Nineteen cultures of human embryonic or adult-tissue cells were exposed to SV40 as primary cultures or developed cell strains in Phase II of cultural life; 12 cultures were exposed to virus in Phase III, at the end of in vitro life. After the expected proliferative response, infected cultures exhibited morphological change, accelerated growth, and prolongation of propagability. After an average of 22.6 weeks for cultures infected as primary explants or in Phase II, the proliferative stage of transformation ended in a stage of "crisis." Crisis was characterized by progressive decline in vigor of culture proliferation, increasingly abnormal cell division, and limitation in propagability of cells eventually resulting in diminution in cell number. Cytological features of crisis included detachment of cells and appearance of multinucleated and giant cells. Temporally and cytologically, crisis was similar for transformed cells whether of adult or embryonic origin, whether derived from skin, buccal mucosa or lung, whether in Phase II or III of culture life at the time of infection (the "older" cultures entering crisis sooner than the "younger"), and whether propagated continuously or with intervening periods of growth arrest or proliferation in vivo. After a variable time "recovery" of cultures from crisis occurred by repopulation from small groups of surviving but seemingly dormant cells. The new populations, always obtained with care of cultures in crisis, formed continuously propagable cell lines. Control uninfected cultures have always exhibited the finite life terminating in Phase III which is characteristic of human diploid cell strains. Passage of transformed cultures through crisis and recovery was accompanied by loss of capacity to release infectious SV40 and enhancement of production of SV40-induced complement-fixing antigen.


This paper describes a new robust method for calibration of ultrasound probe (2D/3D). Prior to calibration, a position sensor is attached to the probe for tagging each image/volume with its position and orientation in space. The localization process of the acquired image/volume in 3D space critically requires a calibration procedure that determines its accuracy. The calibration procedure is performed to determine the transformation (translations, rotations, scaling) of the scan plan with respect to the position sensor. In the literature, there are many solutions to the US calibration, but no approach has been published so far that brings a closed form solution for this problem. The proposed methodology will provide a closed form solution from two motions of the US probe. Also, we are presenting the calibration setup along with the experiments that have been conducted with synthetic and real sequences. This calibration method is shown to be easy and fast to perform.


The patient was brought to me, Nov. 5, 1914, by Dr. E. H. Underwood of Fort Wayne, who furnished the previous and subsequent history. History. —J. A. C., man aged 73, American, carpenter, first came to the office Sept. 11, 1914. The family history was negative. The patient had had the diseases of childhood, pneumonia at 18 and typhoid at 24. He fell 40 feet when 33 years of age, falling on his shoulders and fracturing the right clavicle. He was in bed six weeks and disabled from work six months. There was no dyspnea at this time. Since then he has had several falls with slight injuries. Recovery from all these was complete. The present illness began April 26, 1914, when he fell 16 feet from a scaffold. He thinks he fell on the back of the head and shoulders. He was dazed but not rendered unconscious. He immediately


Novel microscopic techniques yield high-resolution volumetric scans of complex anatomical structures such as the blood vasculature or the nervous system. Here, we show how transfer learning and synthetic data generation can be used to train deep neural networks to segment these structures successfully in the absence of or with very limited training data.


EPR studies of vanadyl doped ZnSO4⋅7H2O are reported. Vanadyl is found to have fixed orientations in the lattice and there are two magnetically inequivalent complexes in the lattice. The angular variation of the spectra is studied in the crystallographic ab, bc, and ac planes. The principal values of g and A and the direction cosines which the principal axes make with the crystallographic axes are found. Vanadium enters the lattice substitutionally in the place of Zn2+ and gets bonded to five water molecules of the lattice to form a stable [VO(H2O)5]2+ complex. The results obtained from the EPR studies of the polycrystalline samples of vanadyl doped Mg(NH4)2(SO4)2 ⋅6H2O, K2SO4, and 3CdSO4⋅8H2O are also reported. The spectra are analyzed using a spin‐Hamiltonian corresponding to tetragonal symmetry. In the optical absorption spectrum of vanadyl doped ZnSO4⋅7H2O two bands are observed in the visible region which are attributed to d–d transitions. The EPR results in conjunction with the optical results give ...


GPS has the characteristics of the high precision of the operation,operation efficiency,which is gradually replacing the traverse line horizontal engineering control and becoming an important method.This paper discusses the establishment of GPS route plane control measurement scheme with specific engineering case to verify the feasibility of the scheme.


The X‐band EPR spectra of a gaseous mixture of 14N16O, 14N17O, and 14N18O are presented. Statistically significant differences in the spectra indicate that a unified theory of isotopic effects is derivable from the data. Further interpretation will be presented in a second paper. The oxygen‐17 hyperfine interaction was found to be ≈ 57.4 G and a large oxygen‐17 quadrupole interaction is indicated. The s character of the 2pπ electron on oxygen in nitric oxide is estimated to be 2.0%, in good agreement with that estimated for the isoelectronic molecule 17O2−.


This paper discusses the procedure to convert total-radiated power measurements data to equivalent electrical field data, which might be get on a standardized test site. The algorithm in use is based on two parameters, which are the geometrical factor gmax and the directivity of equipment under test (EuT) Dmax. Both parameters are unknown for unintentional radiators. The aim of this paper is to collect the published information to predict these parameters and to discuss the influencing factors to get a useful approximation for gmax and Dmax. Especially the prediction of Dmax depends on the effective size of the EuT described by the radius of a sphere containing the EuT.


In 1897, J.J. Thomson discovered the electron, prompting scientists to more aggresively attempt to describe the structure of the atom as a whole. Thomson proposed a "plum-pudding" atomic model; the negatively charged electrons are evenly spread throughout a positively charged mass like raisins in plum pudding. Lord Ernest Rutherford, however, who worked under Thomson, knew that Thomson's model did not agree with experimental data such as spectroscopy [1]. Rutherford proposed a different model for atomic structure. In his model, Rutherford placed all positive charge in the center of the atom as a dense ball he called the nucleus, while the electrons would be arranged much less densely around the nucleus. Rutherford also suggested an experiment, now called Rutherford scattering, to be done to test his model. He proposed to bombard a gold foil, which contains large gold atoms, with small positive nuclei, α particles (already known at the time to be ionized helium atoms). According to Rutherford, as the incident α particles pass through the foil, they would be scattered by the like-charged gold atoms. In some cases, an α particle could even be scattered backwards. Rutherford characterized this scattering effect with the Rutherford Scattering Equation [1]:


Reconfigurable robots offer a new approach in robotic systems so that particular solutions can be easily put together by integrating suitable modular components. The CLAWAR approach to modular design using concepts of basic modules and super-modules to the cooperative systems are extended to develop a generic methodology for the design environment. A case study is also presented for designing climbing robots for biomedical applications based on this methodology.


Field studies carried out by scientists from various Universities (mainly the Universities of Dakar and Marseille) and seismic lines of Shell Senrex (1971-73) reprocessed in 1988 brought out new ideas on the existence and structure of an ante- Mesozoic basin Onshore Senegal. These ideas have been confirmed by recent seismic lines acquired in 1990/91/92 by Petrosen, with the assistance of PetroCanada in Casamance (Southern Senegal) and Onshore Senegal North of Gambia.


Thank you very much for downloading error and the growth of experimental knowledge. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have search numerous times for their chosen readings like this error and the growth of experimental knowledge, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some malicious bugs inside their laptop.


The decomposition of litter is an important function in the regulating service of the river ecosystem. The decomposition of litter can not only provide energy and material for the ecosystem, but also evaluate the health of the ecosystem. Fallen leaves are the most common litter in the riparian zone. There are three main stages in the decomposition of leaves in rivers. In these three stages, there are many factors that affect the rate of decomposition of leaves. These factors are divided into three categories: the difference in the physical and chemical properties of the litter itself, the difference between the biological and non-biological characteristics in the river, and the feeding activity of the shredder. However, the previous scholars' studies on leaf decomposition mostly focused on soil ecosystems, and there were few studies on leaf decomposition in aquatic ecosystems. And no one has studied the relationship between blade surface hardness and thickness and blade decomposition rate. In addition, previous studies were conducted at fixed locations in the river, and very few studies have been conducted on different areas of the same river. In this study, three sites in the upper, middle and lower reaches of the tamagawa river were selected for leaf decomposition experiments. And use the newly designed penetrometer and micrometer to measure the surface hardness and thickness of the leaves. After 25 days of decomposition experiments, the final results showed that the lower the hardness and thickness of the leaves, the higher the decomposition rate. But when the blade hardness and thickness are similar, the characteristics of the blade surface will also affect the decomposition speed of the blade. An `d human activities will affect the function of leaf decomposition in the river ecosystem.


The Internet plays a complex role in minority language promotion. On one hand, Internet technologies can discourage the use of minority languages, due to the global spread of the Internet and the predominant use of English to communicate online. On the other hand, the Internet is heralded by some minority language proponents as a potential "savior" of minority languages, in part because it provides opportunities for low-cost entry to media production and user-generated content, with limited state control.
This dissertation reports a case study of one minority language group, the members of which are seen as forerunners in the use of Internet technologies for the benefit of their language: Welsh language speakers. Although scholars have speculated how Welsh language proponents make use of the Internet for language promotion purposes, the current situation regarding the use of Welsh online is not entirely clear, in part because there has been little empirical research assessing the actual use of the language online. While some research suggests the Internet has found an enthusiastic following among Welsh speakers, other research suggests that many Welsh speakers do not use the language online, either because they use English instead, or because they simply do not go online.
This dissertation employs the diffusion of innovations theory (Rogers, 2003) and post-hoc archival analysis to examine computer-mediated discourse in two CMC technologies that show evidence of adoption by Welsh speakers: blogs and Twitter. It traces the diffusion of these innovations and reasons for their adoption (or rejection) to begin to understand the current situation of Welsh language use on the Internet. The results indicate that blogs and Twitter do not appear to be widely used in Welsh, and language promotion does not appear to be an overt goal for most users. The study highlights the need for further empirical research to assess if ICTs such as the Internet are successfully aiding proponents in promoting and encouraging the use of Welsh and other similarly-situated minority languages.


Petroselinum crispum (parsley or garden parsley), besides its use as an edible vegetable, is used in the treatment of various ailments with documented evidence validating some of these medicinal uses. The present study evaluates the impact of oral administration of P. crispum on blood coagulation parameters. Fresh leaves of P. crispum were locally sourced, authenticated and extracted using ethanol to obtain an ethanolic extract of P. crispum (PCE). Twenty-five (25) male Wistar rats were used for the study and were randomly assigned to five (5) animals of five (5) rats each. Group I served as the control group and was given distilled water, whereas groups II, III, and IV were treated as experimental groups and administered PCE at 200, 400, and 800mg/kg via oral gavage, respectively. Group V also received 800mg/kg of PCE with the administration terminated on the 28th day to allow for a 14-day recovery period. Platelet count (PLT) and other platelet indices were determined using an automated Haematology analyzer. Bleeding time (BT), clotting time (CT), prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and plasma fibrinogen (FIB) were assayed following standard laboratory protocols. The results of the study show that the mean PLT were significantly reduced in the experimental animals compared to the control (p<0.05) while BT, CT, PT, aPTT and FIB significantly increased compared to the control (p<0.05). Also, BT, CT, PT, and aPTT recovered towards the control values after the 14-day withdrawal period. The present study shows ethanolic leaf extract of P. crispum prolonged blood coagulation. The current evidence suggests that P. crispum could be a candidate for further exploration as a natural plant-based antithrombotic agent.


To describe the midfacial degloving approach and compare the varying surgical approaches to juvenile angiofibromas. To demonstrate the efficacy of midfacial degloving in treating large juvenile angiofibromas in a unique patient cohort.


In a recent article in this Review, Akhtar [2] presented 30 estiO.ates of demand or money functions in Pakistan. One of the purposes of Akhtar's study was to est two alternative theories, "the modern quantity theory of money and what JUay ,lie called the 'accumulating capital' framework" [2, p. 40). We have examined Akhtar's estimates and have serious reservations concerning the validity of his results. In the present paper, therefore, we raise several criticisms against Akhtar's study and then offer alternative estimates of demand for money in Pakistan.


An improved silicon-on-insulator (SOI) MOSFET transistor structure is presented. The structure retains the density and low-capacitance advantages of SOI, but places the transistor channel region in the single-crystal silicon substrate. This "seeded-channel" configuration avoids floating-body effects and ensures that defects in the SOI will not affect the channel mobility. The technology has been used to successfully fabricate n-channel transistors.


Data-intensive applications exhibit increasing reliance on Database Management Systems (DBMSs, for short). With the growing cyber-security threats to government and commercial infrastructures, the need to develop high resilient cyber systems is becoming increasingly important. Cyber-attacks on DBMSs include intrusion attacks that may result in severe degradation in performance. Several efforts have been directed towards designing an integrated management system to detect, respond, and recover from malicious attacks. In this paper, we propose a data Partitioning-based Intrusion Management System (PIMS, for short) that can endure intense malicious intrusion attacks on DBMS. The novelty in PIMS is the ability to contain the damage into data partitions, termed Intrusion Boundaries (IBs, for short). The IB Demarcation Problem (IBDP, for short) is formulated as a mixed integer nonlinear programming. We prove that IBDP is NP-hard. Accordingly, two heuristic solutions for IBDP are introduced. The proposed architecture for PIMS includes novel IB-centric response and recovery mechanisms, which executes compensating transactions. PIMS is prototyped within PostgreSQL, an open-source DBMS. Finally, empirical and experimental performance evaluation of PIMS are conducted to demonstrate that intelligent partitioning of data tuples improves the overall availability of the DBMS under intrusion attacks.


ABSTRACT IMPACT: Implementation of proteomics as a diagnostic tool for Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infection can provide a more accurate, efficient and cost-effective means for effectively diagnosing disease and enacting timely management decisions which can revolutionize patient care. OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Proteomic analysis is a proven diagnostic modality enabling rapid identification of microorganisms. We sought to apply proteomics to detect proteins unique to the most clinically relevant NTM. We then determined whether these unique proteomes could be used to successfully identify NTM species from in vitro cocktail preparations. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: NTM reference strains for M. avium, m. intracellulare, m.chimaera, m. abscessus abscessus, m. abscessus massiliense and m. abscessus boletti were cultured in vitro and subjected to proteomic analysis using Liquid Chromatography tandem-Mass Spectrometry (LCMS). Tandem Mass Tag (TMT) data acquisition utilized an MS3 approach for data collection using Proteome Discoverer 2.4. A comparative analysis of the proteome of each of these six species was performed quantitatively using LCMS. The process was repeated for three technical replicates and analyzed using the SEQUEST algorithm. Only high scoring peptides were considered utilizing a false discovery rate (FDR) of 1%. Once species-specific proteins were identified, we validated detection in individual and mixed samples of the six reference strains. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: The proteomic profiling of the six NTM reference strains successfully demonstrated proteins unique to each of the MAC species and MABC subspecies. Proteomic MAC species analysis produced between 327 to 2,540 unique peptides for each of the 3 species. MABC proteomic analysis identified between 17-74 unique peptides for each of the 3 subspecies. Fifteen different mixed preparations of MAC and MABC were then subjected to LCMS analysis and compared against the proteome profiles already curated for the six strains. We accurately identified at least one NTM in the majority of the samples (10/15). In three samples (3/15), the NTM was not correctly identified; in two of the samples (2/15) we were unable to determine the identity of NTM within the preparation. Further database curation will be performed to hone these results. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF FINDINGS: Proteomic analysis of in vitro reference strains successfully demonstrated protein fingerprints specific to six common disease-causing strains of NTM. Such findings can be used to evaluate clinical samples enabling more efficient diagnostic specificity. Further research will focus on identification of NTM in sputum samples of infected patients.


Erbium ions were successfully doped in silicon by pulsed laser irradiation above the threshold laser energy density. Photoluminescence peaks at 1.54, 1.59 and 1.64 µm from Er-optical centers were observed after annealing of Er-doped samples. The intensity of the 1.54 µm Er-emission band increased upon increase in the laser energy density, and then gradually decreased after reaching the maximum, due to the laser sputtering of the silicon substrate. Oxygen atoms, which were unintentionally codoped with Er-ions, were found to be distributed in the same region as in Er-ions, and were suggested to play roles to activate Er-optical centers. The maximum concentration of Er-ions doped in the solid state regime were estimated to be the order of 10 18 cm −3 by the Rutherford backscattering measurements.


Research on current technology-related issues in Australian education reflects some common themes: the fast-changing nature of available tools and current push to nationalise the curriculum alongside substantial increases to both technology access and use in Australian schools. At the same time, there exist problems such as a misplacement of focus on technology over pedagogy, ineffective use of ICTs for learning, poor change management and "one-size-fits-all" interventions that do not properly address the needs of each school – problems that are not unique to the Australian context. The Connected Communities 21 project is a collective case study of seventeen Australian government schools promoting the development of selfmanaged models of change while leveraging digital tools for teacher professional learning and connecting best practice within and between schools. This paper reports on how change has been employed in three of these cases as they implement a range of ICTs to transform pedagogy and meet the demands of a new curriculum. Interim findings from the study suggest that the use of digital technologies to connect school communities plays a key role in developing 21 century participatory cultures within and beyond the classroom.


Optical synthetic aperture imaging technique,which substitutes the single aperture with multiple sub-apertures of a certain arrangement,can meet the high resolution imaging demand while reducing the weight of the system.However,the modulation transfer function(MTF) of optical synthetic aperture system is attenuated in the low and middle frequency band,which causes the degradation of image.Aiming at this problem,the characteristics and image restoration algorithm of rotated array based on Y-type array with six apertures are studied.Firstly,some of the Y-type array sub-apertures are rotated to respectively acquire the multi-frame images containing integrated information.Secondly,the rotation angles are determined via the cut-off frequency and mid-band energy ratio which correspond to the resolution and spectrum energy,respectively.Finally,image restoration is performed by multi-frame iterative blind deconvolution algorithm.The experimental results show that the proposed method works well on the synthetic aperture image restoration of Y-type array,and the reconstruction accuracy has also been validated.Moreover,the design of relative sensor can be innovated by this method.


We extend the classical Brunel-Sucheston definition of the spreading model by introducing the $\mathcal{F}$-sequences $(x_s)_{s\in\mathcal{F}}$ in a Banach space and the plegma families in $\mathcal{F}$ where $\mathcal{F}$ is a regular thin family. The new concept yields a transfinite increasing hierarchy of classes of spreading sequences. We explore the corresponding theory and we present examples establishing this hierarchy and illustrating the limitation of the theory.


A manual of practical elements for designing case-control studies on childhood diarrhea as part of a series focuses on minimizing bias. 3 types of bias arising in clinical case-control studies are discussed: misclassification confounding and selection. Simple numerical examples are used to illustrate the impact of each on the final odds ratio. Misclassification of the disease or exposure status of children as cases or controls may lead to a biased estimate of the odds ratio in either direction. Since the disease status is often known before the exposure status misclassification of the exposure status may be differential especially if the interviewer is aware of the childs status as a case or a control. Confounding may be minimized by planning at the design state to collect accurate data and sometimes by matching. Choice of the control group is the most difficult decision usually from among children reporting to the clinic with diseases other than diarrhea. Bias may arise by selecting controls with diseases related to the exposure being considered and by differences in likelihood of reporting diarrhea vs. episodes of control diseases. Strategies for minimizing selection bias are discussed.


This paper discusses Yu Qiuyu's "Du Jiangyan". This article analyses its wise and farsighted and literary talent and lose tune.


The increasing number of cyberattacks has made the cybersecurity situation more serious. Thus, it is urgent to use cyber threat intelligence to deal with the complex and changing cyber environment. However, cyber threat intelligence usually exists in an unstructured form, and a huge amount of data poses a great challenge to security analysts. To this end, this paper proposes a novel threat intelligence information extraction system combining multiple models, which contains four key steps: entity extraction, coreference resolution, relation extraction, and knowledge graph construction. In the entity extraction task, a multihead self-attention mechanism is adopted to extract the dependency relationships between words. In the coreference resolution task, contextual information and mention embedding are fused to improve the mention representation. Meanwhile, features of different dimensions are extracted using a convolutional neural network. In the relation extraction task, additional features such as part of speech, mention width, entity type, and distance of entity pairs are incorporated to improve the embedding representation. Finally, a knowledge graph is constructed to explicitly present entities and their relationships. Experimental results indicate that compared with the baseline model, the F1 score of our model is improved by at least 8.87, 9.82, and 10.56 on entity extraction, coreference resolution, and relation extraction, respectively. The knowledge graph in Neo4j demonstrates the effectiveness of our system.


Diarrhoea and weight loss are presenting features of both Crohn's disease and colorectal cancer; however, the two conditions can usually be distinguished on the basis of characteristic patterns of abnormalities observed at the time of initial blood testing and imaging. In patients with suspected Crohn's disease these are often considered sufficient grounds to commence empirical treatment before the results of histology are available. This case report describes a 45-year-old man whose initial clinical, endoscopic and radiological investigations were strongly suggestive of a diagnosis of Crohn's disease, but who subsequently was found to have an adenocarcinoma of the mid-transverse colon. He went on to have an emergency extended right hemi-colectomy.


The enhancing impact of fermentation with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and drying/coating on bioactivity properties of Spirulina platensis was investigated. The fermentation with Lp. plantarum took place anaerobically in 72 h at 37 C. Encapsulation of fresh and fermented samples was made by spray‐drying with 170 °C air inlet temperature, 20 mL/min feed flow rate and different ratio of coating material (1:0, 1:1, and 1:2 maltodextrin). Fresh Spirulina capsules exhibited different shapes mostly rod form whilst fermented Spirulina exhibited generally spherical shape. 1,1‐diethoxy‐ethane (34.02 %) and tert‐butyldimethylsilyl 2,2,3,3,3‐pentafluoropropanoate (26.70%) were identified as the major compounds in fermented Spirulina. Total phenol content of Spirulina was in range from 14.22 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g for fermented wet spirulina to 77.27 mg GAE/g for fermented spray‐dried Spirulina coated with maltodextrin at ratio of 1:1. Drying and fermentation process significantly increased total phenol content, total antioxidant activity and diphenyl picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging capacity of Spirulina (P < 0.05). Bacteriostatic concentration of fermented spray‐dried Spirulina was 25 mg/mL against Salmonella Paratyphi A, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis, whereas bactericidal effect was at the concentration of 25 mg/mL versus Pseudomonas aeruginosa and E. faecalis. The combination of fermentation with Lp. plantarum and drying after coating with maltodextrin of Spirulina enhanced its antimicrobial and antioxidant properties by 0.7‐20 fold compared to fresh wet Spirulina.


The scientific novelty of this study is that when controlling for network effects that might bias the friendship influence effect, an influence effect is found over social distance two for the smoking behavior of Dutch adolescents. These findings add to a growing body of literature emphasizing the relevance of accounting for complex network dynamics when investigating adolescent behavior. This study convincingly shows that institutions such as the Dutch educational system, social phenomena such as inequality, peer group dynamics, and socialization at home are key factors for understanding smoking behavior. In contrast to the popular belief that smoking is the act of a rebellious, individualist adolescent, it is a phenomenon that is largely governed by social mechanisms.


Objective:The aim of our study was to investigate the application value on dynamic contrast-enhanced MR(DCE-MR) imaging and its various enhanced parameters between benign and malignant pulmonary lesions.Methods:From 2007 October to 2010 December,fifty-five consecutive patients were prospectively enrolled in the study.All patients underwent DCE-MR imaging on a 1.5-T MRI unit.Main measurement parameters of DCE-MR included signal intensity of early perk(SIep),signal intensity of maximum perk(SImax),signal intensity of end(SIen),maximum enhance ratio(MER),SIep%,ascending slope,descending slope and washout.Results:Various enhancement parameters of DCE-MR were analyzed to distinguish malignant and benign nodules with well blood supply.For DCE-MR,compared with various enhancement parameters of benign and malignant nodules with well blood supply,significant differences(P 0.05) were observed in SIep,SImax,SIen,MER and washout.And special significant differences(P 0.01) were observed in SIep,SImax,and washout.Critical values of three parameters with P 0.01 were selected and analyzed.When malignant nodules were diagnosed in the light of this condition,simultaneously conforming to SIep 510,SImax 550 and washout 12,sensitivity,specifity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value,right index and diagnostic coincidence rate of its malignant diagnosis were 78.57%,90%,95.65%,60%,0.686,81.58% respectively.Conclusion:DCE-MR could help for effective differential diagnosis between both nodules of hypervascularity,since it was very difficult for differesntial diagnosis in clinic.


Skeletal muscle arterioles respond to an increase in transmural pressure with a myogenic constriction, a phenomenon terned the myogenic response. Previous studies have shown an increase in the intracellular [Ca2"] and level of myosin light-chain phosphorylation of the vascular smooth muscle cells is requisite for this response (Zou et al., 1995), however other intracellular signalling mechanisms have been suggested to be involved. In the present study the role of tyrosine phosphorylation in myogenic tone of rat cremaster arterioles was further examined. Arterioles (diam approx. 140 gm) were dissected from cremaster muscle of anaesthetised (sodium thiopentone, 100 mg/kg i.p.) Sprague-Dawley rats. The vessels were cannulated on micropipettes, mounted in a 10 ml superfusion chamber, positioned on the stage of an inverted microscope and superfused with Krebs-bicarbonate buffer at 4 ml/min at 34'C. To enable study of myogenic responses in the absence of shear stress, arteriolar segments were pressurised without intra-luminal flow. Vessels demonstrated significant myogenic vasoconstriction in response to increased intraluminal pressure. In the absence of extracellular Ca2+, vessels dilated passively in response to increased pressure. Vessels with myogenic tone were dilated by the tyrosine kinase inhibitors genistein (30 gM; dilated by 19.2±1.9% of maximum diameter at 70 mmHg, n=6) and tyrphostin A47 (10 and 30 gM; 12.7±4.4 and 22.2±4.5% respectively, n=5 for both) and were further constricted by the tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor pervanadate (1 giM, constricted by 30.3 ± 2.1 %, n=5 and 10 gM, ± 1.5, n=7). These data suggest that increased tyrosine kinase activity is not involved in acute myogenic constriction, in particular the increase in intracellular [Ca2+] obligatory for myogenic constriction, but may play a role in modulating arteriolar tone directly via a parallel pathway. Prevention of the myogenic response by removing extracellular Ca2` caused a large increase in tyrosine phosphorylation which may represent increased phosphorylation of proteins involved in mechanotransduction or possibly growth. These results show that the proliferative response of human VSM cells to both ATP and PDGF is dependant on the vessel of origin, with the SV cells being more responsive than the IMA cells. MAPK activation may be involved, but the greater response in IMA compared to SV cells underlines the importance of further studies on the cell signalling mechanisms which control proliferation in human VSM cells. The majority of prejunctional a2-adrenoceptors belong either to a2A-(in rabbit, dog, humans) or a2D-adrenoceptor subtypes (in mouse, rat. guinea-pig) (Hieble et al.,1996). Furthermore, it is now generally accepted that these subtypes are species orthologs. In contrast to the wealth of data on the sub-classification of prejunctional a2- adrenoceptors, information is lacking on the subtype of postjunctional a2-adrenoceptors. To test whether or not the receptor subtype is the same at pre- and postjunctional level, a characterisation of postjunctional a2-adrenoceptors in two species with different a2- adrenoceptor subtype at prejunctional level (dog and rat) was done. antagonism Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activation of cells induces protein phosphorylation including members of the mitogen activated protein (MAP) kinase family: p38, extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) I and 2 and Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Lipocortin-I (LC-I) supresses LPS-induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in J774.1 macrophages (Wu et al., 1995), suggesting a role for LC-1 in regulating macrophage responses to LPS. In this study we have used stably transfected murine macrophage cell lines (RAW 264) with sense and antisense LC-1 genes (Harris et al., 1998) to study the LPS-activation of ERK, JNK and p38 MAP kinase in these cells. cells were We have investigated the possible actions and messenger roles in pancreatic acinar cells of nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP), an endogenous metabolite of f-NADP, and potent Ca2" mobilizing agent in marine invertebrate eggs. The whole-cell configuration of the patch-clamp technique permitted access to the cytosol and monitoring of cytosolic Ca-+ concentration changes by measuring Ca2"-dependent ionic currents, which have been extensively correlated with different Ca2+signalling patterns. it categories: -free concentrations in the to any the characteristics of intracellular acinar in the absence of inhibitors, 50 nM NAADP that the complex pattern of Ca2+ spiking spikes, we tested the specificity of this effect for NAADP-induced Ca2+ release by investigating the ability of cADPR and InsP to induce Ca2 spikes in the presence of an inactivating concentration of NAADP (100 pM). In the presence of Ins 2,4,5P, (10 pM the patch-pipette solution), cells displayed typical short-lasting Ca" spikes (1-2 seconds, n=5). Such Ca` spikes are of a similar pattern to those evoked by 10 pM cADPR (n=5). When NAADP at 100 pM was present in the internal pipette solution, all the cells still responded to both Ins 2,4,5P3 (n=5) and cADPR (n=5). These data indicate that the inhibitory effect of NAADP on NAADP-induced is likely to a than by with Secretogranin II of the protein family of chromogranins involved in modulating endoproteolytic and In proteolytic processing of secretogranin II leads to the formation of the novel neuropeptide, secretonurin but the function of secretogranin II in specific brain areas such as basal ganglia is unknown. We now report on the effect of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesioning of the rat nigro-striatal pathway and subsequent L-DOPA administration on the gene expression of secretogranin II. of tolcapone and entacapone, two catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitors, on amphetamine-induced after the of amphetamine. Spontaneous locomotion Instruments activity Flex 48 infrared motion Stereotypical behaviour repetitive head and limb and n=4-8. analysis by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by to the test Elucidation of the central function of 5-HT6 receptors has been hampered by the lack of selective ligands. However, recent studies using antisense oligonucleotides directed at 5-HT6 receptor mRNA and the selective 5-HT6 receptor antagonist Ro 04-6790 (Sleight et al, 1998) suggest that 5-HT6 receptors may be involved in modulating cholinergic neuronal function (Bourson et al., 1995; Sleight et al., 1998). The present study was undertaken to characterise the profile of the novel, potent and selective 5- HT6 receptor antagonist, 5-Chloro-3-methylbenzo[b]thiophene-2-sulfonic acid (4-methoxy-3-piperazin-1-ylphenyl)amide hydrochloride (SB- 271046) (Bromidge et al., 1999). The affinity of SB-271046 at human and rat 5-HTc receptors was determined in HeLa and HEK293 cell lines stably expressed with human and rat (RBI) 5-HT The affinity of SB-271046 at human and rat 5-HT6 receptors was determined in HeLa and HEK293 cell lines stably expressed with human and rat (RBI) 5-HT6 receptors respectively. Binding studies were performed using [3H]-LSD as the radioligand, defining non-specific binding with methiothepin. receptors respectively. Binding studies were performed using [3H]-LSD as the radioligand, defining non-specific binding with methiothepin. In functional studies, the effects of SB-271046 were determined on 5-HT- These data demonstrate that SB-271046 is a potent, selective and orally active 5-HT6 receptor antagonist which modulates central cholinergic function. The central dopa decarboxylase (DDC) inhibitor, NSD-1015 (3- hydroxybenzyl hydrazine), is widely used to study the role of L-DOPA itself in brain. However, its effect on L-DOPA-induced locomotor activity in rats is unclear as both increases and decreases have been reported (Melamed et al, 1984, Nakazato & Akiyama, 1988). For this reason, we have investigated the effects of NSD-1015 on L-DOPA-induced contralateral rotations and efflux of L-DOPA and dopamine (DA) in 6OHDA lesioned rats. Single rat hepatocytes micro-injected with the photoprotein aequorin display oscillations in intracellular free Ca>' concentration ([Ca 2>Ji) when stimulated with Ca 2-mobilizing agonists, including ADP and ATP. The duration of the [Ca2>]i oscillations is dependent on the receptor species being activated; oscillations of very different duration can be induced in the same individual hepatocvte by different agonists. Activation of a given receptor induces oscillations of consistent duration both within an individual hepatocyte and also between cells. ADP and ATP induce very different patterns of oscillations, indicating activation of distinct receptors by these agonists (Dixon et al., 1990). The receptors involved not identified. We have studied the effects of UDP UTP single hepatocytes. In the effect of the suramin, on the oscillations induced by ADP. ATP and UTP has investigated. The histamine H3 receptor is a presynaptic receptor that regulates the synthesis and release of histamine as well as several other neurotransmitters including noradrenaline, serotonin, and dopamine (Leurs et al., 1998). Recent developments in the field of the H3 receptor indicate an important role of the histaminergic neuronal system in learning and memory (Leurs et al., 1998). Since ageing is commonly associated with cognitive impairments, in this study we assessed changes in the histamine H3-receptor in the rat cerebral cortex, striatum, and hippocampus of young (2-4 months) vs old (27-29 months) rats. Following the methods described by Alves-Rodrigues et al. (1995) we performed saturation binding assays of the radiolabelled H3-receptor antagonist [125I]-iodophenpropit to membranes prepared from male FBNF1 rat brains. As a functional assay the H3-receptor mediated inhibition of the electrically evoked release of [3H]-noradrenaline was measured from brain slices of the same rats. Data are expressed as mean±SEM, and Student t-tests applied to detect statis


VLSI netlist partitioning has been addressed chiefly by iterative methods (e.g. Kernighan-Lin and Fiduccia-Mattheyses) and spectral methods (e.g. Hagen-Kahng). Iterative methods are the de facto industry standard, but suffer diminished stability and solution quality when instances grow large. Spectral methods have achieved high-quality solutions, particularly for the ratio cut objective, but suffer excessive memory requirements and the inability to capture practical constraints (preplacements, variable module areas, etc.). This work develops a new approach to Fiduccia-Mattheyses (FM)-based iterative partitioning. We combine two concepts: (1) problem reduction using clustering and the two-phase FM methodology and (2) adaptive multistart, i.e. the intelligent selection of starting points for the iterative optimization, based on the results of previous optimizations. The resulting clustered adaptive multistart (CAMS) methodology substantially improves upon previous partitioning results in the literature, for both unit module areas and actual module areas, and for both the min-cut bisection and minimum ratio cut objectives. The CAMS method is surprisingly fast and has very stable solution quality, even for large benchmark instances. It has been applied as the basis of a clustering methodology within an industry placement tool.


Moche artisans on the coast of what is now northern Peru wrote perhaps the first Latin American history of sexuality sometime between 150 and 800 c.e. These crafts men declared their interest in "sexual" subjects by producing a vast amount of pot tery that depicted anal intercourse, fellatio, and masturbation. Only rarely did they construct explicit images in which the penis penetrated the vagina. One anthropol ogist argues convincingly that the artisans intended these vessels as historical com mentaries. As they fixed meaning to sexual acts and developed particular ideologies regarding the past, they produced a historical critique, an analysis of time, rulers, ancestors, and gods. Yet, because we have such difficulty interpreting the messages portrayed, either we leave such imaginary universes entirely out of the history of sexuality, or we relegate them to uninterpretable oddities.1 Another puzzle emerges when we read an early colonial ethnography of a Nahua ceremony in which a priest donned the skin of a woman slain as an offering to a fertility goddess.2 In the ritual process, the Nahuas invoked a notion of creation: the


In article the experimental research of reliability of computer model of the special broadcast encryption scheme grounded on methods of noise-resistant coding and list decoding is conducted. The task of counteraction to coalition attacks in a case when power of a coalition exceeds the provided threshold is considered. The technique of carrying out of experiments and the received experimental data for the protection scheme which are based on two classes of generalized Reed-Solomon codes are presented. Possible usages of the researched protection scheme are considered.


Abstract The growing disposal of industrial waste materials and high CO2 emission of cementitious materials production are serious concerns since they can globally pose critical environmental problems. Therefore, the environmental impacts besides the mechanical properties of materials are one of the major factors that should be considered. This study aims to investigate the mechanical, microstructural, environmental and economic impacts of red mud (RM)- and fly ash-based geopolymer concrete (GPC) containing waste tire rubber. The mechanical characteristics of rubberized GPC were evaluated by destructive and nondestructive tests. The scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction were used for microstructural investigations. The response surface method was adopted to determine the optimum concrete mixture based on desirable goals. The results indicate that the low content of rubber did not significantly change the mechanical properties of rubberized GPC. A slight enhancement in strength was observed by increasing the RM from 20% to 30% at 60% and 90% of rubber. Based on this study, rubberized GPC can be considered to be suitable and beneficial as a medium to low and controlled low strength material, since the incorporation of wastes led to the reduction of both CO2 emission and cost with desirable mechanical properties.


In scroll compressor (10), sliding portion defined by cylindrical part (26) of slide bush (25) and protruding part (53) of movable scroll (50) is provided with lubrication part (70). In the lubrication part (70), a coating layer of composition for slide member comprising polytetrafluoroethylene and, per 100 parts by weight thereof, 300 parts by weight of polyamidoimide resin and 100 parts by weight of calcium fluoride as an antiwear agent is superimposed on the surface of iron-made base material.


There are two modes of the company to acquire its technology including the internal access and the external access.Based on the analysis of the grey relation between the access to technology and the innovation performance of the Competitive Industries in Sichuan Province,it shows that there are significant differences among which the same manner of technique acquisition has the impact on the innovation performance in different industries.So it should take full account of the differences in the technology and make innovation when the government makes the incentive policies for the company to acquire technology in different industries.


In recent years much has been done in the research in the school of the quintessence of Chinese culture and Liu Shipei,especially in his academic history.However,little attention has been focused on the successive relationship between his family_transmitted knowledge and his own learning and even less has been done in the research in his relation with Yangzhou School and the real academic origin. Futher study of Liu should be focused on his fierce mentality and sensitive soul as a poet and his learning's going beyond politics so that we can grasp his mental changes and the inner cause of his dilemma between politics and learning.


ABSTRACT From the perspective of the Space Shuttle astronauts, the effects of man on the surface of the Earth can be seen everywhere. The night segments of their orbits show well-lit cities connected by strings of lights, oil field flares, night-fishing fleets, and burning forests being converted to cultivated uses. Day views show that the cities are always gray relative to their environs. Ship channels, harbor reshaping, roads and cuts on barrier islands, developments on reef chains, waste dumps, and river channel modifications are abundant in coastal regions. Desert regions preserve the scars of man: seismic grids, center-pivot irrigation schemes, age-old camel caravan tracks, and huge reservoirs modify their regions. Water diversions increasingly have impacted not only where the water was used but also downstream lakes that are now shrinking: the Aral Sea and Dead Sea, for example. Extensive clearing and burning of pristine forests, dust from desertification, and smog from industrialized areas have now made the entire world's lower atmosphere the receptacle of massive amounts of air pollution. Volcanic eruptions contribute their share to the atmosphere, but at unpredictable times and places. These problems will continue to grow with the increase in the human population of the world, and they must be addressed and solved before we drown in our wastes.


This paper presents a definition and framework for a novel type of adaptive data network: the cognitive network. In a cognitive network, the collection of elements that make up the network observes network conditions and then, using prior knowledge gained from previous interactions with the network, plans, decides and acts on this information. Cognitive networks are different from other "intelligent" communication technologies because these actions are taken with respect to the end-to-end goals of a data flow. In addition to the cognitive aspects of the network, a specification language is needed to translate the user's end-to-end goals into a form understandable by the cognitive process. The cognitive network also depends on a software adaptable network that has both an external interface accessible to the cognitive network and network status sensors. These devices are used to provide control and feedback. The paper concludes by presenting a simple case study to illustrate a cognitive network and its framework


In the present work an investigation of the behavior of the improved shell finite element TRIC [1] is performed. The TRIC element is a simple yet sophisticated three-node shear-deformable isotropic and composite facet shell element that is suitable for large-scale linear or non-linear engineering computations of thin and moderately thick anisotropic plate and complex shell structures. The element formulation is based on the natural mode finite element method where the deformation or natural modes are separated from the rigid body modes. The element has substantial computational advantages, compared to the conventional isoparametric finite element formulation, such as analytical expressions for the computation of the stiffness matrix elements, shear locking-free properties and computational efficiency [2]. The improvement, which concerns the membrane (plane stress) behavior of the element, is achieved by applying an optimal method in calculating the elements of the stiffness matrix regarding the drilling degrees of freedom, while at the same time eliminating the aspect ratio locking of its predecessor. The purpose of this work is to assess, via a thorough investigation, the ability of the improved element to address real-world structural problems in a computationally efficient and yet accurate way. For this purpose the behavior of the element is investigated in a number of benchmark tests. Both the stress and displacement fields of the element are tested. The results are compared with existing analytical solutions or with numerical results obtained from commercial finite element programs.


ABSTRACT Objective To identify and to describe the legal provisions that regulate the sale of food in Brazilian schools. Method Documentary analysis carried out in 2019, on the websites of the State, capital and Federal District Legislative Assemblies, via e-mail and/or telephone contact and publications on the subject review. The data were grouped by geographic region and a descriptive analysis was carried out. Results Data were obtained from 96% of the federative units (25 States and the Federal District). 62 legal provisions were found: 60% current, 11% revoked and 29% draft bills. Current legislation was found in 67% of States: 100% of the States in the South, Southeast and Center-West regions, 56% in the Northeast and 43% in the North. Most of the legal provisions prohibit the sale of ultra-processed foods and encourage the sale of fruits and fresh foods in the public and private school network. Conclusion Progress is observed in the school food regulatory process in this country, considering its coverage in the States and in the public and private school network, but still restricted to the South, Southeast and Midwest regions.


In a shock wave tube for concrement fragmentation in a patient the coil is formed as a plane flat coil. A tubular connecton leads from the region between the flat coil and a diaphragm disposed before it to the suction side of a vacuum pump. During operation of the shock wave tube, the diaphragm is sucked against the flat coil. The arrangement has the advantage that a pressure chamber for pressing the diaphragm from the outside is eliminated. Therefore the shock waves need not pass through any exit windows, owing to which malfunctions due to cracks in the exit window are obviated. The shock wave tube can be designed in a very compact form in conjunction with reflectors. The reflectors preferably have a parabolic form with a focus at which the concrement of the patient is positioned.


We studied a method of evaluating the strain distribution of a steel sheet after forming, using high-frequency ultrasonic wave. We used JIS No.5 test pieces which applied arbitrary strain with 590 MPa class steel and 980 MPa class steel. The longitudinal wave sound velocity in the material was measured using high-frequency ultrasonic wave, visualization of the strain received by the material was found to be possible. It was found that there is a correlation between the amount of strain added to the material and the increase in sound velocity.


Embedded capacitor technology is an essential method for miniaturization and high performance of electronic package systems. High dielectric constant epoxy/ceramic composites have been of great interest as embedded capacitor materials for MCM-L applications, because they have good processability and compatibility with printed wiring boards (PWB), in addition to high dielectric constant. In previous work, epoxy/BaTiO3 composite embedded capacitor films (ECFs) were successfully fabricated and the properties of the capacitors using newly developed ECFs were characterized. The ECFs were mainly composed of epoxy based polymer resin and barium titanate powder. The ECFs were so flexible and tacky before curing that the films could be formed on releasing film, easily detached from the releasing film, and transferred to the surface of interlayer within multi-layered organic substrate. But those ECFs were non-pattemed with the top and bottom electrodes for the dielectric properties measurement. In this study, using ECFs and devices specially designed for correcting stray effect around the capacitors, the dielectric constant and dielectric loss can be measured by the reflection coefficient measured with a network analyzer. For fabricating of test vehicles, ECFs patterning process, investigated in previous work, was applied. ECFs were coated on releasing film with 10~15mum thickness. Then, ECFs were laminated and cured on Cu coated 4 inch Si wafer, and Cu was sputtered on ECFs. The sputtered Cu foil was patterned, which was used as a mask for ECFs patterning and top electrode. For forming via, Plasma etching which is one of the useful methods for removing the cured epoxy based polymer resin was performed. In the condition of O2 and CF4 mixed gases, the epoxy based polymer resin of epoxy/BaTiO3 composite ECFs was removed by RIE (reactive ion etching) treatment. After RIE treatment, the agglomeration of BaTiO3 powders with residue of epoxy based polymer resin was removed by ultrasonic cleaning treatment. The eliminated space by RIE & ultrasonic cleaning was electro-plated with Cu, then top and bottom Cu were connected. Finally, top Cu was patterned for top electrode. Then, using these test vehicles, the high-frequency characteristics are consistent with low frequency characteristics measured with an LCR bridge. The relative error between the high-frequency and the low frequency is estimated to be within 10%. The method is a practical way to obtain the characteristics of ECFs accurately and quickly in final form.


Steroid saponin,thistle polysaccharide,alkaloids and Isoflavone are the significant natural elements in Tribulus terrestris L.Steroid saponin has multiple biological activities and pharmacological functions.We have reviewed the researches on the pharmacological functions of gross saponin in Tribulus terrestris L.in recent ten years in an effort to provide theoretical basis for further application developments of gross saponin tribulus terrestris.


I have heard it argued that "simple justice" requires that we favor women and blacks in employment and educational opportunities, since women and blacks were "unjustly" excluded from such opportunities for so many years in the not so distant past. It is a strange argument, an example of a possible implication of a true proposition advanced to dispute the proposition itself, like an octopus absentmindedly slicing off his head with a stray tentacle. A fatal confusion underlies this argument, a confusion fundamentally relevant to our understanding of the notion of the rule of law. Two senses of justice and equality are involved in this confusion. The root notion of justice, progenitor of the other, is the one that Aristotle (Nichomnachean Ethics 5. 6; Politics 1. 2; 3. 1) assumes to be the foundation and proper virtue of the political association. It is the condition which free men establish among themselves when they "share a common life in order that their association bring them self-sufficiency"-the regulation of their relationship by law, and the establishment, by law, of equality before the law. Rule of law is the name and pattern of this justice; its equality stands against the inequalities-of wealth, talent, etc.-otherwise obtaining among its participants, who by virtue of that equality are called "citizens." It is an achievement-complete, or, more frequently, partial-of certain people in certain concrete situations. It is fragile and easily disrupted by powerful individuals who discover that the blind equality of rule of law is inconvenient for their interests. Despite its obvious instability, Aristotle assumed that the establishment of justice in this sense, the creation of citizenship, was a permanent possibility for men and that the resultant association of citizens was the natural home of the species. At levels below the political association, this rule-governed equality is easily found; it is exemplified by any group of children agreeing together to play a game. At the level of the political association, the attainment of this justice is more difficult, simply because the stakes are so much higher for each participant. The equality of


Current definitions of conflict of interest in medicine are unwieldy, impractical, and difficult to apply. Although well intentioned, Brody's (2011) approach to clarifying conflict of interest as it applies to interactions between physicians and the pharmaceutical industry further obfuscates the concept. Extrapolating from Erde's description, Brody defends a definition that is based on the concept of "trust in a social role," and requires the physician to become "a party to certain social arrangements." It is unclear what Brody means by "social role" or "certain social arrangements." Trust, on the other hand, is embodied in the definition of the fiduciary duty held by physicians to their patients, wherein fiduciary duty is defined as "one founded on trust or confidence reposed by one person in the integrity and fidelity of another" (Black's Law Dictionary 2010). The fiduciary (physician), who has more expertise and experience about medical issues than the beneficiary (patient), is obligated to act for the good of the patient at all times, and not in the fiduciary's self-interest. Beneficiary may be defined as patient, or more broadly, as society. Fiduciary duty trumps any "social arrangements" in which a physician might engage. The existence of a fiduciary relationship between physician and patient explicitly prohibits the physician from acting outside the patient's best interest. Fiduciary responsibilities distinguish physicians from much of the rest of society, and mandate that they refrain from the very activities cautioned by Brody—those that "would tempt a person of normal human psychology to neglect the patient's/public's interests in favor of the physician's" (23). While physicians may be persons of "normal human psychology," they are differentiated by their special duty to patients and society. Invoking the view of the physician as fiduciary abrogates the need to introduce the new criterion of "social arrangement." On this view, a conflict of interest may be more simplistically defined as a situation in which a physician's fiduciary responsibility is breached because of another incentive. However, the profession of medicine has undergone dramatic changes over the past century, and society no longer accords physicians the trust that it once did. Multiple factors have contributed to this change. New, complex organizations have been developed to administer and regulate medical care. Restricted work hours during training, and time pressures in practice have weakened the


The rural-urban relationship is always a focus of China's academic research.Over the past 60 years since the founding of the New China,there have been fruitful findings,thanks to the strenuous efforts of generations of researchers,concerning the definitions,the rural-urban relationships in ancient and modern China as well as in the era of planned economy after the founding of PRC and in contemporary China since the opening-up practices,the regional rural-urban relationship,and the new form of rural-urban integration.A review of these achievements is of theoretical and practical importance to the relevant studies and to the solution of the existing problems in China.


Doing medicine used to mean a job for life, but these days many junior doctors are facing unemployment. Kaji Sritharan investigates reports of a crisis in senior house officer jobs


Two fragments of overlapping SVDV P1 genome were amplified by the specific primers, then ligated with pMD 18-T vector and transformed into JM109. The recombinant plasmids were identified by restriction enzyme and the PCR. P1 sequence analysis indicated that adenosine(A) was rich, guanosine(G) and cytidine (C) were poor and A-G,C-T changing rates were high. Homology analysis showed that P1 sequence of SVDV HK'70 shared 97.8%,98.1%,97.6% and 89.3% homology with that of SVDV J1'73, SVDV H/3'76, SVDV (Seechurn) and SVDV NET/1/92 respectively, and the deduced amino acids sequence from P1 sequence of SVDV HK'70 shared 98.8%,98.7%,98.8% and 96.5% homology with that from P1 sequence of SVDV J1'73, SVDV H/3'76, SVDV(Seechurn) and SVDV NET/1/92 (respectively.)


The invention relates to a preparation method of a high-solid-content polyacrylamide emulsion. According to the preparation method, solvent naphtha with low viscosity and high carrying capacity is used to form a water-in-oil emulsion with high monomer concentration and ensure that oil-water separation, demulsification caking and other phenomena will not occur during the polymerization process; and by a low-temperature initiating and segment initiating technology, reaction time of each polymerization stage is adjusted according to ion type of the emulsion so as to obtain the high-solid-content polyacrylamide emulsion. The invention has the following beneficial effects: by the low-temperature initiating and segment initiating technology, the heat-dissipation problem during the preparation process of the high-solid-content emulsion is solved; corresponding process adjusting is carried out in allusion to cationic, anionic, nonionic and other emulsion types; and the preparation technology of multiple ionic types of emulsion meets application requirements of various industries such as water treatment, papermaking, oilfield exploitation and the like.


The purpose of this study was to determine whether moderate habitual physical exercise brings about the improvements of physical fitness, blood pressure and serum lipids in the training men. 481 volunteers in Iwafune town were asked to participate in the training program for six months from October 1990 to March 1991. They underwent a medical examination to check risk of heart attack before and just after the physical exercises. Optimum levels of walking exercise based on their own physical fitness were loaded on them once every day for six months. Amount of daily physical activities were measured for all the subjects of volunteers by using portable pedometers. The results were as follows: 1) The number of steps per day was over 7, 000 steps in 24.4% of the subjects, whereas lower than 3, 000 steps per day in 18.3% of them. A tendency of less daily steps was observed in the groups of 30s' years old . 2) After six months of health program practice, slight improvement of physical fitness were observed in both sexes, especially the required time of a fast walking was significantly shortened (p<0.01). 84.5% of the subjects showed pronounced improvements in endurance performance . 3) Remakable decreases of blood pressure were observed in the groups of hypertension and borderline hypertension before the program. Especially, the walking groups over 5, 000 steps per day brought about desiable improvement of blood pressure . 4) Habitual practice of daily physical activities led to significant increases of HDL and apo A-1, and significant decrease of TG and AI of both sexes. 5) No significant improvement was found in left ventricular function between pretraining and post-training. 6) Acording to the six months of health program practice, the improvement of daily physical or life style was obtained many volunteers, furthermore, a tendency of disappearance in unidentified clinical syndrome was observed. These findings suggested that regular physical activities for six months improve their physical fitness, blood pressure and serum lipids in the middle-aged and the old-aged, and daily physical exercises are very useful for prevention of cardiovascular diseases in a community health activity.


------------------------------------------------------------------------------***-------------------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract As Stabilization of soil improves its engineering properties, Chemical and Polymer Stabilization process are in use. Clay is a very important material in geotechnical engineering, because it is often observed in geotechnical engineering practice. Generally, the clay soil has numerous problems due to its low strength, high compressibility and high level of volumetric changes. Clay needs to be improved before it can be used in road construction, dams, waste landfills and in other construction. In this paper, Biopolymers (Xanthan gum & Guar gum) are used for stabilization of clay soil.


Let $S(n)^*$ denote the set of all non-zero squares in $\mathbb Z_n$. The constant $D_{S(n)^*}$ is defined to be the smallest natural number $k$ such that any sequence of $k$ elements in $\mathbb Z_n$ has an $S(n)^*$-weighted zero-sum subsequence. The constant $C_{S(n)^*}$ is defined to be the smallest natural number $k$ such that any sequence of $k$ elements in $\mathbb Z_n$ has an $S(n)^*$-weighted zero-sum subsequence having consecutive terms. We determine the value of the constants $D_{S(n)^*}$ and $C_{S(n)^*}$.


Induction motors with low efficiency and power factor are often used in industrial systems. Therefore, increasing the efficiency and power factor can enable the sufficient electrical power for demanding applications such as electric vehicles. In this paper, an induction motor assisted by permanent magnets is proposed to achieve high efficiency and power factor. In addition, its operating principles, torque components, and basic characteristics are analyzed. Simulation results indicate that the torque due to induction is affected by both the flux of the permanent magnets and the slip for a synchronous speed. The proposed motor improves the torque by 14%, the efficiency by 1.1%, and the power factor by 0.07 at a slip of 0.1 compared with a conventional induction motor.


Two methods to evaluate the effective elastic modulus of concrete participated in the study. One method was obtained from the calculation of the effective bulk modulus and the other method was based on the theory of elasticity. Results indicated that a fourphase model was very reasonable. The results suggest that the effective elastic modulus may benefit by improving the aggregate gradation and the internal transition.


The cross-regional diffusion of low-carbon technology knowledge is conducive to the development of low-carbon technology and increases the emission reduction contribution of the wider land. However, the flow of low-carbon technology knowledge faces many obstacles such as information, geography, and local protectionism. This paper focuses on whether and how information infrastructure construction can promote the flow of low-carbon technology knowledge under the digital wave. Through the low-carbon technology patents of category Y02 under the classification standard of Cooperative Patent Classification (CPC) and by matching them to the city level to measure the low-carbon technology knowledge flow, empirical research finds that: information infrastructure cannot only directly promote the low-carbon technology knowledge flow, but also indirectly promote the low-carbon technology diffusion by increasing foreign direct investment and human capital. The role of information infrastructure in promoting low-carbon technology knowledge is more obvious in the central and western regions and non-resource-based cities. Finally, in view of the current development situation of low-carbon technology knowledge flows in China, the paper puts forward policy recommendations to vigorously promote the construction of information infrastructure, to gradually increase the network density and the number of network nodes, release the digital economic dividend, and form a spatial pattern of coordinated development of regional knowledge flows.


Concentration depth profiles of both carrier and electron traps shallower than EL2 are investigated for undoped liquid-encapsulated Czochralski GaAs single crystals after annealing in vacuum and ambient arsenic vapor pressure with As metal powders. Thermal conversion near the surface of semi-insulating GaAs annealed in vacuum at 900°C is suppressed by annealing with ambient arsenic pressure of 100 Torr. The carrier concentration depth profile of thermally converted GaAs, which is an initially semi-insulating substrate, depends not only on the concentration change of EL2 but also on that of native shallow acceptors and deep donors shallower than EL2.


Objective To assess of the clinical effects of "Ziyin Tonglin Decoction" in treating chronic urinary tract infection.Methods Sixty subjects were randomly divided into two groups:treatment group in which 30 cases were treated by "Ziyin Tonglin Decoction" and control group in which 30 cases were treated by Levofloxacin lactate,with a course of 2 weeks.The clinical effect,blood routine,urine routine and urinary bacteria cultivation,T lymphocyte subsets,cytokines,urine SIgA were observed.Results The total effective rate was 93.3% in treatment group and 73.3% in control group;the clinical symptom score,T lymphocyte subsets,cytokines,urine SIgA of the two groups have significant differences.Conclusion This Decoction has positive effects on chronic urinary tract infection.


SUBTITLE: MICHAEL PREM MASCARENHAS, MANAGING DIRECTOR, AIR-INDIA, TALKS TO TONY CONCIL ABOUT THE AIRLINE'S TURNAROUND, THE GOVERNMENT SHARE SALE AND HIS VISION FOR THE CARRIER'S FUTURE FORMAT.


While writing a historical novel,the novelist tends to fall into a dilemma.Gao Yang strikes a balance between artistic creation and the objective reality;furthermore he develops his unique technique of allowing figment of the imagination and facts to co-inhabit with each other.In this thesis,the author takes Biology of Huxueyan as an example to analyze the techniques Gaoyang builds in his writing on the historical figures and historical events by exerting his artistic imagination.Thus,what he produces is historical novel instead of a record of history.At this point his writing lives up to the measure of modern Chinese historical novel which the present critics apply.


The paper discusses the process of standardization of the Bosnian language. This is the third language that was separated from the former Serbo-Croatian language. The author reveals problems associated with Bosnian national identity and the name of the language used by the Bosnians. The paper also discusses the work of Bosnian linguists, which finally led to the formation of language in the form now used in Bosnia.


David Wilton's foray into the early history of the word jazz is found in his Word Myths: Debunking Linguistic Urban Legends (2004 116–123). The putative myth discredited in the case of jazz is that the name is of African origin and was subsequently assigned by the American descendants of the enslaved to an important genre of American music. Wilton, on the other hand, traces the early popularity of the word in the 1910s to a San Francisco Call sports-writer, William (Spike) Slattery, and his colleague, E. T. (Scoop) Gleeson, at The San Francisco Bulletin, who covered baseball in particular. In their journalistic vocabulary jazz meant "pep, energy, team spirit". The earliest discovered instance of the word (1912) is in remarks by pitcher Ben Henderson of the Los Angeles Angels, who spoke of a special pitch, the "jazz curve": "I got a new curve this year. ... I call it the Jazz ball because it wobbles and you simply can't do anything with it." The transfer to popular music is explained as a newspaperman's ascription of a comparable quality of energy to the popular music of the time on the American west coast, initially to that of the band of NN. Wilton is aware that jazz was also used in familiar American speech and slang of seminal fluid but does not resolve the apparent disparity in semantics and register between the two uses nor give any sense of regional or other distribution. The debunking, were any needed today, is effective but in terms of etymology Wilton does not get us significantly closer to the origin of the word jazz. This distinction is claimed by Daniel Cassidy, who in typical hyperbolic fashion, proclaimed "How the Irish Invented Jazz" (2006). The author displays an etymologizing ingenuity worthy of his medieval Irish literati ancestors. Cassidy focuses Scoop Gleeson's efforts to explain the essence of jazz with reference to an expression, "gin-i-ker", that Cassidy assumes to from Irish Gaelic and to have been familiar to at least some of his San Francisco readers, where there was a large immigrant Irish community. Cassidy explains Gleeson's expression, equated with pep, as a phonetic transcription of Modern Irish tine caor, the first element of which is a variant on the more common teine 'fire'. The phrasing is glossed by the authoritative Irish lexicographer, Father Patrick Dinneen, as "raging fire, lightning" (Dinneen, s.v.). Yet his dictionary gives no indication that teine caor was ever in common figurative use as an equivalent of "energy, drive." Cassidy then evokes a wholly different Irish word from the relevant but broad semantic field, teas "heat, warmth", and explains (erroneously) how this Irish word might have been pronounced in roughly similar fashion to jazz in an English-speaking environment. Admittedly, teas is used in Irish in the sense of "excitement". Yet, like Wilton, Cassidy makes no effort to reconcile the the meanings of jazz as both semen and exuberant physical energy. Cassidy's hypothesis for the etymology of jazz then overstretches the semantic and phonological arguments in moving from Gleeson's 'gin-i-ker" "lightning" to teas "heat", while discounting the other significations that do not neatly mesh. Cassidy disregards other remarks by Gleeson himself, quoting Slattery, (Wilton 121), less supportive of his hypothesis, in which the expression is amplified to "gin-iker fizz", suggesting an origin in the beverage name ginfizz (popular from 1900 onwards) with the addition of the jocular intensifying prefix ker(*ginnykerfizz? cf. kerfluffle; OED, s.v. ker-, prefix). Another signification of jazz, accorded little attention by Wilton or Cassidy, is as "misleading or excessive talk" (OED) and unspecified peripherally relevant matter ("all that jazz", recorded from 1929). This vogue use of jazz seems to have begun with college students in California, about the same time as jazz assumed widespread currency in writing of sports and popular culture. It would seem to be an extended use of jazz as "pep, energy", the enthusiasm generating verbiage.


Abstract: Revenue decides the future of the company and the growth in upcoming years so it is vital for companies to know about it so that any changes in time can be made to make the business profitable. Most business organization largely depends on their sales, demand, and sales trend for their growth. This paper analyzes and predicts company sales and demands using machine learning and data analysis. The dataset Ocean Cafe available on Kaggle has been used for analysis and prediction purposes. The model used for prediction is XGBoost in which R-square, MAE(Mean Absolute Error), MSE(Mean Squared Error), and RMSE(Root Mean Squared Error) are calculated. For visualization purposes, various pie-chart, line graphs, and bar graphs are drawn making use of the python libraries and functions.


The health savings account reflects a philosophical shift in emphasis from collective to individual responsibility for the management and financing of care. Dr. James Robinson explains that HSAs form the core of the emerging "consumer-directed" insurance plans, imposing greater cost sharing on enrollees but permitting broader choices.


We have established previously that the spreading of liquids in granular porous media at low levels of saturation, typically less than 10% of the available void space, has very distinctive features in comparison to that at higher saturation levels. In particular, we showed that the spreading is controlled by a special type of diffusional process and that its physics can be captured by an equation of the superfast diffusion class, and these findings were supported by first-of-a-kind experiments. In this paper, we take these findings to the next level including deeper examination and exposition of the theory, an expanded set of experiments to address scaling properties, and systematic evaluations of the predictive performance against these experimental data, keeping in mind also potential practical applications.


We present a novel genetic-based algorithm for optimizing n-D simple-bounded continuous functions. In this paper, we propose a new mutation operator, called rotational mutation. The proposed approach starts from the vertices of the polytope created by the simple bounds, as the initial population. Similar to the conventional genetic algorithm, we calculate the optimum point of each population based on its cost value using the elitism mechanism. Then, we create the new generations based on the proposed rotational mutation and the conventional crossover operators. We have evaluated the algorithm on the two well-known test problems. Experimental results showed that the proposed approach outperforms the conventional genetic algorithm, in terms of the number of generations.


Abstract : Extensive evaporation ducting measurements were conducted over a period of 1 year in the Southern California offshore area and for 2 weeks between Key West and the Marquesas Keys. The purpose of the measurements was to provide data for model validations and to determine if existing climatologies could be used for estimating the probability of occurrence for evaporation ducting conditions.


The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of digital inclusive finance on the economic development of Shandong Province in the background of rapid economic development. By establishing an economic development index system, this study uses a panel model for economic development data and digital inclusive financial development index from 2011 to 2020 for 16 provinces in Shandong Province to determine whether digital inclusive financial development in Shandong is the economy of Shandong Province. The effect on development was empirically analyzed. The analysis results are as follows. First, it was found that digital inclusive finance had a significant positive (+) effect on Shandong's economic development. Second, it was found that the breadth of coverage, the operational depth, the degree of digitization had a significant positive (+) effect on the economic development of Shandong Province.


AbstrcatUsing the IC temperature sensor AD590 and the A/D convertor 7107 etc., a high precision digital-displayed temperature controller is designed.


The design for a first structural wall (FSW) promises to satisfy the impact and thermal stress loads for the 30-year lifetime anticipated for the HYLIFE reaction chamber. The FSW is a 50-mm-thick cylindrical plate that is 10 m in diameter; it can withstand a rapidly varying liquid metal impact stress up to a peak of 60 MPa, combined with slowly varying thermal stresses up to 86 MPa. We selected 2 1/4 Cr-1 Mo ferritic steel as the structural material because it has adequate fatigue properties and yield strength at the peak operating temperature of 810/sup 0/K, is compatible with liquid lithium, and has good neutron activation characteristics.


Identification of forensic articles like carcasses or marketed products is difficult. Although recent molecular advancement provides use of fragments of cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) as species level marker in all animals, yet primers are diverse among groups of animals. So, primer selection for any unstructured specimen is difficult. We explored possibility of cross species primer to amplify the DNA barcode fragment of COI for a native horse species ( Equus caballus ). Different barcode primers of common taxa are empirically tested in silico. Based on the critical criteria of DNA barcoding resultantly forward primer for Bird DNA barcoding and reverse primer for Fish DNA gave an in silico PCR product of 699 bp, also verified in vitro using genomic DNA extracted from hair samples. The sequence similarity and homology search in BOLD nucleotide database confirm specific identification. This study forecasts application of cross species primer to identify suspected biological sample in diverse arena.


ABSTRACT Accurate and efficient contact models for wheel–rail interaction are essential for the study of the dynamic behaviour of a railway vehicle. Assessment of the contact forces and moments, as well as contact geometry provide a fundamental foundation for such tasks as design of braking and traction control systems, prediction of wheel and rail wear, and evaluation of ride safety and comfort. This paper discusses the evolution and the current state of the theories for solving the wheel–rail contact problem for rolling stock. The well-known theories for modelling both normal contact (Hertzian and non-Hertzian) and tangential contact (Kalker's linear theory, FASTSIM, CONTACT, Polach's theory, etc.) are reviewed. The paper discusses the simplifying assumptions for developing these models and compares their functionality. The experimental studies for evaluation of contact models are also reviewed. This paper concludes with discussing open areas in contact mechanics that require further research for developing better models to represent the wheel–rail interaction.


The Information Technology and Systems Center (ITSC) and Earth System Science Center's VisAnalysis Systems Technologies (VAST) Team, both at the University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH), have collaborated on an information system that provides the ability to access, subset, customize, and visualize data across a distributed system of data sources. This work has been funded, in part, by NASA's Earth Science Information Partnership (ESIP) Federation, and the effort has been targeted towards Earth Science data sets. These UAH research groups have been the primary information system participants in the Passive Microwave ESIP-2 (PM-ESIP) project.


In accordance with action of the board of directors, in October 1933, a meeting of the executive committee of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers was held at Institute headquarters, New York, N. Y., December 8, 1933, in place of the regular December meeting of the board of directors.


The issue of the corpus linguistics studies is considered; the concept of corpus is deciphered. The author gives a definition of its four characteristics, describes the linguistic corpus application in the studying process. The use of applied linguistics methods in foreign language teaching is given, the teaching potential on the base of corpus language material is analysed. The analysis of such methods as information retrieval (IR), data-driven learning, natural language processing (NLP) and concordances are presented.


Objective To research dynamics of luteinizing hormone in acute traumatic brain patients and its clinical significance. Methods From Dec. 1999 to Dec. 2001, 50 patients with acute traumatic brain injury were randomly chosen to test their pituitary hormone LH with immunoradiometric assay method. The patients was studied according to their GCS scores, different prognosis, different type of injury, degree of the midline shift of brain structure on CT. The relation between LH and the clinical data was analyzed. At the same time, 12 healthy people was set as control. Results The LH levels of acute traumatic brain injury group were higher than that of controls. The more severe the traumatic brain injury was, the higher the pituitary LH was at the time of admission. In dynamic observation, level of the hormone dropped fast, most of them may be lower than normal in 2 days. The change of amplitude was great. In the severe traumatic brain injury group, the ratio of pituitary hormones at the time of admission to the third day after injury would be larger and GCS 3-5 group and death group could reach 3, and in the minute injury group or in the good recovery group that might be around 1. Conclusions Pituitary hormones of the patient with acute traumatic brain injury at the earlier time after trauma could serve as a guideline for judging the degree of injury and predicating the prognosis. If the level of pituitary hormone at the time of its admission was very high, especially dynamic test showed sharply descent and even lower than the normal range, that might suggest the injury was severe and the prognosis was poor.


Upward migration of plant species due to climate change has become evident in several European mountain ranges. It is still, however, unclear whether certain plant traits increase the probability that a species will colonize mountain summits or vanish, and whether these traits differ with elevation. Here, we used data from a repeat survey of the occurrence of plant species on 120 summits, ranging from 2449 to 3418 m asl, in south-eastern Switzerland to identify plant traits that increase the probability of colonization or extinction in the 20th century. Species numbers increased across all plant traits considered. With some traits, however, numbers increased proportionally more. The most successful colonizers seemed to prefer warmer temperatures and well-developed soils. They produced achene fruits and/or seeds with pappus appendages. Conversely, cushion plants and species with capsule fruits were less efficient as colonizers. Observed changes in traits along the elevation gradient mainly corresponded to the natural distribution of traits. Extinctions did not seem to be clearly related to any trait. Our study showed that plant traits varied along both temporal and elevational gradients. While seeds with pappus seemed to be advantageous for colonization, most of the trait changes also mirrored previous gradients of traits along elevation and hence illustrated the general upward migration of plant species. An understanding of the trait characteristics of colonizing species is crucial for predicting future changes in mountain vegetation under climate change.


Through statistical analysis on the basic situation,all countries and regions match of place,this paper makes effort to announce the competition pattern of Aerobics,presents the tendency of aerobics,and explains the change characteristic of the aerobics movement technology in the world.


CITATION: Shanyanana, R. N. & Waghid, Y. 2016. Reconceptualizing ubuntu as inclusion in African higher education : towards equalization of voice. 4(4):104–120.


The subject of the survey was to investigate e-tutor's profile in adult education projects and his/her contribution to the learning process. The objectives of the survey are, imprinting of the e-tutors' profile in Greece, e-tutor's contribution to the successful implementation of projects and registration of their training needs, as well as highlighting the relevant difficulties. The survey was conducted through interviews with e-tutors. The results show that e-tutors undertake roles and develop skills, partly similar to those of conventional tutors. Nevertheless, the technological environment in which they function makes them differentiate their traditional roles and develop new skills to cope with the demands of e-learning.


The invention relates to a cutting device and particularly relates to a cylinder intersection line cutter. The cylinder intersection line cutter comprises a rotating mechanism arranged at one end of a lathe bed and a lifting mechanism arranged at the other end of the lathe bed, wherein a telescoping mechanism is mounted on a lifting and dragging plate of the lifting mechanism through bolts; an initial positioning device is mounted at the front end of the telescoping mechanism; a plasma cutting torch is mounted on the initial positioning device; a numerical control operation table is arranged beside the lathe bed. The cutter is capable of greatly reducing the equipment cost; the manual operation is facilitated; the cutting quality of cylinders is greatly improved; the cylinder intersection line cutter is suitable for large-batch production of the cylinders.


Aim: Variation of exercise ventilation confers poor prognosis in heart failure. Sedentary men have higher exercise ventilatory variability than athletes. However, the impact of lifestyle intervention on exercise ventilatory variability in sedentary people is unknown and this is the aim of this study. Materials & methods: Prospective controlled single-blinded interventional study that randomly assigned healthy sedentary individuals to diet and exercise (intervention group, n=12) or no intervention (control group, n=12) for 12 weeks. Exercise ventilatory variability was accessed before and after intervention. Results: Despite similar values at baseline, there was a 15% reduction in respiratory rate variability (root mean square of the successive differences/n) in intervention group. Conclusion: Diet and exercise training reduced exercise ventilatory variability.


The photoluminescence study of the Er3+ ion in ErSc2N@C80 and Er2ScN@C80 fullerenes in the temperature range of 5 K to 80 K is presented. New emission peaks are observed for both fullerenes above 20 K. These peaks arise from thermally populated crystal‐field levels of the excited state. An anomalous behaviour of the PL peak area is observed with an increasing temperature which reveals an internal rearrangement of the cluster ErSc2N in ErSc2N@C80. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


In Neurospora crassa, the mitochondrial arginine biosynthetic enzymes,N-acetylglutamate kinase (AGK) andN-acetyl-γ-glutamyl-phosphate reductase (AGPR), are generated by processing of a 96-kDa cytosolic polyprotein precursor (pAGK-AGPR). The proximal kinase and distal reductase domains are separated by a short connector region. Substitutions of arginines at positions −2 and −3 upstream of the N terminus of the AGPR domain or replacement of threonine at position +3 in the mature AGPR domain revealed a second processing site at position −20. Substitution of arginine at position −22, in combination with changes at −2 and −3, prevented cleavage of the precursor and identified two proteolytic cleavage sites, Arg-Gly↓Tyr-Leu-Thr at the N terminus of the AGPR domain and Arg-Gly-Tyr↓Ser-Thr located 20 residues upstream. Inhibitors of metal-dependent peptidases blocked proteolytic cleavage at both sites. Amino acid residues required for proteolytic cleavage in the connector were identified, and processing was abolished by mutations changing these residues. The unprocessed AGK-AGPR fusion had both catalytic activities, including feedback inhibition of AGK, and complemented AGK−AGPR−mutants. These results indicate that cleavage of pAGK-AGPR is not required for functioning of these enzymes in the mitochondria.


Objective:The purpose of our study was to evaluate whether the presence of endplate sclerosis in different Modic types of lumbar spine and to assess the detecting capability of MRI for this surpose.Methods:The imaging data of lumbar spines(L3~S1)of 68 patients were retrospectively reviewed to determine Modic changes and disc degeneration on MRI and endplate sclerosis on CT.T1WI-and T2WI signal intensities on MRI and Hounsfield units(HU)on CT scan measurements of type Ⅰ and Ⅱ Modic changes were recorded.Results:Altogether 78 endplatse with changes in 35 subjects were recorded including type Ⅰ 13%,mixed type Ⅰ/Ⅱ 12%,type Ⅱ 66%,mixed type Ⅱ/Ⅲ 8%,and type Ⅲ 1%,36% endplates with Modic changes showed sclerosis on CT scans especially those of Ⅰ/Ⅱ and Ⅱ/Ⅲ mixed Modic types.Conclusion:Endplate sclerosis exists in all types of Modic changes,especially in mixed Modic types,besides that of type Ⅲ.Endplate sclerosis could not be detected on MRI probably due to the presence of inert mineral proton in the bone marrow.


We present a new model for pricing quanto CDS where the FX could be strongly dependent on the credit reference. The model assumes lognormal hazard rate and deterministic FX local volatility where the FX spot can jump at time of default of the credit reference. We present the model, the calibration algorithm, and the quanto CDS pricing.


. Constructing models of inflation and/or baryogenesis in the context of N = 1 supergravity is known to be difficult as the finite energy density during inflation typically generates large (order the Hubble scale) mass terms. This is the well-known η problem in inflation. The same effect gives masses along low energy flat directions of the scalar potential thus potentially preventing Affleck-Dine baryogenesis to occur. It has been shown that adding a chiral multiplet S coupled to the inflaton (with a shift symmetry) can serve to stabilize the inflationary potential and allows one to derive simple inflationary potentials without an η problem. Here, we show that by coupling the same stabilizing field S to the flat direction, may naturally lead to a negative mass-squared contribution to the flat direction thus generating the necessarily large vacuum expectation value needed to realize Affleck-Dine baryogenesis. We trace the evolution of the inflaton, stabilizer, and flat direction field, as well as a Polonyi-like modulus responsible for soft supersymmetry breaking.


Ultrathin polyimide fibers were prepared using the organoalkoxysilanes (3-triethoxysilylpropyl)succinic anhydride (TESP-SA) and (3-amino)propyl triethoxysilane (APTES). In the first step, a viscous solution of the corresponding poly(amic) acid (PAA) was produced and electrospun at various high voltages. The fiber diameter distributions of the as-prepared fibers were measured. The thermal imidization at 220°C resulted in the formation of an organic–inorganic hybrid polyimide fiber assembly as shown by FTIR/ATR. Surface morphology was investigated by means of SEM images. TGA measurements made evident that the prepared fibers begin to decompose at 380°C. XRPD pattern of the fibers revealed that a certain ladder-like order exists in the fibers. The water vapor absorption of the thermally (220°C) treated ultrathin polyimide fibers was evaluated. The fiber assemblies treated at 110°C were water soluble, whereas those treated at 220°C were insoluble in water and organic solvents. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013


AbstractIn this thesis, a measurement system was set to perform comprehensive measurements on RF power amplifiers. Data obtained from the measurements is then processed mathematically to obtain thr ...


Bacteria can enter a protective state known as the stringent response when faced with unfavourable or stressful environmental conditions. This state is characteristically associated with decreased rates of protein synthesis and the up-regulation of amino acid biosynthesis pathways but it affects a wide range of other physiological processes and responses in the cell. Namely, previous studies have shown that cells undergoing stringent response become partially resistant to β-lactam antibiotics, but the mechanism of this resistance has not been characterized. This study aimed to investigate whether the observed antibiotic resistance may in fact involve bacterial β-lactamase production, the most widespread mechanism contributing to β-lactam resistance. We report that one βlactamase inhibitor, clavulanic acid, was not helpful in reversing ampicillin resistance under stringent response. However, since clavulanic acid is not active against all types of bacterial β-lactamases, we cannot conclude with certainty whether or not these enzymes play a role in stringent response-induced ampicillin resistance. ________________________________________________________________