The effects of atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition on carbon (C) sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems are controversial. Therefore, it is important to evaluate accurately the effects of applied N levels and forms on the amount and stability of soil organic carbon (SOC) in terrestrial ecosystems. In this study, a multi‐form, small‐input N addition experiment was conducted at the Haibei Alpine Meadow Ecosystem Research Station from 2007 to 2011. Three N fertilizers, NH4Cl, (NH4)2SO4 and KNO3, were applied at four rates: 0, 10, 20 and 40 kg N ha−1 year−1. One hundred and eight soil samples were collected at 10‐cm intervals to a depth of 30 cm in 2011. Contents and δ13C values of bulk SOC were measured, as well as three particle‐size fractions: macroparticulate organic C (MacroPOC, > 250 µm), microparticulate organic C (MicroPOC, 53–250 µm) and mineral‐associated organic C (MAOC, < 53 µm). The results show that 5 years of N addition changed SOC contents, δ13C values of the bulk soils and various particle‐size fractions in the surface 10‐cm layer, and that they were dependent on the amounts and forms of N application. Ammonium‐N addition had more significant effects on SOC content than nitrate‐N addition. For the entire soil profile, small additions of N increased SOC stock by 4.5% (0.43 kg C m−2), while medium and large inputs of N decreased SOC stock by 5.4% (0.52 kg C m−2) and 8.8% (0.85 kg C m−2), respectively. The critical load of N deposition appears to be about 20 kg N ha−1 year−1. The newly formed C in the small‐input N treatment remained mostly in the > 250 µm soil MacroPOC, and the C lost in the medium or large N treatments was from the > 53 µm POC fraction. Five years of ammonium‐N addition increased significantly the surface soil POC:MAOC ratio and increased the instability of soil organic matter (SOM). These results suggest that exogenous N input within the critical load level will benefit C sequestration in the alpine meadow soils on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau over the short term.


In this work, a numerical method is applied for obtaining numerical solutions of Fredholm two-dimensional functional linear integral equations based on the radial basis function (RBF). To find the approximate solutions of these types of equations, first, we approximate the unknown function as a finite series in terms of basic functions. Then, by using the proposed method, we give a formula for determining the unknown function. Using this formula, we obtain a numerical method for solving Fredholm two-dimensional functional linear integral equations. Using the proposed method, we get a system of linear algebraic equations which are solved by an iteration method. In the end, the accuracy and applicability of the proposed method are shown through some numerical applications.


The packaging sector is an important industry. Packaging is used as a material to protect goods from external contamination. There are various kinds of packaging, one of which is often used is plastic packaging. In plastic packaging there is one of the BPA materials used in the plastic manufacturing process. This BPA content has the potential to be released and mixed with packaged food and drinks. While BPA is a content that can cause various diseases such as cancer. This study aims to determine the content of BPA in plastic packaging seen from the Law on Food and the Law on Consumer Protection. This study uses normative legal research that is descriptive analytical with a qualitative approach to primary data, secondary data and tertiary data which includes the content and structure of positive law. It is used as a reference in reviewing legal issues that are the object of study. The results of the study show that the BPA content in plastic packaging does not meet the packaging quality standards in accordance with the Law on Food. The Law on Food states that food packaging must use materials that do not endanger health. The Law on Consumer Protection also states that one of the rights of consumers is to have security and safety in consuming goods and services. The content of BPA which can cause various diseases is clearly not in accordance with the clauses in the Consumer Protection Act.


The magnetic response derived from an iron-smelting site was investigated by comparing magnetometry and magnetic susceptibility geophysical survey data and laboratory analyses of the magnetic characteristics of the furnace and slags. Magnetic analysis and microscopy (optical and SEM) of samples from the furnace lining and the slag deposits demonstrated the heterogeneity in the magnetic, morphological and mineral compositions of both materials. The comparison of the magnetic characteristics of the material with the geophysical survey data illustrated the importance of using both magnetometry and magnetic susceptibility survey techniques to maximize the information from an iron-smelting site. The furnace was dated archaeomagnetically to the 14th century ad. The results demonstrate that the magnetic analysis of iron-smelting sites is highly valuable, both to characterize sites and to improve the understanding of early iron-working technology.


A large variety of materials and techniques are available to increase strength of existing concrete structures in an effort to extend their service life. The way to make repaired and strengthened concrete structures durable is to ensure that the new composite system is tailored to serve the intended service life, and that the composite human system, the team involved with a project, is knowledgeable and experienced enough to recognize the complexity of their task. The paper reviews traditional methods and also offers a review on the use of advanced composite materials for strengthening existing concrete structures. The advantages and disadvantages of different techniques are presented.


S.-W.K and J. R. contributed equally to this work. This study was supported by grants from the National Research Foundation (NRF) National Research Laboratory (R0A-2008-000-20041-0; C. B. P.), Engineering Research Center (2008-0062205; C. B. P.), Converging Research Center (2009-0082276; C. B. P.), and WCU (31-2008-000-10055-0; K. K.)
programs. This research was supported by Energy Resource Technology RD K. K.) funded by the Ministry of Knowledge Economy, Republic of Korea. This work was also supported
by the National Research Foundation (NRF) Grant funded by the Korean Government (MEST) (NRF-2009-0094219; K. K.).


For electricity modernization of education and carrying out interaction teaching, wireless pointer based on HID (Human Interface Device) class should be designed. It contains encoding and decoding; wireless transmitting and receiving; HID class device circuits in the hardware part. The software part completed the MCU programme of the HID equipment and uploaded the data of USB keyboard usage ID. The device performs very well in the trial.


To naturally characterize the long-time sequence coupled equipment such as energy storage systems (ESS) and to enforce the non-anticipativity of dispatch decisions under uncertain renewable energy, a multi-stage robust dynamic unit commitment (MRDUC) model is proposed in this paper. MRDUC transforms the multi-stage robust unit commitment into a dynamic programming form, which is the first attempt to combine day-ahead optimization with intra-day multi-stage robust dynamic dispatch. The unit commitment problem is solved in the pre-stage, and a simulation of intra-day multi-stage economic dispatch is done thereafter, which further refines the UC decision in an iterative way. A pre-extended -fast robust dual dynamic programming (PE-FRDDP) method is proposed to efficiently solve the MRDUC problem, which simultaneously optimizes the day-ahead UC and the intra-day decision policies. Case studies on the modified IEEE 6-Bus and 4 large-scale systems from 300 to 1888 buses demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model and the solution methodology.


A display apparatus including a plurality of display devices and a control system is provided. Each of the display devices has at least two sensing units. When the display devices are arranged in sequence to commonly constitute a display interface, at least one of the sensing units of each of the display devices is aligned to one of the sensing units of another one of the display devices to generate a sensing signal. The control system is electrically connected to each of the display devices. The control system determines an arranged position of each of the display devices according to each of the sensing signals, and controls a displayed image of each of the display devices according to the arranged position of each of the display devices. In addition, a controlling method of the display apparatus is also provided.


We investigate the massive vector particles' Hawking radiation from the neutral rotating Anti-de Sitter(AdS) black holes in conformal gravity by using the tunneling method.It is well known that the dynamics of massive vector particles are governed by the Proca field equation.Applying WKB approximation to the Proca equation,the tunneling probabilities and radiation spectrums of the emitted particles are derived.Hawking temperature of the neutral rotating AdS black holes in conformal gravity is recovered,which is consistent with the previous result in the literature.


I believe that preaching in the Episcopal Church is generally poor By that I mean simply that there is a general failure to preach the gospel of the good news of God in Christ. A former dean of King's College, Cambridge, put it this way in commenting on preaching in the Episcopal Church in the twentieth century: But what shook me most of all is the character of the preaching that seems to prevail in your churches. . . . Preachers take texts from Scripture (though they do no always do that), and treat them as mottoes or captions under which they excogitate some religious or moral lessons that have little, if any, direct relation to the Scripture they have quoted. Who preaches sermons that are genuine expositions of the text and sense of Scripture, bringing to bear the great biblical themes of God's judgment and mercy upon men who are dead in their complacency, self-confidence or pride? Your preachers are still advocating justification by works of one kind or another (they may be very orthodox or very Catholic works); they are not preaching the gospel of salvation by faith in Jesus Christ.1 I am convinced that this assessment was, and still is, correct. It is confirmed by my own impressions, gained over sixty years of extended experience in six dioceses from Georgia to New Hampshire and from New York to California, and occasional experience in several others. Needless to say there have been some glowing exceptions, some experiences of excellent preaching. These, however, have only sharpened the contrast and the general impression of widespread poverty. My experience and judgment have also been confirmed by those of others. It was for me a striking testimony that the first general secretary of the World Council of Churches stated that the main thing that Anglicanism and the Episcopal Church could learn from the ecumenical church was preaching. He said that he believed that preaching was the weakest element in our life as a church. He cited an example from his recent attendance at an Anglican cathedral, adding that it was not an isolated experience for him and his colleagues at the World Council as they traveled around the world and the Anglican Communion, including the Episcopal Church. More recent evidence concerning the state of preaching in the Episcopal Church can be found in the July 1980 issue of this journal, which celebrated the fiftieth anniversary of the College of Preachers with essays on preaching and the teaching of preaching in the Episcopal Church. The warden of the College expressed the consensus of these essays in this way: Preaching [in the Episcopal Church] is usually not done well; on that there is general agreement. It is often horing, devoid of creative reflection, and in any other setting than the liturgy might constitute a major threat to the survival of religion. Sermons are often composed by overworked clergy in hasty desperation because time has run out, and sound like it. They lean heavily on truisms and repeat endlessly the obvious and the familiar. . . . Congregations return with indomitable hope to the hearing of mediocre preaching.2 In this essay, I will suggest that a major cause of this is the general failure to address the theology of preaching in the Episcopal seminaries, and I will offer some evidence of this failure. I will then suggest that this situation has deeper roots in the Anglican tradition (and the Catholic tradition generally). I will go on to propose that the solution to this problem lies in becoming clearer on the theology of preaching. Finally, I will outline an argument from Scripture, tradition, and reason for one view of the theology of preaching and also what this implies for the preparation of sermons. What, then, accounts for the situation I have alleged to exist-the poverty of preaching in the Episcopal Church? I believe that neglect of the theology of preaching is a major cause. By the theology of preaching I do not mean the theology in preaching, the relation of Christian doctrine to preaching. …


The UK construction industry employs over two million people and is the country 19s top employer. However, at present the UK is facing a massive shortfall of available skilled workers and this shortage is predicted to continue for the foreseeable future (ConstructionSkills, 2008). Within this commercial climate, the numbers of women employees has remained relatively unchanged for the past decade and women consist of just 10.1 per cent of the available workforce. This lack of diversity serves to both limit the availability of skilled talent that can be drawn upon and further exacerbates the current skills gap. Research into the issues surrounding organisational cultures and their impact upon the successful entry, retention and progression of women into the sector is limited. The Women and Work Sector Pathways Initiative (W&WSPI) project, funded by ConstructionSkills (2008), is providing a proactive approach to aiding in the progression and retention of women into the sector alongside analysing the role of organisational cultures and their impact upon preventing women from entering the construction industry. Findings gathered from a series of focus groups and semi-structured questionnaires are analysed and discussed within this paper. These findings have led to the development of a framework of recommendations that serve to both inform current project strategy and highlight areas of future research.


The social life skill has not been considered important in education that makes many people from children to youngsters nowadays have more conflicts due to some very simple reasons. This study was the third phase of a three-year-research. This third year study was aimed at socializing the social life skill modules and testing three kinds of socialization models to find out which one was the most effective: the centralistic model, the chaining model, or the professional organization model. This study used the quantitative research approach with a quasi experiment as the research method. The participants were 109 kindergarten teachers in Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY). The instruments were a questionnaire and a test, and the techniques of data analysis were quantitative description and analysis of variance. The analysis results showed: (1) The social life skill modules had been socialized among kindergarten teachers in DIY; all preschool teachers had got the modules through the three kinds of socialization models. (2) There were no differences of effectiveness among the three socialization models.


7529 Background: Mutations in POT1 gene in CLL lead to uncapping of the telomeric ends, causing fusion events and chromosomal aberrations. POT1 is mutated in approximately 4% of pts with CLL. Recent studies reported germline variants in POT1 in pts with familial CLL and in familial melanoma, cardiac angiosarcoma and glioma. We evaluated pts characteristics and the presence of other cancers (OC) in pts with CLL with POT1 mutation seen at our institution. Methods: We performed next generation sequencing (NGS)-based analysis for the detection of mutations in 29 genes frequently mutated in pts with CLL using blood and/or bone marrow samples containing a minimum of 10% clonal B-cells from 1467 pts diagnosed with CLL. Clinical characteristics, prognostic factors (FISH and IGHV status), personal and familial history of OC were collected in pts with POT1 mutations. Results: Mutations in POT1 were found in 52 of the 1467 pts studied (3.5%). Pts with POT1 mutation were young (median age 59 years), commonly presented with early stage disease (Binet stage A 69% vs B/C 31%: p=0.0046 and Rai stage 0-I 65% vs II-IV 35%; p=0.043) and predominantly male (37 male vs 15 female). According to FISH, the more frequent abnormalities were del13q (33%), no abnormalities (25%) and del11q (21%). IGHV status was more commonly unmutated (69%). The most frequent DNA mutations associated with POT1 were NOTCH1 (44%), TP53 (27%) and SF3B1 (23%). Other cancers (excluding non-melanoma skin cancer) were reported in 19 of the 52 pts with POT1 mutation (37%). The most common types were prostate cancer (12%), malignant melanoma (10%) and kidney cancer (8%). Twelve (23%) pts were diagnosed with OC before and 7 pts (13%) after the diagnosis CLL (Table). Four (8%) pts had more than one other cancer diagnoses. Twenty-eight (54%) pts had one of more first degree relatives with history of cancer. Conclusions: POT1 mutations were observed in 3.5% of pts with CLL. These pts are young and often have unmutated IGHV. We observed a high occurrence of OC, particularly malignant melanoma and kidney cancer in these pts. Additional studies are ongoing to determine the proportion of pts with germline POT1 mutation, the distribution of variant allelic frequencies and additional chromosomal abnormalities in pts with OC. Other Cancers in 52 CLL pts with POT1. [Table: see text]


Significance Several developmental and physiological processes require that cells display a controlled ability to migrate in an orientated manner. This capacity is also reacquired by certain cancer cells during their progression toward aggressiveness that allows them to establish distant metastases. The Rho GTPases are instrumental in the control of orientated migration. Here, we demonstrate that the estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα), whose high expression correlates with tumor aggressiveness and poor prognosis, decreases the stability and activity of the RHOA protein and induces orientated cell migration. Together with other published data, our results show that inactivation of ERRα may reduce tumor aggressiveness. Several physiopathological processes require orientated cellular migration. This phenomenon highly depends on members of the RHO family of GTPases. Both excessive and deficient RHO activity impair directional migration. A tight control is thus exerted on these proteins through the regulation of their activation and of their stability. Here we show that the estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) directly activates the expression of TNFAIP1, the product of which [BTB/POZ domain-containing adapter for Cullin3-mediated RhoA degradation 2 (BACURD2)] regulates RHOA protein turnover. Inactivation of the receptor leads to enhanced RHOA stability and activation. This results in cell disorientation, increased actin network, and inability to form a lamellipodium at the migration edge. As a consequence, directional migration, but not cell motility per se, is impaired in the absence of the receptor, under pathological as well as physiological conditions. Altogether, our results show that the control exerted by ERRα on RHOA stability is required for directional migration.


Nearly every parent who brings a child in for a consultation with a psychologist says: "He's very smart." In the course of the interview, however, it becomes clear that the child has a hard time with mathematics (while technically knowing the multiplication table, a pupil in the second or third grade cannot solve a problem such as: "If four monkeys have three bananas each, how many bananas do they have altogether?"); he is not good at writing compositions (he makes almost no mistakes, but cannot develop a topic); he is not good at recounting something he has read (he has a good memory, but is unable to identify the main elements of a text); he finds it difficult to formulate the moral of a fable he has learned and to comprehend the figurative meaning of a proverb, and so on, and so forth. A neuropsychological examination shows that the issue is by no means intellectual disability: in many texts the child does in fact display uncommon quick-wittedness and cleverness. In other tests, however, difficulties are apparent. Upbringing and training play a highly important role both in a child's intellectual development and in the development of his thinking abilities in particular [Halstead, 1947]. An adult introduces the child to his surrounding reality and communicates to him his first information about the phenomena of nature and society, without which the development of thought would be impossible. We should point out, however, that simple memorization of specific facts and passive assimilation of knowledge cannot yet ensure the proper development of children's thought. In order for a child to begin thinking, he must be confronted with a problem such that in solving it he can apply previously received knowledge to new circumstances. Hence, a major factor in the intellectual


In molecular mechanics, current generation potential energy functions provide a reasonably good compromise between accuracy and effectiveness. This paper firstly reviewed several most commonly used classical potential energy functions and their optimization methods used for energy minimization. To minimize a potential energy function, about 95\% efforts are spent on the Lennard-Jones potential of van der Waals interactions; we also give a detailed review on some effective computational optimization methods in the Cambridge Cluster Database to solve the problem of Lennard-Jones clusters. From the reviews, we found the hybrid idea of optimization methods is effective, necessary and efficient for solving the potential energy minimization problem and the Lennard-Jones clusters problem. An application to prion protein structures is then done by the hybrid idea. We focus on the $\beta$2-$\alpha$2 loop of prion protein structures, and we found (i) the species that has the clearly and highly ordered $\beta$2-$\alpha$2 loop usually owns a 3$_{10}$-helix in this loop, (ii) a "$\pi$-circle" Y128--F175--Y218--Y163--F175--Y169--R164--Y128(--Y162) is around the $\beta$2-$\alpha$2 loop.


Introduction: Bolus chase 3D contrast-enhanced MRA of the peripheral vasculature requires both rapid k-space sampling and precise timing of table motion to achieve high spatial resolution throughout an extended field-of-view while avoiding venous contamination at the lower extremities. Bolus chase methods typically guide table motion based on an estimate of the time for the contrast bolus to reach the most distal station, which is usually determined using a separate test injection of contrast. A potentially more accurate approach is to use MR fluoroscopy to trigger table motion in real time [1]. MR fluoroscopy has traditionally used low resolution 2D images with frame times as short as 1.0 sec to provide precise triggering [2]. However, given the time constraints in bolus chase MRA, it is desirable that the fluoroscopic images themselves be used for diagnostic purposes. This requires generation of 3D images with both high (1.0 mm isotropic) spatial resolution and short frame times. However, achieving frame times even as short as 2.5 sec is challenging. To date this has only been achieved using a high degree of view sharing with an extended temporal footprint of 20 sec or more, which is often longer than the time available to image a proximal station. As a result, there is often loss in lateral sharpness of vessels due to incomplete sampling of the kY-kZ phase encoding plane. In this work a modified CAPR-based fluoroscopic acquisition is described which maintains the 2.5 sec frame time while significantly reducing the temporal footprint, thereby improving the lateral sharpness of vessels in proximal stations by allowing more rapid sampling of the phase encoding plane. In vivo calf arteriograms from calf-foot studies demonstrate the high quality that can be obtained using the technique while rapidly generating time frames within a limited acquisition time window.


Global spending on oncology drugs hit $100 billion in 2014, an increase of 10.3% over 2013. The United States accounts for 42.2% of total spending.


This study has been conducted because the United Nations System Staff College recognized the need for more insight in strategic communication as an important pillar in the global and national strategy to achieve the Millenium Development Goals. In the Millennium Declaration's core strategy 'campaign and mobilization' are central and aim at creating awareness and mobilization of community level understanding and support for the Millennium Development Goals trough the civil society and media. Therefore communicators for social change want to generate more action and commitment to increase momentum for these goals, through awareness and advocacy for the Goals. The study has been analyzed communication documents and strategic country reports from 32 countries, to find out how strategic communication can support the work of United Nations organizations and thus support achieving the Millennium Development Goals. The research question is: What is good practice of strategic communication for the Millennium Development Goals?


The pulsed galvanostatic deposition of nanometer-sized Pt particles on electrically conducting microcrystalline and nanocrystalline diamond thin-film electrodes is reported. The deposition was studied as a function of pulse number (10-50) and current density (0.50-1.50 mA cm - 2 ) at the two morphologically different forms of diamond. The deposition of catalyst particles using ten I s pulses (duty cycle 50%) at a current density of 1.25 mA cm - 2 (geometric area) produced the smallest nominal particle size and the highest particle coverage on both diamond surfaces. Secondary electron micrographs revealed metal particle deposition over much of the diamond surface, a nominal particle size of 43 + 27 nm [relative standard deviation (RSD) = 63%] for microcrystalline and 25 + 25 nm (RSD = 100%) for nanocrystalline diamond, and a nominal particle coverage of 7.5 (′0.9) X 10 9 cm - 2 for microcrystalline and 1.9 (′ 1.0) X 10 1 0 cm - 2 for nanocrystalline diamond. Deposition under these conditions resulted in the most efficient utilization of the metal catalyst for H + adsorption, based on the electrochemically active Pt area normalized to the estimated metal loading. Typical specific surface areas of 10-50 m 2 /g Pt were calculated, which compare favorably to values obtained at sp 2 electrodes, like carbon and graphite. The influence of the diamond electrode microstructural and electronic properties on the formation of dimensionally uniform metal adlayers is discussed.


Hydrodynamic measurements of the very nearshore are valuable, but often difficult to obtain. Large amounts of bubbles due to wave breaking and complex installation complicate the use of acoustic instruments in this zone. This paper presents measurements obtained by a horizontal looking ADCP (hADCP) installed in the very nearshore to measure waves and wave currents. The observations are separated into the various timescales ranging from high frequency orbital motion to very low frequency oscillations and mean flow. Results reveal the presence of significant very low frequency oscillations and the potential of a hADCP to capture wave transformation in the nearshore.


AIM: To study the effects of glucose, insulin and growth hormone (GH) on expression of IGFBP-2 (insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2) mRNA in INS-1 cell line and to analyze the mechanism of IGFBP-2 regulation. METHODS: Northern blot analysis was performed for the expression of IGFBP-2 mRNA and enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay for the determination of insulin release in this cell-line. RESLUTS: Northern blot analysis showed that different glucose concentration could make a discordant effect on IGFBP-2 gene expression. The secretion of insulin increased and the expression of IGFBP-2 mRNA was suppressed when cells were kept at high glucose concentration. On the contrary, IGFBP-2 mRNA could be well detected in cells that were kept at low glucose while the insulin secreted normally. After 16h incubation, exogenous GH inhibited the expression of IGFBP-2 and at the same time the secretion of insulin increased. The expression of IGFBP-2 mRNA was inhibited by exogenous insulin at a low glucose concentration condition. CONCLUSION: The effects of glucose and GH on the expression of IGFBP-2 mRNA are inhibited by insulin.


Human life consists of communication which is based on language, and Public Administration Scientists engage in study using language. However, there has been no study on it. This paper aims to study on the encoding aspects of language written by Korean Public Administration Scientists focusing on Korean Public Administration Review (Spring 2007), try to suggest some alternatives and lead them to be a good guide to write their papers. Though it is a tentative work to contribute to better writing, this paper also seems to have the same mistakes as pointed out in this paper. Under the assumption that writing should be correct and that information should be fully furnished to readers, this paper analyses the articles in Korean Public Administration Review, from paragraphs to sentences, to words, and from suitable expressions to mistakes, to errors in the articles. The writers want this paper to be a response to the assertion that there has been no recommendable writing in Public Administration Science.


This HBC crystalline solar cell comprises: a substrate having a first surface having light incident thereto and a second surface positioned on the opposite side to the first surface, said substrate comprising a first conduction-type crystalline silicon exhibiting a photoelectric conversion function; and an i-type amorphous Si layer arranged so as to cover the second surface of the substrate. A first site being the same conduction type as the first conduction type and a second site being a different conduction type from the first conduction type are arranged, separated from each other, so as to be present inside the amorphous Si layer and partially exposed to the outside surface side of the amorphous Si layer.


Nanophase CuO powders were made from Cu(NO3)2 by the complexing-precipitate method, and the effects of complexing agent on particle sizes studied. The results show that CuO powders are smaller in size and slightly aggregate. The sample particles thus obtained are spherical and their average particle sizes are between 40~60nm. With NH3.H2O as the complexing agent, the best reaction conditions for preparing nanophase CuO are that the reaction temperature is 30℃ and the molar ratio of Cu(NO3)2 to NaOH is 1:3.


Social expectations are important regulators of vocational training of lyceums of shipbuilding vocational schools. The aim is to study the relationship of social expectations and professional training of lyceum-shipbuilders (n = 251). The most significant relationships of expectations and investigated variables at the level (p≤.01) are established. The program for optimization of development and psycho-correction in the form of the elective "Expected result" is implemented. The efficiency of the developed program has been experimentally confirmed. The ways of improvement and development perspectives are proposed.


Considering that the state equations of peak current-mode (PCM) controlled buck light-emitting diode (LED) driver with proportion–integration (PI) compensator are third-order singular matrices with maximum rank 2, it is not invertible and may lead to nonconvergent problem under certain circuit parameters. Therefore, an improved discrete-time modeling is performed by substituting state variables of power stage circuit for PI compensator equivalently in this paper. Based on this modeling, the stability of PCM-controlled buck LED driver is investigated by analyzing bifurcation diagram and the maximum Lyapunov exponent spectrum, while the conduction-mode boundary and stability boundary are deduced which indicate the operation regions of the system intuitively, providing design guidelines for LED driver. Experimental results are further presented to verify the theoretical analysis.


The invention discloses a stud welding method based on coating self-protection.The stud welding method based on coating self-protection comprises following steps: preparing and welding self-protective coating composition; machining steel studs to be of 150 degrees; grinding, cleaning and removing surface stains of the steel studs and a welding region of base material; applying prepared self-protective coating material to the welding positions of the surface of the steel studs and drying self-protective coating material; horizontally placing base material, downwardly placing the tapered end of the steel studs sleeved with matching ceramic rings to be vertical to base material and applying certain pressure; and lifting the steel studs, arching and finishing welding. The stud welding method based on coating self-protection has following beneficial effects: fine welding metallographic structure is obtained and welding quality is effectively improved; operation is performed easily and efficiency is significantly increased; arc deflection is prevented and splattering during a welding process is also prevented; high-quality welding joints without defects such as oxide inclusion, lack of penetration and incomplete fusion are achieved between the steel studs and base material; welding penetration of the steel studs is improved; and the stud welding method is suitable for the steel studs of more than 8 mm in different diameters and base material of different thicknesses.


In this paper,7Be was applied as a tracer to study spatial distribution difference of soil erosion in the ephemeral gully catchments under the individual rainfall event.The results show that the difference of 7Be content becomes significant after erosive rain event.As the hillslope length increases,the cumulative value of 7Be changes with the fluctuating trend.Spatial distribution characteristics of soil erosion are slight at upper slope where slope length is less than 10 m,and deposition happens in some areas.At downslope where slope legth is longer than 75 m,topsoil erosion is more severe.In addition,the rill erosion is more intensive at the near area of shallow gully channel.Generally,soil erosion intensity in ephemeral gully catchments increases with the increase of slope length.


Abstract While recent research on written corrective feedback (WCF) has elaborated on the connection between teachers' beliefs and practices, little research has investigated EFL teachers' WCF as a multifaceted notion. Drawing on activity theory (AT), in this case, study, we aimed at presenting a picture of EFL teachers' beliefs about WCF and how their beliefs interrelate with their WCF practices. To this end, we collected data from three EFL teachers working at a private language center in Iran. The data were collected from multiple resources including semi-structured interviews, teachers' WCF on sample essays, and stimulated recall interviews. The results showed that teachers' beliefs did not align with their practices as far as the scope and type of WCF are concerned. Teachers' beliefs, on the other hand, corresponded to their practices regarding the types of errors they targeted. Teachers' reasoning for (mis)alignments of their beliefs and practices were analyzed from an AT perspective and were then matched against an activity system diagram.


The recent locust outbreaks in Russia raised considerable interest in applying remote sensing methods to locust control and forecast. The life cycle of the locust depends on such environmental conditions as temperature, soil moisture, air humidity, plant biomass, and soil type. Few remote sensing methods are able to retrieve these parameters; in our investigations, we used NOAA (AVHRR) and EOS (MODIS) satellite data. A complex index of locust hazard based on other indexes, such as NDVI, aridity, number of sunspots, was developed for the area of Western Siberia. It was found that the risk to locust hazard in the Southern Siberian region should be considered high when the locust index is higher than, or equal to 0,51. However, no correlation was found between that index and the locust outbreak in the southern part of European Russia, which led to the investigation, based on GRACE satellite effective water layer thickness in the Lower Volga region. It was concluded that the complex index of locust hazard has to be localized regionally.


Research and vocational information resources for SUNY Erie students studying ophthalmic dispensing (opticianry) and vision health View streaming videos on health and featured health care professions


This chapter demonstrates the Scriptural and Talmudic approach toward the time phenomenon and, in particular, the utilization of time as an economic vehicle with respect to ?time preference"-the placing of a higher value on present rather than future goods; ?waiting time"- the Talmudic theory of interest; ?lost time"-the Talmudic theory of foregone opportunities or opportunity cost, the remarkable evaluation of the same, and the subtle distinction between ?waiting time" and ?lost time." It explains the economic significance of the concept of Agar Natar as it relates to the category of ?waiting time." The chapter also describes the doctrine of Agar Bʾteilah (which is the Aramaic equivalent of the Hebrew Sʾkhar Bʾteilah), defined as ?lost time." The author's objective is analytic not halakhic (legal).Keywords: Adam Smith; economic time; market behavior; opportunity cost; Sʾkhar Bʾteilah; Talmudic literature; Torah


Hyperglycemia is a major problem for people in Indonesia with a prevalence of 8.4 million people in 2000. Various types of therapeutic treatments have been widely recommended including metformin as conventional medicine for first-line treatment in type 2 DM. WHO has recommended the use of traditional medicines in health care society, prevention and treatment of disease. Currently the problem of effectiveness in achieving blood sugar reduction targets is still a problem for conventional antihyperglycemia therapy and scientific herbal medicine. In addition, the amount of costs incurred for each therapy is also a consideration for patients in determining the type of therapy to be chosen. Based on these problems, it will examine the cost effectiveness analysis between scientific antihyperglycemia herbs with a combination of conventional antihyperglycemia. The research design used was observational analytic and data analysis using the Incremental Cost Effectiveness Ratio (ICER) method and interpreted using the Cost Effectiveness Plane (CEP). Retrieval of cost data uses the perspective of the provider as a health service provider. Respondents were 63 patients, consisting of 31 patients with conventional antihyperglycemia combination therapy at Kalibakung Health Center, and 32 patients with antihyperglycemia scientific herbal therapy at Kalibakung Herbal Medicine. The results of the percentage of the effectiveness of the success of conventional antihyperglycemia combination therapy reached 61.29%, while the percentage of the effectiveness of the success of the scientific treatment of antihyperglycemia herbs reached 68.75%. The average total cost per patient for conventional antihyperglycemia combination therapy is Rp. 375,251, for antihyperglycemia scientific herbal therapy as much as Rp. 336,354. The data was then analyzed by ICER and an ICER value of Rp -8,240 / patient was obtained.


In his article, "The New Knowledge Management and Online Research and Publishing in the Humanities," Steven Totosy de Zepetnek discusses the problematics of new media scholarship and technology and online publishing in the humanities today. He argues that while there are legitimate questions about scholarly material in the humanities online, the reality is that most undergraduate as well as graduate students today use the web for at least the initial stages of their research. In order to increase the quality of content of scholarship on the world wide web, scholars in the humanities ought to get involved with new media scholarship and, consequently, publish new work online. However, as obvious this may be, scholars in the humanities tend to be suspicious of online publishing and are slow to adopt new media technology. In his paper, Totosy de Zepetnek discusses aspects of both theory with regard to the information highway and new media technology and practical matter such as online research. Totosy de Zepetnek hopes that while a radical change in thinking and practices is not likely to happen too soon, humanities scholars would employ, increasingly, the possibilities and the advantages -in both content and form -new media technology offers for knowledge management and scholarship in the


TheuseofComputational Fluid Dynamics simulators in mainpremise ofbeingrealistic enoughfortheparticular adesign procedure usually requires choosing between precision and design tobevalidwhentakentoproduction. Thatis,the computational cost. This isespecially true ifthesimulator isused simulator mustbedesigned toachieve realistic result with within anautomatic design environment whereitisgoing toberun moderate computational cost. recursively inmanyiterations. Thisworkpresents anexperimentalAn automatic design environment basedon evolutionary validation procedure applied toasimplified aerodynamic simulator forsail design. Thesimulator permits evaluating alarge number of techniques wascreated byourgroupwiththeobjective of different alternatives with amoderate computational cost. However,achieving validresults ingeneric optimization ordesign somevalidation oftheachieved numerical results isrequired in processes(3).Thisdesignenvironment was lately order toobtain realistic results. implemented andadapted forperforming aerodynamic designs andapplied, asafirst application, tothedesign of Keywords -aerodynamics, evolutionary algorithms, optimization windturbine blades (4). Inthat particular caseasimple, fast, androbust aerodynamic simulator basedonbladeelement I. INTRODUCTION theory wasdeveloped fortheprediction oftheperformance ofanyturbine blade produced bytheevolutionary process. Often, whentrying toachieve particular design goals in Thegeneral structure oftheenvironment canbeusedfor anytypeofaerodynamic orhydrodynamic problem, CFD otheraerodynamic or hydrodynamic designs, butthe codes areusedinorder totrytosimulate thebehavior ofwhat simplicity ofthesimulator usedinthis first application makes isbeingdesigned. Thisinformation isthenusedbythe itunsuitable formostofthese problems. humandesigner topropose modifications that might makethe Withinthisframework we havebeensimultaneously system better meetits goals. However, CFDsarecomplicated working ononehandontheevaluation ofthereliability of programs that inmanycases require agooddealofparametersimplified CFD codesandthedevelopment ofappropriate tuning inorder toachieve anytypeofbelievable result. The codecalibration techniques soastobeabletodecide how process oftuning these parameters isnotstraight forward and faithful toreality they really are.Ontheother handwehave requires theusertobeveryexperienced. Anyimprecision in beenintroducing different simplifications onthemodels used thetuning oftheparameters could lead toresults that areway inorderto improve thecomputation ofthesedesign offreality and,consequently, willproduce mistaken designprocesses. Fromthepoint ofviewofaerodynamic or choices andusually lead tocost overruns andproject failures. hydrodynamic design, this isaprocess that tries tooptimize On theother hand, thegoalofanyengineering designtheshape ofabody; therefore inthese problems themodelis process istoachieve theoptimum compromise value foraset asurface acting asaboundary onthefluid dynamic problem. offitness criteria representing theobjective sought. There Several elements areinvolved intheevaluation stage andall havebeenmanyproposals fortheautomation ofthis task ofthemaffect tothefinal result oftheoptimization process. through theuseofdifferent optimization procedures (1,2), However, limited computational resources makeitnecessary evolutionary techniques arethemostrelevant amongthen,determine whichelements canbeneglected. Itisinthis duetotheir appropriateness forexploring verycomplexframework wheretheappropriate validation stage becomes so solution spaces, evenwhenawellconformed fitness functionimportant inorder todetermine thequality oftheresults. isnotavailable. Themainideaofanyautomatic design Inthispaperwe aregoing to concentrate on the process istotake thedesigner outofthesearch/decide loopto presentation ofasimplified modelfortheevaluation ofsails avoidthe biasesit introduces due to previouswithin evolutionary design procedures anda windtunnel experience/inexperience and the limited numberof basedmethodology forthevalidation oftheresults provided alternatives ahumaniscapable ofcontemplating. bythismodel. We willfirst introduce, ina verygeneral Automatic design software implies averylarge number of manner, theevolutionary environment within whichthe evaluations ofalternatives inorder toexplore solution spacessimulator andthevalidation strategy operate. thatarecharacterized by a veryhighdimensionality. Consequently, to makethemmoresuitable forthe


Introduction:
 Guidelines for resuscitation of ventricular fibrillation (VF) out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) advise drug therapy (epinephrine and antiarrhythmics) if a patient requires ≥3 shocks. Given that a higher number of shocks is associated with lower survival, the ability to predict which patients will require ≥3 shocks could enable preemptive, targeted intervention (antiarrhythmics or early hospital transport for invasive interventions) aimed at improving outcome.

 Aim:
 We sought to design an ECG-based algorithm to predict whether VF OHCA patients will require ≥3 shocks.

 Methods:
 We evaluated a cohort of adult VF OHCA from a metropolitan EMS system between 2008-2020. Patients were randomized 80%-20% for training-test. We trained an algorithm to predict whether a patient will require ≥3 shocks using 3-s ECG segments collected immediately before and within a minute after initial shock. The method uses a random forest classifier to predict shock count based on singular value decompositions of ECG wavelet transforms. Test performance was quantified by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Association between functional survival and shock count was evaluated with logistic regression. A sensitivity analysis assessed prediction of patients requiring ≥4 shocks.

 Results:
 Of 1376 VF OHCA patients, 311 (23%) were female; the median (IQR) shock count was 3 (1-6) and 591 (43%) achieved functional survival. Shock count was associated with lower functional survival with an odds ratio (95% CI) of 0.92 (0.89-0.95) for each additional shock. In 275 test patients, AUC (95% CI) was 0.80 (0.74-0.85) for predicting ≥3 shocks and 0.81 (0.75-0.85) for predicting ≥4 (Figure).

 Conclusions:
 A machine learning algorithm based on ECGs proximal to the initial shock predicts patients likely to experience refractory VF and high shock count, and could enable rescuers to preemptively administer interventions targeted to improve resuscitation outcome.


Delta-I noise (simultaneous switching noise) poses a severe limitation on the size of the individual crosspoint chips that can be used to synthesize a large crossbar network. An architectural solution for reduction of the Delta-I noise in a crossbar network by using a one-sided crosspoint switching circuits is presented. Because of the existence of multiple switching paths between any pair of terminals to be connected, these circuits provide the potential for minimizing the Delta-I noise by placing the active line drivers uniformly among the switching chips. It is shown that when the sequence of connections and disconnections is arbitrary, and with a minimal nonblocking configuration of one-sided switching chips, no algorithm exists for allocation of paths in the network that can prevent the active line drivers from getting concentrated in a few chips. However, it is possible to reduce the maximum number of active line drivers in a chip by using extra columns of chips. Tight upper bounds are achieved for the number of additional columns required for a one-sided nonblocking crossbar network when a Delta-I constraint is imposed. >


A set S of vertices in a connected graph G is a resolving hop dominating set of G if S is a resolving set in G and for every vertex v ∈ V (G) \ S there exists u ∈ S such that dG(u, v) = 2. The smallest cardinality of such a set S is called the resolving hop domination number of G. This paper presents the characterizations of the resolving hop dominating sets in the join, corona and lexicographic product of two graphs and determines the exact values of their corresponding resolving hop domination number.


Objectives: To elucidate the preference of (non)ST-Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome ((N)STE-ACS) patients with Multivessel Disease (MVD), with regard to the timing of Non-Culprit Lesion (NCL) treatment by Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI). Methods: At the end of 2020, a survey was sent to 442 patients who received PCI for (N) STE-ACS between December 2018 and October 2020 at Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands. The primary outcome was patient preference for the timing of NCL revascularization, being during index PCI, during index admission, or as an outpatient procedure. The secondary outcomes consisted of peri-procedural complaints and symptoms of ischemia, namely chest pain and dyspnoea, during exercise and at rest. Secondly, effects on mental well-being were assessed. All symptoms were graded on a 5-point scale to allow for a quantitative comparison. Finally, unplanned visits with cardiac symptoms were scored. Results: Of the 442 invited patients, 265 (60%) responded of whom 197 (45%) were included and 68 (15%) were excluded. Overall, the majority of patients (69%) preferred direct complete revascularization. Non-invasive imaging-guided PCI was chosen by 23% of patients. Interestingly, MVD patients (n=98) who underwent a single PCI procedure consulted the physician with cardiac complaints less frequently than patients who underwent multiple procedures (21.4% vs. 53.6%, p=0.001) and had lower chest pain scores (1.36±0.62 vs. 1.95±1.07, p=0.001). Conclusion: Complete revascularization of all non-culprit lesions during index PCI was the preferred treatment and was associated with reduced chest pain severity and fewer consultations for cardiac symptoms.


As China's urbanization process speeds up,numerous peasants not only lose their lands,but also are bugged by identity crisis.There are two main factors to explain peasants' identity crisis.First,peasants' tie with lands is suddenly cut off,which is the base of rural life in our society with urban-rural structure.Second,the policy of the nation's taking land over for other use will cause social deprivation to peasants.In order to overcome peasants' identity crisis,we should guarantee their employment and living security.


Face recognition is a challenging Computer Vision task. In this paper, we propose a method for face recognition by applying data augmentation and transfer learning in pre-trained Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). Our main focus is to analyze the power of data augmentation for face recognition systems with CNN transfer learning. We extracted features from the images and trained a KNN classifier using the VGG-Face CNN. For the input dataset, we applied several transformations to generate 12 different versions of datasets used to evaluate which combination produces better results. We ran experiments using data augmentation on the LFW dataset. We also created a proprietary dataset composed of 12 subjects. The tests have shown that the classifier trained with the dataset Saturation presented the best results with an accuracy of 98.43%. For the proprietary dataset, the best accuracy was 95.41% obtained with the Brightness, Contrast, and Saturation Combined version. In this way, we conclude that the data augmentation is essential for the face recognition task. However, a study needs to be performed for each application, since the augmentation operations that improve the classification results are dependent on the input set. Furthermore, we show that with a few samples available, it is possible to have a face recognition system with high accuracy.


The embodiment of the invention relates to a main and secondary apparatuses conversion method between communication method, communication equipment and system, and request equipment of service. One method comprises: acquiring fault information of main communication equipment and ascertaining the main and secondary apparatuses conversion is needed; sending an indication of the main and secondary apparatuses conversion to the request equipment of service; using the indication of the main and secondary apparatuses conversion to indicate that the request equipment of service switches the siganlling communication indicator from a main signalling interaction access address of the main communication equipment to a secondary signalling interaction access address of the secondary communication equipment; and taking over business provided by the main communication equipment. The embodiment of the invention reduces the probability of interrupting of user business during the main and the secondary equipment conversion between communication equipment.


Immunoperoxidase staining patterns with a monoclonal antibody against human breast cancer cell membrane, 125B4, were investigated in frozen sections of normal tissues from adult rats of both sexes and of various mammary tumors from 7, 12-dimethylbenz (α) anthracence (DMBA)-treated female rats. In normal tissues, 125B4 preferentially recognizes myoepithelial layers of the mammary, sweat and salivary glands, basally situated epithelial cells of the skin, vagina, esophagus, urethra, urinary bladder, seminal vesicle and epididymis, and endothelial cells of blood vessels. It does not react with luminal cells of the abovementioned organs, epithelial cells of the stomach, intestine, liver, pancreas and uterus, and mesenchymal cells. The reactivity in benign mammary tumors is comparable to that in normal mammary tissue, but it is observed on some adenoma cells scattered spottedly in proliferating fibroadenoma. In malignant mammary tumors, the reactivities are not restricted to the banally localized carcinoma cells and distributed abundantly in the carcinoma foci of squamous cells carcinoma, adenocarcinoma and carcinosarcoma. Neoplastic mesenchymal cells cannot be stained with 125B4, which stains endothelial cells within the tumor stroma. Except for the endothelium, therefore, our data indicate that this antibody may react to the antigens present in basal and myoepithelial cells of rat mammary parenchyma.


The group of the non‐classic infectious exanthems are mostly maculopapular or vesicular. The latter changes are typical for infections with varicella‐zoster virus and Coxsackie viruses. Congenital cytomegalovirus infections are characterized by petechiae and purpura, while the papular‐purpuric gloves and socks syndrome is usually associated with parvovirus B19. Aside from these, the non‐classic infectious exanthems diseases include nonspecific exanthems coupled with respiratory and enteric infections.


Objective Explored the mechanism of action of tanshinone IIA (TIIA) against atherosclerosis. Methods ApoE−/− mice were divided into two groups of 10: model and TIIA. A control group of 10 wild-type mice was created. ApoE−/− mice were fed a high-fat diet for 12 weeks. The TIIA group received TIIA once daily. Mice were anesthetized, blood collected by cardiac puncture, and the aortic sinus/arch collected for histology and molecular studies, respectively. Results Mice intima in the model group had large areas of plaque formation, serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) increased significantly, and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels decreased significantly in the model group after 12 weeks. Staining [hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), Oil-Red-O] showed that the aorta had lesions, a higher degree of plaque formation, and considerable lipid deposition in model-group mice. After TIIA treatment, expression of HDL-C was increased significantly and that of TC, triglycerides and LDL-C decreased significantly, and plaque size and lipid deposition improved obviously. Analyses of protein phosphorylation in aortic tissue suggested that the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) pathway was activated in TIIA-treated mice. Conclusion TIIA can lower levels of serum lipids, stabilize atherosclerotic plaques, reduce endothelial injury, and inflammatory damage by activation of the TGF-β/PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway.


Poly(ether-ester-amide)s (PEEAs) based on poly(tetramethylene oxide) and tetra-amide segments were synthesized by a solution/melt polymerization. The tetra-amide segments (T6A6T) were based on adipic acid (A), terephthalic acid (T), and hexamethylene diamine (6), and were synthesized prior to the polymerization. Monodisperse tetra-amide segments, i.e. T6A6T, as well as polydisperse segments, consisting of a mixture of uniform segments of diamide (T6T), tetra-amide (T6A6T), and hexa-amide (T6A6A6T), were utilized in the preparation of the PEEAs. In this way, a polydispersity index ranging from 1.0 to 1.09 could be obtained. In addition, a random copolymer, synthesized by a one-pot polymerization, was also studied and the copolymer had a polydispersity of 1.2. The low polydispersity of the one-pot synthesis amide segments was mainly due to the uneven reactivity of the terephthalic ester groups. The properties of copolymers were studied by DSC, FTIR, DMTA, compression set, and tensile set measurements. When the polydispersity of the amide segments was increased, the copolymers displayed a slower crystallization, a lower final crystallinity, a broader melting transition, a decreased storage modulus at room temperature, as well as a decreased yield strength and inferior elastic properties


Abstract A pronounced and highly significant bias is uncovered in tropical cyclone minimum sea level pressure (MSLP) estimates calculated using the Dvorak technique. The bias is present in operational estimates from each of the primary Atlantic tropical analysis centers (TACs). The bias can be approximated as a linear function of latitude and is caused by the dependence of tropopause temperature on latitude. On average, MSLP estimates from each TAC are consistently too high (compared to aircraft reconnaissance measurements) at higher latitudes and too low at lower latitudes. The latitude of zero bias is near 23°N. Because the relationship between tropopause temperature and latitude is fairly robust among the global ocean basins, the latitude-dependent bias that exists in Dvorak technique MSLP estimates of Atlantic basin tropical cyclones should extend to Dvorak technique estimates in all ocean basins. A simple linear fit is constructed between the Dvorak technique MSLP estimate errors and latitude, and th...


Numerous studies have shown that the glass transition temperature, Tg, of polymers may change visibly upon addition of even small amounts of nanoparticles. In this study, we examine the effect of polymer–nanoparticle interfacial energy on this phenomenon in nanocomposite films containing polystyrene-grafted nanoparticles mixed with polystyrene homopolymer at low particle loadings. A previous experiment showed that the interfacial energy of this system modulates with the grafting density of the grafted polymer and the molecular weight ratio of the matrix and grafted polymers. We find that the changes in Tg vary with both parameters in manners that quantitatively agree with the interfacial energy.


Recent requirements for high power transistors in the UHF region have necessitated certain new design concepts. This paper treats these concepts and their application to a device which has recently delivered 1.0 watt with 10 db gain and 3.0 watts with 5 db gain as an amplifier at 500Mc. High frequency power gain requires that the ratio of the emitter edge to emitter area be maximized, leading to the conventional linear design. Gain considerations also tend to require that the ratio of the emitter area to the collector area be maximized. These considerations lead to the unbalanced linear design in which the base surrounding the emitter is only that required to support the transistor action over the entire emitter length. The linear design has been successfully utilized in an interdigitated pattern at low power levels, but experience with this and other re-entrant patterns has indicated thermal problems at higher power levels. The annular pattern employing linear design has been quite successful at the higher power levels, but is wasteful of crystal area. A spiral based on the annular design provides the most efficient usage of crystal area for a continuous device. This pattern in conjunction with new breakdown voltage and space-charge current limitation considerations has produced a more satisfactory thermal design for power transistors in this UHF region.


The trend to shorter natural fallow periods in shifting agriculture calls for management alternatives to accelerate nutrient accumulation and aid in weed control. Substituting cover crop-based managed fallows is one possibility. Our objectives were to (i) quantify nutrient accumulation by three tropical legumes [Canavalia ensiformis (L.) DC. ; Desmodium adscendens (Sw.) DC. ; and tropical kudzu, Pueraria phaseoloides (Roxb.) Benth.] grown as managed fallows for 12 and 18 mo, (ii) evaluate the effect of residue management (burning vs. not burning) on the efficient use of nutrients by the subsequent rotational crops rice-cowpea-rice [Oryza sativa L.-Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.-O. saliva], and (iii) determine the effect of commercial fertilizer on maintaining crop yields. The study was conducted at two sites (Typic and Aquic Dystropepts) in the Chapare region of Bolivia. Total aboveground nutrient contents of the cover crops, across sites and duration of managed fallow, ranged from 41 to 391 kg N ha -1 , <1 to 27 kg P ha -1 , 5 to 191 kg K ha -1 , 3 to 136 kg Ca ha -1 , and 7 to 47 kg Mg ha -1 . Averaged across sites and residue management, grain yields for the first rice crop after a 12-mo managed fallow were highest with pueraria (1.65 Mg ha -1 ), followed by canavalia (1.38 Mg ha -1 ) and desmodium (0.65 Mg ha -1 ). Slashing and burning resulted in a mean rice (1st crop) yield increase of 137% compared with slash only. Cowpea yield was less affected by treatment variables than rice, due perhaps to N 2 fixation. For the last rice crop, there were no grain yield differences for any of the variables studied. Nutrient uptake differences were most evident with the first rice crop, and were influenced primarily by residue management. Compared with slash only, and averaged across sites for the first rice crop, slashing and burning fostered a whole-plant increase of approximately 18 kg N ha -1 , 3 kg P ha -1 , 24 kg K ha -1 , 4 kg Ca ha -1 , and 3 kg Mg ha -1 . Soil chemical properties were only marginally affected by any variable. Shorter fallow periods with legume cover crops can produce adequate yields of annual crops. Longer cropping periods than we used are likely to require lime and fertilizer to sustain crop production.


D. L. COSTILL: There is no single factor that poses a greater threat to the marathoner's health and performance than does hyperthermia. In addition to the demands placed on the cardiovascular system to transport nutrients to the running musculature, the circulatory system must transfer metabolically produced heat from the active tissues to the body surface where it is to be dissipated to the environment via the evaporation of sweat. Any factor that tends to overload the cardiovascular system or reduce the sweat evaporation can drastically impair the marathoner's performance and risk overheating. A second result of the evaporative body water loss is the excretion of ions in sweat. It has been suggested that large electrolyte losses in sweat may induce muscle cramping, upset body water balance, and impair muscular function. Thus the body's efforts to maintain a thermal equilibrium may result in large losses of essential body water and electrolytes, thereby placing even greater restraints on the marathoner's capacity to endure the 26 miles of competition. The papers in this section have offered an opportunity to view the interaction between body temperature regulation and body fluid balance. The following discussion will reveal the complex physiologic systems that are forced to function at near maximal capacities to support the runner's performance and to minimize the danger of heat injury. A. CRAIG (University of Rochester, Rochester, N . Y . ) : Dr. Nadel, your studies of exercise and the rise in body temperature suggest a centrally controlled mechanism. Is that the control variable? And if so, what is the comparator? E. R. NADEL (Ya le University, New Haven, C t . ) : We feel that it is probably the hypothalamic temperature that is the important variable in evaluating the nervous input and sending out the appropriate regulatory outflow, in this case sending out the messages for the heat dissipation responses. There have been a number of studies where the small area of the brainstem, the hypothalamus, has been heated and cooled and a very small total caloric input is added or subtracted from the brain, and yet one can get a fairly large response, out of proportion to the heat input thermoregulatory response. For that reason we are fairly confident from neurophysiological studies with animals that the comparator and the integrator is in the hypothalamus. In our studies all we can do is take the best measure that we can of internal temperature, esophageal temperature, and use it as the primary piece of input information to the brain. Skin temperature is also important, but this, as we mentioned, is only about 10% as important as the internal temperature. There may be temperature receptors in muscles or the spinal cord, but we have no way of separating these in humans. D. E. CASTRO ( S U N Y at Bingharnpton, Binghampton, N . Y . ) : I realize this question is rather general and perhaps a little speculative, but in your studies of the body's capability to resist overheating, have you noticed any evidence of the ability to selectively control the mechanisms of sweating versus peripheral blood


The study is carried out for a unidirectional rough steel surface with rms roughness of 1.77 micrometers and rms slope of roughness of 0.135 rad. The degree of depolarization of scattered laser light with wavelength of 0.6328 micrometers was measured with a polarometer in the specular direction in the angular range of 30 - 80 degree(s). For laser light linearly polarized at a 45 degree(s) angle to the plane of incidence, the dependence of the measured degree of depolarization on angle of incidence has one maximum equal to 0.1 and an angle of incidence corresponding to the maxima is 70 degree(s). It is found experimentally that the reason for the measured depolarization is spatial variations of the azimuth and the ellipticity of the fully polarized scattered light within a polarometer aperture. Computer simulation of the scattering from a one-dimensional rough surface satisfactorily describing the dependence of the measured degree of depolarization on angle of incidence up to 70 degree(s) inclusive shows the single scattering makes the main contribution to the dependence of the measured degree of depolarization on angle of incidence.


Submitted for the MAR08 Meeting of The American Physical Society Temperature-Dependence of the Resonant Pump Wavelength in Optical Pumping Injection Cavity Lasers L.J. OLAFSEN, Baylor University, K.G. YOUNG, University of Houston, T.C. MCALPINE, College of Wooster, W.W. BEWLEY, I. VURGAFTMAN, J.R. MEYER, U. S. Naval Research Laboratory, H. LEE, R.U. MARTINELLI, Sarnoff Corporation — An optical pumping injection cavity (OPIC) laser contains a type-II W active region enclosed between two GaSb/AlAsSb distributed Bragg reflector mirrors, where the thickness of the etalon cavity surrounded by the mirrors is tuned to the desired pump wavelength. Multiple reflections of the pump photons result in more efficient absorption of the pump beam and consequently higher efficiencies and lower lasing thresholds. An optical parametric oscillator is used to pump the OPIC lasers at resonance, where the threshold pump intensities are minimized and output efficiencies are maximized. The resonant pump wavelength varies linearly with temperature. In addition to presenting light-light results, including efficiencies and thresholds as a function of temperature, the temperature-dependence of the resonant pump wavelength will be discussed, including the relative variations and contributions of lattice constant and refractive index with temperature. Linda Olafsen Baylor University Date submitted: 04 Dec 2007 Electronic form version 1.4


Art education enjoys the same origin with general education,its professionalization brings alienation from education of other culture and science though it is inevitable due to the development of the time.There is an orientation of utilitarianism of high professionalization and instrumentalization in spite of the tendency of swift development of art special education,although the general education of students majoring in art has been paid attention to,but with little effect,meanwhile the art education of students whose major are not in art hasn't been paid due attention to.It is necessary to strengthen art education and adopt scientific ideas of art education,and build talent cultivation program integrating general education and art education.


This paper compares two accounts of legal methodology: Kelsen's and Scholten's. It focuses on the relationship of the diferent psychic faculties (specially reason and emotion) in solving legal cases.


The article summarizes the status and some problems of library science teaching and curriculum.Based on the new idea of teaching reform and the principles of core curriculum,the author proposes a new plan of the core curriculum in library science education.


This chapter talks about the Mut's Contra-Temple at South Karnak. The Contra-Temple's inscriptions have a direct relationship to the crypt. The chapter illustrates a more accurate plan of the structure by the Brooklyn Museum Expedition's William H. Peck, made in connection with the expedition's work on the structure. The Brooklyn Museum Expedition was able to restore a block to the east wall of the door between Rooms Y and Z. The north face of the restored block is the more interesting side, as it contains part of a column of text in the same style as the other Mentuemhat inscriptions from the room and is in situ. The side walls of the Contra-Temple are partially built of reused decorated blocks that are Thut moside in date. Keywords: Brooklyn Museum Expedition; Contra-Temple; Mentuemhat inscriptions; Mut temple; Ptolemy VI; South Karnak


The winter of 1997 was mild and dry. Total rainfall in La Morra between February and May was 25.8 mm, compared to the average of 309.4 mm. The mild, dry winter gave way to a warm, dry spring, so bud break was about 20–30 days earlier than usual. As a result, there was some damage caused by frost in late April. The beginning of June saw the end of the drought (133 mm of rain fell in La Morra in the Ž rst 9 days), but temperatures remained mild. July and August were hot and dry, conditions that continued through September, with maximum temperatures staying above 30 °C even during harvest at the end of September. The vines suffered from the hot, dry year. Flowering for Nebbiolo took place around 20 May, about 2 weeks earlier than the norm. The hot, dry summer led to some vines shutting down, affecting physiological ripeness in certain instances. Véraison for Nebbiolo began on average 10–15 days earlier than usual in the last 10 days of July. Harvest began as early as mid-September (usually for the less patient growers, those accustomed to picking prior to the rain rather than on ripeness) and continued through to the middle of October, with the weather staying dry until the end of harvest. Yields were average (the law permits a maximum yield of 8 t ha 2 1), higher than 1996 but much the same as in 1998 and 1999. The vintage was characterised by high sugar levels, lower than average acid levels, sweet tannins and stable colour. Its lush fruit resulted in immediate declarations of stellar quality, but many producers now feel that both 1996 and 1998 are better-balanced vintages.


Since being more and more widely used for combustion end uses in many cities of China,natural gas from different sources with different qualities is supplied at the same time for the same city.Therefore,this paper introduces the origin and potential bad effects of gas interchangeability in the gas supply system,the commonly-used discriminating methods and technical measures,dates back to the historical reason of high heating value of LNG,summarizes the concrete solutions of gas interchangeability abroad,and analyzes the current status of study on natural gas interchangeability in China.By learning good experiences from other countries,it finally makes the following suggestions for dealing with gas interchangeability in Chinese urban gas supply system:a.the related standard should be set up for natural gas market,and natural gas should be reasonably supplied according to differently divided regions and differently classified end users;the designed reference parameters should be determined for combustion burners more adaptable for differently sourced gases,the design requirements should be specified for combustion burner manufacturers,and the traditional end use equipments should be transformed and adjusted to meet the current need.


Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of acupuncture threading gallbladder suspension and conventional Transumbilical single port laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Methods 60 patients with gallbladder stones,gallbladder polyps(met the inclusion criteria),were randomly divided into the 30 cases(observation group) who were treated by transumbilical single port laparoscopic cholecystectomy with acupuncture threading gallbladder,the 30 cases(control group) were surgeried by transumbilical single port laparoscopic cholecystectomy with the the routine.The operative time,blood loss,hospital stay,pain index,shoulder pain,C-reactive protein(C-reactive protein,CRP),blood clotting function were obsevered to evaluate the therapeutic effect of the two surgical techniques.Results The operative time,blood loss,hospital stay,pain index,shoulder pain,CRP comparison were a statistically significant difference.In two groups of patients before and after surgery(P 0.05,P 0.01,P 0.001).The coagulation index PT,APTT,INR,fibrinolytic index FIB,DD test results in observation group were no statistically significant differenceand before and after treatment(P 0.05).Athese index in control group were a statistically significant difference(P 0.05,P 0.01,P 0.001).Conclusion The umbilical single hole laparoscopic cholecystectomy with acupuncture threading gallbladder suspended has the following advantages: gallbladder triangle revealed good,traditional instruments to deal with them is simple and convenient,small incision imperceptible played a cosmetic effect after surgery.The patients with normal coagulation avoid laparoscopic postoperative venous,pulmonary embolism problem.


Objective Evaluation of digital forming a titanium mesh surgical repair of skull defects effect,Summary of surgical experience.Methods Digital forming of titanium mesh repair of skull defects of 123 cases.Results In 123 cases,Satisfied with the appearance of 123 cases,Complications occurred in 10 cases,The mean operative time(105±3) min.Average amount of titanium screw(1±0.9) gold,Compared with the manual shaping titanium mesh cranioplasty group,Effects significant difference.Conclusion Digital forming of titanium mesh repair of skull defects,Shaping effect,Simple operation,with few complications,Material of choice for cranioplasty.


A rapid radicle assay for prescreening antagonistic bacteria to Phytophthora capsici, causal agent of Phytophthora blight of pepper was developed. Sixty-four bacterial strains with in vitro antifungal activity selected out of 1,400 strains isolated from soils of Ansung, Chunan, Koyang, and Paju, Korea in 1998 were used for development of the bioassay. Uniformly germinated pepper seeds dipped in bacterial cells for 3 hours were placed near the edges of growing mycelia of P. capsici on water agar containing 0.02% glucose. Five-week-old pepper plants (cv. Nockwang) were inoculated to compare with results of the radicle assay developed in this study. For plant inoculation, pepper seeds were sown in potting mixtures incorporated with the bacterial strains, then transplanted into steam-sterilized soils 3 weeks later. Plants were hole-inoculated with zoospores of P. capsici 2 weeks after transplanting. Disease incidence and severity were determined in radicle and plant assessments, respectively. In radicle assay, six strains, GK-B15, GK-B25, OA-B26, OA-B36, PK-B09, and VK-B14 consistently showed the significant (P=0.05) disease reduction against radicle infection by the fungus, four of which also did in plant assessments. Strains OA-B36 and GK-B15 consistently reduced the fungal infection in both the radicle assay and the plant assessment. Therefore, prescreening strains using the radicle assay developed in this study followed by plant assay could reduce time and labor, and improved the possibility of selecting antagonistic bacteria for control of Phytophthora blight of peppers.


both in the short and longer term, need to be provided. This paper will report on Silver Chain's research program to develop and test such a model of care the Home Independence Project. The conceptual basis for the research will be presented first, followed by presentation of the results of the current pilot study and a description of the service model that IS next to be tested in a controlled intervention study.


Prologue to safety physical causes safety criteria setting standards risk assessment assessment techniques evidence and assessments causes and compromises scenarios review bodies and the like attitudes human interfaces evidence and presentations.


We review the field of top-quark physics with an emphasis on experimental techniques. The role of the top quark in the Standard Model of particle physics is summarized and the basic phenomenology of top-quark production and decay is introduced. We discuss how contributions from physics beyond the Standard Model could affect top-quark properties or event samples. The many measurements made at the Fermilab Tevatron, which test the Standard Model predictions or probe for direct evidence of new physics using the top-quark event samples, are reviewed here.


The effects of nickel sealing process parameters such as bath temperature,pH,and current density on micropore density of chromium coating were comparatively studied using home-made N001 and commercial DN-618 respectively as the additive of nickel sealing.The effect of the type of additive on corrosion resistance of chromium coating was discussed.When using N001 as the additive,the optimal process parameters of nickel sealing are as follows:bath temperature 50-60 ℃,pH 3.8-4.2,current density 4 A/dm2,and thickness of chromium coating 0.3-0.5 μm.The micropore density of chromium coating prepared under the optimal conditions is 1.1 × 105 ind/cm2 or so.The corrosion resistance of the chromium coating was assessed at grade 9 after copper-accelerated acetic acid salt spray test for 48 h.


Along with the spotlight of storytelling, storydoing has attracted public's attention as it has been utilized in various different areas. There are valued message by producer and story to back it up in the storydoing. Recipient will acknowledge the affordance encouraged by producer and confirm the message by practicing it. Finally producer will evaluate the practice process. Therefore, storydoing promotes the product of company, strengthens the brand image and delivers message and value through a previously mentioned cycle. Ultimately, storydoing is operated based on user's experience. In this study, based on the experience theory of John Dewey, in order to discover how the interactivity and continuity operate story doing, we conducted a study on the concept of storydoing, the national and international story doing status, the difference between storytelling and storydoing, the elements of story doing, the relationship with user experience, and the principle of operating story doing. As a result, we learned that story doing had the five elements of message, story, characters, action, and confirmation, and operated by the interaction and continuity between the producer and receptor. Thus, through this research to understand the nature of storydoing, we have identified new trends of the cultural industries and discovered the possibilities to expand the application scope of storydoing, which was currently applied by companies to promote their brand images, onto contents field. More importantly, the proposal of theoretical differences between storytelling and storydoing makes this report meaningful in terms of sociocultural, industrial and academic aspect.


According to the structural characteristic and technical request, we adopt anti-shower bottom gating system and organic ester water-glass self-hardening sand to assemble core and select mold, meanwhile, we control the smelting, the nodulation and the inoculation process strictly, and design the auxiliary equipment and tool reasonably so that the produced large scale medium silica heat-resistant nodular iron stoves whose quality, tolerance of dimension and mechanical property can meet the request.


Background : Mastoidectomy is a surgical procedure to remove an infected portion of the bone behind the ear called mastoiditis when medical treatment is not effective. Patients with chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) complications mostly need this surgery in order to maintain the normal function of hearing. Chronic mastoiditis and cholesteatoma are the most common indications of CSOM. This study was conducted to identify the characteristics of patients who underwent mastoidectomy at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, from 2012– 2013. Methods : A descriptive study using total sampling method was conducted. Data were collected from medical records of 41 patients who underwent mastoidectomy at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital from 2012–2013. Inclusion criteria were medical records of patients who underwent mastoidectomy, and consisted of variables studied, such as age, gender, chief complaint, main etiology, method of surgery, and presence of abnormalities in the structure of middle ear. Incomplete medical records were excluded. The collected data were presented using percentage. Results : Age ranged from 15–64 years (85.37%), male patients were higher (65.9%) compared to female patients (34.1%). Otorrhea (70.73%) was the main chief complaint and infection (100%) was the main cause. Majority of patients had canal wall down (CWD) surgery (63.41%) and many abnormalities were found in the inner ear structure during the surgery. Conclusions : Infection is the only cause and otorrhea is the main indication for mastoidectomy. Most patients have been operated with CWD technique.


Severe hyperbilirubinemia causes permanently cerebral palsy to baby, need to diagnose and treat correctly. This study aimed to compare various factors among infants with/without re-hyperbililubinemia by reviewing medical records diagnosed hyperbililubinemia and phototherapy in Srisangwornsukhothai between March and September 2009. Factors included sex, age, gestational age, delivery method, birth weight, maternal and infant complications, days of phototherapy, bilirubin levels before phototherapy and 24 hours after discontinued phototherapy, mother and child's blood group & Rh, Combs test and G6PD were presented as frequency and percentage. Various factors between both groups were compared by chi-square and Fisher's exact test. Comparison of risk (odds ratio) was used to analyze these outcomes. It was found that 171 jaundiced infants from 300 delivered infants were 83 male and 88 female. Unique baby re-phototherapy was newborn begin phototherapy from 0 to 1 day on body weight less than 2,500 grams, included with induced birth asphyxia and bilirubin levels drop when 24 hours discontinued phototherapy less than 3 mg/dL. Thus, surveillance should be repeated in infant with re-hyperbililubinemia after 24 hours-discontinued phototherapy. Infant should be repeated bilirubin level before returning home. This information should be composed in discharge plan and follow-up and also advise mothers how to observe hyperbilirubinemia.


A method for the deconvolution of blurred images that uses photon counting Poisson statistics to determine the most probable solution is described. The method ensures that the final solution is physically meaningful and consistent with the observations. The developed algorithm is tested with real blurred data, and the result is compared with other methods. These tests show that the algorithm produces stable results that are in good agreement with the true answer.


We recently found that 17β‐estradiol (E2) induced physiological hypertrophic growth in the heart of C57Bl/6J but not of C57Bl/6N female mice. We aimed at characterizing the E2 effects in C57Bl/6N mice hypothesizing that β‐catenin mediates these. Two‐month‐old female C57Bl/6N wild‐type (WT) and cardiac‐specific β‐catenin‐deleted (β‐catΔex2‐6) mice were ovariectomized and randomized to an E2‐containing or soy‐free (CON) diet (n = 7‐13/group). The 3‐month physiological dose of E2 led to a higher relative uterus weight compared with CON (P < 0.001) in both WT and β‐catΔex2‐6 mice. The relative heart weight and cardiomyocyte cross‐sectional area were significantly decreased by E2 compared with CON in WT mice (P < 0.001), while there was no significant effect in β‐catΔex2‐6 mice. Echocardiographic measurements revealed a significant decrease in septum width (P < 0.001), posterior wall thickness (P < 0.01) and fractional shortening (P < 0.05) in E2 treated WT mice compared with CON, while there was no significant change in β‐catΔex2‐6 mice. Immunoblotting analysis of the muscle‐specific RING finger protein 1 (MuRF1) revealed a significant increase in its levels by E2 compared with CON in WT mice (P < 0.05), while there was no significant effect in β‐catΔex2‐6 mice. In conclusion, our surprising findings indicate that in C57Bl/6N mice E2 leads to cardiac mass and function loss via a β‐catenin mechanism.


AdaptiSPECT-C, a multi-pinhole, multi-detector, and stationary brain SPECT imaging system is being developed by the University of Massachusetts Medical School and the University of Arizona. During AdaptiSPECT-C acquisitions, the patient's head will be positioned entirely inside a hemi-spherical collimator assembly. A popular method to mitigate head motion during the protracted acquisitions is to use external cameras for tracking the motion of the head throughout the acquisition. This motion estimate is then used during SPECT reconstruction to compensate for the motion. Unfortunately, the close proximity of the bore to the patient will occlude the motion tracking camera's view of the patient from outside the bore, thereby posing a significant challenge to using such methods. Therefore, we propose to use small-baseline stereo depth-sensing cameras placed inside the AdaptiSPECT-C bore, to track patient's head motion. In this study, using an imaging phantom, we measure the manually generated phantom motion at a distance of about 15 cm from small baseline stereo depth sensing cameras. The motion is measured simultaneously with Optitrack motion tracking system, a commercially available marker based motion tracking system to provide a reference ground truth. Finally, we showed that at close range, we can utilize the 3D surface estimates generated by the small baseline stereo depth sensing cameras, for aligning a preexisting CT to the patient's SPECT acquisition in order to provide attenuation correction during SPECT reconstruction. Future work will include reconstruction simulations that incorporate motion correction based on actual motion data from the tested cameras as well as providing CT alignment for CT-based attenuation correction.


HPHE bacteriological diagnosis of gonorrhoea in males by microscopic examination is generally accepted as satisfactory; but this same examination, when applied to female patients, has been found to be inadequate. During the first six months of 1945, 11,890 smears were examined, as an aid in the diagnosis of gonorrhoea, by the Division of Laboratories of the Quebec Ministry of Health. The male specimens numbered 3,430 with 33 per cent positive, whereas the female specimens, numbering 8,460, gave a positivity rate of only 5 per cent. Though well aware of the superiority of cultural methods over microscopic examination, central laboratories were slow in adopting these methods because of the lack of satisfactory means of transmitting specimens by mail. In a study of different carrying media, Coleman and Clark (1,2) concluded that Hirschberg's medium (3, 4) is both efficient and practical. Daily use of this medium for the last two years has led us to confirm this conclusion. A study of the results obtained from delayed cultures, as compared with direct cultures and microscopic examinations, is the subject of this report.


The RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR), initially known as a virus infection response protein, is found to differentially regulate two major players in the insulin signaling pathway, IRS1 and IRS2. PKR up-regulates the inhibitory phosphorylation of IRS1 and the expression of IRS2 at the transcriptional level.


The U.S. lacks commitment to the field of bioprocess engineering— the manufacturing side of biotechnology— raising questions about whether it can compete effectively with other countries to produce future biotech products. More research support and more manpower are badly needed in the field. Those, at least, are the findings of a report on bioprocess engineering released last week by a National Research Council (NRC) panel. However, several researchers in the field voiced skepticism about the report at a briefing accompanying its release. These skeptics expressed doubts that the NRC report contains substantially new data compared with past similar reports by NRC and others. They wondered, too, whether the report will achieve its intended purpose of spearheading new efforts to increase the visibility of bioprocess engineering, or instead will merely gather dust. The report was presented at the briefing by panel chairman Michael R. Ladisch, professor of bioprocess and agricultural engineering at Purdue Uni...


Mosques as public entities need good financial management. As a form of transparency and public accountability to the people. In its implementation, management is only managed simply, only recording income and expenses that occur at a certain time and submitting it as a report to the people. This form of transparency is manifested in the form of financial reports as an effort to be financially accountable to the people. This research is a field research with a qualitative descriptive approach and data was collected through direct observation, interviews with the management of the Al-Hajj Mosque. The results of the study show that the Al-Hajj Mosque keeps records based on income and expenses only without any grouping of accounts. The mosque's financial receipts come from local government subsidies, community donations and charity boxes which are distributed every Friday prayer. As for the mosque's financial expenses to finance operational expenses as well as incentives and fees. the management of the al-Hajj mosque does not know about the ISAK 35 standard, so that the presentation of the mosque's financial reports is not up to standard. The preparation of financial reports is still oriented towards the preparation of cash flow statements, where the financial reports are still only cash receipts and disbursements. Therefore researchers try to provide an overview related to ISAK 35 and implement standardized mosque financial reporting. The assets owned by the al-Hajj mosque cannot be fully described. The nominal value of the land and buildings owned is not included because this mosque is owned by the local government. The board only manages cash and cash equivalents originating from resource providers. As for debt, this mosque has no debt for the construction or operation of the mosque


Explores new methods for assessing the threat of AC corrosion on buried pipelines. The results from this project will improve indirect inspection methods for assessing the impact of induced AC currents on pipeline corrosion rates and could be used for national and international standards. To accomplish this goal the project has three thrust areas: laboratory studies, industrial test facility benchmarking, and in-service pipeline validation. Previous work in our lab has shown that the magnitude of interfacial capacitance of the corroding metal is a key parameter in determining the AC corrosion rate. As such we will investigate the interfacial capacitance that develops on pipeline steel as a function of corrosion product build-up (scaling) and soil properties such as, resistivity, mineral content, and pH. In addition, we will conduct exploratory studies to determine the susceptibility of pipeline steel to environmental fracture during exposure to AC. Results from these tests will be benchmarked in experiments conducted in industrial pipeline testing facilities at Mears Integrity and Marathon Petroleum. Finally, we will validate the project by collecting indirect inspection data on an in-service pipeline in a transmission line right-of-way owned by Marathon. These data will be used as input to an AC Risk Algorithm to prioritize direct inspection of the pipeline. If permissible, the section of the pipeline identified as being at the greatest risk will be assessed using direct inspection.


In this paper, an efficient reliability method is proposed. The Asymptotic Sampling (AS) and Weighted Simulation (WS) are two main basic tools of the presented method. In AS, the standard deviation of the distributions are amplified at several levels to find an adequate number of failed samples, then by using a simple regression technique, the reliability index is determined. The WS is another method which uses the uniform distribution for sampling, where the information about the distributions of the variables is taken into account through the weight indexes. The WS provides interesting flexibility where a sample generated for a specific standard deviation can be used as a sample for another standard deviation without having to reevaluate the limit state function. In AS the deviations of variables are scaled in each step, where one can use the flexibility of the WS to decrease the required calls of limit state function. Using this technique results in a new efficient method so-called Asymptotic Weighted Simulation (AWS). In addition, using the strengths of both AS and WS can be considered another superiority of the hybrid version. Performance of the presented method is investigated by solving several mathematical and engineering examples.


The treatment of timothy grass stem tissue with sodium hydroxide in the presence of air resulted in a rapid fall in the amount of soluble D-glucose and D-fructose in the plant material. Lactic acid and other degradation products with retention times on gas-liquid chromatography similar to saccharinic acids were formed. The calcium salt of α-D-glucoisosaccharinic acid, although taken up by the rumen bacteria and holotrich protozoa studied, was not readily metabolised as assessed by gas, volatile fatty acid and lactate production and incorporation studies. Using the same criteria, the calcium salts of α,β-D-glucometasaccharinic acids were not assimilated by either of the microbial cell preparations isolated from sheep receiving a diet of hay and sugar-beet pulp. The uptake of D-glucose by the bacterial and protozoal preparations was affected in incubations in vitro containing increased concentrations of the α-D-isosaccharinic acid and D,L-lactic acid, respectively.


The objective was to demonstrate the occurrence of the rare benign tumour angiomyoma or angioleiomyoma in the ear canal. Angiomyoma, known as vascular leiomyoma or angioleiomyoma, is a benign tumour of smooth muscle arising from the muscular wall of veins and comprises less than 5% of all benign smooth muscle tumours. Peak incidence is observed in the fourth to sixth decades with the site of predilection being the subcutaneous tissue in the lower limbs, followed by the upper limbs. This is in contrast to our present case, where the angiomyoma was found in the ear canal which is very rare. A 60-year-old female, an otherwise healthy patient presented with fullness in the left ear. Excision of the swelling was done without any complications.