A flocking algorithm of multi-target tracking for multi-agent is presented.By using the number of agents to get the remainders of the target numbers,the target for each agent is determined.Two kinds of potential functions are presented to get the inputs of the dynamic systems.Based on the potential functions agents with same target can make a flocking in the process of tracking,and the different ones will be separated from each other.Lyapunov stability theorem is applied to prove the algorithm convergene.Simulation results of two tracking targets of multi-agent show that the multi-agent tracking problem can be solved efficiently by the proposed method.


The result of field efficacy showed that silicone surfactant TC-2011 had many advantages with improving utilization ratio,increasing efficacy,reducing spraying volume and safe to the crop.These could efficiently ease the pressure of pesticides to the environment.when adding 0.05% to 0.1% surfactant TC-2011 in 40% chlorpyrifos EC,the field efficacy and the rate of leaf protection were significantly improved in the condition of cuting down 50% dosage and 4/9 spray volume.


The measurement of the dose constant of radium in equilibrium with its end-products was resolved experimentally as well as by calculation. The experimental measurement was carried out in a free air room, 26 x 24 x 22 m, at different distances between radiation source and ionization chamber. The manufacture of both ionization chambers is described. The result of measuring was 8.13 plus or minus 0.2r- cm/sup 2/h/sup -1/. mg/sup -1/. The result of the calculation was 8.30 plus or minus 0.4rcm/sup 2/- h/sup -1/- mg/sup -1/. Apart from this it was shown that through the exact measurings of the scatter- radiation addition the total absorption coefficient of the primary gamma rays for air can be ascertained. The value of the total absorption coefficient for air was mu = (7.27 plus or minus 0.5)- 10/sup -5/ l/cm. (auth)


The era of silicon micromechanics is upon us. In areas as diverse as telecommunications, automotive, aerospace, chemistry, entertainment and basic science, the ability to build microscopic machines from silicon is having a revolutionary impact. In my talk, I will discuss what micromachines are, how they are built and show examples of how they will have a revolutionary impact in many areas of science as well as technology.


The utility model discloses an iron tower for ultra-high voltage. The iron tower is a cup-type straight line tower, and comprises tower legs, a tower body and a tower head, wherein the length of the tower legs is the length of the tower legs which lead the iron tower to be installed vertically according to the terrain of the installation site of the iron tower; the tower body is erected on the tower legs, and the horizontal section of the tower body is rectangular; the tower head is erected on the tower body and comprises two crank arms connected with the tower body, cross arms overlaid on thecrank arms symmetrically and an overhung type ground wire bracket erected on an edge cross arm of the cross arms; the space enclosed by a middle cross arm of the cross arms and the two crank arms canenclose a first gap circle formed by ultra-high voltage medium-phase wires; and the space enclosed by the edge cross arm and the crank arm at the same side can enclose a second gap circle formed by ultra-high voltage edge-phase wires. The iron tower for ultra-high voltage can meet the requirements of electric gaps of ultra-high voltage power transmission, form negative shielding angles to the wires, thus being applicable to mountainous areas; in addition, the iron tower adopts omni-bearing long and short tower legs, protects the terrain and vegetation of mountainous areas and is beneficial toprotecting the environment.


reviews general methods for predicting the transport and other physical properties of fluids such as gases and liquids. Topics covered range from the theory of corresponding states and methods for estimating the surface tension of liquids to some basic concepts of the kinetic theory of gases. Methods of estimating liquid viscosity based on the principle of additivity are also described. This volume is comprised of eight chapters and opens by presenting basic information on gases and liquids as well as intermolecular forces and constitutive and additive properties of chemical compounds. The reader is then introduced to practical methods for computing the values of physico-chemical quantities necessary for designing technological processe. Subsequent chapters focus on the surface tension of liquids and its dependence on molecular properties; the phenomenon of internal friction (viscosity) in fluids; graphical interpolation and extrapolation of liquid viscosity data; and the thermal conductivity of gases and liquids. The final two chapters examine diffusion in gases and liquids, with emphasis on the methods used for estimating the coefficients of diffusion. This book will be of interest to chemists and students and research workers in chemistry. Interactive Fortran IV Computer Programs for the Thermodynamic and Transport Properties of Selected (fluids Pack) Transport Properties of Fluids Near Critical Points Jan V. Sengers 1970 The report reviews the situation concerning transport properties of fluids in the vicinity of critical points. Methods for measuring viscosity and thermal conductivity are examined and a critical assessment is presented of the experimental results. The paper covers the viscosity and thermal conductivity in binary liquid mixtures near the critical mixing point, in gases near the gas-liquid critical point and in liquid He I near the superfluid transition. The experimental results are interpreted in terms of current theoretical predictions. (Author). The Corresponding-States Principle and its Practice Hong Wei Xiang 2005-07-26 The corresponding-states principle helps the understanding and calculating of thermodynamic, transport, and surface properties of substances in various states, required by our modern lifestyle. The Corresponding-States Principle and its Practice: Thermodynamic, Transport and Surface Properties of Fluids describes the origins and applications of the principle from a universal point of view with comparisons to experimental data where possible. It uses the universal theory to explain present theories. Emphasis is on the properties of pure systems, and the corresponding-states theory can also be extended to mixtures, which are treated as pure systems. Furthermore, the author discusses current progress, and shows technicians how to derive practical equations from molecular modeling. The Corresponding-States Principle and its Practice: Thermodynamic, Transport and Surface Properties of Fluids is the ideal handbook for those in chemical science and engineering related to energy, environment, natural gas, and petroleum. * Describes the origins and applications from a universal viewpoint * Includes experimental data for comparisons * Suitable for researchers, applied engineers, and those interested in the corresponding states theory Viscosity and Thermal Conductivity of Individual Substances in the Critical Region book is addressed to specialists working in the field of power engineering and chemical technology for processing foodstuffs, as well as engineers, students, and researchers concerned with investigations of thermophysical properties of gases and liquids in the critical region. The foundations of modern theory of transport phenomena in the vicinity of the liquid-gas critical point and procedures for calculating viscosity and thermal conductivity, based on the theory, are presented. The relationship between equilibrium and comprehensive of the of heat and mass transfer nanofluids a critical review of past recent research projects in Emphasis placed on the fundamentals of the transport processes using particle-fluid suspensions, nanofluids. The nanofluid research examined and presented in a holistic way using a great deal of our experience with continuum mechanics, statistical thermodynamics, and non-equilibrium thermodynamics of transport processes. Using a thorough database, the experimental, analytical, and numerical advances of recent research in nanofluids critically examined and connected to past research with medium fine as well as to functional engineering systems. Promising applications and technological issues of heat/mass transfer system design with nanofluids Provides a deep scientific analysis of nanofluids using classical thermodynamics and statistical thermodynamics to explain and interpret experimental observations Presents the theory and experimental results for both thermodynamic and transport properties Examines all transport properties and transport as well as their relationships through the pertinent macroscopic Combines recent knowledge pertaining to nanofluids previous fifty years of research on particulate including research on transient flow and heat transfer of particulate suspensions holistic the dielectric constant and refractive index, in the interpretation of molecular interactions and molecular structure. The available experimental data on several nonpolar liquids and liquid mixtures are also provided. final chapters survey the nuclear relaxation and spectroscopic data in simple liquids. present experimental data relevant to transport phenomena in simple Workers and in the field of simple dense fluids find this book of great value. Many of the papers on experimental technique contain discussions on equation of state correlations. Indeed, a good deal of the experimental work is intimately tied to a mathematical description of fluid mixtures. The theoretical section presents reviews that cover the modern theory of critical phenomena, methods to correlate near critical experimental results and approaches to understanding the behavior of near critical fluids from microscopic theory. It is hoped that the scope of these reviews will provide the reader with the basis to further develop our understanding of the behavior of supercritical fluids. the most reliable methods for evaluating the transport properties of pure and as and The place particular on recent theoretical advances in our understanding of fluid transport properties in all the different regions of temperature and pressure. In addition to the important theoretical tools, the authors cover the different methods of data representation, and they follow this with a section that demonstrates the application of selected models in a range of circumstances. They then offer case studies of transport property analysis for real fluids, and the book concludes with a discussion of various international data banks and prediction packages. Advanced students of kinetic theory, as well as engineers and scientists involved with the design of process equipment or the interpretation of measurements of fluid transport properties, will find this book indispensable. was developed and used to calculate the viscosity and thermal conductivity of continuous, or polydisperse mixtures with various distributions (e.g. linear, several gaussian distributions including unsymmetric, etc.) using nonequilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD). (2) A method was developed to calculate the thermal conductivity of nonspherical (rigid) molecules using NEMD. (3) The NEMD method for thermal conductivity of nonspherical have a careful look at the contributions due to internal rotational degrees of freedom in linear compounds such as chlorine, nitrogen, etc. (4) It has long been speculated that polar fluids exhibit heat induced birefringence, i.e., the molecules will tend to align themselves along the direction of an external heat field. Using nonequilibrium molecular dynamics we were able to conclusively confirm this. (5) We completed a preliminary study of the viscosity of homonuclear diatomics and their mixtures (e.g. N2, Cl2, etc.). (6) We completed a study of the various flexibility (vibrational) effects, such as bond bending, bond stretching etc., on linear and nonlinear model triatomics. To examine these effects in our preliminary study, we looked at the pressure second virial coefficients. engineering an low-pressure transport properties of theory as a intermolecular precision of or characterizing intermolecular force law if constants are derived from experimental data, or for 65 gases thermodynamic for the superheated presented in tabular form and as a Mollier The density, thermal conductivity, viscosity, specific and surface of the metal are given by tables and charts. The methods used in determining the properties are discussed. and to fundamental to, the development of sequestration and This unique and comprehensive account will provide the experimental and theoretical background of near-equilibrium transport properties which provide the background when investigating industrial applications. Coverage includes new experimental techniques and how existing techniques have developed, new fluids eg molten metals, dense fluids, and critical enhancements of transport properties of pure substances. Practitioners and researchers in chemistry and engineering will benefit from this state of the art record of recent advances in the field of transport properties. book is concerned with the prediction of thermodynamic and transport properties of gases and liquids. The prediction of such properties is essential for the solution of many problems encountered in chemical and process engineering as well as in other areas of science and technology. The book aims to present the best of those modern methods which are capable of practical application. It begins with basic scientific principles and formal results which are subsequently developed in


Plants have served as a source of new pharmaceutical products and inexpensive starting materials for the synthesis of some known drugs. Components with medicinal properties from plants play an important role in conventional Western medicine. Natural products and their derivatives represent more than 50% of the drugs in clinical use in the world. One of the paramount reasons for pursuing natural products chemistry resides in the actual or potential pharmacological activity to be found in alkaloids, terpenoids, coumarins, flavanoids, lignans, glycosides etc. Phytochemicals produced in plants are secondary compounds responsible metabolic activities and defense in purpose. Rheum webiannum is also known as Indian or Himalayan rhubarb and Revandchini. In the present investigation, the different solvent extracts viz. Ethyl acetate (ETA), Methanol (MET), Distilled water (AQ), Petroleum ether (PET) and Hexane (HEX) of rhizomes of Rheum webiannum were screened for antimicrobial and antioxidant potential 250 μg/ml. The potent antibacterial extracts viz. ethyl acetate, methanol and aqueous extracts showed least MIC values against the bacterial cultures. The results also showed the potent antioxidant potential of all the extracts. Amongst all the extracts, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts showed significant antioxidant potential. The study thus confirms the presence of antimicrobial and antioxidant compounds in the rhizomes of Revandchini.


We study the unitary time evolution of the entropy of entanglement of a one-dimensional system between the degrees of freedom in an interval of length and its complement, starting from a pure state which is not an eigenstate of the Hamiltonian. We use path integral methods of quantum field theory as well as explicit computations for the transverse Ising spin chain. In both cases, there is a maximum speed v of propagation of signals. In general the entanglement entropy increases linearly with time t up to , after which it saturates at a value proportional to , the coefficient depending on the initial state. This behaviour may be understood as a consequence of causality.


Profiled bodies are characterized by being made of a single or multiple layer paper material, possibly reinforced by a less rigid reinforcing layer. The individual layers have a maximum weight of 150 g/cm . The profiled bodies have one or several cavities with at least 1.5 mm free height. The cavities are produced by stamping by means of a male mould and a corresponding die (female mould). Also disclosed are a process for producing said profiled bodies and a fibre-reinforced material which is particularly suitable for producing said profiled bodies.


Because of its unique historical development,Chinese middle class showed its consumption culture and consumption psychology different greatly from the ones in Europe and the U.S.A.when the consumerism is prevalent.The characteristics of the consumption culture of Chinese middle class are that:(1)the ultra-modernism of consuming activity(2)the consuming mode is composed of vogue consuming,luxurious consuming,pre-consuming and taste-consuming,and(3)model-consuming resulted from demonstration.The reasons for this consumption culture lie in:(1)the conservatism in politics(a panic about social status)(2)the immaturity of class culture(3)the low social prestige and(4)the influence of the traditional concept of "mianzi"(face dignity).


The study starts with an attempt to outline terrorism conceptually. It then discusses the policy and operational background of the War on Terror. The study progresses with a brief review of the major processes of political decision-making and military atrocities resulting from the war. The main argument of this study suggests that the scale of global terrorism cannot be successfully combated through the sole application of military power that produces more terrorism. The study contributes to the critical academic literature that claims that by overstating the terrorist activities and adopting brutal military strategies, the War on Terror is actually inducing terrorism. As is evidenced, terrorist attacks are on the rise both in number and magnitude after the war. The study concludes that the War on Terror is leaving the world more at risk with adverse consequences on global peace and security by creating inefficient governments, malfunctioning institutions, cultural intrusion of the west, and degrading misconceptions like Islamophobia.


We are developing a high resolution technique for the direct measurement of pulse durations of soft x-ray pulses that arise from laser-induced plasmas driven by sub-picosecond lasers. This technique relies on the ponderomotive effect (high intensity Stark Effect) of a high intensity (~1014W/cm2), 100 fsec visible laser on the absorption properties of core transitions in noble gases at soft x-ray wavelengths. We employ cross correlation in high density krypton of a 100 fsec 616nm laser pulse with an x-ray pulse produced from a laser plasma driven by a high intensity, 300 fsec 308nm laser. The 616nm laser effectively "switches" the absorption of the x-rays in the krypton off and on with a resolution exactly equal to its pulse duration. We have demonstrated the technique by making a preliminary measurement of the pulse duration of 100 eV soft x-ray pulses derived from the interaction of a 300 fsec, 3mj 308nm laser pulse on a gold rod. We observe a cross correlation signal on the order of 1 psec. This value is in rough agreement with computer modeling codes (LASNEX) for our experimental conditions. To our knowledge this is the only demonstration of a technique for the measurement of the duration of soft x-ray pulses with a resolution of better than a few picoseconds. In addition, it is an example of a rather rare experimental occurrence: the non-linear interaction of visible light and x-rays. This measurement technology is crucial to the development of a soft x-ray "framing" camera capable of recording changes in atomic positions in solids with a resolution sufficient to resolve electron-phonon interactions.


The olive tree (Olea europaea L.) is an ancient traditional crop in the Mediterranean Basin. In the Mediterranean region, traditional olive orchards are distinguishable by their prevailing climatic conditions. Olive trees are indeed considered one of the most suitable and best-adapted species to the Mediterranean-type climate. However, new challenges are predicted to arise from climate change, threatening this traditional crop. The Mediterranean Basin is considered a climate change "hotspot," as future projections hint at considerable warming and drying trends. Changes in olive tree suitability have already been reported over the last few decades. In this context, climate change may become particularly challenging for olive growers. The growing evidence for significant climate change in the upcoming decades urges adaptation measures to be taken. To effectively cope with the projected changes, both short and long-term adaptation strategies must be timely planned by the sector stakeholders and decision-makers to adapt for a warmer and dryer future. The current manuscript is devoted to illustrating the main impacts of climate change on olive tree cultivation in the Mediterranean Basin, by reviewing the most recent studies on this subject. Additionally, an analysis of possible adaptation strategies against the potentially negative impacts of climate change was also performed.


This study draws from 98 participant interviews to develop an empirical definition of family favoritism. Results indicate that study participants understand favoritism as a consistent, sometimes situational parental demonstration of preferential treatment toward a particular child, especially in consideration of attention, resources, and affection. Considering a communication as constitutive of reality perspective in conjunction with the definition helps to illuminate the communicative nature of favoritism, especially as participants recognize how attention and affection are communicated and resources are offered. The results of this study suggest that communication is constitutive of favoritism, and further studies should consider communication's centrality in familial favoritism.


THE INFLUENCE OF GENDER ON FINANCIAL DECISIONS: EVIDENCE FROM SMALL START-UP FIRMS IN SPAIN Carmen Maria Hernandez-Nicolas, Juan Francisco Martín-Ugedo, Antonio Mínguez-Vera The presence of women in management positions in companies is one of the topics that have generated the most interest and controversy over recent years. This has also been the case in Spain, where several legal initiatives have promoted the presence of women on decision-making bodies of companies. These important and pioneering legislative initiatives focus on the recommendation of positive discrimination in favour of women in large fi rms. This measure is justifi ed not only for reasons of ethics or social justice, but also for the purposes of effi ciency and rational economic behaviour. These laws have created an open debate in Spain and in other countries where they have been enacted and they have attracted the attention of researchers. In this context, the majority of the studies have attempted to analyse the effect of gender diversity among top managers on corporate performance of listed fi rms. On the contrary, this paper analyses the infl uence of gender on some fi nancial decisions, using a sample of 12,376 Spanish small and micro start-up fi rms. Unlike previous papers, this manuscript examines not only the level of debt but also the cost and maturity of the debt. To control the endogeneity of the variables, a system of simultaneous equation with Three Stage Least Squares methodology is employed. The results show that companies run by women and boards with gender diversity tend to borrow less, have lower costs for debt and longer term debt, reinforcing the hypothesis that females are more risk averse. These results are robust for diverse measures of gender diversity (the presence of a woman as CEO, the percentage of female directors and Blau and Shannon diversity indexes).


Concern for the atmosphere environment has resulted in EC legislation limiting sulphur dioxide emissions. The emission limits are being met by the installation of flue gas desulphurisation and advanced coal combustion systems, which produce large quantities of waste for utilisation or disposal. There are now environmental, economic and regulatory reasons for industry to provide a comprehensive assessment of waste disposal/utilisation issues during the design stage of a project. This paper considers the management of wastes produced from the limestone/gypsum and spray dry FGD processes, and from advanced coal combustion equipment. The assessment shows that environmentally acceptable methods of disposal and utilisation can be identified for these wastes. It is expected that a substantial proportion of FGD gypsum will be utilised in the manufacture of plasterboard, bag plaster and cement. There may also be opportunities for utilisation of spray dry waste and waste from advanced coal combustion systems in structural and agricultural applications. Landfill would be an appropriate form of disposal for the wastes considered in this paper, but utilisation options offer environmentally superior alternatives to disposal justifying further research.


Search for your address in this new database and get an easy to understand indicator of the potential for flooding now and over the next several decades as climate change alters our environment.


e98 www.ccmjournal.org June 2013 • Volume 41 • Number 6 Timing Is Crucial When Considering Antiplatelet Therapy for Trauma To the Editor: In the very interesting study of the benefits of antiplatelet therapy (APT) in reducing trauma-related transfusionrelated lung injury, Harr et al (1) make a statement in their conclusions that a role may exist for these agents in treating lung injury in such patients. Although such an advance would be most welcome, unlike what this study has clearly shown care plan, or staffing structure during the study period. Second, in the absence of data about severity of illness for hospitalized patients, we assessed patients admitted to the ICU from the operating room and the emergency departments, as both areas were not served by RRT. We found no difference in Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II or mortality as indicated in the article (2), which makes the assumption of possible reduction in severity of illness of hospitalized patients very unlikely. Third, as shown in the run chart in Figure 2 in the article, the significant reduction of cardiopulmonary arrest coincided with the implementation of RRT. Fourth, the magnitude of change in cardiopulmonary arrests (relative risk, 0.68 [95% CI, 0.53– 0.86]) is difficult to explain based on a presumptive change in severity of illness in hospitalized patients. Such change in cardiopulmonary arrests would require a major change in hospital admission processes over a short period of time, which is a remote possibility in a large complex hospital. Fifth, some of the major findings, such as the three-fold increase in DNR orders for the ward patients, cannot plausibly be explained by reduction in severity of illness. Finally, the case-mix index is calculated based on the relative weights of the diagnosis-related groups (DRGs) originally introduced in the United States for use by hospitals for billing purposes. Due to the nature of our setting, DRGs are not recorded in our hospital; therefore, the case-mix index could not be obtained. Furthermore, the use of case mix based on DRGs in other countries has not been validated (3). The authors have disclosed that they do not have any potential conflicts of interest.


This review work tried to highlight and summarize the drawbacks and superiorities of three different heating methods commonly used for baking bread and cakes. These methods are infrared heating , microwave heating and infrared-microwave heating . The literature revealed that infrared heating method usually result in good quality food products, but the system performance is still underdeveloped to meet challenges of the current era. Whereas microwave heating method possesses superior system performance features but present many problems with the eating quality of the final food product . In order to improve both system performance and the food quality, researchers found that the infrared-microwave system is the best alternative. This system (halogen lamp-microwave) is a combination of the first two heating methods and at optimized conditions; the system can produce good quality food with better performance. Studies revealed that the good crust color formation and time saving are the superiorities, but the lower moisture content and lower specific volume are the drawbacks on using such system. The products were firmer as a result of the high moisture loss. Halogen lamp power, microwave power and baking time are found to be the major factors that affect the characteristics of the baked products. Based on the heating effects, it is possible to conclude that microwave heating is the dominant heating mechanism in halogen lamp–microwave combination system. However, this system was still be able to produce acceptable quality of baked products therefore researchers recommended IR-microwave for cake and bread baking.


1960-The Radio Corporation of America and General Motors are proud to present the future of transport: cars that can drive themselves! You've heard about them for years, but now they're nearly here. Using sophisticated magnetic sensors and radio control, these cars steer autonomously, following guidance wires embedded in the road. Meanwhile, feel free to read, chat with your companions, or get some work done. Major highway systems could be in place as early as 1975, so we can promise that this technology will be coming very, very soon to a road near you.


Customer segmentation was mainly applied in the government and the enterprise customers in telecom industry,and few family customers were involved in.However,the family customer market was always the basis of the telecom operators.With the K-means clustering algorithms of data mining, this paper builds a customer segmentation model to achieve its application in the family customers,and establishes the foundation to further find the demands of family information service and carry out refined marketing strategy.


The study of political leadership appears to be "an emerging field" of political science in the United States after a long period of neglect.1 Only a decade or so ago, comparative studies of the subject by American authors could be served up on a half shelf in most college libraries, and undergraduate courses and texts gave it relatively scant attention. Today, in contrast, the interested student is confronted by a virtual embarrassment of riches; elite studies, psycho-biographies, and what have you provide a rich and variegated fare. The problem for the potential consumer is no longer product scarcity, but choice among an abundance of products bearing the same or similar labels.2 Whether such growth is all to the good and indicative of real progress in the field, or whether it represents, at best, no more than pouring various mixtures of old wine into new bottles with fancy designations is a matter of some dispute.


Objective To evaluate the efficacy of the arthroscopy in diagnosis and treatment of the femoral intercondylar notch impingement syndrome.Methods Sixty-seven cases with femoral intercondylar notch impingement syndrome were diagnosed by arthroscopy between Feb 2002 and Aug 2004.All patients suffered from osteoarthritis and treated with arthroscopic arthroplasty.Results Sixty-two patients were followed-up.Excellent and good results were seen in 48 cases(77 %).Conclusions Operative arthroscopy is an excellent choice for the femoral intercondylar notch impingement syndrome and it may produce less trauma and with quick healing and complete clearance and could be operate repeatedly.


This paper investigates factors influencing annual US unemployment rate, with a specific interest in its relationship with civil unrest. Using data from various government and public databases, we fit a multiple linear regression model with an Radj value of 0.7549. We found that aggregate stock market value, national debt, number of major incidents of civil unrest, and the interaction between three or more instances of civil unrest annually and percentage of news articles in US media covering protests were significant predictors of annual unemployment rate. We hypothesize that stock market value and national debt are strong predictors because low debt and high stock market value indicate a strong economy with high employment. Also, although more instances of civil unrest was individually associated with higher unemployment, possibly due to discontent stemming from the lack of jobs, increasing percentage of protest coverage was counterintuitively associated with a larger decrease in unemployment in years with three or more instances of civil unrest than in years with no instances of civil unrest. Further research could explore this finding or break down employment by demographics to examine how various protest motivations can impact groups differently. Background and Introduction: The Federal Reserve's primary mandate is to keep both inflation and unemployment rates low, where the unemployment rate is defined as the percentage of unemployed workers who are able and willing to work. The successful pursuit of this mandate results in consistent product prices and full employment, optimizing the economy. However, depending on the unemployment rate, the best approach could vary year to year and require different actions including changes to the interest rate, money supply, or buying/selling treasury bonds (Amadeo). Thus, we're interested in predicting annual unemployment rate through various predictors. We are particularly interested in how this decade's rise in civil unrest and protests have affected unemployment (Tharoor). By improving the forecasting of unemployment rates, the monetary policies implemented can be more impactful on the economy. This is especially important today, when recent protests and job losses due to the COVID-19 pandemic have created an economic crisis (Iacurci). Data and Exploratory Analysis: Data and Variables: Our original data set included 49 observations, each corresponding to a year between 1971 and 2019, inclusive, and 11 variables: annual unemployment rate, stock market index, GDP, debt, inflation, energy prices of oil, gas, and electric, election year, protest intensity, and incidents of civil unrest. Our response variable is the annual US unemployment rate, calculated by taking the average of the monthly unemployment rates measured by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. All variables with the exception of election year are quantitative. The stock market index predictor variable represents the total monetary value of US equity markets, as defined by the December market cap of the Wilshire 5000 Total Market Index, which combines the weighted performance of approximately 3500 publicly traded companies. The values in our data set are in billions of US dollars. The quarterly GDP in billions of chained 2012 dollars is from the Bureau of Economic Analysis. For our purposes, we recorded just the annual Q4 data. Our aggregate national debt variable is also measured in billions of US dollars and is taken from the US Treasury. The US inflation rate is measured in percentages and pulled from the Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. Energy prices are taken from the US Energy Information Administration. We recorded annual electricity, oil, and gas prices, in cents per kilowatt hour, dollars per barrel, and dollars per thousand cubic feet, respectively. Election year is the only categorical variable collected as such and is binary, with 1 indicating that the year was an election year and 0 indicating that it was not. We were particularly interested in the effect of civil unrest on unemployment. The two predictor variables we found with respect to this focus were civil unrest and protest intensity. The first was collected by counting the number of recorded major incidents of civil unrest per year found through a Wikipedia article listing incidents of major civil unrest in the US. The latter was pulled from the GDELT Project, which measured the percentage of articles in the US news of each year that covered protests. Protest intensity was the only variable with missing values between 1971 and 2019, with no data before 1979. Because we chose to include protest intensity in our final model, we omitted data from 1971 through 1978, and our final analysis was based on 41 sampling units instead of 49. Exploratory Data Analysis: Our initial unemployment vs. year plot shows that the marginal relationship between year and unemployment, indicated by the slope, differs a lot across business cycles. Thus we added an indicator variable splitting the data into "before 2009" and "after 2009", as shown in Figure 1 to the right. Here, both time intervals have a negative relationship with unemployment, indicating that in this period of 41 years, more recent years are associated with lower levels of unemployment. To study the relationship between civil unrest and unemployment rates, we plotted incidents by unemployment and found few years that saw 5 or more instances of civil unrest. As a result, we decided to make this predictor a categorical variable, with the categories being 0, 1-2, and 3 or more incidents of civil unrest, resulting in mostly uniform number of observations. This is plotted in the side-by-side boxplots in Figure 2 to the right. The spread of the distributions vary, and the centers of the distributions, marking the median unemployment rate associated with a each number of cases, first decrease then increase as the instances of civil unrest increase. Another variable that we used to study civil unrest was the intensity of protests. Initially, protest intensity didn't appear to have any relationship with the unemployment rate. However, in Figure 3 to the right, which groups by the three categories of civil unrest, we see much clearer relationships between protest intensity and unemployment. This indicates that an interaction variable between protest intensity and the number of instances of major civil unrest might be appropriate for explaining the variation in unemployment rates. With this interaction taken into account, it appears that when the number of cases of civil unrest in a year are between 0 and 2, higher protest intensity is associated with higher levels of unemployment, but when there are more than 3 cases of civil unrest in a year, higher protest intensity is associated with lower levels of unemployment. Model and Results: Analytic Methods A multiple linear regression was used to model annual US unemployment rate versus our various quantitative and categorical predictor variables. After examining relationships among the predictors, we decided against using each of the three energy prices as predictors, only keeping oil prices, as they were all heavily collinear with correlation coefficients above 0.8. The oil price variable was retained because it resulted in the highest Radj in the initial model. We fit our initial model using the remaining predictors as well as their interactions with incidents of civil unrest and the before/after 2009 indicator variable (Appendix A). This resulted in an initial Radj value of 0.71. Diagnostics indicated violations of normality and constant variance, which we addressed by applying a Box-Cox transformation of -2 on the response variable, Unemployment Rate (Appendix B). Stepwise selection and best subset selection were then used in an attempt to obtain a simpler model, but this proved to be more challenging than expected. The "best" models calculated by R all had ten or more variables in them, making interpretability a challenge and often including interactions between variables without the variables themselves being in the model. To work around this, we decided to take the best model from best subset selection (Appendix C) and manually perform nested F-tests. Our primary aim was to retain variables that would be informative, significant, and account for the most variance, while also maintaining interpretability and keeping the goal of the project in mind. Final Model and Results Our final model predicts Unemployment Rate using SMI, Debt, Protest Intensity, Instances of Civil Unrest, and the interaction between Protest Intensity  and Instances of Civil Unrest. At a significance level of ɑ = 0.05, every predictor is significant with the exception of Protest Intensity and the interaction between Protest Intensity and 1 or 2 instances of civil unrest. See Appendix D for the summary table. The model has an F-statistic of 18.6 with a p-value of 8.845e-10, indicating that the full model is effective as compared to the intercept-only model. The final Radj value is 0.7549, reflecting the number of predictors in the model and the amount of variability in Unemployment Rate -2 explained by the model. Our model diagnostics show no severe violations (see appendix F for details). However, there are minor issues that will be further discussed in the conclusion. The table in Appendix E displays 95% confidence intervals for the slopes of each predictor. Some unsurprising conclusions can be inferred here, such as increasing SMI being associated with increasing Unemployment Rate (decreasing regular unemployment rate), and increasing debt being associated with decreasing Unemployment Rate (increasing regular unemployment rate), holding other variables constant. However, an unexpected but interesting conclusion that can be inferred here is that an increase in protest intensity given there are three or more instances of major ci


and from the depressed, agricultural Deep South. Because these laborers were Anglo, and hence satisfied the white definition ofthe American Dream in California, businessmen and progressive reformers were willing to provide adequate housing and services for them in the local community. Small apartment dwellings with decent sanitary facilities were even erected for a small number of agricultural workers as models of employer patronage toward people of the correct ethnic background. This contrasted sharplywith the living conditions forced on Mexican migrant laborers, who had to live in tents and shanties built of cardboard and other trash on land not utilized for agricultural production, such as along roadsides and in drainage ditches. Such dreadful living conditions have been the reality of the American Dream for thousands of children whose families worked to feed North American consumers. Anglos in California insisted on defining ethnic Mexicans, whether immigrants or permanent American citizens, as migratory birds with no claims to permanent homes in the United States. A look at Argentine historiography reveals that Argentina's obligarchy at this same period time considered Italian immigrants to be golondrinns (swallows) and, like their fellow large landowners in California, passed laws to forcefully expel immigrant workers who tried to organize unions. The belief that ethnic Mexicans could not belong to the imagined community of virtuous white yeomanry served the Anglo business community well as it gradually replaced the nineteenth century Oriental laborforce with an early twentieth century Mexican migrant working class that could easily be expelled from local communities once harvest was past and that could be forced out ofthe country at minimal political cost during the Great Depression, when migrant laborwas lessin demand. This historical study might well serve as a warning to us now, as California's business community and middle class dream up new excuses to expunge the Mexican presence from California. While one strength of this study is its conciseness, some readers will wish there were more details and anecdotal examples. The charts are substantial, but the analysis could be strengthened by more concrete evidence. This history should serve to entice other researchers to further explore this fascinating subject. Meanwhile, Guerin-Gonzales' study is a must-read item for scholars, officials, and activists concerned with issues of immigration policies and the Mexican-American community, not only in California, but in America.


A new method for the control of tunnel-diode oscillators is proposed. Reliable starting and stopping of oscillators, by short pulses with unlimited repetition period, is obtained by placing the bias point near the valley of the tunnel-diode current/voltage characteristic.


Background: Human cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) activates procarcinogens, but the basis of their binding is unknown. Results: A 2.6 Å structure with the inhibitor α-naphthoflavone and docking simulations suggest key active site features. Conclusion: CYP1A1 has a planar active site that restricts ligand orientations. Significance: This provides a useful framework for understanding CYP1A1 interactions with a variety of substrates and inhibitors. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1 is an extrahepatic monooxygenase involved in the metabolism of endogenous substrates and drugs, as well as the activation of certain toxins and environmental pollutants. CYP1A1 is particularly well known for its ability to biotransform polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, such as benzo[a]pyrene in tobacco smoke, into carcinogens. CYP1A1 possesses functional similarities and differences with human CYP1A2 and CYP1B1 enzymes, but the structural basis for this has been unclear. We determined a 2.6 Å structure of human CYP1A1 with the inhibitor α-naphthoflavone. α-Naphthoflavone binds within an enclosed active site, with the planar benzochromen-4-one core packed flat against the I helix that composes one wall of the active site, and the 2-phenyl substituent oriented toward the catalytic heme iron. Comparisons with previously determined structures of the related cytochrome P450 1A2 and 1B1 enzymes reveal distinct features among the active sites that may underlie the functional variability of these enzymes. Finally, docking studies probed the ability of CYP1A structures to assist in understanding their known in vitro interactions with several typical substrates and inhibitors.


Software security testing is an important technique for discovering software vulnerabilities that violate security requirements. Existing security testing methods, however, seldom generate security tests directly from security requirements specifications. To address this issue, this paper presents an approach for constructing security test models from the artifacts of misuse case modeling (i.e., use/misuse cases and mitigation use cases), which is a popular method for security requirements specification in the software development process. The security test models can then be used to automatically generate security tests, which consist of test inputs (normal behaviors from use cases and attack actions from misuse cases) and test oracles from mitigation use cases. We have applied the approach to two case studies. One case study demonstrates that the proposed approach can build security test models in a structured fashion such that the generated security tests are as effective as reported in the literature. The second case study applies the proposed approach to an ongoing software development project. The security tests have revealed at least 24 vulnerabilities, and are very helpful for the development team to improve the security of the software implementation. This demonstrates that the proposed approach is effective in the software development process.


Geochronological studies on the crystalline bedrock from NE Poland – an overview and summary. A b s t r a c t. Since the mid-1950s, when Jerzy Znosko started his huge contribution to the recognition of the crystalline basement of NE Poland, many different studies have followed the planned and implemented drilling projects. The drillings, conducted in the first decade under the leadership of Professor Znosko and under his description of the results, were further worked out by other researchers. Studies concerned petrological, geochemical and mineralogical aspects. In that fan of methods applied, geochronological data started to be introduced to the bibliography of the area in the early 1960s. Geochronological methods that time mean mostly K-Ar and some Rb-Sr values. These materials are gathered in the paper aiming at its presentation, re-valuation and interpretation in terms of the significance of such data for further development of knowledge.


The main topic of the article is about the relativism of the scientific knowledge. The authos wants to defend the posibility of the
objective knowledge, without renouncig to the idea of a human perspective. In this way it faces up together the people who consider reality as the abandonnent of any human perspective. In this context, the escepticism is valuable, since it questions the appearances linked to a more subjective perspective and fosters of an objective perspective, based on the scientific knowledge.


This article presents a high-level overview of the IEEE 802.22 standard for cognitive wireless regional area networks (WRANs) that is under development in the IEEE 802 LAN/MAN Standards Committee.


TO THE EDITOR: Himmelstein and Phillips (1) acknowledge that the evidence against routine health checks is old and outdated. They also recognize that there may be other good reasons to continue having visits that are not based on the need for evaluation or treatment of a specific health condition. As a practicing primary care internist and a palliative medicine specialist, I see a great need for an ongoing series of visits with my patients to both follow up on their health and well-being but also facilitate an ongoing conversation about what is important to them. Some of these are explicit conversations triggered by events in my patients' liveseither their own illness or something that happened to a friend or family member. Some are more implicit. I get to know how patients handle health care decisions by working with them over time to try to make the many healthy changes that we physicians frequently recommend to our patients, both adherent and otherwise. I get to learn who values advice and who values evidence. I get to learn who cherishes ease, comfort, and simplicity and who prefers to struggle for independence, no matter how difficult or inconvenient. I get to learn who trusts their children and who has no one on whom they can depend. All of this takes time, and time is in short supply. In their analysis of more than 31000 primary care visits, Bruen and colleagues found that the average length of each visit was approximately 18 minutes (2). If we eliminate visits with no immediate problem on the agenda, where will we find the time for relationship-building? More and more time is devoted to gathering information for various value- or quality-based reporting programs. Where is the quality time for physicians and patients simply to get to know one another and develop the trusting partnership that is not only vital to helping patients cope with serious illness but necessary for encouraging adherence to potentially distasteful but beneficial measures like colon cancer screening? Physicians need time to talk to patients who don't need a flu shot, as well as those who may not need anything right now but will undoubtedly require a trusted adviser or confidant in the near or distant future. Trusting relationships develop over time through visits for both routine and urgent conditions. The periodic health examination itself may not be beneficial; however, by creating a structured time to consult a physician and talk about health care, it facilitates the development of the therapeutic relationship.


ABSTRACT Objective: to develop a playful-educational technology for learning Nursing Semiology and Semiotics, as well as to carry out the evaluation of its playability before and after implementing adjustments with undergraduate Nursing students. Method: a methodological study that followed the planning, prototyping and production stages corresponding to the first playable version for development. For the playability evaluation, 62 students were divided into two groups: one for to evaluate the preliminary version and the other for after implementing adjustments; and, for this, the Friedman test was used, which allows detecting differences between medians of more than two paired samples, considering p-value below 5% as statistical significance. Results: the game had three sequential phases: the first addressed vital signs; the second, biosafety measures; and the third, the physical examination. Referring to the playability evaluation, it was possible to observe that the "Concentration" and "Feedback" categories and the general median presented better evaluation scores after implementing adjustments. Conclusion: the current study sought to develop a technology that would allow students attending Bachelor's degree courses in Nursing to sharpen their knowledge in Nursing Semiology and Semiotics. In addition to that, it was sought to evaluate the playability of Semio em Jogo ®; thus, it was observed that the academic community considered the game satisfactory after the modifications as much as before implementing them.


The intellectual property moral is an important component of the social ideology in the intellectual property culture,and the construction of the intellectual property culture cannot be done without the research to the intellectual property moral.The connotation and the basic norms of the intellectual property moral as well as the basic countermeasures should be mastered in the construction of the intellectual property morale.The fact that the intellectual property moral comes from the intellectual property ethics and expands the intellectual property ethics can be known from the research of the connotation and the basic norms of the intellectual property moral from the relationships between the intellectual property moral and the intellectual property ethics as well as the intellectual property moral and the scientific moral.The intellectual property moral is different from the science moral and the science moral cannot be replaced by the intellectual property moral.The basic norms of the intellectual property moral includes " respecting knowledge,expecting expression,admiring innovation,integrity and observing the law".In the construction of the intellectual property moral in the contemporary China.The Chinese traditional culture needs to be reflected,the intellectual property education reeds to be strengthened,and the model role as well as the moral legalization" needs to be trained supervised and paid more attention to.


The utility model discloses an intelligent power quality analysis meter, which belongs to the electric network power quality detection field. The intelligent power quality analysis meter is composed of an analogue board, a core board, an interface board and a power supply module; wherein, a microporocessor module is arranged on a core module, and a power quality analysis soft wire at the inner part comprises a communication sending and receiving program, a printer driver program and a flash memory equipment driver program. The intelligent power quality analysis meter can perform data communication with a remote supervisory computer or equipment in a wired way or a wireless way, to realize the remote supervisory or the network grouping, and can also realize the on-line upgrading of the system software through wired connection or wireless connection; the intelligent power quality analysis meter can print specific shape information or report, to be convenient for analysis. The intelligent power quality analysis meter can be used as an electric power indicating instrument, an electric network harmonic wave analysis meter, a power quality analysis meter and power metering equipment to be flexibly applied to each electric power automation field, thereby the operation and the management are convenient, and the secure operation is ensured.


We consider a square random matrix of size $N$ of the form $P(Y,A)$ where $P$ is a noncommutative polynomial, $A$ is a tuple of deterministic matrices converging in $\ast$-distribution, when $N$ goes to infinity, towards a tuple $a$ in some $\mathcal{C}^*$-probability space and $Y$ is a tuple of independent matrices with i.i.d. centered entries with variance $1/N$. We investigate the eigenvalues of $P(Y,A)$ outside the spectrum of $P(c,a)$ where $c$ is a circular system which is free from $a$. We provide a sufficient condition to guarantee that these eigenvalues coincide asymptotically with those of $P(0,A)$.


The supporting point to reinforce Party-building work in state-owned enterprises under new situation is to make the most of the political core function,to improve the scientific level of Party-building work in state-owned enterprises and turn the political advantage into the advantage of the scientific development of companies.This paper analyzes the new problems that Party-building work is facing and puts forward suggestions such as further smoothing Party organization relation and exemplifying the political core function of state-owned enterprises and strengthening the construction of Party-building and perfecting the working mechanism of state-owned enterprises by summing up new ideas and practice of Party-building work in state-owned enterprises of Nantong.


Abstract. Meat market operators are required to comply with food safety laws. And state control should be risk-oriented and carried out at all stages of the production and circulation of meat products and risks should be identified. The content of toxic elements should be strictly regulated in foodstuffs to ensure the release of safe products to consumers as a result of monitoring the implementation of permanent GMP/GHP and HACCP-based procedures. The introduction of the HACCP system allows market operators to ensure compliance with technological requirements for the production of canned meat, packaging, packaging that affects their safety, ensure the production of safe products of good quality through systematic control at all stages of production and storage. It should be noted that during the production of canned meat, the composition of ingredients, packaging, packaging for the content of hazardous substances such as toxic elements must be monitored. To ensure the safety of beef meat cans, the hygienic requirements for their production and handling, as well as the technological instructions for the safety and quality of beef, auxiliary components and ingredients, must be adhered to. Due to the contamination of foodstuffs with toxic substances it is necessary to establish their biological value and suitability for use by consumers in order to prevent food poisoning . The pressing question now is regarding the assessment and correlation of the toxicity parameters of various hazardous substances for the Tetrahymena pyriformis biological test object. Studies have found that the content of toxic elements of Plumbum, Cadmium, Arsenic, Hydrargium, Kuprum, Zinc, Tin did not exceed the normative parameters in the samples of canned meat from beef producers number 1 - 6, and producers number 7 - 10 noted their excess. The highest content of toxic elements was observed in the following manufacturers: in No. 7 - the content of Plumbum 2.78 times ( Р < 0.001), Zinc - 2.44 times, Arsenic - 1.70 times ( Р < 0.001), Cadmium - in 1.60 times ( Р < 0.001), Kuprum - 1.23 times ( Р < 0.001); in No. 8 - Arsenic content - 4.0 times ( Р < 0.001), Hydrargium - 3.33 times ( Р < 0.001), Plumbum - 2.92 times (p < 0.001),), Zinc - 2 , 89 times ( Р < 0.001), Cadmium - 2.60 times ( Р < 0.001), Kuprum - 1.74 times ( Р < 0.001) ; compared to control indicators, and Tin - 1.02 times compared to regulatory metric ; in No. 9 - Cadmium 2.40 times ( Р < 0.001); in No. 10 - Zinc 2.86 times ( Р < 0.001) Plumbum - 2.24 times ( Р < 0.001), Arsenic - 2.20 times ( Р < 0.001), Kuprum - 1.21 times ( Р < 0.01) compared to controls, and Tin content 1.09 times the norm. Therefore, canned beef canned meat at Nos. 7 - 10 are not scrapped and are not released. When determining the biological value of beef canned meat using the Tetrahymena pyriformis test object, it was found that canned meat of beef producers 7 - 10 had the lowest relative biological value of 66.13 to 68.09 %, and also manufacturers No. 1 and No. 3, respectively, 78.69 and 78.38 %. Keywords : canned meat, beef, safety, toxic elements, biological value


Computer data links are evolving from copper cable systems to fiber optics simply because the optical fiber itself offers the advantages of higher data rates and longer distances. The Compact Disc (CD) laser is suitable as the light source because it satisfies the computer system requirements for low cost, high data rate, miniaturized package, and high reliability.


Problem statement: The power density of electronic devices has been increasing along with the rapid technology development. Cooling off electronic systems is essential in controlling the component temperature and avoiding any hot spot. The micro-devices are now extensively used in electronic application especially for cooling the computer chip. Approach: Micro-channel heat sinks are adopted in electronics cooling together with different technologies to enhance the heat transfer process. To improve the cooling process in heat sink, dimples are used because they are simple and cheap technologies. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the micro-channel heat sink with dimples. Results: The heat transfer enhancement in micro-channel heat sink using dimples is useful when the Reynolds number is greater than 125. Conclusion: The results of this study can help designing micro-channel heat sinks for electronics cooling by employing the concept of dimples.


As improved but often more environmentally-obtrusive technologies such as hydraulic fracturing facilitate the extraction of billions of dollars in natural resource wealth, more states are now faced with a welcome but exceedingly complex set of problems: Who should benefit from natural resources extracted from public lands? If the state retains much of this wealth in the form of tax receipts, how should these funds be spent? What do states owe to the communities from which these resources were extracted? What do states owe to future generations? While these are questions of first impression for a few, fortunate states, a number of states have been trying to address these issues for decades, and have enacted a variety of responses that have crucial implications for the states, their citizens, and their natural environments.


Simple Summary The follicle development (FD) of a goat is precisely regulated by various noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), especially by the regulatory mechanism of competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs). This study aimed to determine the expression patterns of messenger RNA (mRNA), long noncoding RNA, microRNA, and circular RNA during the FD of Dazhu black goats by whole-transcriptomic sequencing and analyze the regulatory mechanism of the ncRNA and ceRNA regulatory network. The results may lay a foundation for further research on FD and improving the reproductive performance of goats. Abstract The follicle development (FD) is an important factor determining litter size in animals. Recent studies have found that noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) play an important role in FD. In particular, the role of the regulatory mechanism of competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) that drive FD has attracted increasing attention. Therefore, this study explored the genetic basis of goat FD by obtaining the complete follicular transcriptome of Dazu black goats at different developmental stages. Results revealed that 128 messenger RNAs (mRNAs), 4 long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), 49 microRNAs (miRNAs), and 290 circular RNAs (circRNAs) were significantly differentially expressed (DE) between large and small follicles. Moreover, DEmRNAs were enriched in many signaling pathways related to FD, as well as GO terms related to molecular binding and enzyme activity. Based on the analysis of the ceRNA network (CRN), 34 nodes (1 DElncRNAs, 10 DEcircRNAs, 14 DEmiRNAs, and 9 DEmRNAs) and 35 interactions (17 DEcircRNAs–DEmRNAs, 2 DElncRNAs–DEmiRNAs, and 16 DEmRNA–DEmiRNAs) implied that the CRN could be involved in the FD of goats. In conclusion, we described gene regulation by DERNAs and lncRNA/circRNA–miRNA–mRNA CRNs in the FD of goats. This study provided insights into the genetic basis of FD in precise transcriptional regulation.


The paper presents a method to realize an on-line parameter tuning in real time control system.Based on this external mode,the control system is divided to two part,algrithm control and parameter tuning of the control system,based on the communication principle of server/client,sending the parameter setting as the request of client to the real-time running controller which plays the role as the server,so on-line parameter tuning in the real time control system is realized.


The intraperitoneal use of L-Arginine in a model of rat skin Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury using island- and pedicle-flaps, protects against flap neutrophil accumulation and flap tissue loss. Negation of such an effect by the use of the Nitric Oxide (NO) synthase blocker L-NAME (Νω-Nitro-L-Arginine-methylester) suggests this effect is NO mediated.


The genus Paecilomyces is known for its potential application in the control of pests and diseases; however, its use in agriculture is limited to few species. Research interest in new formulations based on microorganisms for the control of pathogens is growing exponentially; therefore, it is necessary to study new isolates, which may help control diseases effectively, and to examine their compatibility with established agricultural control methods. We analysed in vitro and in vivo the antagonistic capacity of Paecilomyces variotii against seven phytopathogens with a high incidence in different crops, and we examined its compatibility with 24 commercial fungicides. P. variotii was applied in the following pathosystems: B. cinereal—melon, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum—pepper, R. solani—tomato, F. solani—zucchini, P. aphanidermatum—melon, M. melonis—melon, and P. xanthii—zucchini. The results showed strong control effects on M. melonis and P. xanthii, reducing the disease severity index by 78% and 76%, respectively. The reduction in disease severity in the other pathosystems ranged from 29% to 44%. However, application of metabolites alone did not cause any significant effect on mycelial growth of phytopathogens, apart from F. solani, in which up to 12% inhibition was observed in vitro when the extract was applied at a concentration of 15% in the medium. P. variotii was compatible with most of the tested fungicides, and of the 24 fungicides tested at the maximum authorised dose, 6 acted as fungicides, 4 as fungistatics, and the remaining showed inhibition rates ranging from 18.2% to 95.8%. These results indicate that P. variotii is a potential biological control agent to be used against several aerial and soil diseases, thus it should be integrated into modern pest management strategies.


Stochastic weather generator is developed to simulate synthetic time-series of daily precipitation totals, minimal and maximal temperatures. At the first step daily precipitation model is developed consisting of two components to describe the occurrence and intensity series, respectively. Binary logistic autoregression is used to fit the occurrence data, and the intensity series is fitted by gamma autoregressive model, conditional on atmospheric derivatives. At the second step the minimal and maximal daily temperatures are fitted to historical data by autoregressive models conditionally on precipitation occurrence and atmospheric derivatives. The daily time series from Kneja and Sadovo stations in Bulgaria are analyzed. Standard software for generalized linear models is used to perform the computations. Some potential difficulties are outlined. PACS codes: 92.60.-e, 02.50.Ga


Activated floccules sludge and anaerobic granular sludge were used as seeding material to culture aerobic granular sludge.Appearance,diameter,settlement ability,MLVSS reproduction rate of granular were analyzed.Results indicated that outer figure of both kinds of aerobic granular sludge was sphere or ellipse,and filar bacteria structured the frame,with coccus and bacillus stocking in,and with protozoan and metazoans adhered to the outside.Structure of aerobic granular sludge cultured by anaerobic granular sludge was more inerratic and compacted than that cultured by activated floccules sludge.Average diameters of aerobic granular sludge cultured by activated floccules sludge and anaerobic granular sludge were 1.3mm and 1.5mm respectively,which were very close,but smaller than that of anaerobic granular sludge.SVI of the both kinds of aerobic granule sludge was less than 75mL/g,and settlement velocity was 25~89m/h,showing better settlement ability.MLVSS reproduction rate of two kinds of seeding sludge appeared a negative value and then rose to positive gradually,at last maintained stable.


The Fermi gas model, while providing a reasonable qualitative description of the continuum nuclear response, does not include the effects of dynamical nucleon-nucleon correlations in the initial and final states, that have long been recognized to play a critical role in specific kinematical regions. We review a many-body approach in which these effects are consistently taken into account and discuss the results of a calculation of the quasielastic neutrino-oxygen cross section as an illustrative example.


PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of air-suction slots geometry on the condensing zone of pneumatic compact spinning.Design/methodology/approachThis paper investigated the condensing zone of pneumatic compact spinning with perforated drum for different structures of air-inlet slot geometry with computational fluid dynamics. For this purpose, three air-suction guides with different air-slots were designed. To create the condensing zone for the numerical simulation, a suction insert and the perforated drum were also designed. Flow velocity components on the X, Y, and Z axes, static pressure distribution and the streamline diagram were used for comparative analysis. Designed air-suction guides were produced with a 3D printer and used for yarn production.FindingsNumerical simulation results showed that condensing effects were provided for all three types of air-suction guides and approaching air-slots on the suction guides resulted in greater flow components but may cause fluctuations. Experimental results also showed that actual flow velocity components (Z-axis) are effective on hairiness (H) properties of the yarn while assisting flow-velocity components are more effective on the evenness and tenacity properties of the yarn.Originality/valueThis paper presents the numerical flow field simulation of compact spinning for different structures of air-suction guides with detailed measurements. To know the effects of air-suction guides on the condensing zone may be helpful to improve yarn properties. In addition, a 3D printer was used for the production of designed parts.


IHE Legends of the Province House (1838-1839) are among Hawthorne's most neglected and misunderstood tales: there has been only one study of the Legends as a group of related stories' and most American literature anthologies and even some collections of Hawthorne's writings, such as Malcolm Cowley's Viking Portable Hawthorne, contain none of the Legends.2 Moreover, those editors and critics who notice them generally limit themselves to only one or two of the four Legends and ignore the fact that the stories are set in a frame and related to one another. This neglect is unfortunate, for the Legends of the Province House occupy an unusual position in Hawthorne's canon: outside of his stories for children, they are his only successful use of the framing tale device and they are the only fiction (excluding the unfinished Septimius Felton) in which he deals with the American Revolution-indeed, they are among the first works of fiction treating the Revolution.3 That Hawthorne conceived of and published the Legends as a group within a frame is in itself noteworthy. Nelson F. Adkins, who has studied Hawthorne's early attempts to use a frame, concludes that Hawthorne put aside his plan to publish related stories in a volume to be entitled The Story Teller because he did not


This Article assesses the freedom of expression in Russia and prospects for its future: what has the Russian state promised its citizens, in what legal forms have those promises been made, and how well are those paper promises being kept in practice? The Article considers recent state actions and statutes enacted to regulate speech, association, and other forms of expression, and determines that these are possible because of the very weak separation of powers in the Russian Federation. The Article concludes by looking at the European Convention on Human Rights as one hope for a power capable of exerting influence on Russian practices, although it exists outside of Russia. Judgments of the European Court of Human Rights established under the Convention present a roadmap for future reform according to standards that Russia has already agreed to accept. * Associate Professor of Law, Southern Methodist University Dedman School of Law. This contribution is based on remarks prepared in anticipation for this panel. Although their revision was aided by a transcript provided by the organizers, it is not a verbatim record of remarks delivered on February 15, 2013. References to Russian law (and to proposed bills and amendments) are accurate as of that date. I thank the outstanding UCLA Law students with whom I have worked to participate in this symposium and complete this Article: Sandeep Prasanna, Elizabeth Shirey, and Tanya Sukhija. I also thank my fellow panelists, Robert Ahdieh and Anna Sevortian, and the moderator for our panel, Richard Anderson.


The International Classification for Nursing Practice (ICNP®) is defined as a classification of nursing phenomena, nursing actions, and nursing outcomes that describes nursing practice (ICN, 2001). Although the International Classification for Nursing Practice (ICNP®) has been a project of the International Council of Nurses (ICN) since 1990, it was only in 2000 that a formal ICNP® Programme was established. The vision of the ICNP® Programme is to have nursing data readily available and used in health care information systems worldwide. To achieve this vision, the Programme objectives and activities were organized around three clusters: (a) communication and dissemination, (b) research and development, and (c) coordination and programme management. Examples of programme activities are described, as well as the need for ongoing organizational support and strategic planning to advance the ICNP® and meet the vision of the ICNP® Programme.


New technologies made possible by this sequence data, such as DNA microarrays, in combination with the small size and ease of genetic manipulation of bacteria, now make it possible to identify the complete genetic regulatory circuitry that controls the bacterial cell. Analysis of the global gene expression profile of the bacterial cell during its cell cycle, under conditions of environmental challenge, and during pathogen invasion of host organisms will provide an unprecedented understanding of the bacterial cell as an integrated system. This chapter addresses the use of microarrays for study of a wide range of microbiological problems with emphasis on the profoundly different results that this genome-wide technique provides relative to the analysis of single genes and conventional forward genetics. By assaying the response of all genes to a given genetic or environmental perturbation in parallel and simultaneously, the microarray results identify whole pathways or subroutines of the organism's genetic regulatory circuitry. The immobilized arrays, or spots, of DNA are typically the products of PCR that generate amplicons ranging from a few hundred base pairs to several kilobases in length. Application of microarray-based genomic analysis to study the cell cycle of Caulobacter crescentus, has recently led to a dramatic increase in one's understanding of regulation of the bacterial cell cycle. Although microarrays were initially developed to analyze RNA levels, they can also be used to examine DNA samples.


Motivation and cognitive control are integral to adaptive goal-directed behavior. Prior research has shown how cognitive control allocation can be influenced by both positive (e.g., monetary bonuses) and negative incentives (e.g., monetary losses). However, it remains unclear to what extent decisions to allocate effort in cognitively demanding tasks are driven by the magnitude and valence of these incentives (e.g., reward vs. penalty), or if they are general or specific across different motivational contexts , i.e., whether a given incentive promotes action ( reinforcement ) or caution ( punishment ). Here, we use a combination of modeling and experimentation to characterize dissociable influences of incentives on control allocation across these distinct motivational contexts. We had participants perform a novel incentivized cognitive control task, which reinforced correct responses and penalized errors. Critically, in addition to varying reward motivation for accurate performance, we varied aversive motivation in two ways; by threatening monetary loss for either failing to perform well (negative reinforcement) or for performing poorly (punishment). Using a reward-rate-optimal model of control allocation, we generated predictions for how reinforcement and punishment should differentially influence control adjustments, such that higher levels of reinforcement should increase drift rate and decrease threshold, and higher levels of punishment should primarily increase threshold. We validated these predictions experimentally, demonstrat-ing that normative patterns of control adjustment are found for varying levels of reinforcement independent of valence, and that these patterns are distinct from those predicted and observed for varying levels of punishment. By combining theoretical and empirical approaches to delineate the motivational context of incentives, this work provides novel insights into the multi-faceted and multivariate influences of motivation on cognitive control.


Because limited information is available regarding preferences for nocturnal habitat during winter, we studied use of nocturnal habitats by American woodcock (Scolopax minor) wintering in the Georgia Piedmont (1994-95). During the evening crepuscular period, woodcock on the wintering grounds move from forested to field habitats, presumably to feed, conduct courtship displays, roost, and avoid predators. We conducted crepuscular flight surveys and tracked radiomarked woodcock to compare the use of fields of different sizes ( 40.0 ha) and types (seed tree-clearcuts, fallow-old fields, hayfields, pastures). Fields ≥5.5 ha were used more frequently than fields <5.5 ha (P < 0.001). Seed tree-clearcuts and fallow-old fields were more frequently used than pastures (P = 0.003). Woodcock also most frequently used fields with greater foliage volume at 0.8-2.0 m in height and a high percentage of bare soil (P < 0.001). Nocturnal use of fields or forests by radiomarked woodcock did not differ among age or sex classes. However, females moved an average of 230 ± 32.1 m (x ± SE) between diurnal and nocturnal locations, while males moved 525 ± 53.1 m (P = 0.085). Movements differed among moon phases (P < 0.003), ranging from 579 ± 79.6 m during the new moon to 213 + 50.5 m during the full moon. To manage habitat on the wintering grounds, seed tree-clearcuts and fallow-old fields should be created or maintained near preferred diurnal habitats.


This article is the result of library research. This study aims to: track the shafi'iyah school of thought in determining the legal status of pregnant women marriage. This article discusses the reasoning or way of thinking of the Shafi'iyah school in determining the legal status of a pregnant woman's marriage and the status of the child she gives birth to. The claim of this research is that the approach taken by the syafi'iyah school in determining the legal status of pregnant women's marriages uses a textual approach. The source of the law used is the Hadith of the Prophet Muhammad which stipulates that a wife who is still in her husband's marriage contract, every child born to her, even though it is the result of adultery, is considered by law to be her husband's child. The results of this study conclude that a child born before a legal marriage, is considered an adulterous child, cannot be attributed to a father, and each of them cannot be an heir and neither can inherit. If the marriage is carried out to cover the disgrace, if it is carried out before six months of gestation, the status of the baby is considered a legal child according to Islamic law.


The impact of gynecological operations on the rate of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and erythrocytic antioxidant defense (EAOD) was studied in women with uterine myoma. The higher rate of LPO and the decreased level of vitamin E were preoperatively found. A further increase in LPO activity and a reduction in vitamin E concentrations were observed 1-4 days after surgery. Recovery of the study parameters was seen on days 5-7 postoperatively. The enzyme glutathione-S-transferase was ascertained to play a pivotal role in the EAOD system.


Late Roman authors give us many examples of how firmly images of slavery were anchored in the minds of contemporaries, and how these images were incorporated into literary tradition and political discourse. Images from the world of slavery could be used in a great variety of ways: to criticize an emperor's behavior, to illustrate his loss of authority, or to characterize the relationship between two emperors. The book will show how the presentation and perception of Late Roman emperors, such as Diocletian and his co-emperors, were influenced by narratives from the world of slavery. These narratives form part of a power discourse, a discourse on power relations. Or to speak with Hayden White, "And this raises the suspicion that narrative in general, from the folktale to the novel, from the annals to the fully realized ʻhistory', has to do with the topics of law, legality, legitimacy, or, more generally, authority".


Selective alkylation of dyphylline (1) with (2-acetoxyethoxy)methyl bromide (2a) or 4-acetoxybutyl bromide (2b) afforded 3′-O-[(acetoxyethoxy)methyl]dyphylline (3a) and 3′-O-(4-acetoxybutyl)-dyphylline (3b), respectively. A trans esterification process rather than alkylation of the dihydroxy-propyl side chain in 1 had taken place during the reaction with 2-p-toluoyloxy)ethyl chloride (5) to afford the respective 3′-toluoyloxy derivative 7 and not the anticipated 3′-O-[(p-toluoyloxy)ethyl]-dyphylline (6). Deacylation of 3a,b and 7 afforded 4a,b and 1, respectively. Viral screening of selected compounds against HBV has been investigated.


ABSTRACT An optically read-out glass gas electron multiplier (G-GEM) detector is expected to simplify complicated quality assurance measurements for hadron therapies by imaging the dose distribution of the incident beam. However, the effect of secondary particles from the detector itself has not been well studied. In this paper, we evaluate a design that reduces the secondary particles from the cathode of a G-GEM detector. Specifically, we assembled detectors with thin cathodes and assessed their effect on the secondary particle production in simulations and experiments. The experiments were carried out under 290 MeV/u 12C ion bombardment at the Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba. The clinical intensity of the thin cathode detector was compared with that of a conventional thick cathode G-GEM detector. The improved chamber design reduced the dose contributions of secondary particles from the cathode without degrading the dose imaging performance.


The invention discloses a manufacturing process of an ultra-pure alloy cold wire-drawing material. The manufacturing process comprises the following steps of: thermally treating an ultra-pure alloy wire rod in a well-type thermal treatment furnace and quenching, gently drawing the quenched wire rod through a cold drawing machine to loosen the oxide skin, and then performing acid pickling, coating and drying; manufacturing a semi-finished alloy wire through the cold-drawing machine, performing the secondary thermal treatment of the three-section temperature zone in a 10m continuous gas protection thermal treatment furnace, and quenching; coating and drying, manufacturing the semi-finished as the alloy wire through the cold drawing machine, and finally grinding the ultra-pure alloy welding wire with a diameter of phi 2.4mm through a centreless grinding machine. The 40Cr25Ni35W2Nb2MnSi heat-resisting alloy welding wire with the diameter of phi 2.4mm and Cr16Mo16W4Fe6Ni corrosion-resisting welding wire with the diameter of phi 2.4mm are successfully produced according to the manufacturing process provided by the invention. The welding wire meets the YB/T5263-1993 and GB/T342-1997, and the accumulated welding line is 100m.


Ship financing plays an important role for the development of shipping business,but the shipping industry is not always the darling of investors or bankers,so they still financed by loan to achieve the purpose mainly.The shipping industry is capital intensive industry,when they face the growing demand for funds,then they need a more effective financing model,finance lease as a new way of financing,just to meet this demand,especially small and medium shipping companies.However,because financial leasing in China start late,there have not form a better business environment.


This study measured the goniochromatic properties of human tooth dentin through the viewing angle dependent color change measurement, and determined the influence of the microscopic structural nonuniformity of dentin surface on the gonioappearance. Color of 21 polished dentin specimens was measured by a spectroradiometer in wet and dry conditions. Spectral reflectance values were obtained with 0, 20, 45, and 70° aspecular viewing angles to the surface. These values were converted to CIE color coordinates (CIE L*, a*, and b*) relative to the specular set (0°) standard white tile to determine general goniochromatic effect, and to the same aspecular set standard white tiles to determine the influence of nonuniformity on dentin surface caused by dentinal tubules. Color coordinates and chroma were influenced by the viewing angle (P < 0.05). As to the influence of nonuniformity, CIE L* and a* and chroma were influenced by the viewing angle while CIE b* was not (P = 0.05). Goniochromatic effect of human dentin was confirmed instrumentally, and the nonuniformity of dentin increased goniochromatic effect. Based on these results, goniochromatic properties of intact teeth should be studied further, and restorative materials that can simulate these properties should be developed. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 2012


Power system has developed significantly because of the increasing share of renewable energy sources (RESs). Despite the advantages, they also bring inevitable challenges to power system stability. Hydrogen energy plays an indispensable role in the process of energy transformation. This paper presents fast power flow calculation method for integrated energy network which contains PV, wind farm and hydrogen storage system. Energy hub model is developed to analyze the interaction between the power system and hydrogen system in steady-state operation. The mathematical model includes power grid, hydrogen network, PV and wind generation, hydrogen storage system, energy hub and power loss. Gauss-Seidel iterate method and Newton-Raphson method are applied to calculate the power flow calculation model of integrated energy system. Finally, a calculation example is used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model and calculation algorithm.


Released technique the invention provides a kind of floating bed hydrogenation, including floating bed hydrogenation reactor, release pipeline, cooling separation, flare system and feedstock oil freshening system, when the temperature moment of floating bed hydrogenation reactor being increased beyond well-defined reaction temp, the inlet valve closed on feeding line, unlatching is released valve group, liquid-solid phase material in floating bed hydrogenation reactor is passed through into bottom discharge into cooling separation, the gaseous phase materials that refrigerated separation is obtained are emitted into flare system, liquid-solid phase discharge of materials is to feedstock oil freshening system, realize the emergency discharge of the floating bed hydrogenation reactor;By the liquid phase in floating bed hydrogenation reactor of quickly being released in advance in emergency discharge and catalyst solid come the generation of terminating reaction, avoid the thermal runaway of floating bed hydrogenation reactor, so that the temperature in reactor is effectively controlled, security improves, and reactor pressure is stable in high pressure conditions, from the frequent voltage raising and reducing of equipment, energy consumption and cost are reduced.


This chapter describes the difficulties of developing an intelligent autonomous car that can drive itself through the current traffic environment. Such systems will not appear for a long time although they may be introduced sooner if the traffic environment is greatly constrained. More viable for the medium term are semi-autonomous systems where the driver maintains responsibility for the overall control of the car. Examples of this type of system are autonomous intelligent cruise control, lane support and collision warning. For each of these examples, the benefits and the likely technologies are described and results shown from demonstrators under development at Lucas.


While most of the work on resource scheduling in Grid computing has focused on optimal make span of the whole systems, our work addresses this problem from the resource consumer's point of view by providing multi QoS constraints and related methods. An algorithm of resource evaluation and selection, RESA, is presented, applying multiple attribute decision making (MADM) and hierarchical analysis methods. It has a hierarchical and scalable QoS model. And the optimal result is more objective because of combining prediction and preference information.


Recent 3D technologies allow viewers to perceive disparities in the depths of visual objects and to thus experience more realistic visual information. As for 3D auditory display, however, conventional loudspeaker layouts have not managed to manipulate perceived auditory depth in a sufficiently convincing way. Previously, we proposed a new method that utilizes a prototype electrostatic loudspeaker that is located above the listening position and generates auditory images similar to those of headphones. Using this phenomenon and amplitude-based panning, we were able to move auditory images along the line connecting the front loudspeaker and the listening position. In this study, we investigated physical factors that were idiosyncratic in electrostatic loudspeaker reproduction and that caused listeners to perceive sounds as being nearby. We both measured and simulated the loudspeaker-to-ear transfer functions using various types of loudspeakers at multiple locations, and extracted several physical parameters...


This paper examines the relationship between ideas of Universal Grammar (UG) and second language (L2) teaching and learning in medieval Europe, so as to bring light from the past to bear on 20th-century debate about the role of UG in L2 acquisition. Because the language used in the Middle Ages to speculate about UG was an L2 and because philosophers of language appropriated a metalanguage from L2 literature, there was commerce between the activities of L2 teaching and learning and attempts to define UG. Influence also flowed from work addressing the nature of language into L2 pedagogy. In the 20th century, much L2 research has adopted the tools and goals of generative linguistics, but few of the fruits of such work have been incorporated back into linguistic theory. Thus the different contexts of the medieval and modern eras have shaped in different ways how UG has been investigated and how L2s have been studied.


Novel nucleoside analogues containing photoswitchable moieties were prepared using 'click' cycloaddition reactions between 5′-azido-5′-deoxythymidine and mono- or bis-N-propargylamide-substituted azobenzenes. In solution, high to quantitative yields were achieved using 5 mol% Cu(I) in the presence of a stabilizing ligand. 'Click' reactions using the monopropargylamides were also effected in the absence of added cuprous salts by the application of liquid assisted grinding (LAG) in metallic copper reaction vials. Specifically, high speed vibration ball milling (HSVBM) using a 3/32″ (2.38 mm) diameter copper ball (62 mg) at 60 Hz overnight in the presence of ethyl acetate lead to complete consumption of the 5′-azido nucleoside with clean conversion to the corresponding 1,3-triazole.


Ionomers are polymers with bonded ionic species that are used under conditions where the salt groups are in a condensed state. This Feature Article discusses the state of our understanding of ionomers and the historical applications of these nanostructured polymers. It also discusses modern methods for synthesizing new ionomers and describes a number of relatively new applications for ionomers and the potential use of these materials in contemporary technologies, including, shape memory and self-healing materials and supramolecular polymer systems.


An analysis of the Gibbs conditions of stable thermodynamic equilibrium, based on the constrained minimization of the four fundamental thermodynamic potentials, is presented with a particular attention given to the previously unexplored connections between the secondorder variations of thermodynamic potentials. These connections are used to establish the convexity properties of all potentials in relation to each other, which systematically deliver thermodynamic relationships between the speciflc heats, and the isentropic and isothermal bulk moduli and compressibilities. The comparison with the classical derivation


The stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of sensitized Type 304 stainless steel in thiosulfate solutions has been studied using constant extension rate tests. Very low concentrations of about 6.10/sup -7/M Na/sub 2/S/sub 2/O/sub 3/ (0.1ppm) gave cracking. With boric acid added, higher concentrations (1ppm) were required. The SCC was shown to be electrochemically controlled. Below -0.5v/sub SCE/ (-0.75/sub SHE/) no SCC took place; above this potential the rate of SCC increased with potential. An induction period was required before SCC continued above -0.5v if the potential was held at or below this value for extended times. This period was associated with the build up of an aggressive solution of thiosulfate decomposition products within the crack. The cracking process has been considered to be controlled by rupture of a salt layer and not a passivating oxide.


The working principle of a double-blackbody measurement unit for parameters of infrared cameras is introduced.The unit employs double-blackbody and a set of reflective infrared targets as thermo-emitting sources,which makes it easy to control the temperature and temperature difference,therefore measurement reproducibility is guaranteed.The apparatus can be used for the periodic calibration of collimated irradiation of temperature difference,and to measure the parameters of infrared cameras in controllable and steadily way.A mathematic model for testing and evaluating signal transform function (SiTF) of infrared cameras was established,all the factors affecting the apparatus constant were listed in this model.Experiments were conducted to observe the effect of apparatus constants on SiTF measurement.The experiments show that the apparatus constants greatly affect SiTF measurement,temporal NETD measurement,spatial NETD measurement and 3D noise.


The article wields standard analysis law,studies specifically for our country listed company choice to accoun-tant policy is in progress.Frist the boundary carrying out a concept with accountant policy stablely to the company,anal-yse a company then governing the effect that policy chooses to a listed company accountant,suggest that policy chooses by the fact that the company governs foak,to urge a listed com-pany to carry out an accountant rationally.


Title: Highly Able Students in Physical Education: The learning experiences of a group of highly able PE students at the end of compulsory schooling Author: David Jenkins Examinations study: 15 hp Program: LAU 925:2 Level: Grundnivå Term: Spring 2010 Supervisor: Karin Grahn Examinator: Biörn Hasselgren Report nr: VT10-2611-12 U/V


Traditional fault tree analysis is an effective tool used to evaluate system risk if the required data are sufficient. Unfortunately, the operation and maintenance data of some complex systems are difficult to obtain due to economic or technical reasons. The solution is to invite experts to evaluate some critical aspect of the performance of the system. In this study, the belief degrees of the occurrence of basic events evaluated by experts are measured by an uncertain measure. Then, a system risk assessment method based on an uncertain fault tree is proposed, based on which two general optimization models are established. Furthermore, the genetic algorithm (GA) and the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) are applied to solve the two optimization models, separately. In addition, the proposed risk assessment method is applied for the leakage risk evaluation of a subsea production system, and the two general optimization models are used to optimize the leakage risk and maintenance cost of the subsea production system. The optimization results provide a theoretical basis for practitioners to guarantee the safety of subsea production system.