Different designs of injection and restriction devices for capillary supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) have been investigated with respect to their practical applicability and usefulness for reproducible and accurate qualitative and quantitative analyses. In combination with a self-made instrument a fast switching valve is preferable as an injection device compared to a split-injector, and an integral restrictor made from the end of the fused silica (FS) separation column was superior to a linear restrictor made by coupling a small diameter FS-column to the separation column.


Objective Protobothrops mucrosquamatus, a Crotalinae snake with haemorrhagic venom, is responsible for the most common poisoning snakebites in Taiwan. Although a specific antivenin has been developed to treat this snakebite, surgical intervention is still needed in some patients because of the progression of tissue injury. Early risk stratification is important to identify the early signs of need for surgery. The purpose of this study was to investigate the early predictors for surgery in patients with P. mucrosquamatus envenomation. Methods The medical records of inpatients with P. mucrosquamatus envenomation between 2008 and 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical information was collected and analysed between surgical and nonsurgical patients. Results A total of 60 patients with P. mucrosquamatus envenomation, including 8 surgical patients (13.3%) and 52 non-surgical patients (86.7%), presented to the emergency department during the study period. Compartment syndrome (62.5%) and tissue necrosis (37.5%) were the main reasons for surgery. Comparison between surgical and non-surgical patients showed significantly higher white blood cell count (17.1 × 103/μL vs. 8.5 × 103/μL; p=0.002) and peak D-dimer level (1924.8 ng/mL vs. 730.0 ng/mL; p=0.006) in the surgical group. Ecchymosis (p=0.009), haemorrhagic bulla formation (p=0.002), leukocytosis (p=0.002), elevated peak D-dimer level (>1000 ng/mL) (p=0.005), and rhabdomyolysis (creatine kinase level >1000 IU/L) (p=0.007) were the significant signs relevant to surgery. On multivariate analysis, leukocytosis and ecchymosis were the most significant predictors of surgery in patients with P. mucrosquamatus envenomation. Conclusions Patients with P. mucrosquamatus envenomation presenting with leukocytosis and wound ecchymosis will have a high probability of requiring surgical therapy. (Hong Kong j.emerg.med. 2016;23:210-219)


The invention discloses a printing process for a positive electrode structure of a crystal silicon solar battery. The printing process is used for preparing the positive electrode structure of the crystal silicon solar battery, and the positive electrode comprises main grids and auxiliary grids, wherein the main grids and the auxiliary grids are separately printed in twice; silver paste A is adopted to print the main grids, silver paste B is adopted to print the auxiliary grids, and the silver content of silver paste A is lower than that of silver paste B. Correspondingly, the invention further discloses the positive electrode structure of the crystal silicon solar battery prepared by adopting the printing process. By the adoption of the printing process, the defect that the positive electrode is prepared by wholly adopting expensive high-performance silver paste is avoided, the printing cost of the solar battery is lowered, and the electrical property of the solar battery is prevented from being reduced.


IN T RO DU C T IO N Traditional Medicines are known for being comprised of extremely complex elements that can include a variety of plants, extracts, minerals, and animal parts. The critical foundation for their effectiveness originates from the chemical ingredients of their raw herbal materials. In a related application note, we have described how to efficiently identify chemical ingredients from samples with known plants by utilizing the Natural Products Application Solution with UNIFI and its Traditional Medicine Library. For this type of analysis, a researcher only needs to import the compounds associated with the known plants from the Traditional Medicine Library, and use them as search targets to compare with the acquired data. The result is a list of identified components that can be used for further verification. The workflow has a straightforward strategy and its analytical procedure contains simple steps.


A polysaccharide or polyvinyl alcohol containing a mixture of nitrite ester groups with sulfate or nitrate ester groups with the mixture of ester groups being substantially uniformly distributed among the polymer units of the polysaccharide or polyvinyl alcohol. A nitrite ester of a polysaccharide alcohol having a degree of substitution of less than about 2.0. A nitrite ester of polyvinyl alcohol having a degree of substitution of 1.0 or less.


Three dimensional structure of nearshore currents is obtained by detailed measurements of velocity by Fiber-LDV using a plane wave tank. Vertical distribution of cross-shore velocity is similar to sum of uniform flow and velocity distribution of two dimensional wave flume. Vertical distribution of longshore velocity is nearly uniform flow. Velocity measurements of the upper reaches of trough level of wave are important, because vertical distribution of velocity changes rapidly at the nearly trough level.


Objective
To explore the effects of death education combined with humanistic nursing on mental state and quality of life of family members of terminal cancer patients so as to provide clinical data and basis for spreading hospitalpice.

Methods
From September 2015 to January 2018, we selected 110 patients with stage Ⅲ or Ⅳ cancer and 110 their immediate family members (selecting one family member of one patient) of Oncology Department at the First People's Hospital of Shangqiu as subjects by convenience sampling. All of the subjects were divided into control group (n=49) and intervention group (n=61) with the method of the random number table. Family members of control group received routine nursing. On the basis of that in control group, family members of intervention group were treated with death education combined with humanistic nursing for two months. All of family members were evaluated with the Profile of Mood States (POMS) , Relatives Stress Scale (RSS) and WHO Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) to compare the negative mental state, mental stress and quality of life of patients' family members before and after intervention.

Results
Before intervention, there were no statistical differences in the scores of POMS, RSS and WHOQOL-BREF of family members between two groups (P>0.05) . After intervention, the scores of six sub-scales of POMS, dimension scores and total score of RSS and scores of four dimension of WHOQOL-BREF all improved compared with those before intervention with statistical differences (P<0.05) . After intervention, the scores of tension-anxiety (TA) , depression-dejection (DD) , anger-hostility (AH) , fatigue-inertia (FI) and confusion-bewilderment (CB) of POMS, psychological distress, life disruption and negative emotions and the total score of RSS in intervention group were lower than those in control group; the scores of four dimensions (physiology, psychology, social relations and environment) in WHOQOL-BREF of intervention group were higher than those of control group with statistical differences (P<0.05) .

Conclusions
Death education combined with humanistic nursing can relieve the negative mental state and mental stress of family members of terminal cancer patients, which helps to improving family members' quality of life.

Key words:
Neoplasms; Quality of life; Death education; Humanistic nursing; Patients; Family; Psychology


The structure of quenched isotactic polypropylene (iPP) films, including samples etched with fuming nitric acid (FNA), has been studied by infrared (IR) spectra, wide-angle x-ray diffraction (WAXD), small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements. The changes of IR, SAXS, DSC, and WAXD results induced by annealing for etched samples have been compared with those for unetched ones. The IR absorbance spectrum of the quenched iPP etched by FNA did not change. In addition, the SAXS intensity did not increase when these samples were annealed, indicating that the total (IR) crystallinity (i.e., the content of chain segments in the helical conformations) of the etched samples does not increase. However, WAXD patterns of the samples changed in a manner similar to those of the unetched one, from the original two blurred diffraction peaks to the sharp crystal patterns of alpha-form iPP, suggesting that the mesomorphic (or liquid crystal-like) phase has reorganized to alpha-form crystals. It is concluded that the change of WAXD of quenched iPP films during annealing results mainly from transformation of order in the mesomorphic phase, rather than only from an increase of crystal size. In other words, mesomorphic-form iPP is not constituted by any known crystals (such as alpha or beta crystals) in small sizes; its WAXD pattern reflects truly the degree of order in the mesomorphic phase.


The study presented in this paper is among the first in a series of studies toward the engineering validation of the hybrid broadband ground-motion simulation methodology by Graves and Pitarka (2010). This paper provides a statis- tical comparison between seismic demands of single degree of freedom (SDoF) systems subjected to past events using simulations and actual recordings. A number of SDoF systems are selected considering the following: (1) 16 oscillation periods between 0.1 and 6 s; (2) elastic case and four nonlinearity levels, from mildly inelastic to severely inelastic systems; and (3) two hysteretic behaviors, in particular, nondegrading-nonevolutionary and degrading-evolutionary. Demand spectra are de- rived in terms of peak and cyclic response, as well as their statistics for four historical earthquakes: 1979 Mw 6.5 Imperial Valley, 1989 Mw 6.8 Loma Prieta, 1992 Mw 7.2 Landers, and 1994 Mw 6.7 Northridge. The results of this study show that both elastic and inelastic demands from simu- lated and recorded motions are generally similar. However, for some structural sys- tems, the inelastic response to simulated accelerograms may produce median demands that appear different from those obtained using corresponding recorded motions. The magnitude of such differences depends on the SDoF period, the nonlinearity level, and, to a lesser extent, the hysteretic model used. In the case of peak response, these dis- crepancies are likely due to differences in the spectral shape, while the differences in terms of cyclic response can be explained by some integral parameters of ground motion (i.e., duration-related). Moreover, the intraevent standard deviation values of structural demands calculated from the simulations are generally lower than those given by recorded ground motions, especially at short periods. The assessment of the results using formal statistical hypothesis tests indicates that, in most cases, the dif- ferences found are not significant, increasing the trust in the use of simulated motions for engineering applications.


the lightweight, highly reliable assembly and testing technology of spacecraft cables is an important direction of spacecraft design, production, inspection research and development at home and abroad. Spacecraft cable network is an important hub for connecting spacecraft equipment, and is one of the key factors for the success or failure of spacecraft. With the development of materials, electronic technology and interconnection technology, there is still a lot of room for optimizing the weight of spacecraft cable network. This paper focuses on the lightweight method, typical defects and reliability evaluation technology of special cables for spacecraft.


AbstractPoly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) hollow fiber membranes were prepared via a phase inversion/chemical treatment method, using N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) as solvent, Calcium carbonate as inorganic additive, and water and HCl as coagulation media. Effects of external coagulation bath and bore fluid composition on membrane performance were investigated by using scanning electron microscopy, mechanical properties, porosity, average bubble point pressure, and permeation performance. The results show that: (1) The cross-section morphology of membranes have no significant change, exhibiting a two-layer finger-like structure extended to the middle of the cross-section. (2) The roughness of the external surface increased considerably and the number of the surface pores increased as well when we introduced HCl as the second coagulation. The permeation experiments reveal that acid treatment had no impact on fibers which had precipitated completely. (3) The number and pore size underlying the inner skin laye...


Emotion detection in text plays a crucial role in various applications, such as customer feedback analysis, social media monitoring, or for the analysis of the verbal part of human communication. Deep learning techniques have shown promising results in accurately recognizing and classifying emotions in textual data. This paper describes the approach to categorical emotion detection of the Emotion Hunters team. After a preprocessing phase, a model fine-tuned from AlBERTo together with the ChatGPT APIs was used to address the challenge. The results show that on the out-of-domain test set our approach performed better than on the in-domain one thus showing a good generalization capability.


Asbestos is a proven carcinogen. It can able to exist in fibrous form, and be suspended in atmosphere and water for weeks or months, it constantly causing pollution on a large scale. Therefore, the technology of testing for asbestos in products is particularly important, receiving great attention. In this paper, the method of using a scanning electron microscope with a X-ray diffraction is used to identify the asbestos, and this method is simple, reliable and suitable to be widely applied.


In the title compound, C10H8N2O, the dihedral angle between the aromatic rings is 64.2 (1)° and the bridging C—O—C angle is 119.1 (1)°.


The purpose of this paper is to analyze and document poor households' responses to broader economic change, by reviewing findings of selected country studies (22 studies from 15 countries) conducted under the Poverty Strategy Initiative by UNDP. Surprinsingly, households of a very heterogenous group of countries are reacting in a very similar way. Households have responded to worsening economic conditions through labour intensification practices, relying on their main existing asset, i.e., their labor force. Along with these practices household responses have also included other practices that are usually left out of mainstream poverty assessments: cutting consumption, "eating-up" savings, selling household assets, and restricted social exchange. Adjustment and restructuring processes are taking place at the household level leading to greater vulnerability. This paper also examines the limitations of the survival strategies approach.


ABSTRACT This introductory article foregrounds the articles in this special issue, "Professional–Collector Collaboration: Global Challenges and Solutions," complementing the special issue "Professional–Collector Collaboration Moving beyond Debate to Best Practice," also published in Advances in Archaeological Practice. The articles that we introduce here cover examples and case studies from European settings such as Norway, the Czech Republic, England, Wales, Finland, and Belgium—places that have been exploring how to respond to the challenge of working meaningfully with collectors and finders of archaeological artifacts, especially metal detectorists. These are joined by examples from Australia, Mexico, Uruguay, and even the United States, in the context of handling—at first glance—problematic collections originating from elsewhere. The articles are diverse in their settings and the challenges they describe, but they point to the need for participatory and democratic approaches to archaeological heritage and the different publics that engage with it.


The classical Khintchine and Jarńık theorems, generalizations of a consequence of Dirichlet's theorem, are fundamental results in the theory of Diophantine approximation. These theorems are concerned with the size of the set of real numbers for which the partial quotients in their continued fraction expansions grows with a certain rate. Recently it was observed that the growth of product of pairs of consecutive partial quotients in the continued fraction expansion of a real number is associated with improvements to Dirichlet's theorem. In this paper we consider the products of several consecutive partial quotients raised to different powers. Namely, we find the Lebesgue measure and the Hausdorff dimension of the following set:


Quality improvement method for radar image derived in complicated physiographic factors by synthetic aperture radar is described. Improvement is reached by combining of the brightness transformation and the smoothing median filtering. The results of improvement for two radar images are shown. Possibility in principle of real-time radar image processing in complicated physiographic factors is described.


In this paper the kernel density estimation model based on kernel density estimation theories is established for time series of single variable . It belongs to a class of data-driven approach and avoids the form of probability distribution (normal or pm) and the form of dependence (linear or nonlinear) . The model has clear concept and single structure. The model is applied to the stochastic generation of daily discharge time series at single station. The results indicate that the suggested model is suitable for stochastic simulation of hydrology time series.


One of the best preconditions for sufficient monitoring of peat bog ecosystems requires a unique collection, processing, and analysis of spatial data to understand peat bog dynamics. Over two seasons, we sampled groundwater level (GWL), and soil moisture (SM) ground truth data at two diverse locations at the Rokytka Peat bog within the Sumava Mountains, Czechia. These data served as reference data and were modeled with a suite of potential variables derived from digital surface models (DSMs), RGB-, multispectral-, and thermal orthoimages, reflecting topo-morphometry, vegetation, and surface temperature information, generated from drone mapping. We applied 34 predictors to feed the Random forest (RF) algorithm. Predictors selection, hyperparameter tuning, and performance assessment were accompanied using Leave-Location-Out (LLO) spatial Cross-Validation (CV) joined with the forward feature selection (FFS) to overcome overfitting. The spatial CV performance statistics unveiled low (R2 = 0.12) to high (R2 = 0.78) model predictions. Predictor importance was used for model interpretation, where the temperature has proved the be a powerful impact on GWL and SM and significant other predictors' contributions such as Normalized Difference Index (NDVI), Normalized Difference Index (NDI), Enhanced Red-Green-Blue Vegetation Index (ERGBVE), Shape Index (SHP), Green Leaf Index (GLI), Brightness Index (BI), Coloration Index (CI), Redness Index (RI), Primary Colours Hue Index (HI), Overall Hue Index (HUE), SAGA Wetness Index (TWI), Plan Curvature (PlnCurv), Topographic Position Index (TPI), and Vector Ruggedness Measure (VRM). Additionally, we estimated the area of applicability (AOA) by presenting maps where the prediction model was certainly applied and where the predictions were highly uncertain because machine learning (ML) models make predictions far beyond sampling locations without sampling data and having no knowledge about these environments. The AOA method is perfectly suited and unique for decision-making about the best sampling strategy, notably for limited data to circumvent this issue.


Topicality. According to WHO experts estimation, the worldwide prevalence of diabetes mellitus is pandemic, with more than 80 % of patients dying from the fatal effects of diabetic angiopathy. One of the most common complications of diabetes of both types is the formation of chronic wound defects, and eventually gangrene of the lower limbs with the transformation into sepsis, which cases to 3.2 % of deaths against the background of diabetes. Aim. To study  the effect of combined medicine magnesium and pyridoxine on the course of the reparative skin process in rats with experimental insulin resistance. Materials and methods. The study has been carried out in 60 rats males weighing 180-220 g. Experimental insulin resistance in rats was induced under conditions of the hypercaloric diet and intraperitoneal administration of dexamethasone. Studies of the process of skin repair have been performed on models of full-layer stencil and linear cut wounds, as well as determination of carbohydrate metabolism markers and glycosylation products in serum and hemolysate. Results and discussion. The use of pyridoxine in combination with a reparant (retinol acetate) resulted in a significant reduction in wound area as early as 5 day of treatment and effectively reduced the total time of complete epithelialization; and also increased the load under tensiometry, which corresponded to 72.8 % of the reparative activity of this therapeutic scheme. Against the background of the pyridoxine the content of fructosamine and glycosylated hemoglobin also has been significantly reduced, which confirms the antiglycosylative properties of vitamin. Conclusions. Pyridoxine is able to potentiate the wound healing effect of reparants under the insulin resistance due to its antiglycosylation properties. The results of this study allow us to recommend further research of pyridoxine in combination with standard skin repairs in the treatment of wounds in patients with hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus.


The paper describes a generalized knowledge-based tool for diagnosis which is currently being applied to jet engine maintenance. A domain dependent diagnostic tree is created for a particular jet engine by filling in an empty hypothesis frame for each diagnostic node in the tree. The knowledge in the tree is reasoned about using a generalized and explicit reasoning strategy. This strategy can be guided by rules specific to the activation of a particular diagnostic hypothesis in the tree.
The user interacts with the system through a window interface which features definitions, glossary information, schematics and explanations of session reasoning, which are all linked to the knowledge contained in the system. A demonstration prototype which runs under the ART (LISP-based) environment on Symbolics 3620 and Sun 3/60 workstations was completed in December 1988. The preliminary prototype diagnoses a subset of the acceleration faults on the General Electric J85-CAN-15 jet engine and is being field tested and evaluated by potential users.


Taking the theme of individual information service and retrieval skilling training as the main streams,taking advantage of the literature and analytical induction methods,according to demand theory of information,combining supermarket's idea discusses the applying of "information service supermarket" in university library reference service,This paper can provide some reference for the reform of university library reference service and the improvement of service quality.


Objectives : The aim of this study was to find how Northeast Asia(Korea, China, Taiwan, Japan) supervise herbal formulas in their pharmacopoeia. Methods : We compared items, formula's effects, formulations, etc and analyzed common formulas among Northeast Asias herbal pharmacopoeia (Korea(2010), China(2010), Taiwan(2013), Japan(16th Edition), drugs in Japan OTC Drugs (2007-2008)) Results : The Korean Pharmacopoeia, the Korean Herbal Pharmacopoeia, Taiwan herbal pharmacopoeia, the japanese pharmacopoeia, drugs in Japan OTC drugs and pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China have 5, 251, 200, 20, 294, 1059 formulas, respectively. In comparison of pharmacopoeias test item, Korea and Japan has many similarity, for example, not refer to the effect of formulas. Korea and China have many inspection test of formulations in pharmacopoeia. Each country has differences in ratio of efficacy categories. For example, China especially has a higher ratio of formulas that regulate the blood and Korea has higher ratio of formulas that calm the spirit and open the sensory orifices than those of other 3 countries. There are 17 common formulas among the 4 countries and 43 common formulas among Korea, Taiwan and Japan. Comparing dosage forms, Korea, Japan, Drugs In Japan OTC drugs, Taiwan, China uses 4, 2, 14, 3, 21 formulations, respectively. Conclusions : China has many formulations and new formulas. Taiwan and Japan supervised formulas only selected by the authorities. However, Korean pharmacopoeia has similar form with Japan and need to add more formulas on demand and new formulations.


The order of the convergence rate is established for one variant of the Galerkin method and for an iterative finite element method for operator equations.


The aim of this study was to formulate and evaluate microencapsulated controlled release preparations of zidovudine, using Copolymers Eudragit S 100 and RL 100 (acrylic and methacrylic acid esters) and Ethyl cellulose as the retardant material. Microspheres were prepared by solvent evaporation method using an acetone/liquid paraffin system. Magnesium stearate was used as the droplet stabilizer and n-hexane was added to harden the microspheres. The prepared microspheres were characterized for their micromeritic properties, drug loading, as well by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The in vitro release studies were performed in pH 7.4, phosphate buffer. The prepared microspheres were white, free flowing and spherical in shape. The drugloaded microspheres show 81–93% of entrapment and release was extended more than 10hrs. Stability studies revealed that polymers used were stable and compatible with the drug and there is no significant effect on physical characteristics, drug content and dissolution profile of the microspheres. Scanning electron microscopy study revealed that the microspheres were spherical with rough surface. The best-fit release kinetics was achieved with Higuchi's plot followed by First order and Zero order. The release of Zidovudine was influenced by the drug to polymer ratio, particle size & was found to be diffusion controlled.


P -velocity and density of rocks depend considerably on temperature and pressure whose influence must be taken into consideration in calculating these parameters at different depths. For the first time, this paper presents experimental data on a P-wave velocity and density change for different rock types versus a change of temperature and pressure with the depth. Based of thermobaric, petrophysical and seismo-gravity modeling, a clarified cross-section of material composition has been obtained for the area in the central part of the Ukrainian Shield. Local domains of decreasing rock density have been revealed, which mostly coincide with the low velocity zone and are produced by deep thermobaric conditions. Such zones of decreasing in material density can be served as one of diagnostic indicators in searching for deposits of mineral resources.


RCOAs recent annual reports are available here. Click on the appropriate link to download an electronic copy. For hard copies of these reports, please ...


Holding and positioning device for an optical element (3), wherein the optical element in a mounting ring (2) and the mount ring via at least one actuator unit (4) on a base body (5) is mounted, wherein the manipulator unit (4) is a linear actuator ( 15), one (with the mounting ring 2) has associated manipulator head (7), a movable manipulator part (9) and connected to one (with the base body 5) Manipulatorfus (13), the manipulator head (7) via a first solid-body joint (8) is connected to the movable manipulator part (9), the movable manipulator part (9) via a second solid-state articulation (12) with an actuator (11) and the actuator (11) via at least a third solid-body joint (14) with the Manipulatorfus (13) wherein the linear actuator (15) is coupled to the Manipulatorfus (13) and the actuator (11), wherein the second solid-body joint (12) by a laterally staggered arrangement to the third Fes tkorpergelenk (14) is substantially at a tilt of the actuator (11) in the optical axis direction movable, and wherein the first ...


ALTHOUGH LINIBAL MIELANONIAS arising from precancerous melanosis are rare, Reese,1 the auithority in ophthalmic literature on tumors of the eye, has described many of these neoplasms. Reese'2 has observed regression of melanosis as well as progression of precancerous melanosis into malignancy. Wze were provided with a better understanding of this entity by observing during a twenty-year period a patient with granular pigmentation of the limbus, conjunctiva, and cornea. The involvement of 180 degrees of the corneal limbus with precancerous melanosis Wcas the precursor of three distinct, isolated, corneal tumors during this period. After removal of the original malignant melanoma of the limbus, eighteen years elapsed before another tumor appeared; seventeen months after the second tumor was excised, a third malignant melanoma appeared in a new area of the cornea. None of the tumors appeared to be recurrent and none extended into the site of the previous resections.


The dosimetry protocols DIN 6800-2 and AAPM TG-51, both based on the absorbed dose to water concept, are compared in their theoretical background and in their application to electron dosimetry. The agreement and disagreement in correction factors and energy parameters used in both protocols will be shown and discussed. Measurements with three different types of ionization chambers were performed and evaluated according to both protocols. As a result the perturbation correction factor P(60Co)wall for the Roos chamber was determined to 1.024 +/- 0.5%.


DISCLAIMER This report or document (" the Report ") is given by the Institute of Environmental Science and Research Limited (" ESR ") solely for the benefit of the New Zealand Food Safety Authority (" NZFSA "), Public Health Services Providers and other Third Party Beneficiaries as defined in the Contract between ESR and the NZFSA, and is strictly subject to the conditions laid out in that Contract. Neither ESR nor any of its employees makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for use of the Report or its contents by any other person or organisation. SUMMARY The purpose of a Risk Profile is to provide contextual and background information relevant to a food/hazard combination so that risk managers can make decisions and, if necessary, take further action. Risk Profiles include elements of a qualitative risk assessment, as well as providing information relevant to risk management. Risk profiling may result in a range of activities e.g. immediate risk management action, a decision to conduct a quantitative risk assessment, or a programme to gather more data, ranking of a particular food safety issue. Tuberculosis is most commonly caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but a proportion of human cases are caused by Mycobacterium bovis. The notified incidence of tuberculosis in New Zealand in 2005 was 9.3 per 100,000 population. The proportion of total tuberculosis cases caused by M. bovis in New Zealand (about 2-3%) is similar to other developed countries. The significance of M. bovis as a cause of tuberculosis has decreased since the widespread introduction of milk pasteurisation. While transmission of tuberculosis to humans through consumption of M. bovis infected meat is possible no cases of this have been confirmed in New Zealand or overseas. At slaughter all cattle and deer are subject to an examination for evidence of tuberculosis infection. Action is taken to remove infected tissues from the food chain; further, if there is evidence of haematogenous spread of M. bovis the whole carcase is condemned. This risk is further reduced by the fact that primary infection site tissues (head, thorax, alimentary tract) do not commonly enter the fresh meat trade. The dose response relationship for ingestion of M. bovis is unclear, but this route of exposure appears to be of lower risk than infection via inhalation. De la Rua-Domenech (2006) identifies several factors that mitigate against M. bovis transmission via meat: • Lesions …


This paper addresses the problem of B-spline surface approximation to rows of points by B-spline surface lofting. Lofting is a well known surface create technique and has been used in CAD and CAGD. However, the traditional lofting approach tends to result in an astonishing number of control points in the process of merging the different knot vectors. This paper presents a new approach fixing this problem. The approach includes a novel process of creating a set of compact B-spline curves from the given points. The process is based on the binary search and the least-squares method, determining a set of local common knot vectors of most of rows of points, which meet the given conditions. Then, fully common knot vectors have been determined by the method of merging different knot vectors. The proposed approach is efficient in computation and can realize more efficient data reduction than previous approach without losing the shape of the lofted surface. Several experimental results demonstrate the usefulness and quality of the proposed approach.


A major complication related to gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in diabetic patients is chronic constipation. Constipation has serious negative impacts on quality of life; however, without a comprehensive understanding of the disease, currently available treatments cannot provide a cure. Platelet‐derived growth factor receptor alpha‐positive cells (PDGFRα+ cells), which form the SIP syncytium with interstitial cells of Cajal and smooth muscle cells, play important roles in GI motility. In the present study, the contributions of PDGFRα+ cells to diabetes‐induced colonic slow transit were investigated in streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced diabetic mice.


In 671 BCE, Esarhaddon advanced south from the Levant and attacked Egypt, sacking Memphis. About seven years later, in response to repeated Kushite uprisings and following an initial campaign into Lower Egypt, Ashurbanipal's army reinvaded Egypt, marching as far as Thebes where, according to Assyrian accounts, the temples and palaces were looted and their treasures brought back to Nineveh. The Assyrians had been in conflict with Egypt for some time, but these clashes had always taken place in Western Asia, where the two states fought for control and influence over the small Levantine kingdoms. Not until Esarhaddon and Ashurbanipal did Assyria penetrate into the heart of Egypt, attacking its two traditional capitals of Memphis and Thebes. This period of intensified antagonism, along with its consequence — increasingly direct contact with Egyptian culture — brought into greater focus Assyria's relationship to the Egyptian imperial tradition. I would like to propose here that Assyrian royal ideology, as expressed in art, developed in part out of an awareness of and reaction to the great imperial power of New Kingdom Egypt, in particular that of the Ramesside period of the thirteenth and early twelfth centuries. Indeed, it is more the reaction against Egyptian tradition that seems to have stimulated what we understand as characteristic and distinctive of Assyrian art, but at the same time, even these elements may owe some inspiration to Egypt. In this way, the New Kingdom Egyptian empire served as both precedent and "other" for Assyria, which began to develop its own imperialist ideology during the contemporaneous Middle Assyrian period.


Abstract Background Interleukin (IL)-13 is a regulatory factor of tissue remodeling and is involved in the pathogenesis of pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH). However, the implications of IL-13 in PAH remains uncertain. This article aims to describe the current knowledge on production and function of IL-13 and its receptors in the mechanisms of PAH. Content The study materials of this article were based on comprehensive literature retrieval of publications of IL-13 in PAH. These study materials were carefully reviewed, analyzed and discussed. Summary IL-13 levels in blood and lung tissue were elevated in both animal models of PAH and patients with PAH in comparison to non-PAH controls. Types I and II IL-13 receptors participate in pulmonary artery remodeling through signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)6 or through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), STAT3 and mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. Oxidant, arginase 2 (Arg2) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α are involved in the proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. Outlook Types I and II IL-13 receptors play an important role in the IL-13 signaling by STAT6 via Janus kinase kinases, and by PI3K, STAT3 and MAPK pathways, respectively. Alternative pathways, including oxidant, Arg2 and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α might be also involved in the pathological process of PAH development. Investigational therapies by inflammatory suppression or thrombolytic and anticoagulant agents could inhibit intimal hyperplasia of the pulmonary arteries and suppress pulmonary vasculature remodeling. Drug research and development oriented by this hypothesis would confer benefits to the treatment of PAH.


It was analyzed lower limb entheseal changes in two prehistoric coastal groups from Santa Catarina state, Armacao do Sul and Praia da Tapera. Nine areas of muscle attachment were examined in 101 adults of both sexes, divided into three age intervals, with attribution of increasing scores to determine the degree of robusticity. Entheses were analyzed together, given the general function of the muscles in terrestrial mobility, using chi-square test (p<0.05) and Grouping Analysis for inter and intragroup comparisons. Data indicated a pattern of intense terrestrial mobility in rough terrain among men of Tapera series. A less intense pattern was observed among men of Armacao do Sul series, associated with displacements at shorter distances and/or on flat ground. In both series women showed less pronounced muscular demands than men. The biocultural discussion integrated bioarchaeological, archaeological and environmental data from each site.


Multiplexing techniques can provide major increases of several orders of magnitude in sensitivity and/or speed, especially in infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. This article shows how the most convenient, flexible methods of multiplexing inherently produce a Fourier transform of the spectrum. The experimental arrangements dictate the detailed mathematical treatment of the data, and the architecture and software of minicomputers directly influence the design of 'spectrometer' hardware, entailing consideration of the spectrometer-data processor as an integrated system. It is shown that additional advantages arise, such as convenience of operation and the ability to perform previously impracticable measurements.


Research has highlighted the importance of recovery as defined by the service user, and suggests a link to negative emotion, although little is known about the role of negative emotion in predicting subjective recovery.AimsTo investigate longitudinal predictors of variability in recovery scores with a focus on the role of negative emotion.MethodParticipants (n = 110) with experience of psychosis completed measures of psychiatric symptoms, social functioning, subjective recovery, depression, hopelessness and self-esteem at baseline and 6 months later. Path analysis was used to examine predictive factors for recovery and negative emotion.ResultsSubjective recovery scores were predicted by negative emotion, positive self-esteem and hopelessness, and to a lesser extent by symptoms and functioning. Current recovery score was not predicted by past recovery score after accounting for past symptoms, current hopelessness and current positive self-esteem.ConclusionsPsychosocial factors and negative emotion appear to be the strongest longitudinal predictors of variation in subjective recovery, rather than psychiatric symptoms. http://bjp.rcpsych.org/content/early/2015/11/05/bjp.bp.114.158428.long A Mixed-Methods Study of the Recovery Concept, "A Meaningful Day," in Community Mental Health Services for Individuals with Serious Mental Illnesses. Community Ment Health J. 2015 Dec 9; Authors: Myers NA, Smith K, Pope A, Alolayan Y, Broussard B, Haynes N, Compton MT Abstract: The recovery concept encompasses overcoming or managing one's illness, being physically and emotionally healthy, and finding meaningful purpose through work, school, or volunteering, which connects one to others in mutually fulfilling ways. Using a mixed-methods approach, we studied the emphasis on "a meaningful day" in the new Opening Doors to Recovery (ODR) program in southeast Georgia. Among 100 participants, we measured the meaningful day construct using three quantitative items at baseline (hospital discharge) and at 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow-up, finding statistically significant linear trends over time for all three measures. Complementary qualitative interviews with 30 individuals (ODR participants, family members, and ODR's Community Navigation Specialists and program leaders) revealed themes pertaining to companionship, productivity, achieving stability, and autonomy, as well as the concern about insufficient resources. The concept of "a meaningful day" can be a focus of clinical attention and measured as a person-centred outcome for clients served by recovery-oriented community mental health services. http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10597-015-9971-4 Recovery from First-Episode Psychosis and Recovering Self: A Qualitative Study. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 2015 Dec; 359-364. Authors: Connell, M., Schweitzer, R., King, R. Abstract: The objective of this study was to explore the subjective factors associated with the experience of firstepisode psychosis (FEP) and the very first stages of recovery to develop our understanding of this process and improve treatment outcomes. Method: Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis was used to explore the experiences of 20 young people who had recently experienced FEP. Results: Two broad superordinate themes captured essential thematic trends in the data: experiences of self-estrangement and self-consolidation. The concept of dialogical self was used to understand the effect of psychosis on self and the process of resuming familiar social positions to facilitate recovery. The concept of making meaning after traumatic events was also applied to the narratives of personal growth that participants formed. Those who reported subjective improvements in recovery were more likely to have developed a meaningful interpretation of their psychosis, strengthened relationships with others, and forged a stronger sense of self. Conclusions and Implications for Practice: The experience of self-consolidation was strongly associated with the person's resumption of familiar social roles and their ability to make meaning from their experience in a way that promoted personal growth. Although these processes are known to be part of personal recovery, this study highlights their importance in the very early stages of recovery immediately after the experience of FEP.


Women in leadership positions make different policy choices compared to men. An increase in the proportion of female leaders can therefore alter both the nature of governance as well as the types of public services provided. This paper uses survey and experimental data from 40 Indian villages to examine the following questions: First, do males and females respond differently to women as leaders, and what is the reaction of women leaders to mens perception? Second, to what extent is behavior towards leaders influenced by experience with female leaders? Finally, what are the reasons for male backlash against womens leadership, and does it persist over time? It finds evidence of a significant male backlash against female leaders. The results suggest that resistance to women leaders is due to violation of social norms. It also found that increased exposure to female leaders reduces the extent of bias.


A new ultrasonic anemometer which is used to measure low-level wind speed and direction is designed.The principle of the ultrasonic wind measurement is described,and the cross-correlation time delay estimation algorithm of system is analyzed.System configuration and timing controll of ultrasonic anemometer are described in detail.Experiments testify the system can accurately measure wind speed and direction.It also has others advantages,such as fast frequency response,good reliability,etc.So it can be used for realtime monitoring of the situation of the low-level wind field at airport.


Figure 2 Small ulcerating cancer of the rectum. The specimen includes mucosa around the cancer, submucosa, muscularis propria and someperirectal fat. The layers of the bowel wall are in their correct micro-anatomical relationship to one another so that it can be clearly seen that the invading carcinoma has reached the muscularis propria but has not penetrated into it. There is an ample margin of normal tissue around the carcinoma. This is one of many sections representative of the whole surgical specimen. There is some residual benign adenoma around the invading cancer.


Abstract The rise to prominence of the crisis resolution team (CRT) has been one of the most conspicuous recent changes in the English mental health care system. The national mental health service mapping undertaken at the Centre for Public Mental Health in Durham indicates that, in March 2004, at least one CRT was operating in 72% of England's Primary Care Trust catchment areas, compared with 40% in March 2003. The current rapid dissemination of this model follows the NHS Plan's requirement that CRTs should be introduced throughout England. The main aim of CRTs is to reduce the need for acute psychiatric beds.


• HCQ is effective for COVID-19. The probability that an ineffective treatment generated results as positive as the 205 studies to date is estimated to be 1 in 28 quadrillion (p = 0.000000000000000036). • Early treatment is most successful, with 100% of studies reporting a positive effect and an estimated reduction of 66% in the effect measured (death, hospitalization, etc.) using a random effects meta-analysis, RR 0.34 [0.27-0.44]. • 91% of Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) for early, PrEP, or PEP treatment report positive effects, the probability of this happening for an ineffective treatment is 0.0059. • There is evidence of bias towards publishing negative results. 88% of prospective studies report positive effects, and only 76% of retrospective studies do. • Studies from North America are 3.7 times more likely to report negative results than studies from the rest of the world combined, p = 0.00000022.


West Sulawesi Provincial Hospital is a hospital owned by the West Sulawesi Provincial government whose job is to provide services for BPJS patients. There has been no research related to the satisfaction of outpatient BPJS patients with pharmaceutical services in hospital's outpatient unit. The


Temperature-sensitive N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPA)-based ampho-lytic hydrogels were synthesized by copolymerizing NIPA with the cationic monomer methacrylamidopropyl trimethylammonium chloride (MAPTAC) and the anionic monomer sodium styrene sulfonate (SSS). The total nominal charge density of the hydrogels was held constant at 8 mol % (dry basis), while the molar ratio of anionic to cationic moieties within the hydrogels was varied. Swelling equilibria were measured in water at 6C, and in aqueous sodium chloride solutions ranging in concentration from 10{sup {minus}5}to 5 M and temperature ranging from 6 to 56C. Consistent with expectations, the swelling behavior of the hydrogels was found to be controlled by temperature at low salt concentrations; as the sodium chloride concentration increased, temperature control of hydrogel swelling decreased. Slight antipolyelectrolyte behavior was observed for the hydrogel prepared with equal molar amounts of MAPTAC and SSS.


The Middle Indus Basin (MIB) constitutes a major gas province in the Southern Pakistan. The main current exploration activities is concentrated on the gas accumulations in Lower Goru sandstone in structural, stratigraphic and mixed stratigraphic/structural traps at the average depth of 3500 m. To better understand the petroleum system of the MIB and the residual exploration potential in this region, according to the Exxon method of identifying unconformities and their correlative conformities, a sequence stratigraphic interpretation was carried out on the Jurassic to recent sediments of the MIB. The plate tectonic setting of depositional environment for source, reservoir and seal play elements has been evaluated. Additionally, two proven play fairways in the MIB were described by using the framework of the new sequences stratigraphy.


IPO underwriter-brokers dominate aftermarket trading but often follow rather than lead in price discovery. This suggests that the underwriter shares a certification, external monitoring, and signaling role with aftermarket brokers, venture capitalists, and founder-owners retaining equity. In this paper we investigate the cross-sectional determinants of the role of the underwriter in aftermarket price discovery. The underwriters' role expands with greater issue uncertainty and diminishes with venture capitalist involvement and greater retention. Issue uncertainty is measured in pages of idiosyncratic risk factors and in the delay between the announcement and completion of the issue. Our first novel result is that verifiable facts are not a substitute for, but a complement to, underwriter certification and advice. Specifically, the underwriter's contribution to price discovery increases with the number of supplier and customer contracts reported in the prospectus. Secondly, the underwriter's role in price discovery declines when the IPO is first in a new technology or product space. These findings indicate that the verification process (not de novo information production) is the key function of the underwriter.


With the development of wireless communication technique and the popularization of mobile phone,in people's life and work,the application of short message brings much convenience.Fire warning system based on mobile platform realizes the group sends of fire warning messages which are send to the concerned personnel in enterprises,and brings the convenience of taking the fire protection mea-sures in time.Using short message based on GSM SMS,taking PC machine and GSM modem as the hardware basic,on the platform of VC++.NET,the functions of fire warning are implemented by sending AT command to computer series and operating GSM MODEM.


Objectives—Polymorphism of the phagocyte IgG receptor FcãRIIa may modulate immune complex mediated inflammation, particularly when immune complexes contain IgG2. Previous studies suggest that this polymorphism may be an important risk factor for lupus nephritis. FcãRIIa is biallelic, the alleles R and H each having a gene frequency of about 50%. Nephritis has been associated with an increased frequency of the R allele. The frequency of common FcãRIIa alleles was examined in white subjects from the United Kingdom and Greek subjects with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and healthy controls. Methods—FcãRIIa genotyping was performed using a single step polymerase chain reaction technique, which diVerentiates the two major alleles, R and H. Two study populations were examined: (a) white subjects from the United Kingdom : 66 controls and 81 with SLE (19 of whom had renal disease) and (b) Greek: 52 controls and 42 with SLE (19 with renal disease). Results—No significant relation was observed between FcãRIIa genotype and susceptibility to SLE or SLE nephritis. Conclusions—The FcãRIIa R allele does not seem to be associated with SLE (with or without renal disease) in our United Kingdom white or Greek populations. (Ann Rheum Dis 1997;56:744–746) Immunoglobulins can interact with the effector mechanisms of the immune system by activation of the complement cascade or by direct binding to eVector cells via receptors for the Fc region of the immunoglobulin heavy chain. Families of Fc receptors exist for each of the immunoglobulin isotypes. Fc receptors with specificity for IgG (FcãR) fall into three sub-types: FcãRI (CD64), a high aYnity receptor capable of binding monomeric IgG, and the FcãRII (CD32) and FcãRIII (CD16) receptor families, both of lower aYnity capable of binding multimeric IgG in immune complexes or IgG opsonised particles. The A isoform of human CD32 (FcãRIIa) is the only receptor on human phagocytic cells capable of significant interaction with IgG2. As IgG2 is also a poor activator of the classic complement pathway, FcãRIIa represents the only means for interaction of IgG2 with the inflammatory response, other than activation of the alternative complement pathway by large insoluble immune complexes. Two common allotypic variants of FcãRIIa have been described, diVering in their aYnity for human IgG2 and, to a lesser extent IgG3. The molecular basis for this allotypic variation has now been defined. Table 1 summarises the phenotypic and genotypic diVerences between the two alleles. The amino acid at position 131 is thought to be critical for interaction with IgG. This polymorphism may play a particular part in the expression of antibody responses mediated by IgG2. Previous studies have suggested that this CD32 polymorphism may influence susceptibility to infection by capsulate bacteria. IgG2 antibodies, directed against capsular polysaccharides, seem to be critical for defence against organisms such as pneumococci. People with low values of antipolysaccharide antibodies may fail to opsonise these organisms if they possess the R form of FcãRIIa, but opsonise adequately if they have the H form. 7 CD32 polymorphism may also potentially aVect the expression of disorders in which immune complex deposition plays a pathogenic part, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), with the clearance of IgG2 immune complexes (and to a lesser extent IgG3 complexes) being impaired in RR homozygous people. Two recent studies have suggested that FcãRIIa RR homozygosity may constitute a risk factor for lupus nephritis in both African Americans and European white populations, although a further study has found no association in white, Afro-Caribbean, and Chinese subjects. We have examined CD32 polymorphism in a Greek population and a further white population with SLE. We have examined the role of CD32 polymorphism using a novel single step polymerase chain reaction method.


This essay deals with principles and processes of the making of historical museum in a democratic society. In 21st century, historical museums should not be built to define political legitimacy or to reinforce national identity for some ideological purpose. As we can see the making process of the 'House of History of the Federal Republic of Germany' in Bonn, the democratic discussion on its fundamental purpose and substantive direction of exhibition is of great importance, in particular for a national museum for contemporary history. But, the initiators of the 'National Museum of Korean Contemporary History' in Seoul are neglecting the democratic process of debate and discussion in public sphere and with experts groups as historians and museum specialist. They are now only interested in (re-)definement of their right-wing political legitimation and strengthening of the Korean national identity. Moreover, in their opinion the Korean contemporary history since 1945 had been filled with 'miracles' and 'successes' which should mainly be exhibited in the National Museum of Korean Contemporary History. But, their images of the Korean contemporary history are not in accordance with various experiences and memories of most ordinary people in South Korea. The present objective and exhibition plan of the 'historical cultural' institution should be replaced by a new concept which would be aimed at a museum as communication space for plural democratic histories and critical reflection on historical tragedies.


Thermodynamically consistent phase fi eld approach (PFA) for multivariant martensitic phase transformations (PTs) and twinning for large strains is developed [1, 2]. Thermodynamic potential in hyperspherical order parameters is introduced, which allowed us to describe each martensite-martensite (i.e., twin) interface with a single order parameter [3]. These theories are utilized for fi nite element simulation of various important problems [1-4]. Phase fi eld approach to dislocation evolution was developed during the last decade and it is widely used for the simulation of plasticity at the nanoscale. Despite signifi cant success, there are still a number of points for essential improvement. In our study [5], a new PFA to dislocation evolution is developed. It leads to a well-posed formulation and mesh-independent solutions and is based on fully large-strain formulation. Our local potential is designed to eliminate stress-dependence of the Burgers vector and to reproduce desired local stress–strain curve, as well as to obtain the mesh-independent dislocation height H for any dislocation orientation. The gradient energy contains an additional term, which excludes localization of dislocation within height smaller than H but disappears at the boundary of dislocation and the rest of the crystal; thus, it does not produce interface energy and does not lead to a dislocation widening. Problems for nucleation and evolution of multiple dislocations along the multiple slip systems are studied. The interaction between PT and dislocations is the most basic problem in the study of martensite nucleation and growth. Here, a PFA is developed to a coupled evolution of martensitic PTs and dislocations [6], including inheritance of dislocation during direct and reverse PTs. A complete system of equations, including Ginzburg–Landau equations is presented. It is applied to studying the hysteretic behavior and propagation of an austenite-martensite interface with incoherency dislocations, the growth and arrest of martensitic plate for temperature-induced PTs, the evolution of phase and dislocation structures for stress-induced PTs, and the evolution of dislocations and high pressure phase in a nanograined material under pressure and shear [6, 7].


Values of the bearing capacity factor Nγ are numerically computed using the method of triangular slices. Three assumptions of the value of ψ, the base angle of the active wedge, are analyzed, corresponding to the following three cases: (1) ψ = ϕ, the internal friction angle; (2) ψ = 45° + ϕ/2; and (3) ψ has a value such that Nγ is a minimum. The location of the critical failure surface is presented and the numerical solutions to Nγ for the three cases are approximated by simple equations. The influence of the base angle on the value of Nγ is investigated. Comparisons of the present solutions are made with those commonly used in foundation engineering practice.Key words: shallow foundation, bearing capacity, bearing capacity factor, limit equilibrium.


Electromigration (EM) is an important failure mechanism in integrated circuit interconnections. Various models have been proposed to study the interconnect degradation due to EM from different perspectives. As the interconnect linewidth shrinks to submicrometer and below, a small growth in void size after void nucleation can sever the conduction path, and hence void nucleation time becomes the dominant part of the time to failure of an interconnect and the primary damage mechanism in EM failure. In this work, an alternative concept of EM modeling is proposed, and the EM lifetime of an interconnect during void nucleation is derived theoretically. A physics-based predictive Monte Carlo simulation methodology is used to model the void nucleation process during EM. To demonstrate the modeling concept and the simulation methodology developed in the present study, Al interconnect test structure is chosen as an illustration and it is shown that the model can predict the voiding location in the interconnect and e...


Using the Boyden test for chemotaxis, it was possible to show that cyclic-3',5'-AMP attracts polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Although this effect is definite, casein has a more potent effect. Since cyclic AMP is synthesized by bacteria, and is a heat stable molecule of small molecular weight, it is presumed to be one of the components in bacteria capable of producing positive chemotaxis in leukocytes.


This paper takes the virtual reality technology as a core, has established the housing virtual reality roaming display system, Under the premise of the detailed analysis of system architecture, We focus on how to form the terrain database and the scenery three-dimensional database by using the MultiGen Creator, and call OpenGVS through MSVC to carry on the real-time scene control and the method of the complex special effect realization.


Aim of this study focused on impact of company's external (inflation) and internal (tax shield, profitability, growth, size, assets) factors to firm's value with capital structure as intervening variable in listed construction's company in Indonesia. Data which being used for this study from company's financial report from 2014 until 2017. Structural equation modelling chosen as a tool for analyzing data being chose, SMARTPLS 3.0 chosen as a software for discovering the result. The study found out that the growth of the company has a significant impact for capital structure decision making process. Result of this study can be used as a suggestion for stakeholder to developing a better capital structure decision especially in construction industry in Indonesia in order to maximized the value of the company. Keywords—tax shield, inflation, profitability, companies's size, companies's growth, companies's assets, capital structure, firm's value


Synthesis of a series of N,N′-diaryl adipyl dihydrazide compounds from self-made adipic chloride and substituted phenylhydrazine were reported.Nine kinds of compounds was synthesized using the method of ice bathing.The products were confirmed by means of elemental analysis,IR and 1H NMR.Two N—H absorptions of products were observed at approximately 3 200~3 400 cm-1 in the infrared spectrum.Resonances corresponding to the N—H chemical shift were from 7.3 to 10.5 in 1H NMR.The results of elemental analysis for the products were in agreement with the theoretical values.The yields were about from 81% to 93%.


It is well known that in the early stage of coronary artery disease, alterations of left ventricular (LV) relaxation without impairment of LV systolic function can be detected.' It is also accepted that the LV relaxation period primarily influences the subsequent early LV filling phase. 1-3 The combined use of hemodynamic and echocardiographic techniques has gained a primary role4.s in the study of LV diastolic function because it provides a more accurate knowledge of the characteristics and underlying mechanisms of the early diastolic phase. We examined LV relaxation and early LV filling phase in patients with stable angina pectoris and good LV systolic function using a combined hemodynamic and echo-Doppler method. . . .


In the course of experiments in which the permeability characteristics of dentin were meassured, it became necessary to study some extlacted human teeth after removing the occlusal enamel from the crowns. This reduced the amount of tooth structure in which a cavity could be produced and the volume of the prepaiation to about one-half. A split chamber was designed that provided a contiguous reservoir with the cavity preparation. This resenroir in the upper portion of the split chamber increased the volume of radioactive solution that could be placed in contact with cavity dentin, minimized evaporation of the solution, and provided the option of sealing off the top of the cavity. In this device, the volume of the upper reservoir and its seal to the tooth surface is determined by the diameter and depth of the hole in the top portion of the chamber and plastic washer, and the diameter of the silicone "0' ring.? The bottom portion of the split chamber screws into the upper portion.


In Brazil, as elsewhere in the world, passenger air transport has been undergoing substantial changes in recent years, as a consequence of several important changes in the regulatory framework, in addition to external factors. The focus of this paper is on the regional aspects of airline passenger traffic in Brazil, based on interviews with some key government authorities and a review of the literature. An overview is provided of the country's regions, as well as a look at the historical evolution of regional air transportation in the country. Also included is a discussion of the recent changes affecting the sector, taking into consideration the regulatory and operational factors at play, especially as they relate to the network of Brazilian cities served by air transport.


Since the development of twenty-first Century, the theory and methods of robot control have become more and more mature. With the continuous development of control methods, various kinds of controllers have been innovating and breaking through the production. The performance of the control devices is becoming more and more powerful and the price is getting cheaper and cheaper. In terms of robot control methods, the robot control method can be divided into two categories: PID control method and control method based on robot dynamics model. In this chapter, the feasibility analysis of the control method of rehabilitation robot is discussed, and the control effect of the rehabilitation robot control system is optimized by adding fuzzy control on the basis of sliding mode variable structure.


The noxious weed leafy spurge (Euphorbiae esula) continues to pose a serious problem in rangelands and pastures throughout several western states. Satisfactory chemical control has not been established, and use of insects for biological control is still developing stage. The use of fungi for biocontrol offers another possible control mechanism which could be used alone or in combination with herbicides, plant growth regulators, and insects. We report some results from studies with a fungus, Alternaria tenuissima f. sp. euphorbiae (ATE), which has been shown by Krupinsky and Lorenz (2) to be pathogenic on leafy spurge.


Chapter 1 Acknowledgments Chapter 2 Introduction Chapter 3 Job Interview Chapter 4 Business Introduction Chapter 5 Telephone Chapter 6 Reports Chapter 7 At the Bank Chapter 8 "Work" after Work Chapter 9 Appointments Chapter 10 Describing a Company Chapter 11 Describing Products Chapter 12 Negotiating Prices Chapter 13 Concluding Negotiations Chapter 14 Appendix A: Kanji Index Chapter 15 Appendix B: Japanese-English Glossary Chapter 16 Appendix C: English-Japanese Glossary Chapter 17 Appendix D: Grammar Index (English Headers/Alphabetical Order) Chapter 18 Appendix E: Grammar Index (English Headers/Appearance Order) Chapter 19 Appendix F: Grammar Index (Japanese Headers/Order) Chapter 20 Appendix G: Grammar Index (Japanese Headers/Appearance Order)


Abstract We have previously demonstrated that interleukin-1 β (IL-1β) rapidly induces tyrosine phosphorylation of several proteins in the renal mesangial cell. Two mechanistically distinct tyrosine kinase inhibitors, genistein and herbimycin A, block the induction of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) by IL-1β in rat mesangial cells. Since both COX-2 and iNOS promoters have a κB binding motif, we have evaluated the effects of tyrosine kinase inhibitors on IL-1β-induced nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation by electromobility shift assays. IL-1β rapidly induced the translocation of NF-κB in rat mesangial cells. However, the tyrosine kinase inhibitors, genistein and herbimycin A, failed to block the translocation of NF-κB at concentrations which abolish COX-2 and iNOS mRNA expression. These data suggest that an upstream tyrosine kinase pathway may not be required for IL-1β-induced NF-κB activation and that the tyrosine kinase pathway may converge with the NF-κB pathway down-stream of NF-κB activation in rat mesangial cells.


A novel frequency estimation algorithm based on the fact that the frequency offset results in constellation phase angle increment is proposed. The estimation performance is derived. A simple but well-designed realization architecture is presented in detail. At last, Simulation results also show it has better estimation performance comparing with the traditional MPSK frequency estimation algorithms.


The twofold aim of this study was first to extend results on the career choice model previously obtained with students in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics and to gauge the relevance of including self-efficacy for coping with barriers in this model. The second aim was to examine whether examined paths varied according to gender. We investigated the paths between social support, barriers, barrier-coping efficacy, and goals in a sample of 215 students drawn from disciplines where men are underrepresented. In line with the hypothetical model, results revealed significant paths between social support, barriers, barrier-coping efficacy, and goals. Moreover, these paths did not vary according to gender. Results are discussed with reference to the literature and in terms of their practical implications.


For a Muslim, the Qur'an is a sacred book. When there is a problem related to the way of life, thinking, or Islamic values, then the Qur'an should be the first reference to use. Therefore, it is very important for Muslims to be able to read and practice the content of the Qur'an. However, today we can see that fewer and fewer homes have the Qur'an, and many Muslims can't read it. This is very worrisome because it can make someone more and more distant from the teaching of the Prophet. Therefore, all parties, not only religious or BTQ teachers, but also teachers from other subjects and society, should take an active part in enhancing the culture of reading the Qur'an among Muslim families. Through the reading of the Qur'an, one can gain happiness in this world and in the Hereafter. The purpose of this study is to describe the implementation of the Reading Al-Quran program in SMP.Negeri 10 Satap Sayan Dusun Nanga Sasak, Desa Pekawai, Kec. Sayan and also to evaluate the effectiveness of the program in improving the ability to read the Qur'an in the school. This research was carried out in the field (field research) and data sources obtained from SMP.Negeri 10 Satap Sayan Dusun Nanga Sasak, Desa Pekawai, Kec. Sayan, with research subjects such as the Head of School, Teacher Reading the Quran, and students. Data collection methods include interviews, observations, and documentation, and data analysis using deductive analysis methods. In this study, it was found that the activity of Reading the Qur'an in the SMP.Negeri 10 Satap Sayan, Dusun Nanga Sasak, Desa Pekawai, Kec. Sayan is done at effective hours in the morning with a duration of 1 hour lessons per week for each class. The main teaching is to read the Qur'an and to remember Chapter 30. The results of the study showed that the activity of reading the Quran was effective in improving the ability of students to read the Qur'an. Of the 51 students in classes VII C and VII D who attended the program, as many as 27 students or 52.9% showed improved ability to read the Qur'an..


The invention provides a paving method for a polished face brick wall. The method comprises the steps that (1) embedded parts are prefabricated, wherein each embedded part comprises an iron plate, and a bolt is perpendicularly welded to the center of the back of each iron plate; (2) embedded part installation holes are drilled, wherein four embedded part installation holes are drilled in each polished face brick installation position; (3) the embedded parts are installed, wherein the back face of each iron plate is coated with waterproof mortar or installation glue, the embedded parts are installed into the embedded part installation holes in each polished face brick installation position, the bolts are partially embedded into the embedded part installation holes, and the embedded part installation holes are filled with the waterproof mortar or installation glue; (4) polished face bricks are installed, wherein the front face of each iron plate is coated with dry hanging stone AB glue, the front faces of the iron plates are paved with the polished face bricks, and the polished face bricks are installed on a basic wall through the embedded pieces and the dry hanging stone AB glue; (5) the polished face brick wall is tidied and cleaned. The polished face bricks have the advantages of being firm in connection and not prone to falling off.


In the transition countries, politics and economics are so connected and
 interrelated that many individuals who take high governmental positions or
 who have economic power abuse their status in order to make huge profits and
 commit criminal acts without impunity. The aim of this paper is to indicate
 the basic characteristics of this kind of crime and its negative consequences
 to the society as a whole. The abuse of economic and political power results
 in increasing economic inequalities, decreasing chances of entering foreign
 direct investments, and falling economic growth. Besides, this contributes to
 creating fertile soil for populism and supporting political elites that are
 not committed to building rule of law, stable democratic society and fair
 market economy. As a result, citizens' confidence in the state and its
 institutions weakens, while the normative system of values in the society is
 jeopardized. In this way, the society becomes the victim of irresponsible
 individuals, and of those who abuse their economic and social power.


'Input–Output economics is that rara avis in economics, a genuinely new and origznal idea. It was not without precursors and Leontief has always been at least adequately generous in acknowleding them…. The fundamental discovery that distinguished Leon- tiefs work from that of all his predecessors is that it was practical to calculate the input–output coefficients from recorded data, to perform the necessary algebraic manipu- lations, and to use the results to answer a wide variety of practical economic questions' (Dorfman, 1973; pp. 430–31).


Construction of modern buildings requires many pipes and ducts in order to accommodate essential services such as air conditioning, electricity, telephone, and computer network. Web openings in concrete beams enable the installation of these services. A number of studies have been conducted with regards to reinforced concrete beams which contain web openings. The present paper aims to compile this state of the art work on the type of Reinforced Concrete (RC) beams with transverse web openings. Various design approaches and strengthening techniques are also presented. Keywords— RC Beams, Deep beams, Web openings, Ultimate Load, Deflection, Strengthening, FRP, Reinforcement.


The protocol for synchronous approximate agreement presented by Dolev et. al. exhibits the undesirable property that a faulty processor, by the dissemination of a value arbitrarily far removed from the values held by good processors, may delay the termination of the protocol by an arbitrary amount of time. Such behavior is clearly undesirable in a fault tolerant dynamic system subject to hard real-time constraints. A mechanism is presented by which editing data suspected of being from Byzantine-failed processors can lead to quicker, predictable, convergence to an agreement value. Under specific assumptions about the nature of values transmitted by failed processors relative to those transmitted by good processors, a Monte Carlo simulation is presented whose qualitative results illustrate the trade-off between accelerated convergence and the accuracy of the value agreed upon.


FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to medicine and pharmacology, and can be used to produce an agent form of gel for application anaesthesia in ophthalmic surgeries. Agent contains following components, wt%: hydroxyethyl cellulose 1.2–1.8, glycerol 17–25, lidocaine hydrochloride 1.8–2.4, chlorhexidine dihydrochloride 0.03–0.07, water- balance up to 100. Also disclosed is a method of application anaesthesia in ophthalmic surgeries. EFFECT: group of inventions enables to produce an agent possessing antiseptic, optical-keratoprotective properties without preservatives, use of which enables to achieve complete anaesthesia with no complications. 4 cl, 4 ex


Prospects for U.S. Nuclear Power After Fukushima / Lucas W. Davis. Berkeley : Energy Institute at Haas, Aug. 2011, 21 p.  (EI @ Haas WP-218) http://ei.haas.berkeley.edu/pdf/working_papers/WP218.pdf  The prospects for a revival of U.S. nuclear power were dim even before the tragic events at the Fukushima nuclear plant. Nuclear power has long been controversial because of concerns about nuclear accidents, proliferation risk, and the storage of spent fuel. These concerns are real and important....


The diminishing dominance of the United States in the design of high-definition television systems is discussed. The author states that digital high-definition television will become the world standard, and it will happen first in the United States. The ideal digital television system will fit into 6 MHz of spectrum and provide the quality of theatrical 35-mm film in every home. >


This article discusses the aim and significance of undergraduate teaching assessment based on the coming application for the bachelor degree conferral right and undergraduate teaching assessment in Tongren University.It also discusses the connotation of undergraduate teaching quality and orientation of talent cultivation.It has historical basis and practical and significance to promote undergraduate teaching quality at the time of teaching assessment and construction.


Rhotics are diverse in nature and conditioning factors. In this work the use of Brazilian Portuguese rhotic varieties in the context of recitation of a poem by a professional actor is analyzed and articulatory and acoustic descriptions of the Brazilian Portuguese rhotic varieties are provided. The choice of varieties in the analyzed speech data is interpreted as deriving from the shaping of acoustic characteristics so as to produce impressive meaningful effects. These effects are achieved through the symbolic use of sound, and the fact that sounds are sense-impressive and meaning-expressive is taken to be the foundation of speech expressivity.


The combination of low growth and rising unemployment means that South Africa's economic trajectory is unsustainable. Government should implement a series of growth reforms that promote economic transformation, support labour-intensive growth, and create a globally competitive economy. We start by highlighting five fundamental building blocks of sustainable long-run growth and then identify a series of specific and detailed reforms to raise potential growth. These growth reforms are organized according to the following themes: (i) modernizing network industries; (ii) lowering barriers to entry and addressing distorted patterns of ownership through increased competition and small business growth; (iii) prioritizing labour-intensive growth in sectors such as agriculture and services, including tourism; (iv) implementing focused and flexible industrial and trade policy; and (v) promoting export competitiveness and harnessing regional growth opportunities. We estimate the economy-wide impact of the proposed interventions over time based on when they can realistically be implemented, and find they can raise potential growth by 2–3 percentage points and create over one million job opportunities.


This article describes the Collaborative Computational Project No. 4 (CCP4). It is intended as a general literature citation for the use of the CCP4 software suite in structure determination.


As the Component of Social environment,cultural undoubtedly is the important factors which impact on spreading of advertisement,meanwhile,it impact on the graphics which is the main carriers in spreading of advertisement information.Combining with the status of development in digital technique,this thesis tries to research the causing of formation of graphics in online advertisement through in-depth search for the deep-contents of contemporary cultural,the aesthetic requirements of audience and the Changes in the image itself.


Location-based services in user's mobile device can send geographical information queries to the server continuously,and receive corresponding results to the user.But simultaneously assure the quality of service and none leakage of geographical information is an important problem.This paper used a dummy location method to protect user's real locations.The device sent multiple locations to the server.The paper also proposed a heuristic algorithm to partition location set and usedδprivacy to prevent adversary infer sensitive information from contiguous locations.At last,an experiment on a Wi-Fi access data set shows that five or six locations need to be sent averagely.


ABSTRACT Irrespective of their final outcome, the Arab uprisings have changed the region profoundly with important consequences for external actors as well. Since 1995, the European Union has been extremely active in the Middle East and North Africa with a number of policies put in place to achieve often contrasting objectives. The uprisings have exposed the problems affecting these polices and have led the EU to rethink regional relations. The scholarship on EU-MENA relations has provided over time numerous and powerful insights into the workings, shortcomings and success of the EU in the region, but the uprisings demand a radical change in the way in which the MENA is approached. This review article looks at the contribution that the scholarship has made in this field and suggests a new research agenda, which could lead to better informed and more effective policy-making.


Designing business models for mobile services is a complex undertaking because it requires multiple actors to balance different design requirements. A business model can be seen as a blueprint of four interrelated components or domains: service, technology, organization and finance domain. Little attention has been paid to how these different domains are related to each other. This knowledge is needed to enhance our understanding of what constitutes a viable business model. In this paper the connections between two of these domains, namely service and technology domain, are explored by analysing critical design issues in business models for mobile services, i.e. targeting, creating value, branding and customer retention in the service domain, and security, quality of service, management of service profiles, system integration and accessibility in the technology domain. A causal framework is developed, which link these critical design issues to expected customer value and business model viability.


The development of investment and innovation is desirable with the use of cluster technologies. The present study introduces a concept of "regional investment and innovation complex" that implies an integrated combination of organizations of various ownership patterns which specialize in the production of a certain product range and belong to the same or adjacent sector. Those organizations are connected by economic relations in production and distribution spheres in a definite market segment to optimize the use and distribution of investment resources. The study proposes a model of a regional investment and innovation complex (RIIC) that includes research, personnel, production and technology, finance, marketing, outsourcing, consulting and information and advisory components. The RIIC functioning will enable more effective use of financial resources, optimization of cash flows, and intensification of investment and innovation activity of the participants of an agricultural industry formation. The introduction of mutual investment cooperatives into RIIC structure is important to regulate investment and innovative activity at different levels. The classification of mutual investment cooperatives is presented. The principles of a mutual investment coop-erative's functioning have been developed. The advantages of a mutual investment cooperative within RIIC structure are discussed. A mutual investment cooperative organizes the interaction and controls the fulfillment of obligations, accumulates information flows, has a possibility of a less expensive and more reliable access to sales markets, interacts with science, conducts the studies on investment market capacity, and performs representational activities.


In recent years,many higher vocational colleges in China have had cooperation with colleges and various vocational trading institutions from developed countries such as Germany,Canada,and Singapore.They have got helpful enlightenment from it.As far as continuing education is concerned,the foreign higher vocational colleges have advanced experience in teaching mode,teaching concept,teaching method,teaching contents and so on,which is good reference for higher vocational colleges in China to recall graduates to have continuing educatio.


In order to improve dimensional accuracy of aero-engine blade edges, surface removal contour (SRC) model is applied to the engine blade grinding in this study. Firstly, according to variable curvature of characteristics the engine blades, this paper adopts the semi-Hertz contact theory to simulate grinding contact state. Secondly, surface removal contour model was deduced from the material removal rate (MRR) nonlinear model, and the model of the final grinding depth is proposed, and the model consider the influence of path interval. Thirdly, for determining the parameters of MRR nonlinear and linear model, abrasive belt grinding experiment is carried out, which shows the relative error of MRR nonlinear model to be -1.1↓~1.4↓. The application of abrasive belt grinding on the blade showed the maximum error of the processing is within 0.05 mm and the abrasive belt grinding process system is stable.


The Yueh-Gin Gung and Dr. Charles Y. Hu Award for Distinguished Service to Mathematics is the most prestigious award made by the Association. This award, first given in 1990, is the successor to the Award for Distinguished Service in Mathematics, awarded since 1961, and has been made possible by the late Dr. Hu and his wife Yueh Gin Gung. It is worth noting that Dr. Hu was not a mathematician. He was a retired professor of geology at the University of Maryland. He had such strong feelings about the basic nature of mathematics and its importance in all human endeavors that he felt impelled to contribute generously to our discipline. This year's award goes to Professor Hyman Bass of the University of Michigan. Professor Bass has compiled an outstanding record as a research mathematician, he has served with distinction on numerous boards and committees within our profession, and he has worked hard and effectively in the area of mathematics education. Hy cites the honors calculus course he took from Emil Artin at Princeton as the birthplace of his career as a mathematician. From Princeton, he went to the Graduate School at the University of Chicago just as Cartan and Eilenberger's Homological


Based on a survey between all national Institutes of Internal Auditing in Europe this book shows a widespread picture of European Corporate Governance activities and Internal Audit: - Specific questions regarding the current involvement of Internal Audit in Corporate Governance aspects; - the State of the art of Internal Audit: position, scope and quality management; - Focal points for improving the role of Internal Audit in Corporate Governance in Europe. All insights of the book are concentrated on European companies and offer European solutions for Internal Auditing. They are empirically founded and written in a clear and direct way for practical use. This is the first work for the European profession of Internal Audit that formulates eight focal points for improving the role of Internal Audit in Corporate Governance in Europe. The book shows how Internal Audit can fundamentally strengthen good Corporate Governance.


Rhinosinusitis can be brought on by an infection, nasal polyps, or enlargement of the sinus lining. Signs and symptoms include pain and inflammation around the eyes, cheeks, nose, or forehead, as well as a stuffy or blocked nostril which makes it difficult to breathe through the nose. A disorder known as sinusitis affects the four pairs of structures that surround the nasal canals and is characterised by inflammation. Sinusitis or rhinosinusitis is an inflammation of the paranasal sinuses and nasal cavities. The maxillary sinus is most frequently affected, followed by the ethmoid, frontal, and sphenoid sinuses in frequency, even though most episodes of sinusitis comprise more than one sinus. For the study, cases will be chosen at random from patients who visited the OPD at Sarada Krishna Homoeopathic Medical College and had symptoms of rhinosinusitis. The purpose of the study is to determine the effectiveness of homoeopathic medications in the management of rhinosinusitis. It also aims to evaluate the changes that homoeopathic treatment has caused in the patient and access those changes using the SNOT-22 score criteria. RESULT: Out of 10 instances, three (30%) demonstrated a significant improvement, six (60%) a moderate improvement, and one (10%) a slight improvement following the medication and routine follow-up. The most often utilised drug is Lycopodium. The potency used most frequently is 200.


The present invention is generally, nanoparticles, microparticles, and relates to a method and apparatus for the continuous production of nanoparticles / liquid solutions (e.g. colloidal). Nanoparticles (and / or micron-sized particles) are formed wide variety of compositions which may be considered, sizes, and shapes. Particles (e.g., nanoparticles) are preferably using at least one adjustable plasma (e.g. generated by the at least one AC and / or DC power), present in the liquid (e.g., water) (e.g., to generate It is, and / or the liquid, thereby provoking given the presence likely nature particles (e.g. conditioning)). The plasma is in communication with at least a portion of the surface of the liquid. Subsequent and / or substantially simultaneously at least one adjustable electrochemical processing techniques performed also preferred. A plurality of adjustable plasma and / or adjustable electrochemical processing techniques are preferred. Processing enhancing agent can be used alone or in combination with plasma. Semi-continuous process and a batch process can also be utilized. Continuous process, allowed to flow into at least one liquid into the trough member, the trough member flowed through, and to flow out from the trough member. Such liquid is treated with the trough member, conditioned, given and / or impact. The results includes a component formed in the liquid, these components are present in the liquid, a new size, shape, ions of composition, concentration, zeta potential, and certain other novel properties , including micron sized particles and / or nanoparticles (e.g., metal-based nanoparticles).


Software MuTsunami as research tool in Coastal Research Group Institut Teknologi Bandung, was applied to simulate propagation of tsunami and sediment transport in Mentawai. The Tsunami occurred in 25 October 2010, 21:42:22 (GMT +7). The hydrodynamic model was based on Non-Orthogonal curvilinear coordinate in spherical coordinate. The results of simulation were compared with observational data, which was collected by group of researcher from Institut Teknologi Bandung, Waseda University, and Yokohama National University. The agreement between the model and observational data are very good.


This work demonstrates three reliable methods to connect neural stimulation, recording, and modulating technologies to thin film softening bioelectronic devices. These softening devices are manufactured on thiol-based shape memory polymers (SMPs) with photolithographic techniques including gold traces and high charge injection capacity titanium nitride (TiN) electrodes. The charge storage capacity and electrochemical performance of the fabricated devices were compared when interconnected using three different interface methods: surface mounting, ultra-thin chips (UTC), and through-hole substrate etching. Cathodal charge storage capacities above 8 mC/cm2 are demonstrated while maintaining average impedances less than 1 kΩ at 1 kHz for each interconnect technique.


Energy storage systems have been widely employed to attain several benef its, such as reliability improvement, stabilization of power systems connected with renewable energy resources, economic benef its and etc. To achieve the above objectives, the appropriate and effective control strategies for energy storage systems are needed to be developed. This research proposes energy storage system control strategies for power distribution systems equipped with a limited size of energy storage system in order to improve reliability and save energy costs by determining an optimal charging schedule of the energy storage system. Simulation results demonstrate the benef its of energy storage system applications under the different control strategies.


We describe the computation of dispersion constants using variational subspace methods to solve the perturbation theory equations in the tensor product space of the interacting molecules, treated separately at a (full) configuration interaction (CI) level. These new techniques are more accurate than the numerical quadrature of the Casimir Polder integral at the expense of a small additional computational cost. We also show how to compute the norm of the residual of the perturbative solution in the tensor product space to check convergence. The methods are tested on LiH and BH. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005


To determine the dependence of the decrease in the average speed of movement of timber rolling stock on the distribution of the design longitudinal slopes, it is necessary to conduct research. The purpose of the experiment determined the method of its implementation. The speed of movement of timber rolling stock in free movement on roads with certain values of longitudinal slopes was recorded, during the processing of the results of which the speed distributions and the distribution of longitudinal slopes were compared. The aim of the research was to study the speed of movement of timber rolling stock, depending on the flow rate, composition, traffic intensity, width of the roadway and the nature of the longitudinal profile of road sections. Analysis of the material presented leads to the conclusion that the speed of movement of hauling rolling stock is one of the important characteristics, which can be used to assess the impact of forest roads on the economic performance of its work. In the experimental study of the influence of carriageway width, intensity and composition of traffic flow at the speed he is moving hauling rolling stock formulas, giving the opportunity to identify with known error parameters impact roads and traffic flow on the elements of the target function, reflecting vehicle operating costs.


Practice means doing something regularly in order to be able to do it better, generally the work done by doctors. Management is the way something is handled, careful treatment, supervising skills, or those in charge of a business or group.


The spinel samples Co1+xTixCr1.2–2xFe0.8O4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.6) were investigated at room temperature using Mössbauer, X‐ray, and IR spectra. The Mössbauer spectra for x ≤ 0.1 showed only broad six‐lines patterns and for 0.2 ≤ x ≤ 0.5 showed, in addition to the broad six‐lines patterns, a central paramagnetic phase C. The spectrum for x = 0.6 showed only paramagnetic phase C. The six‐lines patterns were analysed to two magnetic patterns attributed to Fe3+ ions on the tetrahedral A‐sites and to Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions on the octahedral B‐sites. The broader B‐site pattern appeared to be composite for x ≤ 0.3, thus it has been analysed to its multicomponents. The paramagnetic phase C was analysed to two quadrupole doublets due to Fe3+ ions at the A‐ and B‐sites. The obtained hyperfine interaction parameters have been studied and discussed as functions of the composition factor x. The cation distributions have been estimated and supported by X‐ray studies. Six absorption bands were observed in the IR spectra and attributed to Fe3+ ions on the A‐ and B‐sites, to Fe2+ and Co2+ ions, and to the energy of the sublattices. The IR bands revealed the existence of Fe2+ ions in the samples. The true and theoretical lattice parameters, the oxygen positional parameter, and the ionic radii, bonds, and edges of the A‐ and B‐sites have been determined from the X‐ray analysis. They were studied and discussed in dependence of x.


. Cross-national empirical research is confronted with several theoretical, methodological and practical problems. Concentrating on theoretical conceptualization, operationalization, design and fieldwork, the research note deals with some of these difficulties on the basis of concrete experiences gathered in the European-wide organized 'European Political Parties' Middle Level Elites Project'.


The Facilities Data Manager (FDM), XFIALS and DaVinci Projects use a unique combination of geo-spatial data base technology, electronic document management and CAD technology to graphically maintain pipeline facilities data. The same common ORACLE 8i™ database (called ORION) hosts cathodic protection measurements, in-line inspection measurements and pipeline risk analysis data. AM/FM/GIS is used to support pipeline risk applications. We will follow the processes involved with using pipeline facilities data and pipeline measurement data to quantitatively calculate the risk of pipeline failures. Pipeline measurement data sets in our database include: mechanical damage susceptibility, pipeline inspections, close interval surveys, hydrostatic test and in-line inspection data.Copyright © 2002 by ASME