The circuits in a military command and control network are expected to operate continuously in spite of changes and damage, and must be restored in minutes should they fail. Using object-oriented design methods as a basis for development, this paper describes an approach to the decentralized allocation of circuits in such a network. Aided by local knowledged-based allocation-assistants that collectively guide a circuit-restoration message to its destination via available routes, a node-operator at the destination authorizes one of the proposed circuit routes for allocation of resources. In such a network, a common software-based assistant distributed to each node, can aid operators in the rapid reconstruction of a badly damaged network. This approach also provides a planning aide for tactical network designers, who can use this approach to model nodes, trunk-lines, channels and circuits. Distributed allocation allows network planners to forgo stored restoration plans as their principal means of maintaining service. In time of war, such plans cannot accommodate multiple outages or respond to rapidly changing needs. Node-operators, making use of knowledge-based allocation assistants, can make the necessary decisions.


ISSUE: In 2011, a hospital began collecting bloodstream infection (BSI) data for the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN). The data showed that the Bone Marrow Transplant Unit had much higher BSI rates than other units. The high rates appeared to be due to the extreme vulnerability of bone marrow and stem cell transplant patients, because non-transplant oncology patients in the unit were not affected. Transplant patients have two major vulnerabilities: *They receive quad-lumen central lines upon admission. All four lumens are continually used, providing multiple openings for bacterial ingress. *Before transplantation, patients' immune systems are completely ablated. Accordingly, the unit sought to implement preventive practices and technologies. PROJECT: *In late-2011, the unit implemented a chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) bath for patients. *In February 2012, the unit commenced a three-month trial of an intravenous (IV) needleless connector with design elements aimed at preventing BSIs. For instance, the "zero displacement" connector does not cause blood reflux in the connector's fluid pathway when tubing/devices are connected or disconnected. It also has a straight fluid pathway that is easy to flush clean of blood. The literature shows that positive and negative displacement connectors are associated with higher BSI rates, which may be due to blood reflux and hard-to-flush/clean fluid pathways, among other design problems. *Connector implementation was supported with staff education. Nurses took ownership of connector placement, including relevant patient education. *In August 2012, the unitimplementedanewversionoftheconnectorwithachlorhexidine and silver-impregnated septum. A chlorhexidine-silver combination has been shown to be more effective at killing pathogens than silver alone. The device also has a silver-impregnated pathway and hub. RESULTS: Since implementing the chlorhexidine-and-silver impregnated connector, the unit has had only one BSI during three months of available data. BSI rate for that span is 0.88/1,000 catheter days. (This data is from a quality improvement initiative, not prospective research.) The unit's year-to-date BSI rate prior to implementing the connector was 4.95. The NHSN benchmark is 3.50. LESSON LEARNED: *IV connectors are often overlooked when hospitals try to address high BSI rates, even though the literature shows certain widely used types to be more infection-prone. *A connector that combines chlorhexidine and silver with other preventive advantages may be associated with sharply reduced BSIs. Note that the sample size to date is small but growing. *The vulnerabilities of potential transplant patients require efforts to prevent BSIs beyond standard bundle protocols.


Introduction: Congenital malformations are currently an important cause of morbidity and mortality in many countries, though in most cases their etiology is unknown. The central nervous system (CNS) is involved in many of these defects. Original Research Article Porto et al.; BJMMR, 6(10): 956-964, 2015; Article no.BJMMR.2015.272 957 Objective: To study the factors associated with CNS congenital malformations and their prevalence in infants born at a high risk maternity hospital in Northeastern Brazil. Materials and Methods: A case-control study performed from January 2010 to December 2011, with data from The Latin American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations. Results: Among the 8.405 registered births, 187 were malformed newborns (2.2%). Nervous system malformations were diagnosed in 61 patients (32.6% (CI = 95% 27.5 to 38.0)), the most frequent being neural tube defects and congenital hydrocephaly. Previous history of miscarriage and/or stillbirth (p = 0.008), family history of malformations (p < 0.001) and parental consanguinity (p = 0.028) are associated with CNS malformation. Environmental factors such as maternal chronic diseases, smoking, exposure to teratogenic drugs and alcohol presented no statistically significant differences. Conclusions: The genetic component was an important contributing factor to the etiology of the malformations studied.


For the end effect of empirical mode decomposition( EMD) keeping pace with increase in filtering level,a new improved method using a combination of extension and variable cosine window was proposed. Firstly,the signal was extended with a certain length of data. Then,the extended signal was processed at both ends with variable cosine window before extracting every intrinsic model function( IMF) to make the end effect of each IMF minimized and to ensure the correct decomposition and the improvement of the EMD algorithm. Simulation analysis and crack fault diagnosis examples showed that the proposed method can inhibit end effects effectively.


This paper describes the problem of ambush marketing: the act of attempting to associate with an event without buying the rights to do so. From the perspective of the organizers and sponsors of large-scale media and athletic events, the problem is significant. More than $100 billion is spent annually on purchasing sponsorship rights and the associated promotions. For companies who have not paid for such rights to be able to imply an association with these high-profile events dilutes the value of that sponsorship. Despite the size of the problem, however, (and except for the special coverage many countries afford Olympic activities) there is little legal protection against all but the most blatant marketing encroachment.


This paper is concerned with the dynamic stability of nonlinear chatter leading to instability machining at a Hopf bifurcation point. Regions of stable and unstable chatter machining are identified in an infinite-dimensional space for a reasonable and fixed time delay between successive cuts. The influence of nonlinear cutting force as a function of the chip thickness and feed rate, and parametric excitations on machining dynamics have been characterized.


Wharton's jelly (WJ) is considered a potential scaffold in tissue‐engineered trachea for its similar composition and function to cartilage tissue. However, the feasibility of using WJ to construct engineered neocartilage tissue has not been reported, let alone tubular tracheal cartilage regeneration and segmental tracheal lesion repair. Here, electrospun nanofibrous membranes composed of three different decellularized WJ matrix (DWJM)/poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) ratios (8:2, 5:5, and 2:8) are fabricated. The results demonstrate improved degradation speed, absorption, and cell adhesion capacity but weakened mechanical properties with increased DWJM content, but satisfactory homogeneous cartilage regeneration is only achieved in the DWJM/PCL (8:2) group after 12 weeks in vivo culture. Furthermore, homogeneous, 3D, tubular, trachea‐shaped cartilage is constructed with a controllable lumen diameter and wall thickness based on the 2D nanofibrous membrane using a modified sandwich model, in which the chondrocyte‐membrane construct is rolled around a silicon tube. Most importantly, by combining the above schemes with previously established vascularization and epithelialization techniques, chondrification, vascularization, and epithelialization are achieved simultaneously thus realizing long‐term (6 months) circumferential tracheal lesion repair in a rabbit model with a biological structure and function similar to that of native trachea, representing a promising approach for the clinical application of tracheal tissue engineering.


These tutorials introduce some basics of imaging with coherent X-rays, focusing on phase contrast. We consider the transport-of-intensity equation, as one particular method for X-ray phase contrast imaging among many, before passing on to the inverse problem of phase retrieval. These ideas are applied to two-dimensional and three-dimensional propagation-based phase-contrast imaging using coherent X-rays. We then consider the role of partial coherence, and sketch a generic means by which partially coherent X-ray imaging scenarios may be modelled, using the space-frequency description of partial coherence. Besides covering fundamental concepts in both theory and practice, we also give opinions on future trends in X-ray phase contrast imaging including X-ray tomography, and comparison of different phase contrast imaging methods. These tutorials will be accessible to those with a basic background in optics (e.g. wave equation, Maxwell equations, Fresnel and Fraunhofer diffraction, and the basics of Fourier and vector analysis) and interactions of X-rays with matter (e.g. attenuation mechanisms and complex refractive index).


Martin Jay, renowned intellectual historian from UC Berkeley, here examines these questions in a grand survey of the term's use throughout the intellectual history of what was once called Western Civilization. Beginning with the ancient Greeks (of course), he reviews the surprising number of variations employed and assumed by philosophers, theologians critical theorists, and right up to the poststructuralists. Jay knows his territory and reading this survey of it — for anyone with any sort of background in the history of philosophy — is often as pleasant as hearing a familiar symphony well-played in a unique way.


In Reply. —We thank Drs Baron and Greenberg for appropriately pointing out that our study would have benefitted by adjusting for the age distribution in the parkinsonian population. However, we doubt that our omission of this adjustment carries the dire consequences suggested. First, the Table Baron and Greenberg provide commits the common error of failing to include adjustment for differential mortality. Smokers suffer a mortality of 1.8 times that of nonsmokers, 1 so any group of older living persons will therefore be biased against ever-smokers. The gradient in the Table is greatly accentuated by this bias. Second, the prevalence of current smoking among those with Parkinson's disease (PD) is very low—about 6%. 2 Therefore, the relevant figures for age adjustment should not be for ever -smokers, but former smokers, because nearly all ever-smokers with PD are actually former smokers. The ever-smoker figures in Baron and Greenberg's Table are actually totals of former


After a year as visiting professor of journalism in the Graduate School of National Chengchi University, Taipei, the author finds that the press in Taiwan is much different from that of a police state. Dr. Culmsee is dean of humanities and sciences as well as head of journalism at Utah State Agricultural College.


Runaway stars can result from core-collapse supernovae in multiple stellar systems. If the supernova disrupts the system, the companion gets ejected with its former orbital velocity. A clear identification of a runaway star can yield the time and place of the explosion as well as orbital parameters of the pre-supernova binary system. Previous searches have mostly considered O- and B-type stars as runaway stars because they are always young in absolute terms (not much older than the lifetime of the progenitor) and can be detected up to larger distances. We present here a search for runaway stars of all spectral types. For late-type stars, a young age can be inferred from the lithium test. We used Gaia data to identify and characterise runaway star candidates in nearby supernova remnants, obtained spectra of 39 stars with UVES at the VLT and HDS at the Subaru telescope and found a significant amount of lithium in the spectra of six dwarf stars. We present the spectral analysis, including measurements of radial velocities, atmospheric parameters and lithium abundances. Then we estimate the ages of our targets from the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram and with the lithium test, present a selection of promising runaway star candidates and draw constraints on the number of ejected runaway stars compared to model expectations.


The invention relates to a process for preparing 20,23-bi-piperidyl-5-O-carbon mould amine glycosyl-tylosin lactone. Tylosin tartrate serves as a raw material, an intermediate product of 23-oxhydryl-5-O-carbon mould amine glycosyl-tylosin lactone is obtained through hydrolyzation, an organic phase is extracted through phase inversion, and an intermediate product of 20-piperidyl-23-oxhydryl-5-O-carbon mould amine glycosyl-tylosin lactone is produced through combination with piperidine under the effect of methanoic acid. A final product of the 20,23-bi-piperidyl-5-O-carbon mould amine glycosyl-tylosin lactone is formed by ammonization with the piperidine through iodination. By the aid of the process, the production technology is simplified, the dosage of auxiliary raw materials such as the piperidine, iodine and an organic solvent is greatly reduced, the purity of the obtained product is higher than 98%, the yield of the final product of the 20,23-bi-piperidyl-5-O-carbon mould amine glycosyl-tylosin lactone reaches 58.7%, and the process has good industrial application prospects.


A family of tripodal tetraamine ligands incorporating two pyrazolyl and one 1,2,3-triazolyl donor arm have been synthesized in modest-to-excellent yields (42–90 %) using the copper(i)-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction. Mono-, bis-, and tris-tripodal ligand scaffolds were readily generated using this method. The coordination chemistry of the ligands with cobalt(iii) ions has been studied, and cobalt(iii) carbonato complexes of the ligands have been isolated and characterized spectroscopically and crystallographically. X-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy of the mono-metallic complexes showed that racemic mixtures of the cis-isomer are formed selectively. The di- and tri-metallic systems could not be crystallized, but NMR spectroscopy indicates that these compounds were isolated as mixtures of stereoisomers.


A growing number of college (postsecondary) students are in recovery from addiction to drugs or alcohol. In this article, we discuss the experiences of students returning to a university campus after long-term addiction treatment. We also explore the role of a Collegiate Recovery Program (CRP) in providing support, and in helping the students develop post-addiction identities that will sustain them. To do so, we draw on Goffman's ideas related to stigma, as well as conceptualizations of identity reconstruction as a practiced, lived experience. Students interviewed faced a double bind; they sought to escape the stigmatized identity of "addict," but could not identify as typical students because of their abstinence from alcohol and drugs. The CRP helped them manage the transition to student life, provided a safe haven on campus, and provided an alternate and positive identity: a student in recovery.


From an introduction it is concluded that (i) analyses of existing priority problems must be made for current farming systems, with the farmers concerned themselves advising on their needs, (ii) provincial/regional agrometeorologists are as important as the means they have to actually serve the farmers with planning and information and (iii) all local research undertakings must intentionally be related to these means, needs and problems. The recommendations based on this same introduction are that (a) dialogues with farmers, of each farming system distinguished in the region, are the very beginning of preparing for agrometeorological services, (b) for various farmer groups involved, income levels must be considered as well as occupation, where applicable and (c) an inventory of best practices for natural risk reduction, that have actually made a difference in the livelihood of farmers, should be established. In the remainder of this paper four questions are answered: (i) what is sustainable development? (2) what is the role of agricultural meteorology? (3) what about the explicit role of research? (4) can development be sustainable when the climate is not sustainable? From the answers three overall conclusions are drawn: (I) means of communication & education are part of sustainable development; (II) to a large extent only richer farmers are able to make use of whatever support systems are organized while the majority of marginal farmers are left in misery; (III) developing a response farming approach with forecasting capabilities that change and improve in the course of time, is a condition for sustainable development. Also three overall recommendations are made: (α) use the expression "agrometeorological services to prepare farmers for climate extremes and climate use" because it is closest to reality; (β) new or adapted preparedness strategies have to be developed as responses to increasing climate variability, but once response farming is aimed at, this remains the same approach but to more varying conditions; (γ) society as a whole must want to focus on rural as well as industrial development.


Three-state behavior has been demonstrated in Si and InGaAs FETs when two layers of cladded nanodots (e.g. SiOx-cladded Si or GeOx-cladded Ge) are assembled on the thin tunnel gate insulator. The advantages of 3-state behavior in reducing device count in logic, analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), and DACs has been reported [1]. Unlike three-state QDG-FETs, four-state devices offer significant advantages in reducing device count and power dissipation in multi-valued logic architecture.


Latin American regional journals have adopted measures to increase both quality and visibility, among which figure the promotion of their inclusion in international databases such as Scopus and Web of Science. An increasing number have recently taken advantage of the support and hosting services offered by Elsevier on the Science Direct platform, with the expectation of achieving these goals. This study examines tendencies in the coverage of Latin American journals in these databases and their metadata, to typify the most common errors which can affect the use of bibliometric indicators in individual and institutional evaluations and their integration into scholarly reputation systems.


ABSTRACT In humans, gain-of-function (GOF) mutations in RHBDF2 cause the skin disease tylosis. We generated a mouse model of human tylosis and show that GOF mutations in RHBDF2 cause tylosis by enhancing the amount of amphiregulin (AREG) secretion. Furthermore, we show that genetic disruption of AREG ameliorates skin pathology in mice carrying the human tylosis disease mutation. Collectively, our data suggest that RHBDF2 plays a critical role in regulating EGFR signaling and its downstream events, including development of tylosis, by facilitating enhanced secretion of AREG. Thus, targeting AREG could have therapeutic benefit in the treatment of tylosis. Summary: Gain-of-function mutations in RHBDF2 cause tylosis, a skin disease characterized by hyperproliferation of keratinocytes. We generated mice carrying the human tylosis disease mutation p.P189L and show that enhanced amphiregulin secretion underlies tylosis.


Evaluating a Horse for Purchase Buying a horse can be quite a task for the first time horse buyer. It is very beneficial for the buyer to have some horse experience prior to ownership, perhaps by working at a stable or by taking riding lessons. Prior experience with horse management and handling will help the new owner become a responsible and educated horse owner. As a first time buyer it is wise to ask a more experienced horse person to help in evaluating potential horses. Some questions that should be considered prior to purchasing a horse include: • Age and experience of potential new owner • Type of horse wanted, including breed, sex and ability • Riding style: English, Western, Trail Riding, Showing, etc. • Horse care and housing • Potential costs of horse ownership • How to locate a horse • Is a pre-purchase exam important • Locating a local veterinarian


We study blow-up behaviour of solutions of the fourth-order thin film equation u_t = -\nabla \cdot (|u|^n \nabla \Delta u) - \D(|u|^{p-1}u), \quad n>0, \,\,\, p>1, which contains a backward (unstable) diffusion term. Our main goal is a detailed study of the case of the first critical exponent p=p_0= \mbox{n+1 + \frac 2N} \quad for \,\,\, n \in (0,\mbox{\frac 32}), where N ≥ 1 is the space dimension. We show that the free-boundary problem with zero contact angle and zero-flux conditions admits continuous sets (branches) of blow-up self-similar solutions. For the Cauchy problem in RN × R+, we detect compactly supported blow-up patterns, which have infinitely many oscillations near interfaces and exhibit a "maximal" regularity there. As a key principle, we use the fact that, for small positive n, such solutions are close to the similarity solutions of the semilinear unstable limit Cahn-Hilliard equation u_t = -\D^2 u - \D(|u|^{p-1}u) \quad \mbox{in} \ren \times \re_+, which are better understood and have been studied earlier [19]. We also discuss some general aspects of formation of self-similar blow-up singularities for other values of p.


"In economic research, empirical evidence has been missing on the question whether vacancies can be seen as a forward indicator for employment. Discussing current trends in vacancies, this is often assumed: An increase in the number of job vacancies gets linked to good prospects for employment. What has been missing is empirical evidence that is grounded on representative data for an economy as a whole. Based on data from the German Job Vacancy Survey, we shed some light on the relationship between job vacancies and hires. For the first time this is explored with data on job vacancies in Germany that is representative for the economy as a whole. We estimate a dynamic linear panel model taking into account the time series structure of the data. The analyses show a significant and positive relationship between immediately to be filled vacancies and new hires. The latter were drawn from the statistics of the German Federal Employment Agency. The effect is strongest with a time-lag of two quarters. Including marginal, small-scale employment (geringfugige Beschaftigung) into our estimation we also found a positive and significant effect of vacancies on hirings in the same quarter. The findings presented herein will be the starting point for our further research on the role of job vacancies in the labor market." (Author's abstract, IAB-Doku) ((en))


Green energy sources are pollution-free energy sources, and their use has increased. Sizing is a fundamental requirement of hybrid energy systems (HES) since renewable energy sources are intermittent. This study represents an optimal sizing for grid connected and off-grid wind-photo Voltaic (PV) hybrid energy system. Differential evolutionary (DE) algorithm is implemented for optimization of HES for minimization of cost of energy(COE). It has been noticed that the result of an on-grid connected system is more economical and reliable as compared to off-grid energy system. A brief comparison has been carried out between traditional solver (TS) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) with the DE algorithm. Moreover, it is also observed from the results that the DE algorithm comes up with better outcomes as compared to TS and PSO. Seasonal effects are also included in this study.


This study was conducted to investigate the impacts of water logging and salinity on crop production in village Adina, District Swabi of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Questionnaire survey was used for data collection about underlying causes of water logging and salinity in the area, comparative assessment of yield production in water logged and non-water logged soil and vulnerability of different crops to water logging and salinity. Soil was also analyzed for pH and Electrical Conductivity. Study findings indicated that yield of crops was comparatively low approximately (88%) in water logged and saline areas. The major causes contributing to water logging and salinity were seepage from canals and Terbala Dam (48%) and poor irrigation practices of farmers (28%). Rice crop was resistant to water logging while maize and wheat were most effected crops. Results of analysis indicated that pH and electrical conductivity of water logged soil samples was high. It is suggested on the basis of results that modern scientific methods should be used for irrigation and cultivation in the affected area. Salinity Control and Reclamation Project (SCARP) was launched in the area that proved effective but still there is a need to upgrade the existing project to reclaim important agricultural land.


Activation of the serine kinase protein kinase D (PKD)/PKCμ is controlled by the phosphorylation of two serine residues within its activation loop via a PKC-dependent signaling cascade. In this study we have identified the C-terminal serine 916 residue as an in vivo phosphorylation site within active PKD/PKCμ. An antibody that recognized PKD/PKCμ proteins specifically phosphorylated on the serine 916 residue was generated and used to show that phosphorylation of Ser-916 is induced by phorbol ester treatment of cells. Thus, the pS916 antibody is a useful tool to study the regulation of PKD/PKCμ activity in vivo. Antigen receptor ligation of T and B lymphocytes also induced phosphorylation of the serine 916 residue of PKD/PKCμ. Furthermore the regulatory FcγRIIB receptor, which mediates vital negative feedback signals to the B cell antigen receptor complex, inhibited the antigen receptor-induced activation and serine 916 phosphorylation of PKD/PKCμ. The degree of serine 916 phosphorylation during lymphocyte activation and inhibition exactly correlated with the activation status of PKD/PKCμ. Moreover, using different mutants of PKD/PKCμ, we show that serine 916 is not trans-phosphorylated by an upstream kinase but is rather an autophosphorylation event that occurs following activation of PKD/PKCμ.


[Objective] To investigate the influence of atorvastatin on interleukin-1β(IL-1β) in plasma and inflammatory response of rats with sepsis.[Methods] Sepsis models were made with male SD rats.The sepsis models of rats were manufactured by cecal ligation and puncture(CLP).A total of 100 healthy rats were divided randomly into 4 groups(n=25) including sham-operation,CLP,low-dose atorvastatin(20 mg/kg·d) and high-dose(40 mg/kg·d) groups.The sepsis severities of the model animals were scored according to modified sepsis severity assessment standards of experimental animals.Blood samples from five rats in each group were collected to detect IL-1β concentration in plasma with ELISA at postoperative 0,3,6,12 and 24 hours.We compared the sepsis severity score and IL-1β concentration in plasma of the rats among these groups.[Results] At 0 h,the sepsis severity scores did not have significant difference among the four groups(P0.05).The variation of scores was not obvious in sham-operation group at the four time point,but at 3 h,6 h,12 h and 24 h,the scores in CLP,low-dose atorvastatin and high-dose atorvastatin groups decreased gradually.There was significant difference among the three groups(P0.01).At 0 h,IL-1β levels of plasma did not have significant difference among the four groups(P0.05).However at 3 h,6 h,12 h and 24 h,the IL-1β levels in plasma in CLP,low-dose atorvastatin and high-dose atorvastatin groups decreased gradually.There was significant difference among the three groups(P0.01).[Conclusions] Atorvastatin may be helpful for treatment of sepsis due to its ability to inhibits the release of IL-1β in sepsis rats.


Research activities of humanities scholars are complex. Novel methodologies are needed to facilitate investigation of their information behavior processes. This poster presents a case study designed to evaluate use of information encountering (IE) model as a methodological framework for soliciting rich feedback about serendipity in information behavior via research activities of an art historian. The preliminary findings reveal intricate connections between information encountering and searching that evolve over a long period of time.


ROSEMONTI Ill. — Challenging current beliefs, a Yale health care advocate told AAP Chapter Forum participants that nonphysician providers often furnish health care that9s as good as, and sometimes better than, physicians9 treatment. "They9re here, they9re effective, they9re accepted and they9re needed," Yale University Law School Associate Dean Barbara Safriet said during her Sept. 23 speech.


Introduction Lymphoma ranks third in the incidence of small bowel malignancy, with adenocarcinoma being the commonest (1). Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) constitutes about two percent of adult non-Hodgkin lymphoma and is a subset of T cell lymphoma histology. It has a bimodal age distribution with regard to incidence with the first peak in adolescence and the second after the sixth decade , with a male predominance. Four cases of primary small bowel ALCL presenting with perforation have previously been reported (1). However, literature regarding metastatic ALCL to the small bowel presenting with perforation is scarce. We report a case of metastatic ALCL which presented as jejunal perforation.


ABSTRACT The aim of this paper is to construct a new model order reduction method for linear dynamic systems. In this technique, the denominator polynomial of the reduced order model (ROM) is obtained by the balanced truncation method and the numerator polynomial is calculated by the factor division technique. This method is proposed for overcoming the existing problems of the balanced truncation method such as mismatch of steady-state values of the reduced model and the original model. The proposed method guarantees the preservation of stability and steady-state value of the original system in the ROM; hence, it preserves the advantages of balanced truncation and factor division methods in the reduced model. A special advantage of the proposed technique is that it guarantees the preservation of the first few time moments of the original system in the ROM. The mathematical modeling of the dc–dc converter is also developed and by using the proposed method its fourth-order original system is reduced to a second-order model in such a way that the reduced system preserves the fundamental features of the original system. In order to show the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed technique, three standard numerical examples are taken from the literature. The proposed method is compared with the recent and popular techniques of model order reduction with the help of MATLAB.


a new method for simultaneous determination of Calcium Glycerophosphate by using eluent generator ion chromatography has been described. The disadvantage of matrix and big interference in toothpaste can be avoided. Detection limit of glycerophosphate was 0.2mg/g. recoveries were 95.4%~99%. With this method, which can be applied in samples with matrix, good linear relationship, sensitivity and reproducibility were obtained.


In this article I describe a method of fostering empathy in undergraduate and graduate students of abnormal psychology. Students depicted a psychological disorder by writing a brief biography and then role playing the characters they developed. Students demonstrated understanding of the disorders by acting and interacting in a manner consistent with their character and diagnosing other student "characters" using criteria from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders–IV (American Psychiatric Association, 1994). Interpersonal Reactivity Index (Davis, 1980) results indicated student empathy increased significantly after the exercises. Qualitative analyses of focus group interview data supported and augmented the quantitative findings. Students attributed complex gains to the exercises.


[Objective]To understand the performance characteristics of methadone maintenance treatment patients,provide scientific basis for better AIDS prevention and control among the target population.[Methods]Investigation was conducted for 715 methadone maintenance treatment patients treated in drug maintenance clinic of methadone community of Luzhou Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention from March 2006 to August 2008.[Results]Of the 715 cases,male accounted for 86.29%,HIV infection rate accounted for 3.78%,27.69% of them shared drug needles with others,12.17% of them had more than one partners.The condom use rate was 23.00% at the last time when had sex behavior.[Conclusion]The prevalence of HIV was high among methadone maintenance treatment patients.Behavior intervention and health education must be conducted for the target population.


A research study on evaluation of performance of a single cylinder four stroke otto engine was conducted in the Lab. of Farm Power and Machinery, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam. The actual size of engine parameters like bore, stroke, swept volume, clearance volume, compression ratio and r.p.m. were recorded and computed. Based on the actual size of the engine parameters the indicated horse power (ihp), brake horse power (bhp) and friction horse power (fhp) was determined and were found to be 1.54, 1.29 and 0.25, respectively. The mechanical efficiency and thermal efficiency was also calculated and were found to be 83% and 20.5%, respectively. The fuel consumption per hour was found to be 0.8 liter/hour while the fuel consumption per distance traveled was found to be 60 km/liter.


In a previous paper (Biological Bulletin, vol. 34, no. 5, May, 1918) I traced the spermatogenesis of the edible crab of the Pacific coast, Cancer magister Dana. In the present article various stages in the spermatogenesis of three other species of Cancer crabs, namely, Cancer productus Randall, Cancer oregonensis (Dana) Rathbun, and Cancer gracilis Dana, will be discussed from a comparative standpoint. These forms, like Cancer magister, are also common t o the Pacific coast of the United States, being quite abundant along Puget Sound, where most of the material f o r the present research was obtained.


This study uses the Environmental Impact Quotient (EIQ) to assess the health and ecological risks caused by fungicides used in chrysanthemum cultivation upstream of Xuan Huong Lake, Da Lat city. Survey results reveal that 134 farmers use 21 fungicides with 18 active ingredients on a total area of 35.2 hectares. In all, 18 fungicides with an EIQ at the level of "unlikely to be hazardous" (EIQ < 25) are used on about 95% of the acreage, and 3 fungicides with an EIQ of "slightly hazardous" (25 < EIQ < 50) are used on the rest of the area. The Field Use EIQ of fungicide was rated very low in only 8.2% of the survey area and moderate in 48%. Areas with high and very high ratings account for 3% and 41%, respectively. Using fungicides according to the instructions can reduce the Field Use EIQ values in cultivated areas by 38% and return areas with high and moderate ratings to a low rating. Therefore, it is necessary to instruct farmers on the safe use of fungicides and to recommend those with low EIQ values for chrysanthemum cultivation.


Many hard-to-explain facets of current Ukrainian foreign and domestic policy are related to the aspects of Ukraine's state formation. These factors and their role at various stages of the Ukrainian history are investigated in this paper.


The octadentate, tetranucleating ligand o-phenylenebis-[6-oxyl-1,4-bis-(2′-pyridylamino)phthalazine](L) bonds two pairs of well separated, antiferromagnetically coupled copper(II) ions in one molecular entity in the derivative [Cu4(L)(µ2-OH)2(µ2-NO3)2(NO3)2(H2O)2](NO3)2·4H2O 1.


This article studies occupational segregation in Europe by gender and immigration status using the European Labour Force Survey for 2005 – 19 . Unlike previous studies, it quantifies levels of segregation separately for female and male immigrants in each country. Overall, male immigrants experience lower occupational segregation than their female counterparts and the second generation is less segregated than the first. Segregation is generally lower in North-Western Europe and higher in the South-East. A counterfactual analysis reveals that immigrants ' characteristics explain a small part of these cross-country differences. Institutional setting, integration policies and country- specific norms might play a major role. The shortcomings of incident-based metrics for worker safety such as total recordable incident frequency rate (TRIFR) are well documented. In particular, a low TRIFR is no assurance against legal liability. There is considerable overlap between the literature on safety as the presence of capacities to make things go well, and jurisprudence in labour and workplace safety law on employer due diligence. In this article, the authors propose an index that merges the two, measuring the capacities to acquire and main-tain safety knowledge, to understand the nature of operations, to resource for safety, to respond to risks, to demonstrate engagement and compliance, and for assurance. This article considers the effects of trans identity on people ' s workplace experiences. Drawing on in-depth individual interviews with 12 trans people in Switzerland in 2014 – 15 , the author identifies the difficulties and successes of their experiences through the perspective of three dimensions: the effects of the type of transition they undergo (towards the male or female gender), difficulties in reconciling the temporalities of transitions with those of employers, and the circumstances in which individuals "come out". Reflecting on trans people ' s access to economic citizenship, the author recom-mends revising labour legislation and raising awareness among managers of the issues surrounding trans identity. Digital labour platforms have been widely promoted as a solution to the unemploy-ment crisis sparked by the COVID- 19 pandemic. However, the pandemic has also high-lighted the vulnerability of gig workers when cast as essential workers. This article examines the COVID- 19 policies of 191 platforms in 43 countries to understand how the crisis has shifted the conventions of the gig economy. Using a typology of "fair platform work", the authors identify areas of progress in worker protection but also significant shortfalls, including the entrenchment of precarious work as platforms leverage the opportunities arising from the crisis. This article analyses the effects of the pandemic on the work process at two digital delivery platforms operating in Argentina and Chile: Rappi and PedidosYa. Using semi-structured interviews and an analysis of the press and websites, it looks at how the platforms have shifted the costs of the crisis to workers by leveraging the independ-ent contractor status and tightening control. In response, the couriers have mounted various types of resistance, ranging from renting out or loaning accounts to organiz-ing international strikes. ISSN 0020-7780 www.ilo.org/revue The International Labour Review (ILR) is a member of the International Association of Labour Law Journals (www.labourlawjournals.com). Bibliographic references to articles in the ILR are included in Labordoc, the institutional repository of the International Labour Office, as well as in the following sources: Web of Science (SSCI), Wiley Online Library All Journals, HeinOnline Law Journal Library, ProQuest Social Sciences Premium Collection, ProQuest Research Library, Business Source, GenderWatch, EconLit and ABI/INFORM Collection. Information on the ILO, including ILO publications, is available online at www.ilo.org. This article explores how the COVID- 19 pandemic has affected platform workers ' work and life experiences in Poland and how they have responded. These workers have been exposed to substantial fluctuations in demand during the pandemic, magnifying the distortions existing in an unregulated asymmetrical employment relationship that diverges from the standard employment relationship. Findings illustrate how workers have attempted to reduce the disruptions underpinning this relationship by adopting different strategies, which resemble Hirschman ' s typology of exit, voice and loyalty. The authors explain workers ' choice of strategy by different levels of access to re-sources and institutional capabilities, as well as by variations in workers ' orientations. the COVID- 19 pandemic when the platforms were not allowed to operate. Findings suggest that while social media offered workers in-creased opportunities, their success was largely dependent on their social networks and bounded by the algorithms designed by platform owners.


Adducts of imidazolium carbenes and carbodiimides (NHC-CDI) are emerging as a new class of thermally stable and modular zwitterions with many potential applications. Our study of the interaction of a representative NHC-CDI zwitterion with ZnCl2 in dichloromethane led to the serendipitous discovery of a highly selective, double activation of dichloromethane C-Cl bonds.


The dielectric spectrum of mixed CuInP2(S0.7Se0.3)6 crystals was investigated. The calculated distribution of relaxation times confirms glassy behaviour and the maxima of the distribution of the relaxation times follow Vogel-Fulcher law with parameters: activation energy E A = 9.4 · 10−2 eV, dipole freezing temperature T 0 = 21.9 K and attempt frequency υ0 = 1/(2π τ0) = 0.149 THz. From all presented results we see, that CuInP2(S0.7Se0.3)6 crystal shows typical dipolar glass dielectric dispersion and we may conclude that this crystal belongs to new family of materials that exhibits a dipolar glass behavior.


The electric drive of a hoist must ensure the formation of the required tachogram and the diagram of driving forces. The tachogram depends on the type of lifting vehicles. For hoist electric drives based on a wound-rotor induction motor, it is possible to use a frequency converter in the rotor circuit to control the motor speed and torque. When designing a converter, the problem arises of determining the operating modes of its bridges and the current direction between them. The article analyzes the operating modes of the hoisting motor in accordance with various sections of the tachogram of the unit and the connection between the mechanical and electrical coordinates of the drive. The analysis carried out in the work makes it possible to obtain and implement methods for determining the parameters of the frequency converter in the rotor circuit and developing an algorithm for controlling the converter bridges to ensure the required tachogram and driving force diagram.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to address the question of what libraries can do to help narrow the digital divide that causes unequal access to information.Design/methodology/approach – This study examines the continuing problem of digital divide in the United States based on data collected from several national and organizational reports along with our own survey.Findings – The findings show that the problem of digital divide, which is specifically affected by various demographic factors, still exists despite the rapid uptake of new technologies, which is occurring among a majority of groups of Americans in the United States.Originality/value – The study focuses on the important roles of libraries in today's society by looking at ways libraries can actively utilize and expand upon their work toward equalizing access to information for the future benefit of those who remain disenfranchised by the digital divide.


The band structure, total energies, and relaxed geometries are calculated for the C(111), C(100), and C(110) surfaces using a parametrized tight-binding model for carbon. The method and addition of C-H parameters to the model are described in detail. Results for the bare and hydrogenated C(111) surfaces are used to compare the accuracy of the method with ab initio techniques. A stable hydrogenated (2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1) \ensuremath{\pi} reconstructed surface is found, which resembles the C(110) surface. Removal of one H atom from the dihydride C(100) results in a 3/2 hydride surface, where the odd hydrogen is bonded equally to two surface carbons. Although the fully H-covered C(100)(2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1) surface has a clean gap, the partially covered surface has a half-filled state, consistent with photoemission data. The geometries and H vibrations are also presented for the C(110) surface. The surface chains on the bare C(110) have bond lengths close to graphite and dimerize from a Peierls distortion. Addition of H to this surface restores the bond lengths to approximately that of bulk diamond. Comparison of the band structures and H vibrations with experiment helps identify the nature of the hydrogen coverage on the surfaces.


Background: Community-acquired pneumonia is the most severe form of acute respiratory infections. Aim of Study: This study aimed to assess the role of copeptin as an early predictor of severity of community- acquired pneumonia in children. Patients and Methods: A case-control study was conducted on 53 children with community acquired pneumonia and another 40 children as controls with their gestational age, sex and weight matched, admitted to pediatric clinics from January 2021 to the end of December 2021. Blood samples for copeptin and procalcitonin were drawn and sent for analysis. Imaging techniques as X-ray, computed topography and ultrasound were used to assess the diagnosis of pneumonia. Results: Blood levels of copeptin in children with pneu- monia with a median of 65pmol/L were much higher than copeptin levels in controls with a median of 0.65pmol/L (P-value <0.001). Pneumonia complications were reported in 27 (50.9%) children. Higher severity scores as PRESS score, repertory illness score, bacterial pneumonia score, and PIRO score were reported in children with complicated pneumonia. Serum higher levels of copeptin and procalcitonin were reported in children with pneumonia compared to the control groups ( p -value <0.001). Conclusion: Serum blood levels of copeptin might be used as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for community-acquired pneumonia.


OLAP is a multidimensional view of complete data in the data store used for multidimensional analysis. It is the most practical approach used in the data warehouse for analytical process of large data and provides tools for analytical and statistical analysis of data. Association rule learning is a popular method for discovering user interested relations between variables in very large databases. Apriori_cube is advanced algorithm of traditional Apriori algorithm and is used to discover the association rules in multidimensional datasets. This algorithm is used to integrate OLAP and the Association rule mining and build a system which provides rules which can be further analyzed to take decisions regarding the market trends.


Lipoxin A, stimulates rapid lipid remodeling and a pertussis toxin-sensitive release of arachidonic acid in polymorphonuclear  leukocytes  (PMN)  (Nigam, S., Fiore, S., Luscinskas, F. W., and Serhan, C. N. (1990) J. Cell. Physiol. 143,512-523) and has been shown to inhibit leukocyte responses in several systems. To examine the basis underlying these actions, we have prepared [ 11 ,12-3H]lipoxin A4 (LXA4) and characterized its interactions with human PMN. Time course studies (0-90 min) with intact PMN demonstrated cell association of 3H label which was specific and reversible. PMN bound [3H]LXA4 with a K d of 0.5 f 0.3 nM, representing -1,830 sites/PMN, and the Hill plot value of 1.9 suggests cooperative binding. [3H]LXA4 binding was stereoselective  since  neither  leukotriene B4 (LTB,), lipoxin B4 (LXB4), (6s)-LXA,, 11-trans-LXA,, nor SKF 104353 competed for [3H]LXA4-specific binding while LTD, and LTC, partially competed. Subcellular fractionation revealed that specific binding with ["H]LXA4 was associated with membrane (42.1%)-, granule (34.5%)-, and nuclear (23.3%)-enriched fractions, a distribution distinct from that of [14,15-3H] LTB4 binding. [ 1 1,12-3H]LXA4-specific binding was modulated by guanosine analogs, suggesting the involvement of G proteins. A fluorescent LXA4 derivative (methyl-7-methoxycoumarin-LXAJ competed with 13H]LXA4 binding to intact PMN and showed specific and reversible binding as monitored by flow cytometric analysis. These results indicate that PMN possess specific recognition sites for LXA, which may mediate its actions.


We can observe that the Open Data phenomenon is becoming increasingly important within public and private organizations. In this context a release strategy data will cause an expansion and a greater permeability digital enterprise boundary. These open data will indeed create more interactions with stakeholders who could capture and evolve the structure and function of these companies. In the first part, we present the outline of the Open Data and its impact on the business world. We then illustrate our presentation and the first results of the research project OPENRJ (PACA Labs device) which aims to build a federation of organizations who provide free and freely energy consumption in real-time to their buildings.


OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the quality of Gentiana scabra in Qingre jiedu oral solution. METHODS: HPLC method was established to determine the content of gentiamarin in the oral solution. 299 batches of Qingre jiedu oral solution in circulation were measured and evaluated. RESULTS: Developed HPLC method is simple and reliable. The quality of Qingre jiedu oral solution in circulation is not satisfied. CONCLUSION: Great importance should be attached to the manufacture procedures monitoring of Qingre jiedu oral solution and quality control of G. scabra.


In our previous study, mitochondrial creatine kinase (Mi-CK) activity is localised cytochemically in heart tissue. The activity was found to be exclusively localised in mitochondrial contact sites and the surface density of Mi-CK was increased upon myocardial stimulation (Biermans et al., 1989). As calcium is involved as an intracellular messenger of stimulation, we compared hearts noradrenaline-stimulated in vivo with isolated hearts perfused with buffers containing different calcium concentrations on the surface density Mi-CK.


Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a devastating and progressive age-related disease characterized by the accumulation of scar tissue in the lung resulting in changes in the typical architecture of the distal parenchyma, leading to a fatal respiratory insufficiency. The aberrant activation and transdifferentiation of multiple cell types converge in the fibrotic lung's final phenotype, from the accumulation of differentiated fibroblasts into myofibroblasts to the appearance of apoptotic-resistant macrophages. Also, alterations of the alveolar epithelium underlie disease initiation and progression in IPF. The fragility and vulnerability to injury of type II alveolar epithelial cells (AECII) in IPF, with a reduced capacity to resolve cellular stress, have a pivotal role in trigging the events leading to the IPF pathobiology (1). As a mechanism to cope with injury and to adapt to a new stress, cells can activate the unfolded protein response (UPR). This response originates in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and is known as the UPR. A new mitochondrial stress signal dependent on the UPR also has been reported (2, 3). Two-pronged responses activate the expression of mitochondrial chaperones and mitochondrial import machinery (UPR) while stimulating proteasome activity to limit the accumulation of mislocalized mitochondrial proteins in the cytosol where they can have a proteotoxic effect (UPR [unfolded protein response activated by mistargeting of proteins]). As the accumulation of unfolded proteins in the ER is the leading cause of ER stress (4), the UPR upregulates cellular chaperone expression to enhance proper protein folding while simultaneously decreasing de novo protein synthesis and increasing degradation of any remaining unfolded aggregates. If the activation of the UPR is not enough to reverse the accumulation of unfolded proteins, it initiates a cascade of events leading to apoptosis or cell senescence. ER stress–triggered UPR has been extensively studied in IPF (5), and it is considered a hallmark of alveolar epithelial injury and fragility. AECII cells in the IPF lung have a reduced capacity to resolve ER stress because of an impairment in autophagy (6). This progresses to the development of alterations in AECII function that result in impaired reepithelialization, a critical first step in the fibrotic cascade (1). Mitochondria are tightly regulated organelles that are in constant communication with the intracellular environment. A double membrane physically separates them from the cytoplasm, so they are dependent on the translocation and import of proteins that have been synthesized in the cytosol. Mitochondria also possess their own translation machinery (mitochondrial DNA codes for 13 specific polypeptides), which needs to be protected from oxidation. Studies in model organisms Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila have revealed that upon the onset of mitochondrial stress, the nucleus activates an adaptive response (UPR), which results in the transcriptional induction of genes promoting mitochondrial repair and recovery. However, if persistent, this stress will lead to irreparable mitochondrial dysfunction, a feature in age-related chronic lung diseases (7–9). In mammals, how UPR is activated, executed, and integrated into the overall cellular stress response is still not fully understood. ATFS-1 (Stress activated transcription factor atfs-1) is the transcription factor acting as the master regulator of the UPR activation in invertebrates. When ATFS-1 cannot be imported to the mitochondria as a consequence of mitochondrial stress or dysfunction, it is translocated to the nucleus where it activates UPR and the expression of mitochondrial chaperones, proteases, and new import machinery to help restore mitochondrial homeostasis. Several studies postulate the possibility that ATF5, ATF4, and CHOP are the transcription factors controlling UPR in mammals. The fact that these transcription factors are deeply linked to other stress responses such as UPR or the integrated stress response highlights the complexity of the communication flow among ER, mitochondria, and nucleus. The interconnection between ER stress and mitochondrial dysfunction is a critical factor in determining cellular fate and the decision to progress toward controlled cell death (apoptosis) or the initiation of a senescence program. Previous studies have shown that ER stress can directly control mitochondrial homeostasis through the integrated stress response transcription factor ATF3 (10). ATF3 transcriptionally regulates the mitochondrial kinase PINK1 (PTEN-induced putative kinase 1), and its upregulation provokes accumulation of depolarized mitochondria, increased production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, and loss of cell viability. AECII in IPF lungs show a high level of expression of ATF3 coupled with PINK1 deficiency. Concomitantly, these AECII exhibit higher susceptibility to apoptosis and, surprisingly, higher expression of senescence markers. Thus, the exact mechanisms by which all the stress responses are integrated and thereby control cellular fate is still an open question. In this issue of the Journal, Jiang and colleagues (pp. 478–489) report that ATF4, but not ATF5, mediates UPR in alveolar epithelial cells in response to specific mitochondrial stresses (11). Interestingly, after confirming that UPR leads to UPR, they show that UPR does not activate UPR, demonstrating how intricate and subtle these connections are. The authors elegantly describe the upregulation of ATF4 and UPR markers in the lung of bleomycin-treated mice and AECII of IPF lungs. Also, they confirm a higher upregulation of proapoptotic and senescence


Stressful and traumatic events predispose women to homelessness, but being homeless also places women at risk for experiencing traumatic events. This vicious cycle is further worsened by physical ailments. We apply the stress-process model to examine the relationship between stressful life events, victimization, and chronic physical conditions with a sample of 150 women experiencing homelessness in three U.S. cities. Correlation results indicate significant associations between the prevalence of childhood abuse, stressful life events, victimization while homeless, and the number of chronic health conditions. Regression models show significant relationships between child abuse, stressful life events and the number of chronic conditions experienced by homeless women. As stress process model research hypothesizes, primary or early traumas can reduce coping resources and make individuals more susceptible to later secondary traumas and re-victimization experiences due to inability to handle stress. By acknowledging these women as victims of traumatic and stressful lives before and during episodes of homelessness and by utilizing a trauma-informed care model during treatment, we may be able to better address their currently unmet health needs.


The cervicothoracic junction (CVJ) is a potentially unstable site due to an abrupt transition from the lordotic mobile cervical spine to the more rigid kyphotic thoracic spine. Highgrade traumatic spondylolisthesis at the CVJ without neurological deficit is rare and should be treated with anterior and posterior stabilization techniques due to severely unstable fractures. With its potential anatomic instability, lesions at the CVJ can lead to devastating spinal cord injury. The authors describe two cases of high-grade traumatic spondylolisthesis of C7 on T1 without neurological deficits and discuss clinical features and different surgical strategies according to patients' condition.


Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis of SCS-6 silicon carbide fibers was performed to detect the presence of oxygen in the form of SiO_2. The results showed infrared peaks corresponding to SiC fundamental lattice absorption as well as reflection. No absorption peak due to SiO_2 was observed. These results are in agreement with previously reported data indicating low levels of oxygen in this fiber.


PURPOSE: A compatible type charging circuit for various devices is provided to facilitate the sliding of a changeover switch button by forming the changeover switch to be exposed to the outside of a case of a charging device. CONSTITUTION: A power input unit(110) receives input power supply. A charging control circuit unit(120) is connected to the output terminal of the power input unit. The charging control circuit unit converts the input power supply into the size and frequency of charging power supply for charging a portable terminal connected to a charging device. A charging power output circuit unit(130) is connected to the output terminal of the charging control circuit unit. The charging power output circuit unit is converted into a first type charging power output circuit, a second type charging power output circuit or a third type charging power output circuit according to a switch operation. [Reference numerals] (110) Power input unit; (120) Charging control circuit unit; (AA) Input power supply; (BB) Output power supply; (CC) VCC(output)


The High Technology Research and Development Program,namely 863 Program,has become a symbol of Chinese high technology research and development.In this article,we analyze the history and characteristics of this program's two stages,and discuss four classes of problems which are faced with this program.These four classes of problems concern respectively relationship with other program,new means in new stage,how to enhance competition capacity of our industry,and organization and management of this program.


Press is manifestation of public soverignty to the power. Press control function covers critic, analytic, and information to the public, so all the activities which are from branches of power based on the public wish and hope. Freedom of press is limited by the press law and code of conduct. The freedom of press can not be used for humaliation, harassment, or interference of judicature process. Press must respect the institution and independency of judiciary. Keywords : Contempt of Court, Freedom and Press


Amino acid analyses have been made on flours of wheat, rye, barley, oats and maize. The overall pattern is sufficiently similar (particularly between rye and barley) to indicate a common ancestor, but significant individual differences occur. Wheat protein differs from the other four in its higher capacity for polar and H-bonds and lower content of salt links. Other factors such as S.S interchange potential may be more important than the pattern of intermolecular forces since the latter does not change much from rye to barley in spite of their rheological differences. The factors for conversion of nitrogen to protein are, in the above order, 5.7, 5.8, 5.8, 5.7, 5.9.


A brief review of present knowledge on the biological hazards associated with extremely high-intensity microwave radiation is presented. Existing and proposed safety standards are discussed, including the proposed standard of the U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare and the Bureau of Radiological Health. Instrumentation and measurement techniques are presented. Various door closure systems are discussed including 1) door-seal designs tested under conditions of wear and abuse; 2) door viewing screens; and 3) interlock, or safety switch, systems.


Among all the plant species examined, together with the food products that derive from it, coffee has a reputation that over the course of history has had a rather controversial evolution: some episodes are emblematic of the mistrust that, in the first decades of its diffusion in Europe and in the World, accompanied the drink. Coffee is obtained by infusing the powder obtained by grinding the toasted seeds of some species of tropical shrubs belonging to the genus Coffea, practiced through various techniques; although there are over 100 species, those used for food consumption are very few, and almost all of the market is aimed at only two of them: Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora , better known commercially (but improperly) with the name of Robusta. Today it can be said that the antioxidant activity of coffee, intended both as a vegetable and as a drink, has been known for some time and has been evaluated through different methods; various studies have shown that the high content of polyphenols in coffee plays an important role in its strong antioxidant action. Since 1997, the year in which the first works on this activity were presented, the concern about the potential risks related to coffee intake has rapidly diminished and a line of research has originated aimed at evaluating its therapeutic effects, especially chemopreventive, antidiabetic and anticarginogenic effects. It was immediately proposed that, at the head of the wide family of active polyphenolic compounds, there were chlorogenic acids, whose remarkable ability to prevent oxidative cell damage was immediately determined.


Purpose
Environmental social work (ESW) is an approach and a perspective in social work focusing on ecological and environmental sustainability and justice within the context of sustainable development (SD). This study aims to analyse students' reflective tasks on challenges for ESW education and practice from a critical theory perspective. The purpose of this study is to discuss the implications of the findings for accelerating the implementation of SD in social work curricula.

Design/methodology/approach
The research participants comprised 49 master level students from four different cohorts studying the course "Social Work and Sustainable Development" at the University of Gävle, Sweden. The sample comprised only those students who had completed at least one of the three non-mandatory reflective tasks that were set within the course. The reflective tasks of the research participants were gathered as data for this study. A qualitative methodological approach with the help of ATLAS-ti V8.4 was used to analyse the gathered data.

Findings
This study discusses three primary results, which are categorised as "Being Boxed", "Safe and Saviour Sweden" and "Politics and Power". Based on the results, this study argues for a transformative and emancipatory pedagogy (TEP) in the teaching and learning of ESW to accelerate the implementation of holistic SD within the social work curriculum.

Research limitations/implications
This study is mainly based on the analysis of "problematic" discourses of some of the students. The majority of the students and their respective discourses are not considered. Moreover, it would have been interesting, and probably enlightening to explore the background of the students (such as gender, ethnicity and religion) and any concomitant beliefs or prejudices (whether consciously held or otherwise) that would need to be addressed for an effective social work outcome. For ethical reasons, the background of the students was not recorded and analysed in this study.

Practical implications
Based on the results, this study argues for TEP in catalysing environmentalism within the social work curricula.

Social implications
Social workers have a political mandate from their professional ethics to work for the protection of the planet and for the well-being of all – including non-humans. This study therefore argues for ESW education within social work curricula in promoting SD through social work practice.

Originality/value
Within the context of SD, there is a global call for social work education to shift from an anthropocentric to an eco-centric paradigm. However, ESW education is still in its infancy stage and very few universities are focusing in this particular area. This study therefore brings an important and well-needed layer of empirical evidence in considering the implications for catalysing environmentalism within the social work curricula.


We report on THz spectra of RDX obtained from various domestic and international sources. The observed spectral differences can be traced to the method of RDX manufacture. Depending on the method of manufacture, the resulting energetic material will contain imperfections within the crystal such as voids, solvent trapped within the voids, crystalline dislocations, explosive mixtures and co-crystallization of other energetic byproducts. Additionally, neat energetic material crystallites often range from tens to hundreds of microns. To investigate these phenomena, transmission and reflection mode THz spectroscopy was performed. The resulting spectral differences are interpreted in an attempt to identify material and contaminant effects.


Résumé Research Application Summary Carbon stock trends in selected agro ecological zones of Uganda Nampijja, J.1, Isubikalu, P. 1, Mukwaya, P. 2, Majaliwa, J.G.M.3 & Adipala, E. 4 1Department of Extension Education Faculty of Agriculture, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda 2Department of Geography, Faculty of Arts, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda 3Institute of Environment and Natural Resources Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda 4Regional University forum Building in Agriculture (RUFORUM), Plot 151 Garden Hill, Makerere University, P. O. Box, 7062, Kampala, Uganda Corresponding author: email@example.com This study determined the trend in carbon densities and stocks from major land uses/covers of semi arid and sub humid areas of Uganda. Carbon densities were estimated from soils and woody biomass pools of the major homogenous units in terms of land-use/cover, topography and soil. In Soroti, preliminary results show that the carbon density was generally highest in soil than in above ground wood plants (P<0.05). The highest carbon density was observed under woodland (248.2Mg/ha) and fallow (213.1 mg/ha), followed by grazing land (173.2 mg/ ha) and annuals (167.66 mg/ha); and the lowest was observed under perennial agriculture (Orchard) (56.6 mg/ha) (P<0.05).


Recent economic and population growth patterns in Egypt almost guarantee that energy consumption and emissions will continue to rise rapidly if nothing changes. According to the United Nations Development Program, Egypt's energy demand will have been triple by 2030. Additionally, Egypt's total emissions from energy use have been increased eightfold since 1971. The construction industry has been pushed to adopt sustainable building strategies, and the consensus among researchers and practitioners is that the most important phase to make decisions about is during the early stages of design. Arguably, high-performance buildings require a different design mechanism than traditional methods to achieve a holistic, sustainable outcome. Indeed, Building Information Modelling (BIM) can greatly facilitate the informed sustainability in buildings. Although BIM and sustainable design emerge from different underlying factors, they share an important common thread: the success of both depends on large part of building design philosophy loaded from the start. In fact, BIM can greatly facilitate the informed sustainability in buildings. Within the framework of reviewing the literature, researchers concluded the importance of BIM in the early stages of building design. The authors conducted an applied case study to evaluate a residential building in the new Administrative Capital in Cairo, Egypt, and concluded a set of design upgrades to raise the energy efficiency of the building and reduce carbon emissions from operating energy.


This study aims to develop mobile learning applications in learning mathematics on social arithmetic materials. This research is development research with the 4D model that is defined, design, develop, and disseminate. The subjects of this study were seventh-grade students of Muhammadiyah Tepus Junior High School with ten students chosen randomly. The object in this study is the student's response to developing eXe Learning media in the learning of social arithmetic. The research instrument is a student response questionnaire. Based on the results of the study, development of the mobile learning mathematics application with the criteria of usefulness, ease of use, ease of learning, and satisfaction include in the excellent category. From the research conducted can be obtained the calculation results of the standard overall criteria of the questionnaire by 90. These results indicate average with a good category so that development the Mobile Learning application on social arithmetic material for students based on the 2013 curriculum through the scientific approach can be used in the learning process independently at school or outside a school.


A brief history of the use of Polyclar® AT (PVPP) in brewing is given. Its stabilizing effect, particularly concerning the interactions with beer polyphenols, is presented according to currently accepted views. Crucial points in the application of this processing agent in brewing, such as the stage at which it is added, the amount, and the contact time, are discussed. The methods for quality control testing of Polyclar AT and for determining the residual soluble polyvinylpyrrol idone (PVP) in beer were experimentally evaluated. The regulations governing the use of AT in brewing are also reviewed.


URS has been reported by some experts. The present results further reinforce that a simultaneous bilateral URS is a favorable option for bilateral stones in experienced institutions. In conclusion, URS is an efficient treatment for multiple upper urinary tract stones. For patients with stone burden <20 mm, either unilaterally or bilaterally, a single session URS is a favorable option that promises high SFR.


The crater retention ages of the mare deposits within the Orientale multi‐ring impact basin are investigated using 10‐m resolution images obtained by the SELENE (Kaguya) spacecraft, in order to constrain the volcanic history of the Moon around the nearside‐farside boundary. Precise crater‐counting analyses reveal that mare deposits in the Orientale region are much younger than previously estimated: ∼2.9 Ga mare basalt in the eastern part of Mare Orientale and ∼1.8–2.2 Ga mare deposits in Lacus Veris and Lacus Autumni, maria along the northeastern rings of the basin. The latter age estimates indicate that the Orientale region experienced volcanic activities ∼2 billion years after the basin‐formation impact. The dominance of a uniform surface age across the mare deposits in the peripheral regions strongly suggests that these volcanic eruptions are contemporary with the elevated volcanic activity episode proposed for the Procellarum KREEP Terrane on the lunar nearside at ∼2 Ga and that this activity peak is much more widespread than previously estimated. The longevity of mare volcanism in the Orientale region further suggests high initial temperatures and/or high content of heat‐producing elements in the underlying mantle of this region.


ABSTRACT This conference presentation examines features of Superstart Plus, an inclusive New York City program designed to serve the diversified population of preschool students with special needs. Superstart Plus is designed to provide a less restrictive environment for preschoolers with mild, moderate, or severe disabilities, by placing them in general education settings for half-day or full-day programs. Classroom ratios, curriculum development, and scheduling follow developmentally appropriate practices, and an enrichment-based model geared towards child-initiated learning is used. The paper describes the program's history, goals, design, case studies, staffing, parental involvement, professional development, and relationships with staff and peers. Appended to the paper are charts showing staffing patterns for various models of Superstart Plus, daily schedules for full-day and half-day programs, and a list of the learning centers used. (JDD)


We cite one new cultivar, found in Bunol (Valencia, E. Spain), Sedum sediforme "Monstruosa", and two known cultivars naturalized, that belong to the Cactaceae family, tribe Opun-tioideae: Austrocylindropuntia subulata (Muehlenpfordt) Backeberg ?Cresta? and Opuntia cylindrica (A. L. Jussieu ex Lamarck) DC. ?Monstruosa?.