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Genre: pre-K and young readers Words on My Table is a fun interactive book for the toddlers and young readers in your life. They will spell and read items they find on their own tables. It was designed for the new popup features in Kindles. Don't miss this book for your child's new Kindle for Kids. Haven't bought a new Kindle for Kids yet? You can read Words on My Table with your little ones on your own Kindle. Who doesn't like a popup? Check it out now. Link to buy … [Read more...] about FEATURED BOOK: Words on My Table by Ann Streetman
Animals Outside Our Window by Ann Streetman
This book is meant to delight the adult reader as well as the little one who listens and sees it on an ebook device. The remarkable animals who did indeed stop by my window deserve most of the credit for this effort. It is short enough to hold the attention of a pre-k youngster on the go. The unusual perches of my squirrel and wren visitors will perhaps evoke a chuckle from the reader. Targeted Age Group: 3 - 6 years old What Inspired You to Write Your Book? I enjoy photographing animals … [Read more...] about Animals Outside Our Window by Ann Streetman
Words on my Plate by Ann Streetman
Looking for an e-book to enjoy with your little one throughout the year? Words on my Plate is a simple book that will engage toddlers, pre-K children, and very young readers. They can grow with the book as their understanding and skills develop. They will learn to associate words with familiar foods and have a little fun along the way. Targeted Age Group: 3 - 6 What Inspired You to Write Your Book? I enjoy employing my photographic and graphics skills in creating fun e-books for young … [Read more...] about Words on my Plate by Ann Streetman
Celebrating Seasons by Ann Streetman
The grandmother in Celebrating Seasons engages young Tommy's processes of observation and imagination in their exploration of seasons. Photos by the author illustrate seasonal changes and activities. It's a fun read that will start a child's journey toward understanding fall, winter, spring, and summer. Targeted Age Group: 4 to 6 What Inspired You to Write Your Book? I love celebrating seasons myself, and I wanted to write a book to help very young children understand and appreciate the … [Read more...] about Celebrating Seasons by Ann Streetman


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Fouad Serageddin
This article needs additional citations for verification. (September 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Fouad Pasha Serageldin (2 November 1911[1] - 9 August 2000), was a leader of Egypt's Wafd Party.[2]
When President Hosni Mubarak allowed the Wafd to emerge from a prolonged period of dormancy in 1984, Serageldin proved a skilful political operator given the limits imposed on a divided and decimated opposition, and made the Al-Wafd newspaper an instant success through its Asfoura (Sparrow) column exposés of corruption and mismanagement.
A minister by his early thirties, he held four portfolios in the 1940s, serving in the Wafd-led Government of 1950-52 as Interior and Finance Minister. His political career was abruptly suspended as the Free Officers' coup neared. Put on trial, he was sentenced to 15 years' imprisonment but released two months later. Several periods of detention followed under Colonel Nasser.
Serageldin did not return to the political landscape until 1978, when President Anwar Sadat, attempting to reinvigorate party pluralism, likened him to Louis XIV coming back from the grave. Political turbulence ensued, however, and Serageldin was one of a number to be imprisoned in 1981 in the twilight of Sadat's rule.
The Wafd Party sprang from the delegation formed by the nationalist Saad Zaghloul in 1918 to demand complete independence from the British, and was officially founded a year later. Serageldin upheld the party's tradition for democracy, bisectarianism and liberalism, but in courting the Muslim Brotherhood was thought to have exceeded a remit to broaden its popular appeal.
He would later take credit for ordering police in Ismailia armed with rifles to engage in a futile battle against British troops using light artillery, but this merely precipitated the burning of Cairo a day later on 26 January 1952, and the Government's immediate dismissal. His political longevity typified Egypt's political ossification, and he was sometimes criticised for leading a party of the past rather than the future. However, the New Wafd Party survived as a significant opposition party, contributing to the 2011 Egyptian Revolution.
- ^ رزق, حمدي (2013). فتح مصر: وثائق التمكين الإخوانية (in Arabic). Nahdet Misr Publishing Group. ISBN 9789771443773.
- ^ "Sept. 1 - Opposition Party Gets New Leader". APS Diplomat Recorder. 2 September 2000. Retrieved 16 July 2013.
|This article about an Egyptian politician is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

subset: commoncrawl


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Elizabeth PD
Any sworn police officer hiring announcements post here.
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3 posts • Page 1 of 1
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Elizabeth PD
Anyone know a good score on Elizabeth? Score upper 90s. When are they looking for guys?
Re: Elizabeth PD
That place has a decent turnover rate. I think you'll get something soon. I'm wondering if they ever go to the county list.
Re: Elizabeth PD
I don't think they've ever gone to the county list.
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On-Site Volunteers
Terry Sherred
Bird Care Volunteer
About Terry
Jerry Madigan
Bird Care Volunteer
About Jerry
With AEF since 2014
"My interest in learning and watching eagles didn't begin as early as my wife's, but I was lead to the American Eagle Foundation by following her heart and in doing so—found my own love of birds of prey. I began volunteering at the foundation in 2014. As strange as it may sound, I am happy to clean the rooms occupied by eagles and other birds of prey. I also volunteer at Dollywood at Eagle Mountain Sanctuary answering questions for visitors and providing the best information I can educating them about the care and good life the birds receive by the foundation and the success in releasing eagles back to the Tennessee sky. For me, it is all about the birds! I also promote the webcams and how grateful we are for all sales in our Eagles Nest Gift Shop, donations and memberships. It's very rewarding to see the increased interest in eagles and AEF after learning about the birds in the sanctuary and the success of the foundation for 30 years!"
Debbie Gibson
American Eagle Day Volunteer
About Debbie
"I became involved with the American Eagle Foundation through the Wings of America show at Dollywood in the Spring of 2015. In January of 2016 I begin to volunteer working in the barn. Due to an injury, I was unable to continue working in the barn, but AEF found me to be quite productive assisting with administrative duties. I was soon promoted to American Eagle Day Coordinator. I am responsible for assisting the AEF in promoting American Eagle Day- which annually requires reaching out to all 50 State Governors by sending letters and then following up with phone calls, emails, etc. in an effort to get each Governor to sign a proclamation declaring June 20th as American Eagle Day in their state. Even though I'm unable to help in the barn with the birds, the mission, passion and dedication AEF provides for these birds of prey and their care keep me wanting to do more for this organization. It is a real honor to be a part of AEF."
Paul Albert
Bird Care Volunteer
About Paul
With AEF since 2017
"The American Eagle Foundation has given me a new opportunity to indulge one of my earliest passions. There is no sight more inspirational than a soaring eagle, or sounds more beautiful than the echoes of their primal calls. I first learned about the American Eagle Foundation from the Wings of America show at Dollywood. Beyond putting on what is probably the best show of its kind in the country, I was struck by the dedication and love of the people who run the show have for the birds. And now, after my first weeks working behind the scenes as a volunteer, I am even more inspired by the team in the barn and the personal relationships they have developed with each individual bird. What I've learned, and keep on learning is that every type of bird reflects the beauty of creation in its own way, not only the eagles and hawks and owls, but equally, the vultures and crows. The most awesome birds of prey are the best ambassadors for the preservation and protection of every living thing in our natural world. The American Eagle Foundation is a fantastic organization; it's both a pleasure and a privilege to be part of it."
Laura Albert
Bird Care Volunteer
About Laura
With AEF since 2017
"My deep and abiding love of nature and her creatures has been with me my whole life. But it was when I saw the Wings of America show at Dollywood that my heart told me it was time to do more. I've always been awed by the beauty and majesty of eagles, hawks, falcons, owls and other birds of prey, so this volunteer experience has been the perfect opportunity for me to be just a tiny part of all the good that the American Eagle Foundation does in the rescue, rehabilitation, reproduction, release, and lifetime care of the birds that cannot be released. I appreciate the fact that even the permanent residents have a role to play in educating and entertaining the public. Who can't watch Challenger soar and forget to breathe for just a second? Or laugh at the antics of Cujo, Poe and Tuck? They are all treasures to be appreciated and respected. I consider myself one of the most fortunate human beings on the planet to be a part of this wonderful Foundation. I am a proud, proud volunteer member of a team that inspires me to continue to learn, grow, and give a little something back. I look forward to every moment to come!"
Sue Lee
Bird Care Volunteer
About Sue
"I worked with domestic animals in some capacity my entire life, as I always have had a passion for animals since I was a young child. That deep fervor led me to eventually be an advocate for all animals as their voice against cruelty and abuse. Recently, while at the Birds of America Show at Dollywood, I became enamored with the birds of prey, how beautiful and majestic they are and the amazing presentation by staff of the American Eagle Foundation. I was in awe with these stunning creatures and wanted to learn more about them. The staff handling them exuded with knowledge and love for the birds and I knew I wanted to get involved in some way. A friend of mine, John Prickett was a volunteer at this great organization and I knew this was what I wanted to do, so I joined as a volunteer in 2017.
The work I do with them may not be the most glamorous, cleaning the bird rooms and cutting up their food, but joining AEF has been one of the most rewarding decisions of my life. I am so proud of what I do, I continue to spread my wings with other duties, and look forward to visiting the birds in the AEF barn and the eagles like Challenger, Majesty and Lincoln as well as the owls, hawks, falcons and more. I never dreamed that one of my favorites would be a turkey vulture named George.
It warms my heart to witness the dedication and professionalism of the AEF staff and bird handlers and feel honored to be a part of the AEF family. All the birds in captivity are there due to some type of a disability and it is my honor to help in any way possible for their health and well-being. I continue to learn more with every visit to the facility and want to continue gaining more knowledge and experience with these magnificent, gorgeous birds. The AEF is an amazing organization and I feel so proud and privileged to be a part of it."
Past Volunteers
John Douglas Prickett
Bird Care Volunteer
About John
With AEF since 2011
"I have been a volunteer with the AEF since June of 2011. I grew up with a passion for birding and photography. When I discovered the opportunity to work with the AEF, it was like a dream come true. The AEF is a first-rate organization that does phenomenal work rehabbing raptors and releasing them back into the wild when possible. The program to release juvenile bald eagles into the wild and often dedicate them to fallen soldiers is a program near and dear to my heart. I plan on working with the AEF until they bury me. I love it that much."
Janine Orlando
Bird Care Volunteer
Barbara Rushing
Bird Care Volunteer
About Barbara
With AEF since 2006
Nest Cam Volunteers
Gretchen Butler
NEFL Nest Cam Liaison
NEFL Moderator (since 2011)
Remote Camera Operator (Since 2013)
About Gretchen
"I started moderating F&I's nest in 2011 shortly after my first visit to AEF and DW. Needless to say I was in 'awe' learning and experiencing what the AEF did on that first visit. I was already highly involved with Florida Audubon EagleWatch Program monitoring Romeo and Juliet since 2008. My love for these eagles and passion to share their beauty lead to my pursuit to install a live cam on the tree. Through thoughtful research, obtaining approvals needed, securing individuals to accomplish this quest was the first step. But partnering with Al Cecere and The American Eagle Foundation actually made my dream come true. I knew it didn't get any better than being associated with Al and the AEF. What a blessing to me and now to thousands around the world to experience the beauty of this magnificent eagle pair in their wild environment. I honor and respect everything the AEF does and stands for. Their unwavering commitment to the conservation of the Bald Eagle is second to none. The dignity and kindness this organization exudes simply makes me a better person by being associated with them."
Carol Caesar
DC Nest Cam Liaison
Nest Cam Moderator (since 2012)
Remote Camera Operator (since 2015)
About Carol
"I grew up on the other end of the state from AEF, in Memphis, and have always been a wildlife lover. After numerous trips to Alaska, Washington, and Canada, where eagles are plentiful, I became fascinated by the majesty of Bald Eagles. I happily stumbled upon the AEF eagle camera in 2011, and quickly found a friendly, compassionate group of people who encouraged me to finish my college degree. After spending time with Al Cecere and the AEF crew at an event where Challenger was flying, I was so impressed with the mission of AEF that I wanted to be a part of it. I was honored to be asked to become an eagle chat room moderator in 2012, and was excited to become a remote camera operator in 2015. I thoroughly enjoy my role of helping to educate the chat room viewers about not only Bald Eagles, but also AEF's role in the protection and restoration of the Bald Eagle, and their dedication to caring for injured birds, especially those non-releasable birds who have a forever home at AEF. I am blessed to be able to share my love of eagles and the AEF!"
Debi Chernisky
Smoky Mountain Nest Cam Liaison
Nest Cam Moderator (since 2015)
About Debi
"I am married and a Mom, a loyal advocate of the American Eagle Foundation since at least 2012, passionate about wildlife and the environment, and I love everything about eagles and giant pandas. I am honored to broaden my support of the AEF by Moderating at the Dollywood Eagle Nest of Frank & Indy and their foster eaglet, Miracle, in May & June of 2015 and have joined the Moderator team for the Northeast Florida Eagle Nest of Romeo & Juliet for the 2015-2016 nesting season. I love AEF's wonderful breeding program, emphasis on education, their compassion for sick, injured, and rehabilitated eagles and other raptors, and their commitment to the eagle cams and those who watch them. Everyone associated with the AEF is so kind and it is a pleasure to volunteer alongside many caring people who share my admiration of the AEF and all that it encompasses."
MarthaAnn Madigan
Dollywood Nest Cam Liaison
Nest Cam Moderator (Since 2013)
Remote Camera Operator (Since 2015)
About Martha
"I began watching eagles in late 2010 thanks to a friend sending me a cam link. I thought I was going to be the only person to never join Facebook, but because of eagles and the people I was meeting – I joined! How fortunate for me because it lead me to the American Eagle Foundation.
The chatroom was so friendly and informative and it took no time to see this was a friendly family and I fell in love. Watching eagles so closely and seeing their beauty and way of life became my way of life. I became a Mod in 2013 and began working the cam in 2015.
Just watching was no longer what I wanted to do so I began volunteering at AEF in 2013. Seeing first hand what the foundation does for eagles and birds of prey is incredible. Knowing how hard AEF works to return the eagle back to the sky along with educating the public makes me want to do and learn more and to give back. To have the opportunity as a Mod / Volunteer to share with others by any means, the success and mission as well as to promote the good that has transpired for 30 years is a feeling like no other!"
Crystal Slusher
Nest Cam Moderator (since 2012) & Remote Camera Operator (since 2013)
About Crystal
"I began watching (in the wild, cams, and studying) bald eagles in 2008/2009, I spent a lot of time researching anything and everything I could about bald eagles. I drove hours to see them in the wild, I visited rehab centers, attended releases, and took courses to further my skill and study of bald eagles and birds of prey.. I just could not get enough, it was like a thirst! After tragedy struck my home cam in 2011, I landed at AEF DW nest in March of 2012, I read up on Independence & Franklin as well as the foundation. The more I learned about the foundation the more I wanted to know, I was so fascinated and impressed by everything I read. Seeing the atmosphere in the chat room, I could tell this place was special. I was honored to be asked to be a mod in 2013 and a cam operator in 2014, finding this completely wonderful place has enriched my life in ways that I can't begin to explain, being a part of this foundation has given me opportunities and friends that I will forever hold dear to my heart. AEF quenched my thirst and healed a broken heart but it also strengthened my hunger to know more, experience more, be more, and do more. The dedication to caring for injured birds, non-releasable birds, and conservation is something I truly admire about AEF. The staff and volunteers there are a part of what makes this such a special place in my heart."
Joleen Maiden
Nest Cam Moderator (since 2011)
Remote Camera Operator (since 2013)
About Joleen
Dollywood Nest Cam Liaison (since 2016)
Nest Cam Moderator (since 2012)
Remote Camera Operator (since 2014)
"I found AEF in 2011 when Big Bird ( Halo ) and The Mini's/Twins ( Atlantis & Endeavor ) had hatched. I was invited to go to their release and had read up about AEF and was hooked! I was a chatter in 2011 and became a mod in 2012 and a cam operator in 2014 and have been doing both until present day. I also started organizing the Chatters Reunion in 2012 until present day. As a volunteer Raptor Rehaber. AEF's mission caught my heart and soul! I so love that so many non releasable eagles have forever homes and to be the Eagles they were meant to be to the best of their ability."
Pat White
Nest Cam Moderator and Remote Cam Operator (Since 2016)
About Pat
"I have watched nest cams for many years, starting with Barn Owls. I found AEF through the DC Nest cam the first year with the birth of DC 2 and DC 3 (later called Freedom and Liberty) I fell in love with Bald Eagles—their majesty and instinct for survival of their species. I did a lot of studying as well, checking out other AEF webcams. I was honored to be able to join as a volunteer for DC's second season as a chat moderator and an RCO, as well as becoming part of the Dollywood Volunteer staff. Meeting Challenger, Al, and Laura in November, as well as going to the Chatters Reunion and touring AEF in Pigeon Forge, continues to fuel my passion for helping others understand the importance of conservation for our Bald Eagles. "
Cindy Trudeau
Nest Cam Moderator (since 2013) & Remote Camera Operator (since 2014)
About Cindy
"My name is Cindy and I am the mother of 3 grown daughters. I saw my first Bald Eagle nest 3 years ago and have been in love ever since. From Romeo and Juliet to Frank and Indy, and all of the AEF eagles, no other compares to beauty and magnificence. I am very blessed to be a part of AEF and everything it does and stands for in the preservation and care of these and other raptors."
Paula Brophy
Nest Cam Moderator (since 2014)
About Paula
"My very first viewing of a live eagles nest was at AEF! I came about it by chance in 2012 when Frank and Indy had 3 little eaglets, I was so amazed and in love watching them and learning from these "Front row seats" into their world, Thank you AEF!! I have always had a love for birds and in digging deeper and learning what a huge difference AEF has made to the Bald Eagle population in North America, their loving staff, and their endless support over all the years, it sure is a wonderful organization to be a part of and support. I live in Atlantic Canada, and Yes we do have a healthy population of Bald Eagles here as well now, which I am sure is a result of the actions taken to bring their numbers back.. I sure do love viewing these majestic, confident eagles and our fantastic AEF family."
Peggy Bryan
Nest Cam Moderator (Since 2014)
About Peggy
"I retired in June, 2012 after teaching English for 30 years. I had been a viewer of Frank and Indy's cam and was excited to hear AEF was going to start a new cam. I decided to check it out. I was hooked from day one! I enjoyed chatting with everyone, attended the reunion, and was honored when I was asked to be a moderator last season. I had been a long-time viewer of the Norfolk Botanical Eagle Cam and since its demise, have been looking for a "home" cam. I have definitely found that at AEF. I especially liked interacting with the class rooms we had visit us last year and love sharing information about our beautiful National Symbol."
Diane McKinney
Nest Cam Moderator (since 2015)
About Diane
"I started Moderating for the American Eagle Foundation, Northeast Florida nest October 2015.
I found out about the NEFL eagle nest through a local newsletter in 2013, the first year the cams were installed. I immediately fell in love with these Eagles. It was fascinating viewing these magnificent raptors. The first year watching I perched and never joined in chat, but learned so much from the mods and fellow chatters. The following year I joined in on all the fun! I spent hours reading through the AEF's main site (while Juliet was incubating) and was so impressed with everything I read. AEF's dedication to their injured eagles and all our other feathered friends that they have rescued. I am so proud to be a member of AEF and certainly am honored to represent AEF.
Mary Jo Noonan
Remote Cam Operator (since 2015)
About Mary
"Being a 'retired mom' I have found a new love in my life, our Bald Eagles. I feel like a new mother every year when we have eggs, pips, eaglets and finally fledglings. Helping to show the lives of our Bald Eagles and the challenges they experience is awesome. Through AEF I am privileged and honored to be a part of this organization."
Marianne Wilson
Nest Cam Moderator (since 2015)
About Marianne
"I began moderating for AEF's NE Fl nest in October 2015. I am married and have one son in college. My hobbies are birding and bird photography. Eagles remind me of the Majesty of Our Creator. AEF is a "family" of Eagle loving people whom I am proud to be a small part of. Al Cecere and others have done an incredible job protecting these beautiful birds of prey and educating the public about this treasured species."
Marsha Gagnon
Nest Cam Moderator (since 2015)
About Marsha
"I grew up in Maine and Canada then retired to Florida. I have always had a special place in my heart for animals and wildlife. My love for eagles really got started, like so many, watching then chatting at the Decorah eagles webcam site, about 5 years ago.The following season it was back to Decorah, then I learned about the MNBound eagle nest with eaglets Kirby (fell from the nest and died) and Harmon (stuck in the nest, rescued and returned to nest). That was quite the season! The following year I was asked to moderate at the SWFL nest, home of Ozzie & Harriet, where I stayed for 2 years. I started to realize that I wanted to do more to help the eagles in some way. So last year I became a volunteer for the Audubon Center for Birds of Prey Eaglewatch program where I am presently monitoring 2 eagle nests in the Orlando, FL area, and shortly after, I became a Moderator at the NEFL nest. I am very passionate about the protection and safety of Bald Eagles and conservation of their habitat, and I am very proud to be part of the AEF mission where we are making a difference."
Jan Wendler
Moderator & Remote Cam Operator
(since 2016)
About Jan
Since 2015
"I came across the AEF website during the 2014/15 nesting season. I have watched Romeo and Juliet from the time of the first egg to fledges for two seasons now, and I have been simply amazed at the quality of the cams and the wealth of information that is available from the website and from the very knowledgeable moderators and chatters.
I visited AEF headquarters and Dollywood's Eagle Mountain and attended the 30th Anniversary Benefit Concert for AEF in 2015, so I had the thrill of meeting Challenger and watching him fly through the crowd.
Watching the way Al Cecere, the AEF staff and the volunteers dedicate themselves to caring for such magnificent raptors just captured my heart and made me know that I am learning about eagles from the very best! I am so grateful for the way AEF honors our Veterans and educates our classrooms, and the opportunity to be a part of this fine organization as a volunteer moderator/cam operator for the NEFL nest during this 2015/16 season has been a gift to me in more ways than I ever imagined."
Ilene Martinez
Nest Cam Moderator (since 2016)
About Ilene
"I began my eagle adventure with the 2016-2017 DC Eagle Nest season. Once I saw the story about Mr.President and The First Lady on the weekend news, it was love at first sight. I found myself infatuated with the nest and all things Eagles. After Freedom and Liberty fledged, I saw an application to join the American Eagle Foundation as a chat room moderator. I quickly filled out the paperwork and was proudly accepted to join the team. I have learned so much about these magnificent birds and enjoy sharing my knowledge and learning more about them every season."
Karen Cohen
Research Nest Monitor (since 2017)
About Karen
Gail Weglowski
Nest Cam Moderator (since 2017)
About Gail
Nick Higgins
Remote Cam Operator (since 2016)
About Nick
"As a kid I have always loved raptors and other birds. Growing up at a time when Bald Eagles were not doing so well, I really wanted to learn more about them. In 2015 our news station had a story in Washington DC about a pair of mated Eagles that had nested. I knew I wanted to know more, so I found the link to the American Eagle Foundation and got my first look into a wild Bald Eagle nest. Seeing the parents with sharp beaks and talons being ever so gentle to their new young, I was hooked. I had questions and the volunteers were more than willing to answer them. I started watching all their nest cams and have learned so much.
In 2016 when I was asked if I would like to help volunteer, I was thrilled at the chance! It's been a great experience to get to see into this part of the life of Bald Eagles, seeing them care and raise such little babies into these majestic birds they are."
Darlene Loebel
Remote Cam Operator (since 2016)
About Darlene
I have been an AEF volunteer remote camera operator on the DC Nest Cam project since 2016. I came to know AEF through the DC Nest Cam project in 2015 when I learned of Mr. President & The First Lady. I became captivated as I watched them prepare for and then raise Freedom (DC2) and Liberty (DC3). That captivation led me to immerse myself in learning about the Bald Eagle and about AEF's efforts to protect, raise awareness of and educate the public about these magnificent beings. I sought out every nest cam I could find, I looked through archived footage of previous seasons, I read little that wasn't eagle related for many, many months. The work of AEF garnered my respect and admiration. When I look at what humans have done to endanger these incredible creatures and what organizations like AEF have done to bring them back from the brink; well, it was easy to know which side of that equation I want to be on. Being a life-long volunteer, it was the easiest thing to do to fill out a volunteer form to see how I could help.
Leighann Killea
Remote Cam Operator (since 2017)
About Leighann
Allison Tyler
Nest Cam Moderator
(since 2017)
About Allison
Cheryl Loheit
Video Creator for DC
(since 2016)
About Cheryl
"Having always been a lover of birds, and the Bald Eagle in particular, when I saw a Facebook post in 2016 about two recently hatched eaglets at the Arboretum in DC, with a link to a webcam, I decided to check it out. I quickly fell in love. However, work and time zone difference put a damper on how much I was able to watch. My solution, record the live feed for later viewing. When Freedom fledged, I posted my first video clip in response to all the questions of where s/he went. The response I received was overwhelming. I eventually purchased some video editing software, taught myself to use it, and started making regular postings. I connected with several fellow viewers on Facebook and would get asked if I had footage of a particular event. More often than not, the answer was yes and I found myself enjoying being able to provide them with a video. When AEF contacted me and said they had a new volunteer position for a Video Creator and would I be interested in applying, I knew this was the opportunity for me to give back to the organization that was responsible for bringing so much joy to my life."
Carolyn Harrison
Remote Cam Operator
(since 2017)
About Carolyn
"I began watching the AEF-DC nest in 2015, fell in love with eagles, & then became familiar with the AEF-DW nests & the story behind AEF & it's mission. Eventually I found my way to the AEF-NEFL nest, and was thrilled as a faithful chatter, to be asked to join the volunteer NEFL team in 2017. Being a mod/cam op for AEF-NEFL has changed my life!"
Lil Gillar
Nest Cam Moderator
(since 2017)
About Lil
I found the AEF-NEFL nest after Samson and Delilah had fledged. I couldn't wait for the next season to start up. I was so excited to be able to take screen shots of Romeo, Juliet, Nick and Noel that I made a slide show of them. I have been a faithful follower ever since.
My husband and I went to the AEF Chatter's Reunion in 2015 and had a great time meeting everyone and enjoyed all the activities. We even went to Lady I's nest and were fortunate to see one of the adults and a juvie.
I am honored to be a part of the American Eagle Foundation and all that it stands for.
Shari Pfannenstein
Nest Cam Moderator
(since 2016)
About Shari
I am married to a golf pro and spend summers in Vermont and winters in Florida. I first "discovered" eagle cams with the Berry College nest in March 2015. The two eaglets fledged about 2 days after I started watching – never to return to the nest again that season! I thought – "is that all there is"?
Fast forward to December 23, 2015 – I was searching through the internet for who knows what when I stumbled upon the AEF-NEFL web cam. Liberty had just hatched that day and there was a chat going on and everyone was so excited and talking about a 2nd hatch that should happen in another 2 days. So I started watching for the next hatch and saw Justice break out of his shell. That was all it took – got me hook, line and sinker! I watched the cams every day and after about 3 weeks I got brave enough to jump into chat. I absolutely loved everything about these eagles – all eagles – and started reading and absorbing everything I could! That spring of 2016 I understood the pull and the draw and the emotion when the eaglets fledged! Of course all I had to compare it to was the Berry nest where the eaglets never returned after fledge that one season – I was heartbroken! And then Liberty and Justice returned again and again for a few more weeks! What bittersweet joy!
I got a phone call in September of 2016 from Gretchen as I was driving to Florida for the winter, asking if I would consider being a mod at AEF-NEFL – I almost drove off the road! With great nervousness, I said yes and the rest is history! I am honored to be a part of such a wonderful organization as the American Eagle Foundation and every single person and bird associated with it!
Sally Herndon
Nest Cam Moderator
(since 2017)
About Sally
"I get my love of birds from my father and my love of all animals from my mother. I was at a Cubs game on Memorial day in 2014 and saw the most amazing sight. A bald eagle flying from the bleachers to a man standing on the pitcher's mound during the National Anthem. Tears flowed down cheeks.
I wasn't aware of AEF then, but saw a post about the DC nest three years ago. One look at those precious bobbleheads and I was hooked!
Then in late summer of 2016 I discovered NEFL and Romeo and Juliet. WOW! I timidly entered the chat room and felt at home at once. I was honored to be asked to be a moderator last summer by Gretchen Butler. I am happy and proud to represent AEF!"
Susan Rittel
Remote Cam Operator
(since 2016)
About Susan
"In December 2015, my husband told me about the nest cam for AEF DC when he was watching the news, since he knew I have a tremendous love for birds. I started watching the AEF DC cams and couldn't take my eyes off the computer! It was as if nature had come into my life through this computer screen. I took literally thousands of photos and talked about the AEF DC cams to whomever would listen. I immediately fell in love with my first eagle family; Mr. P, TFL, Liberty, and Freedom!
I read and viewed everything that was posted on the AEF website, quietly followed all the DC chats since I didn't know what to ask, and researched legitimate sources on the Internet to learn more about eagles.
When a call for volunteers appeared on the AEF website, I HAD to apply to see if I even had a remote chance to be selected. I couldn't imagine a better way to spend my time. When I received the email from AEF stating that I was selected to be a RCO volunteer, I literally jumped up and down, like a little girl, screaming and yelling as I was so excited and privileged to be part of this once in a lifetime experience!
I love that AEF is about educating the public on what it means to not to destroy the lives of bald eagles and birds of prey but to preserve them. What more could anyone ask for than to be part of an organization that has ethics and integrity for these beautiful creatures? I am proud to be part of AEF as a volunteer."
Maggie Haynes
Nest Cam Moderator
(since 2018)
About Maggie
It all started for me with a random Facebook post. An egg was about to hatch in an eagle's nest in southwest Florida. I pulled up the cam and was mesmerized at what I was seeing.
I learned so much from the moderators in chat and even more from watching the eagles care and raise their young. I felt I had been given a gift and I remember thinking humans could learn so much from watching them. I wanted to do something to give back. I wasn't sure how, but I knew I had to be involved with eagles!
I found Florida Audubon EagleWatch and signed on to monitor local nests. Still wanting more, I began volunteering at the Audubon Center for Birds of Prey first in Guest Relations, then as a Docent and now also in the clinic. I wanted to learn all I could, so I looked up other eagle nest cams, starting reading about other rescue and rehab groups and came across the American Eagle Foundation. Here was a great mission statement that I could align with!
In spring I learned about the new Smoky Mountain nest cam with Lady Independence and Sir Hatcher II. What an amazing story these eagles had and what a testimony to what the AEF has been doing for so many years! I've been honored to be a moderator on the first SM nest cam team and to learn and share with like-minded people.
I retired last year after a 30 year career and I've come to realize that the Facebook post was not random. I know that I have been lead down this path. I am so blessed! I encourage you to listen to the small still voice inside you, and I leave you with my favorite quote: "We lose ourselves in the things we love. We find ourselves there too." -Martz
Donna May
Remote Cam Operator
(since 2018)
About Donna
"My brothers and I had photography contests while vacationing every summer at our parent's cabin on the lake in Eagle River Wisconsin. We would bring our cameras with our fishing poles and tackle and capture photos of the eagles nest across our lake. The eagles sometimes swooped in and stole the fish we were attempting to catch, but at least we got some good photos! Loons and Great Blue Herons were also plentiful on that lake.
I guess that's where I became fascinated with Bald Eagles. I saw a news story about the DC nest and the eggs that had been laid. There was actually live video…" Wow" I said, and went right to the website. That is the year Liberty and Freedom were raised. I started watching, then perched during chat, not participating, but gradually started asking questions in chat. When Berty and Free fledged, I cried, and learned from chatters about the NEFL nest. I checked that website, and fell in love immediately with Romeo's crazy antics, and Juliet's way of managing Romeo and the nest! I attended my first Chatter Reunion in 2017 and met Gretchen Butler, Al Cecere and Challenger. I was in awe! I knew then at the reunion that AEF was the quality organization where I wanted to contribute my time and what little money I could spare. I am so proud to volunteer as a Remote Camera Operator. I continue to improve my zooming skills, and love this friendly group of eagle lovers! I still get chills when I see Challenger fly…
Sandy Fink
Remote Cam Operator
(since 2016)
About Sandy
"My life changed in 2008 when I suddenly became a widow. My two sons and 3 beautiful grandchildren were a big part of now changed life, but my life felt empty. In 2010-2011 I found a new eagle cam, Decorah Eagles. Mom and Dad Decorah filled my lonely days with joy. I began watching many eagle cams and I found the Northeast Florida Eagle cam in 2013-2014 season where I was an avid chatter. Who couldn't fall in love with Romeo and Juliet as she laid the eggs and produced two beautiful eaglets, Samson & Delilah?! This was the year I produced my first video! In 2016 I was so proud to be accepted as a remote camera operator and now a videographer. I have been the instate sponsor for American Eagle Day the last two years for the great state of Louisiana. Although a small part of my heart remains with the first nests that eventually lead me to the nest of Romeo and Juliet, my heart and forever home is here at NEFL and American Eagle Foundation!! I truly have a reason to get up every morning now and I thank you from the bottom of my heart!"
Beth Jones
Video Creator
(since 2018)
About Beth
"I have always been an avid bird watcher. My Gram got me interested as a little girl. I always had my bird books trying to identify all the birds I would see. That stays with you I guess! Then I found the NEFL live cam about 3 years ago. I mean once I started watching I was hooked. My Mom calls me the Bird Lady. I would watch 24/7 if I could- sleep and work somehow get in the way. Romeo and Juliet just make me pause! They make me realize how majestic they are and how honored I am to get to watch them thanks to the American Eagle Foundation.
I started learning about the American Eagle foundation and what they were all about and that was it. I knew I wanted to be a part of AEF in any way I could. I was fortunate enough to be able to attend the Chatter Reunion last year. I met everybody at AEF, Gretchen Butler, and most of the mods at NEFL, DW, DC Nests. It was a life changing time for me as I knew again that these were the people that I wanted to be associated with. I love taking videos of the nest activity and have been doing end of year videos since Peace and Hope! Again I am honored to be any part of American Eagle Foundation!"
Cindy Bertholdt
Nest Cam Monitor
(since 2017 )
About Cindy
"When I was growing up I never saw a Bald Eagle and I never expected to see one. Their numbers were dwindling and the sightings were few and far between. Many years later, after I had moved into my new home, I was thrilled to discover two eagles perching on a tower, right across from my house. Each year they would appear in the fall and seem to leave in the spring. I was curious as to why they would follow this pattern so I began to research it and that's when I found the DC Eagle cams. It was the first year and they had just started streaming. The First Lady had recently laid her eggs and both Mr. President and The First Lady were taking turns incubating them. I was mesmerized from day one. I couldn't believe how gentle and caring these two large and sometimes fierce looking eagles could be. It was amazing to see how they shared all the duties. I wanted to learn more and thanks to The American Eagle Foundation, I was able to do just that. I found their Facebook pages filled with a wealth of information, I learned about AEF's mission to develop awareness and protection for the eagles, how they lovingly care for their injured and non-releasable birds, how they are able to release the young ones from the hack tower. It warmed my heart to see the care and dedication that they provided, I wanted to do something to help this wonderful organization. I decided to apply for a Nest Cam Monitor position. It was one of the best decisions I ever made. I was honored when I found out that I had been accepted as an AEF volunteer. I now monitor for both the DC and NEFL nests. This has been one of the most heartwarming experiences of my life. I'm thrilled to be able to follow along on their wondrous journeys and share it with all of our followers on The Event Log."
George Bertholdt
Remote Cam Operator
(since 2018 )
About George
"Growing up in the 50s and 60s while most everyone could readily describe our national symbol, it was believed that most of us would never have the opportunity to experience the beauty of a Bald Eagle in the wild. In fact, it wasn't until the spring of 2004 while out on one of the northern tributaries of the Chesapeake Bay that I experienced the thrill of seeing my first bald eagle soaring high overhead. Since then from time to time I sought out whatever information I could find about the eagles, some good and some not so good as it turned out, but when my wife discovered the American Eagle Foundation a few years ago that presented a real opportunity to study these majestic birds. It has since become a passion with both of us, and is so fascinating watching the daily activities and witnessing their life cycle first hand. I never imagined when we started this that one day we would actually become a part of the AEF family. This will be my first year as a remote cam operator and I am very excited about this opportunity."


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Struggling Bangladesh can heave a huge sigh of relief as the team's most dependable batsman Mushfiqur Rahim is all set to return to the fold in the side's third and final Test against New Zealand, starting on Mar 16 in Christchurch, reports BSS.
"I think he will be available for the third and final Test," team manager Khaled Masud Pilot said on Wednesday (Mar 13) as the Bangladesh reached Christchurch to play the third Test.
"He batted in the nets confidently against throw downs and did not look like he was struggling like the way he did when he began it earlier," he added.
Mushfiqur indeed has multiple injuries that ruled him out in the first two Test matches. His absence in the middle order created such big loopholes that Bangladesh tasted middle order collapse in all four innings of the last two Tests. Bangladesh had already conceded the series, losing the first Test by an innings and 52 runs margin and the second in an innings and 12 runs margin. Mushfiqur's rib injury resurfaced during the second ODI, making him doubtful for the third ODI, in which he went on to feature despite scans revealing a broken rib.
Mushfiqur also sustained two more injuries during the ongoing tour: a side strain and a wrist injury, and according to team management it was his wrist injury that sidelined him from the Bangladesh's playing XI in the first two Test matches of the three-match Test series.
His injury was a big blow to the side, already weakened by the injuries to regular Test skipper Shakib Al Hasan and fast bowler Taskin Ahmed.
Mushfiqur tried to make a last attempt to see whether he could be available for the second Test but found out a little bit of soreness in that ligament area when he tried to bat with cricket ball ahead of the Test match.
But there is hardly any problem for him to hit the ball, making Bangladesh team management optimistic about his return for the last Test, which they will play to restore some pride and avoid another ignominious whitewash.
"We can make a call on him tomorrow but in all likelihood he is expected to be available unless any other complication arises," Masud said.
While Mushfiqur is all set to comeback to the team, to Bangladesh's delight, their in-form opener Tamim Iqbal didn't complain about injury problem despite playing the Wellington Test with some niggles. "It looked he (Tamim) is fine and didn't complain anything about injury or niggles," Masud said. "So we can also expect his service."


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We produced this event for 4 years, working on every element of the show.
From the full branding, all graphic design, marketing and promotion – right through to gaining and managing all 40 – 50 staff and producing and managing the entire the show on the day itself.
We had 2 sister events in the UK, each held annually – The End of Summer Fashion Show in Leeds, and the Spring Fashion show in Manchester.
Through them both we raised £1000s for a variety of national and local charities and promoted up and coming fashion designers to showcase their latest designs.
The shows were regularly attended by audiences of up to 500 people, including local press, fashion bloggers, photographers and of those just looking for the latest trends!
These shows were also featured on a number of online press websites, notably from Creative Boom, The Culture Vulture, Red Online, Manchester Gossip, My Street Chic, Manchester's Finest, Manchester Fashion Network – with many more.
Photos by Wild Child Media, Dorota Ozarowska
Please drop us a line If you have a project in mind, or just want to have a chat about what's possible. Please send us a message and we'll get right back to you.


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The feelings I had at this moment in time came flooding back as I engaged with the paint. The chance image created during the work on the larger canvas and later by dividing it into several smaller pieces, has been exaggerated into a frightening figure from my past. By pouring on alternate dark and light colours, letting them run over puddles of water and then emphasising certain marks with a small brush and bits of paint-drenched card, I began to imagine myself back in another time and place. Lastly I began to scrub out some areas – wiping out the memories? and to drag my fingers through the wet paint – trying to escape.
Here are a couple of close-ups of the image.
Maybe there is a sense of the tension and fear I felt at the time?
Not sure if the painting works generally but it does make me shiver a little so perhaps getting closer to what I want my paintings to achieve


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I was lost in darkness and sinking sand
Well, I was barely nothin', a broken man
God, Jahar is so lost without You. He's broken. I imagine he feels as if he is worthless….unloved….unwanted. He needs You, and he needs You now. Without You, he is in sinking sand…..on the path to eternal torment and separation from You.
But you picked up the pieces of my heart in your hand
Then you came and showed to me love's second chance
Lord, would You pick up the pieces of Jahar's heart and help to fit them back together? Would You heal him in Your holy name? I praise You and thank You for being a God of second chances. Would You give Jahar a second chance in You?
Shine on, shine on, shine on me
Whenever something's missing
You're exactly what I need
Your love has shown me the light, and now I finally see
So shine on, shine on, shine on me
Jesus, shine Your beautiful light into Jahar's darkness. Maybe he feels like something is missing….maybe he feels a false sense of Allah's presence. But Lord, whether he knows it or not – You are exactly what he needs. Open up his eyes Jesus. Open up his eyes to the truth…..that You are the one true God. That there is nothing he could have ever done that is too much for Your precious blood to wash away completely. That he has a Father who loves him and deeply desires a personal relationship with him. That he has never been more wanted in his entire life than he is right now….by a passionate God who is relentlessly pursuing his heart.
Lord knows that I'm not perfect, but I sure do try
And I see the man that I can be, in your eyes
Well there are times I still get lost in yesterday
But you put the past behind me and you light my way
Father, help Jahar to see who he could become in You. While human beings may always place negative labels on him – that doesn't need to define who he is. Help him to see that You have the power to make him a completely new creation. Lord, help Jahar to put the past completely behind him and step into a new future, walking in the light as Your son.
Shine on
Shine on
Shine all your love on me
Shine all your love on me
God, thank you for shielding Jahar's body from the bullets in the boat that night. Thank you for saving his earthly life and giving him an opportunity to find eternal life in You. You have a prodigal child, God…..and whether he knows it or not, he needs desperately to come home to You. I know You love him Jesus. Shine all of that beautiful, deep, unconditional love down on him relentlessly until he is Yours Lord Jesus. And he WILL be Yours.


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Product Description
Doubling up as a highlighter, or an eyeshadow, this rose gold color will help make any look pop! It contains micro pearl particles that gives you a beautiful shimmer and delicate look. The applicator is comfortable to us anywhere on your face, and makes it easy to control the amount of makeup you are applying. The handle is very comfortable to hold too!
How to Use
Apply a little over your cheekbones and blend with your fingertip or brush.
The tiny size of the highlighter is perfect for traveling! Take it with you anywhere!


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I know he's been gone for a while now and although I did not know Chris (Strmchsr) personally, I find I miss him regularly.
His contribution/service/ministry to this site was immeasurable.
My daughter is moving to FL for the DCP (Fall 2018) and I find myself wishing I could check-in/follow Strmchsr as we are heading into the peak of hurricane season.
Miss you, Chris and so appreciate your kindness and generosity as you kept us all informed.


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Tuesday, January 24, 2017
Do your Homework
White House Press Secretary Sean Spicer just can't help himself, can he? Long before he and Trump darkened the corridors of power, he was still spewing forth "alternative facts" about a French dance duo called "Daft Funk". He was, he alleged, an "early and still fan", but suggested they needed to ditch the helmets and "grow up". If only they'd taken his advice, they wouldn't be languishing in the dim and distant memory as mere footnotes in recent music history, eh?
Posted by Ben at 10:55 AM
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Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun.
1991, 56, 306-308
Reduction of Eu(III) on rotating disc Pt and Cu electrodesTomáš Loučka and Jaroslav Němec
Research Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, 400 60 Ústí nad Labem
The reduction of Eu(III) on rotating disc Pt and Cu electrodes was studied in the medium of chlorides containing some other rare earth elements. The rate constants of the electrode reaction Eu3+ ⇆ Eu2+ were determined and compared with the values obtained earlier by cyclic voltammetry.


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SAO PAULO, July 10 (Reuters) - Banco BTG Pactual SA founder Andre Esteves has asked Brazil's central bank to allow him to take back a key stake in the bank's controlling partnership following his acquittal of corruption charges, according to a document.
In December, BTG had said Esteves would return to the controlling group of partners, formally known as G7 Holding.
BTG said in the document that in addition to Esteves rejoining the group with a 61.6% stake, Chief Executive Roberto Sallouti, Renato Santos, Antonio Porto and Guilherme Paes will continue as partners.
The bank, which did not immediately comment on the matter, did not disclose the previous stakes held by the G7 partners.
After Esteves became the target of a corruption investigation in 2015, the bank was forced to cut jobs and shed assets.
He was forced to leave his CEO position and swap his controlling voting shares in G7 Holding for preferred stock outside the partnership after his arrest. A Brazilian federal judge acquitted Esteves in July 2018.
The document did not say how Esteves is restoring his controlling stake.
Esteves returned to the bank in April 2016, but only as senior adviser. (Reporting by Carolina Mandl; editing by Jonathan Oatis)


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Arnold Street Studio
The Arnold Street Studio a smaller boutique studio space can accommodate dance, yoga, meditation classes, photography, film, small groups, artists portrait and figure, workshops /networking events.
Arnold Street Dance studio
Sprung floor with Tarkett, measuring 8 meters x 9 meters, fully mirrored wall. Ballet barres available
Creative workshops and dance projects
Boutique market space/ pop up hire
Bathroom - Toliet facilities
Change area, mirrored
Parking on street and surrounds
1.2 kilometres from Southland Station, 15 min walk
Flexible workspace
Photography space hire
The studio is white with a minimalistic design that is flexible, staying true to the mid-century factory era.
Storage space
Available for yoga and other equipment by request
Refrigerator, Microwave
Orders for catering can be placed via The Button Factory
Lounge area.
Parking Notes
There is an allocated parking space as well as plenty of street parking in the surrounding streets.


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The Greening of Industrial Ecosystems. 1994.
Pp. 137-148. Washington, DC:
National Academy Press.
Integrating Environment and Technology: Design for Environment
Twenty years ago, environmental problems appeared simple and obvious: the Potomac and Hudson Rivers were so polluted that they could not be fished; the air in Los Angeles was foul; Love Canal and other sites were poisoned by toxic chemicals. Remedies were equally direct: the Clean Water Act, the Clean Air Act, Superfund, and the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act.
Now, with several decades of research and experience behind us, we have begun to recognize that we are treating the symptoms, not the disease. The problem is not individual rivers, airsheds, or hazardous waste sites, although they must be addressed. The problem is the relationship between human economic activity and the environment. It is a systems problem, arising from fundamental changes in the scale of human activity in relationship to supporting biological, physical, and chemical systems. Regional and global environmental perturbations cannot be adequately mitigated until this relationship is understood and regulatory and industrial practices are modified to reflect such an understanding.
A basis for developing a broad understanding of these issues, frequently termed ''industrial ecology," is being established, albeit the effort is still in its infancy (Allenby, 1992a; Ayres, 1989; Frosch and Gallopoulos, 1989). Nonetheless, five fundamental principles upon which we may base development of improved methodologies for integrating technological and environmental systems can already be identified:
Methodologies should be comprehensive and systems-based.
Methodologies should be multidisciplinary, including technical, legal, economic, political, and cultural dimensions to the extent possible.
Mitigation of environmental perturbations can only be achieved by focusing on technology, and developing policies and practices that encourage the evolution of environmentally preferable process and product technologies.
Economic actors, including private firms, must internalize environmental considerations and constraints to the extent possible, given existing exogenous constraints on firm behavior (e.g., laws such as the antitrust statutes or the prices of inputs and competitive products).
Policies and regulations must reflect the need for experimentation and research as different paths and methodologies are tried (rigid micromanagement through command-and-control regulation will in many cases be incompatible with systems-based approaches embodied in methodologies such as Design for Environment (DFE), as the unfortunate negative impact of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act on industrial recycling practices demonstrates (see the paper by Pfahl in this volume and, more generally, Office of Technology Assessment [OTA], 1992).
Obviously, a great deal of work remains to be done before we begin to fully understand industrial ecology and apply it to current industrial ecosystems (see the discussion by Ehrenfeld in this volume). In the interim, however, there can be no excuse for evading the application of the approaches we do understand to ongoing regulatory and industrial behavior. Although just emerging and still generally untested at this point, DFE is one potential methodology for accomplishing this. Design for Environment should be regarded more as an approach, than as an existing, implemented system.
Before introducing DFE, it is important to recognize that our current unsophisticated approaches tend not to recognize important differences among classes of products and materials. Thus, for example, it is useful to differentiate between two classes of manufactured items: low-design/high-material items, such as packaging, consumer personal care items (e.g., soaps and shampoos), and bulk chemicals; and high-design/low-material products such as automobiles, electronic and communications equipment, and airplanes.
These product streams generally have different life cycles within the economy. For example, the former tend to be used up and dispersed into the environment rather than discarded (packaging being an obvious exception). Materials use in the two cases also implies different recycling and disposal requirements. Materials use in a low-design/high-material product stream tends to be relatively simple, and, in many cases, few materials are incorporated into individual items (this need not be the case, however; a snack chip bag only 0.002 inch thick consists of nine separate layers of material [OTA, 1992]). Thus, recycling is fairly straightforward. On the other hand, the structure and materials use of a high-design/low-material product such as a printed wiring board are highly complex, and many materials, including different plastics, ceramics, alloys, frits, and glass-
es, are often present in a single product. Recycling of materials for such a product is thus much more complicated and difficult.
Moreover, as implied by the designation, the design function is far less important for a low-design/high-material product than for a high-design/low-material product. This reflects a fundamental difference: the design of a complex high-design/low material product requires consideration of an additional, highly complex, system that low design/high-material products do not—that is, the product itself. Associated upstream and downstream product and manufacturing process implications of changes to such a product or its associated manufacturing systems make the analysis far more complex than in the case of a low-design/high-material item. Moreover, the supplier/customer networks for high-design/ low-material products tend to be far more complex than those for low-design/high-material products.
This has a number of policy implications, the primary one being that regulatory tools that may be effective in encouraging environmentally appropriate technology for high-design/low-material items may be dysfunctional or at least inefficient when applied to many low-design/high-material products. Thus, for example, post-consumer take-back requirements for high-design/low material articles will drive firms (and thus designers) to produce products more easily disassembled and recycled. On the other hand, postconsumer take-back requirements imposed on low-design/high-material products such as consumer packaging, which generally require significant transportation of used product, may not be economically efficient.
As a practical matter, the only way the five principles enumerated above can be implemented by industry in practice, at least for high-design/low-material products and associated manufacturing processes, is by driving environmental considerations and constraints into the design process. Implementation of DFE practices is intended to accomplish this.
The idea behind DFE is to ensure that all relevant and ascertainable environmental considerations and constraints are integrated into a firm's product realization (design) process. The goal is to achieve environmentally preferable manufacturing processes and products while maintaining desirable product price/ performance characteristics (Allenby, 1991).
DFE is intended as a module of an existing design system known as "Design for X," or DFX, where "X" is a desirable product characteristic such as testability, manufacturability, or safety (Gatenby and Foo, 1990). This has at least two critical advantages. For one, linking implementation of DFE to an existing process reduces the culture shock of integrating environmental considerations into product and process design and makes the entire package far more acceptable and easier to implement. For another, the need to create DFE to fit into an existing
design procedure imposes a necessary discipline on DFE development that helps make DFE practical in a real operating environment.
Implementing DFE has a number of benefits for the firm. The major benefit is that it provides a mechanism for the firm to manage environmental issues as they evolve from simply overhead, "end-of-pipe," considerations to strategic and competitively critical. Thus, compliance with increasingly complex, sometimes contradictory, environmental regimes can be eased by designing to avoid emissions. Costs arising from taxes, fees, or burdensome regulations directed at inputs such as energy or virgin materials, or from wastes or carbon produced during manufacturing, can be identified and managed only through such a comprehensive approach.
Another important reason firms are adopting DFE is the need to meet increasing environmental concerns on the part of customers. There are two major components to this challenge for manufacturing firms.
The first is the much-discussed growing interest that consumers exhibit in "green" products. At this point, determining environmental preferability, or "greenness," over the life cycle of a product is frequently beyond the state of the art. Moreover, determining the depth and importance of environmental consumerism is somewhat problematic and depends to a great extent on the product and its market, as well as overall economic conditions. It is, however, clear that such preferences exist to some degree.
The second is more subtle and much harder to address ad hoc: the demands of sophisticated customers for products that reduce their potential environmental costs. Thus, for example, the U.S. Air Force may be concerned about a weapons system that requires chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) for routine maintenance, or that produces significant used oil or chlorinated solvent waste streams. Sophisticated business customers may pressure component or subassembly suppliers to reduce their use of toxic substances such as lead solders or batteries containing cadmium, or to use environmentally preferable packaging. State and national laws require recycling of batteries and elimination of heavy metals in packaging or plastics. Such requirements frequently require design changes: they clearly cannot be addressed by traditional "end-of-pipe" means.
Comparing DFE with other environmental management and regulatory concepts helps demonstrate the comprehensive nature of the methodology. Perhaps the most familiar of these concepts is "pollution prevention" and such associated terms as "waste minimization" and "toxics use reduction." DFE incorporates these concepts, but as elements in a more complex multidimensional analysis. To a large extent, these concepts still reflect the ''end-of-pipe" mind-set, in that they do not comprehend the need for a comprehensive, systems-based, technologically sophisticated approach to environmental management in a high-technology economy.
Other concepts involve aspects of the comprehensive DFE system as well. These include, for example, practices such as "Design for Disassembly," "Design
for Refurbishment," "Design for Component Recyclability," and "Design for Materials Recyclability." Like pollution prevention, these are obviously necessary dimensions of a DFE system.
These single dimensions are important not just in themselves but because they offer firms a relatively easy path to begin implementing DFE. No firm has yet implemented a comprehensive DFE system, and, indeed, fully implementing DFE practices will in all likelihood require that most firms develop new competencies, organizations, and information systems. This will take time and, in many cases, changes in organizational cultures as well. Accordingly, the most practical path for firms to follow may be to concentrate on implementing a few of these concepts initially, such as pollution prevention and Design for Disassembly, and then move on to other aspects of DFE as experience is gained.
Life cycle analysis, or LCA, incorporates into DFE the concept that all environmental impacts of an item—from those attributable to inputs, to manufacture, to consumer use, to disposal—should be considered in evaluating the environmental preferability of the product (Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry [SETAC], 1991). LCA is a means by which data on environmental impacts, an important component of a DFE approach, can be generated. LCA can thus be equated to the DFE Matrix System discussed below. While it is probable that both LCA and the DFE Matrix System will continue to evolve in similar directions, at present LCA appears to apply more to low-design/high-material products, in that proposed methodologies do not reflect the systems implications of manufacturing complex articles. Perhaps for similar reasons, LCA also is essentially an analytical method; it does not provide a mechanism by which identified environmental considerations and constraints can be introduced into product and process design, as DFE does.
A number of other generic terms, such as "green engineering" and "environmentally conscious manufacturing," are also in use. Although these efforts have generated useful ideas and specific technical practices, as currently defined they tend to follow a rather ad hoe approach to meeting environmental goals. The lack of a systems-based approach makes it difficult for firms, and designers, to implement these concepts in a comprehensive manner.
The implementation of DFE practices involves two categories of activities: (a) global, comprehensive projects whose effect extends across all design functions; and (b) specific individual evaluations of products, processes, or inputs.
In the first category are projects that can be undertaken at any time and will help result in environmentally preferable products across the board. Such activities include review of all internal specification documents to determine whether unnecessary environmentally harmful processes (such as cleaning with chlorinated solvents) or components (lead solder where conductive epoxy systems might
be used) are being required. Similarly, manufacturing firms should evaluate specifications and requests for proposals from their customers to determine whether unnecessary environmental impacts are being explicitly or implicitly required.
Using generic contract clauses to change supplier behavior can also be effective. For example, several years ago AT&T began by contract to require that all suppliers use non-CFC packaging. Those who were unable to comply contacted AT&T, which then directed them to preferable alternatives. A general improvement of all packaging used by both AT&T and its suppliers was achieved.
Identifying unnecessary process steps can also be an effective way of reducing environmental impact across many operations. Thus, many electronics companies found they could reduce their use and emissions of CFCs and chlorinated solvents by eliminating some cleaning steps or by doubling-up cleaning operations. This activity can be driven back into the design process by identifying design decisions that require environmentally harmful processing activities, and selecting alternatives. Thus, for example, use of an open relay switch on a printed wiring board requires that the board be cleaned with a chlorinated solvent, since such relays "can't swim"; that is, they cannot be exposed to water. Substituting a sealed relay permits the use of environmentally preferable aqueous cleaning systems.
More specific DIE activities involve an analysis of options for specific design choices. Here, a particular product, process, or input would be evaluated using several basic steps.
1. Scoping. The target product, process, or input is chosen, and options are identified. This is a critical step, particularly because the process of identifying options also generates a set of potential competitive surprises.
A second important component of the scoping process is to determine the depth of analysis required. For a fundamental design decision—such as moving · away from lead solder technologies in printed wiring board assembly—a fairly rigorous analysis would be appropriate. However, where incremental changes to an existing product or process are under consideration, there are relatively few options open to the designer, and a DIE analysis can be correspondingly limited.
2. Data Gathering. The next step is to gather and evaluate all relevant data. This may be done using LCA methodologies or, alternatively, by completing a data collection effort aimed specifically at DIE information needs. Such an effort revolves around collecting information in at least four areas, illustrated by the data collection matrices in Figures 1-5: environmental primary, manufacturing primary, social/political primary, and toxicity/exposure primary. A summary matrix then captures the most severe concern for each ranking. The data in the matrices shown in Figures 1-5 are drawn from an example developed by the author and described later in this chapter.
There are three possible entries for each matrix cell (Figure 6). One or two pluses in a cell means the option has positive environmental effects for that cate-
gory and indicates the relative degree of benefit. A straight line means the cell is inapplicable to the option. An oval indicates some degree of concern: an open, or blank, oval indicates minimal concern; dots indicate some concern; diagonal lines indicate moderate concern; and solid black indicates serious concern.
An important feature of this graphical approach is the ability to indicate relative degrees of uncertainty. Thus, the amount by which each oval is filled in
(going clockwise from 12 o'clock, as illustrated in Figure 6) with the appropriate pattern indicates the relative degree of uncertainty. For example, a solvent with potentially serious health effects, such as methylene chloride (a suspected carcinogen), would receive a solid black rating in the appropriate cell but, as those effects are quite uncertain, the oval might be only be half filled.
3. Data Translation. Once an analysis is completed, the information must be digested and turned into tools with which the design engineer or team can work. It is not very helpful, for example, to tell a designer that methylene chloride is a possible human carcinogen if the designer is unaware of alternatives. It is far more effective to create design tools, such as standardized components lists; design procedures, such as checklists that can be reviewed by environmental ex-
perts; and software systems that incorporate these data into the design process without requiring further knowledge on the part of the designer.
These design tools can take many forms. For example, as AT&T phased out its use of CFCs in manufacturing, it created two useful tools. One, a handbook, listed all common solvents and, among other things, provided a color flag to indicate whether use of the material was acceptable from an environmental and regulatory perspective (for example, benzene would be red, or not acceptable, while water would be green, or acceptable under all circumstances). The other was a heuristic hierarchy of process choices (implementation of which frequently entailed changes in design process or product design). The preferable choice was to eliminate the cleaning step entirely; the second was to use an aqueous system; the
third was to use a semiaqueous system (water/hydrocarbon); the fourth, temporary and least preferred, was to use a chlorinated solvent.
Another "design tool" is simply to require that all components be labeled to ease postconsumer recycling. Thus, for example, plastic casings for computers or copiers increasingly have a label embossed on the inside giving the type of plastic, which facilitates material recycling. This need not concern the designer directly; it merely needs to be incorporated into the standard components list or required of the supplier through specifications.
An experimental test of a formal DFE Information System (DFEIS) methodology was carried out by the author on a fairly controversial problem that AT&T confronted regarding the desirability of substituting indium alloys, bismuth alloys, or isotropic conductive epoxy technologies (using silver as the filler) for the lead solder currently used in assembly of printed wiring boards in electronics manufacturing (Allenby, 1992b). The results, presented in Figure 5, were counterintuitive, supporting a conclusion that significant substitution of indium, bismuth, or isotropic conductive epoxy technologies for lead solder would not be environmentally preferable.
None of the environmental effects that led to this conclusion occurred during the manufacturing or consumer use life cycle stages, the only ones that would have been considered in most standard industrial evaluations. Rather, they reflected basic characteristics of indium and bismuth ores (and, to a lesser degree, silver); namely, the low concentrations of indium and bismuth in virtually all ores, and the low world reserves of the metals taken as a whole. Under these circumstances, extraction would be very energy-intensive, and substantial environmental impacts, at least locally, could be anticipated (see Figure 1). Moreover, this raises obvious cost and availability concerns that should be addressed before relying on these options for a critical manufacturing function (see Figure 2).
Additionally, it was noteworthy that even this relatively limited, real world test of the DFEIS raised several unresolved ethical issues. For example, if indium or bismuth were to be substituted for lead solder, much of the environmental impact (and associated social and community impacts as well) would fall on localities where the mining and processing occurred, including some outside the United States. The potential environmental benefits, a reduction in the amount of lead solder from printed wiring boards in waste streams, would accrue primarily to localities near landfills or incinerators in the United States, where the electronic items would be disposed of. The asymmetrical geographic distribution of risk and benefit raises clear equity concerns, but I am aware of no generally accepted methods for resolving them.
A second issue, that of intergenerational resource allocation, is an extremely difficult equity problem. Since there is little indium in the world, is it appropriate
to consume much of this limited stock in the manufacture of televisions and VCRs, where it will eventually end up in sinks from which it is virtually unrecoverable? Is this acceptable given that the risks posed by alternatives, such as lead solder, are probably minimal for this use? In essence, this amounts to buying little or no risk reduction for U.S. inhabitants today by loading potentially substantial costs on future generations. If other materials can substitute for indium completely, the answer might still be yes, but we have no way of knowing this: indium might have some unique value in the future. (This is the rationale behind the ranking of "serious concern" in the disposal life cycle stage/significant externalities category in Figure 3.)
At this point, at least, there are no generally accepted legal or economic answers to this conundrum. What is perhaps more interesting, however, is that this very difficult issue arose in a relatively simple analysis of a serious existing design decision. Companies are deciding now whether to begin the difficult task of shifting to alternative joining technologies for printed wiring boards, so they will implicitly answer the ethical questions in any event. By failing to implement DFE practices, we are not avoiding problems; we are just ignoring them.
The toxicity/exposure primary matrix, containing the most familiar material, completes the matrix set, but even here there were important implications. Thus, as Figure 4 indicates, even for lead, a material whose toxic effects have been known since Roman times, considerable uncertainty over nonmammalian toxicity remains. Also it should be noted that data on exposure and on acute toxicity are integrated to provide the rankings captured in the summary matrix. This reflects the well-known toxicological principle that the hazard posed by any agent is a function of both the inherent toxicity of the agent and the concomitant exposure of the target population. Either exposure or toxicity alone does not generate hazard.
We are now at a stage where we are beginning to understand the multidisciplinary, systemic nature of the interrelationship between technology and environment. Current regulatory and industrial practices, however, are still predicated on an increasingly dysfunctional symptoms-oriented approach. Design for Environment practices provide a means by which industry—and regulators—can move beyond current single-dimensional, ad hoc approaches in the short term and evolve a systems-based, comprehensive set of practices over the long term. Both the environment and industrial competitiveness will benefit as a result.
Allenby, B. R. 1991. Design for environment: A tool whose time has come. SSA Journal September:5-9.
Allenby, B. R. 1992a. Industrial ecology: The materials scientist in an environmentally constrained world. MRS Bulletin 17(3):46-51.
Allenby, B. R. 1992b. Design for Environment: Implementing Industrial Ecology. Ph.D. dissertation, Rutgers University.
Ayers, R. U. 1989. Industrial metabolism. Pp. 23-49 in Technology and Environment, J. H. Ausubel and H. E. Sladovich, eds. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.
Frosch, R. A., and N. E. Gallopoulos. 1989. Strategies for manufacturing. Scientific American 261(3): 144-152.
Gatenby, D. A., and G. Foo. 1990. Design for X: Key to competitive, profitable markets. AT&T Technical Journal 63(3):2-13.
Office of Technology Assessment. 1992. Green Products by Design: Choices for a Cleaner Environment. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 1991. A Technical Frame-work for Life Cycle Assessment. Washington, D.C.: SETAC Foundation.


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What is the Hesh Amla Powder?
Amla (Indian Gooseberry) is a plant that has been used extensively in Ayurvedic (traditional Indian herbal system of medicine) treatments. It is, perhaps, best known in the form of Amla hair oil and other hair products. It is known to moisturize as well as help make your hair darker, shinier and stronger.
The Hesh Amla Powder is exactly what its name implies and while primarily meant to be used on your hair, may also be applied on your skin. When used for your hair, the manufacturer suggests that it may aid in promoting hair growth, controlling hair fall or hair loss, curing scalp infections and controlling premature gray hairs.
With regards to using it as a skin care product, it is suggested that it may help reduce pimples and remove grime.
According to the label, the Hesh Amla Powder contains just amla powder. This product is completely safe for external use but contact with the eyes or mouth should be avoided according to the manufacturer.
There are no reports regarding any ill effects of using Indian Gooseberry, also known as Mirobalanus emblica or Phyllanthus emblica or Emblica officinalis in botanical terms. Everything is allergenic to some degree and while amla is widely used without any harmful effects, it is best to test out a small patch with any new product just to make certain.
Why use the Hesh Amla Powder?
One of the problems with using amla products is that the smell is not particularly pleasant. This often means that the product contains additives or perfumes to neutralize or overpower the smell. The Hesh Amla Powder, on the other hand, does not suffer from this problem and is just as effective according to most reviewers.
This is a completely natural product and is not known to have any adverse effects, immediate or long term. The Hesh Amla Powder is great if you are looking to prevent gray hairs while keeping your hair healthy, shiny, soft and moisturized.
Completely natural hair care product that actually helps nourish and condition your hair, making it stronger and softer. Regular use of the Hesh Amla Powder will darken your hair color and help prevent gray hairs from showing. It also gives your hair a nice sheen, making it look healthier and shinier.
If you are using henna to dye or strengthen your hair, adding this powder will tone down the red tinge and give your hair a lovely darker auburn or chestnut color.
There are no specific drawbacks to using the Hesh Amla Powder but for certain types of hair which has been chemically treated, it may cause it to become frizzy.
If you have colored hair, using the Hesh Amla Powder may alter the color, this is particularly so for lighter shades.
The Hesh Amla Powder is an excellent hair care product that is also suitable for moisturizing and cleansing skin. It is genuinely effective for strengthening, darkening and moisturizing your hair and in some cases (where the problem is not hormonal) may reduce hair fall or hair loss and even promote hair growth. We highly recommend the Hesh Amla Powder for anyone looking for a natural hair care product and conformable with its darkening effect on hair color.
Country of Origin: Product of India
Ingredients: Amla Powder
Product Weight: 42 OZ (1200 Grams) = 3.5 OZ (100 Grams) Each
Quantity: 12 Box
Storage Instructions: Keep in Cool & Dry Place
Package: Box
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She has the prim hips of one
who makes her own bread daily;
her sockets are fresh petals
around a brined curl of pearl.
"A father's curse is a heavy burden:
it weighs on the womb like idols."
She keeps a goatwool scarf tied
taut across the brow as I pour
whisky as blended as incests -
she refuses with a smile to tempt
an offer of long labour, gratis.
"I lost sight of him on the Efrat road;
a good man, worthy of sororital love."
Her white glance speaks of graves
and dust, birth-killed bones lost
between steads; her sumac breath
shows a devotion for hearths.
"He took my miracles, my desert fruits -
Atonement comes, and I must hug them."


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msms bull rush
thank you!!!
The Maize South Middle School Physical Education department would like to recognize and thank the following businesses, departments, and people who assisted in helping design, organize, build and run the Bull Rush!!! It would not have been such a great event without their help!
Brandon Wolff's Slidely by Slidely Slideshow


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Whichbook Blog
Keep up to date with Whichbook news and check out our weekly 'Whichbook of the week'
Kill the Father
Posted by Rosemary Bullimore on 29 October 2018Serial killer? Mad scientist? Capitalist espionage? Every time I thought I'd worked out what was happening in this excellent thriller my theory was thrown up in the air again! All this, plus a great duo in cop Columba and her expert adviser Dante, made for a fantastic read. Thank goodness the next in the series is just out.
More details | Tagged: Whichbook of the week
Little Gold
Posted by Michelle Jenkins on 22 October 2018This Brighton-based coming-of-age story stars twelve year old Little Gold and her elderly neighbour Peggy Baxter. The pair finds solace in their burgeoning friendship as each battles with their own private demons. I found the serious nature of the novel touching, harrowing and enlightening in equal measure, with the survival instinct of the two leading ladies the most moving aspect of all.
More details | Tagged: Whichbook of the week
Swan Song
Posted by Els Willems on 15 October 2018Everybody loves a bit of gossip and Truman Capote, society figure and famous writer, uses it brazenly for his work. His inner circle of friends, the Swans, who tell him all their secrets, are shocked by his published indiscretions. Glitz and glamour and names like Lee Radziwill, Lauren Bacall and Gloria Vanderbilt play a significant role in this tale. And a special one is saved for the unfaithful husbands. I enjoyed it shamelessly.
More details | Tagged: Whichbook of the week
And the Wind Sees All
Posted by Wendy Smith on 08 October 2018This novel places the reader inside the moment as a young woman cycles down a street in a small fishing community. I loved the repetition of words and phrases, which evoke a feeling of familiarity and ease even when the narrative takes on a darker tone. Away from Reykjavík's cultural hot spots, this is the perfect book for the mindful traveller wishing to leave the crowds behind.
More details | Tagged: Whichbook of the week
The Book of Joan
Posted by Linda Corrigan on 01 October 2018A post-apocalyptic story with a strong feminist stance. Even if it's not to your taste, bear with the sexual references and language in the first part, which recurs intermittently throughout the book. I found the story very well worth reading, if challenging. It might help if you have some knowledge of the stories of Joan of Arc and Christine de Pizan but it's not necessary.
More details | Tagged: Whichbook of the week


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World's Smallest Postal Service is a fantastic tiny letter transcription service by artist Lea Redmond.
Here's how the miniature mail service works (available online): You write a letter up to six sentences and Lea will transcribe it onto tiny stationary using a microscopic ink pen. It then goes into a tiny envelope which gets addressed, receives a miniature stamp and gets sealed with a miniscule wax seal with your initial on it. The letter comes with a magnifying glass.
It's an adorable idea for a teeny tiny gift that makes a big impression.
via digital crushes, coolhunting
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Solar energy can help each and every one of us reduce our carbon footprint and save money on energy costs. But if you don't quite understand how solar power works then this information is meant for you.
How Solar Panels Work
The most common type of solar panel is the photovoltaic (PV) panel. These panels absorb light particles from the sun, which then flow through the semiconductive materials in the panels themselves. This creates an electrical current.
Solar power systems also include an inverter though. This piece of equipment turns the direct current (or DC) produced from your panels and turns them into an alternating current (or AC) which can flow to each one of your electrical outlets.
Solar Energy Can Save Money and Help the Environment
Today's solar panels are able to collect more of the sun's particles than earlier panel models. Modern battery storage cells are also able to hold even more solar energy for longer than earlier models.
The technology used to generate solar power has come a long way. Due to these advancements, more businesses and homeowners are able to financially afford to switch to solar power in order to help the environment and save money.
If you are considering a switch to solar power, contact Sunrise Solar today. We can help you design the perfect solar power system for your home, farm, or business throughout Maryland, Delaware and New Jersey.


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Is HRH Sultan Nazrin's advice that the rulers formally appoint ( and do not select ) prime ministers, menteri besars and chief ministers properly understood in Selangor?
In a public lecture at the Raffles Hotel in Singapore on 27.7.2004 organised by the Institute of South-East Asian Studies, Raja Nazrin Shah ( now HRH Sultan Nazrin Shah of Perak ) in his exposition on the Malaysian monarchy lucidly said as follows:
"The Agong formally appoints ( but does not select) the Prime Minister…. Correspondingly, the Rulers at State level appoint the Chief Ministers."
HRH's words were a simple restatement of the key principle that majority support of the state legislative assembly is a fundamental precondition for the appointment of the Menteri Besar as provided for in Article 53(2)(a) of the Selangor State Constitution. In interpreting the identical provision in the Perak state constitution in the case of Mohammad Nizar Jamaluddin v Zambry Abdul Kadir [2010] 2 CLJ 925, Chief Justice Ariffin Zakaria quoted with approval the following statements made by the President of the Court of Appeal Raus Sharif as follows:
"The DYMM Sultan of Perak in exercise of His Royal Prerogative under Article XVI(2)(a) of the Perak State Constitution is at liberty to appoint another Menteri Besar to replace Nizar. But His Royal Highness must appoint someone who has the command and the confidence of the majority of the members of the Legislative Assembly" ( our emphasis)
This legal statement encapsulates a fundamental political principle – that it is the people who elect their elected leaders and in the Malaysian system of constitutional monarchy, that it is the majority of the elected representatives who then select their prime minster, menteri besar or chief minister as the case may be. And, conventionally, in Malaysia and in other countries with a similar system, it is the political parties who command the majority in the elected legislative assembly who select the name of the next prime minister, or menteri besar or chief minister for the states.
It is also clear in this statement of the law that majority support must be demonstrated at the time of the appointment.
Media reports suggest that three ADUNs, Iskandar Samad, Dr Ahmad Yunus Hairi ( both from PAS) and Azmin Ali ( Deputy President of PKR ) were recently 'interviewed" at the Istana in relation to a prospective appointment as Menteri Besar of Selangor. Dr Wan Azizah Wan Ismail, President of PKR who has publicly demonstrated a majority of 30 ADUNs however still waits patiently for an audience.
HRH the Sultan of Selangor will of course be receiving legal advice as to his duties and powers under the State Constitution.
As a legal advisor to PKR, I point out again as many others have done, the settled legal position. I do so because, assuming it is true that all the three ADUNs have indeed been "interviewed" for the Menteri Besar position, then serious questions arise as to whether HRH Sultan of Selangor is being properly advised as to the proper constitutional position.
In the Perak case on 5th February 2009, the Barisan Nasional candidate for Menteri Besar Zambry was able to demonstrate to HRH Sultan of Perak in an audience with the presence of 30 other ADUNs that he had majority support of 31 ADUNs and that Nizar, the incumbent Menteri Besar, had lost the majority with support of only 28 ADUNs after three PR ADUNs crossed over to BN. The Federal Court therefore ruled that HRH of Perak had properly appointed Zambry in accordance with the State Constitution and the law.
It is obvious on the undisputable facts in the public domain for the Selangor situation that none of these three candidates purportedly granted audiences so far by HRH Sultan of Selangor have fulfilled the fundamental condition of majority support. The PAS candidates whose names were submitted only by their party can at best claim the support of 13 ADUNs. Azmin is in an unusual situation as his name was not even formally proposed by any party and he himself has publicly declared support for Wan Azizah and affirmed it in the form of a sworn statutory declaration. At this point in time, Azmin too, is not able to publicly demonstrate majority support.
I appeal to HRH and his legal advisers to take into account the clear interpretation placed upon the identical provision in the Perak Constitution by the Federal Court in deciding who to appoint as the next Selangor Menteri Besar.
If Wan Azizah is to be refused her appointment as the next Menteri Besar, there ought to be at the very least an explanation of which provision of the State Constitution is being invoked to prevent her from being considered for the appointment and why.
Sivarasa Rasiah, PKR Member of Parliament for Subang
21st September 2014