text:
|Literature review
|Peer reviewed
Cite as: Rioja-Lang FC, Seddon YM, Brown JA. Shoulder lesions in sows: A review of their causes, prevention, and treatment. J Swine Health Prod. 2018;26(2):101–107.
Also available as a PDF.
Severe shoulder lesions in sows are manifested as ulcers comparable to pressure ulcers in humans. In sows, shoulder lesions appear on the skin overlying the bony prominence of the scapula, and are most commonly observed in the first weeks of lactation. Shoulder ulcers arise due to prolonged compression of blood vessels around the tuber of the scapular spine when the sow is lying, leading to insufficient blood circulation, necrosis, and subsequent ulceration. Due to the nature of shoulder lesions and their estimated occurrence (5%-50% of breeding sows worldwide), they represent an obvious welfare concern. There is also an economic impact due to labor time for treatment, medication, and premature culling of sows. While multiple factors contribute to ulcer development, maintaining optimum body condition in sows appears to be a key factor in prevention. This review summarizes the literature on sow shoulder ulcers, including the causes, prevention, and treatment. Regular monitoring of lesions is recommended, as this will help to identify individual farm causes and prevention measures. While much is known about shoulder ulcers, we conclude that there are significant gaps in the scientific literature regarding the mechanisms of development and healing, pain caused, and effective means for treatment and prevention.
Las lesiones severas de hombro en hembras se manifiestan como úlceras comparables a las úlceras de presión en humanos. En las hembras, las lesiones de hombro aparecen en la piel sobre la prominencia de hueso de la escápula, y se observan más comúnmente en las primeras semanas de lactancia. Las úlceras de hombro surgen debido a la compresión prolongada de vasos sanguíneos alrededor del tubérculo de la espina escapular cuando la hembra está acostada, llevando a una circulación de sangre insuficiente, necrosis, y la ulceración subsecuente. Debido a la naturaleza de las lesiones de hombro y su ocurrencia estimada (5%-50% de las hembras de cría en todo el mundo), estas representan una obvia preocupación de bienestar. Hay también un impacto económico debido al tiempo de trabajo utilizado para su tratamiento, medicación, y el desecho prematuro de hembras. Si bien, múltiples factores contribuyen al desarrollo de la úlcera, mantener una condición corporal óptima de las hembras parece ser un factor clave en su prevención. Esta revisión resume la literatura de las úlceras de hombro en hembras, incluyendo las causas, prevención y tratamiento. Se recomienda el monitoreo regular de las lesiones ya que esto ayudará a identificar las causas individuales en la granja y las medidas de prevención. Aunque se sabe mucho de las úlceras de hombro, concluimos que hay una falta significativa de datos en la literatura científica sobre los mecanismos de desarrollo y curación, dolor causado, y medios efectivos de tratamiento y prevención.
Les lésions sévères aux épaules chez les truies se manifestent comme des ulcères comparables aux ulcères de décubitus chez les humains. Chez les truies, les lésions aux épaules apparaissent sur la peau recouvrant la proéminence osseuse de l'omoplate, et sont le plus fréquemment observées durant la première semaine de lactation. Les ulcères de l'épaule surviennent suite à la compression prolongée des vaisseaux sanguins autour de la tubérosité de l'épine scapulaire lorsque la truie est couchée, entrainant une circulation sanguine insuffisante, de la nécrose, et une ulcération subséquente. Étant donné la nature des lésions aux épaules et leur fréquence estimée (5%-50% des truies reproductrices mondialement), elles représentent un souci évident relativement au bien-être. Il y a également un impact économique étant donné le temps passé pour traiter, la médication, et la réforme prématurée des truies. Bien que de multiples facteurs contribuent au développement des ulcères, le maintien de la condition corporelle optimale des truies semble être un facteur clé dans la prévention. Cette revue résume la littérature sur les ulcères de l'épaule chez les truies, incluant les causes, la prévention et le traitement. Une surveillance régulière des lésions est recommandée étant donné que ceci aidera à identifier les causes dans les élevages de manière individuelle et les mesures de prévention. Bien que plusieurs choses soient connues sur les ulcères de l'épaule, nous avons conclu qu'il y a des lacunes importantes dans la littérature scientifique en ce qui concerne les mécanismes de développement et la guérison, la douleur causée et des moyens efficaces de traitement et de prévention.
Keywords: swine, sows, shoulder lesions, review, welfare
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Received: November 7, 2016
Accepted: November 3, 2017
Several terms are used to describe skin sores in the shoulder region of sows. These include (but are not limited to) shoulder lesions, shoulder ulcers, decubital shoulder ulcers (stemming from the Latin word "decumbre" meaning to lie down),1 shoulder sores, and abrasions. The terms "shoulder lesions" and "shoulder ulcers" are often used, erroneously, as synonyms. Jensen2 rightfully pointed out that when considering skin sores in the shoulder region of sows, it is essential to differentiate between shoulder ulcerations and non-ulcerating shoulder lesions. Shoulder lesions can take any form, from mild with intact epithelium or simple abrasions, to severe. Shoulder ulcers are a more severe subset of shoulder lesions where there is necrosis of epidermis, loss of basement membrane, and effacement of superficial adnexal structures, manifested and commonly referred to as "open sores."3 Decubital shoulder ulcers in sows are comparable with pressure ulcers in humans (bed sores).
In sows, shoulder ulcers often appear over the underlying bony prominences, in which the amount of soft tissue (eg, muscular and [or] adipose tissue) between the skin and bone is insufficient to distribute external pressure.4 The reduced body condition of sows during lactation, combined with the prolonged recumbency during nursing, increases the incidence of shoulder ulcers.5 However, the precise mechanism behind the development of shoulder lesions is not well understood. There remain several opinions as to how and why pressure leads to tissue breakdown.6 It is thought that the ischemia (restriction of blood flow) results in insufficient blood circulation, causing necrosis and subsequent ulceration. Severity depends on the force and duration of the pressure, but is also influenced by the robustness of the skin.4 Prospective and cross-sectional studies have determined that these wounds typically develop in the first week after farrowing.7,8 It is estimated that the majority of shoulder lesions are present for at least 2 to 3 weeks and that some lesions will develop into ulcers during this period.6 The severity of shoulder lesions can vary greatly, ranging from superficial lesions to deep subcutaneous ulcers.
For this review, the term "shoulder lesion" will be used to broadly refer to abnormal structure of skin, and "shoulder ulcer" will be used to specifically identify a wound with loss of overlying epithelium.
The occurrence of shoulder lesions as established by cross-sectional studies on-farm and in abattoirs reveals a large between-herd variation in lesion prevalence, from 4.6%9 to 50%.5 Where studies have taken repeated data from herds, a large range of within-herd prevalence has also been found (eg, Cleveland-Nielsen et al 200410), which reflects sow management decisions. A summary of studies recording the prevalence of shoulder lesions is presented in Table 1. These studies cover a variety of housing types, genotypes, and stages of gestation, and include both ante- and post-mortem observations, which must be considered alongside results. Regardless, the large between-herd variation in prevalence highlights the influence of farm facilities and sow management on the development of lesions. Surveys may underestimate the prevalence of shoulder ulcers because sows with severe ulcers may be euthanized, and thus not recorded. On the other hand, survey summaries may overestimate the prevalence of shoulder ulcers because lesions (eg, abrasions) that are not ulcerated may be included in the definition. While this research suggests that shoulder lesions likely have an economic impact on pork production, there is currently no information on the overall cost of this problem, or the cost-benefit of treatment options.
The degree of pain caused by shoulder lesions is poorly understood, however human patients with pressure ulcers self-report pain.19,20 On the basis of human literature, sows may also experience varying degrees of pain at different stages of severity.21 Presently, no pain relief is typically given for the treatment of shoulder lesions or shoulder ulcers. Ulcers also provide a portal of entry for pathogens that may cause local or systemic infection.4
Materials and methods
The objective of this review was to collect and review the literature related to sow shoulder lesions from a range of sources, to explore the major causes leading to their development, treatment, and prevention, and to identify potential areas for future research. The information presented is excerpted from a comprehensive report that was funded by the National Pork Board. This review is targeted towards pork producers, veterinarians, researchers, and students.
The main databases used were AGRICOLA, CAB International, Scopus, and Science Direct. Because of the limited literature available, both peer-reviewed and non-peer-reviewed resources were evaluated for inclusion. The non-peer-reviewed information was largely published by industry or academics (eg, National Pork Board, British Pork Executive, or conference abstracts). They were still based on science, but did not go through the same rigorous process as a peer-reviewed journal article. Very old studies, > 30 years old, were unlikely to be relevant due to the changing nature of the swine industry (eg, heavier animals, larger litters). After the initial collection of material, the literature selection was refined to remove older studies. References from as early as the 1980s were included if they provided useful information that is relevant to present-day sow management.
Table 1: Studies reporting on the prevalence of shoulder lesions in sows including study location and key findings or associations*
|No. of sows in study
|% of sows observed with lesions
|Method: Post mortem/ante mortem
|Findings/association with lesion prevalence
|Anil et al11
|United States (USA)
|33%, of which 19% bilateral lesions
|On-farm (4 herds), before weaning
|↑ Longer lactation length ↑BCS ≤ 2 ↑ Lameness ↔ Parity ↔ Farrowing performance
|Bausted and Fredriksen12
|Post mortem (4 abattoirs)
|↓ BCS ↑ Body size
|Cleveland-Nielsen et al10
|0% to 40% within herd prevalence
|Post mortem (207 herds, sampled in 4 abattoirs)
|Large within and between herd prevalence: indicates varying management and farm factors
|Davies et al7
|8%, of which 4% bilateral
|On-farm, (one herd)
|Davies et al8
|16% to 48%
|On-farm (prospective study)
|↑Parity ↓ Scapular tuber depth significantly associated with ulcers and ulcer size
|↓ Increased backfat at 109 days gestation ↑ Cast iron slats ↓ Rubber mats ↔ Lameness ↔ Time in lateral recumbency
|Havn and Poulsen14
|14% to 37%
|↑ In farrowing area ↓BCS ↑ Parity
|KilBride et al15
|United Kingdom
|On-farm (4 lactating sows from 86 herds)
|↓ Outdoor housed sows ↑ Fully slatted floors ↓ > 20 cm between tail and back of crate
|Knauer et al16
|Post mortem
|Dahl-Pederson et al17
|On-farm (37 herds)
|↔ Condition of concrete floors in farrowing pen ↓ BCS
|Ritter et al9
|Post mortem
|↓BCS ↑ Flank-to-flank at weaning, breed, parity, farrowing room section, weaning weight of litter
* Arrows denote the relationship between risk factor and development of shoulder lesions: ↑ = positive association; ↓ = negative association; ↔ = no relationship.
BCS = body condition score.
Causes of shoulder lesions
Anatomy of the sow shoulder
The scapula or shoulder blade of the pig is a large, flat bone located over the rib cage with muscle attachment by M infraspinatus, M supraspinatus, and M deltoidius. From the cranial aspect (front), a ridge or spine is present on the side of the scapula that terminates dorsally in a large bump, known as the prominent tuber. When the sow lies laterally, the anatomy and location of the prominent tuber results in pressure being exerted on the overlying tissue, and predisposes this area to pressure ulcers.
Sow-related risk factors
Numerous pig-related risk factors have been identified as contributing to the development of shoulder lesions, including (but not limited to) body condition post farrowing,14,22 parity,18,23 health status (underlying disease),18 lameness,11,23 previous history of shoulder lesions,24 weaning weight of the litter,18 lactation length,25 sow behavior (unrelieved pressure),6 breed,18 and genetics.5,26 Studies have found that sows with a body condition score (BCS) < 3 at weaning,17 or ≤ 2 during gestation,18 have a three-fold greater likelihood of developing shoulder lesions than do those with BCS ≥ 3. A low BCS reduces the cushion of fat covering the tuber of the scapula,17 increasing the likelihood of lesion development.
Anil et al11 studied 162 sows from four US farms and reported that longer lactation periods presented a risk for increased likelihood of lesion development. Similarly, a heavier litter weaning weight was identified as a significant risk factor18 on one Canadian farm, and Ocepek et al27 identified purebred maternal sow lines, and high-producing first-parity sows in particular, as being at greater risk. These studies link shoulder lesions to high maternal investment by the sow.5 Ultimately, these factors can be mitigated by appropriate management of the sow during the lactation period. Therefore, competent management of high-producing sows during lactation, or lack thereof, may have the greatest impact on lesion development. Three conditions that create inappetence in the sow, namely, disease, injury, and climatic extremes,18 create challenges to maintaining sow condition, especially during lactation. Furthermore, these factors can also influence sow activity and lying patterns, which may further increase the risk of lesion development. Hence, rapid identification of the cause of inappetence and prompt interventions to rectify are keys to reducing the risk of lesion development.
Sow behavior
Sow behavior can impact the occurrence of shoulder lesions. Factors within the environment influence the behavior of the sow, including the floor surface, the environmental temperature, and the health and comfort of the sow. However, individual sow characteristics also influence sow behavior. The duration of lateral recumbency has been identified as a major contributing cause of shoulder lesion development. Lateral recumbency is the predominant posture of post-parturient sows and is necessary for nursing piglets. Shoulder ulcers are also more common in diseased or lame sows,7 which may be linked to increased lateral recumbency (as reported in sows in which lameness was induced).1,25 A Danish study by Larsen et al28 compared the behavior of 19 sows with shoulder ulcers and 19 sows without ulcers. They found that sows with shoulder ulcers spent less time lying and nursing, and more time standing still. Affected sows performed a greater amount of shoulder rubbing and tended to perform a greater number of postural changes than did sows with no ulcers,28 which may indicate discomfort. There is little research on the relationship between sow behavior and development of shoulder lesions. However, research to identify relationships between sow lying postures and duration, movement in relation to shoulder ulcer development, and correlations with other sow and management factors, would provide a better understanding of the problem.
Heritability of shoulder lesions
Several researchers have estimated the heritability of shoulder lesions5,26,29 or have observed breed differences in the prevalence of shoulder lesions.18,27 Lundeheim et al26 reported that shoulder ulcers are a heritable trait, specifically, the heritability was estimated at 0.13, which was based on a population of Swedish Yorkshire sows (including 4336 farrowings in 2634 sows). Hedebro Velander et al29 reported a similar figure for heritability of shoulder ulcers (h2 = 0.18) and also calculated the heritability of the size of ulcers (h2 = 0.09) in Landrace × Yorkshire crossbred sows. Lundgren et al5 estimated the heritability of shoulder ulcers and the genetic correlations between shoulder ulcers, mean piglet weight, and sow body condition. Data were extracted from the Norwegian litter recording scheme, and the genetic analysis included 5549 Norwegian Landrace sows (7614 lactations) in 45 herds. Their results estimated the heritability of shoulder ulcers to be 0.25. Lundgren et al5 also found a genetic correlation between shoulder ulcers and mean piglet weight. The correlation was low but positive (r2 = 0.23), indicating that the sow's ability to raise heavy piglets is associated with a higher risk of shoulder ulcers. The authors concluded that high-producing sows are at greater risk of developing shoulder lesions than are low-producing sows. This conclusion is supported by recent work by Ocepek and colleagues,27 who compared productivity and prevalence of shoulder lesions in sows from purebred maternal (Norsvin Landrace) and crossbred (Norsvin Landrace and Swedish Yorkshire) lines. Shoulder lesions were most common in first-parity sows from purebred maternal lines (P < .001), and were associated with higher litter weights at birth (P = .003) and weaning (P = .05), and greater weight loss during lactation (P = .016). Zurbrigg18 compared Duroc, Landrace, and Yorkshire sows in a commercial herd in Ontario, Canada, and found that Landrace and Duroc sows were 3 and 4.6 times (respectively) more likely to develop shoulder lesions than Yorkshire sows (P < .05).
It can be concluded the propensity for a sow to develop shoulder ulcers is heritable, at least in so far as greater prevalence can be found in specific lines. On this basis, it should be possible to reduce their prevalence using appropriate selection and breeding programs. However, the heritability of ulcers is likely to be linked to selection for other production traits, as indicated by the findings of Lundgren et al,5 which may hinder the ability to reduce their prevalence through selection.
Environmental risk factors
Several environmental risk factors have been identified as contributing to the occurrence of shoulder lesions, including flooring type,23,30 pen location,18 temperature and humidity,31,32 type of sow housing,33 and friction properties of the floor.34
Environmental risk factors can be described at both individual sow and herd level. In farrowing pens (crates), flooring type has been associated with the risk of developing limb and body lesions.30 Metal slatted flooring is a risk factor for having more sows with shoulder lesions when compared with those housed on solid concrete, because slatted floors support the sow's body weight over a smaller surface area.17 KilBride et al15 found there was an increased risk for body lesions when the lying surface was either damaged or soiled when compared to clean, dry, and (or) undamaged floors.
Farrowing crate floors should provide a comfortable surface for lying, sufficient space for comfortable nursing, a non-slip surface for rising and standing, and separation from excreta, and must be sufficiently robust for the sow's size and weight.15 In the human medical literature it is believed that kinetic friction forces rubbing the skin, possibly in combination with increased skin moisture, contribute to the development of pressure ulcers.34 Friction, along with other flooring properties, such as abrasiveness, hardness, surface profile, and thermal properties,35 may all contribute to the development of shoulder lesions in sows and should be explored further.
The location of sows within a farrowing room can also contribute to the development of shoulder lesions because of variation in climatic conditions associated with room temperature fluctuation, location of ventilation units, and the use of drip coolers. No data are currently available regarding the direct effect of temperature on the prevalence of shoulder ulcers in sows.4 Sow movement is likely reduced at higher temperatures, and could thus be a contributing factor in the development of shoulder ulcers. Citations from human medical literature often conclude that moisture, humidity, and temperature are likely to play a role in the development of bed sores.34,36,37
There is an increasing global trend to reduce close confinement management of sows. Many countries have placed a ban or partial ban on the use of gestation stalls, and alternate indoor farrowing systems are being explored, from farrowing pens to group lactation systems.35,38 The greater freedom of movement provided to sows in these systems may increase muscle tone and encourage more frequent postural changes, which may help to reduce the incidence of shoulder lesion development in sows. The use of bedding or alternative flooring types (ie, solid flooring, rubber-coated flooring) in these systems may also influence the development of shoulder lesions. Assumptions driving these changes in system design and their outcomes on sow welfare and longevity are worthy of investigation.
Interventions and treatment
The primary intervention for sows with shoulder ulcers is to move them into pens with softer flooring. Deep straw bedding provides the correct properties for improving comfort by providing wider distribution of pressure for lying sows. However, in many modern pig production facilities, the use of straw is not feasible because of incompatibility with liquid manure disposal systems.39,40 In Denmark, a pathoanatomical scale from 0 to 4 is used to grade shoulder ulcers, where grade 0 is no lesion and grade 4 is a lesion (ulcer) involving all three layers of the skin and underlying bone. On Danish farms, sows with grade 3 or 4 lesions must be kept loose and have access to soft bedding.40 Rubber mats can provide a means for increasing the comfort of flooring in unbedded systems.41
For established lesions, there is evidence that rubber mats can be beneficial. In the study by Zurbrigg, sows provided with a mat had shorter healing times (25 days) than did sows housed in a conventional farrowing crate (32 days to heal), or those provided with solid stainless steel plates under the shoulder region.18
Few commercially available products exist for the topical treatment of shoulder lesions. A study testing AluShield Aerosol Bandage (Neogen, Lexington, Kentucky), a food-animal labelled product specifically for the treatment of wounds, was found to be ineffective. There was no difference in the reduction of lesion size between control and treatment groups (reductions of 66% and 60% respectively), nor a difference in the change of lesion diameter or time to lesion healing between the control and treatment groups.41,42
A study by Kaiser et al42 compared the effectiveness of a combination treatment of rubber mats and zinc ointment (25% zinc oxide) with a local antibiotic treatment (chlortetracycline spray) on healing of shoulder ulcers in three sow herds. Sows were paired according to the grade of their ulcer (Danish pathoanatomical scale: 0 to 4) on the first observation and were randomly divided into treatment groups: mats and zinc ointment (Apotekets Baby Zinksalve, Denmark), or antibiotic spray (Cyclo Spray Vet, Eurovet Animal Health B.V., Netherlands). The rubber mat plus zinc oxide treatment had a statistically significant effect, reducing the size of the ulcer on days 14 and 21 of treatment compared to antibiotic spray. For lean sows provided with rubber mats and zinc oxide, the average shoulder ulcer size on day 14 was 3.8 cm2, versus 9.5 cm2 when antibiotic spray was used. This treatment appeared to be equally effective in all three herds studied. Therefore, the authors recommended rubber mats as a means to reduce the number of sows that needed to be euthanized, culled, or weaned early due to this type of lesion, and suggested that rubber mats be used preventatively for sows at risk.42
As an alternative to providing a rubber mat, some Danish producers use a padded shoulder protector (eg, Maxi Pork, designed by Danish company Unitron Scandinavia A/S). The device consists of two layers of foam rubber coated with nylon netting, and straps which allow it to be fastened to the sow. This device is best for treating sows in the early stages of lesion development, before the ulcer has formed, and not for treating the open wound. Producers install the pads on sows as soon as they observe any redness of the skin on the shoulder.
In general, products used to treat decubital ulcers on sows are few and have not been well-evaluated.42 Nevertheless, individual farms should implement procedures for identification, surveillance, and treatment of shoulder ulcers. Future research should focus more on preventative management of sows, as this is a far more effective approach. Traumatic neuromas found in healed ulcerations suggests that sows continue to experience discomfort after ulcer healing;41 however, robust strategies to deal with shoulder ulcers must also be developed, as ulcers will persist until effective means of prevention can be implemented.
Maintaining an optimum BCS is a critical factor in the prevention of shoulder lesions. Sows need sufficient backfat at farrowing (ideally BCS 3 on a 1 to 5 scale) to maintain sufficient levels throughout lactation. In a study investigating the effect of softer flooring in the farrowing crate on subsequent sow performance,43 fifty-two of 140 sows developed shoulder ulcers (17 were from farrowing crates with rubber mat floors and 35 from farrowing crates without rubber mats). Analysis revealed that lower backfat thickness at day 109 of gestation was associated with increased likelihood of having shoulder ulcers at weaning. Backfat thickness is affected by a combination of sow genetics and diet. Maximizing feed intake during lactation may be hindered by a variety of factors, including hot temperatures in summer11 or the onset of illness.43 Regular, objective assessment of body condition can assist stockpersons to identify low BCS in individual sows and take appropriate action. New technologies for individual sow feeding during gestation and lactation, which provide feed on demand rather than all at once, may also help to optimize sow body condition. The cause of decreased feed intake needs to be identified promptly to avoid a reduction in body condition. Earlier management interventions to rectify problems will go a long way to preventing development of shoulder lesions and ulcers.
Regular monitoring of early signs of skin insults, such as redness, abrasion, or irritation, are paramount, since early detection and intervention are important and effective in prevention of sow suffering. Lesions may be as subtle as slight redness; the observation of flies on the shoulder crest can be an early indication of an incipient shoulder lesion.42 If these early signs are observed, the floor surface should be checked for roughness. It would be appropriate to place a pad over the affected area of the sow's shoulder to relieve pressure, or to move the affected sow to a comfort pen with a softer lying surface, such as a rubber mat or deep bedding.40 Lesions should be cleaned and treated with an antiseptic (according to veterinary advice and farm health protocols).
One reason that sows may be reluctant to stand or change position during lactation is locomotor problems. In evaluation of sow lesions at slaughter, Stalder and Karriker44 reported that open shoulder lesions were significantly and positively associated with rear foot abscesses. This suggests sow-herd leg and foot health should be evaluated in combination with the goal of reducing shoulder lesions. Uninterrupted lying bouts increase the risk of developing shoulder lesions;23 therefore, the authors suggest that it may be beneficial to stimulate sow activity by making them stand or move about on a daily basis, particularly in the first weeks post farrowing.
Flooring is an important risk factor. The common use of fully slatted floors increases pressure due to the distribution of body weight over a smaller surface area.9,45 The odds of a sow housed on a slatted floor developing shoulder ulcers during lactation was three times higher in sows not provided with rubber mats than in those with rubber mats extending to their hind limbs.4,13 The use of alternative flooring in the farrowing pen may benefit the sow by reducing occurrences of a painful condition, while benefiting the producer by subsequent productivity improvement.45 Regardless of treatment and prevention options, in severe cases sows should be culled or euthanized.
Future research
Numerous gaps exist in our knowledge of shoulder lesions and ulcers, providing a basis for future research, summarized as follows:
- Pathogenesis: Identify the mechanisms by which shoulder lesions and ulcers develop and heal. A better understanding of lesion pathogenesis will help towards identifying effective prevention measures.
- Feeding practices, nutrition, and body condition: Investigation of feed quality, feed delivery, and feeding management (eg, automated or on-demand lactation feeders) for lactating sows and the occurrence of shoulder lesions and ulcers.
- Housing and use of alternate flooring: Studies on alternative flooring for farrowing crates are warranted, with consideration for sow comfort and pressure-relieving properties, while maintaining drainage and cleaning properties. Rubber matting has shown promise, but further evaluation of the physical characteristics, durability, and effectiveness for lesion prevention is required.
- Lying behavior and time in recumbency: Identify whether changes in sow behavior (eg, lying posture and duration) are predictive of lesion development and can be used as risk indicators.
- Sow productivity: Identify the contribution of increasing litter size, milking ability, and duration of lactation on the development of shoulder lesions and related management strategies to reduce the risk of ulcer development.
- Cost and financial analysis: Quantify the economic cost of shoulder ulcers to the swine industry, considering prevalence, reductions in performance, treatment costs, and sow retention.
- Impact on animal welfare: Quantify the level of pain experienced by sows during the development, presence, and healing of shoulder lesions and ulcers. Identify appropriate wound treatment and pain mitigation strategies for shoulder ulcers. Identify the time when pain control provision is most beneficial and whether this influences recovery time or production outcomes.
- Environmental temperature and humidity: While higher temperatures are believed to influence occurrence of shoulder lesions, no data are available regarding the effects of temperature and possible interaction with humidity on the occurrence of shoulder ulcers.3
Perhaps just as important as these research topics is the need for greater on-farm monitoring of this condition. The old maxim, "you can only manage what you measure" surely applies to shoulder lesions and ulcers. Lesions can easily be recorded on-farm, either during lactation or as sows exit from farrowing. The increasing use of computerized and automated systems for data collection will make this a simpler task in the future, and can provide an important first step towards increasing recognition of the problem and identification of appropriate treatments.
Estimates of prevalence of shoulder lesions, including ulcers, are reported at 5% to 50% in breeding sows; however, the true incidence of shoulder lesions and (or) shoulder ulcers is not known. Lesions in sows are a painful condition, represent a welfare concern, and benefit from timely interventions. Treatment success of sow shoulder lesions is enhanced by early recognition and intervention.
Lesions typically develop in the weeks following farrowing, when sows spend the majority of their time lying and nursing. Other factors, such as low body condition score, hard or abrasive flooring, genetic predisposition, and a host of other environment and management factors increase sows' susceptibility to developing shoulder lesions.
Most of the literature on shoulder ulcers has been in surveys and is epidemiological in nature. The process of wound development and healing is poorly understood, hence research aimed to better understand the underlying causes, progression, effects of pain on productivity, and development of more effective treatment and preventative interventions is warranted.
The authors wish to acknowledge funding support which was provided by the National Pork Board, Des Moines, Iowa.
Conflict of interest
None reported.
Scientific manuscripts published in the Journal of Swine Health and Production are peer reviewed. However, information on medications, feed, and management techniques may be specific to the research or commercial situation presented in the manuscript. It is the responsibility of the reader to use information responsibly and in accordance with the rules and regulations governing research or the practice of veterinary medicine in their country or region.
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*14.Havn KT, Poulsen HK. Risk factors for shoulder ulcers in sows in a danish breeding farm. Proc IPVS. Hamburg, Germany; 2004.
15. KilBride AM, Gillman CE, Green LE. A cross sectional study of the prevalence, risk factors and population attributable fractions for limb and body lesions in lactating sows on commercial farms in England. BMC Vet Res. 2009;5:30.
16. Knauer M, Stalder KJ, Karriker L, Baas TJ, Johnson C, Serenius T, Layman L, McKean JD. A descriptive survey of lesions from cull sows harvested at two Midwestern U.S. facilities. Prev Vet Med. 2007;82:198–212.
17. Dahl-Pedersen K, Bonde MK, Herskin MS, Jensen KH, Kaiser M, Jensen HE. Pathogenesis and pathology of shoulder ulcerations in sows with special reference to peripheral nerves and behavioural responses to palpitation. Vet J. 2013;198: 666–671.
18. Zurbrigg K. Sow shoulder lesions: Risk factors and treatment effects on an Ontario farm. J Anim Sci. 2006;84:2509–2514.
19. Gorecki C, Lamping DL, Brown JM, Madill A, Firth J, Nixon J. Development of a conceptual framework of health-related quality of life presure ulcers: A patient-focused approach. Int J Nurs Stud. 2010;47:1525–1534.
20. Rutherford KMD. Assessing pain in animals. Anim Welf. 2002;1:31–53.
21. Herskin MS, Bonde MK, Jørgensen E, Jensen KH. Decubital shoulder ulcers in sows: a review of classification, pain and welfare consequences. Animal. 2011;5:757–766.
22. Bonde M, Rousing T, Badsberg JH, Sørensen JT. Associations between lying-down behavior problems and body condition, limb disorders and skin lesions of lactating sows housed in farrowing crates in commercial sow herds. Livest Prod Sci. 2004; 87:179–187.
*23. Rosendal T, Nielsen JP. Risk factors for the development of decubital ulcers over the scapula in sows. Proc IPVS. Hamburg, Germany; 2004.
*24. Thorup F. Backfat at farrowing affects the frequency of shoulder lesions. Proc IPVS. Copenhagen, Denmark. 2006;486.
25. Pairis-Garcia MD, Johnson AK, Stalder, KJ, Abell CA, Karriker LA, Coetzee JF, Millman ST. Behavioral evaluation of analgesic efficacy for pain mitigation in lame sows. Anim Welf. 2015;24:93–99.
26. Lundeheim N, Lundgren H, Rydhmer L. Shoulder ulcers in sows are genetically correlated to leanness of young pigs and to litter weight. Acta Agric Scand, Sect A - Anim Sci. 2014;64:67-72.
27. Ocepek M, Andersen-Ranberg I, Edwards SA, Fredriksen B, Framstad T, Andersen IL. Can a super sow be a robust sow? Consequences of litter investment in purebred and crossbred sows of different parities. J Anim Sci. 2016;94:3550–3560.
28. Larsen T, Kaiser M, Herskin MS. Does the presence of shoulder ulcers affect the behaviour of sows? Res Vet Sci. 2015;98:19–24.
*29. Hedebro Velander I, Nielsen B, Henryon MA. Genetic variation in shoulder ulcers in crossbred sows exists. Proc European Federation of Animal Science. Stavanger, Norway; 2011.
*30. Mattson B, Ivarsson E, Holmgren N, Lundeheim N. Shoulder ulcers in sows: causes of variation. Proc European Federation of Animal Science. Barcelona, Spain; 2009.
*31. Holmgren N, Lundeheim, N. Shoulder lesions in loose-housed lactating sows on partly slatted floors. Proc IPVS. Vancouver, Canada; 2010.
32. Kokate JY, Leland KJ, Held AM, Hansen GL, Kveen GL, Johnson BA, Wilke MS, Sparrow EM, Iaizzo PA. Temperature-modulated pressure ulcers: A porcine model. Arch of Phys Med Rehabil. 1995;76:666–673.
*33. Reese D, Straw W, Waddel JM. Shoulder ulcers in sows. Nebraska Swine Reports 2005;9:6–9.
34. Lahmann NA, Kottner J. Relation between pressure, friction and pressure ulcer categories: A secondary data analysis of hospital patients using CHAID methods. Int J Nurs Stud. 2011;48:1487–1494.
35. Ison SH, Wood CM, Baxter EM. Behaviour of pre-pubertal gilts and its relationship to farrowing behaviour in conventional farrowing crates and loose-housed pens. Appl Anim Behav Sci. 2015;170:26–33.
36. Leigh IH, Bennett G. Pressure ulcers: Prevalence, etiology, and treatment modalities: A review. Am J Vet Surg. 1994;167:S25–S30.
37. Parish LC, Witkowski JA. Controversies about the decubital ulcer. Dermatol Clin. 2004;22:87–91.
38. van Nieuwamerongen SE, Soede NM, van der Peet-Schwering CM, Kemp B, Bolhuis JE. Development of piglets raised in a new multi-litter housing system vs. conventional single-litter housing until 9 weeks of age. J Anim Sci. 2015;93:5442–5454.
39. Calderon Diaz JA , Boyle LA. Effect of rubber slat mats on the behaviour and welfare of group housed pregnant sows. Appl Anim Behav Sci. 2014;151:13–23.
40. Jensen HE. Grading of shoulder ulceration in sows by biopsies. J Vet Diagn Invest. 2014;26:291–296.
*41. Hazel A, Wayne S, Morrison R. Evaluation of a shoulder decubital ulcers treatment method in sows. Proc AASV. Dallas, Texas; 2014.
42. Kaiser M, Kristensen CS, Bækbo P, Alban L. Treatment of shoulder ulcers in sows - rubber mats and zinc ointment compared to chlortetracycline spray. Acta Vet Scand. 2013;55:12–20.
43. Cornou C, Vinther J, Kristensen AR. Automatic detection of oestrus and health disorders using data from electronic sow feeders. Livest Sci. 2008;118:262–271.
*44. Stalder K, Karriker L. Evaluation of sows at harvest to determine the incidence of abnormalities that could lead to culling of breeding herd females. Pork Checkoff NPB#04-127. 2006.
45. Tuyttens FAM, Wouters F, Struelens E, Sonck B, Duchateau L. Synthetic lying mats may improve lying comfort of gestating sows. Appl Anim Behav Sci. 2008;114:76-85.
* Non-refereed references.


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Product DescriptionThe availability of this product is limited and subject to change.
Wine Tasting Notes
Brilliant peach color. Pink grapefruit, pomegranate and black currant with a hint of wild rose. Well-balanced acidity with notes of red raspberry and strawberry and a fine persistent perlage. Enjoy on its own as an aperitif, with light appetizers and with fresh seafood and grilled fish.

subset: commoncrawl


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Former HAVOK member Mike Leon has joined metal icons, SOULFLY, as the band's brand new bass player.
"Soulfly fans get ready", states guitarist/vocalist Max Cavalera. "I'm really excited to announce that Mike Leon is going to be playing bass on our upcoming North American tour. I'm a big fan of Mike's work and having him in SOULFLY is going to bring some of the killer thrash metal vibe to the band!"
Mike Leon said it "…is an indescribable feeling to be joining up to shred with SOULFLY! I've been a fan of Max and his music since I was a little kid, and to be playing with him and the guys now is truly unbelievable! I cannot wait to bring the ruckus on stage for all of the Tribe around the world!"
Mike become a full time member of Havok in 2013 before recording and releasing Unnatural Selection and embarking on a two year long world-tour, playing nearly 300 shows in over 40+ countries in support of the album.
SOULFLY released their extreme and groove-laden 10th studio album, Archangel on August 14th via Nuclear Blast Entertainment.


text: Well, Vince has his first football work out this morning, weight lifting, started at 6:30 goes until 9 am. My husband and I feel like we are going thru those early diagnosis stages again... we just don't know how much insulin he will need with breakfast before he goes, etc. It will be trial and error for us for the next week probably. I looked at my notes from last year, our first year dx playing football, and he was on at 1:20 ratio! Now he is normally 1:6 for breakfast... So we tried 1:8 today because of the increased exercise; lowered the Lantus as of two days ago because of lows from so much baseball practice and so far that seems to be working. I know weight lifting will make him go high from adrenaline, but I'm not 100% sure how his body will react this time around, but I remember he would come crashing down some days after about 2 hours at home. I know we have to be conservative on any corrections, but now I get nervous again just waiting to see what happens. We will be taking good notes again this year and try to figure it all out. Thanks for listening.:cwds: Kathy


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NeilPeel's Photography
The Blog!
Bundala: Painted Stalks
I have to say that I absolutely loved this place. It was just 4 hours driving round beautiful scenery and seeing amazing wildlife every few minutes. The only downside was we were expecting to see flocks of flalelamingos and there weren't any.
It was far, far quieter than the next door Yala NP. However, Bandula doesn't have leopards. Which were amazing.... See previous posts. I couldn't say that we had the place to ourselves but you were definitely on your own most of the time. It was muy peaceful! The stillness, the dawn light, the coolness all added up to make this stunning.
I think, probably, that the stars of the day were the painted stalks, although we did see a whole load of amazing stuff... See future posts... these were just lovely and unusual, elegant and gawky. Yeah, I though they were pretty cool
In all those years we lived in Brunei, I never saw a single hornbill. This, apparently, is the Malabar pied hornbill. I hadn't realised quite how big they were. I suppose it stands to reason though when you think about the weight on its head it would have to be quite big.
Yala: Crested Hawk Eagle
During our time in Sri Lanka we saw a massive range of wildlife: From blue whales to bee-eaters, peacocks to pelicans and elephants to eagles (and a whole bunch of other stuff too!).
This Crested Hawk Eagle was sat in tree by the side of the road tearing apart whichever poor, unfortunate beastie it had caught for it's tea.
This will be a blog about my latest shots and what I liked or was trying to do with them
I am a teacher of Economics and have worked in various schools in Europe & Asia. One of the things I love doing is getting out and about with my camera.
December 2019


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gtrendsR provides an interface for retrieving and displaying Google Trends information.
Trends (number of hits) over time as well as geographic representation of the results can be displayed.
Due to recent changes to Google Trends API, the CRAN version of the package is no longer working. If you want to continue to query Google Trends, you have to install the development version of the package. This will be soon deployed on CRAN.
In this simple example, trends for keywords
nba are retrieved for Canada and USA and then plotted from R.
Since release 1.3.0, the package is on CRAN and can be installed via
Release-candidate packages are available in the ghrr drat repository and can installed via
install.packages("drat") # easier repo access + creation
drat:::add("ghrr") # make it known
install.packages("gtrendsR") # install it
Development version (which may be less stable) can be installed directly from this repository via
if (!require("devtools")) install.packages("devtools")
If gtrendsR should be used behind a proxy, especially with NTLM authentication mode, you need to set the proxy parameters using "setHandleParameters" function
setHandleParameters(user = "xxxx", password = "*******", domain = "mydomain", proxyhost = "10.111.124.113", proxyport = 8080)
res <- gtrends(c("nhl", "nba"), geo = c("CA", "US"))
Philippe Massicotte and Dirk Eddelbuettel


text: The Importance of Life Insurance How prepared are you for the unexpected? There are many good reasons for purchasing a life insurance policy. And most of us, at some point in our lives, will realize that owning life insurance is very important to ensure our sense of security. Think of it as a safeguard for your family's quality of life. Accidents are inevitable, but if you are insured, your car will be repaired or your medical bills will get paid. Life insurance works the same way. It ensures that your family will not suffer the consequence of living without your earnings. Think of life insurance as a safeguard for your family's quality of life. Life insurance is that it is not as expensive as you might think. There are many factors that go into finding the right policy, and since Evans Wealth Planning is an independent practice, we can shop from thousands of policies to find the one that is appropriate for you and your family. Come in today for a complimentary consultation or contact us with any questions you may have. We are here to help preserve your financial future and your family's well-being. Schedule a Complimentary Consultation Here


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A Human Agency boasts an incredible wealth of talent. They're also not a bad looking bunch either. Get to know our amazing team!
George is a multifaceted senior leader with extensive experience as a transformational executive. Working with clients and internal stakeholders to achieve commercial growth, he builds successful business partnerships and utilises effective communication through a proactive, strategic and outcome-focused manner.


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This week we welcome Brad and McNally's Masquerade to NYTheSpirit.com.
The new schedule beings this week. You will find it posted on the site on Tuesday.
You will notice we have moved a few shows into different times slots. Much of this is a direct response to surveys of those we share the music with each day.
We have also positioned each DJ show to premiere within a prime time corresponding to that DJs location.
The Friday evening block of shows remains the same with the addition of McNally's Masquerade.


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Ask the Doctor: The Cost of Medical Care
With soaring medical costs and uncertain health insurance coverage, many parents now face a dilemma: How do you make sure your child receives the best possible health care while keeping medicals costs down and avoiding financial difficulties?
It's important to talk to your doctor about these concerns to ensure that you don't try and save money by skipping vital care and medications that could seriously compromise your child's health and cost you a lot more in the long run.
Bay Area Parent asked Ross DeHovitz, a pediatrician with the Palo Alto Medical Foundation, some specific questions on this issue.
Q: Some medications are so expensive. Is it OK to talk to my doctor about cheaper alternatives for my children when they are sick?
A: You should always feel comfortable talking to your doctor about the costs of any treatment or medications that he or she recommends for your family. Your doctor can then help determine the most effective treatment option for your child, while keeping the cost down.
For example, your doctor may be able to recommend a generic prescription or over-the-counter medication as an alternative to a more expensive brand-name drug. Rest assured that all generic medications, just like brand-name drugs, must be approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and are as safe and effective as their brand-name counterparts.
Check with your health insurance so you know what medications are covered under your particular plan and if your co-pay will be less if you opt for a generic medication.
Q: I've just lost my health insurance and my baby is due for some of her vaccinations. Can I skip them and wait till I have health insurance again?
A: It's important not to skip or defer any of your baby's vaccinations to protect her against dangerous and life-threatening diseases. Although we often think of diseases such as tetanus, polio and measles as a thing of the past, these serious illnesses are still very much out there.
To protect everybody effectively against an outbreak of such a disease, at least 90 percent of the population needs to be vaccinated. (Some people cannot get vaccinated due to health issues such as cancer and some don't respond to the vaccine; so it's important to get vaccinated unless your doctor recommends otherwise.)
Don't be tempted to defer any immunizations to a later date as there are good reasons behind the timing of the Center for Disease Control's (CDC) vaccination schedule that your doctor follows. The recommended vaccination schedule takes into account when a baby or child is most at risk for contracting certain diseases and at what age vaccines are most effective.
Ask your doctor or check with your county to find local community health clinics that provide immunizations and health care at no cost for uninsured patients.
Q: We have health insurance for our family, but no dental insurance; do I really need to take my kids for regular dental check-ups?
A: Remember that your child won't be able to do well at school or enjoy playing with his or her friends if he or she is suffering from a toothache. Taking your child to the dentist regularly will help make sure your child's teeth stay healthy and don't develop cavities that require painful and expensive procedures such as fillings, crowns and root canals.
As part of a regular dental check-up, the dentist or hygienist also teaches your child to brush and floss their teeth correctly and develop life-long good hygiene habits for healthy, cavity-free teeth. Check with your county for local community dental clinics and programs for uninsured patients.
Q: My 6-year-old son has asthma and his doctor has prescribed regular medication. He seems healthy right now. Can I reduce the treatments to keep the medication costs down?
A: The best possible way to make sure your son stays healthy and keep your health care costs down is to carefully follow the care and medication routine prescribed by your doctor. In addition, regular check-ups will ensure that illnesses, such as coughs, do not go on too long and cause lung damage later in life. If your son's asthma gets out of control, he'll need more medication and may need to go to the emergency room, which is very frightening for your son and also costs a lot more than routine care.
Q: My 12-year-old daughter has been picked for the school soccer team and the school requires a signed physical form from her doctor. She's healthy, so do I really need to take her to the doctor for a physical exam? I'm trying to keep our family's medical expenses down.
A: Don't be tempted to skip your daughter's annual physical exam, as this is an important and regular opportunity for your doctor to make sure her vaccinations are up to date and to talk to your child about important health issues such as her diet, exercise and sleep. As your child gets older, this can also be an opportunity for your doctor to discuss difficult topics, such as the risks of alcohol and drug experimentation.
Remember that regular check-ups will both encourage your daughter to develop a trusting relationship with her doctor and help her develop healthy life-style habits that could lower your health care costs.
Ross E. DeHovitz, M.D., is a board-certified pediatrician at the Palo Alto Medical Foundation's Palo Alto Center. Advice is not intended to take the place of an exam or diagnosis by a physician.
Ask the Doctor
Do you have a child/family-oriented health concern? We will publish questions and answers of interest to readers. Send your question, along with your contact information (for confirmation only, not for publication) to:
Subject line: Ask the Doctor
Or write to: Ask the Doctor
Bay Area Parent
985 University Ave., Suite 30
Los Gatos, CA 95032


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Link exchange with us !
These pages contain a large number of only travel related links to other useful web sites. So, do you have travel related websites with better google ranking and want to share or exchange your travel websites with us?. If yes, than add the below details and get back to us. We check our link in your sites than we add your links for sure.
Title: Trekking Tours in Nepal Himalaya
URL : https://www.gokyotreksnepal.com
Description: Nepal Trekking Tours Peak Climbing within affordable price.
Or Copy and Paste our HTML Code:
Want you a private tour trekking guidefor your holiday in Nepal Himalaya ? than book your private trekking guide, private tour guide or independent trek tour guide or porterguide within lowest price.Travel and Language Directory – Worldwide Travel sites and Language resources. Hotel, airline, tourism bureaus, State Tourism offices, Language Schools, Dictionaries and more.
Reisen nach Tibet – Tibet intensiv erkunden mit dem Tibet Reise Experte.


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Iemanjá: A Tribute to Ana Cabral by CSHS Cedar Theatre
Iemanjá: A Tribute to Ana Cabral
Cedar Shoals Fine Arts Auditorium, CSHS, Athens, GA
April 2728th, 2019
4/27 Sat: 7:00 pm (with reception afterwards)
4/28 Sun: 3:00 pm
Adults: $12.00
FREE for Cedar Shoals High School students with ID
Online ticket sales on Facebook: cedarshoalstheatre
On April 27th and 28th, 2019, Cedar Shoals High School students will present Iemanjá, a performance dedicated to Ana Barbara Martins Cabral, a much beloved, 17-year-old Brazilian exchange student who passed away on April, 5, 2019.
Led by Rosemary Milsap, Director of Cedar of Theater, Iemanjá will showcase Cedar theater students' talents while paying tribute to Ms. Cabral's exuberant and exceptional spirit. Comprised of musical and comedic performance acts, poetry and original music-all the acts testify to the students' deep love and appreciation for Ms. Cabral.
The showcase's title, Lemanja, is the name of a Yoruban water spirit whom Ms. Cabral admired. The spirit image on the show poster and our social media was drawn by Havivah Saltz, a friend Iemanjá fellow theater student.
In honor of Ms. Cabral's national origin, a reception will be held after the Saturday, April, 27th performance only, featuring traditional Brazilian cuisine prepared by Emanuel Stone, Community Chef & Culinary Arts Coordinator for Clarke County School District and his Career Academy students.
Cedar Shoals High School's Theatre program gives students many opportunities to develop leadership skills; ones that stay with them long after the curtain falls. They take on major responsibilities, such as Set Designer, Lighting Designer, Choreographer or Student Director; and everyone works behind the scenes as well as on the boards. In the case of Lemanja the entire production was created with input from the Advanced Theater students and other student friends of Ms. Cabral.
The performances are FREE for Cedar Shoals High School students with ID
Press & Donation Inquiries: firstname.lastname@example.com
General Theater Dept. Inquiries: email@example.com
Sunday, April 28, 2019
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We make every effort to provide useful and accurate information. Sometimes event details change or we receive inacurate information. We review public submissions but cannot guarantee thier accuracy. We encourage you to contact event coordinators and venues to confirm event details before planning to attend. If you notice inaccurate information, please contact us.


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Robert Wayne Duke
May 18, 1967 - September 08, 2019
Robert Wayne Duke, 52, of Port Neches, died Sunday, September 8, 2019. He was born May 18, 1967, in Beaumont, to June Morley Duke and M.J. Duke.
Robert worked in the landscaping industry. He was lovingly known to his grandchildren as Poppy. He was an active member with Kairos in prison ministries where he was nicknamed, Brother Two-Tone. In the pirate community, he was known as Captain Red Rob Le Duke.
He is survived by his mother, June Duke, of Nederland; wife, Anna "Shelley" Duke, of Port Neches; daughter, Brittany McGraw and her husband, Chris, of Kennesaw, Georgia; son, Eric Duke, of Nederland; step-daughter, Mackenzie Scott, of Groves; stepsons, Robert and John Zukowski, of Port Neches; grandchildren, Cayleigh McGraw; and Avery and Abigail Greenwood; siblings, Mike Duke and his wife, Lori; Andrew Duke; and Carolyn Duke Martin; and numerous nieces and nephews.
Robert is preceded in death by his father, M.J. Duke; son, Johnathan Duke; and sister-in-law, Dianne Duke.
A gathering of Mr. Duke's family and friends will begin at 9:00 a.m., with his funeral service at 10:00 a.m., Friday, September 13, 2019, at Broussard's, 505 North 12th Street, Nederland. His interment will be at 11:30 a.m., Saturday, September 14, 2019, at Jackson Cemetery, 11120 Highway 7 East, Joaquin, Texas.


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Only two more shopping days
with SuzAnna's Antiques Station before
Come see us 10-5 Friday or Saturday!
We still have tons of wonderful gifts for your
shopping pleasure!
Come let us help you find that special
item that "they" can't live without
from SuzAnna's Antiques Station!
You won't find these items at your
local chain store! And don't you
want to give them a gift they will
treasure forever??
See you soon at SuzAnna's Antiques Station!
Keep an eye on our facebook pages,
we can't wait for you to see our
brand new shop in Rolesville!
Opening January 2019!


text:
Yesterday sits disgraced,
Mired thick with pursuit.
Your identity was lost,
But given back tenfold.
Jumping In The Mosh Pit Of Life With You
While you were off forgetting yourself,
Abba had His arms wrapped around you, whispering
"I love you.
Not just the yet-to-be best version of you,
Not just the past version of you before you forgot yourself.
I love you.
Remember who you are.
You are loved."
You really did forget who you were, didn't you?
No matter.
Love has always loved you, which makes you who you are.
When you live with a shovel in your hand,
Tossing dirt on yourself in the pit you made,
You are dead.
When you live adjusting your mask so others see it just right,
Assuring others are fooled with your perfected painful presentation,
You are dead.
When you live running past opportunity,
Fearful of all the failures you foresee,
You are dead.
But when you find your identity
you serve others,
When you live your identity
you live wide awake,
When you rest in your identity
you honor what you are made for.


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I feel a bit like I'm spamming up the woman's thread so I thought I'd move my question into a new one.
How do the martial artists on here deal with the effects of the negative thinking that go along with practicing their art?
If you take away the physical side for a minute: consider where devoting many hours a week to contemplating the worst that can happen will leave you.
How do you guys cope with that? Especially if you've been the victim of an attack and that has lead you to start training. Isn't that bound to compound your already distorted perception of the dangers around you?
If your coping mechanism has been increasing your skills and fitness levels (to battle against your ever expanding imagined threat of attack), how would you deal with losing them through injury, illness or old age?
I'm trying to promote my new theories on sunshine, happiness, badminton and relentless positivity as an alternative to conventional self defense


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Strong December retail trade was recorded by the Flanagan & Gerard Property Development & Investment portfolio of shopping centres, with its top performing mall growing turnover by 18%.
South African consumers took to the shopping centres around the country to maximise on the Black Friday deals on offer hosted by retailers representing all categories from toys to electronics.
With a 21% increase in shopper numbers on Black Friday, continuous growth in trade throughout the year, an improved shopping experience and all the added festive shopping services anyone could want, Mall of the North is expecting a bumper Christmas season.
Over one million people shopped at Mall of the North in December 2015, breaking all previous records at the mall.
Mall of the North in Polokwane, Limpopo, has announced exciting new additions to its powerful retail line-up, all set to open before the festive season.
International luxury knitwear brand Pringle is set to open at Mall of the North in Polokwane, Limpopo. With other new retail brands, it brings even more shopping variety to the super-regional Mall of the North in Polokwane, Limpopo.
Festive shopper numbers rocketed by roughly 16% at Mall of the North super-regional shopping centre in Polokwane in December 2012, defying the prevailing tough economic conditions in South Africa.
Cotton On's fun fashion concept Factorie is the latest star in South Africa's retail constellation. It will soon open at the 75,000sqm super-regional Mall of the North, in Polokwane, Limpopo.
Leading names in local and international retail will add even more shopping variety to the 75,000sqm super-regional Mall of the North in Polokwane, Limpopo
eProperty News is a leading online commercial property marketplace serving the Southern African Investment, Office, Retail and Industrial property and allied sectors.


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Utah Governor Gary Herbert signed HB 244 into law in late March in what is seen as a step toward immigration reform in the state. HB 244 puts an end to misdemeanor convictions being interpreted as aggravated felonies for noncitizens. This helps those accused of crimes that are petty as shoplifting to avoid automatic deportation. HB 244 accomplishes its purpose by reducing the maximum possible misdemeanor sentence in the state by one day—to 364 days instead of 365, allowing circumvention of a federal immigration law that treats state misdemeanors as felonies when the potential sentence for the offender is one year or more.
While the passage of HB 244 is a win for immigrants, it doesn't take away the threat of deportation for noncitizens, including those living in the U.S. on temporary visas and those who are here illegally. The value of having a clean record cannot be overstated. If you have been charged with a crime in Utah or even convicted of a crime, it is important that you discuss your situation with our Salt Lake City deportation defense lawyers right away. Your choice of legal counsel in your deportation case is one of the most important decisions you will ever make.
Bypassing an Unjust Federal Law
The archaic federal immigration law that HBB 244 bypasses often results in devastating deportations that rip families apart. In Utah and elsewhere, this unjust federal regulation has seen several classes of immigrants, from victims of domestic abuse and refugees to holders of green cards, being stripped of their immigration statuses and subjected to mandatory deportation. Even in cases where a judge sentences the offender to less than the full year, the old federal law was triggered. This resulted in deportation even for suspended sentences or sentences of less than 30 days were doled out by the courts. Immigration judges' hands are tied too; they are afforded no discretion when carrying out federal immigration law. Luckily, with HB 244's passage, Utahns don't have to worry about falling down that rabbit hole again.
Unanimous Passage
Utah is not the first state to pass what is being dubbed a 364-day law. California, Nevada and Washington also have such protections in place. New York and Colorado have adopted similar laws on the heels of Utah's HB 244 passage. Such laws are not necessary in stats where the maximum penalty for misdemeanors is less than 365 days. Despite anticipation that HB 244 would face resistance during its trip to the governor's desk, it passed both chambers unanimously.
Deportation Threats
At Familia America, we are a voice for the many immigrant clients that we serve. We will fight for you to help you remain in this country and do our best to help you attain legal status. You are not alone. Contact our Salt Lake City deportation defense attorney as soon as possible following your arrest to discuss your legal options and determine if your alleged offense qualifies for deportation under the law. Give us a call at 801-656-9605 now to get in touch with our compassionate team.
Tags: Automatic Deportation, Deportation Defense Attorney, HB 244, Protecting Noncitizens, Signed Into Law


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The best games for book lovers? WORD GAMES. Naturally.
Most readers enjoy good old-fashioned analog fun (as opposed to app- or screen-based games). When those games involve words, stories, and mystery? Even better.
Don't get these games to "teach reading" or "work on letter skills." No, no, friends. Get these games to play with your young (and old) readers because they're great family fun. Bonus: readers are naturally good at word games, so these will play to your family's strengths!
Also many word games are fairly inexpensive (at least when compared with big strategy-type board games). Win win!
Best Games for Book Lovers
Note: All of these games have been tested–and played multiple times–in our own households. We are only recommending our personal faves. And, since we love to hear from our readers, be sure to let us know what we've missed in the comments!
*indicate stocking stuffer ideas: games tiny enough to be tucked into a stocking.
Fine print: We are participants in the Amazon LLC affiliate program; purchases you make through affiliate links like the one below may earn us a commission. Read more.
- Rory's Story Starter Cubes* (all ages; there are lots of options!)
- Zingo Sight Words (preschool through 2nd grade)
- Scrabble, Jr. (ages 5+; one of the better "junior" games out there)
- Pathwords, Jr (ages 6+; this makes a great travel game, but the price has jumped–watch for a sale)
- Appleletters* (ages 6+; more of a collaborative game than Banangrams)
- Boggle (ages 8+; a classic)
- Quiddler* (ages 7+; highly recommended and words can be as small as 2 letters long)
- Scrabble (Ages 8+; still a great game after all these years)
- Upwords (Ages 8+; similar to Scrabble or Banagrams, but you build the words on top of other words)
- Apples to Apples, Jr. (ages 9+; an excellent version to consider; the regular version expects more trivia knowledge, particularly of pop culture, that kids might not know yet)
- Word Around* (ages 10+; nice and quick–play for a few minutes if that's all you have)
- Banangrams* (ages 10+; it's hard to find the original by itself; link goes to a joint set with the original game plus a jr. version; there's also a double version with extra tiles–good for families with more than 4 players!)
- In a Pickle (ages 10+; clever word game involving multiple re-interpretations of the meaning of words; be prepared for some debating with this one as well as some creative thinking)
- Balderdash (ages 10+; preview cards first; this version looks a little different in style from the one we know, but claims to be the old favorite)
- Code Names (Ages 10+; this one is lots of fun in groups that are readers because books become terrific clues)
- Telestrations (ages 12+ per manufacturer, but we've played with younger kids. Pictionary meets the old-fashioned game of Telephone; good for groups!)
- Apples to Apples (Ages 12+; the "Junior" edition is every bit as robust as the regular, so if you have younger kids or a wide age range, don't hesitate to get the Jr edition listed above)
- Scattergories (Ages 12+; quick, what's a fictional character that starts with "M"?)
- Taboo (Ages 13+; preview cards first; this is a fun group game)
Readers, what are YOUR favorite word games to play with your families? Let us know in the comments!
Want more bookish Christmas ideas? You can find all of our Christmas gift lists in one place, or browse this year's additions:
- Gift-Worthy New Books for Kids and Teens
- {coming soon} Gift-Worthy Classics for Kids and Teens
- {coming soon} Gifts for Book Lovers (stocking stuffers, scarves, and more!)
FREE Summer Reading Book List
More than 75 books for children and teens, all about islands, oceans, and more. Bonus: get a free hand-drawn reading tracker!


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UK: Great Wall replaces Daihatsu in importer's line
Daihatsu, which announced last week it would be out of Europe by 2013, is already in retreat from the UK. International Motors, the current importer, has dropped the Japanese brand after many years of trying to get it better established and has instead turned to China's Great Wall which already ships right-hand drive models to export markets like Australia.
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Low input agriculture and good agricultural practices (agriculture extensive Et bonnes pratiques agricoles). A manual for field workers.
Nowadays, there is growing concern about agricultural activities leading to environmental degradation and health risks associated with intensively produced foodstuffs. As a result interest in organic agriculture is increasing. This growing interest in sustainable and organic natural resource management and healthy eating, coupled with the increasing number of resource-poor farmers who cannot afford agrichemicals, has led to the potential for organic farming in addressing the issue of sustainable food production and livelihoods of resource-poor people.


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D.G. Corneil
Editor, Discrete Applied Mathematics University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Send an email to D.G. Corneil
To send an email to D.G. Corneil please complete the short form below. Please note that all enquiries should relate specifically to Discrete Applied Mathematics.
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When: Now retired
Registration: N/A
Information below is for 2017
Fast or slow or anywhere in between, anyone can win the Y2Y Time Prediction Run!
Predict how long it will take you to run/walk the 6.0 mile distance without the use of watches, GPS, or any timing devices. The winners are selected based on the finishers who are closest to their predicted time.
Proceeds will benefit the Cedar Rapids Metro Area Y Association to continue funding Livestrong at the YMCA program (not that other Livestrong Foundation). This is a local program to assist those in an Cancer Exercise Recovery Program.
Packet Pickup
Packet pick-up and late registration is from 1:00 p.m. – 4:00 p.m. on Saturday and from 7:00 a.m. – 7:45 a.m. on Sunday before the race.
The route follows the Cedar Valley Nature Trail. The Trail is open to the public, you may encounter walkers, runners or bicyclists. Please use caution and extend courtesy to all trail users. The roads are open to traffic so use sidewalks where appropriate. The new course for 2017 is 6.0 miles.
Start times:
8:00 a.m. Predicted time to finish over 1 hour.
8:15 a.m. Predicted time to finish under 1 hour.
Finish Line: Official timing and course closes at 10:00 a.m.
The closest to their predicted time receives a One Year Adult Membership to the YMCA. Additional prizes for 2nd and 3rd time closest to predicted time to finish, plus Overall Winner (fastest time to complete race) and a few other surprise prizes for participants. Awards, prizes, refreshments and socializing inside the downtown YMCA after the last finishers complete the course.


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$3 Million To Improve Niagara Falls State Park
From MyTwinTiers.com:
The state has launched a more than $3 million project to improve Niagara Falls State Park, New York's most-visited Park.
On Tuesday, workers began blocking off public access to the Three Sisters Islands and Luna Island viewing areas on the American side of the Falls. The project calls for $2 million in upgrades to Three Sisters and another $1.1 in improvements to Luna Island.


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Roy Hodgson heads to Wearside this afternoon hoping to discover a World Cup midfielder.
In-form Adam Johnson is the reason for his rare foray to the North East but might Jack Colback – arguably Sunderland's next most-improved player after the former Manchester City winger – catch his eye too?
It is not as far-fetched as it sounds. For a start, there are precious few English players who actually play regularly in the Premier League. Colback was one of only 189 who played in the English top flight last season, and one of only 149 who played more than five games for their team.
His case is based on more than just paltry numbers, though. Even though we know the reasons against and that nay-sayers will argue that it is impossible for someone who doesn't even have an England under-21 cap to gatecrash football's biggest party, Colback is entitled to dream.
For a start, he is that rare combination of the right passport and that elusive quality in English midfielders: taking care of the ball. If Hodgson is prepared to take a gamble on a young English midfielder, he could do worse than Colback, who cherishes possession, rarely gives the ball away and has more than 100 Premier League appearances under their belt.
Given the changes Gus Poyet has made recently, Colback might be about to make more of a mark in attack. Last weekend, against hometown club Newcastle, he was part of an engine-room effort that overwhelmed Alan Pardew's Magpies. Poyet's suggestion is that with Liam Bridcutt available, his flame-haired charge will get more of a free role to add to his three-goal Premier League tally.
There can be no doubt that his manager rates him sufficiently to put forward his case for a higher profile. Asked whether Colback might make the most of Hodgson's appearance in Wearside, he said: "I like that (idea)!
"Listen there's 23 going to the World Cup, 18 are there already – maybe even 19 or 20. There's two or three places that will depend on injuries or someone having an unbelievable end to the season. There's always one that goes who no one expects. I remember Theo Walcott went and no one expected that. There's always a reason.
"I think the manager of the national team is looking for that player. It's an opportunity – not only for Adam but for other players. It depends what you do on the pitch."
It is incredible to think that at the start of the season, Paolo Di Canio was trying to construct a case to keep him on the basis that he would perform mostly as a left-back for Sunderland. Martin O'Neill had thought the same but Poyet is incredulous that he would be utilised as anything other than a central midfielder.
"I remember at the beginning when I played Jack in the middle of the park and said: 'It's not difficult, is it, to play a player where he performs the best'.
"One day you can ask him to play as a full-back because he is needed there because you've made a few changes or because you need to take a risk but without any doubt he's a central midfielder. If you want to get the best from your players, the best decision is to play them where they play the best. That's his best position.
"I tried him in a deeper position in case Lee wasn't fit or Ki wasn't playing in that position well but no. His position is the one ahead of the central midfielder. He's got the legs, he presses and he passes the ball well. He cares a lot about the ball, which people don't always see.
"Now he's started to make the extra runs into the box which is great for us because we need people pressing, especially with the system. So who knows?"
Goals are something that Colback needs to add to his game to emerge on the Three Lions radar. His cool, precise finish at St James' Park acts as proof that he has the potential to score more – now Poyet expects to see him prove that in a more advanced role.
"I think he will (start to score)," he said. "The problem is that I don't think he's been in that position too many times.
"When you are not used to being in front of goal and then you find yourself in that position, it's not that you panic, it's just that you want to score so much.
"Now, the options are there for him to get shots and opportunities, and even in training, I think he finds it easier to be in front of the goalkeeper. It's a skill. That's why strikers are incredible, because they score from anywhere.
"But having the ability to score is not that easy."
It is Johnson's goals that have propelled him back into England recognition, which is not something that he would have dared to dream about when Poyet relegated him to the bench in the New Year.
Back then it seemed like the latest act in an unfulfilled Sunderland career that looked certain to end in a January separation, if the Black Cats could persuade anyone to come up with the sort of cash that they paid for him in the summer of 2012.
But his response was stirring – reacting to Poyet's tactical tinkering by starting to produce the kind of performances that have given him hope of adding to his 12 Three Lions caps. He has not played since a friendly in Italy in 2012, but according to Poyet at least he has one foot on the plane to Brazil.
"If the England manager was picking a squad today, I think Adam would be in it," Poyet said.
"But I don't think any manager from a national team is going to rely on a player who has had one good month. We need to be saying the same things about come June, and if we do that, we will have a good player.
"We will have a player who you know is going to do something good if he is taken to the World Cup.
"Of course he's going to have bad games, but the idea is that you know what you are going to get, and before it was difficult. I think now we are in a different situation. It helps that he is getting used to playing with the players around him.
"He is in a relationship with Phil Bardsley, they know how to help each other. When you start building that with little groups of players, you become a better team.
"We changed a lot, but now there is a bit of consistency in the team for him to do it. He needs to maintain this level – if not, it is going to be difficult for him to make it."
Whether England are anything more than rank outsiders in Brazil, the debate around Johnson is whether he can fit into a plan for South America in the summer.
"I don't know exactly how England will play (in Brazil), but you would imagine they will have to play a certain way because of the conditions and that should suit Adam's style," he said.
"There will be moments where the game is flat and the tempo drops away, and that is where you need somebody to make something happen. That spark is what we were missing a few months ago, but it is what Adam has provided for us. He has helped the whole thing come together, but you need players to make a difference, and he is one of the ones that has done that the most."


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the power of a pause
Identity then revelation of purpose
Have you ever felt like you needed to step away from something in order to see it more clearly?
The FAther is jealous for you
It had been building up for a long time. I have been seeking God in a deeper way in the last 2 years. The powder keg, so to speak, exploded after coming back from Carolina Revival on October 6, 2018. I don't know exactly what happened, why, or how. I just know there was an encounter with Yeshua that I desperately needed. I let go of somethings, but I gained something too. I just didn't know exactly what. After a day of pondering of all this, I was given permission to pause. I felt the Spirit, saying, "just stop for a minute," it was a deep unction within me to push pause on any spiritual influences outside of this one thing: devotion. I heard pause from church for a minute, enjoy this season, stop performing, stop striving. Spend time with your family and with Me. That's it.
The power is not actually in the pause, the power is in obedience to Christ.
At the time I had told two different people I would praise dance with them. I'm a woman of my word, even to a fault sometimes. I delayed obedience to this unction of the Spirit to complete these two praise dances and then...I stopped. Like I said in my previous post, I was spending time with family, including Kingdom family outside of church. However during this time, the main attraction was of course Jesus Himself. I knew He was positioning me. That's why, no matter who you think you are, when God tells you to push pause, you push pause brothers and sisters. No matter who gets offended, misunderstands, or turns their back on you.
There is only one place you NEED to be
The True Vine
15 "I am the true vine, and My Father is the vinedresser. 2 Every branch in Me that does not bear fruit He [a]takes away; and every branch that bears fruit He prunes, that it may bear more fruit. 3 You are already clean because of the word which I have spoken to you. 4 Abide in Me, and I in you. As the branch cannot bear fruit of itself, unless it abides in the vine, neither can you, unless you abide in Me.
5 "I am the vine, you are the branches. He who abides in Me, and I in him, bears much fruit; for without Me you can do nothing. 6 If anyone does not abide in Me,he is cast out as a branch and is withered; and they gather them and throw them into the fire, and they are burned. 7 If you abide in Me, and My words abide in you,you[b] will ask what you desire, and it shall be done for you. 8 By this My Father is glorified, that you bear much fruit; so you will be My disciples." - Yeshua
John 15 (NKJV)
It's amazing how Christians apply certain concepts we hear in church to our lives, but we don't know what Jesus actually said. For example, church leaders say " you need to be planted at a church." The intention behind the concept is based on good intentions, however, Jesus never said that. He said we needed to be connected to Him. Abide. There are many people committed to a church building that are not committed to Christ in their daily decisions. They are not connected to the Vine. Commitment to attendance is no good if that commitment is not producing an abiding in Christ that leads to deepening roots in Christ; growth. Remember Ephesians 4, church government is designed to cultivate your relationship with Christ not grow the business of church. I don't want to receive a text message every time I miss a church event. I want to receive a text message that makes sure I sought out the secret place that day. That's the kind of accountability that produces abiding believers who walk in consecration and change their world.
I don't want to go off on a rant about religion here. Although, I just might. There are too many church-goers who become fascinated by believers who live a life of consecration, actually love people, and make hard decisions to honor Christ and others behind closed doors. This fascination, is the fruit of dysfunction in the body of Christ. People supplement their lack of authentic Christ-centered devotion by making sure others see them as devoted, kind of like the Pharisees:
"Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! For you are like whitewashed tombs which indeed appear beautiful outwardly, but inside are full of dead men's bones and all uncleanness." - Yeshua (Matthew 23:27)
I purposefully want to make a distinction between church-goers and believers. They are not the same. Abiding in Jesus is much more than attending church. I would even dare say modern "church" is a distraction from the family Jesus sought to create. Assembling yourself with other believers is a beautiful thing that adds incredible stability, accountability, and joy. Spiritual authority in your life is most beneficial and you will miss out on a lot without it. However, what is most important, is to cultivate a close enough relationship with Jesus, so that you hear His voice clearly. Especially if you are a leader of any kind including of a household. And sometimes, the seeking to hear His voice, requires you to silence a few others for a season.
John 14:26
But the Helper, the Holy Spirit, whom the Father will send in My name, He will teach you all things, and bring to your remembrance all things that I said to you.
Desiree Cummings is a Licensed Clinical Social Worker, Dancer, Fitness Enthusiasts, Foodie and Vlogger.
February 2020


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Icon Realty - Shane Aitken - For Results In Real Estate™
With over $300million in confirmed sales and over 30 years Industry Knowledge - Shane is a proven Industry Leader having once held the position of Number One Agent in NZ!
From the day Shane started his career in real estate, he knew that to excel he had to LIST and SELL properties as well as offer a service to his clients that far exceeded their expectations.
He wanted to give them informed advice on the property market and a commitment to always go the extra distance to achieve results.
Shane says if a SALE is what you need - then look no further, call me on 0274 328 128 today.........I look forward to hearing from you! Shane Aitken - Licensed Salesperson (REAA) 2008


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Ray-Ban Erika rb4171 sunglasses are the perfect accessory to complete any look. Featuring both classic and Bright rubber fronts, metal temples and tone-on-tone temple tips, Ray-Ban Erika sunglasses will set your look apart from the crowd.
Ray-Ban is the world's most iconic eyewear brand and is a global leader in its sector. Every model in the Ray-Ban collection is the product of meticulous, original styling that translates the best of the latest fashion trends into an ever-contemporary look for millions of Ray-Ban wearers around the world. From the early Aviator style that emerged in 1937 to the introduction of the classic Wayfarer in 1952, Ray-Ban is a brand that embodies America and adventure, great cities and wide-open spaces, heroism, individuality, and authenticity. Starting with a silver screen debut in 1961, Ray-Ban sunglasses have appeared throughout hundreds of films and have been a favorite on the Hollywood scene for years, both on and off the screen. With timeless and imaginative styles, Ray-Ban consistently blends high-tech design, lenses, and materials. Â The collection remains true to its classic heritage while continuously evolving to meet today's fashion demands.
- 100% Nylon
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Search the Community
Showing results for tags 'jewellery'.
Found 3 results
[MOC] Modular Jewellery Store
Mestari posted a topic in LEGO TownThis is my fourth modular building and first one that really got me angry at LEGO. I'll explain that at this end of my post. This is a Jewellery Store at the ground floor, followed by an apartment on first and second floors. What I wanted to achieve with this build was to have a living space that was complete. Eventually I missed the bathroom having only toilet there. What I did crammed in there is the living room, kitchen and toilet on the first floor and two bedrooms on the second floor (the little boy has blankets made of reindeer skin ;) ). There is also a storing room on the ground floor and a swing for the boy (where he left his teddy bear). I have also made a little area surrounded by foliage overgrown stone wall. The entry to the apartment is through the gate and at the side of the building. So, let's have a look at all of the modules together: First let's have a closer look at the ground floor: and a view from the back: and a front with LOVELY dark green bricks. Each in different version of what was supposed to be the same colour: Now for the first floor with living room, kitchen and toilet: and the last floor: Here is another view of the building: and now I'll tell you what made me angry (apart from those dark greens, that is). First, it was also DBGs and bright pink that were all over the place with colour accuracy. Have a look at that: Then, much more serious trouble. This is what happened when I tried to build with 1x2 bricks: Nice, isn't it? It was even worse if you kept on building like that so I had to disassemble everything and start again, but this time I had to use 1x4 bricks as much as I could to avoid warping the baseplate and rising the whole building. Pathetic. But it's not all. Later came 1x2 plates. This is what those do: Same thing, but here I need only one layer of them and was albo counter fight this effect with 1x4 bricks on top. Lastly, cheese slopes. I have 2x6 of them on the front. You guessed it right. On the left side 4 out of 6 cracked. Because. I was rather displeased, to say the least as those are all new bricks and I have more similar stories to tell lately so I contacted LEGO service via e-mail. They politely told me to sod off. Only after me calling them I was able to get replacement for broken and cracked pieces. Shame on you LEGO... :/ PS. Full gallery for this modular is here: http://bricksafe.com...jewellery-store
Hint lab - 3D printed jewelry made for Lego Bricks
leoparder posted a topic in CommunityAfter many months of work, I am happy to present you Hint lab ! I would love to get your input on my work :) Why ? You know it better than anyone, many people have a strong emotional attachment to our little bricks. They remind us of our childhood, they represent creative thinking etc. Lego bricks can be found in almost every home around the world. They come in many shapes and colors that make them ideal for customization and assortment. I realized a lot of people like to match their accessories to their outfits. Matching shoes to shirt, bag to watch... I wish to associate these ideas together. So I present you : Hint Lab. Hint lab is a range of jewelry in precious metal and nylon that allow you to wear Lego bricks and match them to your outfit. More HD photos here. What do you think of it ? Do you think there is a market for this kind of products ? I want to improve the range, do not hesitate to tell me if you have any suggestion :)
[MOC] Jewelled Egg
Swan Dutchman posted a topic in Special LEGO ThemesThe most famous jewelled eggs are the Fabergé eggs made by Peter Carl Fabergé between 1885 and 1917 for the Russian Tsars Alexander III and Nicholas II. The Tsars presented the eggs as Easter gifts for their wives and mothers. I always liked jewelled eggs, but unfortunately they are just unaffordable (well, the real ones at least...). I just had to make a LEGO version! Like many jewelled eggs, it has a theme and contains a surprise inside: it's a wedding egg! This egg is dedicated to my dear brother and his wife whom recently got married! Hurray! Do you have something to celebrate as well? Or do you want to give something pretty to your best friend or beloved? (or treat yourself) ... make sure to support this project on LEGO Ideas to turn it into an official LEGO set! LEGO Ideas: https://ideas.lego.com/projects/119852


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Women's Linen Blend Top
Product code: AB11611
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About This Item
Effortlessly cool but equally elegant, this bestseller is back in our brilliantly easy linen-blend, plus new shades and stripes for spring! Length approx 26.5" (67cm)
Machine Washable
55% Linen 45% Viscose
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Rated 5 out of 5 by Desert Belle from Pink floral favourite! I bought the pink floral and plain navy for winter in Arizona. Ended up taking just the pink floral, washed and wore it over and over, it gets better after a few washes, softens. The most comfy, go-to top and cool enough for the hot sunny days. Navy will be an English Spring top with a bright scarf. Versatile wonderful tops!!
Date published: 2020-02-03
Rated 5 out of 5 by Pattie 47 from Lovely Top Love this top. I bought a size 14 and would say it is generous all over. Lovely linen blend top. Not too thin. Had any compliments on it. Great quality. Bought in the sale so great value.
Date published: 2019-07-20
Rated 5 out of 5 by Lady mpc from Lovely cool linen blend Well made and very comfortable to wear. Love the linen blend. Easy to wear. Lovely with jeans or trousers. Smart casual.
Date published: 2019-06-24
Rated 5 out of 5 by Susan Stanley from Fab top A really lovely summer top, great fit and shape - got this for my mum and she's really pleased with it!. A versatile top as it would look great with trousers or on it's own on the beach
Date published: 2019-06-20
Rated 5 out of 5 by Gardening mo from Very comfortable to wear and lovely colours Very comfortable top to wear, lovely bright colours.the longer sleeves good to cover 'batwings'
Date published: 2019-06-18
Rated 5 out of 5 by Ann McQuade from Beautiful top can wear casual or dressed up Love this top and enjoy the linen bled It feels lovely to touch I would recommend this top
Date published: 2019-05-28
Rated 5 out of 5 by Mandy E from Fab to wear! Really comfortable top, great fit and perfect for casual or slightly dressier situations. Fabric has a lovely feel on the skin too.
Date published: 2019-05-27
Rated 5 out of 5 by Doreen 3358 from Absolutely love this top Great top. Lovely material and great fit. Wish i could get it in more colours!
Date published: 2019-05-04
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2020 Brochure
Powder fertiliser and turf hardeing treatment 68 g per square metre. NPK 3 - 0 - 0 + 7% Fe
Battersby's Lawn Sand Extra is a traditional dry lawn sand formulation fertilizer for turf hardening and stimulation of growth in sports and amenity turf areas. Lawn Sand extra contains 7% Fe which is twice as much Iron than most lawn sands.
Apply : March - October


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To see someone on stage, being authentic and powerful at the same time, captivating their audience, conveying a message that comes from passion and determination, that is what gives me goosebumps. To see people grow as a public speaker is my reason for waking up every morning. I believe that when they grow, their audience grows, and I grow with them. I work with companies that believe in the power of progress. I have made it my mission to help them move from the standard way of presenting (focussed on facts, figures and data) to a new and fresh way of presenting in which the speaker truly inspires action. A very important part when training speakers, is dealing nerves and mindset. A lot of people stay silent because they are afraid of what will happen when they speak up. It is my goal to let these people experience what they are capable of when they start to really use their voice. Do you want to enable your people to become unstoppable forces on stage? Feel free to contact me by email: firstname.lastname@example.com or phone: +31614936523
#Storytelling, #PublicSpeaking #anxietycoaching #grouptraining #workshops #firstimpressions #nonverbalcommunication
I will help you to be confident and convincing at your next speaking engagement. We can work on your story, the delivery or deal with any nerves you might have. Together we will make your that your audience will be engaged from a to z
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