The authors explore reasons why labor force statistic for women often falsely portray women as having low labor force activity. They rely heavily on a methodological survey jointly conducted by the International Labour Organisation and the Operations Research Group Baroda in Uttar Pradesh India which was specially designed to provide hard statistical evidence on factors causing female labor force activity to be under-reported in many censuses and surveys. 1621 rural households were surveyed. Chapter 1 reviews evidence from the research literature on difficulties in measuring female labor force participation and the probable effects associated with 4 factors indicated in the literature as being particularly important: 1) poorly constructed questionnaires 2) biases of interviewers associated with their gender 3) lack of knowledge and biases of (male) proxy-respondents and 4) ambiguous and arbitrary labor force definitions. Chapter 2 describes the Methods Test used in this study. Chapter 3 describes sample households interviewers and respondents; Chapters 4 5 and 6 present results from the Methods Test. Women were found to be extremely active in the sample area. Approximately 90% of the sample women were reported to be in the labor force based on internationally accepted recommendations for defining labor force activity with over 10% engaged in wage employment and over 1/3 in activities where monetary transactions took place. Typically women engaged in several different types of labor force activities implying that it is not possible to understand or measure the extent of female labor force activity in rural India without accounting for womens multiple and fragmented activity patterns. Differentials by questionnaire type were often statistically significant. Results show the crucial role played by questionnaire design. Typical general key word questions as used in censuses and labor force surveys around the world were found to be grossly inadequate. All but paid labor force activity remained significantly under-reported even after 3 typical general key word questions on main activity secondary activity and work had been asked. It was found that gender and proxy status of the respondent was not a significant source of bias in reporting in the Methods Test. Results did indicate a number of significant differences for male and female interviews; these were not uniform across questionnaire types and labor force definitions.


A bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane, with one cyclopropane carbon flanked by a ketone and an ester or an aldehyde, undergoes methanolysis with cleavage of one of the two activated cyclopropane bonds, depending on the reaction conditions. Acidic conditions yield primarily or exclusively a 4-methoxycyclohexane, while basic conditions yield a 3-methoxymethylcyclopentanone.


The pressure compensation apparatus for a ventilation of the vehicle to secure the electronic controller is disclosed. Pressure compensation device according to an aspect of the invention, the electronic control element a vent forming a vent hole that is formed integrally run through the casing and out of an electronic control device for storing the electronic control elements to the electronic control unit side connector mounted and, formed integrally with the side connector is fastened to fulfill the electronic control unit and electrical connection base to configured to include a cover to form a protective barrier covering the upper portion of the coupling and at the same time, the gas permeable portion of the electronic control device side connector and the outlet connector It shall be.


Water, benzene, and nitrogen were adsorbed on Al-MCM-41 molecular sieves, both unmodified and modified via controlled deposition of coke, and adsorption isotherms were determined. The mechanism of adsorption most probably includes multilayer adsorption at lower relative pressures, followed by capillary condensation. It is similar for all the adsorbates studied. The sorption capacity of the parent samples for benzene and nitrogen is relatively high and independent of the Al content. Thus, the Al centers do not substantially influence the lyophilic character of MCM-41 in relation to these adsorbates. In the case of water, however, a decrease in sorption capacity with an increase in the Al amount implies that clusters of the adsorbate molecules formed around the Al centers cause a partial clogging of the pores. The Al content is a factor controlling adsorption of water both directly, as a number of adsorption centers, and indirectly via influencing the content of coke. Coke strongly decreases both the surfac...


The effect of JMS stylet oil and/or endosulfan on the incidence and spread of potyviruses in watermelon in the autumn of 1988 and the spring growing seasons of 1989 and 1990 was determined. The incidence of virus-infected plants reached 50% 5-7 days later in oil-treated plots each year, and the maximum rate of virus spread was reduced in 1990. In 1990, the average damage rating of melons from plots not receiving oil was significantly higher than the rating of melons from oil-treated plots. Weights of individual melons from oil-treated plants were significantly lower, however, and at the earliest stages of bloom, 6 wk after planting, there were fewer flowers on oil-treated plants


Abstract. In Plato's Gorgias, Socrates makes pronounced use of 'rhetorical' means. While this has often been pointed out, it has rarely been asked which constitutive features are shared by Socrates' and Gorgias' discursive practices. This article tackles this question based on the notion of logos that emerges in Gorgias' Encomium of Helen. It is claimed that Gorgias was not concerned with a rhetorical technique but in fact with a practice of ethical formation. In this practice, or culture of speech, speakers bring virtue to bear by displaying virtuous ways of speaking. Socratic dialectic, as presented in the Gorgias, can be interpreted as bringing this discursive practice to perfection.


Abstract : Heterotopic ossification (HO) is the pathologic formation of bone in soft tissues. HO develops during the physical rehabilitation of patients with traumatic injuries, such as brain, spinal cord or orthopedic injury. When adjacent to joints or pressure points, HO causes pain, pressure sores and physical obstruction that significantly limits rehabilitation. The incidence is as high as 50% after traumatic amputation due to blast injury, when the amputation is through damaged soft tissue. Much of the clinical management of HO has been empiric. We show that an atraumatic mouse model of subcutaneous HO reproduces essential features of clinical HO in humans. (1) There is an early inflammatory phase, (2) HO progresses towards bone maturity and (3) damaged soft tissue promotes local HO development. Preliminary attempts to activate osteoclast resorptive function in vivo failed, probably due to insufficient bioavailability and the rapid decline of osteoclast numbers after 2 weeks. Our observations show that this mouse model of HO an accessible and clinically relevant system for detailed in vivo analysis of HO pathogenesis and treatment. The mechanism of wound-exacerbated HO progression in mice may usefully inform the medical care of HO in amputated limbs. In the next 6 months we propose to confirm that COX2 inhibitors prevent HO progression in this model and to determine if FDA-approved vascular endothelial growth factor antagonists will disrupt endothelial formation and COX2 expression that are necessary for new bone formation in this mouse model.


Anti‐tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α therapy is used for the treatment of psoriasis, with varying outcomes. However, the specific cause of inadequate response or treatment failure remains unknown. The aim of the present study was to identify useful clinical biomarkers for predicting therapeutic responses or to serve as new drug targets for refractory psoriasis cases. We performed a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) of 65 psoriasis patients who were prospectively followed after beginning anti‐TNF‐α therapy using Human Omni Express‐8 v1.2 Beadchips. Patients were enrolled at the dermatology departments of Kobe University Hospital and six collaborative hospitals. Associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and changes in the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) after 12 weeks of treatment were evaluated. After genome data collection and quality control, a total of 731 442 SNPs were identified in 65 Asian psoriasis patients who were treated with adalimumab or infliximab. Here, we present 10 SNPs, such as those in JAG2 and ADRA2A, that were associated with treatment responses to anti‐TNF‐α agents (strongest effect, P < 7.11E‐06). This is the first GWAS to examine SNP associated with treatment responses in psoriasis patients. In addition, we identified other SNP that exhibited potential associations with anti‐TNF‐α treatment response, which merit further study. Of these, rs11096957 on TLR10, which is associated with increased TNF‐α production, was previously reported to be associated with treatment responses to TNF‐α inhibitors.


This paper presents Massana's DSP co-processor solution – FILU-DMT [1] for enabling soft G.Lite (or ADSL Lite) on Pentium and RISC processors. The user interacts with the coprocessor via a C API which accesses a shared RAM interface. All of the G.Lite DSP functions are pre-programmed and held in ROM. The FILU-DMT is implemented in fully synthesizable Verilog RTL with a single synchronous clock for high scan coverage. It is based on a dual MAC architecture which can perform a radix-4 FFT butterfly in 8 cycles yielding a 256 point FFT in 21 µ s. This is the industry's fastest FFT for this class of processor. The FILU-DMT supports block floating-point arithmetic which achieves near floating-point performance at a fraction of the area cost of conventional DSPs. 8.8 MHz. The data is sample rate converted to 1.1 MHz for block processing by the FILU-200. By using a separate filter engine to do sample based interpolation and decimation on the A/D and D/A the Host and FILU-200 RAM requirements are kept to a minimum.


A patrimony is a heritage to be protected and transferred. This paper deals with general properties of geomorphology popularization process, therefore with the transmission of a scientific knowledge to the public. The first part shows the reasons for such a process (public request, popularization of others sciences, previous experiences in several countries). The second shows a valorization course of geomorphology by its popularization, according to landforms, types of public and methods. The last one deals with the questions of popularization (identification, recognition, expression, distribution). Popularization leads to patrimonialization of landforms. Its educational approach concerns directly university teaching activities.


This article aims to understand and analyze, in the context of teaching, the relational movement between identity formation and social representation of space. For this purpose, the case of the State University of Minas Gerais (UEMG) is used when the declaration of unconstitutionality of complementary law no. 100/2007. The argument that permeates this study is that teacher identity formation results from an unstable process intrinsically associated with the socio-cultural appropriation of spaces. With this understanding, a theoretical approach was sought between the conceptions of teacher identity and socio-spatial representation, made possible by the conceptual deepening of the categories territory, place and culture. As methodological procedures, in addition to the bibliographic review, documentary research was adopted in order to understand narratives and discourses from documentary sources (administrative, journalistic and electronic). The analysis of the content of these sources allowed a better understanding of the productions of sense to the context investigated. Among other contributions, the study showed that, in the face of the constant "making" of the teacher identity, the unveiling of state actions and the teacher-subject's awareness of the processes related to this "making" are essential for a liberating identity formation and, consequently, for the consolidation of the university as a territory / place increasingly closer to its genuine mission of social institution.


1. PROLOGUE. Thomas (Tom) Edward Dutton died on December 21, 2021, aged eighty-six. He made important contributions to the study of New Guinea languages in several domains. He carried out surveys of the 100 or so indigenous languages of Central and Southeast Papua and did in-depth descriptions of several of these, especially Koiari and Koita. He wrote textbooks for Tok Pisin and Police Motu, the chief lingue franche of Papua New Guinea (PNG). He contributed many maps and articles to the massive twovolume Language Atlas of the Pacific. He was the Foundation Professor of Linguistics at The University of Papua New Guinea (UPNG) from 1975 to 1977. He served as managing editor of Pacific Linguistics (PL) publications between 1987 and 1996. He co-supervised the dissertations of many PhD students who worked on languages of New Guinea.


As a result of the method of transport and technological characteristics when developing Barzass deposit the optimal scheme is selected of opening with a minimum cost of transport to work.


This study discussed about the quality control of product ' E ' produced by PT DYN, Tbk., a plastic packaging manufacturer in Jatake, Banten. P map was used to map whether the product has been in the control limits or not. Pareto diagram was used in determining the biggest types of defects that occured in the product mapped. Causal diagram was used in determining the cause of defects in the product. For the purposes of the study, we collected data about the amount of production and the amount of defects of product ' E' for three months as much as 45992. Based on the p map, there were seven data outside the control limits which were 9, 27, 30, 42, 43, 48 and 63. There were three biggest flaws obtained from Pareto diagram, i.e. black spots, rough body, and bram. The data was then analyzed using causal diagram. The results showed that the causes of the defects were: (1) human – less conscientious and less skilled ; (2) material – dirty raw materials, (3) methods – the work process did not follow the work standards, (4) machine – inappropriate settings, and (5) environment – dirty. Therefore, the company must make improvements to machinery, materials, methods, human and the environment to reduce products defects.


The effectiveness of maize (Zea mays L.) planted at different times in a maize-cucumber intercrop to reduce the density of cucumber insect pests was investigated in 2007 and 2008. The cucumber varieties Marketmore and Hybrid F1 were established from seed as a monocrop or intercropped with maize, and with maize established 2 weeks before cucumber (2WBC), the same day with cucumber (SDC) or 2 weeks after cucumber (2WAC). Irrespective of the cucumber variety, there was a significant reduction (over 50%) in the density of insect pests in the cucumber-maize intercrop compared with cucumber alone. Similarly, in both years, fruit damage was significantly lower (about 50%) in the intercropped cucumber, particularly at 2WBC and SDC, compared with cucumber alone. Cucumber fruit yield was significantly higher at SDC but significantly lower at 2WBC relative to the other times. In both years, a relatively higher yield for cucumber was obtained at SDC than at 2WBC and 2WAC. Therefore, a significant control of cucumber insect pests and a higher cucumber yield were obtained when cucumber and maize were planted on the same day.


Two trials were conducted to determine acute oral toxicity and accumulative toxicity of melamine in layers.Experiment 1 was acute oral toxicity test.Seventy Hy-line layers were divided randomly into seven groups which were orally administered with melamine 944.7,1 306.7,1 807.4,2 500.1,3 458.0,4 783.1 and 6 616.0 mg/kg respectively.Experiment 2 was accumulative toxicity test.Forty Hy-line layers were divided randomly into experimental and control groups.The layers of experimental group were orally administered with melamine 605.0 mg/kg daily,until the integrating dose was five LD50.After accumulative toxicity test,the melamine poisoning survivors were orally administered with melamine 2 419.9 mg/kg to observe tolerance.The results showed that the LD50 of melamine was estimated to be 2 419.9 mg/kg in layers,95% confidence limits were 2 017.0 mg/kg to 2 903.4 mg/kg,the accumulative coefficient(K) was greater than five.Mortality of the melamine poisoning survivors was 8.3%,however mortality of the control group was 45%,the difference of both was significant(P0.05).The melamine toxicity to layers is lower,accumulative toxicity is slight,and layers has high tolerance of melamine.


Human peripheral blood samples are probably the most common specimens submitted for flow cytometric analysis. Handling and preparation will vary depending on the cell lineage to be examined and the type of assay. This unit presents protocols for separating white cells by lysing erythrocytes, isolating mononuclear cells by trilineage separation, and assorted methods for isolating or enriching specific cell populations, including monocytes, neutrophils, T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, NK cells, stem cells, and platelets. Keywords: flow cytometry; human blood; leukocyte preparation; mononuclear blood cells; cell population enrichment; cell population isolation; cell population purification


The form and effect of Mn in Mg-6wt%Zn-1wt%Mn(ZM61) alloy were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results show that most Mn soluted in matrix in as-cast microstructure; a small amount of fine Mn dispersoids were formed during homogenization treatment; the majority of Mn precipitated as regular shape Mn dispersiods after solution treatment, the main shape of these Mn particles are regular polygon, spherical and rod-like; the form of Mn existence in as-aged samples is similar with those solution treated samples. High resolution transmission microscopy observation and fast fourier transform analysis revealed that there are cohenrent interface relationship between α-Mn and α-Mg, it is ((10(average)10)(subscript α-Mg)//(301)(subscript α-Mn), [(average)12(average)16](subscript α-Mg)//[1(average)2(average)3](subscript α-Mn)). According to the classical two-dimensional lattice mismatch model "Bramifit" it can be calculated that the lattice misfit between α-Mn and MgZn2 is only 2.14%, when their orientation relationship is (200)(subscript α-Mn)//(10(average)10)(subscript MgZn2, [012](subscript α-Mn)//[1(average)21(average)3](subscript MgZn2)). Therefore, α-Mn particles can act as heterogeneous nucleas for MgZn2 phase during aging. but the MgZn2 particles are always coarser than those that dont't nucleate on α-Mn particles.


People suffered from sciatica, pain along the sciatic nerve, require therapy up to 4 months or longer to achieve controlled-pain. The main treatment for sciatica is physiotherapy; medication is only secondary therapy. This quasi-experimental study aimed to investigate the effects of counseling and drug information services (DIS) by pharmacist on medication adherence and duration of therapy. In the study conducted in March‒July 2018, 128 ambulatory sciatica patients newly diagnosed at Dr. Suyoto Hospital, Jakarta, were divided randomly into two groups, each of 64 patients. The intervention group was given counseling and DIS by clinical pharmacists (3 times with interval of 4 weeks) as well as brochures. Primary data on medication adherence were obtained prospectively through interviews using a validated questionnaire, before the intervention and 4 weeks after the last counseling and DIS by clinical pharmacists. Secondary data (up to 16 weeks), including pain scores, were obtained from medical records and the patient administrative data. The results showed that sociodemographic characteristics as well as distribution of initial adherence and initial pain levels of the two groups were not significantly different (Mann-Whitney test, p>0.05). After the last intervention, the proportion of patients with high-adherence in the intervention group (12.5%) was higher than in the control group (6.3%), as was the proportion of patient achieved controlled-pain (84.4% versus 76.6%).  The results of survival analysis showed that the duration of treatment by which 50% of patients achieved controlled-pain (median survival) was significantly shorter in the intervention group (85 days) than in the control group (92 days), while the probability of achieving controlled-pain (hazard ratio) in the intervention group was 1.7 times of that in the control group. In conclusion, counseling and DIS by pharmacist can improve the effectiveness of sciatica treatment, although the main therapy for the nerve pain is not medication.


Myelolipomas as the name itself suggests are tumors consisting of myeloid tissue and lipomatous tissue in variable proportion. Though rare, these tumors are usually confined to retroperitoneum with adrenals being the most common site. Adrenal myelolipoma (AML) is a rare benign tumour with reported incidence being less than 0.5%. Usually these tumors are detected incidentally on imaging done for some other reasons and most of the times they are unilateral and small. When small these tumors are mostly asymptomatic and hormonally inactive. Giant and bilateral adrenal myelolipomas are very rare tumors. We here report a rare case of bilateral giant adrenal myelolipoma in a 47 year old male who presented to us with history of lump and pain on left side of the abdomen. On evaluation, he had bilateral giant adrenal myelolipomas, left being 22x15x12 cm and right being 11x8.2x7cms with hypertension. Laboratory examination of adrenal function revealed normal results. Bilateral adrenalectomy was done and HPE revealed adrenal myelolipoma. Post operative period was uneventful and the patient is successfully on hormone replacement therapy since then.


Summary.  A methodology is developed for making inference about parameters of a possible covert chemical or biological atmospheric release from sensor readings. The key difficulty in performing this inference is that the results must be obtained in a very short timescale (5 min) to make use of the inference for protection. The methodology that is developed uses some of the components in a sequential Monte Carlo algorithm. However, this inference problem is different from many other sequential Monte Carlo problems, in that there are no state evolution equations, the forward model is highly non‐linear and the likelihoods are non‐Gaussian. The algorithm that is developed can use stored output from complex physics models for more rapid update of the posterior from new data without having to rerun the models. The use of differential evolution Markov chain sampling allows new samples to diverge rapidly from degenerate sample sets. Results for inferences made of atmospheric releases (both real and simulated) of material are presented, demonstrating that the sampling scheme performs adequately despite constraints of a short time span for calculations.


The sea is not quite on the radar of social science. However, things change when the sea and the land touch each other and the sea resonates in living social relations. In some cases, the encounters with the sea take place in the formof embodied imagination processes that bring about productive dissonances. My research aims to unveil the frictions between dissonant embodied imaginations of local citizens and tourists in an exceptional 'landscape of dreams': the post-cosmopolitan port-city of Odessa. In 2008–2010 I carried out field-work with interviews and surveys aimed at comparing the ways maritime imperial legacies were exploited in Trieste and Odessa. After almost a decade, I was back 'in the pearl of the Black Sea' with the intention of carrying out a more in-depth investigation of the relationship between tourism and the exploitation of cosmopolitan memories in this post-socialist port city of Ukraine. My data are a combination of secondary statistics, ethnographicwork, and first-hand qualitative accounts, both audio-visual and interviews, collected from April 2017 to June 2018, here including a two-week period spent in Odessa. After a preliminary elaboration of data, I ampersuaded that the tourist relations in contemporary Odessa are oriented by the double endeavour of both hosts and guests looking for a special relationship with the sea. The sea and the waterside work both as privileged viewpoints for urban spectators (both tourists and residents) and a necessary medium to establish a relationship with the city and its multicultural past. Keywords : Odessa, cosmopolitanism, sea, tourism, urban-scape


The optimal drying conditions for fresh green hot peppers (Capsicum annuum. L) were investigated through hypobaric drying (HB) and hot-air drying (HA). HB was performed at temperature at 35°C, 40°C, 45°C and 45°C after 80% dried at 40°C and HA was performed at 40°C, 50°C, 60°C and 50°C after 80% dried at 50°C. HB offered a lower drying temperature and reduced drying time. The quality of the vivid green color of the dried power was superior for peppers dried at 35 and 40°C through HB and at 40°C and 50°C via HA to others. Considering the drying time, 40°C HB (42 h) and 50°C HA (23 h) were ideal compared to the other six treatments. Through both drying methods, the flesh and seeds of the peppers exhibited more significant brown discoloration with increasing temperature. Epidermis whitening, which is the discoloration of green hot peppers during drying, occurred at a higher rate at lower temperatures, resulting in a lighter green pepper powder through 35°C HB and 40°C HA. The water absorption index increased as the temperature lowered, but the water solubility index did not change. The capsiacinoids concentration did not vary between the powders undergoing 40°C HB and 50°C HA; however, the vitamin C concentration was higher in the powder subjected to 40°C HB.


Magnetic susceptibility data show La2CuO4 to be antiferromagnetic. Oxides of the K2NiF4 structure of the general formula (La1−y Lny)2−x Srx(Bax)CuO4 show superconductivity in the 15-40K range, the Tc becoming maximum at a specific value of x or of the a-parameter. Superconductivity in La3−xBa3+xCu6O14 and La4−xBa1+xCu5O13 systems has been investigated besides that in the Y-Ba-Cu-O system. Role of oxygen in the superconductivity of YBa2Cu3O7−δ is discussed. The problem of rationalizing macro and microstructures of YBa2Cu3O7−δ is indicated. Infrared spectra of the superconducting oxides and their marginal metallicity in the normal state are examined. Based on electron spectroscopic studies, it is shown that holes are likely to be on oxygen rather than on copper, giving rise to peroxide-like species; Copper is present in the 1+ state (besides the 2+ state).


mono-cytes. Amigen penicillin and The patient was seen at weekly intervals in the Out- Patient Department. Cortisone was gradually reduced and finally stopped 65 days after the initial episode. The patient has continued well for 10 months with the exception of an occasional upper respiratory infection and some right upper quadrant pain after working as a cleaning woman. When last seen, 9 months after the initial episode, the cephalin cholesterol flocculation test was still 3+ and the thymol turbidity was slightly elevated.


Based on the characteristics of non-revolving symmetry of the welding pool and the taper-shaped weld beam for the electronic beam welding and other high energy welding, a model of transformable double-ellipse gauss attenuation body heat source with an inflexion point is built to simulate the shape of the weld better, and the transformability of the new source model makes it useful in both high energy welding and usual one. In the building process of the model, a clear function formula is put forward for the frontal and rear energy distribution, besides, the finite element analysis software Marc is used to analyse the simulating results between the new source model and other one, and the new model is approved to be reasonable as well as extensible.


A novel compensation circuit of electrically small antennas is presented, in which a short-circuited transmission line shunted with the antenna is used to realize the broadband matching. Optimizing design scheme is obtained in the premise of ensuring the given VSWR and improving efficiency. The compensation ability of the circuit is discussed in detail by calculating numerically parameters of the whole circuit such as impedance, VSWR, efficiency and gain etc.. This is a general design method for optimizing an electrically small antenna because it does not deal with concrete configuration of antennas.


The invention relates to a method for providing information for the driver of a vehicle. The preferred method comprises determining a cognitive load of the driver, the detecting information to the driver, selecting information based on the determined cognitive load and providing the selected information to the driver.


A pressure free article conveyor in which article supporting rollers and a continuously moving drive belt are spaced apart, article sensing means distributed among the rollers so that the rollers are divided into groups, and means operative between the drive belt and each group of rollers to connect or disconnect the drive belt and rollers without having to move or displace the drive belt. The operative means between the drive belt and the article supporting rollers consists of drive transfer wheel means constantly engaged on belt power take-off roller means, and means responsive to the article sensing means to displace the drive transfer wheel around a portion of the periphery of the power take-off roller means to make and break contact with the article supporting roller.


Goldilocks and the Three Bears Three bears went out of their house, and a naughty little girl pushed open the door and went in. Father bear's porridge was hot, mother bear's was cold, but baby bear's was just right and she ate it. Father bear's chair was high, mother bear's was low, but baby bear's was just right. She sat on it and broke it. Father bear's bed was hard, mother bear's was soft, but baby bear's was just right and she went to sleep. What happened next? Little Red Riding Hood A little girl went into the forest to visit her Grandma. Her mother told her not to stop and play, and not to leave the road. But the little girl met a wolf, told the wolf where she was going, and left the path to pick some flowers. The wolf ran to Grandma's house, ate her, put on one of her nightdresses, and got into Grandma's bed. Does the wolf eat Little Red Riding Hood, too? What happens when Little Red Riding Hood's father finds the wolf?


The research was carried out in the 27 communities of the Abdon Calderon parish. Taking
into account that there is currently a worldwide level, there is a high tendency to illegally traffic
wild species for different reasons, it is necessary to know where this practice arises, for which it
is proposed to perform an "Analysis of wildlife trafficking in the Abdon Calderon parish as an
environmental management tool "whose main objective is to analyze the causes, determine the
local traffic network, identify the most susceptible species and propose strategies for its
conservation. For its fulfillment there is a non-experimental study in a descriptive way, using
field, analytical and statistical methods, in addition, observation and survey techniques were
applied. The application of the questionnaire determined to determine the local traffic network
and with the observations and inventory the most susceptible species were identified. The results
that appear in this practice have the origin in the same parish, obtaining the species in the forests
to keep them in captivity as pets, placing first in the birds with 89% and the species Brotogeris
pyrrhoptera (cachetigris parakeet) as the more susceptible with 21%, which implies a proposal of
strategies based on environmental education. Concluding that the possession of species as pets in
homes is due to the lack of environmental culture and effort to conserve free wildlife in their
environment.


This study aims to understand how women entrepreneurs involved in a succession process as incumbent manage their double identities of entrepreneur and mother, and how these two identities interplay. The paper also aims to reflect on the role of the father in a succession process where the founder is a mother. Two longitudinal case studies - from Italy and Spain - are analysed. In both cases, the main character is a woman who founded a business and recently passed the leadership to her children. Results show that these women were able to effectively manage their double identities with positive effects for the succession process. Moreover, while in a traditional succession process, with a father as founder, the mother acts as mediator between incumbent and successor, in our cases the need for a third actor to act as a mediator disappeared and the fathers had no role because a dyadic mother-children relationship emerged.


Over the last decades several indirect laryngoscopes have been developed to provide a significant better glottic view and improved the success rate in difficult intubations. Some case reports describe the use of indirect laryngoscopes for awake tracheal intubations under preserved spontaneous breathing. However, randomized clinical studies comparing indirect laryngoscopy to the standard of fiberoptic intubation under spontaneous breathing are rare. Therefore, we compared the intubation with the Airtraq® laryngoscope and the Bonfils endoscope, to the standard fiberoptic intubation in patients with an expected difficult intubation under local anesthesia and sedation. 150 patients with an expected difficult intubation were randomized to one of the three devices. All intubation attempts were performed under local anesthesia and sedation. We evaluated success rate, time for intubation and the satisfaction of anesthesiologists and patients. Fiberoptic intubation was significantly more successful (100%) than intubation with an Airtraq® laryngoscope (88%) or the Bonfils endoscope (88%). Time for intubation was quickest with the Airtraq® laryngoscope and significantly shorter than fiberoptic intubation (p=0.044). There was no difference in satisfaction of the anesthesiologists and none of the patients had a negative recall to one of the techniques. An expected difficult intubation can be managed using the Airtraq® laryngoscope or the Bonfils endoscope in 88% and shows the same satisfaction of anesthesiologists and patient. We conclude that these techniques represent an acceptable alternative for an awake tracheal intubation under sedation and preserved spontaneous breathing.


The carotid sinus is a sensory zone where vasomotor, cardiac and respira. tory reflexes arise. The vasomotor and cardiac reflexes have a common afferent pathway; pressure changes within the carotid sinus stimu1at.c stretch receptors in the arterial wall, initiating impulses which are conducted by the carotid sinus nerve to the glossopharyngeal nerve and thencci to the vasomotor and cardiac centers of the medulla. The efferent components of the cardiac portion of the carotid sinus reflex are formed by the vagus and cardioaccelerator nerves which function reciprocally (Heymans, Bouckaert and Regniers, 1933). The efferent arc of the vasomotor portion of the reflex is less clearly defined. The sympathetic vasoconstrictors constitute one important pathway; does the reflex traverse separate vasodilator pathways as well? Reflex vasodilatation of blood vessels has been obtained in sympathectomized regions (Bayliss, 1902; Fofanow and Tschalussow, 1913; Bishop, Heinbecker and O'Leary, 1933). Freeman and Rosenblueth (1931) elicited reflex vasodilator responses in completely sympathectomizcd cats by stimulation of the vago-depressor trunk and various sensory nerves. Rosenblueth and Cannon (1934) concluded that the dilator fibers in the dorsal roots of the spinal nerves were probably the efferent paths of these dilator reflexes observable in sympathectomized cats. The efferent components of the vasomotor reflexes which originate in the arch of the aorta and in the carotid sinuses are supposedly identical. It was thought, therefore, that vasodilator responses might be obtained in completely sympathectomized cats by raising the pressure within an artificially perfused carotid sinus. We believed that such a technique would enable us to elicit possible reflexes by physiological stimulation of sensory endings and would be preferable to direct mechanical or electrical stimulation of nerves. The results reported here were obtained while testing this hypothesis. METHOD. The thoracic and abdominal sympathetic chains of adult cats were removed in two stages by the method of Cannon, Newton,


Background and Study Aims: Helicobacter pylori H. pylori H. pylori H. pylori H. pylori H. pylori Patients and Methods: Results: H. pylori H. pylori H. pylori H. pylori H. pylori Conclusions: H. pylori H. pylori


Objective To identify the role of important mitosis gene CENP-E in aneuploidy formation and tumorigenesis,the expression vectors of CENP-E for RNA interference as pCENP-Es were designed and contructed.Method The interfering sequences of CENP-E were designed according to the sequence of CENP-E in GenBank.Four pairs of oligonucleotides were synthesized and inserted into plasmid pgenesil-1 to generate siRNA expression vector,and were identified by sequence analysis.The recombinant plasmid pCENP-Es and CENP-E expression plasmid pDSRED-Q2-Q3 was cotransfected into the cultured 293T cell line.The interfering eficiency was detected by RT-PCR.Results Four CENP-E siRNA frames were successfully inserted into the plasmid vector pgenesil-1,and the recombinant plasmids were sent to the sequence analysis.The result of RT-PCR indicates that the siRNA expression vector 1 and 4 got the best interfering eficiency as 84.47%.Conclusion The siRNA recombinant can be constructed successfully by RNAi technique for inhibiting CENP-E expression.


In this article, the author explores the need for science education to be taught as a hermeneutic event, as opposed to a book of facts to be memorized. The fragmented, passive transmission of facts does not allow students to have a clear understanding of science, its' traditions and how science lives in the world. By reconnecting biology back into the world and recognizing its creativity and uncertainty will help students understand how science impacts their lives and the world. The author explores how, through hermeneutics, students can experience the living discipline of science, as opposed to learning about science.


In computer vision, object detection is a basic process for advanced procedure forms such as object detecting, analyzing, tracking, etc., for further processes, features extraction play a vital part to identify the objects accurately. Most of the existing frameworks may not be able to distinguish the objects appropriately when different objects have a place to a single frame. In this work, an automatic detection and recognition system of two-dimensional geometric shapes have been proposed. Firstly applied Genetic Algorithm (GA) to fill the shape after performing proper segmentation pre-processing method. The proposed framework is able of identifying numerous objects in the input image, determining the sort of the identified object, and labeled the recognized objects. Statistical method has been applied for each shape to extract the objects corners' points by calculating the largest boundary to form the features vector. Ultimately, the identified objects are classified as geometrical shapes such as square, rectangular, triangular, or circular. The proposed method achieved high accuracy around 98.3%, and an average computational time 0.521 sec. as an effective classification technique.


In this article, first of all, information was given about history of theology faculties degree programs in Turkey and also information was given about curriculum of theology faculties in Spain, Bosnia and Herzegovina, The Netherlands, Belgium and Germany. The views of students of Faculy of Theology about curricum are presented. At last some proposals are suggested about curriculum of Theology


Due to the strong correlation between symmetric frames, video signals have a high degree of temporal redundancy. Motion estimation techniques are computationally expensive and time-consuming processes used in symmetric video compression to reduce temporal redundancy. The block-matching technique is, on the other hand, the most popular and efficient of the different motion estimation and compensation techniques. Motion compensation based on the block-matching technique generally uses the minimization of either the mean square error (MSE) or mean absolute difference (MAD) in order to find the appropriate motion vector. This paper proposes to remove the highly temporally redundant information contained in each block of the video signal using the removing temporal redundancy (RTR) technique in order to improve the data rate and efficiency of the video signal. A comparison between the PSNR values of this technique and those of the JPEG video compression standard is made. As a result of its moderate memory and computation requirements, the algorithm was found to be suitable for mobile networks and embedded devices. Based on a detailed set of testing scenarios and the obtained results, it is evident that the RTR compression technique allowed a compression ratio of 22.71 and 95% loss in bit rate reduction while maintaining sufficient intact signal quality with minimized information loss.


This paper considers the observers design for continuous-time singular fractional-order systems. The approach is based on the generalized Sylvester equations solutions. The conditions for the existence of these observers are given and sufficient conditions for their stability are derived in terms of linear matrix inequalities formulation.


20th century, common quince was considered not winter-hardy enough for the environments of the North-West of Russia. Cydonia oblonga Mill. was for the first time mentioned in the Catalogues of the Peter the Great Botanical Garden in 1793. It has been always present in the Garden's modern collection since 1949. The first flowering of common quince was noted in the late 1970s (after 20 years of cultivation), and in 2014 the first fruiting was recorded (65-year-old plants). The study of the quality of seeds has shown that in St. Petersburg's conditions they develop and almost ripen. However, for the time being the quality of seeds is insufficient to obtain seed reproduction. To increase seed quality cross-pollination is necessary. In North-Western Russia, quince has never been regarded as promising even for amateur cultivation, but it may become promising in case of further warming of the climate. Common quince is highly ornamental during its flowering period. It blossoms from late April to early May.


Drug abuse is becoming increasing problem in Nigeria. A number of recent studies suggest that almost all Nigerian youths are involved in drugs trafficking/abuse particularly alcohol and nicotine. The major concern is that the number of these youths make it an habit, jeopardizing their own health and safety which in turn create difficulties for their families and the public at large. This study examined the significant difference that exist between the four (4) types of narcotic drugs seized and destroyed by NDLEA per kilogram for the period of 2004-2016, and to specifically know the types of drugs that is more trafficked/abuse in Nigeria in order to proffer a lasting solution. The data obtained were analysed using two ways ANOVA for significance differences and multiple comparisons of means using SPSS version 20. The results of the study reveal that the means of these drugs (Cannabis, Cocaine, Heroin and others) differ significantly and based on the findings cannabis (hemp) demonstrate highest followed by others, cocaine and heroin. The trafficking/abuse of cannabis which is locally done in Nigeria keep on increasing almost every year, most especially in year 2015, the year with the highest cases of drugs abuse compare to the rest of the years. Nigeria as a country will continue to face a growing cases and problems related to drugs trafficking/abuse if adequate measures are not put in place to curtail the menace of such illicit drugs. The researcher offers recommendations that adequate awareness program on the negative consequences of drugs that are prohibited, provision of conventional job opportunities, and orientation program for personnel of law enforcement agents should be made on a constant basis. NDLEA: Law Enforcement Agency; ANOVA:


In this paper we study a novel relation extraction problem where a general relation type is defined but relation extraction involves extracting specific relation descriptors from text. This new task can be treated as a sequence labeling problem. Although linear-chain conditional random fields (CRFs) can be used to solve this problem, we modify this baseline solution in order to better fit our task. We propose two modifications to linear-chain CRFs, namely, reducing the space of possible label sequences and introducing long-range features. Both modifications are based on some special properties of our task. Using two data sets we have annotated, we evaluate our methods and find that both modifications to linear-chain CRFs can significantly improve the performance for our task.


The objectives of this project are to develop (1) a highly efficient biogas generation system co-digesting high strength organic waste, such as food waste, livestock waste, sewage sludge, and producing biogas using the waste, (2) treating processes, monitoring and operating technologies for the system, (3) a water treatment process for treating digested fluid and odor from the whole system, (4) a full-scale commercial plant for the system. In the first stage of this project, the best system with optimum processes was established and the mass balance and basic design factors of the whole system were described in this report.


The assessment of manufactured surfaces by coordinate metrology techniques has changed in recent years. Speed, accuracy and flexibility have all improved with the introduction of coordinate measuring machines (CMM). However, some technical problems have yet to be solved, in particular those pertaining to free-form surfaces. This paper considers the influence of surface features and probe tip geometry on the assessment of free-form surfaces. Inaccurate measurements due to the problems of probe tip diameter and undulating surface curvature have been investigated, and a simple mathematical compensation technique for different probe diameters and an adaptive measuring point planning strategy have been developed. Experimental data confirm that the measuring errors are significantly reduced when the probe tip diameter compensation approach is used. The problems of machined surface measurement have also been considered and a method, namely least-squares data fitting, is proposed to give a better qualifying technique for the cusped surfaces. This new technique has been implemented and the results from the case study indicate that the least-squares method can give a more precise representation of the quality of a machined surface than standard statistical measurement systems. Experimentation also indicates that the results of the least-squares data fitting method are consistent with the CMM computed values, which verifies the reliability of the method.


A numerous of literature suggested the dynamic structure of tariffs levied on natural resources imported, however, they did not examined in detail the relation between the scarcity rent associated with natural resources exploitation and importing tariffs levied. In this sense, this paper tries to identify how the scarcity rent associated with fish exploitation has an impact on the tariff levied on fishery resources imported. For this purpose, we adopted Stackelberg differential game modeling approach, in which the importing country has a market power and the exporting country is in competition. We identified the scale of the scarcity rent associated with fish exploitation, and also observed that it consists of the scarcity effect and cost effect On the basis of these results, we suggest significantly that the importing country has to impose dynamically inconsistent tariffs on fishery resources imported, which is irrespective of whether or not the cost of fish exploitation is dependent on the stock of fish.


One of the central goals of the Canadian Century Research Infrastructure (CCRI) is to construct a series of contextual databases related to the making and taking of the Canadian decennial censuses during the first half of the twentieth century. These "data on the data" will provide researchers with the evidence necessary to undertake informed and critical analysis of the making, taking, and reception of the census within its historical context. The authors focus on the contextual databases that outline conceptual and practical considerations involved in the collection and construction of two contextual data sources: newspapers and political debates. Drawing on two sets of examples related to the political stakes of the 1911 census, they illustrate more concretely how these "data on the data" can be used. Whereas the microdata derived from census manuscripts will enable research into the hidden history of the individual lives of Canadians, the contextual data will make possible inquiries about the making and interpreting of that data and the challenges of the great enumerations of contemporary history.


With maturation of ubiquitous computing technology, it has become feasible to design new systems to improve our urban life. In this paper, we introduce a new application for car navigation in a city. Every car navigation system in operation today has the current position of the vehicle, the destination, and the currently chosen route to the destination. If vehicles in a city could share this information, they could use traffic information to globally plan semi-optimal routes for each vehicle. Thus, we propose a cooperative car navigation system with route information sharing (RIS). In the RIS system, each vehicle transmits route information (current position, destination, and route to the destination) to a route information server, which estimates future traffic congestion using this information and feeds its estimate back to each vehicle. Each vehicle uses the estimation to re-plan their route. This cycle is then repeated. Our multiagent simulation confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed RIS system. The average travel time of drivers using the RIS system is substantially shorter than the time of drivers who chose shortest distance or simple shortest time estimates. Moreover, as the number of RIS users increases, the total amount of traffic congestion in the city decreases.


Summary: The corrected sedimentation coefficients, expressed as (S
20,w)0, of ribosomes from nine different yeasts, representing a wide taxonomic range, were found to be 51·5 ± 2·4, 68·6 ± 3·3 and 86·7 ± 2·9 x 10-13 sec. Very small quantities of a faster (approximately 128 x 10-13 sec.) and a slower particle were sometimes detected. Yeast ribosomes have thus sedimentation coefficients which are distinctly different from bacterial ribosomes.


"There is nothing unchangeable in the world, Only variability is unchangeable." Albert Einstein According to ancient Greek philosophers, philosophy is the loveofwisdom that hoists human consciousness, where, through reason, meanings of unknowns are distinguished and attested. The science of philosophy realizes the general recognition of the world's existence. As an early science in critical thinking, itdeveloped the progressive performance of intellectual knowledge in man, by summarizing a set of unified principles about recognition, where through the reason dictates the concepts on society and nature as a change and overall knowledge of the world and nature laws. Philosophers consider the opinion as an intellectual property that helps us find answers and solutions to the important questions ad problemssuch as: "If you are not a man who thinks, then what kind of man are you?", or "Are we what we think?". Thinking is characterized not only by the study of visible objects as symbols, but also by the treatment of hypotheses for the acquisition of more accurate knowledge of various scientific disciplines. It was Plato, who unveiled the thought as a special feature of the thinkers who brought the necessary changes in society. While Descartes declared that he doubted everything, butonly for one thing, - he said, - I do not doubt: That I think! The thought that arises and emanates from the self is the origin of the goals and the vision about the surroundinguniverse. It is a reference to the mind, which is based on experience, on the meaning of things and on the manner how we perceive phenomena and occurrences of society and nature. Thus, human activity is directly associated with his thoughts embedded in the psyche and experienced until the transformation of them intomentalities and habits, under which it operates. The path described up to present days, but also the one expected to be described tomorrow is the product of the ideas of human society.


An approach is presented to compute properties of excited states in path integral Monte Carlo simulations of quantum systems. The approach is based on the introduction of several images of the studied system which have the total wavefunction antisymmetric over permutations of these images, and a simulation of the whole system at low enough temperature. The success of the approach relies, however, on the solution of the sign problem for the corresponding system. In the cases when the sign problem may be resolved (as for fermions in one dimension), properties of excited states can be computed with high precision. This was demonstrated by a simulation of excited states of a single particle in one- and two-dimensional harmonic oscillators. An example of the simulation of excited states of several interacting electrons in one dimension is also given.


The rate of recession of the Laurentide Ice Sheet across Maine during Late Wisconsinan time is actively debated. Ice receding from the Gulf of Maine reached the position of the present coast and deposited Pond Ridge Moraine in approximately 90 meters of water. The time of aggradation is bracketed by molluscs preserved in marine clay that is interbedded with subaqueous outwash at 13,810 [plus minus] 90 (Nucula tenuis expansa). Molluscs in marine clay draping over the moraine at 13,370 [plus minus] 90 (Portlandia arctica) indicate ice withdrawal by this time. By 13,290 [plus minus] 85 the ice margin was at or beyond the marine limit near Gould Pond, Maine. These A.M.S. carbon 14 dates on marine macrofossils along this 130 kilometer transect from eastern coastal Maine to the inland marine limit yield an overall retreat rate of 212 flow-line meters per year. The marine transgression ended as land level rise exceeded sea level rise. The shoreline regressed to the present coast by 12,425 [plus minus] 110 as dated by Mytilus edulis deposited under washover fans on top of Pond Ridge Moraine. Core and X-ray logging, loss-on-ignition, and mollusc facies from six lake cores identify the basic stratigraphic framework along themore » 130 kilometer transect. Lithofacies are divided into two broad groups: intramorainal and intermorainal. Intramorainal lithofacies are further divided into vertical sequences of the distal and proximal moraine and also the complete cross section. Most of the 40 kilometer wide coastal morain belt is marked by intermorainal, ice distal, fossiliferous, thick deposits of laminated silty clays. Four facies describe the intermorainal stratigraphy: compact diamicton, a sparsely fossiliferous dropstone rich mud, highly fossiliferous laminated silty clays, and a cap of open-work, crudely-bedded pebble gravel.« less


The image processing device includes a three-dimensional image data input unit for entering three-dimensional image data representing a three-dimensional image, a subject extractor for extracting a subject from the three-dimensional image data, a spatial vector calculator for calculating a spatial vector of the subject from a plurality of planar image data having different viewpoints contained in the three-dimensional image data, and a three-dimensional image data recorder for recording the spatial vector and the three-dimensional image data in association with each other.


To ascertain whether self-reported anxious symptoms differentiated elderly (≥ 60 years old) medical and psychiatric outpatients, the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) was administered to 45 medical outpatients without psychiatric disorders and 117 psychiatric outpatients with mixed DSM-III-R disorders. The coefficient alphas of the BAI for the medical and psychiatric outpatients were 0.86 and 0.90, respectively. The mean BAI score (19.19, SD = 11.71) of the psychiatric outpatients was approximately 2.7 times higher than that (7.20, SD = 6.68) of the medical outpatients. Although the means for 15 of the 21 BAI symptoms were significantly lower in the medical outpatients than in the psychiatric outpatients, a stepwise discriminant-function analysis indicated that only two symptoms—fear of the worst happening and unsteady—contributed unique variance to the differentiation of the two groups. The results are discussed as supporting the use of the BAI with elderly outpatients.


This article studies the impact of regional trade agreements (RTAs) on changes in China's foreign direct investment (FDI) inflow. A modified gravity model is adopted in the empirical analysis, using FDI inflow as a dependent variable, and home-country factors, host-country factors, and bilateral linkage factors (including RTA variables) as determinants. The article analyzes a set of home countries investing in a group of host countries using pooled data. It models China's FDI inflow from a set of home countries as a special case, using panel data regression with country fixed effects. Time series data are differenced once to eliminate a nonstationary data problem. The results indicate that the formation and implementation of RTAs is an important determinant of FDI inflow in some cases. Membership in APEC stimulates China to attract more FDI from non-APEC countries.


Abstract : Policies, procedures, and rules were developed for the Department of Defense which will direct and guide the Miltiary Services to program and account for military manpower in a consistent manner. The study provides a means of achieving uniform treatment of nonavailable manpower as portrayed in the Individuals accounts. The study effort had the overall objective of providing a standardized methodology to achieve cross-service consistency in applying nonavailable manpower; in computing manpower requirements; classifying strength in the Individuals category; and accounting for other areas of inconsistency. A draft of the Department of Defense Instruction which implements the proposed rules is included. The report also includes recommended changes to the DoD program element and resource identification code (RIC) definitions that apply to transients, personnel holding account, trainees, and students, as well as a new RIC for officer accession students.


Natural water and sediment amount in the Yellow River basin has decreased sharply since 1990s,therefore the causes of forming such a phenomenon should be studied in order to evaluate more comprehensively water and sediment amount hereafter in the Yellow River.After comparing and analyzing the actual measurement data on rainstorm,flood,sediment over the years at some river sections recently,the reduction of water and sediment amount was considered to not only connect with the rapid development of water conservancy and water conservation measures in the middle reaches of the Yellow River in recent years,the human activities,e.g.the mining activities in some tributaries which cut groundwater,but also connect with the decreasing of rainstorm and heavy rainstorm magnitudes and frequencies in middle reaches recently.The water and sediment of the Yellow River generally appears the regulations of wet,normal,dry periods,so rainstorms with high intensities can probably happen from now on,some years with high floodwater and huge sediment should be added during the Yellow River planning and engineering designing besides taking into consideration the sediment decreasing functions of water conservancy and water conservation measures,which makes the basin planning and engineering designing based on safe and reliable foundation and also relates to the guiding ideologies and strategic arrangements of the Yellow River harnessing planning.


Trends in Midwestern State Business Incentives By Jennifer Burnett [1] Saturday, July 13, 2013 at 02:23 PM Since the Great Recession began, states have faced high levels of unemployment, an increased demand for safety net services and a volatile revenue base. Although the past two years have brought some improvements, the number one question on state policymakers' minds continues to be this: What can we do to encourage job growth? Executive Summary Traditionally, a key policy lever for development and job creation strategies was—and remains—tax and financial incentive programs designed to encourage new firms to start up or existing firms to grow or relocate. This report takes a look at trends in the type and number of incentive programs being used by states in the Midwest, and includes a brief review of economic trends, including an evaluation of employment, unemployment and gross domestic product. A profile for each of the 11 Midwestern states—highlighting certain incentive and development programs, oversight and accountability measures and recent legislative activity—also is provided. The descriptive information included in each profile was gathered from a review of state economic development agency and division websites and a survey of agency staff.


This thesis presents the design and implementation of a mind or mental architecture for a machine to autonomously learn, analyze and synthesize natural language. The machine mind consists of mental processes and organized memory, and interaction between them creates the phenomenon of text understanding. The organized memory is the key component for the text understanding and it is a machine's brain memory, in which modeling of physical world and conceptual world elements are represented. The implemented system is named KnowNet, and it learns and understands spatial language. A new direction is taken to model the spatial language in a deterministic way using entities properties and their interactions. The spatial words such as on, in, over, under, above, below, inside, outside, behind, in front of, back, front, left, right, beside, between, among, near and far are modeled and learned. The spatial concepts are learned through modeling the entities and their interactions. In contrast, current works use collocation information of words to learn the spatial concepts. Initially, sixty entities are learned by KnowNet. Only twenty five entities were needed to learn the above spatial concepts. The rigid body statics model takes the entities and constraints sequence as the input and then constructs the configuration network. It is also used to determine and verify the meaning of the sentences. The sentence generation experiments and different types of I ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library


137 Background: Prior studies indicate that Black patients with cancer are more likely to receive aggressive EOL care, including chemotherapy within 14 days (d) prior to death. However, most studies are limited to specific subgroups, and it is unclear if disparities remain in the immunotherapy era. In this study, we evaluated racial differences in systemic oncologic EOL treatment among a national all-payer cohort of patients treated in routine practice. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study utilizing data from the nationwide Flatiron Health electronic health record (EHR)-derived de-identified database. Patients with confirmed cancer diagnosis, with documented treatment on or after 1/1/2011 and who died between 2015 and 2019, were included. Patients with documented race of White or Black or African American were included. We defined our outcome measures as receipt of any systemic oncologic treatment within 30d or 14d prior to death, and also stratified by mono-chemotherapy (Chemo) and immunotherapy ± targeted therapy (ICI). We used mixed-level logistic regression models to assess the likelihood of receiving each treatment, compared to patients without any EOL treatment, between Black and White patients, adjusted for patient- and practice-level characteristics as fixed effects and a practice-specific random intercept. Race-specific adjusted rates were estimated using stratified analysis. Results: A total of 40,675 White and 5,150 Black patients were included in the analysis. Compared to White patients, Black patients were younger at diagnosis, were more likely to be female and have Medicaid coverage. Black patients were more likely to be treated at practices with higher patient-to-physician ratio (25.8% in highest quintile vs. 18.7%) and with a high proportion (> 10%) of patients with Medicaid (38.1% vs. 31.6%). Compared to White patients within the same practice, Black patients were less likely to receive any EOL treatment within 30d (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.81-0.93) or 14d (aOR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.80-0.96). Adjusted rates of any EOL treatment within 30d prior to death were 33.8% and 37.6% among Black and White patients, respectively. When stratified by treatment types, Black patients were less likely to receive ICI within 30d prior to death, compared to White patients (aOR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.76-1.00). Conclusions: Our findings differ from prior studies of oncologic EOL care and suggest that in contemporary practice Black patients are less likely to receive anti-cancer therapy near EOL, largely driven by lower rates of ICI use. Future research should investigate the complex causal pathway underlying observed racial differences among patient and practice-level factors.


A phase-locked loop is combined with a highly selective bandpass filter in such a way that a steady-state single-frequency signal is extracted from a spectrum. The system goal is to maintain the phase of the wave irrespective of the actual signal frequency. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons. Inc.


The invention discloses an application of biofortified cell nutrient in preparing anti-aging functional foods. Experiments show that the biofortified cell nutrient contains nutrients such as various nucleic acids which can be easily absorbed by Caenorhabditis elegans, polypeptide, various amino acids, vitamins and trace elements, does not contain alcohol, and has no toxic and side effects on Caenorhabditis elegans. Caenorhabditis elegans model which is recognized by scientific community proves that the biofortified cell nutrient can prolong the life of Caenorhabditis elegans, promote the growth and development of Caenorhabditis elegans, resist ultraviolet radiation, promote egg production of Caenorhabditis elegans, antagonize the ovulation inhibition medicine FUDR and increase the survival rate of Caenorhabditis elegans under the 35 DEG C oxidation stress condition, and thus the anti-aging ability of Caenorhabditis elegans is improved by biofortified cell nutrient.


This paper presents a discussion and analysis about the construction of the meanings of real in the 1999 Brazilian documentary News from a Private War (Noticias de uma guerra particular), directed by Joao Moreira Salles and Katia Lund. To deal with such project, I bring a theoretical framework that articulates the journalistic and documentary fields, and I search for reference in image/cinema theories. The methodological scheme used for the proposed analysis is the French Discourse Analysis. This small research works on two main axes of meanings: the real of the registration and the real of the registered. The axes are on the discursive formations that guide the analysis presented here, and also serve as hypotheses for the research problem.


Due to the nature of their work, healthcare providers working in pediatric settings may be especially vulnerable to experiencing negative consequences of compassion fatigue and burnout. Pediatric healthcare providers often work long hours in the hospital to manage children with acute and chronic medical concerns. Within this setting, unpredictable outcomes and potential for death when caring for this fragile population may contribute to short-and long-term effects on not only caregivers but also healthcare providers. Healthcare providers typically work on an interdisciplinary team within the pediatric hospital setting which can include medical doctors, nurses, social workers, psychologists, psychiatrists, and child life specialists. Providers come from a variety of academic and training backgrounds which may have different approaches with regard to managing challenges that arise in response to providing care for such a medically fragile population. The present study sought to examine healthcare providers' experiences of compassion fatigue and burnout as factors related to working in pediatric settings. Additionally, this study sought to understand health care providers' self-care practices as well as the barriers they encounter in attending to their mental health. Interviews with nine healthcare providers yielded six emerging themes. The themes included: (1) attitudes and awareness, (2) barriers to self-care, (3) impact on work/personal life, (4) coping strategies, (5) lack of systemic measures and resources, and (6) promotion of self-care in the workplace. The emerging themes expressed by the participants provide insight into their perceptions and experiences of compassion fatigue and burnout. Findings have clinical implications with regard to enhancing support of pediatric healthcare providers and provide justification for increased research with this population. A THEMATIC APPROACH WITH PEDIATRIC PROVIDERS 5 A Thematic Approach to Understanding Compassion Fatigue, Burnout, and Barriers to Self-Care in Pediatric Healthcare Providers of Medically-Ill Children "There is a cost to caring. Professionals who listen to clients' stories of fear, pain and suffering may feel similar fear, pain and suffering because they care" (Figley, 1995, p. 1). Compassion fatigue (CF) and burnout (BO) are widely used terms in healthcare, and a significant number of studies have surfaced over the past decade indicating that these issues affect health care providers across various disciplines. Although many studies exist on these topics (Austin et al., 2009; Meyer et al. 2016; Robins et al., 2009), few explore the various ways in which pediatric providers working with medically-ill children experience CF and BO and how these concerns may manifest across disciplines. Quantitative research has provided a relatively robust foundation for understanding the prevalence and risk factors for CF and BO among healthcare providers in a variety of settings and who work with a number of different populations (Branch & Klinkenberg, 2002; Maytum et al., 2010). Existing studies identify the need for greater staff and provider awareness and education surrounding these concepts (Meadors & Lamson, 2008; Figley, 2002; Austin et al., 2009), as this information may help reduce CF and BO and their associated consequences. There also remains a need for understanding risk factors of developing CF and BO among providers who work in interdisciplinary settings, and in particular, with medically-ill children. Pediatric healthcare providers working with medically-ill children are frequently exposed to treating challenging, complex diagnoses and may even face the loss of patients during their career. Due to the nature of the work, the compassion needed to serve this population, and the toll it takes on the individual, additional qualitative research is necessary to seek to understand the experiences, A THEMATIC APPROACH WITH PEDIATRIC PROVIDERS 6 impact and potential barriers to self-care that may arise for pediatric healthcare providers. The current study utilized a qualitative approach to build upon data from existing studies by examining various healthcare providers' awareness of, experiences with, and coping strategies in response to CF and BO occurring in their work with medically-ill children. The current study also sought to identify potential barriers for self-care across disciplines and understand reasons for variation. Lastly, this research has attempted to identify useful strategies that providers use or recommend to promote awareness and prevention/treatment of CF and BO within various disciplines that are responsible for the care and treatment of medically-ill children. Literature Review This purpose of this literature review is to understand the concepts, impact, and barriers to intervention surrounding Compassion Fatigue (CF) and Burnout (BO), specifically within pediatric healthcare providers. First, this review will define CF and BO as they were conceptualized in this study and contrast these terms to other related constructs which are sometimes used interchangeably with CF and/or BO. I will also discuss the role that CF and BO play in the experiences of pediatric healthcare providers and highlight gaps in the literature surrounding interdisciplinary healthcare teams working with medically-ill children. Definition of Terms The literature that describes phenomena experienced by healthcare providers whose work can present challenging and sometimes traumatic scenarios employs many terms to describe these experiences. This section will define and differentiate a few of the common terms that are often used interchangeably; namely, CF, BO, secondary traumatic stress (STS), and vicarious trauma (VT). Additionally, self-care will be defined to aid in the understanding of CF and its effects specifically for interdisciplinary pediatric providers. The study focused on exploring an A THEMATIC APPROACH WITH PEDIATRIC PROVIDERS 7 in-depth understanding of and concrete identification of CF and BO, as these terms are frequently used within the literature on healthcare providers. CF is defined as "a state of exhaustion and dysfunction (biologically, psychologically and socially) as a result of prolonged exposure to compassion stress" (Figley, 1995, p. 253). Historically, CF was used to describe "public weariness" which resulted in a decrease in of empathy towards social issues/crises (Austin et al., 2009, p. 196). However, according to Austin et al. (2009), the term shifted to describe health care providers' lack or loss of empathy and compassion for clients in healthcare settings. The authors described a shift that occurred in the 1990s when health professionals started to utilize CF to describe the "cost of caring" or the emotional toll which resulted when health care providers were emotionally connected and empathic with their patients (Austin et al., 2009, p. 196). Additionally, Figley (2002) described a continuum along which CF occurs, affecting cognitive, emotional, personal, behavioral, somatic, work performance and spiritual domains of life. A similar, but distinct term, BO, is defined as "a defensive response to prolonged occupational exposure to demanding interpersonal situations that produce psychological strain and provide inadequate support" (Jenkins & Baird, 2002, p.424). The term BO is very closely associated with the "erosion of a positive psychological state" (Schaufeli et al., 2008; p 204). BO is often used interchangeably with CF, but they are in fact two separate terms, and Schaufeli et al. (2008) sought to define the term independently of CF: As a metaphor for the draining of energy, BO refers to the smothering of a fire or the extinguishing of a candle. It implies that once a fire was burning but the fire cannot continue burning brightly unless there are sufficient resources that keep being replenished (p. 205). A THEMATIC APPROACH WITH PEDIATRIC PROVIDERS 8 Definitions of BO vary across countries; where some describe BO as a medical diagnosis, and others identify it as a non-stigmatized and accepted label. Other countries, such as the United States, varies in context from where it embeds BO "across several broad social, economic, and cultural developments" (Schaufeli et al., 2009, p. 206). According to Schaufeli et al. (2009), the term BO varies in both culture and context. It is important to view and investigate CF and BO as separate constructs, as the literature states that CF is not interchangeable with, but instead, a precursor to BO. With awareness and prevention or reduction of CF, BO may in turn be reduced. Secondary traumatic stress (STS) and vicarious trauma are other terms that are similar to CF and BO but have identifiable differences. STS is defined as both the symptoms and emotional responses to the indirect exposure of trauma surrounding the work with an individual experiencing trauma (Cieslak et al., 2013; Robins et al., 2009). Although in earlier studies, STS was thought to be synonymous with CF, more recent literature has separated the two terms. There appears to be some overlap between the two constructs, but there are identifiable conceptual differences (Jenkins & Baird, 2002). STS refers to the symptoms and responses from working with individuals who have experienced trauma which provides some overlap with CF, but more closely relates to the concept of posttraumatic stress disorder (Figley, 1995). Not all individuals who experience CF have necessarily worked with individuals who have experienced trauma. Vicarious trauma is another term that studies have used interchangeably with STS, however, this is referring to the "cumulative process" in which a provider experiences the client's traumatic material through their own inner experience (Robins et al., 2009). A THEMATIC APPROACH WITH PEDIATRIC PROVIDERS 9 Self-care is an important concept within the literature and can be one way to alleviate symptoms of CF and BO. Self-ca


Issue 29 / May 2016 Insouciant Monster Women It's Time for Action (There's No Option) was the title Yoko Ono gave a pop song she recorded in 2000, in which she called everyone to action: Every day – any way. The song reflects her life's motto: not to remain in the present or the past, but to look forward. Ono became famous as an artist, musician, and then as the wife of John Lennon, and in all roles she flouted socially constructed role models of the 1960s and 1970s. She has never spoken explicitly about the role of women or equal opportunities, but instead lives out hert notion of feminine identity with every breath of her body. She has approached the theme directly in many of her works. Her most famous work, Cut Piece (1965), was a performance in which visitors, bit by bit, cut pieces of her clothing away with a pair of scissors, right down to the bra. It was a voyeuristic act—afflicted by the gaze on her body and her facial expression— which focused in an exemplary manner on the object-emphasized nature of woman, proceeding to the very limits of pain. Her 1969 film Rape is a similar work, shot in collaboration with John Lennon. Here, the camera follows a young woman who at first flirts with the camera, but shortly after becomes irritated and maddened, and finally crumbles into hysterical panic, reduced to a threatened animal in the corner. In her private as well as her public life, Ono does not care one jot for the conventions and expectations that surround her being a woman, married or otherwise. She intervenes in all kinds of situations, whether political or artistic. She is a solo warrior of the view that speaking in public about her position as a woman implies admitting woman's inferiority in the system. To ignore it and simply take her rights for granted makes far greater sense to her. But even today transgressions of existing codes of social behaviour are punished by isolation and sometimes ostracism, in her case evidenced most famously by the fact that she has been demonized by so many for the breakup of the Beatles.


The study of public bureaucracies or public administration has long been the preserve of political scientists, and has formed a sub-speciality within their field. The present work is devoted to a synthesis of analytical or sociological literature on this subject and inevitably overlaps with the concerns of this neighbouring discipline. However, in the mid-1970s, it appears appropriate to draw together a growing body of work, whether based in Political Science or Sociology, which eschews a descriptive or normative approach to its subject matter and is basically oriented by a sociological or analytical perspective. The tools of this body of work are traditionally sociological but, as Allardt has suggested, (6, p.12)'... are used today in most social science'. However, the overarching concern is with explaining, analysing and inserting data within a wide theoretical framework, rather than with emphasizing the legal and normative aspects of the functioning of public bureaucracies. Given that a specialized field of Sociology devoted to the study of public bureaucracies has yet to gain acceptance, this Trend Report is concerned with a topic that has no specific parameters or strong competing theoretical paradigms and cannot build on a long tradition of research. Accordingly, the main task of the Report is viewed as


Background: Although pesticide use is widespread, the possible effect of early-life exposure to organophosphate (OP) on pediatric respiratory health is not well described. Objectives: We investigated the relationship between early-life exposure to OPs and respiratory outcomes. Methods: Participants included 359 mothers and children from the CHAMACOS birth cohort. Dialkyl phosphate (DAP) metabolites of OP pesticides, specifically diethyl (DE) and dimethyl (DM) phosphate metabolites, were measured in urine from mothers twice during pregnancy (mean = 13 and 26 weeks gestation) and from children five times during childhood (0.5–5 years). Childhood DAP concentrations were estimated by the area under curve (AUC). Mothers reported their child's respiratory symptoms at 5 and 7 years of age. We used generalized estimating equations (GEE) to examine associations of prenatal and childhood DAP concentrations with repeated measures of respiratory symptoms and exercise-induced coughing at 5 and 7 years of age, adjusting for child's sex and age, maternal smoking during pregnancy, secondhand tobacco smoke, season of birth, PM2.5, breastfeeding, mold and cockroaches in home, and distance from highway. Results: Higher prenatal DAP concentrations, particularly DE, were nonsignificantly associated with respiratory symptoms in the previous 12 months at 5 or 7 years of age [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) per 10-fold increase = 1.44; 95% CI: 0.98, 2.12]. This association was strongest with total DAP and DE from the second half of pregnancy (aOR per 10-fold increase = 1.77; 95% CI: 1.06, 2.95; and 1.61; 95% CI: 1.08, 2.39, respectively). Childhood DAP, DE, and DM concentrations were associated with respiratory symptoms and exercise-induced coughing in the previous 12 months at 5 or 7 years of age (total DAPs: aOR per 10-fold increase = 2.53; 95% CI: 1.32, 4.86; and aOR = 5.40; 95% CI: 2.10, 13.91, respectively). Conclusions: Early-life exposure to OP pesticides was associated with respiratory symptoms consistent with possible asthma in childhood. Citation: Raanan R, Harley KG, Balmes JR, Bradman A, Lipsett M, Eskenazi B. 2015. Early-life exposure to organophosphate pesticides and pediatric respiratory symptoms in the CHAMACOS cohort. Environ Health Perspect 123:179–185; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1408235


Ion transfer across the electrically charged interface of two immiscible electrolytes has been employed for the amperometric detection of ions in capillary zone electrophoresis (CE). The method is inherently selective to hydrophobic ions, which are characterized by a low standard Gibbs energy of partition between the aqueous CE buffer solution and 2-nitrophenyl n-octyl ether employed as organic phase. The applicability of this detection scheme for nonredox ions is demonstrated by means of the cations choline and acetylcholine and by some alkyl and aryl sulfate and sulfonate anions. The response of the detector is sufficiently fast; no additional peak broadening has been observed. Plate numbers of 100 000(170 000 m -1 ) were determined for the quickly migrating choline cation. It is shown that the use of buffer modifiers such as organic solvent additives, cyclodextrins, and polyelectrolytes is compatible with the detector within certain boundaries. The limit of detection was ∼ 1 μM for the ions tested.


Abstract This paper reviews the results of a large scale Monte Carlo simulation for the dynamics of a supercooled polymer melt. The dynamics of the melt was studied by means of the time evolution of the incoherent intermediate scattering function φs q(t), which was monitored over seven decades in time. In an intermediate time window it is possible to describe the decay of φs q(t) quantitatively in the framework of mode-coupling theory, provided the extended version of the theory is used.


The role and responsibilities of independent directors of listed funds are presented. Directors need to evaluate the importance of disclosing sensitive and inside information related to the fund.


Generalizing the case of the Toeplitz algebra by Brake and Winter, we prove that the nuclear dimension of a C*-algebra extension of C(X) by the compact operators is equal to the dimension of X.


This paper describes our proposed building extraction method in DeepGlobe - CVPR 2018 Satellite Challenge. We proposed a semantic segmentation and ensemble learning based building extraction method for high resolution satellite images. Several public GIS map datasets were utilized through combining with the multispectral WorldView- 3 satellite image datasets for improving the building extraction results. Our proposed method achieves the overall prediction score of 0.701 on the test dataset in DeepGlobe Building Extraction Challenge.


Clinical sheep, regardless of whether they were treated with DEX or not, showed motor symptoms (tremors, ataxia, incoordination and prostration) likely associated with deep affectation of the cerebellum, as well as pruritus in most cases. Table 1 shows the main clinical signs developed by each clinical sheep during the experiment. Control sheep did not present any of the key features of scrapie throughout the time of the experiment in any cases.


High frequency flood and drought,severe scarcity of water resources and irrational development occur in North Huaihe River Area of Anhui Province.According to the differences of nature condition,precipitation,soil,hydrogeologic conditions,water resources condition,agriculture production characteristic, social and economic condition,three research areas,north section,central section and south section,are plotted out.Regulation modes of farmland water resources are laid out.Storage water is main and supplement water is promoted by storage in north section.In central section,storage water and discharge water are given attention to two or more things,supplement water and discharge water are planned as a whole,storage water is main and discharge water is within measure.In south section,discharge water is mostly,storage water,water diversion and water raising are united,flood,water logging and drought are improved comprehensively.These results are important worth for its progress of irrigation and drainage.


Background: One of the most serious complications of congenital heart diseases (CHD) is heart failure. Salbutamol is used as a front line in the treatment. Nebulized furosemide have been reported to be have good benefits of the clinical outcome. Aim of the study: This work was done to detect the value of nebulized furosemide in pediatric heart failure patients with congenital heart disease and to compare its effectiveness to nebulized salbutamol. Patients and methods: This were a randomized controlled trial included 60 patients who met the inclusion criteria and were divided into three groups: First group we used nebulized furosemide alone, second group we used nebulized salbutamol alone. The third group we used nebulized furosemide with bronchodilator salbutamol. Patients were assessed clinically, laboratory investigations including arterial blood gases, and radiologically assessed by chest x ray, echocardiography. Severity of heart failure was assessed by modified Ross classification and assessment of respiratory distress assessed by Down's score. Results: In Comparison between Furosemide group, Salbutamol group and Combination group regarding ejection fraction EF (%) and fractional shortening FS (%) for systolic function estimation, it showed significant statistically significant difference. Cases subjected to nebulized furosemide showed more improvement in EF (%) and FS (%) after one day of using nebulization than Salbutamol group and Combination group. The mean value of Heart Rate (HR) was statistically lower among Furosemide group than Salbutamol group alone, and Combination group. Among Furosemide group, the mean value of RR, HR, SBB, DBP were statistically lower among after nebulization than before. The mean value of O2 saturation (%) was statistically higher among after than before nebulization. The Mean value of RR was statistically lower among after than before nebulization. While Mean value of O2 saturation. (%) was statistically higher among after than before regarding Combination group. Conclusion: Nebulized furosemide is more effective than salbutamol in improving EF, FS relieving respiratory distress, improving oxygen saturation in heart failure cases with congenital heart defect.


As a result of the study of scientific theory and educational practice, Success Education Method can be used in practical teaching activities in higher professional colleges. For the sake of this purpose, some problems should be solved by changing the old educational ideas, evaluating students in higher vocational colleges properly, carrying out encouraging evaluation to make students more confident, paying more attention to aggrandizement and transference to inspire students' potential, reforming teaching and testing methods to provide more opportunities for students to achieve their own success and strengthening the construction of the teaching and administrating staff to build a better environment for the students.


A case of an apophysiolysis of the ischial tuberosity in a 13‐year‐old female recreational iceskater is described. Despite slight dislocation, the patient developed hyperplastic callus and signs of fibrous healing after 13 months. She was, however, only bothered by this to a minor degree after prolonged sitting. The injury mechanism and possible predisposing factors as well as the controversies in the literature about treating this condition are discussed. The condition may be overlooked in several instances. We suggest that a pelvic X‐ray examination be performed in people from the age of 12 to 25 with a history of gradual pain around the ischial tuberosity after vigorous activities in sports implying repetitive stretching of the hamstrings or after an acute injury from a momentary stretching of the hamstrings with tenderness on palpation of the ischial tuberosity. Treatment depends on the degree of dislocation and on the functional requirements of the patient.


The behaviors of cavitation bubbles are significantly influenced by the nearby objects. In practice, the bubble usually oscillates and collapses near complex structures. In this study, the dynamics of a laserinduced single bubble near a triangular prism array are investigated experimentally. The behaviors of the bubble, such as the collapse, the resound, and the jet formation, are revealed, which are strongly influenced by several parameters, e.g., the relative position of the bubble and the prisms, the size of the bubble and the distance between the bubble and the array.


Abstract : Stable sols of 60 nm colloidal zirconia have been prepared by thermolysis of zirconium acetate. The surface complexing acetate groups have been replaced by phosphoric acid groups Phosphate grafting has been characterized by dynamic light scattering, infrared spectroscopy, P-31 nuclear magnetic resonance and impedance spectroscopy measurements. These systems give acid and proton conductive particles (4.10(exp -5) S./cm at 70% relative humidity). H3PO4/ZrO2/PVDF-co-HFP composite membranes have been synthesized. Impedance spectroscopy measurements allow discrimination between proton conduction at the surface of the phosphated particles and within free H3PO4 in the polymer. For the highest H3PO4/ZrO2 ratios, the latter phenomenon prevails, giving a proton conductivity of 6.10(exp -4) S./cm at 70% R.H.


This study examined the functional relationship between workplace-terrorism dimensions and employees' intention to quit. It explored three related human resource management theories, specifically, reciprocity theory, labour process theory, and need theory to conceptualise a model of workplace-terrorism and employees' intention to quit (WTE & EIQ model) having organisational justice as moderating factor. Reciprocity and labour process theories being the underpinning theories in the study were interpolated into explaining the concept of workplace-terrorism and quitting intentions. It was concluded in a supportive mode that reciprocity and labour process theory view workplace-terrorism as a form of management control technique adopted or adapted by organisations to enable maximum extraction of surplus from labour. The model was designed to serve as a working tool for solving organisational challenges in the administration of justice and fairness as it pertains to employees' relational problems at the various level of management in the workplace.


Two UV lines of Fe II at 2507/2509 A are extremely bright in spatially resolved HST/STIS spectra of dense gas condensations (the so called Weigelt blobs) close to the central star of η Carinae. The lines also appear unresolved in HST/FOS spectra of the star AE And. Under normal conditions the lines should hardly be observable. Based on recent studies of the formation of the λλ2507/2509 lines as part of a radiative cycle driven by HLyα pumping and including stimulated emission we propose the possibility of using them as a probe of non-homogeneities in gas condensations located outside hot, massive stars.


Applying an extended form of the Mulliken approximation and a monopole approximation for the Coulomb integrals the Hartree-Fock nonorthogonal energy expression is decoupled. Thus, the total energy splits into a sum of one-electron increments. The increments are minimized directly with respect to the linear coefficients and orbital exponents. Further, the ZDO approximation is used in the decoupled energy expression to avoid difficulties arising in connection with the evaluation of multicenter integrals. "Rigid core" calculations were carried out for the valence electrons of first-row diatomics. In case of nonpolar molecules good results are obtained for equilibrium distances and force constants. The method fails for molecules with atoms having very different nuclear charges.


In Nagoya University, safety management in each laboratories have been supported by using a comprehensive database, in which information that is necessary for risk control, such as local exhaust ventilation (LEV) facilities, stocks of chemicals and compressed gas cylinders, occupational health actions, and hazardous wastes, is installed together. Environment, Health & Safety Office (EH&SO) is responsible for whole legal and safety actions on all LEV facilities, such as registration on Labor Standard Bureau (LSB), check of annual inspection and maintenance, and performance of safety training. Since fume hoods have been used as the most common LEV facilities in the campus, the training course carried out by EH&SO consists of the followings: (1) basic course for daily check and maintenance of fume hoods in the laboratory by end users, (2) official training for licensed inspectors of fume foods.


The present paper attempts to examine the normative criteria of RIDF devolution by NABARD in reducing inter and intra state disparity in terms of sanction of per capita RIDF over the study period 1996 to 2010. Following Spiezia (2002), Adjusted Geographic Concentration index has been used to test the nature and sources of concentration of per capita sanction of RIDF. The empirical findings support a relatively high degree of concentrations in devolution of such fund among the states. The study also identifies the sources of such concentration. The underlying reasons behind such inter and intra state disparity in per capita sanction of RIDF is mainly the matching grant scheme applied to all the states and the twenty percentages reward formula under such devolution criteria. This study strongly recommended the review of the normative criteria for devolution of RIDF set by the NABARD by removing the matching grant scheme and restricting the twenty percentage reward formula, for the less developed states including the states in the north eastern region only for achieving the goal of balanced regional development of rural infrastructure.


The most common attack types that target the IoT are the Denial of Service (DoS), Distributed Denial of Service Blackmailing, Black hole, and Grey hole attacks. The paper mainly aims to find the Blackmailing, DDoS, Black hole, and Grey hole attacks that take place in the IoT network via a Radial Basis function neural network. A hybrid Aquila Ant Lion optimization algorithm(HA2O) is used to optimize the parameters of the Radial Basis function neural network (RBFNN) to improve its accuracy in Blackmailing, DDoS, Black hole, and Grey hole attack detection. The Feed-Forward Artificial Neural network (FANN) is incorporated in the paper for attack mitigation and drops the packet immediately. The FANN methodology implements the mitigation policy in place which restricts the communication of the IoT devices with the nodes, services, DDoS, Black hole, and Grey hole attack.When evaluated on the BoT-IoT dataset, the proposed methodology offers an accuracy of 98.4%.