We aimed to develop a novel predictive marker for atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence in patients with inducible AF after catheter ablation, based on power spectral analysis of baseline and postablation electrocardiograms.


The effect of sintering at 1120°C and 1250°C in 5%H 2+95%N2 and pure N2 atmosphere on microstructure, mechanical properties and fracture mechanisms of the Fe-(Cr)-(Mn)-(Mo)-C sintered steels was studied. Also sintering in air, as well using an idea of a "self-cleaning" effect of manganese was investigated. The results of inves tigations of mechanical properties show that the investigated alloys belong to medium strength s teel with tensile and yield strengths of up to 957 and 562 MPa, respectively. The advantage of inv estigated steels is they have a higher hardness, up to 473 HV30. Following microstructural esearch, the change of fracture mechanisms from predominantly interparticle ductile mode with shallow dimples to mixture of cleavage/intergranular modes was identified for low carbon (~0.15%C) and high carbon (~0.7%C) for both levels of Cr content. The effect of he "self-cleaning" of air atmosphere with optimal addition of ferromanganese lumps reflected in strength properties comparable with N 2 and H2+N2 atmosphere has been identified as a relatively pos itive.


The pharmaceutical and chemical process industries are concerned with controlling volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions for several reasons: to meet environmental regulations, for increased worker safety, and to minimize product losses. Various methods can be used including flaring and carbon adsorption. These techniques are end-of-the-pipe solutions and are not integral with the process operation itself.

An improved technique for the recovery of solvents during reaction, distillation, evaporation, drying, filtration, mixing, and other vacuum operations is the APO-VAC vacuum/gas compressor system. The skid-mounted, engineered package is based upon a single stage liquid ring vacuum pump. The system allows for the recovery and reuse of clean solvent with minimum air emissions and zero liquid emissions. VOC and biological oxygen demand (BOD) regulations are met by this technology.

The paper reviews the technical details of the system and presents test results and on-site operational data. Specific case histories involving methylene chloride recovery and acid/toxic gas neutralizations are also included.

In the chemical processing industry (CPI) the generation of vacuum is a necessity. Many chemical processes take place more easily, more quickly and more efficiently under vacuum than under atmospheric pressure, thus allowing better product quality at lower production cost. If it is a "wet" process involving the use of solvents then solvent recovery becomes an important consideration because of cost savings associated with its recovery as well as environmental benefits.

These objectives have stimulated the development of the APOVAC system concept which is based on the principle of closed loops or circuits. Since its development, the APOVAC system has enhanced today's chemical process technology through solvent recovery and recycling, elimination of wastewater effluent, and reduction of gas emissions thus contributing to a technically efficient and environmentally acceptable operation.


With the development of social economic and the improvement of people's living standards, people in growing numbers come to realize the importantance of safety and health conditions of the food preservatives. Chemical preservatives might cause cancer or malformation, which makes it urgent to develop highly active, safety and stable chemical preservative. In this study, we researched the antimicrobial activity of saffron lateral bud and perianth extractives by filter paper dispersion and mycelial growth ratio methods to the tested microorganisms which were Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enteritidis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Asppergillus niger, Penicillium citrinum, Rhizopus nigricans, Aspergillus oryzae and Trichoderma viride, respectively. Through single factor to research different extraction method, treatment method and how agent influence the antibacterial active ingredients about fortune paulownia flower. we made out that the extraction process of antimicrobial components of fortune paulownia flower is: fortune paulownia flower dried in the shade with absolute ethyl alcohol extracted by ultra audible sound.


Around the food, a number of experiences are formed that surpass the mere fact of feeding, since they are inscribed in a common communicative language that involves the people of the community allowing them to relate to each other (seeing it as a social process through which family and social bonds are generated) through which individuals produce and are added to a specialized communication system that encompasses the entire community.
The culinary practices of a community represent a cultural legacy, a series of communal and family experiences that are transmitted, through stories and narratives, from one generation to another as a method of preserving ancestral knowledge. That is why it is necessary to approach it from another communication vision since social interactions play a fundamental role in cultural processes.
In this degree work I am interested in analyzing the role of communication in the peasant culinary, in addition, determining what are the communicative practices that are part of the culinary practices of the municipality of Siachoque Boyaca


Abstract In this article, three London-based creative practitioners examine the new emerging possibilities of mobile media in the domain of art and media practice. The three practice-based research projects reflect their diverse backgrounds and perspectives within the emerging field of mobile media, in an effort to define the new genre of mobile media art aesthetics. Despite the different approaches towards working with mobile media, a shared original aesthetic emerges specific to the mobile phone. The article focuses on the pixilated, low-resolution mobile screen aesthetic, interface, production processes and uses, made possible by the mobile phone, revealing their contribution to the field of screen media in the decade of HD. Within the collaborative examination of the work, the authors attempt to define an emerging category of Mobile Media Art.


During the process of cold rolling,aluminum sheet and strip should be edge-trimmed by the rotary trimmer.Three stages of edge trimming are described: elastic deformation,plastic deformation and cracking.Crack formation and development are also described.It is analyzed that effects of the size of side clearance of blade edges,overlap degree of blade edges and edge itself on side trimming quality of the sheet and strip.It is further analyzed that the reason for causing the common trimming-defects and methods for avoiding said defects.


The purification and functional properties of soluble momordia polysaccharide were studied by DEAE-cellulose DE-32,Sephodex G-75 glucan gel column chromatography.The correlation between momoridca polysaccharides' antioxdiant activity and its lowering blood glucose was also researched.The clearance rate of ·OH was comparable 82% with 20mg/mL momordica polysacharide.The ratio of scavenging ·OH increased with enchancing activity of lowering glucose.It showed that momordica polysaccharides could make blood glucose below and increase the content of hepatic glycogen significantly at the dose of 250mg/kg.


The kinetics of the periodate oxidation of 2,4-xylidine (XYL) in acetone-water medium has been followed by monitoring the increase in the absorbance of reaction intermediate, C 4 , and the main reaction product 3,5-dimethyl-1,2-benzoquinone. Results under pseudo-first order conditions, [IO 4 - ] >> [XYL], are in agreement with the rate law: d[C]/dt = kK 3 K 4 K w [Mn II ] [S] [IO 4 - ] 0 [H + ]/{K 2 K w + (K w + K b K 2 )[H + ] + K b [H + ] 2 } where kK 3 K 4 is the empirical composite rate constant, K w is ionic product of water, K 2 is acid dissociation constant of H 4 IO 6 - and K b is base dissociation constant of XYL. In agreement with the rate law the 1/k cat versus [H + ] profile passes through the minimum. Free radical scavengers do not affect the reaction rate. The values of thermodynamic parameters are: E a = 4.9 kcal mol -1 , A = 8.7 x 10 3 dm 3 mol -1 s -1 ; ΔS # = -47.2 cal mol -1 K -1 , ΔG # = 18.9 kcal mol -1 and ΔH # = 4.3 kcal mol -1 .


The aim of the present study was to evaluate the psychological well-being among Adolescents. Total sample comprised of 120 adolescents (60 Male and 60 Female) were selected by applying random method sampling. Psychological Wellbeing Scale (Dr. Devendra Singh Sisodia and Pooja Choughary, 2012) were used for data collection. The results were statistically analyzed using Mean, SD and t-test used. The findings result that Female Adolescents have more Psychological well-being dimension satisfaction, Efficiency, Sociability, and Mental health than Male Adolescents. Male and Female Adolescents are having same Psychological well-being dimension Interpersonal Relations.


Environmental problems are very important issues for humanity to pay attention to. The existence of an environment with healthy, clean and beautiful conditions can provide many benefits for the survival of the community. This time, community service activities focus on environmental issues which are one of the life supports for the surrounding community in Palaan village. The main objective of this activity is to preserve and improve the reforestation process in Palaan village, Ngajum sub-district, Malang district. In addition, through this tree seed planting activity, it is hoped that it can increase the awareness of the village community on the importance of preserving the environment so that it is greener and healthier. In general, community service activities are carried out through three main stages starting from preparation, implementation and evaluation. This service activity involved students from the Faculty of Science and Technology (Saintek) Unira Malang. The process of planting seedlings is carried out in stages for 2 days. The results of the activity showed that 100 tree seedlings had been successfully planted in Palaan Village which had been designated as the planting location. Student participation showed high enthusiasm during the activity which was seen with 45 students being actively involved.


In 2012, a collaborative research program was initiated to assess the prevalence of the full range of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) in representative populations from four distinct regions of the United States. This issue of Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research (April 2020; Vol 44:4) presents the findings from three of the four regions: Southeast, Midwest, and Rocky Mountains. The results from the Southwest, the fourth region, were published in an earlier issue of this journal (Chambers et al., 2019).


"The understanding of the mind and its relation with cognitive abilities during middle childhood is still limited. One dimension of it, the interpretive diversity understanding, represents an understanding that people can have different interpretations of the same situation due to differences in their beliefs, attitudes, and knowledge. We aim to investigate, for the first time in literature, three dimensions of advanced theory of mind (ToM): faux-pas understanding, strange stories and interpretive ToM, in relation with executive functions (working memory, inhibition and switching), in an emotional framework (anxiety symptoms) during middle childhood (9-12 years). Results revealed that the three ToM abilities did not correlate with each other, and only strange stories correlated with inhibition and switching. On the other hand, the total ToM score based on the three measures was predicted by working memory and comprehension. These results support the approach to ToM as a noncoherent construct in middle childhood, and the need for further research that looks at the subdimensions included under the executive functions and ToM umbrella. Understanding the relationship between ToM dimensions, as well their interdependence with executive functions is essential for preventing early social and cognitive difficulties during middle childhood."


Standard renal clearance techniques have been used to estimate glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and tubular reabsorptive capacity for glucose (Tmg) in dogs when epinephrine was infused under a vari...


In the recent years, Airbus DS GmbH started a turbopump initiative to buildup fundamental capabilities in analyzing and designing turbomachinery within a German national funded program "TARES." Turbomachinery is widely used in different rocket propulsion systems and include such parts as pumps and turbines. Turbines are used for generating power required by pumps in order to feed the propellants to the thrust chamber. The paper is dedicated to present an overview about currently ongoing conceptual design activities of turbomachinery covering the main design phases like TPA (TurboPump Assembly) layout tradeoff; rotational speed selection with respect to efficiency and cavitation; flow path design techniques including blade profiling; computer-aided design (CAD) work; and preliminary structural analyses. This paper presents the main outcome applying the established design logic to a liquid oxygen (LOx) turbomachinery. The component is designed based on a dedicated specification for an expander cycle type engine. This includes a LOx pump unit comprising inducer and impeller as well as a subsonic single stage reaction turbine. For the turbine drive, gaseous hydrogen (GH2) heated within the thrust chamber cooling circuit is used. Within this paper, a general overview about the preliminary work results of pump and turbine sizing, profiling, performance estimation as well as structural aspects is given.


Fluorescence intensity fluctuations from individual CdSe quantum dots coordinated with oligo(phenylenevinylene) ligands (CdSe-OPV) have been previously observed to be qualitatively different from conventional capped CdSe quantum dots. In particular, the high degree of blinking suppression observed in these (inherently multichromophoric) systems was suggestive of multichromophoric emission. In this paper we describe results of second-order fluorescence intensity correlation function g( 2 )(τ) measurements from individual CdSe—OPV nanostructures to definitively assess the multiexcitonic character of the emission from these species. Our results point to a weak multiexcitonic character (g (2) (0) ≈ 0.2) under 405 nm excitation where both the organic ligand and quantum dot absorb. Using 514.5 nm excitation, where the ligand absorption is negligible, the quantum dot emission is completely antibunched (g( 2 )(0) ≈ 0.05), similar to that of ZnS-capped CdSe control samples. These results provide new insights into to the mechanism of intensity flickering and electronic interactions in composite quantum dot/conjugated organic composite systems.


Average safety factors of reliability can be established through reliability analysis for a pressure vessel subject to different kinds of loads with variances of stress and strength and influence of different consequences of failure taken into consideration. Checking up the strength of pressure vessels by average safety factors of reliability is safer and more economical than checking up the strength of pressure vessels by the conventional safety factors.


Agriculture is a critical component of many economies, and the livelihood of farmers is often highly dependent on their ability to manage crop and livestock production risks. This study provides a comprehensive synthesis of the existing literature, shedding light on the intricate dynamics shaping farmers' decisions to invest in agricultural insurance. Based on the literature survey made for 54 relevant research studies (conducted between 2004 and 2023), this study presents an extensive review of research on factors affecting farmers' willingness to pay for livestock insurance. The study aggregates and analyzes findings from many sources, offering valuable insights for policymakers, insurance providers, and researchers. The study's findings inform the design of targeted interventions and awareness campaigns to enhance the financial protection of farmers, ensuring their stability in the face of economic and climatic uncertainties. In this way, the findings are significant in the context of global agricultural resilience and food security.


The purpose of the present study is to examine the heat transfer characteristics of the U-shape heat pipe for the cooling of semiconductor in subway train. Perflourocarbon (PFC) was used as working fluid. Temperature distribution on the surface and heat transfer coefficients were investigated according to the working fluid volume percent and heating rate. The results were as follows; Optimum volumetric percent of working fluid was from 80% to 90%, and heat transfer coefficients of evaporation and condensation were as follows, respectively. h_(ie)=0.37x(Pi/P。)^(0.3), h_(ic)=4.2(k³_lp²_lgh_(fg)/u_lq_cl_c)^(1/3)


In response to a 1993 Congressional directive, the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) added minimum sign retroreflectivity criteria to the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD). In addition, several methods were listed that agencies can implement to maintain traffic signs at or above the minimum retroreflectivity requirements. The key element in the standards is the establishment of a method to maintain sign retroreflectivity at or above the minimums. FHWA along with BIA conducted two-day pilot programs for three tribal nations to assist them in choosing an appropriate retroreflectivity maintenance method to be compliant with the MUTCD requirements. Day one of each program was reserved for review of the new minimum sign retroreflectivity standard, available/accepted methods for maintaining sign retroreflectivity and sign sheeting identification using the FHWA documents, training on using a hand-held retroreflectometer and field visit. The second day included discussions and development of a draft retroreflectivity maintenance method policy for each tribe. The objective of this paper is to provide highlights from these three sign retroreflectivity maintenance program pilots. The pilots were conducted at the Confederated Tribe of The Umatilla Indian Reservation (CTUIR), the Sisseton Wahpeton Oyate of The Lake Traverse Reservation (SWO) and the Seminole Tribe of Florida (STF). Experiences from these pilots provide a reference to tribes in similar situation on what is being done elsewhere.


I. INTRODUCTION Islamic banking and finance is no longer an uncertain experiment. Although Islamic banking and finance is in its infancy-only forty years old compared to the four-hundred-year-old conventional banking industry-it has in this comparatively short period of time defined its major framework issues. Islamic finance is now a sturdy table supported by three strong legs: (1) the Islamic capital market; (2) Takaful;1 and (3) Islamic banking. Islamic investing, as part of the Islamic capital market, is a religious prohibitions-oriented area much like the secular-oriented area of socially responsible investing2 where an emphasis is placed on negative screens to filter out proscribed securities based on criteria which establish a minimum level of social responsibility on the part of a company. Islamic equity investing is only twenty years old. In this Article, I will discuss the relevant background of Islamic equity investing, including the role of Shar'ah scholars, the preconditions for participating in the stock markets (Shar'ah screening), and the Shari'ah universe of equities that results from the screening inherent in the investment process. With respect to the universe of Shar'ah-compliant equities, this Article will also discuss and analyze the Dow Jones Islamic Market Index ("DJIM"), launched on February 9, 1999 in Manama, Bahrain by Dow Jones Indexes. By way of background, the DJIM was the first attempt by any global index provider to create a measurement tool for Shari'ah-compliant investors and to reduce the research costs of ascertaining Shari'ah-compliance by creating a global universe of Shari'ah-screened companies approved by a Shari'ah supervisory board. Furthermore, the DJIM has established the initial standard of Shari'ahcompliant equity investing globally by highlighting the dilemmas of Shari'ah-compliant investing in Muslim countries, flushing out the geographical location of underlying Shari'ah-compliant companies, and offering an incentive for companies to be included in a high-profile Shari'ah-compliant index. Today, the DJIM is a galaxy of seventy Islamic indices which cover a variety of Shari'ah-compliant equities and fixed income securities across the globe.3 II. ALLAH'S LAW AS INTERPRETED The role of a Shari'ah supervisory board in a financial institution is to ensure that all of the institution's financial undertakings are pure, or in religious terms, free from unlawful (haram) elements. Shari'ah supervisory boards base their advice and opinions, or fatawa,4 on their readings and interpretations of: the Qur'an, which is believed by Muslims to be the revealed word of God (Allah); the Sunnah or practice of the Prophet of Allah, Prophet Muhammad, upon him be peace; the consensus of the scholars (ijma); and the opinions of the classical jurists and their successors.5 Sponsors of Islamic financial projects rely on Shari'ah supervisory boards to monitor their undertakings to ensure-on their behalf and on behalf of their investors, their depositors, and their shareholders-that their financial transactions, policies, and procedures are in compliance with Islamic legal and religious precepts. This deference to scholars is rooted in the Qur'an which reminds people to seek knowledge from its possessors.6 The idea of remembrance in the verse refers to the scholars' knowledge of the rules, regulations, and philosophical bases of relevant Qur'anic and Sunnatic injunctions, all designed to condition the affairs of humanity in accordance with the Divine Guidance in public and in private. These injunctions extend far and wide covering such issues as worship and piety, conduct with family, neighbors, and society at large, and business and political relationships. In general, membership on a Shari'ah supervisory board is open to Muslim scholars whose learning was undertaken for the sake of the Almighty and was attained in humility at the feet of the truly heedful and pious. …


This article gives an overview of the compressibility effects, free-stream Mach number and wall temperature effects, on boundary layer laminar-turbulent transition from incompressible flow to low supersonic Mach number (0 < M e < 2). Distinction will be made between 'natural' and 'bypass' transitions. For boundary layers developing on 'perfect smooth' surface in a low free-stream disturbance environment the 'natural' transition is induced by modal instabilities and can be predicted using the linear stability theory, in particular the e N method. When the intensity of external disturbances increases (rough surface or high free-stream disturbance), an early 'bypass' transition is triggered. This transition is due to the amplification of streaky structures in the laminar zone. This article shows how transient growth theory can be applied to predict the bypass transition induced by 3D roughness elements and how compressibility effects influence such a transition.


This paper discusses the consequences of language shift through erosion on the basis of an analysis of the development of the situation in French Flanders. This part of northern France used to be part of Dutch-speaking Flanders until 1678, when it was annexed by the French crown. Although the language shift process started almost immediately it only gained momentum after the French Revolution, as a consequence of a deliberate Frenchification policy and legislation on the part of the French authorities. Recent inquiries and research reveal that we are currently witnessing the ultimate stages of language loss, preceding the complete extinction of Dutch as a native language in France. The final part of the paper attempts to sketch the theoretical language-incontact framework, breaking down the chronological evolution into diglossic, bilingual and (almost) monolingual phases, taking into account the geographic, social and functional variables by which language shift and loss is characterised.


The electronic transport properties of zigzag phosphorene nanoribbon (ZPNR) homostructures are investigated using density functional theory calculations and the nonequilibrium Green's function technique. The proposed devices have simple constructions but exhibit robust negative differential resistance (NDR) as well as quite large current, which implies great potential for building nanoelectronic devices. Through the analysis of the electronic structures and transmission spectra, we give a clear physical picture of the NDR mechanism, in which such current–voltage (I–V) behaviors originate from the bias-dependent interaction between the discrete density of states (DOS) peaks of the electrodes and the narrow states around the Fermi level in the scattering region.


The present invention is a technique to initially extinguish the fire occurring in a room fire occurring inside the ceiling at the same time is disclosed. According to an embodiment of the invention, by spraying the extinguishing liquid upwardly when caused fire due to short circuits in the electrical wires or the like provided on the ceiling of the building can be effectively fighting the fire initially, the extinguishing liquid to the fire also downwardly generated in-house the injection can be effective in fighting the fire early.


approvals (NDAs) for the same year, the highest total since 1996 (which had 59), a period fueling much of today's generic activity. These figures underline the extent to which ANDAs now dominate submissions to the FDA. Making first and subsequent generics available as quickly as possible, within the constraint of strictly safeguarding clinical safety and efficacy, is a vital defense against spiraling healthcare costs.


: The level of fluid deficit may be difficult to scientifically quantify and there is no laboratory worth that is either delicate or details to approximate the degree of dehydration in children. Rehydration may take place by means of oral, subcutaneous, or IV paths. We performed a search using electronic databases; MEDLINE, science-direct, and EMBASE, through October, 2018. Dehydration related to gastroenteritis makes up a considerable worry of disease worldwide. Most of dehydration is amenable to ORT; only the treatment of severe dehydration needs IVF. Prior pilot data on the superiority of rapid IVF administration for rehydration has actually been refuted. Nevertheless, a new research suggests that initial rehydration with glucose including IVF trends toward lowering the return visits and decreasing the admission rates. More data on the efficiency and safety and security of antiemetics has actually been produced. Antiemetics have been proven well tolerated without masking severe alternate diagnoses, efficacious in improving the success of ORT, and affordable. These brand-new data supporters highly for the consolidation of antiemetics right into the scientific guidelines. Variability in guideline conformity has been shown, with doctors mentioning troubles in evaluating dehydration and scientific judgment as factors for variation.


To discuss whether the inspiratory muscle strength training may affect the value of VO2peak determined with the subjective feeling criterion.The dynamic changes of VO2peak value and exercise performance were measured and evaluated by Master Screen CPX ergospirometry testing device during the four weeks of inspiratory muscle strength training(80% MIP used as training load,30 times / 30 min / d,5 d / week,a total of 20 training periods).Results showed that with the accumulation of inspiratory muscle training period,the inspiratory muscle strength(MIP),GXT duration and the maximum load value,the absolute and relative VO2peak values were statistically significant increased(P0.01).Meanwhile the values of RPE had no statistically significant difference(P0.05);there was no significant change in the control group(P0.05).The 4-week inspiratory muscle strength training can significantly increase the value of VO2 peak,as well as increasing exercise performance of GXT.


The basic purpose of the paper is to prepare preliminaries of the theory of many sorted algebras. The concept of the signature of a many sorted algebra is introduced as well as the concept of many sorted algebra itself. Some auxiliary related notions are defined. The correspondence between (1 sorted) universal algebras [8] and many sorted algebras with one sort only is described by introducing two functors mapping one into the other. The construction is done this way that the composition of both functors is the identity on universal algebras.


In this paper a new approach for non-invasive glucose measurements is proposed. The new technique is based on Dielectric Spectroscopy and uses a potentiostat sensor to detect the glucose levels. As an excitation signal, random phase multisines are used. These allow scanning the level of glucose over a wide frequency range. First tests on human albumin clearly show that the phase measurements can detect differences between different glucose concentrations. These results form a very promising basis for the development of a novel non-invasive glucose monitoring sensor.


Composite material that seales the asbestos fibres, obtained by embedding in plastics waste, such as plastic material wastes, asbestos-cement, grinded wastes of asbestos-cement having good workability, intended to obtain manufactured goods. The composite material comprises: a matrix made of a plastic selected from the group consisting of PVC, PE, PP or PET, and grinded asbestos-cement, preferably 20% by weight, the grinded asbestos-cement having a granulation of 2 micrometers-0,4 mm, preferably 2-5 micrometers. Composition containing the above-mentioned composite material and one or more adhesives, optionally chrysotile fibres, and alumina. The invention also refers to a process of obtaining the composite material by injection into the die, which consists of mixing the plastic materials granules together grinded asbestos-cement, bringing to the melting temperature of the plastic material, mixing of the mixture, pressure casting into a die with material tail/cushion and cooling the composite product in the die.


Control of cell proliferation remains of intense interest in cancer re search. In the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 HL6O cell system, G1 arrest has been shown to be mediated by elevated levels of p27/Kipi protein. We show here that the main target of the elevated p27IKipl in this system is cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) 6. The activity of Cdk2 is also down regulated, and this is associated with altered and reduced levels of cyclin E in the kinase complex. Paradoxically, the kinase activity of Cdk4 is elevated, in spite ofan almost complete G1 block. These data show that the functions of Cdk4 and Cdk6 are not redundant and that Cdk6 and Cdk2 activities are regulated by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3.


Recently, a new alpha radioactivity measurement technique was proposed, which directly measures ions surrounding alpha radioactivity. In order to implement this technique, a better understanding of ion's behavior is required. We have developed a micro-ionization chamber with multi-channel charge-integrating ASICs (Application Specific Integrated Circuit). In this study, we will introduce the design of the micro-ionization chamber and show first results from ion measurements using an 241 Am alpha source. When we increase the electric field, the spatial distribution of ions exhibited two different components. Simulation calculations were also performed to account for these components.


A model for the prediction of triple site diversity performance based on the three-dimensional gamma distribution is proposed. The proposed method is based on the convective raincell model for the spatial structure of the rainfall medium. The model is oriented toward application to earth-space paths located in Japan and other locations with similar climatic conditions. Numerical results are compared with a limited set of available experimental data, and some conclusions are given.<<ETX>>


This research activity deals with the analysis and control of tubular reactors that cover a large class of distributed parameter in the field of (bio)chemical systems. Results cover a wide spectrum from observability/controllability analysis to the implementation of controllers on industrial processes via the stability analysis of the multiple steady states. Tubular reactors cover a large class of (bio)chemical systems as encountered in industry and real-life applications. They are basically characterized by the non-homogeneity of the reacting medium within a confined volume (the reactor), and their dynamics are described by partial differential equations. With that respect, they belong to the class of dynamical systems known as infinite dimensional systems. There are basically two classes of tubular reactors, one for which the hydrodynamics are purely convective (they are known as "plugflow" reactors), the other described convective-diffusive hydrodynamics. Plug flow reactors are known in chemical reactor design as the best basic reactor configuration in the sense that it allows to maximize the conversion. Convective-diffusive reactors represent an intermediate class of reactors between the plug flow reactor (when the diffusion coefficient(s) is(are) to zero) and the continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) (when the diffusion coefficient(s) tend(s) to infinity). Figure 1: Picture of a tubular reactor (fixed-bed reactor for anaerobic digestion). The research activities are oriented in multiple directions. • Modelling and identification of tubular reactors, including anaerobic digestion fixed bed reactor and denitrifying biofilter (e.g. [1]) • Analysis of the observability and controllabality of tubular reactors, and the related issue of sensor and actuator location (e.g. [1][2][7][8]) • Analysis of the existence and stability of multiple equilibrium profiles in tubular reactors (e.g. [4]) • Numerical and mathematical analysis of the reduction methods applied to tubular reactor partial differential equations in order to obtain a set of ordinary differential equations (e.g. [3][6]) • On-line state and parameter estimation of tubular reactors, including the application of ETBE synthesis process and denitrifying biofilter (e.g. [3]) • Control design for tubular reactors, including adaptive extremum seeking approches (e.g. [1][3][5]) • Control applications, including anaerobic fixed bed reactors and denitrifying biolfilter (e.g. [1]) As a matter of example, one key issue is to emphasize the conditions under which multiple equilibrium profiles may appear nonisothermal tubular reactors. On one hand, it is well-known in chemical process dynamics that the CSTR may exhibits three equilibrium points. On the other hand, the plug flow reactor can exhibit only one equilibrium profile due to the form of its boundary condition (only one boundary condition at the reactor inlet characterized by a scalar relation). One will therefore expect that the convective-diffusive configuration will be able to exhibit multiple equilibrium points if it is far enough from the plug flow reactor and close enough to the CSTR. This situation has been carefully studied and the results provided in [4] shows that multiple equilibrium profiles may exist if the diffusion coefficient(s) is(are) large enough.


Bransford et al. (2000) asserted that high-quality learning environments for teachers' learning should be centred on learners, knowledge, assessments and community. This study aims to use Bransford et al.'s (2000) concept of high-quality learning environments to analyse a 5-day Collaborative Summer Institute (CSI) in terms of its design and delivery of professional development. The data in this study includes: (1) workshop binders and handouts; (2) observational notes and (3) documentation. The study concludes that the CSI could be regarded as a learner-centred, a knowledge-centred and community-centred environment. The CSI was considered in part to be an assessment-centred environment because participating teachers were asked to evaluate their learning outcomes at the end of each training session. Bransford et al.'s (2000) perspectives on effective learning environments, however, offered no means of evaluating whether the CSI was assessment-centred. Suggestions on the effective design and delivery of professional development will be provided.


As a hormone, vasopressin binds to three distinct receptors: V1a and V1b receptors, which induce phospholipase‐Cβ (PLCβ) activation and Ca2+ mobilization; and V2 receptors, which are coupled to adenylyl cyclase. V1a and V1b receptors are also present in neurons. In particular, hypoglossal (XII) and facial (VII) motoneurons are excited following vasopressin‐V1a receptor binding. The aim of the present study was double: (i) to determine whether V1b receptors contribute to the excitatory effect of vasopressin in XII and VII motoneurons; and (ii) to establish whether the action of vasopressin on motoneurons is mediated by Ca2+ signalling. Patch‐clamp recordings were performed in brainstem slices of young rats. Vasopressin depolarized the membrane or generated an inward current. By contrast, [1‐deamino‐4‐cyclohexylalanine] arginine vasopressin (d[Cha4]AVP), a V1b agonist, had no effect. The action of vasopressin was suppressed by Phaa‐d‐Tyr(Et)‐Phe‐Gln‐Asn‐Lys‐Pro‐Arg‐NH2, a V1a antagonist, but not by SSR149415, a V1b antagonist. Thus, the vasopressin‐induced excitation of brainstem motoneurons was exclusively mediated by V1a receptors. Light microscopic autoradiography failed to detect V1b binding sites in the facial nucleus. In motoneurons loaded with GTP‐γ‐S, a non‐hydrolysable analogue of GTP, the effect of vasopressin was suppressed, indicating that neuronal V1a receptors are G‐protein‐coupled. Intracellular Ca2+ chelation suppressed a Ca2+‐activated potassium current, but did not affect the vasopressin‐evoked current. H7 and GF109203, inhibitors of protein kinase C, were without effect on the vasopressin‐induced excitation. U73122 and D609, PLCβ inhibitors, were also without effect. Thus, excitation of brainstem motoneurons by V1a receptor activation is probably mediated by a second messenger distinct from that associated with peripheral V1a receptors.


How did the Internet - a revolution in inclusiveness and understanding - turn into a tool for governments spying on citizens. In most countries ISPs are obliged to cooperate with the local government and provide details of who was browsing under what IP address.


In a society where expectations often influence people more than they are aware of, we find a humorous take on society's expectations of men and how they express affection toward one another. NigaHiga's Word of the Day: Bromance video and Bromance music video poke fun at the idea of bromance and, along the way, provide us with an opportunity to look deeper into this male-to-male relationship. Bromance is a combination of the word brother and romance. It is a term created to capture the essence of a male bond so strong and intimate, it assaults the border between brotherhood and romantic, homosexual relationships. The term coined for relationships between those of the same gender such as this is Homosocial. This paper then looks at bromance as a homosocial relationship and discusses men's struggle to perform according to hegemonic masculinity and express affection at the same time—as exhibited by Nigahiga's videos, now an Internet sensation.


This research focuses on the development of a damage detection algorithm based on modal testing, vibrothermography, and feature extraction. The theoretical development of mathematical models is presented to illustrate the principles supporting the associated algorithms, through which the importance of the three components contributing to this approach is demonstrated. Experimental tests and analytical simulations have been performed in laboratory conditions to show that the proposed damage detection algorithm is able to detect, locate, and extract the features generated due to the presence of sub-surface damage in aerospace grade composite materials captured by an infrared camera. Through tests and analyses, the reliability and repeatability of this damage detection algorithm are verified. In the concluding observations of this article, suggestions are proposed for this algorithm's practical applications in an operational environment.


A novel method for the analysis of buckle propagation in tubes such as tendons of tension leg platforms and pipelines for deep water applications is presented. Results are reported for the propagation pressure and state deformation in tubes of various materials (SS-304, CS-1010 and X-52 steel tubes) with a wide range of values of the diameter-to-thickness ratio (D/t). Not only does the method overcome the prohibitive computational demands of earlier procedures, but also it is in excellent agreement with experimental data for all values of D/t investigated (from D/t = 78 to as low as D/t = 12.8).


Utilization of silicate minerals fillers in latex offer dual function as a compatible filler and cheapener that economical way to reduce latex consumption. This research explores the effect of using Engineered Silicate Composite Dispersion (ESD 086) as fillers for nitrile latex-supported gloves, seeking to explore their properties while ensuring cost-effectiveness. The reinforcement effect of novel Engineered Carbonate Dispersion (ECD 011) for ESD 086 filled Carboxylated Nitrile Butadiene Rubber (XNBR/ESD 086) latex films has also been explored. XNBR latex films were compounded with three variants of ESD 086 at different loadings (in phr). From three variants of ESD 086 fillers, variant ESD 086A at 10 phr shows the highest tensile strength. As the ESD 086A filler loading increased up to 15 phr, the tensile strength decreased, indicating the ineffectiveness to be used at higher loading. The work was continued by exploring the use of novel ECD 011 to minimize the decrement effect. The 15 phr ESD 086 filled XNBR latex films (XNBR/ESD 086A-15) were subjected to a hybrid loading from 0 to 1.2 phr with 0.2 phr staggered increment together with the reduction of ECD 011:ZnO ratio in the XNBR latex compounds. Results show that at 0.6:0.6 phr of ECD 011:ZnO, the tensile strength of XNBR/ESD 086A-15 latex films increased and the elongation at break also improved. Using ESD 086A can reduce the usage of XNBR latex. Still, it can only be used up to 10 phr (optimum loading) and ECD 011 can maintain the physical properties and offer maximum cost-saving options for XNBR latex glove formulation at higher loading of ESD fillers. Overall, both engineered dispersions offer potential commercial benefits for the Nitrile gloves industry.


A number of classical arguments are given for a semi-quantitative explanation of the Compton spectra and their observed dissymmetries, or Compton defects. Every electronic orbital involved in a Compton collision is shown to produce a peculiar defect which mainly depends on the orbital geometrical shape Interpretation classique semi-quantitative des dissymetries observees. Chaque orbitale electronique intervenant dans une collision de Type Compton produit un defaut Compton particulier qui depend surtout de la forme geometrique de l'orbitale


Cardiac myxomas arc infrequently encountered lesions. Certain aspects of these tumors arc unusual and include right atrial location, calcification, valve destruction, hematologic abnormalities, occurrence in children, and familial occurrence. A 12-year-old girl manifesting all of these unusual aspects of myxoma is described and each of the unusual aspects is discussed.


The anti-corrosion behaviors of migrating corrosion inhibitor and concrete grout were investigated both in laboratory and in field.In laboratory testing,coupons were immersed in brine continuously and intermittently to simulate the corrosion of the high strength steel wire in concrete crossbeam of bridge,the parameters about corrosion details of concrete coupons at different times were monitored by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS).The pitting susceptibility of the steel wire was also estimated by polarization curves.In addition,the corrosion currents were detected by coulostatic method in field.The inhibitor could reduce the pitting sensitivity of steel wires.The corrosion of the steel wires was slowed down.However,the inhibitor needs to be added periodically for the concrete of bridge so as to continue the corrosion inhibiting behavior.


Like so many of the previous transactions of the New Orleans Academy of Ophthalmology, the most recent volume dealing with the cornea and external diseases of the eye is an excellent compendium of current concepts. In 26 chapters plus a series of round-table discussions, the nine contributing authors cover a broad spectrum of topics ranging from the pathogeneses of recurrent herpes simplex to orthokeratology. The central 13 chapters of this book are devoted largely to keratoplasty, including specialized techniques and management of complications. Several of these chapters are noteworthy for their practical approach to surgical problems. In addition to the surgical material, medical therapeutics is well represented, and the reader will be updated on the recent advances in antiviral therapy and extended-wear contact lenses. Particularly outstanding are the chapters on the management of microbial keratitis and stromal herpes. If this volume suffers any major criticisms, they are related to its


Renal abnormalities in 132 necropsied patients with rheumatoid arthritis were studied. Clinical findings before death included extra-articular manifestations of the disease (86% of patients), systemic vasculitis (6%), and uraemia (23%). Necropsy findings included nephrosclerosis (90%), systemic vasculitis (14%) with kidney involvement in 8%, amyloidosis (11%), membranous glomerulopathy (8%), and focal glomerular disease (8%). Association with clinical data suggests that both rheumatoid and non-rheumatoid disease may play a part in the cause of these abnormalities.


Mexico must address two key questions in order to realize the promise of greater employment opportunities: Does the country's current workforce have the needed skills to adequately respond to increases in production, and is the country allocating the necessary resources to respond to the demand for future skills? This issue brief focuses on education's role in reducing the workforce skills gap that Mexico will face as the energy sector expands.


BACKGROUND
The prevalence of the allergic diseases increased considerably during the last decades. The clinical expression of allergy depends on the interaction of genetic and environmental factors.

AIM
The aim of our study was to evaluate the prevalence of sensitizing to aeroallergens in the child and to determine the risk factors of sensitizing.

METHODS
We carried out a cross-sectional study relating to 200 pediatric patients of the Mahmoud El Matri hospital, aged from 3 to14 years. We performed skin prick test to 12 current aeroallergens.

RESULTS
The prevalence of sensitizing to aeroallergens was 14%. Acarina (DP and/or DF) represented the allergens accused in the majority of the cases (96,4% of the cases). The statistical analysis of the various risk factors of sensitizing showed that these factors were: the presence of a family atopy (p= 0,0034) particularly a maternal asthma (p< 0,001), the personal atopy specially an asthma, an allergic rhinitis or eczema atopic (p< 10-5), the short breast-feeding (p= 0,033) and the home humidity (p=0,0072). Several risk factors reported in the literature did not seem to intervene in our study (the passive smoking, the urban dweling, the age of food diversification, infections at the low age).

CONCLUSION
The prevalence of sensitizing to aeroallergens is relatively high in our series. Many factors could explain the increase of the allergic diseases. Our study stresses the importance of the genetic, nutritional and environmental factors in the appearance of aeroallergens sensitization.


This paper elaborates the characteristics of the mental representation of the lexical meaning system of the Chinese Language in terms of its integrity and visualization.


A discussion of measurement philosophy gives the intent of this paper to discuss measurements made in a hare for loudspeakers intended for use in the home. Some new concepts regarding terminology include replacements for the terms woofer, squawker, and tweeter. One simple measurement is the enclosure volume which is a first figure of merit for a speaker. Terminal impedance is a simple measurement of limited use. The bass system alignment can be checked by three methods: 1) By an outdoor anechoic test of axial frequency response: 2) By Keele's close ucrophone method: and 3) By Small's internal pressure method. We still believe using noise as a test signal for loudspeakers is invalid. Loudspeaker distortion requires more expensive test equipment than appropriate for a hole laboratory. Loudspeaker driver parameters can be measured at home if one is building his own speaker.


Experiments on growth of TGS crystals using (010) and (001) oriented disc shape seeds in the low gravity environment aboard Spacelab-3 are presented. The holographic interferograms reconstructed on the ground demonstrated diffusion limited growth. The morphology of the crystals grown was similar to that of crystals grown on earth, except the faces were not fully developed and planar. The device quality of these crytals is considered to be comparable with the best crystals grown on earth. Better infrared detector characteristics were obtained by doping TGS with Cs and L-alanine simultaneously on the ground. Crystals grown on (010) poled seeds show improved morphology and pyroelectric properties.


: Universities are expected to play an important role as drivers of innovation and economic growth. Despite efforts to match these expectations, the commercialisation of scientific research remains poor. Issues in the commercialisation of research that have been identified in previous literature include scientists' lack of business skills, poor understanding of industry needs and lack of funding for development. However, there is a lack of studies proposing practical tools to bridge the gap between research and the market. Studies analysing the activities of certain technology companies propose using workshops to assist technology innovation. However, the method for using these workshops in universities remains unexplored. This paper aims to explain why the workshops should include designers assisting scientists if used in the academic context. It takes recommendations from literature and uses interviews with multiple scientists developing technologies to inform the design of the multidisciplinary workshop structure.


In romantic relationships, individuals take attributes of their romantic partner into their own self-concept, thus becoming increasingly similar to their partner. The current research tested the possibility that some individuals may take on the characteristics of their romantic partner to a greater extent. The Perceived Change in Relationships Scale was designed to measure the extent to which individuals report changing to be like their romantic partners and report that their romantic partners change to be more like them. We investigated the properties of this scale across two studies. The first study explored the factor structure of the scale. The second study demonstrated that generally perceiving greater self-change in relationships predicted individuals actually altering their self-concepts in romantic contexts.


A method developed for the analysis of Sudan dyes I, II, III and IV residues in chilli powder using HPLC with a diode array detection technique was validated by comparison of retention times of Sudan dye reference standards against retention times of samples, of area ratio of responses for Sudan dyes in samples against those for relevant Sudan dye reference standards and of absorbance maxima. The method was capable of detecting each of the Sudan dyes I, II, III and IV residues to at least 0.1 mg/kg. The method was used to carry out a FAPAS™ proficiency study organised by the Central Science Laboratory UK, and the results obtained were within an acceptable range of results submitted to that study. A survey of ten retail chilli powders found two containing Sudan I and a third powder with a low concentration below the validated range.


Objective To construct the lysine auxotrophic mutant of Shigella flexneri 2a strain 301 to facilitate proteomic studies by stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture(SILAC).Methods Gene lysA was knocked out from Sh.flexneri 2a strain 301 using λ-Red recombination system.The biochemical phenotypes and the virulence of the mutant strain were tested.Then,the protein expression profiles of the mutant strain and the wild-type strain were analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis(2-DE).Finally,the protein samples of the mutant strain grown on the media containing 12C6-lysine and 13C6-lysine respectively were prepared and separated by 2-DE.The corresponding spots were cut off from the gels,digested by trypsin and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF.Results The lysA deletion mutant of Sh.flexneri 2a strain 301 was constructed.The corresponding spots were identified to be the same protein,and the 6 Dalton shift of the mass peaks was observed in the mass spectra.Conclusion Lysine auxotrophic mutant of Sh.flexneri 2a strain 301 is appropriate for SILAC analysis.


Two‐photon photodynamic therapy (PDT) is able to offer precise 3D manipulation of treatment volumes, providing a target level that is unattainable with current therapeutic techniques. The advancement of this technique is greatly hampered by the availability of photosensitizers with large two‐photon absorption (TPA) cross section, high reactive‐oxygen‐species (ROS) generation efficiency, and bright two‐photon fluorescence. Here, an effective photosensitizer with aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) characteristics is synthesized, characterized, and encapsulated into an amphiphilic block copolymer to form organic dots for two‐photon PDT applications. The AIE dots possess large TPA cross section, high ROS generation efficiency, and excellent photostability and biocompatibility, which overcomes the limitations of many conventional two‐photon photosensitizers. Outstanding therapeutic performance of the AIE dots in two‐photon PDT is demonstrated using in vitro cancer cell ablation and in vivo brain‐blood‐vessel closure as examples. This shows therapy precision up to 5 µm under two‐photon excitation.


Organ and function preservation strategies for laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer consist of chemoradiation, open partial laryngopharyngectomy and transoral surgery. Among them, transoral surgery is gaining attention for its reduced invasiveness, rapid recovery and greater postoperative function. To perform a transoral enbloc tumor resection, we built a new surgical system: transoral videolaryngoscopic surgery (TOVS). In this surgical setting, a distending laryngoscope and a high definition laryngeal rigid endoscope were used to display a wide view on the monitor. The tumor was resected by using fine laparoscopic surgical instruments such as forceps, scissors and needle electrocautery. To perform transoral surgery safely, the first step is to understand the surgical anatomy from the inside of the laryngopharyngeal lumen. From the experience of cadaver dissection and many case series, transoral surgical anatomy was described with a schema.


Background: Obesity is one of the most serious public health challenges of the 21st century and represents a serious health problem for low- and middle-income countries, particularly in urban settings. Its prevalence has increased at an alarming rate. Globally, more than 340 million children and adolescents aged 5–19 years are overweight or obese, and approximately two-third of them live in developing countries. Aim: The present study was implemented to assess the prevalence rates of overweight and obesity among adolescents in intermediate schools in Basrah, Iraq. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted during the second semester (between January 15 and May 30, 2013) among children attending public and private secondary schools in Basra city to determine the relationship between certain variables and the prevalence of overweight and obesity. Results: According to the study findings, the overall prevalence rates of overweight and obesity among adolescents aged 13–15 years in intermediate schools were 20.6% and 22.6%, respectively. Conclusions: A combination of decreased physical activity, sedentary behaviors (watching TV, playing video games, and using the internet), ingestion of unhealthy foods, and consumption of soft drinks may be responsible for the observed increased prevalence of overweight and obesity among adolescent students in Basra city.


Nickel Titanium (NiTi) film shape memory alloy (SMA) is integrated with space-qualified polymer and mesh materials for potential use as deployment mechanisms and actuation of flexible space apertures. SMA thin film is successfully applied to Astromesh metal mesh, Kapton, Upilex, and CP-1 polymer films. Sputter deposition of NiTi onto the substrate is used to validate the material system process and demonstrate the NiTi deployment capability. Although successful, the relatively high processing temperatures required to crystallize NiTi onto the substrates requires care. A second approach is demonstrated that deposits NiTi onto a silicon substrate, followed by coating the NiTi with the desired polymer, e.g. CP-1. Micro-electro-mechanical (MEMS) processing steps are then used to remove the silicon substrate beneath the NiTi, thus freeing up the composite membrane (i.e. NiTi + CP-1). Using MEMS fabrication techniques, a hot-shaped small dome shape structure is shaped into the NiTi before deposition of the CP-1 polymer. Activation of the integrated SMA/CP-1 produces deformation of this composite structure without damage. The test articles demonstrate the feasibility to both grossly deploy and locally actuate space-qualified polymer materials.


The present invention relates to an recording apparatus and an liquid jetting device The ink jet recording apparatus having an ultraviolet irradiation head having a discharge tube includes a recording head that reciprocates along the surface of recording paper and discharges ultraviolet curable ink toward the recording paper, a discharge tube that moves together with the recording head and outputs ultraviolet light, and a movable plane reflecting mirror that switches between two light paths through which ultraviolet light from the discharge tube is applied in front of and behind the recording head in the reciprocation direction M. The discharge tube may include an elliptic reflecting mirror that converges output ultraviolet light toward the surface of the recording paper.


Purpose: Functional Cast Bracing is a most common, universally following method of conservative management of shaft of humerus fracture. The objective of this study were to assess union rate, complications and risk factors associated with non-union of shaft of humerus fracture and same were evaluated with functional cast brace. Materials and Methods: The study was designed as a Descriptive observational study. Patients who presented with closed isolated shaft of humerus fracture as diagnosed by clinical and radiological were included in the study (n = 83). Patients were managed with closed reduction and "U" slab application for about 2nd weeks. On 3rd week of post injury "U" slabs were removed and functional cast braces were applied. Functional (Constant-Murley score) and radiological outcome were assessed on 4th, 6th and 12th weeks of post injury. Results: Total 83 patients were included in this study. Union rate was 84.4% (n = 70), non-union rate was 15.6%(n = 13) and the risk factors which associated with non-union were occupation (more in laboured, n = 9(37.5%)), socioeconomic status (more in lower socioeconomic status, n = 9(50%)), smoking (more in smoker, n = 9(60%)) and type of fracture (more in spiral fracture, n = 7(50%)). Conclusion: Union rate was (84.4%) more and non-union rate was less (15.6%) of shaft of humerus fracture managed with functional cast brace. Occupation, socioeconomic status, smoking and spiral type of fracture were associated with non-union.


The article presents the results of studying the variability of live weight of Degeressian semi-fine-crowned and Aktogai semi-coarse 4-month-old lambs in the context of individual farms located in different pasture zones of Central Kazakhstan. It has been established that the variability of their live weight, along with breeding, is greatly influenced by the climatic and food characteristics of the zone of their breeding.


The invention relates to a method for making a compound peony seed oil preparation from peony seed oil, tocotrienols and red rice, the compound peony seed oil preparation, and application of the compound peony seed oil preparation. The compound peony seed oil preparation can be in the form of liquid or powder, or can be further processed to be in the form of dissolvable granules, tablets, capsules, oral liquid or the like, has the characteristics of safety, high efficiency, biological utilization degree, stable quality and industrialization, and has the outstanding effects of reducing the blood fat, the blood pressure and the cholesterol, alleviating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, resisting tumors and resisting fatigue.


Objective: To determine the characteristics associated with health care and drug treatment utilization among a distinctly high-risk sub-population of injectors participating in a needle exchange program (NEP). Methods: Between June 1998 and May 1999, study staff collected demographic and health services utilization data on participants of the Baltimore NEP. Odds ratios and logistic regression were used to identify the participant characteristics associateds with utilizing primary health care and drug treatment during the prior 3 years. Results: Among 269 participants, 81% were African–American and 66% were male. Over half (56%) had not graduated from high school, 89% were unemployed, 70% did not have health insurance, and the median age was 39 years. Fifty-eight percent of the participants reported utilizing primary care (i.e., visited a physician or other health care provider) and 44% had utilized drug treatment during the prior 3 years. Primary care utilization was associated with age≥39 [adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=1.82], having health insurance (AOR=2.16), and exchanging a higher volume of syringes per NEP visit (AOR=2.45). Recent drug treatment utilization was associated with African–American race (AOR=0.41), unemployment (AOR=2.72), having health insurance (AOR=2.05), and exchanging a higher volume of syringes per NEP visit (AOR=0.60). Conclusions: Health insurance was significantly associated with the recent utilization of both primary care and drug treatment, yet only one-third of NEP attenders were insured. Facilitating the uptake of health insurance services at NEP sites may improve the access to health care for drug users who are currently not utilizing the health care system.


Driven systems of interconnected blocks with stick-slip friction capture main features of earthquake processes. The microscopic dynamics closely resemble those of spiking nerve cells. We analyze the differences in the collective behavior and introduce a class of solvable models. We prove that the models exhibit rapid phase locking, a phenomenon of particular interest to both geophysics and neurobiology. We study the dependence upon initial conditions and system parameters, and discuss implications for earthquake modeling and neural computation. Many natural phenomena involve interacting threshold elements. Slowly driven by some external force, single elements discharge rapidly when they reach a trigger threshold, then become quiescent again. This activity may in turn stimulate neighboring elements. Prominent examples include earthquakes, avalanches, forest fires, colonies of flashing fireflies, and assemblies of spiking nerve cells. The corresponding models, although closely related on a formal level, exhibit distinct collective properties that range from systemwide synchronization [1] to self-organized criticality [2,3]. Phase locking without global synchronization has been identified as an important borderline phenomenon between both cases [4,5] and has been observed under various conditions [2 — 12]. In this Letter, a class of solvable models is introduced. The dynamics resemble those of previous earthquake models [2,3,7 — 10] and integrate-and-fire neurons [1,6, 11,12], and reduce to Abelian avalanches [8] in a limiting case. We prove that for nearest-neighbor couplings and periodic boundary conditions, the models rapidly relax to phase-locked solutions — the attractors are reached as soon as every element has discharged once. Next, we study the dependence upon initial conditions, coupling parameters , and boundary conditions. We then extend the class of interactions and discuss the connection with networks of spiking neurons. Finally, we outline implications for earthquake modeling and neural computation. Geophysical description of the model. — Seismic activity occurs predominantly on faults located at the boundaries between tectonic plates. Relative plate movement leads to a slow accumulation of stress that is quickly released during earthquakes. We follow Refs. [2,3,7 — 10] and concentrate on the dynamics of a single fault, represented by a rectangular two-dimensional lattice. The stress at site i is modeled by a scalar variable F;.


A financial function answers questions like what government or its financial department can or should do,which is different from,what some scholars hold,the nature of financial function.It is likely to have misunderstandings in concepts like "function","financial function",and "economic tasks of government" etc.and also in generalization of relevant contents.


This study investigated the role of head teachers' effectiveness in the implementation of free secondary education in Keiyo District, Kenya. The study was a descriptive research that examined the situation as it was on the ground without any manipulation of variables. The target population of the study comprised a total of 37 secondary schools that present candidates for KCSE in Keiyo district. Keiyo District was chosen in this study because it is one of the districts with a high poverty index and therefore, likely to benefit more from the FSE policy. The sample consisted of 25 secondary schools drawn through stratified random sampling technique. The instruments for data collection were: self-administered questionnaires, interview schedule and document analysis. The study established that the FSE was introduced in haste hence the head teachers were not prepared before FSE implementation. Overall management of the school had improved although the FSE programme still experienced some teething problems that included: late disbursement of funds by government, inadequate funds to cater for the entire vote heads, misconception by parents that FSE policy catered for all the fees and fluctuation of market prices of commodities. The study recommendations include the need to avail the free education funds to the schools at the beginning of the year.


O ne of the challenges of providing health care to remote communities is the recruitment and retention of doctors. This paper is a description of a unique approach in Australia to issues of rural health disparity and a national response. It describes the broader programme and one example of this approach in remote north-west Queensland, the Mount Isa Centre for Rural and Remote Health, and some of its programmes.


1093 Background: Epigenetic silencing by aberrant BRCA1/2 promoters' methylation ( BRCA-meth) can be responsible for a dysfunctional BRCA protein. BRCA-meth occurs in 15-57% of TNBC pts. BRCA-meth breast cancer (BC) display pathologic features and genetic profiles like germline BRCA1/2-mutated (g BRCA1/2m) carriers. O is a PARP inhibitor approved for treating g BRCAm HER2-negative advanced BC (aBC) pts. These are the results of a phase II study assessing the O efficacy in aTNBC pts with BRCA1/2-meth (NCT03205761). Methods: We included aTNBC pretreated pts (≥1 line) with centrally confirmed somatic BRCA1/2-meth (in most recent lesion(s) available) and no g BRCA1/2m. O 300mg b.i.d. was administered. BRCA1/2 CpG island was considered methylated if value was ≥25%. Overall response rate (ORR) (complete response [CR] + partial response [PR]) according to RECIST 1.1) was the primary objective. Thirty-one evaluable pts were required based on an optimal 2-stage Simon's design (α error=0.05, 1-β error=80%), estimating an ORR increase of 24%, with a null hypothesis of 30%. Whole exome/transcriptome and 105-genes NGS assays (Tempus xE & xF) were performed on pretreatment tumor and sequential ctDNA of a long-term responder. Results: Eleven pts received ≥1 cycle of O (ITT population). Median age was 51 years (37-64), and 8 pts were postmenopausal. All M0 pts at diagnosis had neo-/adjuvant chemotherapy (CT). Median O exposure duration was 8 (1-88) weeks and relative dose-intensity was 97% (76-100), with any dose modifications in 6 pts. ORR was 9% (1 PR/11; 95% CI, 0.2-41). Clinical benefit rate (CR + PR + stable disease of any duration) was 36% (4/11; 95% CI, 11-69). Most pts (n=9) discontinued O due to BC progression. Median PFS was 2 months (95% CI, 1-4), and median OS was 9 months (95% CI, 1-14). One pt with confirmed PR was on O for >20 months. AEs were reported in 3 pts in line with O safety profile. No AE led to O discontinuation and no SAEs were reported. The statistical assumptions for the 1st Simon's model stage were not met (≥ 4/12 pts with CR or PR), so the recruitment did not proceed onto the 2nd stage. Preliminary NGS analysis on the long-term responder identified alterations on tumor (TP53, BCL11A, MYC) and on-treatment ctDNA (PMS2). Conclusions: In this proof-of-concept study, O did not show clinically nor statistically significant antitumor activity in pretreated aTNBC pts with BRCA1/2-meth . Clinical trial information: NCT03205761 . [Table: see text]


Introduction. The authors explore the problem of increasing financial literacy in modern university students based on an analysis of the results of a sociological survey and cognitive modeling tools. The purpose of the study is to identify a set of interrelated factors that have the most significant impact on the level of financial literacy and predict the features of the development of the system. Materials and Methods. During the research, the survey method, mathematical and statistical methods for processing empirical data, expert assessment and computer modeling were used. The methodology of cognitive modeling, founded by R. Axelrod, was used as a methodological basis of the study. In order to identify factors that have the most significant impact on the level of financial literacy, a survey was conducted involving 195 Omsk university students. Based on the results of the survey and expert assessment, a cognitive model of the level of financial literacy was developed and a series of computer experiments were conducted. Results. During the research process, the highest priority topics in the field of financial education were revealed; a set of factors influencing the level of financial literacy was identified, connections between them were determined and an expert assessment of their intensity was carried out; a cognitive model of the level of financial literacy in the form of a weighted directed graph has been developed; a series of computer experiments was conducted and the impact on the target factor of influences of varying intensity exerted on the associated control factors such as, the ability to plan a personal budget, etc. was predicted. Conclusions. The study showed the social significance of increasing the level of financial literacy in university students. The results of the computer modeling made it possible to predict to what extent influences made on control factors can determine the level of financial literacy and to draw conclusions about the highest priority topics. The results obtained can serve as a scientific basis for designing financial literacy courses in modern universities.


Key management is vital part of security; this issue is even bigger in wireless network compared to wired network. The distribution of keys in an authenticated manner is a difficult task in WMANET and when a node leaves or joins it need to generate new session key to maintain forward and backward secrecy. This paper reviewed technological solutions for managing keys by divide the network into clusters. A clustering architecture increases network lifetime and fault tolerance, and results in more efficient use of network resources. Cluster head will maintain the group key; it will also update the group key whenever there is a change in the membership. And the CH is responsible for inter-cluster and intra-cluster communication. A Secondary Cluster Head (SCH) is also elected to avoid the CH from becoming a bottleneck, and also it acts a monitoring node for cluster head lifetime. The combination of Weight based Clustering and RSA algorithm has been proposed for secure multicast key distribution in which source node uses Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol to reach its destination. The weight based clustering approach is based on combined weight metric that takes into account of several system parameters like the degree difference, transmission range, battery power and mobility of the node. The performance of the system is evaluated based on the few metrics like Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), and end to end delay. As demonstrated, our algorithm reduces frequent head election phenomena by having SCH, thus improving overall performance and reducing energy utilization.


In this paper, we explore the possibility of mapping devices designed in TCAD environment to its modeled version developed in cadence virtuoso environment using a look-up table (LUT) approach. Circuit simulation of newly designed devices in TCAD environment is a very slow and tedious process involving complex scripting. Hence, the LUT based modeling approach has been proposed as a faster and easier alternative in cadence environment. The LUTs are prepared by extracting data from the device characteristics obtained from device simulation in TCAD. A comparative study is shown between the TCAD simulation and the LUT-based alternative to showcase the accuracy of modeled devices. Finally the look-up table approach is used to evaluate the performance of circuits implemented using 14 nm nMOSFET.


With the research methods of mathematical statistics,this paper studies the technique and tactic features of Xu Xin who played against Jiang Tianyi in the 2012 Qatar Table Tennis Open quarter final,so as to provide reference for Xu Xin in the future training and competition.Studies have shown that,Xu Xin's three scoring percentage has reached an excellent level,which is frequently used in serve-then-aggress part and rally part,especially in serve-then-aggress,Xu Xin attacks very actively and his scoring percentage reaches 86%.In the receive-then-aggress part,Xu Xin's scoring percentage is 50% which reaches the standards of excellence,and his utilization ratio(33%) was also high,but he is unskillful in receiving.In rally part,Xu Xin's scoring percentage was higher whereas his utilization ratio was lower.It is Xu Xin's strength that plays by means of angle forehand shot in sideways and angle forehand shot.However,Xu Xin plays very weak by means of the angle backhand shot and the forehand straight shot.The thesis suggests that Xu Xin improves the backhand stalemated capacity and increases the quality of backhand return.


How to combine segments of the smoking article From (; 20, 10) and aerosol forming substrate (11; 21) a substrate, the aerosol formation, but provides a group of segments having (10; 20) has a distal end (112;) 212 is a heat source (20, 10) ten won - However, the proximal end facing away (112; 211) is ten won;, steps that are arranged to border (10 20), - the wide end (131; 231) and the end is cut off the narrow end (130; 230) for having air flow inductive hollow conical body (13; 23) ends are cropped in the narrowest extremity end is cut off supply (130 ; step so as to be arranged opposite to and about 212), and; the distal end (112 21); 230), the aerosol forming substrate (11 - end a truncated hollow conical body (13; 23), the aerosol forming substrate (11; 21) the distal end of (112; 212) toward its distal end (112; 212) by moving the borders and or its distal and a step of so as to extend into the terminal;; indentation (213 113) at (112 212).


II A team of researchers at Lincoln Laboratory built an advanced 241-channel Hartmann wave&ont sensor for the adaptive optics system that was used in the Short-Wavelength Adaptive Techniques (SWAT) experiments. This sensor measures the phase of either pulsed or continuous sources ofvisible light. The instrument uses binary optics lens arrays made at Lincoln Laboratory to generate 16 X 16 subaperture focal spots whose centroids are measured with custom-built 64 X 64-pixel charge-coupled-device (CCD) cameras. The backilluminated CCD detectors have quantum efficiencies of 85% at 500 nm; the camera has a readout noise of25 electrons rms at 7000 frames/sec. A special pipeline processor converts the CCD camera data to wavefront gradients in 1.4 Jisec. The sensor has an accuracy of A./15 at an input light level of2000 photons per subaperture.


In this article, accurate modeling and decoupling control of a linear ironless PM actuator are implemented for precision engineering. Given the fringing effect due to the finite length, the magnetic field of the PMs and the three-phase winding are both calculated by applying an improved Fourier series expansion. Subsequently, based on a distributed model, the associated flux linkage and winding inductances are obtained and validated. Compared with rotary motors of physical symmetry, the winding inductance matrix makes the electrical model of the finite-long linear actuator present a new non-uniform form, to which the classic decoupling technique is inapplicable directly. Therefore, improved decoupling strategies are established utilizing the zeroth-order approximation of the inductances based on the $dq0$ transformation, as well as a real-time updating scheme. Physical experiments show that high-order harmonics are eliminated by applying the non-uniform model, which makes it effective and applicable.


Dibyendu Kumar from the University of Florida discusses whole-genome optical mapping to help validate bacterial genome assemblies on June 3, 2010 at the "Sequencing, Finishing, Analysis in the Future" meeting in Santa Fe, NM


PURPOSE: To reduce the facility capacity of a supply pump nd to reduce the quantity of utility of electricity, water, etc., by diving a large-sized tower tank, etc., into ≥2 parts and welding and assembling them in one body at an installation site, and mounting a pressure receiving part which close the weld zone airtightly and removing it after a test. CONSTITUTION: The tower body which is assembled integrally in a factory and tested as to hydraulic pressure and airtightness is divided into ≥2 parts along a vertical plane of the tower axis by gas cutting. They are carried to an installation site and welded at a peripheral joint weld zone 2 while laid down; when radiation inspection is necessary, a photograph is taken by utilizing the inner and outer surfaces of the weld zone 2. Then, a pipe is divided longitudinally into two, the pressure receiving member 3 which is bent to the same diameter as the inner diameter of the main body 1 is set opposite the weld zone 2 and mounted along the contacting line by continuous welding, and thus the weld zone 2 is surrounded to form an airtight closed space. Then, piping for pressurized water is connected to a nozzle for raising pressure provided to the member 3 to supply pressurized water, and the pressure is raised up to specific inspection pressure. The member 3 is removed after the hydraulic pressure. The member 3 is removed after the hydraulic pressure test. COPYRIGHT: (C)1987,JPO&Japio


. Asgeirsson's theorem establishes a mean value property for solutions of the ultrahyperbolic equation. In the case of four variables, it states that the integrals of a solution over certain pairs of conjugate circles are the same. In this paper, the invariance of the four dimensional ultrahyperbolic equation under conformal maps of the pseudo-Euclidean space of signature 2+2 is used to get the most general version of the mean value theorem. The name non-degenerate conjugate conics is used for the most general pairs of curves over which solutions of the ultrahyperbolic equation enjoy the mean value property. These are proven to be pairs of conic sections, so that, in addition to conjugate circles which were known to exist, the picture is com- pleted by finding mean value theorems over conjugate hyperbolae, conjugate parabolae, and line-empty pairs. In addition, Fritz John established a link between conjugate circles and the two rulings of a hyperboloid of revolution. The line incidence property of doubly ruled surfaces is used to prove a one-to-one correspondence between non-degenerate conjugate conics and pairs of rulings of doubly ruled surfaces in Euclidean 3-space.


The induction of specific-antibody that targets the surface of a pathogen or its secreted components is the basis of immunological memory to natural infection and vaccination. This antibody, induced after natural infection or vaccination, saves millions of lives every year. The few vaccines against Gram-negative bacteria either target one antigen, the surface capsular polysaccharides, or are complex vaccines involving the whole organism or complex mixtures of multiple antigens. In this project, we studied how antibody binds to the Salmonella outer membrane porin D (STm-OmpD) on the bacterial surface and why it is protective. Immunisation with STmOmpD provides serovar-specific protection because: 1) lgG can access a single epitope, which is under selective pressure; 2) lgG can access the bacterial surface in the "footprint" made by the OmpD trimer; and 3) Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 0-antigen (0-Ag) influences the access of lgG to epitopes. Further, protection after immunisation with STm-OmpD is detectable by 4 hours after infection and requires GR1+ cells, IFNg, and Th1 responses for optimal protection, but not lgG2a/c. These data provide insights into how antibody to the Gramnegative bacterial surface can help protect against infection and will aid in the optimisation of subunit vaccines targeting Salmonella.


ABSTRACT Household survey data for II Latin American countries are used to assess earnings differentials by type of secondary education during the late 1980s. Introduction of the cost of the curriculum allows for the estimation of private and social rates of return to investment in education by type of secondary school curriculum. The paper documents mixed results. In some countries the private returns to vocational schooling are higher than the returns to general secondary schooling. Introducing differential cost of curriculum and estimating social returns to schooling results in much lower returns to vocational schooling. [1] The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and should not be attributed to the World Bank.


This thesis evaluated and compared social criteria of ecological (eco) and social labels used in the textile and apparel industry. One objective was to demonstrate potential impacts of sustainably labeled apparel. Based on the impact analysis, as well as the label evaluation results, additional criteria were proposed to address gaps and further strengthen the impact of the labels. The research results were used to propose purchase recommendations for consumers. Information about relevant consumer facing labels was collected through standardsmap.org and ecolabelindex.com. Social criteria were evaluated by the topics and stakeholder groups covered, and by the specificity of the requirements. To assess the potential positive impacts of the social criteria, a social life cycle assessment (S-LCA) was conducted. The baseline assessment was done for conventional cotton blouses produced in India and sold and used in the USA. A second comparative S-LCA analyzed cotton blouses certified with a social label. An environmental life cycle assessment (E-LCA) was also conducted to measure differences between eco-labeled and conventional apparel. Data collection for the life cycle inventory was mainly carried out through literature review and former LCA studies. Input and output adjustments to the comparative E-LCA were made based on the Global Organic Textile Standard (GOTS) label requirements. This included, among other requirements, that certain chemicals prohibited by GOTS were not used in the cotton cultivation and textile production. During research the focus shifted from environmental to social issues and opportunities because there were already several rankings of eco-labels available. Hence this thesis is an attempt to recommend textile labels that improve stakeholders' livelihoods, based on the reduced social risk S-LCA results. This research explores how end consumers could support social developments through the purchase of eco and socially (sustainably) labeled products, specifically garments. Sustainable products might be more expensive but if the positive impacts are better managed and communicated, consumers may demand more of these products.


This paper examines producer perceptions of jointly beneficial relationships among best management practices for improved water quality. Identifying producer tendencies to bundle these types of practices may increase adoption and lower the costs of voluntary adoption programmes, particularly those relying on dissemination of information. Unlike previous studies, perceived changes in environmental quality, as well as perceived changes in profits, are used to define jointly beneficial inputs. The econometric model used in the analysis demonstrates that two of the three management practices considered are perceived to be jointly beneficial.


Migrating from northern Ghana to the coastal capital Accra in search of work, female head porters ('kayayei') find themselves in social structures and spatial orders that are imbued with various relations of seniority and power that constrain newcomers' entrepreneurial options. Yet, with the recent arrival of Chinese entrepreneurs in the social arena of Accra's marketplace, these power relations and gate-keeping mechanisms have begun to change. In this article, we analyse how female head porters perceive and appropriate the opportunities that arise as a result of the Chinese being seen by both they themselves and others as outsiders to Ghanaian society. By unintentionally enabling head-load carriers to extend their actual and symbolic claims to spatial realms that they were previously excluded from, the Chinese traders are facilitating head porters' expanded role within the social construction of place and space in Ghana's main urban market centre. They are therefore altering the patterns of everyday interactions between these head-load carriers and their environment.


The New Urbanism is an international movement to reform the design of the built environment to improve the quality of life; as it promotes the creation and revitalization of existing cities composed of a diverse environment that is living in neighborhoods in which residence, work, and recreation principally coexist. The challenge of urban designers is to create spaces that are friendly to both pedestrians and drivers. However, the use of different transport systems, such as cycling and walking, are central to the principles of new urbanism; because this way you can establish connections between public spaces, forming a network that provides relationships and gives structure to the city.
The objective of this thesis is to regenerate the public space in the center-north of the city of Quito, in the current batch Benalcazar College. That is why Benalcazar Plaza project promotes an urban concept that fosters the creation of communities where residential, commercial, industrial and recreational uses are integrated and interconnected by open, public spaces, comfortable and safe for public use.


When the 14NH3 molecules in the upper inversion level of the J=8, K=7 (para) rotational state are pumped by using the N2O P (13) laser line, many microwave inversion lines change their intensities because of collision‐induced populational transfer. Pressure dependence of this effect has been studied for several tens of inversion transitions in the ground vibrational state. The non‐Boltzmann distribution introduced into the pumped levels is transfered to other levels by two mechanisms: (i) collision‐induced transitions into or out of the pumped levels and succeeding cascading processes and (ii) selective energy transfer mechanisms to collision partners. In the former mechanism the transfer of populational change is caused by the transition of pumped molecules whereas in the latter it is caused by collision partners. Although the first mechanism is more efficient than the second, the second mechanism is not negligible and causes the populational change in also ortho rotational state. We used mixtures of 15N...


The eye of Pecten has been described histologically many times (see Patten, 1886; Dakin, 1910). There has, however, been no serious attempt to examine it as an optical system, nor to assess the nature and quality of the visual image that such an eye produces. Structurally, the eye possesses many features typical of the camera eyes of vertebrates, cephalopods, and some annelids, and most workers have assumed that the optical system was analogous to that of camera eyes, with a lens forming an image on a retina lining the back of the eye (Text-fig. 1).


This paper conducts an exploratory study whose overall objective is to analyze sexual behavior, level of knowledge and attitudes about safe sex practices in a sample of people with intellectual disabilities to prevent sexual violence against this group. The sample is composed of 78 people (39 men and 39 women) with a mild or moderate intellectual disability. The results obtained through a structured interview indicate that the level of knowledge about sexual practices highlights that 73.1% had sexual intercourse, 87.4% had knowledge of the different types of contraceptive methods and 56.3% trust the professionals and educators to address sexuality issues. These results underscore the importance of tailoring affective-sexual educations programs for this group.


Until recently, China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has overlooked many of the social and environmental dimensions of its projects and actions in favor of more immediate economic and sociopolitical considerations. The main focus of investments under BRI has largely been to improve transport, telecommunication, and energy infrastructures. However, in Central Asia, biodiversity is not only foundational for the livelihoods and socioeconomic wellbeing of communities, it also shapes people's culture and identities. Furthermore, ecosystem services derived from functioning landscapes bring enormous benefit for millions of people downstream through integrated and transboundary water systems. Already under pressure from climate‐induced melting of glaciers, the fate of ecologically important areas is considered in light of the potential harm arising from large‐scale linear infrastructure projects and related investments under China‐led BRI. Following review of some of the anticipated impacts of BRI on mountain environments and societies in the region, we highlight several emerging opportunities and then offer recommendations for development programs—aiming fundamentally to enhance the sustainability of BRI investments. Leveraging new opportunities to strengthen partner countries' priority Sustainable Development Goals and enhancing their agency in the selection of collaborations and the standards to use in environmental impact and risk assessments are recommended.


Foreign policy has been defined by Holsti (1995), as the actions of a state towards the external environment and the conditions usually domestic under which these actions are formulated. In the same vein, Rodee (1957, in Obi 2015), sees it "as the formulation and implementation of a group of principles which shape the behaviour pattern of a state while negotiating with other states to protect or further its vital interests". It is important to note at this point that it is not all international contacts that can be really associated with foreign policy, because foreign policy covers only the activities which are sponsored supported or are known by the government. The implication of this is that actions which are international in character but which are conducted without the knowledge of the government cannot be classified under foreign policy. Secondly, according to Obikeze and Obi (2003), is that it is wrong to assume that the foreign policy of states emanates from the domestic scene, as this notion does not take into cognizance the place or position of weak, dependent or satellite states that lack the capacity for autonomous actions due to their dependent status in the international political economy. Thus, for these unfortunate states, their foreign policy actions emanate abroad, and are confronted by external forces for which they have little or no control, and which they believe they cannot confront.


The invention relates to a preparation method of bait for fishing beard catfish; the bait comprises the following components in percentage by weight: bran powder, sorghum peel powder, wheat bran powder, black rice peel powder, green insect powder, freshwater shrimp powder, sheep bone powder, earthworm powder, sweet potato flour, vegetable protein powder, animal protein powder, banana meal, honeysuckle powder, semen cassiae powder, ginkgo powder, sesame powder and rhizoma anemarrhenae powder; the bait for fishing the beard catfish is rich is fragrance and thick in fishy as well as sweet smell after being put into the water, so that the beard catfish can smell the fishy and sweet smell of the bait from the far place; and the bait slowly expands in the water like live bait food, so that the beard catfish can be gathered together within the shortest time to snatch the bait.


The mixture of 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane(HFC245fa) and hydrogen fluoride(HF) has a minimum axeotrope.In this paper,a process of pressure-swing distillation for separation of HFC-245fa and HF azeotrope was simulated by Aspen Plus.Binary interaction parameters of the WILS-HF model between HFC-245fa and HF were regressed against experimental data of vapor liquid equilibria of HFC-245fa and HF.Based on the thermodynamic model,the separation flowsheet,including a high-pressure distillation column and a low-pressure distillation column in series,was simulated and analyzed by Aspen Plus.Important process parameters were optimized to minimize energy consumption.The simulation result can be used for the design of an industrial plant.


Wood fibres is a type of natural fibres suitable for composite applications. The abundance of wood in Swedish forests makes wood-fibre composites a new and interesting application for the Swedish p ...


[1] Grass crop species, rice and sorghum, that are widely grown in the southeastern Texas region were analyzed for release of biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in simulated leaf-drying/senescence experiments. VOC release was measured by both online proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) and proton transfer ion trap mass spectrometry (PIT-MS) methods, and it was demonstrated that these two grass crops release a large variety of oxygenated VOCs upon drying under laboratory conditions primarily from leaves and not from stems. VOC release from paddy rice varieties was much greater than from sorghum, and major VOCs identified by gas chromatography PTR-MS included methanol, acetaldehyde, acetone, n-pentanal, methyl propanal, hexenol, hexanal, cis-3-hexenal, and trans-2-hexenal. The latter four VOCs, all C6 compounds known to be formed in wounded leaves, were the major volatiles released from drying rice leaves; smaller but substantial amounts of acetaldehyde were observed in all drying experiments. Online detection of VOCs using PIT-MS gave results comparable to those obtained with PTR-MS, and use of PIT-MS with collision-induced dissociation of trapped ions allowed unambiguous determination of the ratios of cis- and trans-hexenals during different phases of drying. As rice is one of the largest harvested crops on a global scale, it is conceivable that during rice senescence releases of biogenic VOCs, especially the reactive C6 wound VOCs, may contribute to an imbalance in regional atmospheric oxidant formation during peak summer/fall ozone formation periods. A county-by-county estimate of the integrated emissions of reactive biogenic VOCs from sorghum and rice production in Texas suggests that these releases are orders of magnitude lower than anthropogenic VOCs in urban areas but also that VOC emissions from rice in southeastern coastal Texas may need to be included in regional air quality assessments during periods of extensive harvesting.


This paper presents different approaches for denoising sensor signals using the Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) technique. These techniques will be applied to denoise two real signals from the sensors of a test bench. For beginning, we mention the different types of noise that can affect various sensor signals from a test bench for aeronautical equipment during test. Then, we describe two approaches of denoising based on EMD algorithm, and we proposed a new method with is also based on the EMD algorithm. At the end of this article we discuss different results and comparing different methods, that allow removing or reduction of different types of noise.