Cardiovascular disease is the principal cause of death in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, while hyperglycemia is the major risk factor for microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes, lowering hemoglobin A1c has only modest effects on reducing cardiovascular disease risk and mortality. The EMPA-REG OUTCOME (Empagliflozin, Cardiovascular Outcomes, and Mortality in Type 2 Diabetes) trial was a breakthrough for clinical trials in diabetes with the demonstration of cardiovascular protection from empagliflozin – a member of the sodium–glucose cotransporter (SGLT)-2 inhibitor class [1]. Empagliflozin reduced the primary major adverse cardiac event (MACE) endpoint (cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke) by 14%. This beneficial effect was driven by a 38% reduction in cardiovascular mortality with no significant decrease in nonfatal myocardial infarction or stroke. Empagliflozin reduced hospitalization for heart failure by 35% without affecting hospitalization for unstable angina.


This research aims to examine whether corporate social responsibility (CSR) and corporate governance (CG) attract foreign investors as key indicators of a firm's sustainability. By adopting both stakeholder theory and legitimacy theory, it is assumed that a firm could build trustworthiness and legitimacy with its stakeholders by enhancing its environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance. Using a sample of 110 firms from the Saudi stock market from different industries, this study employs both OLS and System-GMM estimation to test the effect of both ESG performance and CG on foreign investment in Saudi Arabia. The findings indicate that ESG performance positively affects foreign investment. Additionally, it is found that the corporate governance score has a greater effect than social and environmental scores. These empirical findings suggest that companies in Saudi Arabia should adopt global schemes to improve ESG performance to maximize the share of foreign investment, thus boosting the country's economy and increasing the level of competitive advantages and sustainability.


Antonio's Devils: Writers of the Jewish Enlightenment and the Birth of Modern Hebrew and Yiddish Literature, by Jeremy Dauber. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2004. 354 pp. $60.00. All too often, literature and literary questions are addressed solely from their own narrow and self-contained disciplinary confines. Reacting, perhaps, to the scholarly predilections of earlier generations, wherein literature was often pressed into the service of the history of ideas, contemporary scholars have generally insisted upon detaching the study of literature from all matters historical. One of the many significant contributions of Jeremy Dauber's Antonio's Devils is the fact that he sets aside such scholarly inclinations and produces a book that is a wonderfully enriching exploration of literary texts, as well as a suggestive and intelligent foray in the field of intellectual history. Dauber's subject is the literature of the Haskalah, the Jewish Enlightenment, which flourished first in Prussia through the second half of the eighteenth century, and then a few decades later in Galicia. Dauber's key to understanding the Haskalah and its variegated literatures and languages-literature written in German, Hebrew, and Yiddish-is the use of textual allusion, that is, all manner of explicit and implicit allusion to earlier biblical and rabbinic canons. Given the long tradition of allusiveness in Jewish literature, from intrabiblical references to the poetry and prose of medieval scholars, the focus on textual allusion is a particularly useful tool, one that beautifully captures the complex lines of historical-cultural continuity even as they are fraught with far-reaching discontinuities. In Dauber's skilled hands and expertly trained eyes, an appreciation of textual allusion not only highlights the rich tapestry of Maskilic literature, but also deepens our understanding of the historical context that spawns modern Jewish literature, and beyond that, the very tensions and challenges that shaped the Jewish encounter with modernity. Dauber begins his book in a somewhat daring fashion with a chapter-long analysis of the passage of Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice, in which Shylock alludes to a section of Genesis, triggering Antonio's famous quip that "the devil can cite Scripture for his purpose." Dauber's intent, of course, is to "illuminate a certain methodological approach," one that refers "both to the literary contexts of the allusive material and the historical and social factors that shaped the ways in which that material was employed" (p. …


An L-slot square patch antenna that operates at 915 MHz for a hyperthermia application is the subject of modeling experiments in this research study. In a multi-layered phantom, the simulated reflection coefficient and specific absorption rate (SAR) are investigated. The proposed antenna is 93.75x93.75x1.6 mm3 in size. At various penetration depths, the SAR is obtained for the x-axis variation inside the phantoms.


The performance of magnetorheological (MR) elastomers can be controlled by an applied field, so we can design intelligent isolators with adjustable and controllable parameters. All isolators more or less suffer from creep deformation, and the intensity will directly affect the service life of the equipment to be isolated. In this paper, NDI polyurethane-based MR elastomers were prepared and their creep properties were tested. The results show that as the filling mass fraction of carbonyl iron powder was increasing, the creep intensity in MR elastomers was first increased and then reduced; when the mass fraction was 70%, the creep intensity was less than that of the base material. Therefore, the creep property of MR elastomers can be improved by designing an appropriate content of carbonyl iron powder according to use requirement.


Despite nine years of compulsory reporting, the sector is still in the dark about the prevalence of assaults in aged care and the outcomes of notifications to the police, Linda Belardi reports.


The characteristic cognition of Tibetan national problem breeds the special nationality policy. Tibetan and Chinese people have the different Identities. They are historically constructed realities. Tibetan people have had regarded Tibetan Plateau as their home since 7th century. And They have seen themself buddhist. Tibetan people conceived the modern national consciousness on that foundation. According to their vision, they raised their voice like march 2008. Han Chinese leaders, for example, Liang QiQiao thought out the One China concept at first half of 20th Century. The One China concept consist of two part, namely One Nation and One State. Most of the Tibetan people disagreed that concept or didn't know that. So, Republican China government couldn't set lip the Province, and Communist China government didn't set up it, but do Tibet Autonomous Region(TAR). TAR system is the representative solution to the Tibetan National Problem at present.


Newspaper clipping of a Dallas Times Herald article about the transfer of public lewdness cases away from County Judge Chuck Miller.


Child-rearing promoting sexual abstinence has strongly predicted sexual abstinence in Thai female adolescents, and it requires a valid and reliable measurement. However, no such instrument exists. This study aimed to develop a child-rearing promotion of sexual abstinence scale (CPSAS) and assess its validity and reliability., The scale development consisted of two phases; scale construction and psychometric testing. Phase I included item generation extracted from a literature review and existing measurements. Items were reviewed by five-panel experts and were then selected by considering an inter-item correlation, corrected item-total correlation, factor loading and communality value from the exploratory factor analysis (n = 299). Phase II involved confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) for construct validity and scale reliability (n = 300)., The CPSAS, first, contained 25 items with four dimensions; assuring daughter to recognize parental love, teaching daughter sexual abstinence, convincing daughter to recognize parent's expectations of sexual abstinence and encouraging daughter sexual abstinence. Two items were then deleted after the experts reviewed, and six items were removed after item analysis. The CPSAS finally contained 17 items with a 4-point Likert scale. Psychometric testing provided acceptable results. CFA reported the fit indices; χ2 = 98.06 p = 0.083, df = 80, χ2/df ratio = 1.220, CFI = 0.996, TLI = 0.992, RMSEA = 0.027 and SRMR = 0.030. The standardized factor loadings were 0.499 to 0.908 (p < 0.05). The S-CVI was 0.96, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.93., The CPSAS is a reliable and valid instrument for evaluating child-rearing promoting sexual abstinence in Thai female adolescents.


Justice Kennedy's Obergefell opinion, which held that same sex marriage is a fundamental right under the Constitution's due process clause, reasoned that the principles of substantive due process may evolve because of changing societal views of what constitutes "liberty" under the clause, and that judges may recognize new liberty rights in light of their "reasoned judgment." In Juliana v. United States, Judge Aiken used her "reasoned judgment" to conclude that evolving principles of substantive due process in the Obergefell decision allowed the court to find that the plaintiffs were entitled to a liberty right to a stable climate system capable of sustaining human life, and, furthermore, that these same evolving principles of substantive due process led the court to interpret the public trust doctrine to now include a similar right to a sustainable climate system. Relying on Chief Justice Robert's dissenting opinion in Obergefell and a decision by Judge Sutton of the Sixth Circuit, one may criticize the Juliana decision for giving judges too much discretion to invent new due process rights and usurp the role of the legislature. More appropriately, Judge William Alsup of the U.S. District Court of the Northern District of


Young people's educational trajectories are always provisional. This article considers young people's perspectives about enablers and barriers to continued education, and questions models of aspiration-raising that prioritise particular trajectories and are critical when young people
 cannot engage. Participatory methods enabled 30 young people aged 12-24 from disadvantaged areas in northwest England to imagine steps towards future possible selves. Through collaborative story-making with researchers, they established that inter-generational relationships are important to
 these journeys, especially support from adults who believed in their capabilities and encouraged young people's influence over decisions for change.


Graph Database Management Systems brought data model abstractions closer to how humans are used to handle knowledge – i.e., driven by inferences across complex relationship networks rather than by encapsulating tuples under rigid schemata. Another discipline that commonly employs graph-like structures is diagrammatic Conceptual Modeling, where intuitive, graphical means of explicating knowledge are systematically studied and formalized. Considering the common ground of graph databases, the paper proposes an integration of OWL ontologies with diagrammatic representations as enabled by the ADOxx metamodeling platform. The proposal is based on the RDF-semantics variant of OWL and leads to a particular type of hybrid knowledge bases hosted, for proof-of-concept purposes, by the GraphDB system due to its inferencing capabilities. The approach aims for complementarity and integration, providing agile diagrammatic means of creating semantic networks that are amenable to ontology-based reasoning.


Anaplasma marginale infects mature red blood cells in cattle, causing severe economic losses primarily in the tropical and subtropical regions. The disease control, in addition to require an effective vaccine, need sensitive and specific diagnostic methods to detect the prevalence of the microorganism in different regions, in addition to identifying the carrier animals for the international movement of cattle to free areas. In this paper the kinetics of growth of recombinant clone and the expression of the protein in laboratory conditions were studied. Also, the conditions of solubilization and purification of recombinant protein HMSP5 were provided. The procedure for purifying the protein yielded 95% purity and a yield of 41 mg of protein per litre of culture. From these results new strategies for using the HMSP5 recombinant protein, of Havana isolate for the detection of Anaplasma marginale in carriers animals remain open, to support vaccination programs with the vaccine against Boophilus microplus (Gavac) in different regions of Latin America.


Neural networks are becoming increasingly utilized in a range of real-world applications, often involving privacy-sensitive or safety-critical tasks like medical image analysis or autonomous driving. Despite their usefulness, designing and training neural networks (NNs) can be costly, both in terms of financial and energy expenses [4]. Gathering and labeling training data, actual training, and fine-tuning require considerable resources. The network models themselves are also considered confidential intellectual property (IP). Additionally, the carbon footprint of model training and development has a significant impact on the environment [5].


In this paper, we present and compare different methods for computing the likelihood function and its gradient. We consider nonlinear continuous-discrete models described by a system of stochastic differential equations (SDEs) with discrete-time measurements. The problem of maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) is formulated as a nonlinear program (NLP) and it is solved numerically using a gradient-based single shooting algorithm. The estimates of the mean and its covariance are computed using a continuous-discrete extended Kalman filter (CDEKF). We derive analytical expressions for the gradient of the likelihood function. We discuss some aspects of the implementation of MLE for non-stiff systems. In particular, we present an efficient way of computing the state covariance matrix and its gradient using explicit Runge-Kutta schemes. We verify our implementation using a numerical example related to type 1 diabetes and demonstrate how to apply it for nonlinear parameter estimation.


On other campuses, the actors involved may be different: perhaps student government will be more active than student athletes; perhaps there is no office of community engagement (or equivalent) but faculty can connect with colleagues who incorporate community-engaged learning; or perhaps there is little support to integrate voter education into key components of the general-education curriculum.However, faculty can begin to incorporate civic engagement into their own courses when applicable. Whatever the case may be, we hope that our examples demonstrate the necessity of being involved on campus to promote voter-mobilization efforts and that these examples can be adapted to any campus context.▪


Abstract Residues of pesticides and harvest aid chemicals (defoliants) were studied in the products of ginning of cotton. Particular emphasis was on residue partitioning during the mechanical separation of cotton gin waste into its clean (primarily lint) and fines (primarily dirt and plant parts) fractions following rotating screen separation. The higher residues were associated with the fines fraction among the two chemicals (DEF and dicofol) studied in this regard. The behaviour of residues of five chemicals was studied during aerobic and semi‐anaerobic Composting of both whole gin waste and the fines fraction. Propargite, methidathion, and chlorate residues declined significantly during both composting treatments while DEF and paraquat were stable to composting, when composted gin wastes were amended to field soil, residue levels were generally very low to undetectable in the soil, indicating little potential hazard for a composting‐amendment operation. Analysis of air samples indicated that only the s...


The presentation is a joint effort of tl1e Host Systems Research and Development Division and the Documentation Development Department and describes the combined effort of host developers, the publications group, and the technical support group at SAS Institute to produce host-specific documentation and information resources that meet customer needs. This discussion shows the user how to maximize the utility and versatility of Version 6 of the SAS" System product by identifying where specific types of information are located with particular emphasis on host-specific documentation. The paper illustrates how the information interface and SAS software reflect the uniqueness of individual operating systems, while preserving the continuity of the SAS System across host environ~ ments.


The debate on the neural correlates of visual consciousness often focuses on the question of which additional processing has to happen for a visual representation to enter consciousness. However, a related question that has only rarely been addressed is which brain regions directly encode specific contents of consciousness. The search for these core neural correlates of contents of consciousness (NCCCs) requires establishing a mapping between sensory experiences and population measures of brain activity in specific brain regions. One approach for establishing this mapping is multivariate decoding. Using this technique, several properties of NCCCs have been investigated. Masking studies have revealed that information about sensory stimuli can be decoded from the primary visual cortex, even if the stimuli cannot be consciously identified by a subject. This suggests that information that does not reach awareness can be encapsulated in early visual stages of processing. Visual imagery representations and veridical perception share similar neural representations in higher-level visual regions, suggesting that these regions are directly related to the encoding of conscious visual experience. But population signals in these higher-level visual regions cannot be the sole carriers of visual experiences because they are invariant to low-level visual features. We found no evidence for increased encoding of sensory information in the prefrontal cortex when a stimulus reaches awareness. In general, we found no role of the prefrontal cortex in encoding sensory experiences at all. However, the improved discrimination of sensory information during perceptual learning could be explained by an improved read-out by the prefrontal cortex. One possible implication is that prefrontal cortical regions do not participate in the encoding of sensory features per se. Instead they may be relevant in making decisions about sensory features, without exhibiting a re-representation of sensory information.


a. Overview of 8051 micro controller architecture Q1. How Harvard architecture is implemented in 8051 Q2. List the features of 8051 Q3. What are the alternate functions of Port 3, port 2, and Port 0 Q4. List all SRF's Q5. How do you differentiate between SFR bits and internal memory bits? Q6. What are the advantages of register banks? Q7. What is the maximum program memory and data memory can be interfaced externally Q8. List all interrupt vectors. b. Overview of 8096 micro controller architecture Q1. What is RALU architecture in 8096? Q2. List all the features of 8096 Q3. What is reset location of 8096? Q4. Explain HSI and HSO in 8096 Q5. How DAC is realized using PWM output of 8096 Q6. Explain three operands instruction in 8096 Q7. Explain watch dog timer in 8096 Q8. Explain ADC in 8096 Q9. What is the maximum baud rate possible in 8096? Q10. Bring out the differences between T1 and T2 timers in 8096.


A class of ionic liquids with a built-in active ketone functionality is shown to form adducts with structurally diverse alcohols. The positions of the equilibria for adduct formation are shown to be dependent on the structure of the alcohols. How these functionalised ionic liquids could be applied in altering vapour phase compositions of alcohols and in separations of perfumery alcohols are demonstrated, here.


Choice of ADPCM's step-size updating factors M had a sea capacity of computing which optimizes multi-variables with complex cost function. The MEA's similartaxis operator was come into by the clone mind evolution algorithm (CMEA), which introduced the clone operator to leave the strong component of the weak individuals to next iterativeness. A novel clone crossover scheme was provided based on N-coding which was used to optimize ADPCM's 8 step-size updating factors with complex cost function. The experiment result showed that the CMEA's SNR was aver-agely reformed about 1.03dB every generation in previous 5 iterativeness, which was exceed MEA's by 0.4dB and over-ran the MEA's from fifth generation. Furthermore, the MEA's quantity of computing is equal to CMEA's by 1.67 and the latter is of anti-prematurity.


This article presents results from an exploratory study into developing pattern awareness with children aged 3 to 5, following the work of Mulligan and Mitchelmore (2009) on Awareness of Mathematical Pattern and Structure (AMPS). When the children copied a 6-dot triangular pattern, we similarly found diverse responses, which we analysed using the AMPS levels and then Biggs and Collis' SOLO taxonomy. The latter approach revealed that children responded to up to 5 elements in the pattern. This approach allowed us to identify positively the beginning stages of structural understanding, when children recognised 1 or 2 elements of the pattern. It also emphasised the challenge that the apparently simple task of copying an image can present to young children.


The effectiveness of calcium oxide in the removal of carbonyl sulfide from coal gas is estimated by thermochemical computations. It is assumed that the gas phase composition is determined by the equilibria of the reactions of water vapour with calcium sulfide and carbonyl sulfide and by the water-gas-shift reaction. The proposed relationships can be employed in engineering considerations and calculations.


The influence of radiation wavelength on the shape of laser excited elastic pulses is investigated to explain the mechanism underlying the optical generation of sound. The experimental setup is described, and the calculated values are shown to agree well with the experimental findings. The wavelength of the laser radiation is found to have a strong influence on the shape of the electric pulses, which must be taken into account in investigations of the optical generation of plastic waves.


A simple method to overcome convergence problems in Brillouin zone summations of lattice dynamical properties is proposed, which makes use of evenly spread sample points and gives a special treatment to points close to the Brillouin zone origin.


This article describes research dilemmas recorded and analyzed while I studied school leaders for social justice. Data consist of (1) my observations, reflections, and memos from interviews with school leaders and social justice experts (as dissertation research), (2) my observations from national and international research conferences, and (3) observations from my practice of school leadership. These data challenged and disrupted my Marxist perspective because they revealed evolving and conflicting definitions and understandings of social justice in the scholarly lexicon and in practitioner discourse and action. As a result, Deweyan thought provided an analytical and interpretive frame with which to consider alternative interpretations of the data. As a methodological reflection, this article describes the limits of a monolithic theoretical orientation in research and practice; it then advocates for examining centers of familiarity with competing notions to improve the ethical and pragmatic outcomes of school eadership for social justice.


Background: TNF-α-induced NF-κB pathway is associated with the progression of several cancers and abrogation of TNF signaling a potential target for cancer treatment. Results: Novel biscoumarin inhibits TNF signaling in vitro and in vivo in IBD model. Conclusion: The lead compound interrupts the trimeric structure of TNF to achieve this effect. Significance: This study introduces a novel TNF inhibitor with the potential to target pro-inflammatory diseases. TNF is a pleotropic cytokine known to be involved in the progression of several pro-inflammatory disorders. Many therapeutic agents have been designed to counteract the effect of TNF in rheumatoid arthritis as well as a number of cancers. In the present study we have synthesized and evaluated the anti-cancer activity of novel biscoumarins in vitro and in vivo. Among new compounds, BIHC was found to be the most cytotoxic agent against the HepG2 cell line while exhibiting less toxicity toward normal hepatocytes. Furthermore, BIHC inhibited the proliferation of various hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Subsequently, using in silico target prediction, BIHC was predicted as a TNF blocker. Experimental validation was able to confirm this hypothesis, where BIHC could significantly inhibit the recombinant mouse TNF-α binding to its antibody with an IC50 of 16.5 μm. Furthermore, in silico docking suggested a binding mode of BIHC similar to a ligand known to disrupt the native, trimeric structure of TNF, and also validated with molecular dynamics simulations. Moreover, we have demonstrated the down-regulation of p65 phosphorylation and other NF-κB-regulated gene products upon BIHC treatment, and on the phenotypic level the compound shows inhibition of CXCL12-induced invasion of HepG2 cells. Also, we demonstrate that BIHC inhibits infiltration of macrophages to the peritoneal cavity and suppresses the activity of TNF-α in vivo in mice primed with thioglycollate broth and lipopolysaccharide. We comprehensively validated the TNF-α inhibitory efficacy of BIHC in an inflammatory bowel disease mice model.


Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is usually developed after infection, metastatic cancer or complicated pregnancy. We experienced a case of infertile woman with adenomyosis, who had not been predisposed any common risk factors but had acute DIC during menstruation after controlled ovarian stimulation. The patient received anticoagulation therapy with supplementation of coagulation factors, followed by surgical removal of uterus 3 months later. We assumed that DIC resulted from rapidly aggravated lesion during controlled ovarian stimulation and massive intramuscular hemorrhage during menstruation. So, we report the case with brief review of literatures.


In § 116 of Achenwall/Pütter Elementa Iuris Naturae the following possibilities of conflicts of duties are listed: "There can be a conflict 1. of prohibiting laws with each other, 2. of prescribing laws with each other, 3. of prescribing laws with prohibiting laws." It will be examined in this article, whether the three theses can be made plausible by examples, and especially, whether thesis No. 1 is convincing in relation to the idea that perfect duties (or prohibiting laws) cannot come into conflict with each other. Furthermore the thesis of Immanuel Kant in his Metaphysics of Morals will be discussed, that there is no conflict of duties at all, but only a "contradiction of reasons of bindingness". Finally, the argument of Achenwall/Pütter, that the well known duty "bring yourself to perfection!" (Latin: "perfice te!") may come into conflict with duties in respect to others, and that an argument for a right to act against others in cases of necessity can be given in this context (cf. Achenwall/Pütter, §§ 118, 205, 296).


Based on the analysis of several methods of storing OWL object in relational database, this paper presents a new method, namely storing the instances of each kind of object and attribute in a database table, and using views in the database to express relationships among the objects. Experiments prove that this method is applicable for moderate amount of storage of OWL objects.


BACKGROUND: This project addressed an unresolved issue involving measurement methods for determining step uniformity. Leading experts on stairway safety agree that lack of step uniformity within a flight contributes to risk of missteps. A relatively new method for precisely measuring step dimensions is the nosing-to-nosing method. An issue in applying the method is lack of agreement on the lateral location to make the measurements. That location depends on where stairway users ascend and descend relative to the width of the steps. A prior investigator examined people descending to determine the lateral distance between the handrail center and the mid-line of the person's body. He found the median was 44 cm. AIM: The two objectives of the experiment were to: (1) determine if a different set of stairway users will have the same median lateral distance from the handrail as those described in the prior observational study, and (2) determine if the lateral distance of participants is affected by their direction of travel and use of a handrail. METHODS: The investigators established visible distance markers on one stairway in a campus building and videotaped volunteer students ascending and descending the flight of stairs. Each of the 16 participant ascended with and without using the handrail, and each descended with and without using the handrail. Images were printed and analyzed to determine their lateral distance between the inner edge of the handrail and a point midway between the participant's knees. Results were analyzed statistically to test hypotheses corresponding to the two objectives. RESULTS: The previous study found a median lateral distance of 44 cm when measured from the center of the handrail. Using comparable data, the median found in this study was 25 cm. Results of this study indicated that lateral distance from the handrail is significantly affected by the direction of travel and by use of the handrail. The greatest lateral distance was for ascending with the handrail. The shortest lateral distance was for descending without the handrail. VALUE: Committees develop and periodically revise standards for stairways leading to fire exits and workplace facilities. The practical value of this project is providing empirical evidence that standard developing committees may consider when convening to update their requirements and guidelines on how to measure step uniformity.


1. Getting Started: Building an Environment of Positive Support. 2. My Strengths. 3. Who Am I? 4. Accepting My Body. 5. Where Am I Going? 6. The Language of Self. 7. Relationships With Others. 8. In Closing. 9. Annotated Bibliography of Available Sources.


Objective: To explore the perception of Saudi society about living kidney donation and to identify the trends towards the donation of a kidney.
Methodology: This Quantitative cross-sessional community-based survey was carried-out from January to February 2020 among the Saudi population and included both natives and residents. We used convenience sampling technique. Perception about living kidney donation questionnaire was developed which included questions about knowledge regarding living kidney donation.
Results: Out of 1295 participants, 567 (43.8%) were males and 728 (56.2%) females. The overall mean score of the public`s perception about living kidney donation was moderate (mean=5.90±1.18). There was a statistical difference (F=3.44, p<0.05) between age groups toward perception regarding living kidney donation, as older and female patients have a better perception of kidney donation than young adults and men. The trends of the Saudi community about kidney donation were moderate; most participants agreed to donate a kidney for humanitarian and religious purposes. Participants were aware that living kidney donation improves the quality of life of the recipient.
Conclusion: Greater awareness about the center responsible for the organ transplantation can help willing donors to consent to future donation.


A simulation model of one-dimensional (1-D) ultrasound propagation in blood was used to study the relation between the backscattenng coefficient and hematocnt. h this model, an ultrasonic plane wave is propagated normal to randoml y placed slabs of constant thickness whose acoustical properties are the same as red blood cells and plasma, and the corresponding intensity reflection coefficient was calculated. The simulation results were compared to a mode1 based on the Percus-Yevick (P-Y) theory as presented in the literahire. Previous investigators have reported a close agreement over a limited range of simulation parameters between their results and the P-Y theory. However, a more carefbl investigation using a wider range of parameters revealed major discrepancies. It was shown that these arose fiom an inappropriate choice of boundary conditions. Averaging the acoustic properties beyond the boundaries of the simulation, as suggested by earlier theoretical work, resulted in an excellent agreement with the P-Y theory over a wide range of simulation parameters.


The T(z) phase diagram of the system CuIn(SezTe1−z)2 is obtained from X-ray diffraction and differential thermal analysis (DTA) measurements.DTA measurements are carried out on each sample and the transition temperatures are plotted as a function of alloy composition. Values of lattice parameter are determined in all the cases. Values of the optical energy gap at 300 and 70 L are obtained from optical absorbtion measurements.

Mittels Rontgenbeugungsemssungen und Differentialthermoanalyse (DTA) WIRD DAS T (z)-Phasendiagramm des systems CuIn(SezTe1−z)2 erhalten. DTA-Messungen Werden an Jeder probe durchgefuhrt, und die Ubergangstemperatur wird als Funktion der Legierungszusammensetzung afgetragen. In allen Fallen werden die Werte der Gitterparameter bestimmt. Die Werte der optischen Energislucke bei 300 K und 70 K werden aus optischen Absorptonsmessungen bestimt.


You have listened to a discussion on the various phases of kidney diseases, and in the few miniutes at my disposal I propose to direct your attention to the invaluable information derived from the laboratory tests, which have special reference to the chemical analysis of the blood for retention products; tests which, if not now possible everywhere, are rapidly becoming available to all, and which I believe are essenltial to a practical knowledge of kidney disease. This is evidenced by the increasing attention given them in current medical literature. I need say little here regarding the ordilnary rouitine urinalysis. Its value is known to all. There is just one note of warning, which should be sounded. Albumen and casts are evidence of actual kidney disease but not of kidney function; and one has seen cases in which there was. practically no albumen, and casts were found only with great difficulty, and yet coma followed by death was the early ouitcome. We have, however, a very good means of estimating kidney function and that is by repeated estimations of the specific gravity. The simplest and best routine is that of the 24 hour test, in which the patient on ordinary diet with no fluid intake between mneals, collects samples of urine every two hours during the day and a twelve hour specimen at night. The specific gravity should show a variation of at least 9 points, and the night specimen should


Three misrepresentations of informal and formal logic by two feminist writers are discussed. Andrea Nye's criticism that the semantics for formal logic abstracts from context is a misrepresentation of formal logic because Nye ignores the development of intensional logics. Second, Nye's criticism that informaIlogicians ignore the origins of arguments is a misrepresentation of fallacy theory. Prominent writers in the field specifiy numerous cases where the origins of an argument are relevant to its evaluation. Third, Valerie Plumwood's criticism that negation in classical logic rests on an exclusivistic dualism that encourages the exclusion of women is shown to be false.


The objectives of the CardioSense3D project are threefold : 1. To build a cardiac simulator, with identifiable parameters, that couples 4 different physiological phenomena: electrophysiol-ogy, mechanical contraction and relaxation, myocardium perfu-sion and cardiac metabolism, 2. To build data assimilation software that can estimate patient specific parameters and state variables from given observations of the cardiac activity, 3. To build several application softwares based on this simu-lator and data assimilation techniques to solve clinical problems related to the diagnosis or therapy of cardiac pathologies. in order to : • significantly improve medical practice in terms of better prevention , diagnosis, quantitative follow-up, simulation and guidance of therapy, • support biomedical research in the preparation and evaluation of new diagnostic and therapeutic tools, • advance the fundamental knowledge of the integrative physiology of the heart.


How did rights become something that people are fighting for, and are willing to die for, in the international arena? This article seeks to answer this question through the lens of social constructivism, by exploring the constitutive impact of intersubjective ideas and norms— concepts of rights—on the social construction of wars. By doing so the article challenges realists' main focus on `Power' in interpreting human conflict, as well as the English School's writing on war and the use of force which is preoccupied with articulating normative theories rather than treating `normative structures' as scientific analytical tools in order to explain why and how norms (of a Hobbesian nature included) matter. To illustrate the theoretical claim, the article examines two distinct historical epochs: the medieval epoch, characterized by conceptions of divine rights and by institutionalized practices of crusade, and the late twentieth century, which witnessed the rise and institutionalization of human rights as an international norm along with the emergence of a new practice of humanitarian wars.


The title compound, (C10H9N2)4[Mo8O26]·C10H8N2·1.5H2O or [4,4′-Hbipy]4[Mo8O26]·4,4′-bipy·1.5H2O (4,4′-bipy is 4,4′-bipyridine), has been prepared under hydrothermal conditions. The anions are held together in an extended one-dimensional chain via O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and the 4,4′-bipyridine groups are packed together through π–π stacking interactions. Through these hydrogen-bond contacts and π–π interactions, an extended three-dimensional supramolecular architecture is formed.


The study of reproductive system is a vital component in reproductive biology of marine species.In order to better understand the reproductive biology of cephalopod,the research progress on histological structure of reproductive system in cephalopod has been summarized in this study,and the histological structure and function of the reproductive system of cephalopod are reviewed systematically.In general,the system in both males and females consists of a gonad(testis and ovary),one or two separate gonoducts and a complex of accessory glands or reproductive sac.The male's accessory glands are complex but the basic composed unit is the same,which are responsible for the production of spermatophores.However,the female's accessory glands are relatively simple but the basic composed unit is not the same for different species,which plays the function on forming of egg coats.However,the mechanism of gonad communicating with the gonaducts and the way with which the gemmates shed into the gonaducts remain unclear if we only use the methodology of anatomy and histology,and so does the effect of changing habitat environment on the reproductive system.The peculiarities of allometric growth of different parts of the spermatophoric organ and the mechanism of waste generating in the spermatophoric organ are also unclear.Therefore,the methodology of the developmental biology,cellular biochemistry,endocrinology and evolutionary ecology should be explored in the research on the reproductive biology of cephalopod in future.


The relation of morphometric attributes with body weight for Marsupenaeus japonicus was analyzed.340 M.japonicus were sampled in the Beibu Gulf,the South China Sea.Ten attributes:body length,carapace length,carapace height,carapace width,first segment height,first segment width,third segment height,number of upper frontal eminence spine,number of lower frontal eminence spine,and body weight were measured.The morphometric attributes were used as independent variables,and body weight was used as a dependent variable.The results showed that relation among seven correlation coefficients(body length,carapace length,carapace width,carapace height,first segment width,third segment height,and number of upper frontal eminence spine) to the weight are very significant(P0.01).Among the seven attributes above,carapace width weighted the most(0.352),carapace length,body length,first segment width,third segment height and carapace height are obviously related to the body weight.However,the number of upper frontal eminence spine showed a negative correlation to body weight.In terms of relation of each single attribute to body weight,carapace width was the strongest,12.39%,followed by carapace length,and the number of upper frontal eminence spine was the weakest.In terms of codetermining coefficient,the largest one,11.54%,was between carapace width and carapace length.The regression equations of the seven correlation coefficients to body weight were established,which could provide a measurement tool in M.japonicus aquaculture.


This article discusses the results of a survey of librarians who hold a subject master's degree in addition to the MLS, and determine the potential advantages to those earning such degrees, and career advancement . Information was also gathered on salary, job satisfaction, and other variables to provide alternative indicators of value to that of career advancement.


Academic counseling is a collaborative process that addresses the needs, problems, and interests of higher education students. The objective of the study was to investigate perceived problems and academic counseling benefits for students and teachers at Madda Walabu University in Ethiopia. Cross-sectional research design using quantitative methods was applied. The study selected 605 students as participants using a multi-stage sampling method. Results showed that nearly half of the students (49.9%) reported that they could benefit from academic counseling services. According to them, educational counseling improves anxiety management (66.3%), educational goal setting (69.4%) and time management (66.6%). Moreover, academic counseling turned out to be predictive for students' academic success. However, the strength of the relationship also depended on the students' socio-demographic factors. This study indicated that more than half of Madda Walabu University students had problems related to managing their time. Additionally, the students believed that academic counseling would benefit students and teachers in enhancing interpersonal relationships, improving study skills, goal setting, and understanding and managing diversity. The Ethiopian Ministry of Education and Madda Walabu University administrators, need to understand the significance of academic counseling for students' academic performance. They should introduce a necessary intervention strategy that ensures students' academic success.


Working inter-culturally as a psychoanalytically informed psychotherapist in contemporary South Africa can be a challenging endeavor. The country still carries within it the livid psychological wounds of its Apartheid and colonial past. This pernicious legacy is often powerfully felt in inter-cultural therapeutic dyads. Therapist and patient come together with productive psychotherapeutic work as the aim; however the spectre of the country's history often presents as 'haunting' third - a socio-cultural 'ghost in the nursery' (Fraiberg, Adelsohn & Shapiro, 1975), or an anti-analytic third subtly contaminating the transference-countertransference (Straker, 2006). Through its engagement with the case presented, this paper hopes to assist clinicians doing inter-cultural work in the S.A. context. This material comes from my work with a female Zulu patient who had suffered both developmental and later traumas of her own and, in addition, inter-generational traumatic transmission from parental generations. The defensive manifestations of these traumas and our socio-cultural embeddedness suffused the transference-countertransference. As a new therapist I did not fully apprehend the machinations of the insidious pre-given third of our transference-countertransference, further exacerbating the situation leading to therapeutic impasse. During this time the patient sent me a letter, communicating that which had been unspeakable in the room. This powerful letter acted as an enabling symbolic third, allowing for renewed, more authentic therapeutic engagement.


Progressive cognitive dysfunction is a central characteristic of diabetic encephalopathy (DE). With an aging population, the incidence of DE is rising and it has become a major threat that seriously affects public health. Studies within this decade have indicated the important role of risk factors such as oxidative stress and inflammation on the development of cognitive impairment. With the recognition of the two-way communication between gut and brain, recent investigation suggests that "microbiota-gut-brain axis" also plays a pivotal role in modulating both cognition function and endocrine stability. This review aims to systemically elucidate the underlying impact of diabetes on cognitive impairment.


A linewidth measurement system has been developed which incorporates a coherent laser microspot with a piezo flexure-pivot translational stage. A line is scanned beneath the microspot and reflected energy collected with an on axis geometry normal to the wafer. Position versus reflectance data are presented for lines patterned in thick and thin oxide films on I.e. wafers.


The invention relates to an image data defogging method based histogram equalization. The method includes the steps of: 1) obtaining RGB data of an image to be processed, and separating to obtain three channels of R, G and B; 2) making statistics of histogram information of the three channels of R, G and B; 3) performing histogram equalization on the three channels of R, G and B; and 4) loading the equalized histogram information of the three channels of R, G and B to RGB image data, converting the RGB image data into image data in an original format, and outputting a defogged image. The image data defogging method provided by the invention is based on histogram equalization, and the method is simple in overall steps and is easy to realize. The corresponding amount of programs of the method is small, execution efficiency is high, and even on an intelligent mobile terminal device with relatively low arithmetic speed and a device with low end configurations, the method can be used very smoothly.


In this study, we give an improvement to the Backward Differentiation Formula (BDF). We use a formula for the differences that permits us to determine the new coefficients i α ˆ and i γˆ in function of the classical coefficients i α and i γ of this method. Our proposed approach decreases the error and the cost of computation. Numerical results for concrete problems are given to support the theory.


In this study, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) zirconium(IV) monothiophosphate composite cation exchanger was prepared by sol–gel precipitation method. The presence of sulphur in the cation exchanger enhances affinity towards the heavy metal ions which can improve the selectivity of the material. The selectivity studies showed that the material is selective towards Pb(II) ions. To characterise the material, several physicochemical properties were also studied which includes X-ray, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy studies. The ion-exchange behaviour of this cation exchanger was studied by using some of the selected properties like ion-exhange capacity for various metal ions, elution, effect of eluent concentration, thermal effect on ion-exchange capacity (IEC). The results of IEC and physicochemical properties revealed that the material is nanocomposite, crystalline, chemically, mechanically and thermally stable. The analytical ability of this cation exchanger was demonstrated in binary separation of Pb(II) ions from a mixture of other metal ions. The recovery is qualitative and the separations are reproducible.


Influence of water-cement ratio on strength and chloride ion permeability of concrete is studied in this paper.The results show that strength decreased significantly,electric flux increased when water-cement ratio increased.When water-cement ratio increased from 0.33 to 0.37 and 0.41,28d electric flux of concrete increased close to 50%.


The concept of the layer-resolved optical conductivity of arbitrary bulk and surface layer systems is introduced. It is demonstrated that it allows for a detailed discussion of the magneto-optical properties of magnetic multi-layer systems. In particular it is found that the layer-projected optical conductivity of an atomic layer is influenced by only very few neighboring layers. This property can be exploited within the Baukasten principle that aims to predict the magneto-optical properties of a complex layer system from the properties calculated for a closely related but simpler one. In the case of surface layer systems, the layer-resolved optical conductivity allows to deal with the magneto-optical response of this important class of materials.


This paper presents a multiple layers sliding mode controller for a class of under-actuated systems. The structure characteristic of these systems, such as inverted pendulum(s) systems, is that they are made up of several subsystems. Firstly, the given system is divided into several subsystems. Then, one subsystem is selected to construct the first layer sliding mode surface and it is used to construct the second layer sliding mode surface with the sliding mode surface of another subsystem. This process continues till all states of all subsystems are included. The controller is designed according to this multiple layers structure. The asymptotic stability of the entire sliding mode surfaces is proved theoretically. Simulation results show the validity of this method with limited control force


he present study aimed to evaluate the effect of Emamectin benzoate and Bacillus thuringiensis as bioinsecticides as well as the organophosphorus compound, chlorpyrifos on the 2nd and 4th instar larvae of S. littoralis under laboratory conditions. The results showed a decrease in both larval and pupal duration after larvae treatment. Results also showed a decrease in the pupation and the adult emergence percentage compared to the control. Moreover, adult longevity of male and female moths was affected. In addition, mean number of eggs laid and hatched /female as a result of treatment was reduced. Results showed also that the treatment with tested compounds presented and biochemical components impact on the activity of certain enzymes, e.g. total carbohydrates, total proteins, digestive enzymes, Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and Glutathione S-transferase (GST).


This brief proposes an advanced positioning law for hybrid-type stepper motors with two main features: a) a combination of pole-zero cancellation-based proportional-integral control with disturbance observers and b) a variable manifold forced to be exponentially convergent by the proposed control law. The parameter and load uncertainties are also explicitly handled in the controller design task. The practical improvement is confirmed with experimental evidence using a 10-W stepper motor controlled by two dual half-bridge drivers and a 32-bit digital signal processor.


In this paper, the Polyjet technology was applied to build high-Q X-band resonators and low loss filters for the first time. As one of state-of-the-art 3-D printing technologies, the Polyjet technique produces RF models with finest resolution and outstanding surface finish in a clean, fast and affordable way. The measured resonator with 0.3% frequency shift yielded a quality factor of 214 at 10.26 GHz. A Vertically stacked two-cavity bandpass filter with an insertion loss of 2.1 dB and 5.1% bandwidth (BW) was realized successfully. The dimensional tolerance of this process was found to be less than 0.5%. The well matched performance of the resonator and the filter, as well as the fine feature size indicate that the Polyjet process is suitable for the implementation of low loss and low cost RF devices.


This paper focuses on the Japanese foreign direct investment (FDI) behaviors and their effects on the balance of payments. An econometric model which we built enables us to analyze these effects quantitatively. The model consists of the domestic sector and the international sector, and its equations describe Japanese overseas activities and trade between Japanese foreign affiliates and domestic firms by industry. The equations of the international sector explain the displacement and associated effects of Japanese exports and the boomerang effect due to the increased overseas production. Some simulation results tell us that an increase of Japanese FDI did not necessarily contribute to reducing the huge Japanese trade surplus in the 1980's, but suggest that the structural changes of overseas production in the 1990's may have had a great impact on the trade balance.


I. introduction The American Law Institute first recognized "privity-free strict liability for sellers of products" in 1964 when it adopted section 402 A of the Second Restatement of Torts.1 At the time of the Second Restatement, products liability was in its infancy and neither the courts nor the drafters had considered issues such as the standards for defective design or warnings.2 Certainly, the drafters had not considered whether or not duties would apply or exist after the sale of a product. In 1998, the American Law Institute published "an almost total overhaul of the Second Restatement as it concerns the liability of sellers of products."3 The Restatement (Third) of Torts: Products Liability considered the state of manufacturing, product distribution, and governmental regulation. Reviewing the changes to the industrial and legal landscapes, the drafters updated the products liability rules of the second restatement, and included a chapter devoted to the "liability of commercial product sellers not based on product defects at the time of sale."4 Until the Third Restatement, courts rarely considered arguments for duties arising after the sale of a product, leaving this to the area of government regulation when necessary. The drafters of the Restatement recognized that the imposition of such duties could have several negative effects ranging from the "daunting" costs of identifying and communicating with product users years after the sales occurred to imposing never ending burdens upon sellers with each product update or change in design.5 Nonetheless, the drafters believed that "in particular cases, triers of fact could reasonably find that product sellers can practically and effectively discharge such an obligation and that the risks of harm are sufficiently great to justify what is typically a substantial post-sale undertaking."6 Since the publishing of the Third Restatement more than thirty states have adopted various versions of duties arising after the sale of a product. Now commonly known as "post-sale duties," courts distinguish their requirements from prior products liability law, carving out a place for these duties in the law unto themselves. "We choose the label 'post-sale' rather than 'continuing.' The post-sale claim is separate from the warning claim asserted with respect to the point of sale. A post-sale warning could not be given at the point of sale because a manufacturer would not have knowledge to give it."7 With continuing and growing acceptance in the law, the recognition of post-sale duties means that responsibility for a product no longer ends at the time of sale. Manufacturers and sellers should recognize that post-sale duties are not just a trendy update of products liability law, and should heed the warning that they may possess a post-sale duty to warn, recall, or retrofit their products. II. THE THIRD RESTATEMENT'S PROVISIONS DEFINING POST-SALE DUTIES The Third Restatement approaches post-sale warnings as a duty born in negligence rather than strict liability.8 Section 10 imposes liability upon a seller (or manufacturer or distributor) for harm resulting from the failure to provide a warning after the time of sale "if a reasonable person in the seller's position would provide such a warning."9 The Restatement offers guidance in identifying the situations when a "reasonable seller" would provide post-sale warnings. Specifically, a post-sale warning should reasonably be provided when: (1) the seller knows or reasonably should know that the product poses a substantial risk of harm to persons or property; and (2) those to whom a warning might be provided can be identified and can reasonably be assumed to be unaware of the risk of harm; and (3) a warning can be effectively communicated to and acted on by those to whom a warning might be provided; and (4) the risk of harm is sufficiently great to justify the burden of providing a warning. …


The "necklace" type dialysis graft is an underutilized surgical connection created typically between the subclavian artery and the contralateral subclavian vein. This unique conduit may serve as an alternative for those who have exhausted typical upper and lower extremity dialysis access options (1). The larger diameter of subclavian vessels provides higher flow volumes that are required during dialysis, and the position of the graft resists midgraft kinking and stenosis (2). Despite improved patency rates and durability obtained through maintenance endovascular techniques, the overall longevity is relatively poor, which is typically due to recurrent outflow stenosis (3). We present a patient with cerebral palsy and end-stage renal disease due to reflux pyelonephritis, for whom typical dialysis access options in the extremities were not practical due to severe flexion contractures. A "necklace" graft dialysis conduit was created from the right subclavian artery to the left subclavian vein. Unfortunately, he suffered from recurrent stenosis and thrombosis of the graft, requiring frequent venoplasty and pharmaco-mechanical thrombectomy (Fig. 1). In an effort to prolong the life of this failing conduit in an individual with limited alternatives, a novel hybrid surgical and endovascular approach was planned in an effort to bypass the central venous stenosis by utilizing the Hemodialysis Reliable Outflow (HeRO®) catheter (Merit Medical Systems, Inc.), which was connected directly to the PTFE "necklace" graft, proximal to the venous anastomosis. The procedure was performed under general anesthesia in a hybrid operating room, with mounted C-arm fluoroscopy available. Initial access into the distal aspect of the dialysis graft, which was proximal to the venous anastomosis in the left chest, was obtained through a surgical cut down. Venous access was obtained into the patent left internal jugular vein. The venous outflow portion of the catheter was placed through a Peel-Away® sheath Cook Medical, Inc. and the tip was placed in an adequate position within the right atrium. The HeRO® catheter was tunneled subcutaneously to the left chest wall cut down. The arterial component of the HeRO® catheter was connected first to the venous outflow portion of the catheter, and then surgically anastomosed to the existing "necklace" graft. Completion angiography was performed through needle access into the graft revealing wide patency of the newly created bypass catheter conduit (Fig. 2). Follow-up Doppler ultrasonography of the composite graft-HeRO® catheter 3 months after the surgery demonstrated a widely patent graft-HeRO® catheter without hemodynamically significant stenosis. Currently, the patient has a functional graft-HeRO® catheter 15 months after placement, and has not required any further interventions at the time of this report. Fig. 1 (A) Digital subtraction venography of the right upper extremity demonstrates severely stenotic/nearly occlusive of the right axillary vein and chronic occlusion of the right brachiocephalic vein with collateral veins in the right axillary and cervical region. (B) Digital subtraction angiography of the right subclavian artery to the left subclavian vein "necklace" graft: there is short segment of severe stenosis of the venous outflow. (C) A tight waist was identified upon inflation of an angioplasty balloon centered in this location, confirming the presence of severe stenosis.


At the end of February 2022 the conflict between Russia and Ukraine turned into combat action. Ukraine is actively supported by the United States, the European Union, the United Kingdom, Australia, Japan, as well as the North Atlantic Organization (NATO). The escalation of the conflict especially between Russia and the United States significantly increases the risk of nuclear catastrophe that would lead to the catastrophic consequences for the whole world. In order to avoid it some representatives of business and non-state actors in the United States express their ideas to start negotiations with Russia, some of them propose reasonable drafts projects of the possible peace treaty. However, the majority of American establishment and expert society insist on continuing the conflict "until the victory of Ukraine".


Existing management protocols include SNMP, TL-1, Syslog, CORBA, and XML-based protocols including IETF Netconf. While many protocols were initially intended to address specific functions, most have been extended into other areas in recent years. As a result, we often have competing protocols to address the same need, resulting in a confusing technology landscape. This panel will address: † Do we need a single standard protocol to address the full FCAPS functions? If so, which is the right one? Or is having multiple standard protocols that complement each other preferable? • XML is gaining a significant momentum in recent years. Should and can XML be used to replace the existing protocols (SNMP, Syslog, etc.)? • Do we need a single information model? If so, which one? Or should standardization of information better be left out of the equation? • What direction do standardization efforts need to take to enable further advances in the state of management in a way that has measurable impact on the way networks and services are managed and deployed?


The incommensurate teacher-student ratio and inability of teachers to work on weaknesses of each student, calls for the demand of development of an adaptive learning platform which can analyze and visualize the student's performance to recommend educational concepts, thereby making the app personalized for each student. Every e-learning system is designed with a goal to help the student to establish his/her goals and help them when needed. But, the learning style of each student is different, consequently, learning progression and pattern varies among students. A learning style is a characteristic of psychological and cognitive behavior of a user under a learning phase. Hence, a good e-learning system is one which not only recommends concept based on knowledge level but also recommends the type of learning material which will help the student to learn or acquire a skill in the best way. This paper proposes the foundation and operation of an e-learning system which suggests educational concepts and type of learning materials to enrolled students, based on their performance, learning style and learning progression in the system.


Aryldihydropyrimidine-2-(1H)-ones 4a-z were synthesized by one-pot, polyphosphate ester- mediated Biginelli three-component condensation. The yields of dihydropyrimidones obtained via this novel protocol are significantly higher than those utilizing the conventional ethanol/HCl method. The mechanism of the polyphosphate ester based method and the formation of side- products are also described.


Hot summer not only hampers the pace of people's participation in outdoor sports,but also ignites the insiders'and more and more outdoor-sport lovers'enthusiasm.Asia


Ghana's economy, though energy-poor, consistently grew over the past two decades, reaching 14.4% in 2011. This growth far exceeded the global average during 2011 of about 4%, from about 5.1% in 2010, making Ghana one of the fastest-growing economies in the world at that time. The Ghana Shared Growth and Development Agenda (2010–2013) projects further growth to a per capita income of USD 3000 by 2020, which is more than double the current per capita income. Since traditional biomass accounts for over 60% of total energy consumption in Ghana, attaining this target through a business-as-usual household energy approach assumes insensitivity of economic growth to energy poverty, a deceptively harmless development issue. Diversification of energy supply and demand should, however, be inevitable in the wake of climate change shocks and low-carbon development requirements. This paper assesses climate change-induced energy behaviour of households in Ghana, who contribute 32% of total energy sector emissions of greenhouse gases. It also assesses climate change-induced welfare change for households in a low carbon-development scenario as against business as usual. The net welfare effect for the scenario to switch from fuelwood to mitigate climate change was negative. The results indicate that Ghana is in an energy poverty trap, providing mixed effects for climate change mitigation. To effectively mitigate climate change under energy poverty, Ghana should promote the cultivation of energy forest plantations, introduce and use improved charcoal stoves and improved charcoal production kilns. These could lead to greater efficiency in the energy sector and create jobs for rural communities involved in the plantations for sustained growth, while at the same time delivering benefits from mitigation funding. Keywords : Climate change mitigation, economic welfare, energy poverty, fuelwood, Ghana


Disclosed are a file uploading method and system, which relate to the field of communication network technologies, and may reduce network resource occupancy in a file uploading process, implement data sharing, and accelerate the file uploading speed. In an embodiment of the present invention, a first client fragments a to-be-uploaded file, obtains multiple file fragments, and calculates check information of the file fragments; the first client uploads, according to an address of a second server obtained from a first server, the file fragments to the second server; when the first client uploads the file fragments, the first server sends a file tag of the file to a third server; according to the file tag of the file, the third server determines a second client where at least one file fragment is saved; according to file uploading information sent by the third server separately to the first client and the second client, the first client and the second client upload respective corresponding file fragments.


This book, part of the International Library of Policy Analysis, provides an overview of developments in policy analysis in both academia and practice at various levels of governance, and offers an overview of the current state of affairs.


How one doctor fought a two-year battle with a state bureaucracy over an eight-year-old claim for $108, and still isn't sure it's over.


he paper is devoted to the question of Valuation of Intangible Assets (IA) of the companies of Jordan and its role in the value creation. The main research objective is to define the impact of fundamental value of both tangible and intangible assets of a company on market value of its assets. As a general approach, the method based on residual operating income (REOI) model as a variant of fundamental value of equity model is used herein for IA evaluation. Developed econometric model is tested on the data of Jordanian companies which are listed on Amman Stock Exchange respectively. In the focus of the research there is both the analysis of the sampled companies as a whole as well as divided into three aggregated sectors: Financial sector, Services sector and Industrial sector. The main directions for further research in this field are outlined.


IGV is widely used for the part-load operation of centrifugal chiller due to its simple structure. Since local stall or surging on compressor shorten compressor life cycle, it is clearly important to consider impeller incidence angle with wide part-load operation range. In order to obtain accurate impeller incidence angle, inlet flow angle which is generated by IGV must be obtained. In this study, therefore, the impeller inlet flow angle according to the vane opening degree is studied by CFD.


In the light of climate change, it is important to acquire the information on the diversity of flora in order to ensure rational use of steppe rangelands. The present study aimed at diagnosing the botanical and the taxonomic diver - sity of the arid steppe plant communities in South East of Algeria. A total of 216 phytoecological sampling, were collected in three sites and one sample for each month during 2017 and 2018. The vegetation was analyzed using various species diversity parameters (abundance, species richness, life forms, alpha and beta diversity indices and disturbance index). Results show that 985 plant individuals were classified into 27 species, 27 genera and 14 families, with predominance of Chenopodiaceae and Asteraceae in the arid steppe of El-Haouch, and remarkable dominance of Chamaephytic and Therophytic plants in different phytoecological groups. The state of vegetation degradation in a susceptible environment on Algeria's rangeland in the South East which is confirmed by the low values of Shannon, Jaccard indices and the values of disturbance index ranged between 50 and 85.71%. The alpha diversity parameters of the different phytoecological groups have low values, which reflect a more fragile homo - geneous ecosystem, unfavorable life conditions and the absence of certain species of high pastoral value.


An optical viewing device having a stabilized mirror in the objective lens system, the arrangement being such that the conditions for stabilization of the image against vibration about an axis perpendicular to the line of sight of the device is 2 2s 1 1 - + = r fr m WHERE R IS A COUPLING RATIO; S IS THE DISTANCE ALONG THE OPTICAL AXIS BETWEEN THE MIRROR AND A PART OF THE OBJECTIVE LENS SYSTEM THAT LIES IN FRONT OF THE REFLECTING SURFACE; F IS THE FOCAL LENGTH OF THAT PART OF THE OBJECTIVE LENS SYSTEM THAT LIES IN FRONT OF THE REPLECTING SURFACE; AND M IS THE OVERALL MAGNIFICATION OF THE COMPLETE OPTICAL SYSTEM OF THE DEVICE.


58) Field of Search ............... 423/478,479, 520, 551, 423/511 (56) References Cited U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 2,605,168 7/1952 Wagner ................................ 423/479 2,881,052 4/1959 Julien ................................... 423/479 3,933,987 1/1976 Schultz et al. ....................... 423/478 FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS 378,289 7/1923 Germany ............................. 423/479 46-40,527 11/1971 Japan .................................... 423/479 Primary Examiner-Edward Stern Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Sim & McBurney 57 ABSTRACT The efficiency of the Solvay chlorine dioxide produc ing process is enhanced by the use of a high total acid normality and a single vessel generator-evaporator crystallizer.


This paper presents a case study on information security in a medium-sized organization, which analyzed the existence of a security policy and the basic principles of information security. The data collection and analysis process was performed directly in the organization, through direct observation, questionnaire and interview techniques. Regardless of the size of the company, they all have sensitive information that, if lost or stolen, could jeopardize the company's activities, such as its operations and operations. The technological advance has raised concerns about the risks of Information Security to many entrepreneurs, although others still do not have this awareness, not treating information as one of the main assets of the organization. The analyzes carried out in the case study present evaluations in accordance with the ABNT NBR ISO/IEC 27002:2005 standard, in which the problems encountered are displayed, and finally, it presents elaborated suggestions for the vulnerable points.


This paper coessentially discusses about the making and examination of RTV pole mounted type on electrical Supervisiory Cornball and Data Acquisition  (SCADA).  Which used to monitor and mamoeuvre air ventilation with 20 KV  distribution tension. The making of this RIV includes the software as well as the hardware of RTV PM  besides is examination facilities.  the RTV PM hard ware uses 8031 micro controller and the of software uses ASM 51 assembler language whereas the examination tool uses Borland CIT Builder applying system operations Window 95 or Window 98. RTV PM has two control specifications as an output, two double statues, and eight single statue as its input. The function of RTV PM cover control function, acquisition contro!, polling function,   and  time  synchronization function. Keywords: SCA DA. RTV PM, micro controller.


The representation of human movement requires knowledge of both movement and morphology of bony segments. The determination of subject-specific morphology data and their registration with movement data is accomplished through an anatomical calibration procedure (calibrated anatomical systems technique: CAST). This paper describes a novel approach to this calibration (UP-CAST) which, as compared with normally used techniques, achieves better repeatability, a shorter application time, and can be effectively performed by non-skilled examiners. Instead of the manual location of prominent bony anatomical landmarks, the description of which is affected by subjective interpretation, a large number of unlabelled points is acquired over prominent parts of the subject's bone, using a wand fitted with markers. A digital model of a template-bone is then submitted to isomorphic deformation and re-orientation to optimally match the above-mentioned points. The locations of anatomical landmarks are automatically made available. The UP-CAST was validated considering the femur as a paradigmatic case. Intra- and inter-examiner repeatability of the identification of anatomical landmarks was assessed both in vivo, using average weight subjects, and on bare bones. Accuracy of the identification was assessed using the anatomical landmark locations manually locatedonbarebones asreference. Therepeatability ofthis methodwasmarkedly higherthanthat reportedin theliteratureand obtainedusing the conventional palpation (ranges: 0.9‐7.6 mm and 13.4‐17.9, respectively). Accuracy resulted, on average, in a maximal error of 11 mm. Results suggest that the principal source of variability resides in the discrepancy between subject's and template bone morphology and not in the inter-examiner differences. The UP-CASTanatomical calibration could be considered a promising alternative to conventional calibration contributing to a more repeatable 3D human movement analysis. # 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.


Background: This study was conducted to develop a modified, parsimonious, faster to produce, easier to implement, and patient-specific drill guide template and also to examine if such a modification might affect the accuracy.
Methods: On two cadaveric spines, using reverse engineering, the orientation of pedicles and safe corridors for pedicle screw were determined. A drill template was designed with a surface that was the inverse of the posterior vertebral surface. The drill template was manufactured using rapid prototyping technique. To decrease the costs, the cervical spine corresponding prototypes were not manufactured. In contrary to previous studies, to preserve the stability from posterior element, the templates were designed in such a way that removing interspinous and supraspinous ligaments was not necessary. The accuracy was evaluated by computed tomography (CT) images and classified into three grades of 0: correct placement, 1: malposition by less than a half screw diameter, and 2: malposition by more than a half screw diameter.
Results: Of 20 positions available, we inserted 19 screws, because the trajectory of one of the patient-specific drill guide templates was misdirected. The overall accuracy rate for cervical pedicle screw (CPS) placement was 84.2% (16 of 19). Safely inserted screws, combining the grades 0 and 1 categories, were as high as 100%. We observed no "unsafe screw placement".
Conclusions: The total cost and the latency period before the operation was reduced and the interspinous and supraspinous ligaments were preserved. A good applicability and high accuracy was obtained for subaxial CPS (SCPS) insertion.


We report the fabrication of AlGaN/GaN heterostructure field-effect transistor (HFET) with in situ grown semi-insulating Mg-doped GaN (GaN:Mg) cap layer. Without activation, the GaN:Mg film is known to be highly resistive and shown to reduce leakage current in AlGaN/GaN heterostructure. With 1-μm-long gate length at drain-voltage of 10V, the presented HFET exhibited a drain-source current in saturation (IDSS) of 735 mA/mm and a peak transconductance gm(max) of 170 mS/mm, while the current gain cutoff frequency (fT) and maximum frequency of oscillation (fmax) were 20.5 and 33.3 GHz, respectively. © 2012 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/2.011201ssl] All rights reserved.


The development of land transportation, in this case the highway in Morotai Island Regency, is currently very fast. One of the roads planned for the construction of a new road is the Unipas Morotai Campus Road Section. So far, the construction of new roads in Morotai Island Regency has not been optimally carried out by a survey to test the condition of the subgrade and the strength of the base soil. The purpose of this study was to determine the carrying capacity of the subgrade for the purpose of planning pavement thickness on the Unipas Morotai campus road through direct field testing with laboratory testing. The results showed that the soil types in the 3 sampling locations were loamy soils with high water content in the field between 30-35%. The laboratory CBR value at point 01 is 33%, point 2 is 28% and point 3 is 49%. These results indicate that from the results of laboratory testing, subgrade fulfills the requirements as a subgrade on road pavement where CBR> 5%. The CBR value of the field tested at point 6 test points gave a varied value of 4.64% -6.96%. These results indicate that from the lab test results, subgrade fulfills the requirements as a subgrade on the pavement where CBR> 5% at point 01 , and point 04. Meanwhile, the other 4 points did not meet their CBR values so that special compaction was needed in the field..


In 1970, the August issue of Vox Sanguinis published for the first time a new section, named International Forum [1]. The manuscript was accompanied by a statement signed by 'The Editorial Board' declaring: 'Under the heading "International Forum", we shall in future from time to time publish questions on topical problems as well as the answers by international experts on the subject'. The question of that first Vox Sanguinis International Forum was 'What is the possible impact of Au/SH antigen detection in blood banking and transfusion services'. The reason to select that topic was that Baruch S. Blumberg, in 1965, had described a new antigen named Australia antigen in the blood of transfused [2] and leukaemic patients [3] that was later associated with one of the two hepatitides identified at the time: the serum hepatitis (SH, type B). The other one was the infectious hepatitis (IH, type A). Eleven responses were published in that first International Forum, 9 from United States (interestingly, 3 from the New York Blood Center) and 3 from Europe (Austria, France and United Kingdom). Those responses revealed nicely the appropriateness of the idea of creating a forum to gather the opinions and views from experts of different parts of the world about challenges faced by the professionals working in Transfusion Medicine. In that particular case, it is interesting to see that one of the experts thought that '. . . the immediate effect of testing for the hepatitis virus would be to make professional donors and prisoners fully acceptable again', while another participant wrote 'Another danger is that it will be assumed that blood from paid professional donors is equally acceptable as the blood of volunteers'.


The aim of this research is to analyze the eco-tourism and adventure activities in the landscape and environmental context of a town located in the Serra da Mantiqueira, in the State of Sao Paulo, called Sao Bento do Sapucai, one of the most promising places of this type in the country. By means of fieldwork, bibliographical reviews, sports practiced in loco and interviews with locals and people who do or organize these adventure activities, this study tries to point out in detail the environmental characteristics of the town and its region, the sports carried on there, infrastructure issues, as well as potential environmental impacts resulting from the use and exploitation of the landscape and natural resources. This study also analyzes questions related to the participation of the public government, private enterprise, the local community and adventure sportspeople in the process of organization of activities and the social, economic, cultural and environmental development of the town and its surrounding area.


During the catastrophic 2019 and 2020 bushfire season and the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic in 2020, Queensland's Courier Mail regularly celebrated firefighters and health workers as national archetypes. By positioning them as the 'new Anzacs', the Courier Mail was able to communicate an understanding of the crises using a rhetoric that was familiar, unthreatening and reassuring. The firefighters, both professional and volunteer, were easily subsumed into the mythology's celebration of national identity. As Queensland's health workers were predominantly female, urban-based and educated, the article used a more modern iteration of the Anzac mythology better suited to this different context. The emergence of a 'kinder, gentler Anzac' in the 1970s and its focus on trauma, suffering and empathy proved equally useful as a rhetorical tool. Both approaches were underpinned by a move away from a narrow military context to the Anzac mythology's standing as a civic religion that celebrates more universal values such as courage, endurance, sacrifice and comradeship.


SK3 K+ channels influence neuronal excitability and are present in 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT) and dopamine (DA) nuclei in the brain stem. We therefore hypothesized that SK3 channels affect 5‐HT and DA neurotransmission and associated behaviors. To explore this, we used doxycycline‐induced conditional SK3‐deficient (T/T) mice. In microdialysis, T/T mice had elevated baseline levels of striatal extracellular DA and the metabolites dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and homovanillic acid. While baseline hippocampal extracellular 5‐HT was unchanged in T/T mice, the 5‐HT response to the 5‐HT transporter inhibitor citalopram was enhanced. Furthermore, baseline levels of the 5‐HT metabolite 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid were elevated in T/T mice. T/T mice performed equally to wild type (WT) in most sensory and motor tests, indicating that SK3 deficiency does not lead to gross impairments. In the forced swim and tail suspension tests, the T/T mice displayed reduced immobility compared with WT, indicative of an antidepressant‐like phenotype. Female T/T mice were more anxious in the zero maze. In contrast, anxiety‐like behaviors in the open‐field and four‐plate tests were unchanged in T/T mice of both sexes. Home cage diurnal activity was also unchanged in T/T mice. However, SK3 deficiency had a complex effect on activity responses to novelty: T/T mice showed decreased, increased or unchanged activity responses to novelty, depending on sex and context. In summary, we report that SK3 deficiency leads to enhanced DA and 5‐HT neurotransmission accompanied by distinct alterations in emotional behaviors.


influence of poor food, lack of entertainment,poor living conditions, loneliness, the society of natives of poor intelligence and unhygienic habits, the absenceof home life, minor illnesses,more serious disease,and the thousand and one other factors that make life in the tropics entirely different from life elsewhere. There is no meansof estimatingthe importance of these factors; until there is, the increasein knowledge concerning the influence of climate on human health and efficiency is likely to be slight. As the yearsgo by and more is learnt of mental function and bodily economyand disease, the more mature views of competentobserverswill be interesting. For the present the logical view is that climate, generalconditionsand diseasesall play their part in the causationof ill-health and loss of energy in the tropics. Though the importanceof eachvaries with localities and individuals, diseaseis the most important factor. The personal factor is difficult to estimateand more difficult to control; every medical practitioner in the tropics comesin contactwith peoplewho arequite unsuited to a tropical life, and others who seem to flourish in spite of all difficulties and disadvantages.If it were possibleby undertakingan extensivegeneral surveyto determinethe personalqualitiesnecessary to successfuland happy life in the tropics, some constructivework might be done.


We have measured the sub-barrier fusion cross sections for the 16O+ 16O and 16O+ 18O systems from Elab=13.5–25 MeV. We find no significant enhancement of the 16O+ 18O cross section compared with the 16O+ 16O cross section; this is quite different from the sub-barrier fusion of the calcium isotopes which exhibit a strong isotope dependence.


From the perspective of judical practice against Gangland Crime, the organized crime in China has it's special charateristics and discipline. Because of the deficiency of related legal system and limitation of judical practice, there are cases which Gangland organization usurp grass-roots political authority and autonomy organization .It is necessary to illuminate the reasons and to propose a solution about perfection of accessory punishment of Gangland Crime.


Automated theorem proving involves the programming of computers to perform logical (mathematical) deduction. This should not be confused with numerical calculation, in which operations that need to be performed can be exactly specified ahead of time as, for example, in Gaussian elimination. Rather, theorem provers search for proofs of statements given axioms describing the basic assumptions such as would occur in a modern algebra text on group theory. There are many theorem-proving programs that are based on ad hoc data representations and manipulations;many such techniques are derived by the programmer analyzing how he himself proves theorems. However, the most widely studied and best understood general method is based on the resolution principle for first-order logic of Robinson [9]. Indeed, all the papers in this issue have resolution as a starting point.


Hardware Trojans, implantable at a myriad of points within the supply chain, are difficult to detect and identify. By emulating systems on programmable hardware, the authors have created a tool from which to create and evaluate Trojan attack signatures and therefore enable better Trojan detection (for in-service systems) and prevention (for in-design systems).


The widespread Lower Mississippian limestones of the Madison group were deposited in a basin extending eastward from the Cordilleran trough, bounded on the north in Alberta and Saskatchewan by a positive element related to the Sweetgrass arch, and on the south by positive elements of northern Colorado and northwestern Nebraska. The limestones may be divided into two persistent formations: the very massive Mission Canyon limestone overlying the well bedded Lodgepole limestone. The Lodgepole is divisible into an upper member, the Woodhurst, largely limestone with thin shale partings, and a lower member, the Paine, with a much larger percentage of shale. Petroleum-reservoir zones, largely confined to the Mission Canyon, appear to have been controlled by five factors: solutio , dolomitization, sandy zones, reworking of oolitic and granular material, and fracturing. Insoluble-residue analysis indicates that the formations and members of the group may be recognized by that means in a large area and that zones within formations may be determined in limited areas.


A major change to the DSM-5 was the integration of a new severity rating system, ranging from mild to extreme, with key parameters for each eating disorder. However, few studies have examined the clinical utility of these new severity indices. The aim of this project was to identify variables that predict psychosocial impairment in a community sample of individuals with eating disorders in order to inform future diagnostic definitions of severity. Participants were individuals with eating disorders (N=189; 19.9% men) recruited from two Midwestern communities. Participants completed the Eating Pathology Symptoms Inventory (EPSI), Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I) adjusted for DSM-5 criteria, NEO Five-Factor Inventory-3 (NEO-FFI-3), and the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHO-DAS 2.0). The Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) was used to compare the fit of path models to the data. Individual model fit was assessed using overall model chi-square, comparative fit index (CFI), Tucker-Lewis Fit Index (TFI), and rootmean-square-error of approximation (RMSEA). Results provided some support for current DSM5 severity indicators for BN and BED. Findings indicated limited support for DSM-5's current severity indices. Two alternative methods for determining eating disorder severity, using binge eating and restricting frequency as predictors of psychosocial dysfunction, were identified. However, results also suggested that future evaluation of severity indices might benefit from integrating mood, anxiety, and eating disorder symptom based models of severity.


ABSTRACT
The coverage of weighing toddlers in West Lampung Regency in 2016 has not met the target. From the 11 of health center in West Lampung Regency, The Srimulyo Suoh health center (Puskesmas) is a health center with underfive weighing coverage because the achievement of underfive weighing coverage has decreased, from 62.8% in 2015 to 52.5% in 2016, this figure is still low means has not met the achievement target of 75%.. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between knowledge and attitudes with maternal participation in weighing toddlers in the Working Area of the Puskesmas Srimulyo Suoh in West Lampung 2017. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors related to maternal participation in weighing toddlers in the working area of The Srimulyo Suoh health center in West Lampung in 2017. In this case, the researchers looked at the variable knowledge and attitudes of mothers. This type of research is quantitative, with the cross sectional approach. The population in this study were all mothers who had children under five who were in the Working Area of the Puskesmas Srimulyo Suoh West Lampung amounting to 54 respondents. In this study the sampling technique used uses the total population. The results in the study found that p value for the knowledge variable p value = 0.04 and attitude p value = 0.025 so that p value <0.05, which means there is a relationship between knowledge and attitudes with maternal participation in weighing toddlers in the Puskesmas Srimulyo Suoh West Lampung. Suggestions for mothers of children under five so that they can continue to improve their activity in participating in good posyandu activities by asking health workers about weighing toddlers and using health services as well as possible.
Keywords : Participation, Mother, Weighing Toddlers


This review examines the size effects observed in the mechanical strength of thin metal films and small samples such as single-crystalline pillars, whiskers, and wires. Experimental results from mechanical testing and electron mi- croscopy studies, as well as recent insights from discrete dislocation dynam- ics simulations, are presented. The size dependency of deformation may be separated into three regimes: the nanometer regime of roughly 100 nm and below, an intermediate regime between 100 nm and approximately 1 μm, and a bulk-like regime. We argue that there is no scaling law with one uni- versal power-law exponent encompassing the entire range. Instead, there are a number of different mechanisms and underlying effects, e.g., the initial dislocation microstructure or loading conditions. The complex interaction of these mechanisms leads to the typically observed scaling behavior.


This research proposed to analyze and examine the relationship between perceived organizational support, normative commitment and trust in leadership on employee performance. This research is a descriptive quantitative research. The population in this study are all  PT kayu lapis Indonesia/ PT Mitra Care Indonesia employees, the sampling technique used in this research is sensus because the entire population of the study was used as sample. Data collecting method used is questionnaire method. Data obtained been analyzed with spss analitycal equipment tools. The results of the validity test table show from SPSS data that the variable X1 is organizational perception, variable X2 is normative commitment, X3 is leadership trust in employee performance, and variable Y Employee performance can be explained that the value of r> rtable based on a significant test of 0.05 means that the items mentioned above are valid. The leadership trust variable has a positive and significant effect on employee performance by showing the results of 0.057 and sig 0.469. It can be said that the better the trust in the leader, the higher the employee's performance.


In "Ideological and moral cultivation and law basis" teaching process,we can enhance the effect of classroom teaching,if we select the ideological and moral education and law education of double effect comprehensive case for classroom teaching.It is beneficial to the construction of socialist core value system.But the general case selection should reflect the typical,true,vivid principle,and scientific design of teaching path:introduction to the case→students discuss→through the question focus of knowledge points→analysis of a case→inspire students to discover new knowledge→students discuss→analysis and summary.


The work aims to investigate the error in determining the angular coordinates of an object for the solution of the Perspective-2-Point problem in the presence of natural or intentional acoustic clutters to IMU. The results of simulation modeling for yaw P2P estimation errors in the presence of acoustic clutter to a three-axis accelerometer of six degrees of freedom IMU is given.


Award-winning financial journalist Gillian Tett joins IPPR director and Juncture co-editor Nick Pearce to discuss the crisis of faith at the root of the financial crash, the disaster of austerity, the great expectations of new Bank of England governor Mark Carney, and the state of economic thinking in post-crash Britain.


Abstract: Table grapes produce clusters of berries on deciduous woody vines. The berries are simple non-climacteric fleshy fruits. Currently, 'Thompson Seedless', 'Red Globe' and 'Flame Seedless' are the main cultivars worldwide. The growth period lasts for 100 to 120 days after full bloom, and grapes are harvested with 15 to 17% total soluble solids (TSS) and/or a TSS: titratable acidity ratio greater than 20. Several biotic and abiotic factors cause postharvest deterioration of grapes, particularly when grapes are transported to markets involving a journey of 15 to 40 days. The critical factors involved in postharvest handling and management of table grapes are reviewed and discussed in this chapter.


Abstract : Project LN 317, Ground Displacement Study, was conducted in conjunction with Operation Prairie Flat at the Defence Research Establishment, Suffield, Alberta, Canada, The Prairie Falt 500-ton spherical TNT shot, placed tangent to and above the surface, was detonated on 9 August 1968 at the Watching Hill Site. Measurements were made of the permanent displacement of cylindrical structures placed vertically in the soil adjacent to the detonation. These structures were 6 and 5/8-inch-diameter steel pipes of 10-, 14-, and 20-foot lengths placed along two azimuths. Stations were located at radial distances of 84, 105, 140, 195, 230, 280, 330, and 430 feet from ground zero. These distances were at equivalent predicted overpressures of 2,000, 1,500, 1,000, 600, 450, 300, 200, and 100 psi, respectively. The maximum tilt measured was 10.3 degrees for a 20-foot pipe located 84 feet from ground zero. The minimum tilt was less than 3 minutes for a station located 280 feet from ground zero. Maximum tilt at the nominal 200-psi distance was 1.5 degrees. Tilt directions were both toward and away from ground zero and consistency in direction and, to a lesser extent, in magnitude of tilt was apparent between the two radial arrays of pipes. (Author)