmeley, 2nd Baronet
The Angel Inn
In 1812, Lord Brownlow sold his property in Grantham to William Manners, including another pub, The Angel Inn, which had taken its name from stone carvings of angels on the front of the building.[14]
The gateway arch of the Angel Inn, as it stood in the 19th century, was older than the rest of the front of the building. On either side of the arch were carved heads of Edward the Third and of Queen Philippa his consort.[15] These, with an oriel window above, can still be seen today.[16] Also still to be seen today is the gold-painted carved wooden figure of an angel over the entrance, beneath the oriel. Such a wooden figure, dating as it does to earlier than the seventeenth century, is rare for an inn. The entrance dates to the Tudor period, as do portions of the courtyard buildings.[13] Other rarities to have survived in the Inn include the stone twin-panel vaulting in the interior ceilings of the bay windows. The front of the building is built in ashlar, of local oolithic stone. The Angel thus lays claim to being the oldest surviving Inn in England, sitting on what was once the Great North Road.[17]
It is widely held that the Angel Inn was once a "commandery of the Knghts Templar" (as reported in both White's 1846 History, gazetteer, and directory of Leicestershire[14] and Allen's 1834 History of the county of Lincoln[10]). However, the Reverend B. Street, curate of Grantham, stated in 1857 after his own investigations that "such is not the case". "I have read a document drawn up at Grantham, October 15, 1291," he wrote, "which certainly refers to the property, as belonging to the Knights Templars, but not as being a Preceptory of the Order.".[15]
According to Street, the Angel Inn was Knights Templars property that was a hostelry for travellers and pilgrims. It was seized from the Templars, by the Sheriff of Lincolnshire, on the 7th of January 1308, in accordance with the following writ issued by King Edward the Second on the 15th of December 1307:[15]
The King is about to proceed to parts beyond the seas for a short time. During his absence, he wishes certain matters relative to the peace of the kingdom to be explained to the Sheriff in a writ which the Sheriff will shortly receive. The Sheriff of Lincolnshire is therefore commanded to warn twelve discreet and trustworthy men, Knights or others, upon whose fidelity he can best rely, to meet him at Lincoln, on the 7th of January 1308, very early in the mornin; at which place and time the Sheriff is to be in person to do and perform what shall be contained in the said write, and also what he shall be directed to do by the bearer of it.[15]
The second writ, born to the Sheriff by one of the King's Clerk's of Council, which the Sheriff and the twelve men all had to swear to follow before being told its contents, was:[15]
On Wednesday, 10th January, 1308, very early in the morning, the Sheriff of Lincoln, with the twelve men summoned and sworn, is to attach and arrest all the Knights Templars in his Bailiwick. All their lands, goods, tenements, chattels, charters, writings, and muniments, are to be seized and secured, and an inventory of them made, in the presence of the Custos of the Templar's house, and two witnesses. The Knights are to be kept in safe custody, but not in a straight or loathsome prison; and to be maintained out of the revenues of the Order.[15]
Street believes that the Angel Inn, having been seized by the king, probably then became the property of the Knights Hospitallers. He bases this conclusion on the presence of the arms of the Hospitallers on the East window of Grantham church in 1662 (as recorded by Gervase Holles in Notes of Arms in Grantham Church, a manuscript held in the British Museum), in place of the arms of the Templars that had been there, indicating that the Templars' property in Grantham had passed to the Hospitallers.[15]
Street also records the Angel Inn as having been used to hold court by Kings John (on February the 23rd, 1213) and Richard the Third (on October the 19th, 1483). He also states that it was probably used by King Charles the First on May the 17th, 1622.[15]
At the time of Richard III, the large room over the gateway of the Angel Inn was called La Chambre le Roi (the King's Chamber). Street concluded that this room's name came from Norman French, and probably from the visit to Grantham that John paid in 1213 (during which he delvered Letters Patent at Grantham granting the release of Lucian of Arquill). The evidence for Richard III's visit he took from Rymer's Fædera, as quoted in Halstead's History of Richard the Third, which said that the Great Seal, used for issuing a death warrant, was delivered to the king by messenger "in a chamber called the King's chamber in the Angel Inn, in the presence of the Bishops of Worcester, Durham, St David's, and St Asaph, and of the Earls of Northumberland and Huntingdon, and of Sir Thomas Stanley".[15]
As is still recorded today on the charity board of Grantham church (in the ringing chamber of the church's bell tower), in 1706 a Mr. Michael Sullivan left a benefaction to the church for a sermon against drunkenness, to be paid by the Angel Inn.[18] As recorded in the Grantham Register the benefaction was:[10]
Item, I give to the alderman of Grantham and his successor for ever, a rent charge of 40 shillings a year to be paid out of the Angel Inn in Grantham aforesaid every Michaelmas day, upon this trust, that he procure some able divine to preach a sermon in the afternooon the Sunday after every alderman's choice for ever, wherein the subject shall be cheifly against drunkenness and then pay the preacher 40 shillings for the same, I looking upon that sin to be the inlet of almost all others.
The Beehive
The Beehive public house in Grantham sports a real bee hive as its pub sign. The hive is located in a tree that grows directly in front of the pub. Beneath the hive is a plaque, bearing the following poem:[5]
<poem>Stop Traveller! This wondrous sign exploreAnd say, when thou has viewed it o'er,Grantham, now two rarities are thine:A lofty steeple and a living sign.[5]</poem>
The "lofty steeple" is that of the parish church of St Wulfram, which is only a few hundred metres from the pub.[5]
Other pubs
Other present and past pubs in Grantham include:
- The Chequers Inn in Butchers Row, demolished in the 1880s, only to be replaced by a pub of the same name.[2]
- Artichoke House on Swinegate, a former pub[2]
- The Plough Inn, on Welby street, which closed in 1958 and was demolished in 1982[2]
- The Horse and Jockey, near Welby Street, demolished in the 1950s and now the site of the Horse and Jockey Yard, a park named after the pub[2]
- Gravity, a pub formerly called the Hogshead, in a building that used to be the location of a Woolworth's store in the 1960s[2]
- The Crown and Anchor, a couple of doors down from the Blue Pig, that closed in 1936[2]
- The Durham Ox, on the corner of Welby Street and Wharf Road, which ceased to be a pub in 1961, and was demolished in order to build the Isaac Newton Centre in 1983
- The George, where Charles Dickens and Hablot Knight Browne stayed on January the 30th, 1838 on their way to Yorkshire, where they were researching Nicholas Nickleby[20]. The George, built in 1780, is possibly related to a hospitium called Le George, presented by King Edward the Fourth to his mother, which was demolished in 1780.[16] Edward granted Le George to Cecily Neville, Duchess of York on June the 1st, 1461. In her will of April 1495, she in turn bequeathed it to "Dame Jane Pesemershe, widow" for her lifetime. Le George reverted to the Crown in 1606, at that time known as the Queen's Inn, called Le George.[21]
- ↑ Nikolaus Pevsner, John Harris, and Nicholas Antram (2002). Lincolnshire (2nd ed.). Yale University Press. pp. 324. ISBN 0300096208.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 John Pinchbeck (2007). Grantham in Focus. At Heart Ltd. pp. 20,40–42,45,47,69,73–74,120–121. ISBN 1845471423.
- ↑ E. L. Blenkinsopp (1871). William White. ed. Notes and queries. 43. Oxford University Press. pp. 343.
- ↑ Christian words (1878). The Wesleyan reform union magazine. [Continued as] Christian words. pp. 126.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 Diane Watson and Tony Watson (2004). "Pubs". in Stephan Harrison, Steve Pile, and N. J. Thrift. Patterned ground: entanglements of nature and culture. Reaktion Books. pp. 216–217. ISBN 1861891814.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 David Rothwell (2006). "Blue". Dictionary of Pub Names. Wordsworth Editions. pp. 48. ISBN 1840222662.
- ↑ "History of Colsterworth". Village Archive Group. 2009-03-24. http://villagearchivegroup.com/index.php?page=history-of-colsterworth. Retrieved 2009-07-25.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Jacob Larwood and John Camden Hotten (1866). The history of signboards: from the earliest times to the present day (2 ed.). John Camden Hotten.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Richard Croft (2006-11-16). "SK9136 : The Blue Pig near to Grantham, Lincolnshire, Great Britain". geograph. http://geograph.org.uk/photo/279870.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 Thomas Allen (1834). "Grantham soke and town". The history of the county of Lincoln: from the earliest period to the present time. 2. London and Lincoln: John Saunders Jr. pp. 300–317.
- ↑ A List of the Poll, at the Contested Election at Grantham, on the 30th & 31st of July and on the 2nd & 3rd of August, 1830. High Street, Grantham: S. Ridge. 1830. pp. 2.
- ↑ David Rothwell (2006). "Angel and Royal, Grantham". Dictionary of Pub Names. Wordsworth Editions. pp. 19. ISBN 1840222662.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 Albert Edward Richardson and Harold Donaldson Eberlein (1980). English Inn Past and Present. Ayer Publishing. pp. 7–8,97,112,223–224. ISBN 0405088876.
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 William White. History, gazetteer, and directory of Leicestershire, and ... Rutland: together with the adjacent towns of Grantham & Stamford. 1846. pp. 672.
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4 15.5 15.6 15.7 15.8 B. Street (1857). "The Angel Inn". Historical Notes on Grantham, and Grantham Church. High Street, Grantham: S. Ridge.
- ↑ 16.0 16.1 P. H. Ditchfield (2007). Vanishing England. Echo Library. pp. 117. ISBN 1406861480.
- ↑ Elaine Denby (2004). Grand Hotels: Reality and Illusion. Reaktion Books. pp. 17–18. ISBN 1861891210.
- ↑ W. M. Jacob (2002). "Lay people and philanthropy". Lay People and Religion in the Early Eighteenth Century. Cambridge University Press. pp. 173. ISBN 0521892953.
- ↑ Albert Edward Richardson (2008). Georgian England. Jeremy Mills Publishing. pp. 34. ISBN 1906600007.
- ↑ Arthur L. Hayward. "George Inn, Grantham". The Dickens Encyclopaedia. Taylor & Francis. pp. 103.
- ↑ B. Street (1857). "The George Inn". Historical Notes on Grantham, and Grantham Church. High Street, Grantham: S. Ridge.
Further reading
- "About us: A history of the ancient Angel & Royal, circa 1203". Angel and Royal Hotel. Ashdale Hotels. http://www.angelandroyal.co.uk/pages/history.php. — the history of the Angel and Royal according to its current owners


text:
tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2788076367607939275.post8646176843210180179..comments2020-07-11T18:23:47.605+02:00Comments on BITCOIN FOR FREE: TOP 3 Best Cloud Mining firstname.lastname@example.com:blogger.com,1999:blog-2788076367607939275.post-43333825801719815462019-01-19T13:48:31.203+01:002019-01-19T13:48:31.203+01:00When it compes to mining bitcoin and mining ingene...When it compes to mining bitcoin and mining ingeneral i trust only Genesis Mining as there are so many scams and ponzi nowdays.
I wouldn't risk and invest anywhere else and I am saying this after years of mining in different sites. Genesis Mining proved to be real and legite, their paymants are regular and on time. I have a few contracts and btc is one of them.
So far I can say that I am more than satisfied with how things are going and just a feeling of beeing secure when my money is invested is everything. So, Genesis is definitely my email@example.com


text:
ASU Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This collection includes most of the ASU Theses and Dissertations from 2011 to present. ASU Theses and Dissertations are available in downloadable PDF format; however, a small percentage of items are under embargo. Information about the dissertations/theses includes degree information, committee members, an abstract, supporting data or media.
In addition to the electronic theses found in the ASU Digital Repository, ASU Theses and Dissertations can be found in the ASU Library Catalog.
Dissertations and Theses granted by Arizona State University are archived and made available through a joint effort of the ASU Graduate College and the ASU Libraries. For more information or questions about this collection contact or visit the Digital Repository ETD Library Guide or contact the ASU Graduate College at email@example.com.
- Arizona State University
- Vasileska, Dragica
- 1 Ferry, David
- 1 Goodnick, Stephan
- 1 Shaik, Abdul Rawoof
- 1 English
- 1 Public
- Heat Transfer
- 1 Electrical engineering
- 1 Monte Carlo
- 1 Multi scale
- 1 Phonon
- 1 Physics
- 1 Self Heating
- more
- 1 Silvaco Giga 3D
- Reverse Fountain Cytoplasmic Streaming in Rhizopus Oryzae
- Diné Research Practices and Protocols: An Intersectional Paradigm Incorporating Indigenous Feminism, Critical Indigenous Research Methodologies and Diné Knowledge Systems
- Developing an Augmented Reality Solution for Mapping Underground Infrastructure
- Characterization of 2D Human Ankle Stiffness during Postural Balance and Walking for Robot-aided Ankle Rehabilitation
- Using Molecular, Cellular and Bioengineering Approaches Towards Understanding Muscle Stem Cell Biology
Self-heating degrades the performance of devices in advanced technology nodes. Understanding of self-heating effects is necessary to improve device performance. Heat generation in these devices occurs at nanometer scales but heat transfer is a microscopic phenomena. Hence a multi-scale modeling approach is required to study the self-heating effects. A state of the art Monte Carlo device simulator and the commercially available Giga 3D tool from Silvaco are used in our study to understand the self heating effects. The Monte Carlo device simulator solves the electrical transport and heat generation for nanometer length scales accurately while the Giga 3D tool solves …
- Contributors
- Shaik, Abdul Rawoof, Vasileska, Dragica, Ferry, David, et al.
- Created Date
- 2016


text:
Hey everyone! I want to share with you the way I disassemble a shirt into working yardage. I use this all the time to get material from the clothes I get from myself or from Goodwill. is creative inspiration for us.
Get more photo about DIY home decor related with by looking at photos gallery at the bottom of this page.
We are want to say thanks if you like to share this post to another people via your facebook, pinterest, google plus or twitter account.
Right Click to save picture or tap and hold for seven second if you are using iphone or ipad.
Full size is 375X500 (Link to full-size image) pixels.
Source: weallsew.com


text:
Last weekend was Emma's first reining show of the year. Holly, her pretty gray mare, looked sleek and smooth. Emma sparkled in her new show shirt, as a new year of riding excitement began.
(Reining is defined as a judged event designed to show the athletic ability of a horse within the confines of a show arena. Contestants are required to run one of ten patterns. Each pattern includes small slow circles, large fast circles, flying lead changes, roll backs over the hocks, 360 degree spins done in place, and exciting sliding stops that are the hallmark of the reining horse.)
If you like horses, you really should attend a show. It's a blast to see the beauty and athleticism of both rider and horse. The folks that hang at horse shows are a friendly bunch that always have a supportive word for one another. There is usually a multitude of adorable dogs bouncing around, which of course always makes my heart smile. There are make-shift stores that sell snazzy horse bling, rows of horses in stalls waiting to be petted and made over, and a food shack that makes the best grilled pesto chicken sammie in town…even sans the bread!
Emma Rose came in middle of the pack this weekend. Holly was a bit sassy in the ring and Emma forgot to do an extra circle…oh well, she still looked stunning. Take a gander at some of the days sightings!


text:
Find more info on hairstyle for long face thick hair below.
hairstyle for long face thick hair photoset
If you prefer to wear short hairstyles, your best option is to choose for a pixie cut. when it comes to hairstyles for males, there indeed is many different alternatives to select from, based on the kind and level of hair you've got. For the rest of this hair, you might style it in accordance with your preference.


text:
Your friends are fundraising. Don't miss out, opt in.
We have been running residential summer holidays for children & young adults with learning disabilities for 30 years. Our holidays are organised and staffed by volunteers and we rely on donations to make them happen each year. For more info, please visit oundlemencap.co.uk. Thanks for your support!
Oundle Mencap Holidays Registered charity number 1108908
"For the wonderful Christmas cards that all of my family are now going to receive! x"
Jess Taylor donated
£10.00 + £2.50 Gift Aid
"Thank you again Oundle Mencap for just the best week (& for the t-shirt) xxxxx"
Lucy Page donated
£15.00 + £0.00 Gift Aid
"For the t-shirt and another amazing week x"
Alex George donated
£10.00 + £0.00 Gift Aid
"Well done to everyone for another great Mencap holiday.
Keep up the good work, you all make such a difference to the children's lives."
Christine Wright donated
£500.00 + £125.00 Gift Aid
"Another incredible week!"
TSP donated
£20.00 + £5.00 Gift Aid
"Thanks for the most amazing mencap week for me, and the t-shirt!"
Jack Murphy donated
Lisa Gilman has raised $5,746.99 so far
I'm We are running the Rat Race on 12th May for Lisa Gilman because it was an organisation precious to MG.
Delyth Gilman has raised $3,688.97 so far
I'm I'm running the Rat Race at Bughley Park, for Delyth Gilman because it's something Marcus would have done.
Dylan and Toby :) has raised $1,183.40 so far
I'm On Nov. 15th we are running the Madrid Marathon for Dylan and Toby :) because it is a fantastic cause and a wonderful charity
Jamie Wallace-Woodroffe has raised $806.68 so far
Jamie's Port Macquarie Ironman Challenge
Joanna Winterton has raised $752.29 so far
I'm I am selling original christmas cards for Joanna Winterton because it is a privilege to be involved with OSMH
Lucy Dawes has raised $244.56 so far
I'm I am asking people to find their creative streak for Lucy Dawes because Creating any art is therapeutic.


text:
After a hard fought battle with cancer, Steven M. Larson, 64, of Northeast Minneapolis passed away August 15th, 2019 surrounded by loved ones.
Born on May 24th, 1955 to Robert and Maxine Larson. Growing up Steve was a very accomplished athlete, excelling at baseball. Sports were always a substantial part of his life, continuing to play baseball and softball for many years after school. Steve also enjoyed basketball and was a member of a world champion broomball team.
Steve was an amazing father to his three children, twin boys Ryan and Josh, and daughter Annie. Coaching their baseball and softball teams growing up and never missing any of their sporting events.
Later in life, Steve dedicated most of his spare time to taking care of his aging parents, enjoying time with his children and grandchild, watching Minnesota sports teams, fishing and golfing.
Steve is survived by his son Ryan (Mariah), son Josh (Genna), daughter Annie, granddaughter Lux, brother Bob (Deb), sister Cathy, brother-in-law Mike, nieces, nephews, and life long friends.
Preceded in death by his parents Robert and Maxine Larson and sister Linda McCoy.
Words cannot describe how much Steve will be missed. Genuine, kind, funny, and loyal, he was a rare breed who could get along with anyone. He was loved by many and proud to have been born, raised, and spend his life in Nordeast.
A celebration of life will be held for friends, family and loved ones at Billman Hunt Funeral Chapel, Wednesday August 21st at 4pm, located at 2701 Central Ave NE, Minneapolis, MN 55432. In lieu of flowers, please donate to a lung cancer foundation or enjoy a Twins game with loved ones.
To send flowers to the family or plant a tree in memory of Steve Larson, please visit our floral store.


text: HALL OF FAME PROFILE: TONY DUNNING Where did "shopper" fit into your marketing approach? DUNNING: From a Gallo perspective, there was nothing formally called "shopper marketing" at the time, but what we were doing was still pretty cool. Since we had to be so well40 y SHOPPER MARKETING MAY 2016 versed in the products, we'd be made available to work special events where we could help educate people - putting special wine dinners together for silent auction at the local charities, for example. Well, as luck would have it, our next-door


text:
This is the continuation of My Time at LSE Part 1, which I wrote three months ago.
Note that I paid not a penny for my five years at the LSE; like everybody else in the UK at that time, if you got a place at university, your fees were paid by the government and you got a means tested grant to cover basic living expenses too. My parents were deemed rich, so I didn't get the grant, and my dad refused to give me any money because I'd turned down the chance to go to Oxford. Anyway, I got a scholarship which matched it.
We should also note that in 1965, less than 5% of the UK population were enrolled in a university degree course. Today, those finishing a degree course in the UK find themselves in debt to the tune of around 30,000 pounds sterling, and over 35% of the population are doing a university degree course.
In 1965 I was half way through a B.Sc (Econ) degree at the London School of Economics, having made the philosophy of science my special subject. I talked a bit about the philosophy department of LSE in Part 1, and alluded to the famous confrontation between Kuhn and Popper which took place at Bedford College in July 1965. I was there, and I remember the electric, testerone-charged (no women were among the main protagonists) atmosphere which lasted from start to finish. In what follows, I rely on Steffano Gettei's (2008) account. Quotes are from his account, but the colloquial was later reported in a 4 volume work (edited by Lakatos, I think) which he cites, which I've actually got somewhere in this damn room, but which for the life of me I can't find right now.
The Debate
It was billed as The International Colloquial in the Philosophy of Science, and the provisional programme had Popper as chairman, and 2 main papers: Kuhn on Dogma versus Criticism, followed by Feyerabend (defending Popper) on Criticism versus Dogma. At the last minute Feyerabend said he couldn't come (genuine ill health), and Watkins took his place. The final programme was Popper as chairman and Kuhn and Watkins giving a joint paper on Criticism and the growth of Knowledge. Lakatos had been very busy organising all this and handled the correspondence with Kuhn (furious at all the changes) with his usual cunning.
So we all trooped in and took our places in the audience. Everybody was there as they say, including Quine, who, as far as I remember, never said a word. We put up with all sorts of blather from all sorts of university big wigs and then here comes Kuhn. As the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (one of my favorite websites) says "His 1962 book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions is one of the most cited academic books of all time". He looked jaunty compared to Popper, but he read every word from his notes, hardly looking up.
Kuhn on Science
Kuhn starts by challenging Popper's claim that scientists start with theories and then test them. Kuhn says scientists first assume a "constellation" of theories shared by the scientific community, and premise current theory as "the rules of the game". Scientists try to solve puzzles, and current theory is required to define that puzzle and "to guarantee that, given sufficient brilliance, it can be solved". Very occasionally, repeated failures to solve puzzles within the context of the paradigmatic theory leads to a revolution in science. So Popper, Kuhn says, "characterized the entire scientific enterprise in terms that apply only to its occasional revolutionary parts"; he overlooks the function of normal science, and
neither science nor the development of knowledge is likely to be understood if research is viewed exclusively through the revolutions it occasionally produces. …. A careful look at the scientific enterprise suggests that it is normal science, in which [Popper]'s sort of testing does not occur, rather than extraordinary science which most nearly distinguishes science from other enterprises".
Next, Kuhn attacks Popper's view that science consists of learning from our errors. Well, learning from errors can only happen in periods of normal science and Popper's use of the term "error" to refer to theoretical systems of the past, like Newton's mechanics, is thus wrong.
Kuhn then gets to the nitty gritty: Popper's main idea of falsification. While Popper grants that conclusive falsification can never happen, he assumes that it can. "Having barred conclusive disproof", says Kuhn, "he has provided no substitute for it, and the relation he does employ remains that of logical falsification". Logic, says Kuhn, doesn't decide what scientists do when faced with falsifications here and there (anomalies); rather they are moved by values, and so we have to understand the history of science in terms of the sociology of the scientific community. Scientists don't behave as Popper claims they do: they're not influenced by individual refutations, but rather by a mass of anomalies which makes them doubt the ability of the current paradigm and switch allegiance to another paradigm that deals better with the anomalies.
The criteria with which scientists determine the validity of an articulation or an application of existing theory are not by themselves sufficient to determine the choice between competing theories.
So Popper's mistake is to ignore the characteristics of normal research.
In particular, he has sought to solve the problem of theory choice during revolutions by logical criteria that are applicable in full only when a theory can already be presupposed,
that is, during periods of normal science when research is guided by a paradigm.
Finally, Kuhn reiterates his main thesis: explanation in science is sociological.
It must, that is, be a description of a value system, an ideology, together with an analysis of the institutions through which that system is transmitted and enforced.
While Popper rejects a sociological approach to science, his own approach has obvious signs of ideology and a system of values for science.
Counter Attack
Then came Watkins. A decent man, a decent academic, but out of his league when compared to the big guns. He later pointed me out in an identity parade which led to my arrest on criminal charges, but that's another story. Here's a version of his defence of Popper, which doesn't give an indication of Popper's typical interruptions of what he was trying to say.
Popper's Reply
For Popper, science is always revolutionary because science involves the evolution of critical thought. Discovery of something is always a discovery against something else, because, as in the case of Christopher Columbus, it collides with a constellation of established prejudices. Copernicus overturned Ptolemy, Newton went beyond Galileo and Kepler, and Einstein beyond Newton. Such changes are not rare events but rather the usual condition of scientific activity: science grows as "a revolution in permanence".
While there's a need for some dogmatism ("if we give in to criticism too easily, we shall never find out where the real power of our theories lies"), this doesn't justify Kuhn's belief that a ruling dogma dominates over considerable periods. Right through history, we can judge theories by their openness to criticism, and if we say that any particular hypothesis in our theoretical system clashes with reality, well that is itself a conjecture, a new hypothesis that needs testing. And,of course, always the whole constellation of theories is put in question.
Now here comes the kicker, and the root of what is still the argument between rationalists and relativists.
Kuhn suggests that the rationality of science presupposes the acceptance of a common framework. He suggests that rationality depends upon something like a common language and a common set of assumptions. He suggests that rational discussion, and rational criticism, is only possible when we have agreed on fundamentals
Popper replies
"the myth of the framework" is a logical and philosophical mistake.
It is, says Popper, the argument of the relativist. While we are, necessarily in every moment prisoners caught in the framework of our language, theories, past experiences and expectations,
we are only prisoners in a Pickwickian sense: if we try, we can break out of our framework at any time. Admittedly, we shall find ourselves again in a framework, but it will be a better and roomier one; and we can at any moment break out of it again.
(Sorry, but I can't help intervening here to say how splendid I find this.)
We can always be critical, and Kuhn's contrary thesis (i.e. the incommensurability thesis, the idea that different frameworks are like mutually untranslatable languages) is a dangerous dogma – "the central bulwark of irrationalism".
The "myth of the framework" exaggerates a difficulty into an impossibility; in fact these clashes are fruitful and not a dead end; they lead to progress.
Kuhn sees incommensurability as an insurmountable problem, but we only need to confront problems, not deem them insurmountable, label them incommensurable and set them aside.
Well that was it, more or less. The consensus was that Popper had won the day. I remember feeling jubilant, and leaving the hall with LSE supporters feeling similarly buoyed up. Lakatos promised to meet us in the nearest pub and didn't show up. I don't know what happened to Popper or Kuhn that evening, but they certainly didn't have supper together.
I've given a sketch of the most important event in academic history that I ever witnessed. It was thrilling to be in the same room as such brilliant people; thrilling to feel the charged atmosphere, thrilling to follow the arguments, thrilling to feel that my side had won. But I was also very aware of all the nasty bits: the huge egos, the bitchiness, the trickery, the lack of humour. Thinking about it now, the sexism of the all male star cast is what hits me most. In the LSE philosophy department, the big shots were all men, and they relied on the work done by their research assistants who were mostly women. Shame on me, I can only remember their first names: Helen, Rosy, Ruth, Jill, Ann, Julie. None of them is mentioned in the 4 volume report.
What to make of it all? I've said it before and I'll say it again: an evaluation of scientific theories doesn't depend on psychological or social factors related to their authors. That this scientist was a drunk, that one paranoid, and the other believed in fairies, or that they were all locked in a laboratory and told not to come out till they'd solved the puzzle, has nothing to do with an evaluation of the theory in question.
Khun's nightmare must be to see how his suggestion that science is governed by "paradigms" has been adopted by relativists to support some of the worst academic work to be published in the last 50 years. The sociology of science is a subject taught all over the planet, often by charlatans, and it's led to a proliferation of obscurantist nonsense being hoisted on gullible students everywhere. As I only recently discovered, the term "paradigm" is now used extensively in MA TESL programmes to "explain" where various views of learning come from. I discuss this in my post on paradigms, and elsewhere I've pointed out that, unless you adopt a relativist epistemology, the sociology of science has nothing to say about how to judge the merits of competing scientific theories which try to explain the phenomena we examine. Nothing!
In the end, it's the epistemological question that really divides Popper and Kuhn. Kuhn argues for incommensurability: it's impossible to switch from one theory to another without a different theory of rationality. Popper believes (as do I, and as do all rationalists), in objective truth, best formulated in Tarski's correspondence theory of truth. Scientific knowledge is seen as knowledge without a knowing subject and scientific progress is progress towards truth, that is, the growth of knowledge.
In the world of ELT, there's a growing tendency among those of a postmodernist persuasion to abuse poor old Thomas Kuhn and to use his texts in support of their daft views. They adopt their own silly version of Kuhn's ideas and their tilt towards relativism because they suggest "exciting" new ways of looking at language learning and teaching. But they show no signs of understanding what they're talking about. The issue is incommensurability. It all hinges on that, it really does.
Next time: Feyerabend comes to the LSE and talks of incommensurability and cabbages and kings.
Gattei, S. (2008) Thomas Kuhn's Linguistic Turn and the Legacy of Logical Empiricism. London, Routledge.