Prolyl hydroxylases catalyze the post-translational formation of 3and 4-hydroxyprolines in polypeptides. To date, two prolyl 4-hydroxylase families are known to exist: collagen prolyl 4hydroxylases (C-P4Hs) which reside in the endoplasmic reticulum, and hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl 4-hydroxylases (HIF-P4Hs) which are located in either the cytoplasm or nucleus. C-P4Hs and HIF-P4Hs belong to the 2-oxoglutarate dioxygenase family and require Fe2+, 2-oxoglutarate, O2 and ascorbate in their reaction. C-P4Hs are critical enzymes in collagen biosynthesis since the formation of 4-hydroxyproline residues stabilizes the collagen triple helix at body temperature. HIF-P4Hs regulate, through hypoxia-inducible factor HIF, the expression of genes that are essential for the survival of cells during hypoxia. This thesis reports the cloning and characterization of two novel P4Hs, from human and a plant, which show some distinct features when compared to previously characterized P4Hs. The human P4H was found to have a unique transmembrane domain, with its catalytic region residing inside the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum, its subcellular localization thus being identical to that of the CP4Hs. However, unlike C-P4Hs, it hydroxylated HIF-α both in vitro and in cellulo. Furthermore, its expression level was induced in hypoxic conditions in most of the cell lines studied. The Arabidopsis thaliana P4H had distinct differences in its substrate specificity when compared to another previously characterized A. thaliana P4H. Interestingly, the putative peptide binding regions of the two new P4Hs characterized in this study shared some homology. Three prolyl 3-hydroxylase (P3H) isoenzymes are known to exist in vertebrates and they also belong to the 2-oxoglutarate dioxygenases. It is known that 3-hydroxyprolines are found only in collagens, being most abundant in type IV collagen. The function of this modification is as yet poorly understood, but its absence in collagen I has recently been shown to lead to recessive lethal osteogenesis imperfecta. The human P3H isoenzymes were cloned during these thesis studies, and were expressed as recombinant proteins. The kinetic properties of one of them, P3H2, which was found to be expressed in structures rich with basement membranes, was studied in detail.


Consider the problem of searching for a leprechaun that moves randomly between two sites. The movement is modelled with a two-state Markov chain. One of the sites is searched at each time t = 1,2,…, until the leprechaun is found. Associated with each search of site i is an overlook probability αi and a cost Ci Our aim is to determine the policy that will find the leprechaun with the minimal average cost. Let p denote the probability that the leprechaun is at site 1. Ross conjectured that an optimal policy can be defined in terms of a threshold probability P* such that site 1 is searched if and only if p ≥ P*. We show this conjecture to be correct (i) when α1 = α2 and C1 = C2, (ii) for general Ci when the overlook probabilities α, are small, and (iii) for general αi and Ci for a large range of transition laws for the movement. We also derive some properties of the optimal policy for the problem on n sites in the no-overlook case and for the case where each site has the same αi, and Ci.


A computational enterprise model representing key facets of are organization care be are effective tool to consider where planning are enterprise information architecture. For example, a specific organization's quality management business processes and organizational structures can be represented using such a model, and then compared to a reference model of "good" processes and structures, such as the ISO 9000 standards. The specific and reference models can be represented using common entities, attributes, and relationships-comprising general schema or data model-which are then formally defined and constrained. These definitions and constraints can be used as inference rules applied to the models. Hence identification of differences between the models as quality problems can be automatically inferred, as can the analysis and correction of problems. In this paper; the TOTE ISO 9000 Micro-Theory is presented as a formal reference model of quality goodness. ISO 9000 requirements represented as inference rules in the micro-theory are applied to facts about an organization's quality management processes and structures, and conformance or nonconformance to requirements is automatically inferred. TOTE Ontologies for Quality Modeling are the common data and logical (formal definitions and constraints) models of the reference and specific organization's models. The example use of the micro-theory demonstrates enterprise model use for a pre-audit, which lowers the cost and time for improving quality through achieving ISO 9000 compliance. Since these enterprise models are constructed using ontologies, benefits of using ontologies such as model re-usability and sharability can be reaped.


ABSTRACT The purpose of this review paper is to present a case for more proximal and emic approaches to the study of religious meaning-making in suffering. Meaning-making is an important way in which religion and spirituality contribute to adjustment in the context of encountering difficult life events. However, much of the available research on religious meaning-making ignores the contributions of specific religions to the meaning-making process. We begin by presenting a rationale for more sustained attention to religion-specific resources for meaning-making in suffering. Using Park's meaning-making model as the organising framework, we then articulate how religions contribute unique global beliefs, situational beliefs, meaning-making processes, and valued outcomes to meaning-making. We illustrate these using existing research. Next, we suggest a refinement to Park's model, offering a preliminary recursive model involving these identified components. We conclude with a brief prospectus informed by our model for future research.


BACKGROUND: In this study, the factors affecting level of disclosure of HIV staus to sexual partners was studied among HIV positive women in Ikere Ekiti. PATIENTS AND METHODS: An interviewer administered questionnnaire was administered to 50 female respondent attending care and support group meeting. The degree of correlation between disclosure of HIV status to sexual partner and level of education was studied using chi square method at level of significance of α = 0.05. other factors were also compared e.g. stigmatisation, fear of divorce etc. RESULT: Despite effort and resources available for HIV care including counselling service, 76% of patient who have not disclosed their status are not ready for disclosure. The study also shows that there is no relationship between level of education and significance. Stigmatization is still a big challenge in the fight against the scourge as majority attached non disclosure to fear of stigma. CONCLUSION: Much effort is still required in the aspect of disclosure of HIV status among sexual partners through improvement of counselling section, legislation against non disclosure that is harmful to others and adoption of contract referal system into our health policy. South American Journal of Public Health, Volume-2, Issue-1, 2014, ISSN: 2309-6470 2 IDENTIFICATION OF PROBLEM Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV and AIDS) is now a chronic infectious disease due to availability of potent antiretroviral drugs to inhibit its progression. Despite the availability of potent antiretroviral drugs, it still remains the leading cause of death from infectious diseases especially among the reproductive age group in the developing world in which Ikere Ekiti in southwestern Nigeria is not an exemption. The disease prevalence is more in women than men. A survey conducted in Nigeria put the prevalence in women between ages 15-24 years to be three times higher than that of men. It also revealed that female constitute about 58% of people living with HIV and AIDS (PLWHA) . HIV prevalence in Nigeria is 3.6% in the year 3013 while the median prevalence among pregnant women is 4.1%. Despite the mass enlightenment about the disease, it is still difficult to disclose ones status either openly or to a close relative and sexual partners due to stigma attached to the disease and many on towards effect. Data on rate of disclosure either among sexual partners or to other people in Nigeria are not readily available and nil national survey to that effect despite its high importance in curbing the spread of the infection which in one of the most important goal in HIV and AIDS control programme. Local study at the State Specialist Hospital, Ikere Ekiti in Southwestern Nigeria which serves as main treatment center for the city and its neighboring towns revealed that about 64.6% of pregnant women attending Prevention of Mother to Child transmission clinic (PMTCT) have not disclosed their status to their sexual partners. LITERATURE REVIEW HIV and AIDS is one of the highly stigmatized diseases in this part of the world. Other diseases in this category are leprosy, epilepsy, pulmonary tuberculosis and psychiatric illnesses. Despite the wide campaign and series of legislation on the disease, people living with HIV and AIDS are still being discriminated against virtually in all aspect of the society particularly in term of social relationship with others in the community, housing, employment and other basic needs of man which may even weigh the patient down even developing psychiatric disorders like depression. South American Journal of Public Health, Volume-2, Issue-1, 2014, ISSN: 2309-6470 3 Disclosure is the process of telling another person or community about ones HIV status. It is an act of revealing ones state of health, in this contest HIV status, to those that are important to the patient i.e. people that are affected by his/her HIV status. These people may include the sexual partners, children and other patient's dependant. Disclosure of HIV status could be very challenging and require a lot of encouragement and counseling (Disclosure counseling) Disclosure of status is affected by many factors in our local environment which includes major factors like: • Fear of being neglected by the loved ones. • Fear of broken family due to high risk of being divorced and it's on towards effect on the childrenchildren of broken home are prone to risky behaviour due to lack of parental guidance and poverty e.g. engaging in prostitution to make ends meet. • Fear of stigmatization • Fear of physical abuse and exposure by the sexual partner. This is particularly common in those that have being having estranged relationship. Women in Africa especially among the uneducated are prone to abuse from their male partners. • Patient in a polygamous family setting may find it difficult to disclose due to fear of reaction from other wives and fear of being blamed for introducing the disease to the household which is not usually true in most cases as studies done has shown that male risky sexual behavior account for larger proportion of HIV/AIDS transmission. • Other factors include having new sexual partners e.g. a newly married patient after previous divorce or death of sexual partnerfear of being lonely again. Patient with multiple sexual partners may not want to disclose her status due to lack of commitment /importance attached to the relationship or well being of the partners e.g. in cases of commercial sex workers which still serves as main source of infection in our environment. Enabling factors for disclosure include: South American Journal of Public Health, Volume-2, Issue-1, 2014, ISSN: 2309-6470 4 • Stable and harmonious relationshippeople in a long term and very cordial relationship have confidence and find it easy to reveal their status to their sexual partners than those in casual or estranged relationship. • Known status of partners: it is easier for a patient to disclose to a sexual partner if the status of the partner is known to be positive unlike in discordant couples. • Previous discussion between sexual partners about HIV and AIDS goes a long way to determine attitude towards disclosure. • Attitude/ temperament of the partner. A study conducted in Cape Town, South Africa revealed that 20% of 630 HIV infected men and women have not disclosed their status to their partners. In a similar study carried out at adult clinic in kemissie district of North-East Ethiopia revealed that out 360 patient studied, 93.1% have disclosed their status to their sexual partners with 74.5% accepted, 10.8 % of them faced with minor challenges or suspicion of result and 7.8% were faced with physical abuse and blame . The level of acceptance in this study is very significant and can be adduced to factors like high level of awareness of the disease among people and knowledge of safety precaution. Prior studies on the role of gender in disclosure have shown no significant difference, however, the barriers and motivators of disclosure varied by gender. In a study conducted putting various ethnicity into consideration (including black, white, latino) and different risk of transmission (IV drug user, homosexual and heterosexual) about 60% have disclosed their status while 40% have not disclosed. The odd that individual with 1 sexual partner disclosed was 3.2 times the odds that a person with multiple sexual partners disclosed. The odds that an individual with high spousal support disclosed was 2.8 times the odds of individuals without spousal support. The odds that whites or latinos disclosed was 3.1 times the odds that black disclosed. This study corroborate the fact that multiple sexual partners is one of the main factors millitating against disclosure. This is common among the blacks in which Ikere people are not an exemption. Though Ekiti State is one of states in Nigeria with least HIV prevalence, ranking second to Kebbi State, Ikere Ekiti is one of the town with highest prevalence in the State. Non disclosure as evidenced by the local data collected in HIV positive women under PMTCT with about 64.6% not ready to disclose their status to their husband / sexual partner despite series of disclosive counselling is a major challenge to the control of spread of HIV infection. Hence the high prevalence rate. South American Journal of Public Health, Volume-2, Issue-1, 2014, ISSN: 2309-6470 5 There is increase rate of coarbitation and pregnancy out of wedding as many youth get involved in unsafe sex practice. This has greatly increased due to effect of improved access to multimedia and internet facilities which has greatly influenced our adolescents and youth. Nigeria is a typical example where study shown that with advent of GSM (Global System Mobile telecommunication) around year 2000, there has been significant increase in risky behaviour like unsafe sexual practice, homosexuals, changes in mode of dressing – copying body revealing type of dressing in the western world. This has in turn increase the prevalence of raping particularly in female. Most youth were also found to be accessing internet for pornographic video and picture to enhance sexual stimulation. Involvement of younger age in unplanned marriage particularly in some cultures in Nigeria is a great risk in disclosure as most ladies (adolescent) are bethroted to an elderly person or arranged into marriage without her full conscent or even when she is too young to make a sound decision. This predispose to poor relationship (Boss to servant relationship) hence, low spouse support. Non disclosure has also been found to have adverse effect of the patient themselves in term of their adherence to medications, regularity in clinic and care and support group meeting. About 73% of patient under PMTCT who have not disclosed in SSH Ikere were found to be irregular with their drug pick up and adherence. Reasons for these usually include inability to give ge


Decapod Iridescent Virus (DIV1) belonging to the family iridoviridae, has huge impacts of crustacean farming industry especially shrimp industry. SHIV- shrimp haemocyte iridescent virus and CQIV- Cherax quadricarinatus iridovirus belongs to genus Decapodiridovirus mainly infects hematopoietic tissue and gills of shrimps and other crustaceans. This article strives to provide overview of the fatality of the virus over the crustaceans and its impact over global aquaculture industry.


We present the experimental realization of spectrally tunable, ultrashort, quasi-monochromatic extreme ultraviolet (XUV) pulses generated at 100 kHz repetition rate in a user-oriented gas high harmonic generation beamline of the Extreme Light Infrastructure—Attosecond Light Pulse Source facility. Versatile spectral and temporal shaping of the XUV pulses is accomplished with a double-grating, time-delay compensated monochromator accommodating the two composing stages in a novel, asymmetrical geometry. This configuration supports the achievement of high monochromatic XUV flux (2.8 ± 0.9 × 1010 photons/s at 39.7 eV selected with 700 meV full width at half maximum bandwidth) combined with ultrashort pulse duration (4.0 ± 0.2 fs using 12.1 ± 0.6 fs driving pulses) and small spot size (sub-100 µm). Focusability, spectral bandwidth, and overall photon flux of the produced radiation were investigated, covering a wide range of instrumental configurations. Moreover, complete temporal (intensity and phase) characterization of the few-femtosecond monochromatic XUV pulses—a goal that is difficult to achieve by conventional reconstruction techniques—has been realized using a ptychographic algorithm on experimentally recorded XUV-infrared pump–probe traces. The presented results contribute to in situ, time-resolved experiments, accessing direct information on the electronic structure dynamics of novel target materials.


We present two tools, which could be useful in determining whether or not a non-Homogenous Linear Recurrence can reach a desired rational. First, we derive the determinant that is equal to the ith term in a non-Homogenous Linear Recurrence. We use this to derive the infinite determinant that is zero, if and only if, the desired rational can be reached by some term in the recurrence. Second, we derive an infinite summation of rational Polynomials, such that this summation can be equal to 1, if and only if, the desired rational can be reached by some term in the recurrence.


This paper introduces a non-standard semantics for a modal version of constructive KT for contextual (assumptions-based) verification. The modal fragment expresses verifiability under extensions of contexts, enjoying adapted validity and (weak) monotonicity properties depending on satisfaction of the contextual data.


SUMMARY Information on the biological activity of a substance is often obtained from experiments in which the treatments comprise a series of doses of the substance and a zero dose control. The aim of such experiments, particularly in toxicity stuidies, may be to determine the lowest dose, if any, at which there is activity. A new test procedure is proposed for this situation in the case where the activity of iinterest is a change in the mean of a single response variate. Tables are given whereby this procedure can be used when all treatments are equally replicated. The advantages of this test over other established tests are discussed. In experiments designed to assess the biological activity of a substance the treatments often comprise a series of doses of the substance and also a control treatment equivalent to zero dose. Usually more than one variate is recorded, but statements are required on the effect of the substance on each of the recorded variates, or given functions of them, and separate univariate analyses are appropriate rather than a multivariate analysis. In this paper we consider the case of a single quantitative variate and we assume that the response, if any, of the variate to the substance is a change in the mean. Two distinct situations arise depending on whether the response is desirable or undesirable. If the response is desirable, for example if it is a measure of the efficacy of a drug or a pesticide, then interest usually centres on estimating the dose level at which the response attains a given magniitude. The most appropriate analysis is to fit a dose response regression and to estimate from this the dose at which the regression achieves a certain level, usually defiled in terms of a difference from the control mean. This paper is concerned with the second situation where the response is undesirable. The most common examples of this occur in studies of the


This article presents research materials which demonstrate historical consciousness for women of ancient European descent, the cultural heritage of the author. Awareness is examined from various historical angles in a transdisciplinary approach to the work. I explore the possibility that women's historical and continued oppression may be a sign of the disintegration of the mental and a re-emergence of the integral structure of consciousness. A broad examination of women's historical roles and corresponding thought shows how ancient consciousness may be used to accelerate a path toward integral consciousness today. Finally, this essay proposes that women's historical consciousness and primordial memories of gender neutral societies may be unseen factors–gifts yet to be unveiled–that women may contribute toward hastening the assimilation of integral consciousness.


An SCR catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides comprises: a carrier prepared from a support in which Ti-PILC is mixed with titania (TiO 2 ); and a catalyst material on the carrier, wherein the catalyst material may contain an active material of a vanadium (V 2 O 5 ) component and a cocatalyst of a tungsten (W0 3 ) component. On the basis of the total weight of the catalyst, the support Ti-PILC may be contained at 0.01-40 wt%, and the support titania (TiO 2 ) may be contained at 50-90 wt%. In addition, a method for producing an SCR catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides comprises the steps of: preparing a carrier by using a support in which Ti-PILC is mixed with titania (TiO 2 ); and supporting a catalyst material on the carrier. Therefore, the present invention can provide: an SCR catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides, which has an excellent nitrogen oxide removing performance and a high producing convenience; and a method for producing the same.


We present a Cr:forsterite ring laser producing 30 fs pulses at a 420 MHz repetition rate. The output is broadened in highly nonlinear fiber yielding spectra covering 1050-2200 nm. 02000 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: (060.45 10) Optical communications, (140.7090) Ultrafast lasers, (120.3940) Metrology We have developed a chromium-doped forsterite femtosecond ring laser that generates 30 fs pulses at a 420 ME-Iz repetition rate with -500 mW of average power. To our knowledge, this is the first ring configuration as well as the highest repetition rate yet reported for a femtosecond Cr:forsterite laser. The compact solid-state design and broad spectral output make this laser attractive for applications in the important 1.3-1.6 pm regime. Additional spectral broadening of the laser output in highly nonlinear optical fibers leads to supercontinuum generation, with the broadest spectra extending across an octave. The underlying optical frequency comb can be linked to existing optical frequency standards, thereby establishing a broad array of precisely known frequencies across the near infrared spectrum. Because of its importance for fiber-based communications [l], the 1.3-1.6 pm regime is a natural direction in whch to spread the new tools of femtosecond-laser-based frequency metrology [2-41. Towards this end, we have developed a high repetition rate, broadband Cr:forsterite femtosecond laser. Our laser consists of a compact, prismless 6-mirror ring cavity similar to earlier work with Tksapphire [5]. The repetition rate in this present configuration is 420 MHz, yet we believe it could readily be increased to 1 GHz. The pump is a 10 W Ytterbium fiber laser operating at 1075 nm. Intra-cavity dispersion compensation is provided by a combination of chirped and GTI (Gires-Tournois interferometer) mirrors. For the optimal dispersion compensation, we obtain a FWHM spectral width of 59 nm. This spectrum is shown as curve (iv) in Fig. l(a). External compression with chirped mirrors provides 30 fs pulses. The average power is 480 mW, implying a pulse energy of 1.1 nJ. 100


The finite element model of aqueduct is established. Numerical simulations of the seismic responses of the large-scale aqueduct are performed within the MATLAB environment through a SIMULINK block. Respectively using traditional Newmark method and the SIMULINK method to calculate an example, the calculating results were compared. The results showed that, compared with traditional analysis method, the solution method based on the SIMULINK block is simple, precise, facile, with intuitional and believable results. It is also convenient for control calculation.


The aim of the study was to determine which clinico-pathohistological parameters represent
high risk factors for metastatic progression which would enable better selection of SLNB
candidates.
Study group included 844 patients with PCM diagnosed between January 1, 2005 and
December 31, 2010. SLNB was conducted in 484 (57.3%) patients. Positive node has been
found in 122 (14.5%) and metastatic development in 205 (24.28%) patients.
Half of our patients had thin tumors (≤1.5 mm). This group was stratified by 0.25 mm and
tested separately. 184 (43%) patients underwent SLNB, with positive results in 22 patients
(12%). Metastatic development was found in 30 patients (7.65%).
Multivariate analysis was done on both group, testing SLNB and metastatic outcome.
When deciding to conduct SLNB, except tumor thickness, other parameters must be taken
into consideration, among which: ulceration, lymphocyte infiltration, microsatellitosis, Clark
level, trunk and acral localization and male gender predict a positive SLNB outcome. It seems
that additional presence of mitoses and nodular melanoma increase the probability of
metastatic spread. In the group of thin lesions: gender, localization and type of melanoma
does not play an important role.
Further analysis with different cofounding variables: age, gender, thickness, mitotic rate and
ulceration gave us quite different results, showing significantly different biological behavior
of thin tumors.
By applying stepwise logistic regression we set up mathematical models for prognosis of
sentinel and metastatic outcome. With accuracy approximately 80%, this could be good
additional tool in risk estimation.
Particularly in case of very thin lesions, tumor thickness is not sufficient and should be
evaluated with other clinico-pathohistological indicators.


It's to be hoped that Gunybi Ganambarr doesn't read his own catalogues. Of Guynbi's solo exhibition at Annandale Galleries, Sydney, earlier this year, the Sydney Morning Herald's John McDonald generated hyperbole sufficient to turn any young man's head: 'It's hard to think of another artist of any nationality or ethnicity that has made so many leaps in such a short space of time.' He then casually compares the North East Arnhem Land star with Carl Andre and Andy Warhol, concluding that their revolutionary breakthroughs 'were ridiculously trivial alongside Gunybi Ganambarr'!


Curry, James E., M.A., Spring 1977 History Portugal and Her Islands: A Study in Strategic Location (177 pp.) Director: Paul Gordon Lauren f'cVLStrategic location is a concept which deserves systematic examina tion. The history of Portugal and her Atlantic island possessions offers an opportunity for such analysis. Strategic location is de fined as the quality of being situated on the earth's surface in such a way that location, alone or in combination with other factors, is of significance in international relations. Portugal's early history was largely shaped by her location. Her position on the western coast of the Iberian peninsula aided the Portu guese to escape incorporation into the Spanish state and encouraged them to embark on a program of oceanic exploration that profoundly in fluenced the history not only of Portugal but of the entire world. Early in their ventures into the Atlantic Ocean the Portuguese dis covered the Madeira and the Azores island groups--the latter them selves of immense strategic importance, since they l ie near the center of the North Atlantic. The strategic significance of continental Portugal and of the Azores has resulted in Portuguese involvement in most of the great European crises since the Hundred Years War. I t has also led to the longestlasting all iance in European history--the tie between Portugal and Britain. On many occasions British aid was crucial for the preserva tion of Portuguese independence. In return, Britain obtained great advantages—a useful entryway into the Iberian peninsula and a valuable naval base at Lisbon, as well as the assurance that the Azores would be in friendly hands. During the seventeenth, eighteenth, and nineteenth centuries, the British intervened to protect Portugal against i ts foes. Portugal, in turn, was able to exploit her strategic location, and keep the powerful ally needed to preserve her independence. Portugal's strategic location has played a major role in the twen tieth century. The country was involved in the First World War on the All ied side. Under the leadership of Antonio Salazar, who became dic tator in 1932, Portugal rendered valuable aid to the Nationalist side in the Spanish Civil War. During the Second World War, Salazar's Portugal remained neutral throughout, but granted the All ies base rights to the Azores in 1943 under the terms of the Anglo-Portuguese Alliance. That importance was underlined most recently during the 1973 Arab-Israeli War, when the Azores base was indispensable to the American arms airl ift to Israel. The Portuguese Revolution of 1974 aroused concern in other NATO capitals, proof that Portugal's location remains an important factor in world affairs.


Women have a higher risk of anemia, especially in young women. This study aimed to determine the effect of giving the rainbow fish cookies (Arius thalassinus) to changes in hemoglobin levels in young girls in Pancasila MTs Bengkulu City. This study was a pre-experimental design study with one group pretest and posttest design. The sampling technique was done by purposive sampling as many as 37 people. The treatment given is in the form of 10 pieces (100gr) rainbow fish cookies for 30 days to young women. This research was carried out by checking the levels of hemoglobin before and after the administration of the rainbow fish cookies. The analysis used is the dependent parametric T-test. The average recall of young women 3x24 hours was Fe intake by 5,40mg, protein intake by 40,4 grams, and vitamin C intake by 5,7mg. In the provision of cookies rainbow fish (Arius thalassinus) obtained an average value of hemoglobin levels before that is 10,70g/dL and after being given treatment to 12,87g/dL with a p-value of 0,000 (<0,05). There is an effect of giving cookies rainbow fish to hemoglobin levels in young girls in Pancasila MTs Bengkulu City.


The article analyses the changes in production and innovation networks in the automobile industry in China resulting from the transition to new-energy vehicles and digital driving technologies. This transformation is seen as a fundamental break with the present neo-Fordist growth model in the car industry and a rise of new forms of network-based mass production, comparable to the IT industry since the 1990s. The article traces the complex politics of this transition embedded in different modes of regulation in the Chinese automotive sector, its impact on work and regimes of production, and the perspective of a broad-ranging 'Foxconnisation' of car manufacturing.


"Time Bank", as the most representative form of mutual support for the aged,
is still in the early stage in China. From the perspective of commercial banks,
this paper explores how time currency operates and analyzes the real dilemma of
"Time Bank" from four main factors including time account, time currency, time
deposit receipt, free deposit and withdrawal, thus providing effective
reference for "Time Bank" to obtain credibility and expand coverage in order to
form a far-reaching pension mode finally.


In recent years, the number of vehicles in the city is increasing. However, the increase in the number of cars caused a series of traffic problems, such as road congestion, traffic accidents, environmental pollution, and so on. To handle the problems, Internet of Vehicles (IoV) is emerging. As we know, deep learning has acquired significant success in many fields, and it is also applied in IoV. However, some studies show that deep learning is vulnerable to the crafted samples formed by adding small perturbations to original samples. Thus, the vulnerability of deep learning may pose a huge security threat to IoV. To ensure the security of deep learning, we conduct experiments to investigate whether there are adversarial samples in the IoV field. We try to generate adversarial examples by GPS data. The models we attack are trajectory mode detection models. Since both GPS trajectory data and image data are continuous data, we adopt the algorithm of Computer Vision to generate adversarial examples. We utilize white-box attack algorithms (Fast Gradient Sign Method (FGSM) and Basic Iterative Method (BIM) algorithms) and black-box attack algorithm (One Pixel Attack) to generate adversarial examples. We adopt Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) to measure the similarity between adversarial examples and original trajectory data. Experimental results show that a small perturbation can successfully fool deep neural networks with high confidence.


This review describes echocardiographic features of commonly encountered acyanotic congenital heart defects. Echo-Doppler features of lesions causing obstruction, namely aortic stenosis, aortic coarctation, stenosis of the pulmonary valve and pulmonary arteries were initially presented followed by discussion of lesions with left-to-right shunt namely, atrial and ventricular septal defects, patent foramen ovale, patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), and atrioventricular septal defect. A special section dedicated to evaluating hemodynamically significant PDAs in premature infants was also included. Coronary artery anomalies (both congenital and acquired) were reviewed at the conclusion of the paper.


This Eurydice brief highlights some of the main findings of the Eurydice report on 'Equity in school education in Europe: Structures, policies and student performance'. It describes a number of education structures and policies that influence equity in school and connects them to student performance in international assessment surveys. The key findings point to several policies that are associated with higher levels of equity. These policies include increased public spending, especially in primary education, assigning students to different educational programmes or tracks at a later stage, limiting differentiation in school choice and admissions policies as well as reducing grade repetition. The brief shows large differences between countries as to how these and other policies are implemented, and how well they work in reducing inequality in education. Top-level authorities in nearly all European education systems define or refer to a range of concepts relating to equity in education in their official documents. Apart from equity, the terms used include fairness, equal opportunities, equality/inequality, disadvantage, non-discrimination, vulnerable groups, at risk groups and early school leaving. Whatever terms are used in top-level policy documents, the great majority of European systems have at least one major policy initiative in place to promote equity in education or to support disadvantaged students. Yet, equity levels differ widely across Europe, especially in secondary education. The levels of equity are measured here through three indicators: the achievement gap between high- and low-achieving students in primary and secondary education separately (inclusion dimension), and the impact of socioeconomic background on student achievement, primary and secondary education combined (fairness dimension).


Let G be a locally compact group or a discrete group and let ! be a weight function on G. We define a new convolution on the Beurling algebra L 1 (G,!) and show that it is also a Banach algebra with this new convolution. We show that there is a one to one correspondence between the unitary representations of G and the non-degenerate ?-representations of L 1 (G,!). We show that L 1 (G,!) is


Introduction Wind energy is an important component of future strategies for clean power supply. Opposition to the construction of wind turbines is often founded on media reports that a number of pe...


From China access to the WTO,due to enter the international market and also the increasingly fierce competition with other countries of Quality Supervision Inspection,coal enterprises of China in the management of a business transition,many aspects need more long term breakthrough,one of which is coal business logistics mechanism innovation problem.This article from the significance of the coal logistics and development of the status quo of a brief analysis, and promote the important position of the coal logistics in the development of coal industry,and made recommendations on how to better achieve the coal logistics network optimization.


The purpose of the investigation was to develop a new RP-HPLC method for the estimation of Fingolimod in pharmaceutical dosage form. Chromatography was carried out on an ODS column (4.6 x 250mm, 5μ particle size) with a isocratic mobile phase composed of Phosphate buffer and acetonitrile (40:60v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The column temperature was maintained at 30°C and the detection was carried out using a PDA detector at 260 nm. Validation parameters such as system suitability, linearity, precision, accuracy, specificity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, stability of sample and standard stock solutions and robustness were studied as reported in the International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. The retention time for Fingolimod was 2.9 min. The relative standard deviation for assay of tablets was found to be less than 2%. The method was fast, accurate, precise and sensitive hence it can be employed for routine quality control of Fingolimod tablets in quality control laboratories and pharmaceutical


Abstract: Two distinct classes of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) from the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster are reported: a soluble species that shows heterogeneity of forms and a particulate species. The subunit composition of the particulate enzyme was studied using the active site label [3H]diisopropylfIuorophosphate. Comparison of the electrophoretic patterns on nondenaturing gels using the activity stain and the active site label shows that the label is specific to AChE. The smallest active site‐containing subunit of the enzyme is a monomer of —60,000 daltons MW. Two such units are linked by disulphide bonds to produce a dimer of about 110,000 daltons. Another monomeric form of MW —64,000 daltons, although present, does not participate in the dimerisation. The particulate enzyme when solubilised exists as a 9–10S species as determined by sucrose gradient centrifugation. This species has a MW > 200,000, as shown by its behaviour on a coarse‐bead Sephadex‐G200 column. Electrophoretic analysis suggests a MW of nearly 250,000 daltons for this form. Thus, this species is likely to be a tetramer. One possibility is that this tetramer is made up of two units of 64,000 daltons each and a dimer of 110,000 daltons. Preliminary data on mutant enzymes that support such a possibility are also presented.


A meaningful curriculum is one that is individualized, inclusive of the individual's unique needs and interests, and focused on building independence in current and future environments. A meaningful curriculum addresses an individual's needs and prioritizes instructional programs based on what is, potentially, most important to their lives and not simply a somewhat arbitrary list of isolated skills. A meaningful curriculum is one that puts as much emphasis on skill acquisition outside of the classroom as it does on skill acquisition within the classroom or school. Unfortunately, the use of meaningful curricula to educate autistic students would seem to be something of a rarity, which may help to explain the consistently poor outcomes that individuals with autism and related disorders experience in adulthood. In this article, the authors make recommendations that may help practitioners to mitigate these outcomes by providing instruction in curricula that place a focus on adaptive behavior skills, the intersection of the individual, respectful intervention, and an emphasis on these important topics beginning in preschool, and increasing in importance and complexity across the lifespan.


In evaluating solar photovoltaic (SPV) cell performance and monitoring operational deviations, parameters of the solar cell equivalent circuit models play an important role. Given that solar cells have nonlinear current-voltage characteristics, calculating their parameters is a significant challenge. Therefore, to effectively handle this engineering challenge, an accurate and efficient optimization technique is typically needed. In order to determine SPV cell parameters, this study revealed a new optimization technique called Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves (AFT) algorithm. The suggested optimization technique was used to estimate the parameters of the single-diode equivalent circuit model of the SPV. Study work has been done on various photovoltaic modules, including the Photowatt PWP-201 and the RTC France solar cell. In addition, a comparison study is used to demonstrate the proposed AFT algorithm's performance against a number of existing heuristic algorithms, including the Moth Flame Optimization (MFO), Dragonfly Algorithm (DA), Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA), Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO), Ant Lion Optimization (ALO), Harris Hawk Optimization (HHO), Hybrid of Particle Swarm Optimization and Grey Wolf Optimization (PSOGWO), Marine Predator Algorithm (MPA), and African Vulture Optimization Algorithm (AVOA). The comparison has been made using the same datasets and the same computational workload for each optimization technique in order to evaluate performance fairly. The acquired comparative results demonstrated that the AFT algorithm provides higher performance than any of those techniques in terms of the root mean square error (RMSE), computation time, and the accuracy of the results for parameter estimation of SPV cells.


The present paper deals with the effect of different concentrations (1, 2, 5, 10 and 15 μM) of 6- benzyladenine (BA) and thidiazuron (TDZ), combined with indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) at concentrations of 0, 0.5, 2.5 and 4.9 μM on in vitro multiplication of the pear rootstock 'Pyrodwarf'. Murashige and Skoog (1962) (MS) was the basal medium used in all combinations. The multiplication index as well as the length of axial and lateral shoots were monitored. The highest multiplication index (2.89) was obtained on the medium supplemented with 5 μM BA and 0.5 μM IBA. Higher concentrations of TDZ (more than 2 μM TDZ), in combination with IBA, brought about fasciation of shoots, which was confirmed by SEM technique. On the rooting medium consisting in 1/2 MS supplemented with 5 μM IBA and 0.3 μM giberellic acid (GA3), the higher rooting percentage and other superior rooting parameters were also recorded in the case of the shoots originated from BA media. The obtained results suggest that to gain good multiplication parameters it is recommended to use good quality shoots for further subcultivation. In order to avoid the occurrence of fasciation it is required to use the cytokinin BA or to limit the concentration of TDZ in the multiplication phase of pear 'Pyrodwarf' rootstock.


A fundamental assumption when undertaking studies into Vitamin D and populations is that the relative "ranking" of an individual remains constant with re spect to time. That is, an individual with a low ranking (lo west percentile) of Vitamin D status in summer will also have a low ranking (lowest percentile) of Vitamin D in sum mer, even though the Vitamin D status may have increased from summer to winter. This work investigates if su ch relative ranking exists in populations and what imp act this assumption has on epidemiological research


A weighted least square (WLS) and ordinary least square (OLS) approach for analysing fish length-weight relationships, was applied. We reviewed and compared two regression methods used in statistics to reconstruct length-weight relationship from Por's Goatfish (Upeneus pori Ben-Tuvia & Golani, 1989) length-weight data in Iskenderun Bay. This comparison relies on a suite of regression model verification statistics to validate the accuracy of the length-weight relationship produced by the best model. The results indicate WLS may perform slightly better in heteroscedastic data; conversely, OLS may perform slightly better when the


In the past it has not been advised to get pregnant when suffering from systemic lupus erythematosus. Fortunately, pregnancy became more usual and manageable among women with systemic lupus erythematosus in the recent years. However, a great number of complications are still bound to occur. Especially in relation with additional renal affection or presence of an antiphospholipid syndrome, a number of complications such as reactivation of systemic lupus erythematodes, thrombosis, miscarriage, lupus erythematodes of the newborn, pregnancy-induced hypertension, pulmonal hypertension and toxicity of medicaments have to be taken care for. Our paper presents the case of the primary diagnosis of a systemic lupus erythematosus affecting a woman in her 15th week of pregnancy with twins. We take this as an opportunity to inform about recent advises concerning such risk pregnancies.


In recent decades, the development of electronic systems such as the Internet has also affected the banks and financial institutions. The World Wide Web has basically changed the customers' expectations about the speed, accuracy, pricing and service, and in turn, availability, ease and speed of service have created a competitive advantage for organizations, including public and private banks. The present study is aimed to evaluate and rank the factors influencing the quality of e-banking service based on both active and passive aspects. For this study, the model of Santos (2003) has been used. The investigation scope covers late April to late December, 2013. It should be noted that the paper has been accepted and presented in the Firouzkouh Branch of the Islamic Azad University. Furthermore, it is an applied study using the descriptive-survey method. Therefore, a sample size of 384 subjects has been determined based on the existing statistical population using the Krejcie and Morgan table, among of which 384 questionnaires were distributed. Then, the collected data were analyzed by using SPSS statistical software package. The results indicated that the 11 hypotheses of the research have been accepted, including hypotheses associated with the variables of performance, reliability, composition and structure, support, communication, security, motivation, content, appearance and ease of use of the website, while the website links variable-related hypothesis has been rejected. Next, the Friedman test was used to rank these factors; as the Freidman test results shown, the website support was ranked as the highest, while the website content was placed at the lowest. Finally, the conclusion and applied recommendations have been presented at the end.


Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is defined as blood loss through the genital tract, exceeding 500 mL following vaginal birth and 1000 mL following caesarean section. PPH occurring between 24 hours to 12 weeks postpartum is defined as secondary PPH. PPH is the most common preventable cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. Detailed history and careful clinical examination can help in proper diagnosis. This is a case report of consumption of pineapple juice, that caused secondary PPH. Bromelain in pineapple juice is known to have proteolytic, fibrinolytic, anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic properties. It causes moderate prolongation of activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thus delaying coagulation. This action of bromelain was found to be concentration dependent. Prompt activation of the transfusion protocol can be lifesaving. Coagulation parameters should be monitored and respective blood products should be given. Thromboelastogram (TEG)/ Rotational Thromboelastometry (ROTEM) can be used for the same. To conclude, a multi-disciplinary approach is ideal. Mechanical and medical management of PPH should be started simultaneously. This should be followed by surgical procedures. If interventional radiology procedures like uterine artery embolization are available, they can be utilised, without risking the life of the mother.


Certain organic antecedents such as fever, weight loss, diarrhoea and systemic infections often present with neurocognitive deficits (NCDs). However, routine HIV screening is not done in such cases. HIV can present with psychiatric and neurocognitive symptoms as highlighted in the two cases given below. Case 1, a housewife, had been exhibiting altered behaviour following a low-grade fever over the past 3 weeks, associated with muttering to self, talking irrelevantly, would wander away from home, had decreased sleep, loss of appetite, and neglected self-care. She had displayed impulsivity by jumping into a well. On admission, the patient was mute, lethargic and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tested positive for cryptococcus. Her human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status was positive. Case 2, a housewife, presented with one-month history of muttering to self, increased irritability, aggressive on minimal provocation, decreased sleep, loss of appetite, and suspiciousness towards family members. On provisional diagnosis of schizophrenia, the patient was started on low-dose antipsychotic drugs, which showed minimal improvement. There was a distinct slowness in her movements and she progressively lost weight. Routine investigations were normal but her HIV status was positive. It has recently come to light that HIV infection also presents with subtle manifestations of the central nervous system (CNS), which are distinct from NCD and, if harnessed, could enhance diagnostic sensitivity and reduce the 'asymptomatic period'. Hence HIV testing is recommended in such cases.


Volcanism is widely distributed over the surfaces of the major terrestrial planets: Venus, Earth, and Mars. Anomalous centers of magmatic activity occur on each planet and are characterized by evidence for unusual concentrations of volcanic centers, long-lived activity, unusual rates of effusion, extreme size of volcanic complexes, compositionally unusual magmatism, and evidence for complex geological development. The purpose of this study is to compare the characteristics and distribution of these magmatic anomalies on Earth, Venus, and Mars in order to assess these characteristics as they may relate to global characteristics and evolution of the terrestrial planets.


The present invention relates to a protective device, which is used in electrical machinery (particularly to an electric motor) of the circuit protection device comprising: a holding means, retaining means being configured for receiving and holding current supply means for supplying current, wherein holding means formed of a first material having a first melting temperature T1, temperature protection device, a temperature protection device is configured to protect the circuit from overheating, and the temperature of the protection device composed of a second material having a second melting temperature T2, wherein the first and second materials are selected in such a way, and / or temperature protection device is arranged in the following manner: in the circuit reaches the melting temperature T1, T2 when the at least one automatically interrupted, wherein the first and the second melting temperature T1 the ratio of the two is greater than 1.2 the melting temperature T2. The present invention relates to a structure of such an electric drive protection device.


S. Stankov,1,2,* M. Miglierini,3,4 A. I. Chumakov,5 I. Sergueev,5 Y. Z. Yue,6,7 B. Sepiol,8 P. Svec,9 L. Hu,6,7 and R. Ruffer5 1Institute for Synchrotron Radiation, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus Nord, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany 2Laboratory for Applications of Synchrotron Radiation, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Campus Sud, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany 3Department of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Slovak University of Technology, 81219 Bratislava, Slovakia 4Center for Nanomaterials Research, Palacky University, 77146 Olomouc, Czech Republic 5European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, BP 220, 38043 Grenoble, France 6Section of Chemistry, Aalborg University, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark 7Key Laboratory of Liquid Structure and Heredity of Materials, Shandong University, 250061 Jinan, China 8Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria 9Institute of Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 84511 Bratislava, Slovakia Received 19 July 2010; published 5 October 2010


Simmons, R.L. & Brunning, R.D. (1979) Virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome: a benign histiocytic proliferation distinct from malignant histiocytosis. Cancer, 44, 993-1002. Shirono. K. 81 Tsuda. H. (1995) Parvovirus B19-associated haemophagocytic syndrome in healthy adults. British Journal o$ Huematology, 89, 923-926. (accepted by the Histiocyte Society) have been published (Henter et al, 1991). Unfortunately, in a recent issue Shirono & Tsuda (1995) have confused the hereditary and the reactive forms of HLH. Although the mistake is understandable, it is disturbing because it may cause further diagnostic confusion. The authors erroneously referred to a pair of siblings with the hereditary disease FHL (Henter et a], 1993) as having the reactive condition VAHS. Although these siblings also had titres indicating recent parvovirus infection, it must be made clear that they did not have the secondary syndrome VAHS but, on the contrary, had the familial disease FHL. This diagnostic distinction is very important, because patients with FHL require chemotherapy and bone marrow transplantation (BMT) in order to survive, whereas in VAHS BMT is contraindicated. Both of the children have since died no acceptable BMT donor was found. Thus, again it has to be emphasized that evidence of a (viral) infection in a child with HLH does not exclude that the child may have an underlying hereditary disease, such as the autosomal recessive disease FHL. Instead, a (viral) infection may elicit a bout of FHL in these genetically predisposed individuals (Henter et al, 1993). It is important to bear this in mind when treating a child with HLH, in particular if the disease is progressive, prolonged or recurrent, because the hereditary factor is only rarely known in this recessive disease and a delay in treatment may prove fatal. Departments of Paediatrics, JAN-INGE HENTER Karolinska Hospital, GORAN ELINDER* and *Sachs' Children's Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden


Student developmental guidance has been developed for more than 100years.After the four periods of career guidance,adaptive guidance,developmental guidance and comprehensive promotion,mature patterns of student developmental guidance are built and present different characteristics across the world.According to the theory of individual development,ecological system theory and positive psychology,this paper puts forward the"5L 5S"three-level high school students' developmental guidance program on foreign typical models and current situation of students' guidance in China. "5L 5S"program based on the theory of relationship system expounds the changes of eight concepts:guiding position, importance,object,staff,content,model,scope,basis which differently with the past,builds the system,institutions and mechanisms of developmental guidance which is suitable for high school.Meanwhile,aimed at promoting the healthy and personal growth of the students,comprehensive and hierarchical guidance content of morality,psychology,academic,career and life five aspects,three-level developmental guidance which is directed at different needs of students,specific and operable process of developmental guidance are established.


The 46~th annual SID Symposium, Seminar, and Exhibition held May 18-23 at the Los Angeles Convention Center in Los Angeles California has been reported in this paper. This Conference is the largest Information Display conference in the global. The trends and progresses of the current display devices and the various kinds of new display technologies and display devices are introduced. It is shown that LCDs、PDPs are getting to enter mature period, OLED starts to put into mass production stage, and the various of new applications and new technologies of the small、median size LCDs are shown everywhere on the exhibition, The display technologies reveal a full of vigor and vitality in the future.


This paper presents a method for newspaper kiosk design based on the sign system for primary function of kiosk.Design of kiosk regarded as sign system is proposed.The method of newspaper kiosk design based on the theory of syntagma and paradigm in semiotic and the theory of segment and syntax regulation,is set up.This method presents a new angle of view,from parts to macrocosm,for newspaper kiosk design.


Chapter 1 Stock Return and Inflation: An Analysis Based on the State-Space Framework.- Chapter 2 Diffusion Index Model Specification and Estimation: Using Mixed Frequency Datasets.- Chapter 3 Testing for Neglected Nonlinearity Using Regularized Artificial Neural Networks.- Chapter 4 On the Use of the Flexible Fourier Form in Unit Roots Tests, Endogenous Breaks, and Parameter Instability.- Chapter 5 Testing for a Markov-Switching Mean in Serially-Correlated Data.- Chapter 6 Nonlinear Time Series Models and Model Selection.- Chapter 7 Nonstationarities and Markov Switching Models.- Chapter 8 Has Wealth Effect Changed Over Time? Evidence from Four Industrial Countries.- Chapter 9 A Simple Specification Procedure for the Transition Function in Persistent Nonlinear Times Series Models.- Chapter 10 Small Area Estimation with Correctly Specified Linking Models.- Chapter 11 Forecasting Stock Returns: Does Switching between Models Help?.- Chapter 12 The Global Joint Distribution of Income and Health.


At the beginning of the 1940s the Social Science Research Council's Committee on the Appraisal of Research, then chaired by Ernest Burgess, commissioned a restudy of the cases and methods used by Robert Angell in his well-known book The Family Encounters the Depression.1 The restudy involved prominent sociologists. Burgess provided a draft report, but no final report appeared. The interest in and subsequent disappearance of the final report invites investigation. This paper summarizes the history and content of the draft report, and examines its meaning in the context of the methodology of the period. The nature and fate of the report reflect conflicting methodological tendencies at the time.


Alpine vegetation has always inspired wonder for its ̄oral displays and aroused curiosity for the range of plant types that ̄ourish in such seemingly harsh environments. Human awareness of the distinctive nature of this habitat probably predates history. As pointed out in an opening chapter, the term `alpine' may even be derived from that most ancient stoneage language Basque (Euskera) where the word `alpo' denotes a mountain ̄ank. Christian KoÈ rner's monograph has clearly been stimulated by the questions that have been asked by generations of botanists and in particular the many papers that have been written in German during the past two centuries on the botany of the Alps. The author acknowledges in the preface his debt to a century of research into alpine vegetation at the University of Innsbruck. For those who do not read German, this book is therefore an excellent entry into the many pioneering studies on alpine biogeography and geobotany that have been written by past generations of Austrian, German and Swiss botanists. References to this past research is skilfully used throughout the book as a background for many recent studies, particularly in relation to the European Alps. However, despite the intensity of research in the European Alps, there is also extensive coverage of other alpine regions. The mountains of North and South America, of Africa and the Southern Alps of New Zealand have all been visited by Professor KoÈ rner, and in many of these places he has carried out his own investigations into the role of temperature in relation to plant growth and survival at high altitudes. A constant theme or leitmotif that runs throughout the book is the need to examine adaptational traits in the environment in which they have evolved, especially when comparing such contrasting conditions as the habitat adaptations of alpine and lowland plants. As we are reminded more than once, examining upland and lowland ecotypes side by side in the same botanic garden or acclimatized growth chamber tells us very little. This point is especially valid in the discussions on the e€ects of temperature on photosynthesis, respiration, growth, and carbon accumulation. Most commonly, it is pointed out, the lowland condition is taken as the common standard and the metabolic activities of alpine species and provenances are compared with lowland plants in an environment that corresponds to the preferred habitat of the latter. Observations can thus be made under these conditions that alpine plants respire at a greater rate than lowland plants, and that photosynthetic rates are higher in high altitude species. While this is true for this particular lowland situation, and high respiration rates under lowland conditions can explain why alpine plants do nor survive at low altitudes, it does not mean that alpine plants either respire or photosynthesize at a higher rate than lowland plants when in their own preferred montane habitat. The general conclusion, from the author's many studies on temperature and carbon balance in relation to alpine plants and treeline limits, is that the primary processes of photosynthesis and respiration do not provide any answer as to how alpine vegetation is adapted to high altitudes. Instead, it is argued that the key to their survival is to be found in how they invest their assimilates, control their development and adjust their morphology and phenology to maximize their utilization of resources. The book makes refreshing reading for the manner in which it dispels many of the myths that have grown up concerning mountain plants and the position of the treeline, which also has to be understood, as it determines the lower limit of alpine vegetation. Carbon acquisition is shown not to be a particularly limiting factor for alpine plants or even trees. Alpine forbs do not show any systematic change with altitude in their special storage organs such as tubers, rhizomes and thick roots, contradicting a widespread belief that alpine plants, particularly those from regions with short growing seasons invest more in such structures. Alpine plants, it is maintained are well adapted to withstand grazing, at least in the high Alps (if the author had worked in Britain with the present populations of sheep and deer that have impoverished the Scottish ̄ora he might have thought otherwise). Other questions that are discussed in detail include, Why are alpine plants small? The dwarf nature of much of the alpine ̄ora, it is argued, is not due to carbon or nutrient de®ciencies, or to small cell size, which has often been considered as an adaptation to frost resistance. In fact, there is a trend in some very high altitude species to have unusually large cells which means that small alpine plant have fewer cells per plant than lowland species. A possible explanation, therefore, is that growth early in the season in cold Journal of Ecology 2000, 88, 727±731


This chapter describes how a section of Jewish Hellenistic culture, seemingly lost to Judaism, has returned to the synagogue, in Aramaic and in Hebrew. Jerome served as a preserver of the tradition for Latin speaking Jewry, primarily Josippon . Through Josippon , these passages became part of the synagogue targums to the Scroll of Esther and they were independently translated from Greek into Hebrew. Recent translations into Hebrew, such as those of Frankel, Cahana and Hartum, are thought of as cultural restorations and have nothing to do with synagogue life or rabbinic culture. Keywords:Aramaic; cultural restorations; Hebrew; Jewish hellenistic culture; Judaism; rabbinic culture; Scroll of Esther


One of the most intriguing features of quantum physics is the non‐locality of correlations that can be obtained by measuring entangled particles. Recently, it has been noticed that non‐locality can be studied without reference to the Hilbert space formalism. I review here the properties of the basic mathematical tool used for such studies, the so called Popescu‐Rohrlich‐box, in short PR‐box. Among its feats, are the simulation of the correlations of the singlet and of other non‐local probability distributions. Among its features, the "anomaly of non‐locality" and a great power for information‐theoretical tasks. Among its failures, the impossibility of reproducing all multi‐partite distributions and the triviality of the allowed dynamics.


The utility model relates to a mechanical fetching device (1) for grabbing and conveying a cargo (2), especially grabbing a carton, a crating case or a similar container. The mechanical fetching device comprises clamping slide blocks (8, 9) which can be positioned opposite to each other and are arranged on grabbing arms (4, 5); in order to lift and convey the cargo (2), the clamping slide blocks can be matched with the conveyed cargo (2). In order to provide the fetching device which is easy to operate and has a simple and small structure, light weight and a large fetching range, the grabbing arms (4, 5) with the clamping slide blocks (8, 9) can be guided on a horizontal guide beam (3) capable of ascending and descending in a rectilinear movement manner, and the clamping slide blocks (8, 9) can be matched with the conveyed cargo (2) by means of a traction transmission device (13).


This paper presents an on-line energy management strategy (EMS) based on trip condition prediction for commuter plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (P-HEVs). The purpose is to provide an on-line predictive control approach to minimize fuel consumption. Two pivotal contributions are provided to realize the purpose. First of all, we establish the trip condition prediction model by using back propagation neural network, to obtain the real-time vehicle-speed trajectory on-line. Particularly, both the genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization algorithm are applied to improve the prediction accuracy of the trip condition prediction model. Next, to obtain an applicable EMS in real time, we propose a dynamic programming-based predictive control strategy. Finally, a simulation study is conducted for applying the proposed strategy to a practical trip path in the Beijing road network. The results show that the designed trip condition prediction model can effectively realize the on-line vehicle-speed prediction, and the prediction accuracy is more than 93%. In addition, compared to the offline global optimization EMS, although the proposed strategy makes the fuel consumption grow less than 5.2%, it can be implemented in real time. Moreover, compared with the existing real-time EMSs, it can further reduce the fuel consumption and emissions. It shows that the proposed EMS can provide an effective solution for commuter P-HEVs applying it on-line.


Various researches and examinations on the application of TDM (Traffic Demand Management) have been conducted since 1993 by Toyota. This paper reports the direction and modification of TDM, including the content of the experiment, the result, and analysis of survey regarding traffic and traffic congestion. Subjects of the experiment were those who commuted to company offices located in the center of the city by car. The result of the experiment indicates that the most effective methods are shifting commuting hour and encouragement of commuting by bicycle/motorcycle/walking. Also, the result of the survey shows that residents consider "providing traffic information" and "encouragement of public transportation"the most important. Residents wish to obtain such information as "traffic congestion, accident, and traffic regulation", "expected travel time" and "suggested route and detour". The authors conclude that ITS would be highly effective for the application of TDM, and that the employment of ITS would be of great benefit. For the covering abstract, see IRRD 490001.


This paper proposes a DC-DC step-up converter with a switched capacitor to power light-emitting diodes (LEDs), which may be applied to an autonomous system, e.g. PV system. In the converter is used a small additional inductor operating in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) which allows zero current switching (ZCS), reducing circuit losses. Moreover, the LED current can be stabilized through the switching frequency as a function of input voltage only. Thus, the converter does not need current sensors, allowing cost reduction. The prototype assembled in laboratory was designed for a lamp of 54 W, operating in a frequency of approximately 153 kHz and presented an efficiency of 93%.


Because of the long integration time of geosynchronous earth orbit synthetic aperture radar (GEO SAR), the imaging model and algorithm of low earth orbit (LEO) SAR are not suitable for GEO SAR. Thus, this paper establishes the echo model of the GEO SAR by using the high order range model based on the characters of the GEO SAR movements. Then, the two-dimensional (2-D) spectrum is derived by the method of series reversion (MSR), based on which a new imaging algorithm used for GEO SAR is presented. Finally, simulation results of point targets prove the accuracy and validity of the proposed algorithm.


Building 3D widgets was until now considered a costly task done only by experts: programmers or people who understood complexities of the constraint networks found in the widgets they were constructing, as well as the mathematical details surrounding the operation their widgets were to perform. This paper addresses these problems and presents LOG, an interface for 3D widget construction. LOG is an inference-based 3D widget construction toolkit that facilitates quick and intuitive prototyping of widgets. When using LOG, designing widgets requires absolutely no programming on the user''s part or understanding of the constraint networks and mathematical equations involved. Instead, all specification of constraints is done by example, where the users simply presents configurations of the widget they are constructing from defining the geometry of the widget to mapping the widget to an operation.


We propose a novel pricing incentive mechanism based on multi-satges traffic classification methodology supporting load balancing and allocating network resource efficiently for QoS-enabled networks in this paper. We integrate the pricing with QoS routing and present a novel pricing incentive mechanism meeting the QoS requirements of different applications. This mechanism provides an equitable pricing incentive for applications according to their service requests. A novel multi-stages traffic classification methodology that brings together the benefits of port mapping, signature matching and flow character classification techniques is motivated by variety of network activities and their QoS requirements of traffic. We study the pricing and different levels of services in detail and integrate admission control scheme and load balancing in our framework. By theoretical analysis and extensive simulations, we prove its effectiveness in making traffic load balance and providing an incentive for users to utilize network resources to users' satisfaction.


Timber harvest practices must address potential impacts to aquatic and riparian habitats. Stream shading and cool water temperature regimes are important to protect stream-dwelling organisms. We are examining riparian temperature regimes within the coastal redwood area of Mendocino County. Summer temperature gradients are being characterized along fifteen transects set perpendicular to watercourses within four different watersheds. Data loggers record temperature along each transect at pre-determined spatial intervals from the watercourse midpoint. With the exception of a control transect, all watercourses in this study are subject to near-future timber operations. This study is part of a larger program to detect changes in riparian microclimate as a result of timber harvest. Here we examine the relationship between temperature and physiography, and explore different methods of analysis in order to characterize pre-harvest temperature gradients. As with similar studies, we find upslope temperatures increase with distance from the watercourse. The greatest temperature increase per unit distance occurred between the watercourse mid-point station and the 25ft stations on either side. Our analysis indicates the calculated maximum weekly average temperatures (MWAT) may be the best graphical indicator of overall riparian temperature regimes, while the mean maximum weekly temperatures (MMWT) appear more sensitive to physiographic characteristics.


In this paper, we present design and implementation of wireless Turbo Code OFDM (TC-OFDM) on the Small Form Factor (SFF) Software defined Radio (SDR) Platform, provided by Lyrtech and Texas Instrument (TI) [1]. TC-OFDM is proposed in different channels communication system in order to decrease the bit error rate (BER). The performance analysis of the TC-OFDM system is evaluated by simulations in different channels including AWGN and multipath Rayleigh fading channel. We show that TC-OFDM can provide a better performance than single carrier OFDM system in multipath Rayleigh fading charnels. On the other hand, Turbo codes can eliminate the residual inter symbol interference (ISI) and inter channel interference (ICI) and therefore reduce the length of the required Cyclic prefix in an OFDM system. Moreover, this decreases the overhead associated with the Cyclic Prefix. The use of Turbo codes in OFDM system for high data rate transmission in wireless LANs, results in a considerable improvement in terms of bit error rate performance and bandwidth efficiency.


This report describes preliminary results of work done by JHU/APL under contract to the NASA Glenn Research Center to support flight testing of the Universal Access Transceiver (UAT) data link as a medium for weather data exchange. It presents a high level architectural description of the use of UAT to meet the program objectives with an identification of issues associated with the use of this data link, including a high level definition of the changes required to UAT avionics and ground-based receivers and supporting ground infrastructure to support implementation of the recommended architecture with focus on the issues associated with these changes.


1 1983 was chosen as the starting point because it is the first year after a return to lower rates of inflation following a period of high inflation. Abstract The results presented in this paper are in line with the conclusions of past BEA studies of GDP revisions; they supplement the findings reported in Fixler and Grimm (2002). Some evidence that the revisions are predicable was found for the current quarterly estimates of GDP and final sales, but this finding has little practical application. Information about national income is found to significantly supplement final current quarterly estimates of GDP in explaining the revisions to the latest estimates of GDP. However, there is little evidence of the predictability of revisions in GDI or national income. Finally, both the advance and final current quarterly estimates are found to do a reliable job of measuring GDP and GDI around cyclical peaks, but a less reliable job around cyclical troughs, where they tend to overstate declines and understate the beginnings of recoveries. 6 These components are consumption of fixed capital, business transfer payments, indirect business tax and nontax liability, current surplus of government enterprises less subsidies, and net receipts of factor income from the rest of the world. Some of these components were greatly affected by the incorporation of a new depreciation pattern into consumption of fixed capital and a new treatment of government investment that were introduced in the 1996 comprehensive revision of the NIPA's. The new depreciation patterns yielded revisions both to consumption of fixed capital and to the capital consumption adjustment for rental income, corporate profits and proprietors' income. The new treatment of government investment resulted in the addition of consumption of capital for government. 21 Prior to the discontinuation of BEA's quarterly econometric model in 1990, BEA participated in cooperative studies with a number of other econometric-model-based forecasters. In the course of the studies, it was found that many model-based forecasts held the statistical discrepancy constant and estimated profits as a residual. This procedure would have produced similar movements in GDP and GDI forecasts. 22 Renormalizing equation 11.2 to make the latest estimates a function of the other explanatory variables indicates that a weighted sum of 3/4*GDP(final) + 1/4*national income(final) yields the best prediction of the latest estimates. Other regressions using the latest as the dependent variable and using various other independent variables returned similar results, with weights for national income up to 1/3, depending on the other explanatory variables.


Hoplia spectabilis was a major pest insect infesting Hippophae neurocarpa in Tianjun County,Qinghai Province.It had one generation a year and overwintered as the 2nd-3rd instar larvae in the soil 60 cm below the ground.The mature larvae began to pupate between the late May and early June the next year.In mid-June,the adults began to emerge with a peak from the late June to early July when the temperature reached about 11.4 ℃.Adults fed on leaves,flowers and fruits of Hippophae trees,causing severe damages to the bushes.The adults were thanatosis and show no phtotaxis.The ratio of female to male was 1.6∶1.Control measures against the pest insect were discussed.


The Alberta Deep basin, situated along the northeastern front of the Rocky Mountain belt, is the deepest part of the Alberta synclinal sedimentary basin. This trough-shaped deep basin, extending across northwestern Alberta and into northeastern British Columbia, covers an area of 65,000 km2 (25,000 mi2). Enormous volumes of natural gas have been found in recent years within the thick, clastic Mesozoic sediments which partly fill the deep basin. These sediments exceed 3,100 m (10,200 ft) in total thickness. Based on detailed geochemical analyses of more than 300 rock samples (mainly cutting samples) from several wells in the Elmworth gas field, information was obtained on the hydrocarbon source strata and the generation and redistribution of hydrocarbons. The clastic Mesozoic rock section contains numerous shaly zones which are very rich in organic matter, and also a suite of coal strata. This section, containing mainly type III kerogen, is the ideal gas generator. Maturity ranges from about 0.5% vitrinite reflectance to about 2.0% in the deeper part of the section. Maturity has also been defined in terms of the "Methylphenanthrene Index" which is based on aromatic hydrocarbons. Apparently the mature section is still in an active phase of hydrocarbon generation. Due to the tightness of the rocks, hydrocarbon transport mechanisms seem to be dominated by diffusion processes. The light hydrocarbon distribution patterns observed throughout the wells suggest a dynamic trapping mechanism. Light hydrocarbons are lost at the top of the mature ydrocarbon generating zone and are replenished in the middle part of the section where rich source rocks are found. End_of_Article - Last_Page 642------------


Abstract In the mid-1970s in Madrid, it's possible to identify a series of experiences that went beyond traditional architectural practice, the established domains of academia and the usual dynamics of editorial and institutional activities. The art galleries, with their publications, curators, collectors, critics and visitors, proved to be a prolific setting for an informal network of agents and institutions that, through programming events of various formats, instituted an active mediation in the critical formation of the citizenry. The seminar "Nuevos Comportamientos Artísticos" ("New Artistic Behaviors"), held at the Madrid's German Institute in 1974, was one of these events. Its gallery proved to be a pioneer in the exhibition of practices linked to art and design, which openly promoted their expansion into other fields of knowledge based on a local interpretation of what was noticed in Spain as "conceptual art". The action "Survey of 24 art galleries in Madrid," was the contribution to the seminar of the multidisciplinary collective Grup de Treball (GdT), and serves here to illustrate the activation of this network of galleries as a 'counter-project'. An act of design, based on Peter Eisenman's definition of 'Conceptual Architecture', that transcends art and controversies to offer an alternative. The exhibition of the survey's answers accumulated the values of language, interface, platform and medium necessary to redefine the framework of relations between its participants. Whose association gathered a community with the capacity to be a Museum: a dematerialized, fragmented and heterogeneous institution that challenged conventional relationship between art, citizenry and the market.


This paper presents a low power (LP) switched resistor (SR) ΔΣ modulator based on 3-bit dynamic quantizer. The proposed design offers lower noise compared to switched capacitor (SC) techniques due to reduction of the number of switches and capacitors. The modulator is designed in a 0.18 μm CMOS technology. The total power consumption is 17.4 mW , and signal to noise ratio (SNR)= 65.8 dB, using, over sampling ratio (OSR) = 64 and 3 V power supply.


The Inquiry - Instruction Approach advocated by the new round of elementary educational curriculum reform in China is in its initial stage. There exist some problems in its implementation, among which the solution to the problem in teachers'capability structure is a top priority. In order to put this approach into practice smoothly, teachers must be equipped with a wide range of capabilities from educational research, question designing, practical operation, to handling the whole process of inquiry.


Based on the observations of a float which has worked for 5 years in the sea,the evaluation and quality control on the data are made in this paper.Integrated analysis of observations can help people understand the observing process of the Argo floats and their data application.


Two-dimensional (2D) materials, such as graphene, hexagonal boron nitride, and molybdenum sulfide (MoS_2), have attracted considerable interest from the academia and industry because of their extraordinary properties. With the remarkable development of transmission electron microscope (TEM), nanolabs can be established inside the TEM to simulate a real environment by introducing external fields, such as electron irradiation, thermal excitation, electrical field, and mechanical force, into the system. In consequence, besides static structural characterization, in situ TEM can also realize dynamic observation of the evolution in structures and properties of 2D materials. This extension promises an enormous potential for manipulating and engineering 2D materials at the atomic scale with desired structures and properties for future applications. In this study, we review the recent progress of in situ electron microscopy studies of 2D materials, including atomic resolution characterization, in situ growth, nanofabrication, and property characterization.


A little over forty years ago, Simone de Beauvoir wrote The Second Sex, a statistical analysis of women at the crossroads of marxism and psychoanalysis.1 The Second Sex, in two tomes, literally and symbolically, functions as cornerstone of much contemporary feminism. A convincing etat present as well as a discourse of vindication, it was first to invoke in relation to feminism, the notion of the Other, albeit in a negative way: Simone de Beauvoir condemns its use in the work of Emmanuel Levinas and traces a way out, a sortie through a positing of self and other in a complex existential dialectic. Since, the notion of the other has become decisive in thinking about the woman's question. It has been reread and written across various disciplines at once philosophical, psychoanalytical, literary. Feminists now have recourse to the other to question and displace the very notion of the self. At stake is the relation between self and other as it pertains to exchange, property, the body and knowledge. Feminists quote male theoreticians, analysts and philosophers, who deal with the other via circulation of desire, writing as woman, signature, authorship, authority. In doing so, it is for feminists less a question of accepting or rejecting the male dictum blindly, than of asking what scene they are made to play in and what space they have been assignated in those writings. What use, if any, can women make of male theories, without playing in the paternal scene, without simply functioning as the father's maid or without writing against «in the name of», in the name of...? Theory helps us in critiquing what may appear as natural givens. But theory is also the law. The law fixes, arrests. There is always a benefit to be obtained by those who lay down the law. How does feminism avoid replacing a law with another moral law? To do away with the law is not to regress into anarchy and original chaos. It is perhaps to replace the law of the outside with a "law" of the inside, or rather a rule of ethics to bring the other to life. This is not to go back to a continuum , nor to dispute Freud ' s dictum that everything can be explained in terms of life and death drives, but to ask: how does one free without creating new exclusions, other terrorisms? How does one "theorize" woman without creating new repressions? Many feminists since de Beauvoir have broached the problem: Kristeva, Cixous, Wittig, to name a few. All have dealt with a freeing of woman in writing through various fields of competence: philosophical, psychoanalytical, literary. Some


This Norton Critical Edition of John Webster's 1612-13 tragedy offers a newly edited and annotated text together with a full introduction and illustrative materials intended for student readers. The Duchess of Malfi's themes of love, loyalty and betrayal have resonated through the centuries, making this a perennially popular play with audiences and readers alike.


The objective of this paper is to present algorithm to create panorama images from stitching image sequences taken by camera on mobile phone with the Android operating system. The images for stitching to create panorama are captured in a fixed linear spatial interval and the orientation information are obtained from the sensors on the Android mobile phone. The processing method involves image warping to cylindrical projection coordinates, image matching based on SURF (Speeded Up Robust Features) method as the feature detection and neighboring pairs alignment using RANSAC (RANdom SAmple Consensus) algorithm. The average weighted linear blending is applied to remove the transition between the aligned images. The presented image stitching algorithm is successfully able to create panorama image on the Android mobile phone.


FIELD: veterinary medicine. SUBSTANCE: dry bacterial compound contains, at least for 10% on a weight basis of total compound, the dry bacterial concentrate having bacteria concentration of at least 1×10 8 CFU/g and water activity of less than 0.5, and stabiliser having water activity of less than 0.5 at water content of 10%. There also provided is packed bacterial compound, batched compound and stabilisation method of dry bacterial compound by mixing thereof with stabiliser having water activity of less than 0.5 at water content of 10%; at that, total bacterial compound has water activity of less than 0.5. Treatment method of the mammal requiring treatment involves introduction of batched compound according to the present invention. EFFECT: improved stability of the product, and higher number of bacteria per the product dose. 26 cl, 1 dwg, 1 tbl, 14 ex


Objective To investigate the clinical effects of Gamma nails in treatment of intertroehanteric fractures. Methods From OctoDer 2000 to December 2006, we used Gamma nails to treat 367 patients with intertrochanterie fractures. They were 135 males and 232 females, aged from 20 to 103 years (average, 73. 1 years) . Low-impact injury was found in 309 patients and high-velocity injulw in 58 patients. By AO classification, there were 117 cases of type A1, 208 cases of type A2 and 42 cases of type A3. The period from injury to operation was 4.7 days on average, ranging from 1 to 17 clays. The postoperative hip radiographs and the patient's satisfaction were evaluated. The Harris hip score (HHS) self-report was used to compare hip functions before fracture and at the last follow-up. Results Of all the patients. 331 were followed up for 4 to106 months (mean, 16. 1 months). On average, 99.7% of the fractures (330 eases) healed in 14.2 weeks (range, 12 to 24 weeks). Postoperative complications occurred in 28 cases. The average HHS before fracture was 84.6 ± 10.0 points (range, 31 to 90), which significantly deereased at the finial fi)llow-up to 75.8 ±12.8 points (range, 19 to 90) ( t =6. 510, P =0. 0001.63.7% (135/2121 nf the patients rated the treatment outcome as excellent, 31.6% (67/212) as good, 2.8% (6/2121 as fair, and 1.9% (4/212) as poor. 51.4% ( 109/2121 of the patients felt more or less pain in the hip. Conclusions Gamma nails are effective in treatment nf intertroehanteric fractures. However, as the postoperative local pain is evident and the postoperative hip function decreases obviously, this operation needs to he improved.

Key words:
Hip fractures;  Fraetnre fixatiun; internal; Treatment outcome


The invention discloses a rectifier voltage regulator for motorcycles, comprising a rectifier circuit, a phase voltage signal collection circuit, an output voltage sampling circuit, a single chip machine control circuit, a self-power supply circuit and a power tube driving and protecting circuit, wherein the rectifier voltage regulator collects and judges the output voltage of the rectifier voltage regulator through a single chip machine and controls the power tube switch through the zero-crossing detection function of the single chip machine when the alternative current input voltage of the rectifier voltage regulator crosses zero, so that the power consumption of power elements of the rectifier circuit is reduced; in addition, the rotate speed character and the on-load performance of the product can be improved through a single chip machine algorithm.


In the present work we present experiments on cold start and the resulting electrode damaging (reducing lamp life) of AC driven fluorescent lamps. The crucial parameter is the glow time, determined from time resolved measurements of lamp voltage and current. The relation between the energy consumed during glow phase and the glow time is studied. It turns out that there is no common threshold of energy until the glow-to-arc transition takes place, but strong energy input into the lamp yields short glow times. The transient behaviour from the glow to the arc regime is investigated and the stable operation points of the arc discharge are determined, yielding an arc discharge voltage-current characteristics of the lamp type investigated. The electrode damage is investigated as a function of the open source voltage and the ballast resistance. Subsequent cold starts lead to an increase of the glow time due to electrode damaging, i.e., the electrode damage accumulates. Different regeneration procedures and their effectiveness are compared. Regeneration burning turns out to be more effective than heating up the electrode. A criterion for avoiding high electrode damage is obtained, indicating that the average power during glow time should exceed 20 W.


M ilrinone is a phosphodiesterase III inhibitor with inotropic and vasodilator properties that increases intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate. It improves ventricular function and vasodilation and is used in patients with ventricular dysfunction undergoing cardiac surgery. The increase in cyclic adenosine monophosphate concentrations inhibits platelet activation and adhesion and induces disaggregation. Thromboelastography (TEG) (TEG Model 5000; Hemoscope, Niles, Illinois) can measure clot formation and dissolution at a patient's point of care. TEG Platelet Mapping is a modification of standard TEG used to assess the effectiveness of antiplatelet drugs. The authors hypothesized that inhibition of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and arachidonic acid (AA)Yinduced platelet activation by therapeutic blood concentrations of milrinone could be quantified using TEG Platelet Mapping. Fifteen healthy adult volunteers who were not taking any antiplatelet medications had blood taken from separate venipunctures on the same day. Four TEG assays, done in random order, were performed; milrinone was added to citrated or heparinized whole blood before the blood was placed in the TEG wells; the final concentrations of milrinone were 0, 30, 100, or 300 ng/mL, with a dilution factor of less than 3%. For the conventional TEG studies, 340 KL citrated blood with the milrinone added was activated with kaolin and then added to a standard TEG cup with 20 KL of 0.2 M CaCl2. For TEG Platelet Mapping, 360 KL heparinized blood with milrinone was added to 3 standard TEG cups, each of which contained 10 KL of reptilase with factor XIIIa. Platelet response testing was started after 10KLADPwas added to the channel 3 cup and 10KL AA added to the channel 4 cup. TEG monitoring was continued until the maximum amplitude (MA) was obtained. Reaction time, coagulation time, and rate of clot formation were recorded. None of the 3 milrinone blood concentrations had an effect on the intrinsic pathway activated TEG MA for thrombin or on the fibrin contribution to the MA as compared with baseline. The overall dose-response correlation was not statistically significant for MA thrombin and MA fibrin. No effects of the drug were seen for reaction time, coagulation time, and rate of clot formation. The percentage of ADP inhibition was correlated with milrinone dose; the percentage of ADP inhibition in blood without milrinone was less than that for blood with milrinone concentrations of 30, 100, and 300 ng/mL. No differences occurred among the 3 milrinone concentrations. The milrinone blood concentrations and percentage of AA at blood concentrations of 0, 30, and 100 ng/mL were correlated. The percentage of AA inhibition for milrinone at 300 ng/mL was greater than that for the concentrations of 0, 30, and 100 ng/mL. At baseline, the inhibition of platelet activation response to both ADP and AA showed substantial variation (ADP: 22% T 22% [range, 0.5%Y68%]; AA: 18% T 18% [range, 0%Y55%]). A milrinone concentration of 300 ng/mL inhibits ADPand AA-induced platelet activation as measured by TEG Platelet Mapping. This inhibition was not detected using standard TEG analysis of kaolin-activated, recalcified whole blood. Results of TEG Platelet Mapping should be carefully interpreted in patients treated with milrinone and other drugs that modify platelet cyclic nucleotide concentrations.


Words can be sharper than bullets. That is why the speeches of politicians are especially important. Language of hatred can be used as a strategic weapon for downgrading the enemy and for building up the desired narrative template followed by whole society. The article focuses on the development of enemy icon with the help of the hated language. Research is based on the content analysis of the speeches made by Russian policy-makers after the war of August 2008 concerning Georgia. The article analyzes the content of high rank Russian policy-makers in order to draw general conclusions of the language of hatred used in speeches of policy-makers. Given sampling was chosen considering the influence of the speech authors in target society as they define how the historic events are perceived by the society. As a result, the article offers step by step explanation of speech building where one can see particular interest hidden behind certain words and sentences.


Leaf litter decomposition rates and benthic macroinvertebrates colonizing on leaf litters of the dominant native(Castanopsis hystrix and Coix chinensis) and exotic(Eucalyptus torelliana and Lantana camara) plants were compared in a second-order subtropical stream.Breakdown rates(k) of leaf-litters of native species were 0.02 d-1 for C hystrix and 0.056 d-1for C.chinensis,and the rates of exotic leaves were 0.038 d-1 for E.torelliana and 0.041 d-1 for L.camara.Total numbers of macroinvertebrate species colonized on leaves of exotic and native plants were 21 and 24,respectively and no statistical differences were observed in macroinvertebrates density(P 0.05) between exotic and native leaves.Proportions of each functional feeding group on litters of native plants showed that collectors-filterers(73.5%) was the most abundant group,followed by shredders(10.9%),predators-piercers(8.7%) and scrapers-grazers(6.8%);the composition of functional feeding groups on litters of exotic plants was collectors-filterers(67.6%),shredders(13.9%),scrapers-grazers(12.1%) and predators-pierces(6.1%);there were no apparent differences between the exotic and native plants according to the proportions of functional feeding groups.The results indicated that leaf-litter decomposition of two exotic plants in our investigation may not affect benthic macroinvertebrate diversity and functional feeding groups.