The fatigue properties and the mechanical perform- ance of AZ31B magnesium alloy with 8 mm thickness and its welded joint by TIG welding are studied.The results showed that the tensile strength of the base metal is 245.50 MPa and that of the butt joint,longitudinal fillet joint and transverse crossed joint arc 193.55 MPa,229.89 MPa and 227.39 MPa, respectively.The fatigue properties of AZ3 IB Magnesium alloy are evaluated,when the coefficient of stress cycle is zero.Un- der the condition of 2×10~6 cycles,the fatigue strength of the base metal is 57.81 MPa and that of the three types of joints are 24.60 MPa,20.14 MPa and 17.25 MPa in turn.It is about 42.6%,34.8% and 29.8% of that of the base metal,respectively. According to the standard ofⅡW,the FAT of the welded joint of magnesium alloy is about half of that of the aluminum alloy. So the fatigue properties are one of the key factors that ob- structs the application of magnesium alloy for the structure suffered from the dynamic load.


Human Knows about space technology development since 1950s era during that time U.S. and Soviet Union were main actors in "Space race" war.� Space technology development of U.S. and Soviet Union in proxy war era were emphasized to develop for competition of political ideology and power of military. At the present time the purpose of space technology development different from the past, many countries that try to develop space technology for economic benefit, technology benefit, communication benefit or hidden connotation others. South Korea was the one that have potential and interesting to develop space technology because of the conflict with North Korea. Although, South Korea have potential of technology to develop own space technology but actor of South Korea in international level is only middle power state so, the co-operation is better way for South Korea space development.��


A great man's entrustment and a book's publishment uncovered the veil of the seed of capitalism in China. The book isDevelopment History of Capitalism in China. This book has Chinese style and imposing Chinese manner, from materials colection tocompilation and to its publishment, the process is a great systematic project, is a extensive, multi - leve and successful cooperation inthe social sciences circle of China, Xu Dixin is the organizer, director and general planner of this cooperation. Development History ofCapitalism in China is a heavy cornerstone, it laid foundation of economic history for making political economics Chinese.


The rising incidence rates of skin cancer (SC) lead to an enormous burden on healthcare systems. General practitioners (GPs) might play an important part in SC care, but research has shown poor clinical recognition of SC, leading to a high rate of potentially unnecessary referrals.


This complex and intriguing book compares the histories of the Jewish clothing trades in London and the USA. Research focuses on the 1840s to 1880s, before the mass immigration of Eastern European ...


Abstract : The objective of the Micro Air Vehicle (MAV) Advanced Concept Technology Demonstration (ACTD) is to demonstrate an affordable, responsive, easy-to-operate, backpackable reconnaissance and surveillance system. The MAV system provides the small unit with militarily useful real-time combat information about difficult-to-observe or distant areas and objects in urban and complex terrain. The paper will review the MAV program, outline several of the ongoing studies of other military applications of MAV, and provide a description of the ongoing Military Utility Assessment (MUA) being conducted by the U.S. Army.


Aimed at information sharing between the network supervise system of Customs and ERP system of manufactors, it researchs the integration between two systems. As an example, it exploites integration connector of two systems, classifies connector to three parts: merger data module, customs declarations module and network checking module. It discusses the realization of every module, realizes connecting of two systems.


The purpose of this paper is to examine an apex institution of microfinance operating according to Sharia-compliant practices and its performance. After giving the background of the microfinance crisis, we provide evidence of the need for a more responsible microfinance industry. Thereafter, we examine the state of Islamic microfinance around the world and in the Arab world and focus on two existing apex institutions for microfinance: a conventional one – Social Fund for Development (SFD) in Yemen and an Islamic one – Sudan Microfinance Development Facility (SMDF). We conduct a comparison based on outreach to final beneficiaries and total outstanding loan portfolio. The outcome of our assessment, restricted to limited data, shows that SMDF performs better than SFD suggesting that Islamic microfinance apex institutions have potentially a greater impact. We conclude by saying that Islamic finance industry practitioners should make efforts towards developing the microfinance space, as microfinance clients, as they become bankable, will form the basis of loyal depositors to mainstream Islamic financial institutions. Keywords: Microfinance, Islamic microfinance, responsible finance, apex funds


Background: Styrene (ST) has been used for plastic and resin production. It was reported to induce injury of pulmonary tissues. Thymosin β4 (Tβ4), a naturally expressed protein, was reported to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and regenerative properties. Aim of study: This study was designed to examine the role of Tβ4 in ameliorating Styrene Oxide (SO)-induced complication on the lung tissues and its potential mechanisms. Material and methods: Forty adult male Wistar albino rats were allocated randomly into 4 groups, 10 rats each. Control group: rats were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with 0.5cm physiological saline. Tβ4 group: rats were injected i.p. with 1mg/kg of Tβ4. SO group: rats were injected i.p. with 300 mg/kg of SO. SO+ Tβ4 group: rats were concomitantly injected i.p. with 300 mg/kg of SO and 1mg/kg of Tβ4. All chemicals were given once daily for 28 days. Results: There was a high significant decrease in the body weight, TAO and GSH levels and a significant increase in lung indices, inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-13) and lipid peroxidation marker (MDA) levels in SO group. Also, there was a high significant increase in TGF-β1 and decrease in PGE2 in the SO group. SO also induced marked histopathological changes in lung tissues involving thickened interalveolar septa, collapsed alveoli, and infiltration by inflammatory cells. Also, there were excess collagen fiber depositions, increased number of macrophage cells, and positive α-SMA, CD68 and VEGF immunoreactivity. These results were significantly ameliorated via Tβ4 administration. Conclusion: Tβ4 was effective in preserving the structure and function of the lung after the injury induced by SO.


Modern organizations must constantly adapt to the changes they face due because globalization, where innovation, effectiveness and efficiency are the main topics to consider, so the use of adequate skills and elements from its conceptualization toward their implementation, offer the know-how to affront this challenges, and in result may increase the organizational environment toward this objectives. The new organizational practices management tools such as mentoring and innovation needs to be important part of the daily bases activities in any modern organization.
     Innovation is no longer an option; it must be a normal practice in any organization management. This innovation capability must be sustainable and profitable in pursuit of new business and commercial challenges, the wall change is to stop thinking that innovation is not far from easy to organizations; but in order to change that old way of thinking we need a proper accompaniment, for achieving, looking to go further and move at a pace that allows not only for going fast, but faster in a 10x speed. It is then through the use of mentoring tool for the innovation process, that this may be possible to implement in an extraordinary way.


A direct conversion receiver (DCR) is a candidate for realizing a small size and low cost wireless terminal because IF filters can be eliminated. However, the DCR suffers from dc offset and 2nd order distortion generated mainly in the direct conversion mixer. A dc offset canceler has been proposed to compensate for this unavoidable dc offset [l], and it must be within 10 mV at the output of the mixer considering hardware complexity of the dc offset canceler. This paper presents an approach to substantially reduce dc offset and 2nd order distortion in the mixer for the DCR.


Predominantly covered by a single type of {100} facets, Cu nanocubes are attractive catalytic material toward reactions such as electrochemical reduction of CO2. Here we report a seed-mediated approach to the facile synthesis of Au@Cu core–shell nanocubes with hexadecylamine and Cl– serving as capping agents toward the {100} facets of Cu and glucose as a reducing agent. The large (12%) lattice mismatch between Cu and Au led to the localized epitaxial growth of Cu shells on the Au seeds and the formation of nanocubes with randomly distributed Au cores. Compared to the same synthesis in the absence of Au seeds, the reduction of Cu(II) ions was greatly accelerated in the presence of Au seeds because of the autocatalytic surface reduction. It was also found that the structure and morphology of the products were highly dependent on the concentration of Cu(II) precursor in the reaction solution. Nanoplates rather than nanocubes were obtained when the concentration of Cu(II) precursor was reduced down to a certa...


From Luke to James, the writers of the New Testament transformed the Greco-Roman ideal of friendship into a communal ethos. This koinonia was characterized above all by the sharing of material possessions.


An application of nonlinear control to enhance the operation of dynamical systems is found in the literature. In particular, recent research achieved harmonics reduction by driving a single-phase AC/AC converter to a chaotic regime. However, the periodic symmetry of the output voltage is broken during this process. This paper proposes two single-phase AC/AC converters with a symmetry-recovery feature that allows the converters to work either in a chaotic or stable regime. The proposed method, which is based on the extended delay feedback control, found a direct impact to recover the symmetry on the distribution of the power density through the time-delayed input.


Microblog has formed a powerful force in the new media era within a few years. Anti-corruption through microblog is different from the traditional approach in vitality and effectiveness. At the same time, the new form of anti-corruption is chaotic because of the gap in laws and regulations. We may seek a way in the existing laws and new legislation to make it proceed orderly within the legal framework by combining the microblog and traditional anti-corruption system.


Objective To explore the clinical value of radionuclide bone scintigraphy and measurements of serum prostate-specific antigen ( PSA),alkaline phosphatase ( ALP) and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase ( BAP) in the diagnosis of bone metastasis in prostate cancer (PCa) patients from October 2006 to October 2009.Methods The results of bone scintigraphy,serum PSA,ALP and BAP were analyzed retrospectively in 50 PCa patients.Results The positive rate of bone scintigraphy was 70.0% in 50 PCa patients.In 35 patients with PCa bone metastasis,97.1% of them were PSA 20.0 ng/mL,88.6% were BAP20.1 μg/L,and 94.3% were ALP130.0 μg/L.The serum levels of PSA,ALP and BAP were increased step by step along with the advancement of bone metastatic grading from M0 to M3.They were significantly positively correlated.Conclusion Radionuclide bone scintigraphy is a major method in the diagnosis of bone metastasis in PCa patients currently.PSA,ALP and BAP are also important auxiliary diagnostic markers.Patients with the level of PSA20.0 ng/mL should take a routine whole-body examination of bone scintigraphy.


The present invention relates to a method for the impact-resistant thermoplastic molding composition (F), to reduce undesirable color change caused by the low temperature (cold stress whitening) of. The molding composition comprising at least one elastomeric graft polymer (A) and at least one thermoplastic polymer (B). According to the present invention, based on the molding composition (F) is 10-200ppm at least one polyorganosiloxane (S) added to the thermoplastic molding material (F) in the impact resistance.


Purpose
This paper proposes a novel method for human hands tracking using data from an event camera. The event camera detects changes in brightness, measuring motion, with low latency, no motion blur, low power consumption and high dynamic range. Captured frames are analysed using lightweight algorithms reporting three-dimensional (3D) hand position data. The chosen pick-and-place scenario serves as an example input for collaborative human–robot interactions and in obstacle avoidance for human–robot safety applications.

Design/methodology/approach
Events data are pre-processed into intensity frames. The regions of interest (ROI) are defined through object edge event activity, reducing noise. ROI features are extracted for use in-depth perception.

Findings
Event-based tracking of human hand demonstrated feasible, in real time and at a low computational cost. The proposed ROI-finding method reduces noise from intensity images, achieving up to 89% of data reduction in relation to the original, while preserving the features. The depth estimation error in relation to ground truth (measured with wearables), measured using dynamic time warping and using a single event camera, is from 15 to 30 millimetres, depending on the plane it is measured.

Originality/value
Tracking of human hands in 3 D space using a single event camera data and lightweight algorithms to define ROI features (hands tracking in space).


A miniature energy harvesting device for producing electricity from acoustical energy, stray electromagnetic energy, noise and from energy of different anatomical motions. The device comprises a housing, a mechanical spring engaged with the housing between a static and dynamic state and a first magnet engaged with the mechanical spring. The device further comprises a conductive grid freely moveable within a cavity of the housing. The device further comprises a composite structure comprising a fixed magnet and a piezoelectric material. The composite structure is engaged with the grid and in communication with the first magnet. The first magnet and the fixed magnet apply a force upon the piezoelectric material when the mechanical spring is in the static state to produce a base voltage. Excitation of the mechanical spring causes the piezoelectric material to generate an alternating voltage output having a peak voltage greater than the base voltage.


Dear Editor, As of the end of June 2021, the ongoing COVID-19 outbreak in Japan had four waves since it started in February 2020. During the fourth wave, the number of infected people increased rapidly due to the strong infectivity of the N501Y variant, and the shortage of hospital beds became noticeable. In Japan, all infected people are registered in the Health Center Real-time Information-sharing System on COVID-19 (HER-SYS) provided by the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare; however, it is difficult to know the accurate number of infected pregnant women because the system does not have an independent label on records of pregnant women. The accurate identification of the number of pregnant women who contracted SARS-CoV-2 is important for building a future perinatal medical care system. We collaborated with local governments to count all infected pregnant women, infected pregnant women who underwent recuperation at home, infected pregnant women who were hospitalized, and infected pregnant women who required medical intervention (administration of oxygen or systemic corticosteroids, or fluid replacement for infectious symptoms) in Sapporo City and its surrounding areas in Hokkaido from May 1 to June 15, 2021, which was the peak time of the fourth wave. Hokkaido is an area surrounded by the sea, persons' move and patients transfer between other prefectures are limited compared to Tokyo or Osaka. Sapporo City and its surrounding areas have a population of about 2.61 million, 1.39 million women, and 280 000 women between ages of 20s and 30s. The number of new infections per week per 100 000 population during the period was 77.7 in the study area. Of 6173 women or 2047 women between ages of 20s and 30s who contracted the infection during the period, 48 (0.8% and 2.3%, respectively) were pregnant. The maximum number of pregnant women infected with COVID-19 at the same time was 19, and the maximum of 12 and seven infected pregnant women were hospitalized and received medical intervention at the same time, respectively. Pregnant women who required medical intervention were at 20 or more weeks of gestation and were dominated by those after 30 weeks of gestation (Figure 1). Pregnant women with COVID-19 have been shown to be more prone to exacerbation than non-pregnant women and particularly so in the third trimester of pregnancy. In this study also, pregnant women with moderate-to-severe COVID-19 were dominated by those in the third trimester of pregnancy. Based on these data, the Hokkaido government decided to build a future medical care system for pregnant women with perinatal infection. In


Recent years have witnessed many developments that extended to an increase in the information needs of users of financial reports. This resulted in the inability of financial reports to provide an adequate view of the overall performance of companies due to their focus on the financial aspect only, which is no longer sufficient to meet the needs of investors and other stakeholders, which increased with it the demand by stakeholders for non-financial information, and consequently the need to develop the accounting information system with its outputs represented in reports and financial statements to keep pace with the rapid development and changes in the contemporary business environment. This study aimed at analyzing the impact of accounting disclosure according to integrated business reports on maximizing the value of the company and the cost of capital in Iraq Stock Exchange using a sample of 27 observations in the time period from (2016) to (2019) distributed among the sectors (communication, services, agriculture, trade, industry, tourism and hotels). The study followed the descriptive analysis using descriptive statistics methods represented by (arithmetic mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation) to form a clear picture of the nature of the study variables, then the methods of inferential statistics represented by (Pearson correlation coefficient


This study examined the effectiveness of fact-checking in reducing misperceptions held by people of two opposing camps in the Anti-Extradition Bill Movement in Hong Kong. The experimental design mirrored the political rhetoric in the city's media and exposed participants to erroneous information in news reports that cast protesters in a negative light or accused the police unfoundedly. We found that directional motivation persistently exerted a profound influence on people's acceptance of misinformation. Exposure to fact-checks was found to have limited effects in combating the influence of misinformation and mitigating social division. The effects were contingent on the audiences' attitude strength and fact-checkers. The findings suggest that the effectiveness of fact-checking is subject to the political and media contexts in which misinformation and fact-checks are circulated as well as the implications of those contexts on people's trust in fact-checks.


The constant efforts to overcome a permanent possibility in the aspect of preservation have continued to be tried out through new...


The paper models unemployment in the group of selected Central and Southeast European (CSEE) countries using a global macroeconometric framework to account for the dynamics in the labour markets of the neighbouring countries. Traditionally, being the largest labour market in the region, Germany attracts workers from the CSEE countries as it offers higher salaries and provides better working conditions in comparison to their home economies. To appropriately account for possible spillovers from the German economy and its labour market the global model employed in this paper includes Germany as the dominant economy. The results of the study indicate that the CSEE countries labour markets are highly influenced by the dynamics on the German labour market.


Some of the chemical findings of previous workers, on the type and distribution of aortic lipids have been confirmed by histochemical methods and have been extended to include other arteries. With increasing age the total lipid was found to increase in the apparently normal artery. Cholesterol and its esters appeared in the 20-29 decade in the intima of the aorta. Subsequent decades showed a deposition in the intima of other vessels and the media of the aorta. Phospholipid deposition followed a similar pattern. The following steroids have been demonstrated by paper partition chromatography in both the normal and abnormal aorta, cholesterol, cholest-5-ene-3β:7β-diol, cholest-5-ene-3β:7α-diol, cholestane-3β:5α:6β-triol, and cholest-5-ene-3β:24 or 25 diol.


THREE RAMP TERMINAL DESIGNS WERE PAINTED SUCCESSIVELY AT ONE ON-RAMP LOCATION. THE FIRST SEQUENCE OF OBSERVATIONS WAS MADE WITH THE RAMP CURB ENCROACHING ON THE SHOULDER (2 FT FROM EDGE OF FREEWAY PAVEMENT) AND A SECOND SEQUENCE WAS OBSERVED WITH THE RAMP CURB OFFSET SHOULDER WIDTH FROM THE FREEWAY PAVEMENT (IN THIS CASE 8 FT), RESULTING IN SIX SEPARATE STUDIES. SPEED AND PLACEMENT OF VEHICLES WERE RECORDED AND MOVIES WERE TAKEN DURING EACH PHASE. FREEWAY VOLUME VARIED FROM 2,400 TO 6,000 VPH, WHILE RAMP VOLUME VARIED FROM 240 TO 1,200 VPH. FINDINGS INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING: (1) ALL THREE DESIGNS RESULTED IN SIMILAR VEHICLE PATHS, BECAUSE ESSENTIALLY THEY WERE ALL LIBERAL DESIGNS AND TRAFFIC WAS ABLE TO DRIVE A NATURAL PATH. WHEN THE NOSE WAS OFFSET, A LONG GRADUAL TAPER (50:1) APPEARED TO CAUSE VEHICLES TO USE A GREATER PORTION OF THE RAMP THAN A PARALLEL RAMP OF THE SAME LENGTH, (2) SOMEWHAT MORE LENGTH WAS USED AT LOW VOLUMES THAN AT HIGH VOLUMES, EXCEPT DURING THE 8-FT OFFSET 50:1 TAPER PHASE, WHERE THE LENGTH USED WAS APPROXIMATELY CONSTANT FOR ALL VOLUMES, (3) MERGING DISTANCE REQUIRED AT HIGH TURNING SPEED IS AS GREAT AS THAT REQUIRED AT LOW SPEED, AND (4) THE NATURAL PATH OF NEARLY ALL VEHICLES IS CONTAINED WITHIN A 50:1 TAPER, AND THIS DESIGN PROVIDES SUFFICIENT ACCELERATION DISTANCE FOR ALL TURNING SPEEDS. IT IS CONCLUDED THAT RAMP TERMINAL DESIGN SHOULD BE STANDARDIZED AND A TENTATIVE STANDARD IS OFFERED TOGETHER WITH SUPPORTING DATA AND REASONING. /AUTHOR/


Present experimental investigations reveal the efficacy of postoperational wounds healing after chronic anal fissure resection when treated by applying wound-healing bandage "PermaFoam" and antibacterial polyvalent pyobacteriophage "Sextaphage".A model of anal fissure was created on 48 pubescent white outbread Wistar mice according to V.S. Groshilin procedure. After chronic anal fissure formation a part of animals (n=6) were removed from the experiment on the 30th day. The edges of the experi-mental fissure were resected en block to make a histological investigation aimed at morphological identification.Morphological study revealed that in a week time after PermaFoam bandage and pyobacteriophage Sextaphage treatment animals of the main group showed quicker reduction of exudative reaction with simultaneous formation of granulation tissue. On the14th day both in the main and in comparison groups we noted obliterated sclerotic changes with activation of fibroblasts and macro-phages. At the same time, obliterated chronic inflammation preserved in the group of comparison. Time of full healing of postoperational wound in the main group was 16±0.51 days, in comparison group 19±0.42 days.


Males of many insect species transfer, within the ejaculate, substances that render females sexually unreceptive and promote ovulation and oviposition. In this paper, I propose hypotheses for the evolutionary origin of these substances and discuss how selection may have modified them subsequently. Two hypotheses are considered. According to the handicap hypothesis, receptivity inhibition substances (RIS) and ovulation and oviposition stimulating substances (OSS) are used by females to evaluate the quality of the ejaculate received, the last being a function of the genetic or phenotypic quality of sperm, and of the nutritional or protective (to the female or her offspring) quality of its chemical constituents. This hypothesis predicts that RIS and OSS must be reliable indictors of ejaculate quality, reliability being the result of the high RIS/OSS production costs and specific chemical composition. The second hypothesis proposes that RIS/OSS are selected only in regard to their effectiveness as stimulators through Fisher's sexual selection runaway process. According to this hypothesis, RIS/OSS are not necessarily are reliable indicators of sperm or ejaculate chemical constituents quality (other than ability to stimulate), and must show a high species-specificity (rapid evolutionary divergence). Empirical evidence is reviewed, and the kind of information necessary to evaluate the relative importance of each hypothesis is indicated.


We report a direct conversion of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) into pure cubic boron nitride (c-BN) by nanosecond laser melting at ambient temperatures and atmospheric pressure in air. According to the phase diagram, the transformation from h-BN into c-BN can occur only at high temperatures and pressures, as the hBN-cBN-Liquid triple point is at 3500 K/9.5 GPa. Using nanosecond laser melting, we have created super undercooled state and shifted this triple point to as low as 2800 K and atmospheric pressure. The rapid quenching from super undercooled state leads to formation of super undercooled BN (Q-BN). The c-BN phase is nucleated from Q-BN depending upon the time allowed for nucleation and growth.


A wealth of human knowledge is expressed in structured tables, across web pages, scientific articles, spreadsheets, and databases. This wealth of knowledge is mirrored by diversity in the vast number of layout structures, content types, formats, and surface forms used to express tables. Recent advances in representation learning and knowledge representation have made progress in exploiting structural regularities in tabular data to unlock this knowledge. In this tutorial, we provide a survey of these advances for a host of table understanding tasks, including table segmentation, semantic typing of cells, transforming tables to knowledge graphs, entity linking, and table retrieval tasks for question answering. The structure of the tutorial will include three major modules. The first will provide attendees an introduction to the seminal work in organization of data in tables, and cover the major goals and approaches of computational systems that undertake table understanding. The second module will cover specific models used for table understanding tasks, such as table discovery, table segmentation and layout detection, cell classification and semantic typing, mapping tables to knowledge graphs and linking to known entities, and table retrieval in search and question answering. The final tutorial module will provide a primer for researchers who want to get involved with the table understanding community, providing them a guide to the most commonly used benchmark datasets and models, downstream applications and evaluations, and a sketch of the open problems in table understanding. Our tutorial is designed to be approachable to many different audiences, and will serve as a timely resource in a field that is quickly progressing. To engage audiences, we will incorporate opportunities to ask questions and discuss, as well as small group activities and exercises with other participants. When possible, we will incorporate practical demos that help illustrate the operation of the tools and models we discuss, as well as pointing out places where the existing state-of-the-art system can be improved. Additionally, we will introduce participants to many of the open-source tools and datasets that the tutors have built and curated, helping new researchers begin working on these problems quickly and effectively.


This article seeks to contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the gender relations and the dowry system in India. It is based on a qualitative study that gave priority to the undertaking of interviews with women from different educational backgrounds living in the city of Hyderabad (South of India). The predominant perception of the interviewees is that education promotes economic and symbolic independence. The higher the educational level, the more critical accounts are found in relation to: the dowry system as a mechanism of reproduction of the low status of women and of the persistent asymmetries in gender relations; the wish to educate sons and daughters under equal conditions; and the value given to marriages based on love to the detriment of arranged ones. The main argument is that education is a fundamental source of women's empowerment and opens up prospects for challenging the patriarchal regime, changing the status of women and leading to a more gender equal society. However,if this is to happen, then the education system (programs and curricula) needs to be congruent with gender equality, targeting both women and men in the project of challenging the dominant patriarchal structure.


In this study,the Chimera technique and the Morph technique were combined to produce new forms of face stimuli,and the "stimulus" and "position" were isolated and manipulated,to examine the effect of half face and its location on the face attractiveness.The results showed:(1)Both the "stimulus" and "position" had effect on face attractiveness;(2) For the specific performance of the right half of the face,presented either on the left or right,its attractiveness was always higher than the left face of the appeal;(3 ) The " position" effect model was more complex in that the appeal of half of the face presented in the original position(the right half of the face presented on the right and left half faces presented on the left),was always higher than the mirror position.


In a degree the future of Chinese education is based on reforms and developments of teacher education.The pre-service teacher training is the most important part of teacher education.As main teacher educational institutions,those normal universities should deal well with some important issues,such as the teaching material selection,training process designing,and quality assurance.


ABSTRACT Fuzzy logic can simulate wheat yield by nitrogen and temperature nonlinearity, validating the use of hydrogel biopolymer. The objective of this study is to adapt the fuzzy logic model to the simulation of nitrogen biomass and wheat grain yield and non-linearity of the maximum air temperature, under the conditions of use of the hydrogel biopolymer, in high and low N-residual release systems. The study was conducted in 2014 and 2015, in Augusto Pestana, RS, Brazil (28 ° 26 '30' latitude S and 54 ° 0 '58' longitude W). The experimental design was a randomized block design with four replications in 5 x 5 factorial, for hydrogel doses (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg ha-1), added in the furrow next to the seed, and N-fertilizer doses. (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg ha-1), applied at the phenological stage V3 (third expanded leaf) as top-dressing, respectively. The pertinence functions together with the quantitative and linguistic values for the input and output variables are suitable for the use of fuzzy logic in the wheat yield simulation. The fuzzy model made it possible to estimate the values of biomass and wheat grain yield by nitrogen and non-linearity of the maximum air temperature under the conditions of use of the hydrogel biopolymer in high and low N-residual release systems.


The high-rise or super high-rise building often adopts the structure of the frame tube or tube in tube structure.It has the problem of 'fat beam fat column',and it is not convenient to use.In order to meet the use function,it often needs additional cost and results in waste.New prefabricated space steel grid tube in tube cassette structure has the advantages of small component,fast speed construction,safety,small amount of steel.The basic principles and mechanical characteristics of the new prefabricated space steel grid tube in tube cassette structure is described and compared with the new structure system and conventional frame-tube structure system of a super high-rise building.The basic dynamic characteristics of the new structure are analyzed.Elastic time history analysis of the new structure under earthquake are also carried out.The study shows that the integrity and spatial stiffness of the new structure is better than that of conventional frame tube structure.It has good seismic performance and can achieve good economic benefits.


The experimental results show the dependence of reaction rate on ionic strength - described as a primary salt effect; the experiment can be extended in two interesting ways: at low pH the dissociation constant of an unstable acid can be evaluated, and the influence of complexing metal ions on the kinetics enables the stability constant of the metal / murexide complex to be determined.


Climatic loads on structures are commonly defined under the assumption of stationary climate conditions; but, as confirmed by recent studies, they can significantly vary because of climate change effects, with relevant impacts not only for the design of new structures but also for the assessment of the existing ones. In this paper, a general methodology to evaluate the influence of climate change on climatic actions is presented, based on the analysis of observed data series and climate projections. Illustrative results in terms of changes in characteristic values of temperature, precipitation, snow, and wind loads are discussed for Italy and Germany, with reference to different climate models and radiative forcing scenarios. In this way, guidance for potential amendments in the current definition of climatic actions in structural codes is provided. Finally, the influence of climate change on the long-term structural reliability is estimated for a specific case study, showing the potential of the proposed methodology.


The issue that Educational Technology Undergraduate confused on their subject area is growing seriously. In order to solve this issue, the Educational Technology Key Laboratory of the Capital Normal University designed and implemented Participatory Training Based on Problems. In this paper, we used Content Analysis Methods, statistical analysis method and in-depth interview, analyzed the students' changes in the major understanding and puzzles around training from the perspective of both quantitative and qualitative. In the way of Empirical Study we studied on the effectiveness of this training.


ABSTRACT This paper presents an analysis of how education reform in Denver Public Schools (DPS) fails to reach its targeted goal of closing achievement gaps between white students and Students of Colour based on its investment in Whiteness. Using a theoretical framework grounded in critical whiteness studies, we trace a history in DPS that includes legal intervention on behalf of Students of Colour and analyse how modern day school choice, specialised programme assignments and hiring and promotion tactics reproduce historical inequities by granting privilege to white students and educators through its stated doctrine and policy. This privilege is evident through testing data showing DPS white students not only outperform white state peers, but as district policies targeted at closing racial gaps take hold, white students are actually benefiting the most. This paper asserts that until DPS is willing to examine how Whiteness is entrenched in all parts of the district it is destined to perpetuate racial inequities.


A brief overview of the creation and work of the IEEE 1788 working group for the standardization of interval arithmetic is given. The motions discussed and adopted so far are listed.


The composition and morphology of original cuttlebone and hydroxyapatite(HAP)-converted cuttlebone were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis(TG-DTA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The mechanism of self-assembly was also discussed. The results show that the mineral of original cuttlebone is rod-like aragonite polymorph of CaCO3 and the chamber-like macroporous architecture is its extrinsic feature. In phosphate solution, the interior aragonite converts hydrothermally to HAP by a solid-state topotactic ion-exchange reaction in which the HAP retains the morphology and the orientation of the original aragonite. Meanwhile, the exterior aragonite converts hydrothermally to HAP via dissolution-recrystallization, with squama-like morphology. These squama-like HAP self-assemble to microspheres with hydrothermal reaction time prolonged.


Summary form only given, as follows. Summary form only given. Electroless Cu on NH/sub 3/ plasma treated TaN/sub x/ films was investigated to reduce the electrical resistivity without quality degradation of electroless Cu films. The electrical resistivity of the NH/sub 3/ plasma treated TaN/sub x/ barriers is increased by less than 10 % compared with the TaN/sub x/ barriers without plasma treatment.


A new CGM fast-aid repair material was developed by changing the kind of cement and adding hardening accelerator based on the CGM High Strength Non-Shrinkage Grouting Material.It was shown that the compressive strength of this material is 30MPa at 1h,meanwhile,the fluidity and expansion rate were not changed.


This editorial refers to 'Improved 5-year prediction of all-cause mortality by coronary CT angiography applying the CONFIRM score', by S. Deseive et al. doi: 10.1093/ehjci/jew195.

Coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) underwent a remarkable evolution during the past 10 years. From a robust rule out test and gate keeper of invasive coronary angiography—because of its excellent negative predictive value and high sensitivity to identify luminal obstruction—computed tomography (CT) became a comprehensive imaging test that is able to depict coronary atherosclerosis in a more holistic way.2 The ability of coronary CTA to visualize the entire coronary tree and assess individual plaque types opens new avenues in cardiovascular risk assessment. At the dawn of precision medicine, it is important to comprehend the rich information provided by CT to predict adverse cardiac events and tailor medical therapies.

The notion to assess high-risk plaque features to improve risk stratification has initiated several clinical studies. Plaque features, such a positive remodelling, low CT attenuation, napkin-ring sign, and spotty calcification, proved to identify patients with higher risk to suffer myocardial infarction.3–5 However, the predictive value of high-risk plaque features has been questioned based on the results of the PROPSEPCT (Providing Regional Observations to Study Predictors of Events in the Coronary Tree) study, which demonstrated a very low event rate associated with each individual high-risk lesion as assessed by intravascular ultrasound.6 Furthermore, none of the CT studies considered total plaque burden as a potential confounder, when evaluating the prognostic value of high-risk plaque. Importantly, patients with high-risk plaque features often have extensive coronary atherosclerosis with large plaque burden. Furthermore, atherosclerosis …


In Gideon, the Supreme Court of U.S. recognized that "the poor have a right, grounded in the First Amendment, to receive legal aid in crime case." A lso in Noerr, the Supreme Court decided "individuals have a Constitutional Right to petition the government for taking public action. This right is exempt from the Antitrust Laws no matter how anticompetitive the petitioners' intent, and whether they conduct the petitioning singly or in concert." When the two rights were conflicted in the case of Superior Court Trial Lawyers ASS'N, the poor's right was selected to be protected by the Court.


In the electric-arc-heated shock tunnel, the facility performance over a range of shock Mach numbers from 7 to 19 was evaluated. The efficiency of the arc-heated driver is deduced using an improved form of the shock tube equation. A theoretical and experimental analysis is made of the tailored-interface condition. The free stream properties in the test section, with nitrogen as the test gas, are evaluated using a method based on stagnation point, heat transfer measurements.


Calcutta has opened the first rapid transit operation on the Indian subcontinent despite high odds against it from the planning to construction. Commenced in 1973, construction has been beset by funding problems. The initial 16.3-km route will have 17 stations in a high density corridor. About 15 km is subway, 1.1 km elevated and 0.2 km on the surface. Nearly 14 km is cut-and-cover construction with the remaining 1 km by full tunneling. Details of construction, rolling stock, electrical engineering and signaling are also included.


Invited Lectures.- On the Differences between "Practical" and "Applied".- Contributed Papers.- An Experimental Study of Online Scheduling Algorithms.- Implementation of O(nmlog n) Weighted Matchings in General Graphs. The Power of Data Structures.- Pushing the Limits in Sequential Sorting.- Efficient Sorting Using Registers and Caches.- Lattice Basis Reduction with Dynamic Approximation.- Clustering Data without Prior Knowledge.- Recognizing Bundles in Time Table Graphs - A Structural Approach.- Analysis and Experimental Evaluation of an Innovative and Efficient Routing Protocol for Ad-hoc Mobile Networks.- Portable List Ranking: An Experimental Study.- Parallelizing Local Search for CNF Satisfiability Using Vectorization and PVM.- Asymptotic Complexity from Experiments? A Case Study for Randomized Algorithms.- Visualizing Algorithms Over the Web with the Publication-Driven Approach.- Interchanging Tw Segments of an Array in a Hierarchical Memory System.- Two-Dimensional Arrangements in CGAL and Adaptive Point Location for Parametric Curves.- Planar Point Location for Large Data Sets: To Seek or Not to Seek.- Implementation of Approximation Algorithms for Weighted and Unweighted Edge-Disjoint Paths in Bidirected Trees.- Dynamic Maintenance Versus Swapping: An Experimental Study on Shortest Paths Trees.- Maintaining Shortest Paths in Digraphs with Arbitrary Arc Weights: An Experimental Study.- New Algorithms for Examination Timetabling.


Electric quadrupolar continua satisfying a physically reasonable constitutive relation supports both an evanescent and a propagating eigenmode. Thus, three interface boundary conditions, two plus an "additional boundary condition" (ABC), are required to obtain a unique solution to a plane wave incident from free space upon an electric quadrupolar half‐space. By generalizing the constitutive relation to hold within the transition layer between the free space and the quadrupolar continuum, we derive these three boundary conditions directly from Maxwell's differential equations. The three boundary conditions are used to determine the unique solution to the boundary value problem of an electric quadrupolar slab. Numerical computations show that for long wavelengths, two previous boundary conditions, derived under the assumption that the electric quadrupolarization contains negligible effective delta functions in the transition layer, produce an accurate solution by neglecting the evanescent eigenmode, that is, by assuming it decays within the transition layer. It appears that the general method used to derive the electric quadrupolar ABC can be applied to obtain the boundary conditions for any other realizable constitutive relation in a Maxwellian multipole continuum.


Distributions of impurities in natural sepiolite samples produced in Japan, China, U. S. A. and Turkey were studied by Xray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry (TG), differential thermal analysis (DTA), differential thermogravimetry (DTG), thermal mass spectrometry (TMS) and chemical analyses. Calsite, magnesite and dolomite were contained in the sepiolite minerals. These carbonates contained in the samples could be easily eliminated by treating with 0.6mol/L aqueous solution of HCI. Weight losses in each sample obtained by TG measurement were consistent with the calculated values from the results of elemental analyses. After the samples were treated with HCl, the weight losses with the decomposition of carbonates did not observed in TG curves of the samples and only the dehydration from the samples contributed to the weight losses in TG-DTA-TMS curves. Especially, in the Japanese and Chinese samples, characteristic dehydration steps in the pure sepiolite were observed. The results of elemental analyses showed that both the Si4+ site in the SiO4 sheet and Mg2+ in the MgO6 sheet of sepiolite samples were partially substituted by metal ions such as aluminum, iron, manganese and titanium ions.


. A single-valued neutrosophic set (SVNS) and an interval neutrosophic set (INS) are two instances of a neutrosophic set, which can efficiently deal with uncertain, imprecise, incomplete, and inconsistent information. In this paper, we develop a novel method for solving single-valued neutrosophic multi-criteria decision making with incomplete weight information, in which the criterion values are given in the form of single-valued neutrosophic sets (SVNSs), and the information about criterion weights is incompletely known or completely unknown. The developed method consists of two stages. The first stage is to use the maximizing deviation method to establish an optimization model, which derives the optimal weights of criteria under single-valued neutrosophic environments. After obtaining the weights of criteria through the above stage, the second stage is to develop a single-valued neutrosophic TOPSIS (SVNTOPSIS) method to determine a solution with the shortest distance to the single-valued neutrosophic positive ideal solution (SVNPIS) and the greatest distance from the single-valued neutrosophic negative ideal solution (SVNNIS). Moreover, a best global supplier selection problem is used to demonstrate the validity and applicability of the developed method. Finally, the extended results in interval neutrosophic situations are pointed out and a comparison analysis with the other methods is given to illustrate the advantages of the developed


The existing research perspectives of management accounting include measurement structure,neo-classicism economics,behavior science,empirical study,etc.Among all these perspectives,the "priority to function" paradigm has scientific nature.By scientifically defining the research methods and analyzing their transformation,further development can be made in the five paradigms which focus respectively on priority to function,explanation approaches,theory of main body and structure,theory of structure relevance and radical theory.


Purdue University began studying the predator–prey interaction, the wolves were up to 20 and the moose down to 538. The two population numbers have seesawed ever since. Peterson, who joined the project as a graduate student in 1970 and later moved to Michigan Technological University in Houghton, was teaching dissection using some moose metatarsal bones that he had collected from mainland Michigan. (The metatarsus in a moose makes up the hind leg and serves as a proxy for body size.) Peterson noticed that their size was "consistently above the average for Isle Royale moose. Then when researchers in Minnesota started collaring moose and making collections from dead animals, I saw an opportunity to collect enough moose bones to do a respectable comparison." As is reported in the current issue of the moose journal Alces, researchers measured the length of more than 1000 metatarsal bones collected on Isle Royale and found that the mean was significantly shorter than that of bones collected from nearby mainland moose, by about 9 millimeters for females and double that for males. The difference with moose bones collected from mainland Sweden and Alaska was even greater; Isle Royale moose, it seems, may be among the smallest in the world. Shripad Tuljapurkar, a Stanford University evolutionary biologist who has worked on the evolution of phenotypic traits, calls the paper "an insightful historical analysis that provides valuable detail about evolution in a large mammalian species and marches with the general island rule." The detail, he notes, should help in creating analytical models of size change for species with island and mainland populations.


Owing to the widely used brushless DC motors (BDCMs) in high-efficiency applications, many position sensorless control methods based on voltage source inverters had been developed in the literature. Recently, current source inverters (CSIs) are receiving more and more attention because of their inherent short-circuit protection characteristics. But no position sensorless control for buck-type CSI with square-wave current had been found in the literature. In this study, the buck-type CSI-fed BDCM drive is designed and its application to the square-current position sensorless control is first proposed. The provided simulation and experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed CSI-based position sensorless control.


The purpose of this paper is to show a logic of direct approach for the simplex method on L.P. From the characteristics of the objective function and the constraints, L.P. problems can be classified as follows : Form Objective Constraint function A) Standard Max cTx Ax<b, x>0 B) Nonstandard Type I Max cTx Ax>b, x>0 Type II Min cTx Ax<b, x>0 Type III Min cTx Ax<b, x>0 Type IV Max cTx Ax>/ <b, x>0 Type V Min cTx Ax>^ 4.b, x>0 Preliminaries: A linear programming model has been constructed from three parts. The influence of characteristics of each part can be considered as in the following order: objective function, R.H.S. (right-hand side) and left-hand side. The proposed method involves two concepts with respect to criteria. The first concept is that the direction of objective function should be always kept in an objective policy, and is characterized by the coefficient of objective function. The second concept is related to the determination of the optimal condition. These concepts are connected with the definition of the key capacity factor Wb.


By simultaneous measurements of neutral and ionized clusters sputtered from polycrystalline silver and copper, the absolute ionization probabilities ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\alpha}}}_{\mathit{X}\mathit{n}}^{+}$ for the formation of the corresponding secondary ions ${\mathit{X}}_{\mathit{n}}^{+}$ (n=1,...,4) are determined. The alternating abundance of ${\mathrm{Ag}}_{\mathit{n}}^{+}$ and ${\mathrm{Cu}}_{\mathit{n}}^{+}$ is discussed quantitatively in terms of microscopic models for surface ionization. At least for silver clusters this effect is ascribed to an alternation of the ionization probability induced by the different ionization potentials of the sputtered clusters, which were also measured.


Drug-Drug Interactions (DDIs) and associated Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) represent a significant public health problem in the United States. The research presented in this paper tackles the problems of representing, discovering, quantifying and visualizing patterns from high-order DDIs in a purely data-driven fashion. We formulate the problems based on a notion of directional DDI relations and correspondingly developed weighted hyper-graphlets for their representation. We also develop a convolutional scheme and its stochastic algorithm SD3ID2S to learn the directional DDI based drug-drug similarities. Our experimental results demonstrate that such approaches can well capture the patterns from high-order DDIs.


Cells from 60 marrow aspirates were separated using columns of glass microspherules. The effect of PHA on the viability and synthesis of DNA and RNA by these cells was observed after 3 days growth. The synthesis of DNA and RNA was observed before and after culture by means of autoradiographs prepared after exposure to 3H thymidine or 3H uridine. 3H thymidine uptake was low in the initial suspensions and was not increased by the addition of PHA, 3H uridine uptake was increased in only four of 41 cultures stimulated with PHA, and there was a reduction in the number of viable cells in cultures containing PHA.


AIMS
Evidence showed self-efficacy was relevant to rural females' cervical cancer screening behaviour. However, little is known about sources of self-efficacy on cervical cancer screening among rural females. This study aimed to explore sources of self-efficacy on cervical cancer screening among rural females.

DESIGN
A qualitative descriptive study was conducted. Both users and providers of cervical cancer screening service in rural areas of China were recruited through maximum variation sampling.

METHODS
Individual semi-structured interviews through telephone calls were conducted. Data were analysed via six main stages of framework method, with the Social Cognitive Theory as a reference.

RESULTS
Four main sources were identified including personal screening experience, hearing about other women's screening experiences, professional health education and consultation, and emotional status. Personal screening experience included enactive mastery of completing the screening behaviour, and cognitive mastery of internalisation of the screening. Only the experience of completing cervical cancer screening behaviour was not strong enough to improve self-efficacy. Cognitive mastery showed more critical influence.

CONCLUSION
These four sources of rural females' cervical cancer screening self-efficacy matched with the major sources of self-efficacy of the Social Cognitive Theory. Cognition was critical to influencing the screening self-efficacy. Intervention strategies aimed at enhancing rural females' cervical cancer screening self-efficacy can be developed on these four major sources.

PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION
A registered nurse with rich experience in cervical cancer-related research and qualitative study was the interviewer of this study. Users (rural females and providers (healthcare professionals and village staff) of cervical cancer screening services were recruited as interviewees. The interview guides were developed by the research team and evaluated by an expert panel including two nurse leaders of gynaecological cancer, one doctor specialized in cervical cancer, and one medical director in local rural hospital. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


The application of preloading method of vacuum-stack in the construction of soft soil ground is expounded through a specific engineering practice in Shenzhen.The consolidated principle,working procedure,technical requirements,and main poured equipments of this method are introduced.The measuring results have showed that the consolidated effect meets the needs of the engineering design.


Cowpea is an annual legume, rich in protein, which plays a critical role in the lives of millions of people in developing countries. Limited work has been done, especially on the symbiotic efficiency of cowpea against the native soil rhizobia. Therefore, our study was conducted to compare the effect of native rhizobia on nodulation, yield and protein content of eight cultivars and two control varieties in Tarai region of Uttarakhand, India. significant differences were observed among the cultivars tested in all the measured traits. Results of growth analysis indicated that 'PGCP-4' gave the highest number of nodules plant -1 , nodule dry weight and protein content in grain, compared to both control varieties. Highest plant dry weight was recorded in 'Pusa Komal', while the highest grain yield was achieved in 'PGCP-6', followed by 'PGCP-12'. This study hereby recommends 'PGCP-6' and 'PGCP-12' cultivars, as they are more suitable in terms of yield against the rhizobia.


Background: The problems associated with the dosimetry of small fields used in stereotactic radiation therapy can be overcome using a careful choice of dosimeter in which the active


convoluted and prolix style; by the copious end-notes (occupying 57 pages out of 153), addenda, "final addenda", and "final observations"; by the frequent interruption of the argument by whole pages of apparatus criticus on each passage cited; or by the fact that almost 20 pages elapse before the author tells us (§9.6) what he means by "compilation". The author is scrupulous to a fault in examining, every inch of the way, any hypothesis, argument, or counter-argument that might conceivably be raised to bar his progress: progress is consequently slow. One may be excused for wondering whether such a painstaking and laborious approach is really necessary, given the overwhelming probability of his conclusion: that the parts of the text examined are "made up of highly heterogeneous materials borrowed from sundry sources and put together with no change but such as do not affect their substantial disparateness" (p. 1). Two things may be said in its favour. First, the author disposes of the possibility that the text comprises an "original" core plus later accretions (§§9.2ff.). Accretions there may be, but, apparently, no core: the text was from the start a compilation from pre-existing sources. Secondly, certain criteria emerge that are reasonably objective and could presumably be applied to other parts of the text; the distinction between "affinity, concord and development of the argument" as possible relationships between prose passages and embedded verses, for example, is potentially helpful (§8). But if the analysis of a single chapter of the Natyaiastra is so beset with difficulties, it seems unlikely that a comprehensive picture of the structure of the whole text will ever be achieved. Furthermore, one returns to the musical chapters wondering whether the "irreducible disparateness" of materials in the Natyaiastra has not been over-stressed. Certain self-contradictions may occur, but in the musical chapters, however disjointed, incomplete, textually corrupt, and of disparate origins they may be, it is an essentially unified (if multi-layered) system of musical theory that is presented. It remains to be seen whether the analysis of the text of the Natyaiastra will bring us any nearer to knowing how such a system came to be formulated.


This paper describes a automatic video switch is designed to connect one of eight inputs to a common output by control of computer it can be used in all kinds of optical fiber or cable TV-moaitored transmission systems.


Transition zones, specifically embankment structures on railway tracks, are recurrently damaged by high-speed rail traffic, thus producing abrupt variations in the track vertical stiffness. The main objective of this work is to study the implementation of Construction and Demolition (C&D) wastes, specifically Bi-Block (BB) concrete sleepers, to minimize the issues related to the differences in stiffness along the area of the technical landfills, using unconventional environmental solutions. The use of BB wastes can reduce the environmental impacts caused by the construction sector. The studied solutions produce similar stiffness levels to traditional solutions. The Multicriteria Decision Support Methodology for the Relative Sustainability Assessment of Building Technologies (MARS-SC) allows concluding that the studied solutions are more sustainable than the traditional ones.


Based on the daily ground temperature observation data of 5 stations in Shijiazhuang from 1981 to 2010,the characteristics and period of mean shallow layer ground temperature were analyzed.The results show that the fluctuant variability of mean shallow layer ground temperature decreased with soil layer depth increase for all years and seasons,and the fluctuant variability was maximum in spring and minimum in winter.The fluctuant range of mean shallow layer ground temperature decreased with soil layer depth increase for all years and seasons,and the fluctuant range was maximum in summer and minimum in winter.The annual mean shallow layer ground temperature increased with soil layer depth increase,and in spring and summer,mean shallow layer ground temperature decreased with soil layer depth increase,but it increased in autumn and winter.Annual mean shallow layer ground temperature presented increasing trend with an obvious warming trend in winter.There were nine to ten years period and four to six years period for mean shallow layer ground temperature.


Functional interaction between dynein light chain and intermediate chain is required for mitotic spindle positioning. for Cell Biology under license from the author(s). Two months after publication it is available to the public under an Attribution–Noncommercial–Share Alike 3.0 Unported Creative Commons License


As further experience is gained and data is gathered using direct Phase Measurement Interferometry (PMI) techniques in the production of leading edge lithography lenses, some progress is being made towards the goal of assigning specific image degradation symptoms to specific types of aberration content. However, since both the specific object being imaged and the illumination distribution being applied to the projection will define the spatial frequency content of a given image, any attempt at analyzing aberration sensitivity must also address these constraints. The paper summarizes the results of image simulation studies, wherein the through-focus aerial image intensity distribution is initially described by a set of metrics and coefficients. These íºimaging metricsí¿ (for example, curvature or tilt of CD vs. Focus functional representation) are then directly correlated to various types of aberration content, as represented through Zernike coefficients. Some types of imaging responses are seen to correlate to specific aberrations, while others do not. A method for specifying and identifying threshold levels of 'influencing aberration' are determined from the sensitivity studies executed. In particular, the imaging of alternating phase shift mask patterns in the region of half-(lambda) will be investigated.


We consider the projected semidefinite and Euclidean distance cones onto a subset of the matrix entries. These two sets are precisely the input data defining feasible semidefinite and Euclidean distance completion problems. We classify when these sets are closed and use the boundary structure of these two sets to elucidate the Krislock--Wolkowicz facial reduction algorithm. In particular, we show that under a chordality assumption, the "minimal cones" of these problems admit combinatorial characterizations. As a by-product, we record a striking relationship between the complexity of the general facial reduction algorithm (singularity degree) and facial exposedness of conic images under a linear mapping.


Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) has become a common means for predicting key forest structural attributes, but comparisons of alternative statistical methods and the spatial extent of LiDAR metrics extraction on independent datasets have been minimal. The primary objective of this study was to assess the performance of local and non-local LiDAR aboveground biomass (AGB) prediction models at two locations in the Acadian Forest. Two common statistical techniques, nonlinear mixed effects (NLME) and random forest (RF), were used to fit the prediction models and compared. Finally, this study evaluated the influence of alternative plot radii for LiDAR metrics extraction on model fit and prediction accuracy. AGB models were independently developed at each forest and tested both locally (model applied to same forest used for development) and non-locally (model applied to different forest) using an extensive network of ground-based plots. In general, RF was found to outperform NLME when applied locally, but the differences between the approaches were negligible when applied to the non-local dataset. NLME was found to perform equally well locally and non-locally. LiDAR extraction radius had very little influence on model performance as well. Minimal differences between models developed using fixed- and variable-radius methods were found, while the optimal LiDAR extraction radius was not consistent among forests, statistical technique, or local vs. non-local. Overall, the results highlight the importance of a robust calibration dataset that covers the full range of observed variation for developing accurate prediction models based on remote sensing data.


A multikilogram-scale synthesis of l-lyxonolactone-2,3-O-isopropylidene is reported. It proceeds efficiently from an optimized, large-scale, aqueous bromine oxidation of d-ribose to d-ribonolactone including a one-pot isopropylidene formation, and subsequent conversion of the d-ribonolactone-2,3-O-isopropylidene to l-lyxonolactone-2,3-O-isopropylidene via the derived C5-mesylate and intramolecular relactonization of the product of aqueous potassium hydroxide cleavage of the d-ribonolactone ring. The inversion of configuration at the C4-chiral center is understood in terms of an intermediating C4−C5-epoxide. The overall process is noteworthy for its operational simplicity, stereochemical integrity, and use of inexpensive chemicals.


The propagation of an intense sinusoidal pulse laser beam, in a preformed plasma channel having a parabolic density profile, is analyzed. Considering a nonparaxial, nonlinear wave equation and using a variational technique, simultaneous equations describing the evolution of laser spot and pulse length are obtained. Numerical methods are used to study the effect of pulse length variation on betatron oscillations of the laser spot size as it propagates in the plasma channel. Approximate conditions for propagation of the laser pulse with a constant spot size and pulse length (matched beam propagation) are obtained.


The interaction of gallamine and pancuronium with tubocurarine (tbc) as well as the comparative neuromuscular-blocking action of tbc, gallamine, and pancuronium during morphine-nitrous oxide (N2O)-oxygen (O2) anesthesia were investigated. Gallamine gave the fastest onset and recovery of blockade while pancuronium produced the greatest and longest-lasting action. Pancuronium appeared to be from six to seven times as potent as tbc at above-average dosage levels and with morphine-N2O-O2 anesthesia. Both the magnitude of block and duration of action of gallamine and pancuronium were significantly greater after prior tbc administration.


Soybean[Glycine max(L.)Merr.]is a short-day crop that favors temperate weather.There have been a lot of studies on the responses to photoperiod,temperature or photothermal comprehensive regimes in soybean.However,little work has been conducted in the interactive effects of photoperiod and temperature on the development of soybean.To fully understand the photothermal responses of soybean and to identify the varietal variations in these traits,we designed two photoperiodic treatments of 12 h(short day or SD)and 16 h(long day or LD)integrated with two thermal conditions,i.e.high temperature(HT)(summer seeding in Beijing)and low temperature(LT)(spring seeding)in the current study.In 2007,the responses to the photoperiod,temperature,and photoperiod-temperature combinations of 10 spring sowing soybean varieties(lines)from the Northeast and 18 summer sowing varieties(lines)from Yellow-Huai-Hai River Valleys of China were identified in 4 photothermal regimes(LD+LT, LD+HT,SD+LT,SD+HT).In 2008,50 varieties(lines)were used to test the photoperiodic responses.The results showed that SD promoted the developmental rate of soybean regardless of the temperature conditions;HT shortened the number of the days from emergence to flowering no matter whether the photoperiod was long or short.There was significant interaction between temperature and photoperiod from emergence to flowering.With the increase of temperature,the promotive effect of SD on developmental rate of soybean was enhanced,and the HT hastening effect was strengthened by SD as well.The apparent differences in pho- toperiod response sensitivity(PRS),temperature response sensitivity(TRS)and photothermal comprehensive response sensitivity (PTCRS)between ecotypes were observed.The above three indices of spring sowing soybean varieties from the Northeast were all lower than those of summer sowing varieties from Yellow-Huai-Hai River Valleys.However,the differences between TRSvalues under the two photoperiod treatments and that between PRS values under the two temperature conditions in spring sowing soybean varieties from the Northeast were both larger than those in summer sowing varieties from the Valleys,and it indicated that there was higher photoperiod×temperature interaction in the spring sowing varieties.The relationship between photothermal responses of soybean varieties and their ecological adaptability was discussed,and it was proposed that,in breeding program, emphasis should be paid not only on the identification of responses of soybean varieties to the individual photoperiod or tempera- ture factor but also on the photothermal interaction.


Monthly mean precipitable water data obtained from passive microwave radiometry are correlated with the NMC blended sea surface temperature data. It is shown that the monthly mean water vapor content of the atmosphere above the oceans can generally be prescribed from the sea surface temperature with a standard deviation of 0.36 gcm -2. The form of the relationship between precipitable water and sea surface temperature in the range Ts > 18°C also resembles that predicted from simple arguments based on the Clausius-Clapeyron relationship. The annual cycle of the globally integrated mass of SMMR water vapor is shown to differ from analyses of other water vapor data in both phase and amplitude and these differences point to a significant influence of the continents on water vapor. Regional scale analyses of water vapor demonstrate that monthly averaged water vapor data, when contrasted with the bulk sea surface temperature relationship developed in this study, reflect various known characteristics of the time mean largescale circulation over the oceans. A water vapor parameter is introduced to highlight the effects of large-scale motion on atmospheric water vapor. Based on the magnitude of this parameter, it is shown that the effects of large-scale flow on precipitable water vapor are regionally dependent, but for the most part, the influence of circulation is generally less than about =t=20_ of the seasonal


The invention relates to a method for preparing luminescent carbon dots from glycerin. The glycerin based carbon dots prepared by the invention can be used for biological imaging technology and analysis to determine the content of metal ions. The method for preparing luminescent carbon dots from glycerin is as below: heating the glycerol to a certain temperature, slowly dropwise adding concentrated sulfuric acid while stirring, reacting for a certain time, filtering, washing, and removing superfluous sulfuric acid to obtain a glycerin based solid carbon material; and further carrying out alkali dissolution and reaction or ethanol extraction to obtain the glycerin based luminescent carbon dot. The preparation method has the advantages of simple operation, high yield and easiness for preparation of a large amount of carbon dots, and can satisfy the requirement of using glycerin based luminescent carbon dot.


Impedance-based stability analysis is appealing in the case of Single-Input Single-Output (SISO) systems. However, in the case of grid-tied voltage source converter (VSC) systems, dq impedances of source and load (VSC) subsystems are typically Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) systems in which case the Generalized Nyquist Criterion (GNC) is required for analyzing the closed loop stability, which increases the complexity of the analysis. This paper explores further the coupling between positive and negative sequence impedances, in particular the dependency and bindings between them. It shows that the couplings in each subsystem can be compounded into two non-coupled sequence impedances if the source and load subsystems are viewed as an integrated system instead of as two separate subsystems. Therefore, two decoupled SISO systems are obtained which are defined as Augmented Sequence Impedance Networks (ASIN). The stability analysis of the closed loop system is performed directly on the ASIN with the principal of Argument. Both numerical and time domain verifications are presented.


Combining with the facts in ethical universities, This paper analyses current situation of experimental teaching for economic and management specialty, proposes the reforming plans and measures from the aspects of experimental teaching reform ideas, teaching contents, construction of laboratory, method of inspection, teaching innovation and so on. Finally, this paper introduces the achievements of experimental teaching reform in South-Central University for Nationalities.


Narcotics abuse is a serious problem experienced by various countries including Indonesia. The proliferation of narcotics trafficking among students has become increasingly alarming by making students the target of narcotics syndicates networks. The concern about the circulation of Narcotics among students must be anticipated immediately considering that students are the next generation of the Nation. Juridical empirical approach method. The implementation of the prevention of narcotics crime among students in its development has not been able to run effectively this is because the circulation of narcotics among students with target consumers of fellow students uses social media networking facilities via the internet which is the result of advances in information and communication technology as well as overcoming the circulation of narcotics crime is divided into : primary, before abuse occurs, or known as a preventive function. Usually in the form of education, dissemination of information about the dangers of drugs, approaches through the family, etc. In carrying out this function, the efforts that must be made by the government include regular outreach, establishment of supervisory institutions, forming laws and regulations in various forms, and even establishing international cooperation both bilaterally, regionally and multilaterally.


SNR(Signal-to-Noise Ratio) is an important parameter in modern communication signal processing,and many algorithms need this information to obtain optimal performance.A new blind SNR estimation algorithm is proposed for signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) estimation over single-input multiple-output(SIMO) system in this paper.The new SIMO SNR estimation technique is based on singular-value decomposition(SVD) of received signal covariance matrix,by computing the maximum eigenvalue of the matrix to estimate SNR.The algorithm can estimate the SNR of digital modulation signals commonly used in additional white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channels and multipath channels without prior information of the modulation type.The simulation results show that this algorithm offers excellent performance.Compared with the SVD-based method in single-input single-output(SISO) system,the proposed algorithm can enhance the estimating accuracy without computing the dimensions of signal and noise space,and achieve estimations with a small computational complexity.


Traditional folk media have a remarkable impact on the rural society because of their acceptable idioms, functional significance and entertainment component. The present study was conducted in Pali district in Marwar region in Rajasthan state. For the purpose of this study, four villages namely Khetawas, Roopawas, Hemawas and Sodawas were purposively selected in which traditional media shows were performed regularly. Using random sampling method, forty viewers each from all villages were selected. Only five traditional media namely Tamasa, Bhajan, Kirtan, Kathputali and Gorbandh were studied. The most liked traditional media was Tamasa due to its lively performance and story contents based on current topics. Overall first preference for items on traditional media was given to social themes followed by patriotic songs. The major reasons attributed to declining trends all traditional media were poor presentation of folk artists followed by easy availability of variety of programmes on television. The artists were encouraged during the show for good performance by clapping and rewarding money. Quality of performances needs to improve through proper training through established music and dance schools which are virtually non-existant at the moment. There is need to give financial support, incentives and training if we want these arts to be conserved and promoted.


The objective was to analyze the influence of the dimensions of national culture (individualism and uncertainty avoidance) in the relationship between the choice of capital structure formation and the performance of companies in the G20 countries from 2013 to 2018, all in the industrial segment. The companies and countries that make up the sample, which totaled 3,431 companies with all countries and 14,743 observations. The analyzes were performed by econometric structural equations. The results showed a significant and positive relationship between the capital structure and the performance of companies. In evaluating the interaction between the capital structure variable and the cultural dimension of individualism and uncertainty avoidance, they were positively and statistically significant in the performance of companies, proving that culture has an influence on the relationship between structure and performance. Finally, emerging and developed markets were checked separately, demonstrating that in emerging markets the relationship of structure with performance to culture moderation was less affected by national culture (individualism and uncertainty avoidance) than in relation to developed countries.


Weed competition is a serious limitation to field pea (Pisum sativum L.) production. Trials were conducted in northeastern Saskatchewan to determine the effects of field pea growth habit, stand density and herbicide treatments on weed growth and on field pea stand and yield. Century, a long-stem leafy type, Tipu, a long-stem semi-leafless type, and Express, a short-stem leafy type, were seeded at 6, 12, 25, 50 and 100 seeds m−2. Some of each cultivar was unsprayed sprayed with a sethoxydim-metribuzin tank-mix for control of grass and broadleaf weeds. Field pea growth habit (cultivar) did not affect number of weeds, but increasing stand density (seed rate) reduced weed numbers in all 3 yr. Express reduced above-ground dry matter production of broadleaf weeds in 1988 and 1991. Increasing seed rate reduced above-ground dry matter production of weeds in all 3 yr. Field pea yield increased with increasing seed rate to a rate between 50 and 100 seeds m−2. Herbicide application reduced weed dry matter production...


Objective: There are no standard surgical methods for planned ventral hernia (PVH). This paper discusses the possibility of using "open components separation + underlay repair using biological mesh" as a preferred surgical method for PVH. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of PVH patients who received open components separation and underlay repair using biological mesh. Results: Five PVH patients underwent this surgical method from June 2014 to April 2015. All patients were males with an average age of 43.6 ± 17.3 years, body mass index (BMI) of 23.1 ± 2.3 kg/m2, and skin graft width of 15-17 cm. Four patients received a sliding myofascial flap of bilateral musculus rectus abdominis + underlay repair with biological mesh (Biodesign®, Cook Medical, Inc., Bloomington, IN, USA), and 1 patient received a sliding myofascial flap of unilateral musculus rectus abdominis + underlay repair with biological mesh. There was one case of incisional infection and 1 case of abdominal sinus formation 2 weeks after discharge. Both patients were cured using vacuum sealing draining (VSD) for 4 to 5 months without removal of the biological meshes. Five patients were followed up in an outpatient clinic after discharge, and the follow-up time ranged from 13 to 23 months. Abdominal incisions healed well, and abdominal computed tomography (CT) indicated no hernia recurrence in all patients. Conclusions: The "open components separation + underlay repair using biological mesh" method is a safe and feasible treatment method for PVH with good outcomes.


Low back pain (LBP) is a major social and economic problem. The prevalence of acute and chronic LBP in adults has doubled in the last decade and continues to grow rapidly in both men and women. LBP has a significant impact on the functional activity as it limits certain kinds of professional activity and is one of the main causes of disability. Given this, the diagnostic evaluation of patients with LBP can be very complex and requires special clinical decisions. When answering the questions about the causes of pain, choosing among several structures, which potentially involved in the formation of LBP, the key factors of this disease should be taken into account, because the wrong diagnosis can lead to therapeutic errors. Based on practical guidelines for the management of LBP, most international experts believe mandatory to use for LBP relief nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, which have strong analgesic effect and a strong anti-inflammatory action. We have analyzed a large number of clinical studies that confirm the effectiveness of lornoxicam and its benefits in the treatment of acute pain.


In general, the current crack modelling methods can be classified into two broad categories of geometrical and non-geometrical presentations. In the first category, the presence of a crack in the model is explicit and the geometry and mesh are changed during the crack growth [1, 2]. In the second category, the crack does not appear in the model as a physical object but its presence affects the governing equations. These effects are either on the stressstrain constitutive equations or on the strain-displacement kinematic equations. The latter approach is implemented in the Extended Finite Element Method (XFEM) by adding extra functions (enrichment functions) to the approximation space of the elements around the crack. This process gives additional degrees of freedom to the enriched nodes. This method, which was established based on the Partition of Unity Method (PUM) and applied to fracture mechanics problems by Belytschko and Black [3], was improved by Dolbow for crack growth modelling without re-meshing [4]. The method was later applied to other problems such as 3D fracture [5], dynamic problems [6], cohesive crack modelling [7], fracture mechanics of functionally graded materials (FGM) [8], and crack modelling in orthotropic materials [9]. A very recent review of the usage of the XFEM in computational fracture mechanics is reported in ref. [10]. Applications of the XFEM to plates and shells have been reported by Dolbow et al [11] for MindlinReissner plates and by Areias et al [12, 13] for shells. Nevertheless, the focus of the current study is on the XFEM formulation based on the Kirchhoff plate theory [14], which is the simplest approach to the out-of-plane fracture problems. This approach can give accurate results for thin plates without the complications due to shear locking. In sequel a new set of Tip functions are extracted from analytical solutions of Kirchhoff plates [15, 16]. Accordingly, different enrichment schemes are implemented for constant strain triangle (CST) and quadrilateral (Q4) elements and the stress intensity factors (SIF) for several benchmark problems are calculated using the J-Integral and the Interaction Integral methods.


Abstract A cDNA encoding a matrix metalloproteinase-related protein has been cloned from a porcine ovary cDNA library. This putative protein comprises 119 amino acid residues, and exhibits sequence similarity with the NH2-terminal half of rat matrilysin with 264 amino acid residues. A porcine ovary matrilysin cDNA clone was also isolated and characterized. A structural comparison of the matrilysin-related protein with porcine matrilysin suggests that both proteins are the products of the same gene. To further clarify their relationship, PCR amplification was carried out using porcine genomic DNA with two appropriate primers. The sequence analysis of a resulting 3.5kb PCR product revealed that a processing step involving internal exons of the gene produces the matrilysin-related protein. Relative amounts of the two distinct mRNAs in the porcine ovary were estimated by the competitive PCR method. The levels of mRNA for the matrilysin-related protein were approximately 4% of the wild-type matrilysin. The results indicate that the matrilysin-related protein is specifically expressed in the porcine ovary.


To improve reliability of crowbar systems and high current, high voltage non-repetitive solid-state switches, some designs based on thyristor technology are presented. Reason to go for solid state is to improve the reliability level, which cannot be obtained with gas discharge switches. A comparison between both technologies is given. Reliability is especially important to Electron Beam Dump systems and Capacitor Bank safety systems. This presentation describes the specification, electrical- and mechanical design on crowbar switches for 52 kV dc/ 1.5 kA, 30 kV dc/25 kA and 21 kV dc/200 kA. Also a multichip device 13.5 kV dc /140 kA for high di/dt discharge applications will be introduced.


Economic analyses are typical methods based on time-series data or cross-section data. Economic systems are complex because they involve human behaviors and are affected by many factors. When a system includes such uncertainty, as those concerning human behaviors, a fuzzy system approach plays a pivotal role in such analysis. In this paper, we propose a fuzzy autocorrelation model with confidence intervals of fuzzy random time-series data. This confidence intervals has an essential role in dealing with fuzzy random data on our fuzzy autocorrelation model which we have presented. We analyze tick-by-tick data of stock dealing and compare two time-series models, a fuzzy autocorrelation model proposed by us, and a new fuzzy time-series model which we propose in this paper.


The practical teaching method is proposed based on the comprehensive training, applies virtual sandbox in practical teaching of mechanical engineering project management, and makes detailed researches on the advantages of virtual sandbox applied in project management as well as design of practical teaching system, in order to improve the practical ability on project management of students in major of mechanical engineering; it is shown from the results that the method is capable of effectively helping students strengthening vocational skills under teaching mode of comprehensive training and enhancing their overall quality and practical ability.


Objective: This article aimed to analyze Brazilian scientific productions about the workings of public policies aimed at labor and delivery of women in public health care services. Method: This was an integrative review of the following databases and portals: SciELO, BDENF, Lilacs, and the Capes Periodical Portal. Articles published between July 2011 and December 2018, both in Portuguese and English, were included. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 51 articles were evaluated based on their titles and abstracts, and of these, 30 were selected, which were then fully analyzed. Finally, eight articles remained. Results: The analysis yielded three categories: the performance of health professionals, impasses of the Stork Network policy, and the health network and care provided to women. Discussion: Health professional work to build a powerful and accessible network for pregnant and postpartum women. Conclusion: the organization of the Stork Network still has organizational and structural gaps in relation to good practices in prenatal care and childbirth. Descriptors: Maternal-Child Health Services; Women's Health; Health Care


Friction stir welding was invented at Welding institute, United Kingdom in the year 1991 and has ever since been proved to be one of the best solid state joining methods for materials such as aluminium and magnesium. Some of the aluminium alloys which are not able to weld (Al-Cu, Al-Zn-Mg alloy) by fusion welding techniques, which produce defects and reduce the mechanical properties on the weld nugget could be welded using friction stir welding (FSW) successfully with excellent joint efficiencies. However effect of the process parameters on the properties of weldment have not been investigated fully. In this study, 5mm thick plates of aluminium alloys AA2024 (4.4%Cu, 0.6%Mn, 1.6%Mg) and AA7075 (2.5%Mg, 1.4%Cu, 0.2%Cr, 5.6%Zn) is selected for investigation. The FSW welding process was conducted on varying the welding process parameters such as tool rotation speed (RPM), welding speed (mm/min) and tool pin profile by keeping downward force (kN) constant. The properties such as defects, macro and microstructure, micro hardness, tensile and bend behavior on welded plates were studied. Sixteen sets of butt welds were produced using straight and tapered cylindrical with left hand threaded FSW tool pins. It has been found out that defect free weld could be produced with the help of tapered cylindrical with left hand threaded tool pin with tool rotation speed of 600 RPM, welding speed of 30 mm/min and downward force of 2.5 kN


A guide jig for an assembly plate 1 for assembling a wire harness has a support sheath 22 extending through the assembly plate, a guide lever 21 axially movably inserted in the support sheath and a support plate 26 secured to the support sheath 22, below the assembly plate. The guide lever 21 can be held in its pulled-up position, unrotatably relative to the support sheath 22 by a non-circular cross-section of the lever 21 and sheath 22. The support plate protrudes below the assembly plate 1 by a smaller length than hitherto.


The integral formula of dual Lp-geominimal surface area is given and the concept of dual Lp-geominimal surface area is extended to dual Lp-mixed geominimal surface area. Properties for the dual Lp-mixed geominimal surface areas are established. Some inequalities, such as analogues of Alexandrov-Fenchel inequalities, Blaschke-Santaló inequalities, and affine isoperimetric inequalities for dual Lp-mixed geominimal surface areas, are also obtained.


Abstract : Psychodid sand flies in the subfamily Phlebotominae are medically important, hematophagus insects which are widely distributed and often abundant in the tropics. About 550 species in six genera are known with over half occurring in the New World. The literature on Phlebotominae is widely scattered and consists mainly of species descriptions. Major revisions or faunal works are generally outdated. In preparation for an illustrated key to the anthropophilic species in the Western Hemisphere, an up to date checklist and distribution of the American species is provided. These species, known to feed on man are indicated in the list. Collections of Phlebotomines in Northern Brazil yielded 45 species. A checklist of the Brazilian species with intracountry distributional records is given. Descriptions of three new Phlebotomines from Colombia were published in order to make their names available for a forthcoming review of the Colombian species. (Modified author abstract)


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore various dimensions of quality of work‐life (QWL) as it affects the life and attitude at work of teachers of private universities in Lahore, Pakistan.Design/methodology/approach – The study was quantitative in nature. A survey was conducted with 360 faculty members from private universities in Lahore, in order to find out their perceptions of QWL, and its spill‐over effect on employee commitment, engagement, job involvement and reputation of the university.Findings – It was found that perceived value of work, work climate, work‐life balance and satisfaction with relationships in life were the major factors which shaped work attitudes and employee perceptions of overall quality of work‐life.Research limitations/implications – The data were cross‐sectional, collected at one point in time and relatively small in size. The responses are limited to private organizations, excluding public universities.Originality/value – The study makes both a scholarly and pract...


Introduction to infections infections of the respiratory tract, middle ear, and eyes localized skin and tissue infections infections of the gastrointestinal tract infections of abdominal organs infections of the nervous system infections with generalized rash septicaemia and shock fever, tuberculosis, brucellosis, and Q fever infections of the genital tract infection in pregnancy and neonates infections in the immunocompromised subject infection-related illnesses imported infections infection in the tropics prevention of infection - immunization and advice to travellers epidemiology in action specific drug treatment of pathogens infection and the laboratories.


The high sampling rate of the power quality detection will produce large amounts of data in a long time. It's inconvenient for data transmission and storage. The technology of power quality compression is increasingly important. An enhanced method which based on wavelet is applied to the compression of power quality detective data is proposed in this paper. The compression of fault data from different type is performed by Matlab. The algorithm is realizable and has a good performance.


Objectives Examine the independent and joint associations of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and body mass index (BMI) with the prevalence of diverticulitis in older adults. Methods 476 older adults (61% Female; 71 ± 5 years) with no history of myocardial infarction, stroke, cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, or diabetes were included in this cross-sectional study. Diverticulitis cases were identified by self-reported physician diagnosis from the medical history questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the prevalence of diverticulitis by tertiles of CRF and BMI category. CRF and BMI were further dichotomized into either "unfit" (the lowest one-third of CRF), "fit" (the upper two-thirds of CRF), "overweight/obese" (BMI ≥25.0 kg/m2), or "normal-weight" (BMI <25.0 kg/m2) to investigate the joint association of CRF and BMI with diverticulitis. Results Thirty-five (7.4%) participants were identified as having diverticulitis. Compared with the lowest CRF tertile, the ORs (95% CIs) of diverticulitis were 0.52 (0.22–1.22) and 0.33 (0.12–0.94) in the middle and upper CRF tertiles, respectively, after adjusting for potential confounders. After further adjustment for BMI, the association was no longer significant with ORs (95% CIs) of 0.55 (0.23–1.33) and 0.37 (0.12–1.10) in middle and upper CRF tertiles, respectively. Compared with the normal-weight group, the ORs (95% CIs) of diverticulitis were 2.86 (1.05–7.79) and 2.98 (0.95–9.35) in the overweight and obese groups, respectively, after adjusting for possible confounders and CRF. Compared with the "unfit and overweight/obese" group in the joint analysis, the OR (95% CI) of diverticulitis was 0.16 (0.04–0.61) in the "fit and normal-weight" group. Conclusions Older adults who maintain higher CRF and lower BMI may have significantly lower odds of diverticulitis, with the lowest odds found in the normal-weight and fit older adults.


Broadband microwave transmission and receiving modules are the core components of radar and electronic Countermeasure (ECM) systems. In order to meet requirement of small size and light weight, a generalized broadband Sip package for microwave transceiver module of radar and ECM system has been developed. It has the advantages of miniaturization, lightweight and high reliability. Performance of the generalized broadband Sip package is tested. Results show that it has a broadband operation frequency covering S, C, X and Ku band. Transmission loss of the generalized Sip package is less than 3dB at 18 GHz and reflection standing wave ratio (SWR) between 2 GHz and 18 GHz is less than 2.


The unmanned tiltrotor aircraft has many flying advantages, in the meantime it brings some new problems. In order to improve the flight stability of the UAV, the simulation of flight control law reconstruction was designed based on the multi-model adaptive control theory for actuator failure. Using the principle of small disturbance, the linear model of the UAV was established. Aiming at several typical actuator failures, the reconfigurable control strategy was designed. The classical PID control method was used to design the control law structure. Simulation results show that the proposed reconfiguration control strategy can be used in unmanned tiltrotor aircraft, which has good fault-tolerant effects and can significantly improve the safety of aircraft performance.