Single Packet Authorization fills the gaps in port knocking. Countless pieces of software, protocols and complex interdependencies together form a system for which it is difficult to guarantee any particular property—particularly security. Even software specifically designed to enhance security can, at the behest of clever individuals armed with detailed knowledge, work to its detriment. Vulnerabilities have been discovered in all sorts of security software from firewalls to implementations of the Secure Shell (SSH) Protocol. For example, OpenSSH is developed by some of the most security-conscious developers in the world, and yet it occasionally contains a remotely exploitable vulnerability. This is an important fact to note because it seems to indicate that security is hard to achieve and, therefore, bolsters the case for a defense-in-depth approach. This article explores the concept of Single Packet Authorization (SPA) as a next-generation passive authentication technology beyond port knocking. When an attacker is on the prowl in an attempt to exploit a vulnerability in server software (as opposed to client software), the first step is reconnaissance; the attacker needs to locate a target. This process has been brilliantly automated by Nmap, so it is easy to construct a list of target systems that may be ripe for compromise. If the attacker has found a zero-day vulnerability in server software that you happen to be running, you don't want to appear in this list of targets! Both port knocking and Single Packet Authorization use a packet filter configured in a default-drop stance and simultaneously provide service only to those IP addresses that can prove their identity via a passive mechanism. No TCP/IP stack access is required to authenticate remote IP addresses via this passive means. Nmap cannot even tell that a server is running when protected in this way, and it does not matter even if the attacker has a zero-day exploit. This article is the first of a two-part series on Single Packet Authorization, and it lays the theoretical foundation for Single Packet Authorization and why it is a next-generation passive authorization technology beyond port knocking. The next article will provide a hands-on look at using fwknop to provide Single Packet Authorization protection for your SSH daemon. Introduction to Port Knocking Port knocking is a first-generation technology that uses the port fields within TCP and UDP packet headers to communicate information. Normally, these protocols are used to encapsulate application layer data, but port knocking encodes information in sequences of packets to various ports by using the port numbers themselves as fields to transmit data. These packets are typically either monitored out of a firewall log or via a packet capture mechanism, such as libpcap. Typically, there is a port knocking client and a port knocking server. The terms client and server, in this case (and throughout the remainder of this article unless otherwise noted), refer to the software components that send and monitor packets, Single Packet Authorization http://0-delivery.acm.org.innopac.lib.ryerson.ca/10.1145/1250000/12... 2 of 6 8/27/2007 8:04 PM respectively. The client is responsible for generating the port sequences, and the server is responsible for passively collecting the sequences and reconfiguring the packet filter to allow connections to protected services upon receipt of a valid sequence. The typical port knocking scenario is for a port knocking server to configure a packet filter to block all access to a service, such as SSH, until a specific port knock sequence is sent by a port knocking client. For example, the server could require the client to send TCP SYN packets to the following ports in order: 23400


A method for coating components by a) electrodeposition of aluminum or magnesium dispersion layers of a non-aqueous or aprotic aluminum or magnesium compounds containing electrolyte solution having dispersed therein hard materials, wherein a uniform distribution of the hard materials by stirring, inert gas inlet and / or ultrasonic is prepared and b) anodic oxidation of the aluminum or magnesium coating.


Now a day, the use of internet increases tremendously and it has become an important medium to deliver digital content to web users. Most of the vendors may take a help of e-commerce sites to sell their items, but the problem is that how to improve the business, how to attract more web users attention and retain them to their portal sites on an ongoing basis. To attract more users it is necessary to build recommender system that can help to improve the business by understanding users' interest. Recommender system provides best items to the consumers by keeping track of their search patterns and online merchants can get a better understanding of their behaviors and intentions. For that purpose, we propose deeper user action interpretation. We take the use of business intelligence, which is the technology for gathering, storing, analyzing, and providing access to data to help enterprise users make better business decisions. We are using Data mining to understand user interest and according to that items will deliver to them. We approach decision support system to generate mining reports and that will help merchant to improve the performance of the system.


The article tackles the relationship between genius and analogy in Descartes's early writings and the programmatic writings of the Encyclopédie. For Descartes, ingenious analogies between phenomena that are not obviously related belong to the discourse of poetic truth, whereas philosophy must be content with more easily observable and methodical comparisons. In the encyclopedic ordering of Diderot and d'Alembert, by contrast, ingenious analogies are not specific to any particular field of knowledge, since genius consists in connecting even the most remote branches of the tree of knowledge. I argue that the theoretical core of both approaches can be traced back to Aristotle's theory of metaphor, which relies on the analogy of genera rather than species.


This paper constructs a worm virus propagation model by using a complex network technology,introduces the BA model in details,makes program verification for the infection of worm virus and analyzes the statistical results which will be the guideline for the future research.


This paper introduces techniques by which fiber resource management of CATV network is accomplished.It shows the methods of tabulating splicing information and drawing splicing graph of optical cable,and also explains in detail how to draw a diagram of CATV optical cables in a city atlas.Then it gives the optical fiber resource management system of CATV network and its application.


ABSTRACT Since the structural temperature of a flight vehicle flying at high speed rises rapidly due to aerodynamic heating, it is necessary for optimum structural design to obtain proper material properties at high temperature by taking into account of its operational environment. For a special alloy, analysis data on strength change due to exposure time to high temperature are very limited, and most of them are for an exposure time longer than 30 minutes for long term operations. In this study, base and weld metal samples of Ti-6Al-4V alloy had been prepared and high temperature tensile tests with induction heating were performed, and then high temperature strength characteristics and strength recovery characteristics through cooling have been analyzed. Pre-tests to determine maximum heating rate were performed, and response characteristics for temperature control were confirmed. As a result, high temperature tensile strength appeared to be lower than that of room temperature, but it was higher than that of high temperature of 30 minite exposure listed in MMPDS. In strength recovery through cooling Ti-6Al-4V alloy has shown higher recovery rate compared with other alloys.Key Words : High Temperature(고온), Tensile Strength(인장강도), Strength Recovery(강도회복)


We propose simultaneous tests for coefficients in high-dimensional linear regression models with factorial designs. The proposed tests are designed for the "large p, small n" situations where the conventional F-test is no longer applicable. We derive the asymptotic distribution of the proposed test statistic under the high-dimensional null hypothesis and various scenarios of the alternatives, which allow power evaluations. We also evaluate the power of the F-test for models of moderate dimension. The proposed tests are employed to analyze a microarray data on Yorkshire Gilts to find significant gene ontology terms which are significantly associated with the thyroid hormone after accounting for the designs of the experiment.


Abstract A patient with relapsed/refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia developed babesiosis before allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation while on atovaquone for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia prophylaxis. Despite receiving a prolonged course of atovaquone and azithromycin until whole-blood Babesia microti DNA was no longer detected by polymerase chain reaction, her post-transplant course was complicated by relapsed babesiosis. We investigate the potential host and parasite characteristics causing relapsing/persistent infection.


INTRODUCTION
Young adults have the highest prevalence of smoking among all age groups in most industrialized countries, and exhibit great variability in smoking behaviour. Differences in associations between features in residential environments and smoking initiation, prevalence, and cessation have been extensively examined in the literature. Nonetheless, in many cases findings remain inconsistent. This paper proposes that a potential driver of these inconsistencies is an almost exclusive focus on point-specific smoking outcomes, without consideration for the different behaviour patterns that this age group may experience over time.

METHODS
Based on data from the Interdisciplinary Study of Inequalities in Smoking cohort of 18-25 year-old Montreal residents (n=1025), we examined associations between 4-year smoking patterns measured at three time-points and proximal presence/density of tobacco retail and presence of smoker accommodation facilities in Montreal, Canada. Associations were tested using 2-level multinomial and logistic models.

RESULTS
In fully-adjusted models, compared to never smokers, residents of areas with a higher density of tobacco retail were more likely to 1) be characterized as established smokers, 2) have experienced repeated changes in smoking status (being "switchers") during the 4-year study period, and 3) be former smokers.

CONCLUSIONS
From a conceptual standpoint, these findings highlight the importance of acknowledging and examining smoking behaviour patterns among young adults. Furthermore, specific pattern-feature associations may point to unique mechanisms by which features could influence smoking behaviour patterns. These findings require replication and extension, including testing hypotheses regarding tobacco retail density's role in sustaining smoking and in influencing changes in smoking status.


Discrete manufacturing (DM) is characterized by individual or separated unit production and thus applied in many segments due to its quick responsiveness to market and customer requirements. This paper focuses on reporting the design and development of a Physical Internet (PI)-enabled smart factory for discrete manufacturing. PI-enabled manufacturing management system (PIM2S) is designed to collect real-time data from manufacturing factories by using radio frequency identification (RFID) technology, to facilitate the database design, as well as to interact with other systems by a middleware standardized interface. A case study is introduced to describe how PIM2S helps a DM company to improve its shop-floor management.


The quantum efficiency relates the calculated to the measured external threshold current of a laser. This quantity is often estimated from the length dependence of the external differential efficiency above threshold, assuming the carrier density is pinned. Often it is also assumed that the internal current varies linearly with the external current; it is shown here this is not the case due to the effect of stimulated emission on the current-voltage relation of the active region. Furthermore, it has been observed that spontaneous emission from inhomogeneous quantum dots does not pin above threshold which questions the determination of their optical loss. This nonpinning is reproduced by a model in which the laser photon rate equation is coupled to rate equations for the occupation of dot states mediated by a thermal phonon distribution. The threshold current from this model agrees with a Fermi–Dirac calculation but the external efficiency above threshold is lower and its length dependence gives a smaller value of mode loss than the input value. The reasons for this behavior are analyzed and it is concluded that a Fermi–Dirac calculation does not represent the light–current characteristics in quantum dot lasers at room temperature.


The need for water management on hydrological boundaries is mainly triggered by the growing competition for water or by the need to cooperate in an upstream downstream relation. For an institution operating on political boundaries, not coinciding with the boundaries of the river basin, it is very difficult to allocate or prioritise water or carry out flood control measures. A system of water management on political boundaries will induce the respective authorities to either monopolise the water supply sources within its area and to transfer the problem of flooding to downstream. In this article it is attempted to explore the major transboundary issues that need to be addressed in the whole Brahmaputra River basin. Sharing of resources, sharing of basic data and information and protection and preservation of ecosystem are identified as three major issues. In this context, controversial legal issues between the riparian nations in the past were also analysed which has triggered the scope for integrated approach to manage the Brahmaputra River basin. In the later part of the article, a critical analysis was made to understand the principles, approaches and instruments to address the above problems. Finally, some legal materials are presented which could be used as a basis for solving the major river basin issues. Key words: water management; diversifying water supply sources; water management strategies; Nepal Journal of the Institute of Engineering , Vol. 7, No. 1, July 2009, pp. 135-141 doi: 10.3126/jie.v7i1.2072


This study was to investigate the preference tendency by detail and material preference of summer one-piece dresses for the children, and evaluation standard of children's wear in purchasing one-piece dresses as an object of mothers who have girls as buying representatives of children's wear in order to supply real information of design about the one-piece dresses for the girls in accordance with the consumers' demands. The results of this study revealed that the one-piece dress was favorite one to them in purchasing their summer wear. This study showed tendency that the more the mother's fashion interest was, the more the mother's preference on the one-piece dress was. As to the material preference of one-piece dress, it preferred the natural fiber to the synthetic fiber much, and the preferred customer order in purchasing one-piece dresses for their children was analyzed as activity, material, design·collar, and pattern. As to the preference by form factor of one-piece dress, it preferred A-line silhouette in the silhouette, natural waist in the waist position, 5~7cm from the knee in the length of one-piece dress, and flared skirt in shape of skirt. The preference on the collar type was soutien collar, and the preference on the neckline type was round neckline. In addition, the preference on sleeve form was shirtsleeve, and the preference on trimming was lace trimming.


From three aspects: improving the quality of cost engineers,perfecting process inspection and supervision system and increasing engineering audit quality practical measures are discussed to increase engineering audit quality,in order to realize rational determination and control of engineering cost in engineering investment and running process.


This paper introduces a controlling system based on the fieldbus of DeviceNet and CompoBus/D, which are popular fieldbus currently, describes three- level communication network architecture composed by two kinds of fieldbus and the application of industri- al control network. During the designing the controlling system, the author takes into account two sides of the performance and the cost of the system. The author controls the same object with tow kinds of methods, which are fuzzy control and PID control. The re- sult shows:The effect of control based on DeviceNet fieldbus is fine, the method of fuzzy control excels the method of PID control in controlling electronic oven.


The boron nitride(BN) nanotube has excellent physical behavior,electric stablility.BN nanotubes have been shown to exhibit many interesting properties.In this paper,based on the electronic density,the system enenrgy changed ΔE is calculated when one electron was added to system.Also the coulomb energy was estimated when injection electrons into BN nanotube.It was analyzed that the coulomb exclusive influence in carrier transporting,and the carrier injection process of BN nanotube was studied.


Abstract
Learning management local culture education dance can improving talent and interest art of the students who has a model creativity aestetic and beautifulthrought our art creature as an artist or lovers who can taste of creature of art with imagination, where it containts beautiful of art creature and artist together throught we taste.
As long and form of art in Indonesia is very related to development of live of their society, we can see it from ethnic structure as well as in scope unitary state. If we can see the background condition of Indonesia Society.
Education in tradition has a functional important in conservation and the development values in culture intergeneration from a group of people or nation. It means that everlasting and development of group of people or nation is very determined by educational system who take place in special group of people.
Local culture as a functional facility educational to inform, introduce, and embed aestetic values, thus the result of culture nation that ini this context learning management education dance has a functional conservative where as a media enculturation values of culture. Local culture as a regulation of education, in this case their capacity, substantial. it has a chance and roles in to realize preservation and development of values of culture of nation.
Key Word : Learning Management, Educational Dance, Apreciation, Creativity


RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: Universities and other higher educational institutions play an increasingly important role in providing entrepreneurship education, training, and technical assistance to existing and potential entrepreneurs. The purpose of this paper is twofold: firstly,  to investigate students' perceptions and willingness to set up their own business and secondly, to discuss the role of universities in developing enterprise education in Poland, focusing on the case of Warsaw School of Economics in Poland. THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: This paper is based on the results of a survey of students studying at Warsaw School of Economics in Warsaw – Poland (SGH). The research used online survey to collect primary data. The respondents were undergraduate students who obligatory participated in the module: Management. The fulfilment of the questionnaire was voluntarily; email and sms with a link to a survey was sent to 148 students. The success rate of fillings was 93. THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: Basing on the lack of entrepreneurship education by referring to secondary data it was important to assess the entrepreneurial spirit amongst SGH students. The literature review was carried out to analyse the current developments in this field. RESEARCH RESULTS: The research outcomes revealed that the majority of the university students were optimistic and interested in starting their own business but after getting few years of working experience which will enable them to deepen their knowledge and feel comfortably within business environment. There is only 14% of students who would like to set up their own business directly after graduation. CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS: Overall, the study indicated a need for enterprise education, at programme and course levels, to nurture entrepreneurship among students in Poland. Very few studies have examined university students' attitude to entrepreneurship and enterprise education in Poland. This study helps in bridging that gap.


It will, I think, be generally admitted that the most valid objection which has been advanced against the theory of the transportal of erratic boulders by floating ice, lies in the fact of their having not unfrequently been carried from a lower to a higher level. Mr. Hopkins, indeed, referring to certain boulders of a peculiar conglomerate described by Prof. Phillips, considers this fact as affording an absolute proof of the diluvial theory, since, he adds, "it is evident that no floating ice could possibly transport a boulder from the depths of the vale of Eden over the heights of Stainmoor." Prof. Hitchcock has several times alluded to similar cases in North America as offering a very great difficulty.


In this paper an approach to on-line ARMA parameter estimation based on a pseudo-linear regression and a QR matrix decomposition is developed. The algorithm has proven to be stable and has fast convergence properties if the unknown ARMA model satisses the strictly positive real condition. The derivation of the algorithm is straightforward and the computational complexity is O(N 2), however, fast versions of O(N) computational complexity exist.


This paper is reviews 12 published articles written on the importance of literacy in mathematics and the best practices to utilize inside the math classroom. The paper focuses on the definition of literacy of Orr, Kukner, and Timmons (2014), a definition that adapts literacy from reading and writing to the inclusion of problem solving, critical thinking, and the interaction with materials. The study conducted beyond the review of the literature was aimed at identifying the need for literacy across all content areas. The results of the findings show that as an educational community we show awareness of the deficit, but have not identified ways in which we may improve upon those deficits.


This work presents an implementation of the last software version of video processing the High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) encoder in architecture of mobile processors single low cost processor ARM Cortex A8 using on NEON architecture which is a Single Input Multiple Data (SIMD). By using an optimization using this technology the execution time was highly accelerated.


This study has been produced under special circumstances in that I have not waded through hundreds of pages of references before its preparation. I was asked to use my imagination, my 17 years of experience in scientific research, my knowledge of real life experience, in fact everything I have accumulated in my mind over the years concerning the topic. I was asked to present ideas and to propose policies which could play a role in mastering or at least slowing down the rise of the gap between the towns and the countryside by the date mentioned in the title. What should be done in order to make the Hungarian countryside liveable and in order for it to be more appealing to the coming generations?


Due to the limitation of the energy of the nodes and the resource of the wireless sensor network,a routing protocol improved algorithm model based on BP neural network is proposed for saving the energy and prolonging the network lifetime.The algorithm combines the hierarchical structure of BP neural network with the clustering structure of the network routing protocol.In each cluster a three-layer BP neural network model is designed,which processes a large number of raw data collected by the sensors and obtains a few data representing the data information features of raw data.So the transmission amount of data is reduced and the energy is saved.The simulation results show that compared with LEACH,the improved BPDFA algorithm has a better performance in balancing node energy and prolonging the lifetime of the network.


An orally bioavailable, glucoside derivative of the flavonoid quercetin and protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) inhibitor, with antioxidant and potential antithrombotic activity. As an antioxidant, isoquercetin scavenges free radicals and inhibits oxidative damage to cells. As a PDI inhibitor, this agent blocks PDI-mediated platelet activation, and fibrin generation, which prevents thrombus formation after vascular injury. In addition, isoquercetin is an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor. PDI, an oxidoreductase secreted by activated endothelial cells and platelets, plays a key role in the initiation of the coagulation cascade. Cancer, in addition to other thrombotic disorders, increases the risk of thrombus formation. Qeios · Definition, February 2, 2020


Receptor cells with electrically coupled axons can improve both their input sensitivity and dynamical range due to collective non-linear wave properties. This mechanism is illustrated by a network of axons modeled by excitable maps subjected to a Poison signal process with rate r. We find that, in a network of N cells, the amplification factor A (number of cells excited by a single signal event) decreases smoothly from A= O(N) to A=1 as r increases, preventing saturation in a self-organized way and leading to a Weber-Fechner law behavior. This self-limited amplification mechanism is generic for excitable media and could be implemented in other biological contexts and artificial sensor devices.


Based on theoretical distribution and engineering practice,variables adopt two end truncated distribution in design of mechanical component,compared to common theoretical distribution,this methods is more reliable and reasonable.


At present, the existence and development of adult education face a lot of problems such as the shrinkage in the number of students, educational resources in short supply and the decline of education quality. The author thinks that a way out should be found from such aspects as changing the concept, widening channels of running universities, training and building up contingents of teachers fit for the features of adult education and reform the way of teaching and management.


The R world is increasing every day. "R has really become the second language for people coming out of grad school now, and there's an amazing amount of code being written for it", said Max Kuhn, associate director of nonclinical statistics at Pfizer (New York Times, 6 January 2009). It is not surprising, then, that this book is going to have a large potential audience. The book's coverage is broad. It has 17 chapters divided into three parts. The first part has three chapters motivating the use of R. The second part talks about probability, densities and distributions. The third part is focused on statistical methods. It has 10 chapters, ranging from exploratory data analysis to logistic regression. Traditional material on point estimation, linear regression and hypothesis testing is also included. There are two novelties, one is that there are two chapters on power and calculating sampling size, and the most amazing is that last chapter is an application based on war data. The idea of finishing a book with a statistical analysis based on real data is very interesting, yet the application can be controversial nowadays. The authors' decision to dedicate two chapters on sample size and power is interesting, because not many books do it at this introductory level. However, it surprises me that some classical commands of R like "power.t.test" or "power.anova.test" have not been used or explained in these chapters. The overall presentation is clear and it is very well motivated. Some comments are very welcome, for example, those related to the meaning of units in regression models. Inevitably, when I am reading this book I compare it with my own book [1] and with similar texts for intermediate university levels. Superficially, both books are very alike, because of their contents and aims. Compared with [1], Cohen's book is more R oriented. There is more emphasis on R commands than statistical concepts. This emphasis in favour of R is very welcome because there is a lot of R material that can be very useful to the readers. The only weakness of this approach is that statistical concepts are sometimes oversimplified to pay more attention to R. Unfortunately, there are also only a few proposed exercises and with a low level of difficulty, but e-mailing the authors can provide you the solutions to all of them. Generally speaking, the text covers a wide range of subjects and is a useful tool for graduate students, practitioners and those interested in statistical computing. Teachers can also find good material, examples and exercises for their students, of course.


2 Abstract: In pathology, oral flora responsible for periodontal disease is polymorphic. The periodontal infection results either from the penetration of pathogenic microorganisms in the tissues, or even the activation of already existing germs, but not pathogenic under normal conditions. Of a population of 500 patients consulting in Periodontology, 149 were diagnosed as suffering from periodontitis. More than Twenty bacteria had been isolated and identified from subgingival plaques of patients affected with aggressive (28%) and chronic periodontitis (18.4%),. In general, the bacterial flora of aggressive periodontitis had shown dominant gram-negative and motile morphotypes, among them, straight rods, curved, spirochetes and fusiform Gram negative. For chronic periodontitis the bacterial flora is characterized by the dominance of rods and motile to the rare gram-negative morphotypes. Certain bacteria known as periodontopathogens were identified in aggressive periodontitis as Aggregatibacterium actinomycetemcomitans (7.3%), Prevotella intermedia (4.2%), Eikenella corrodens (6.3%), Bacteroides fragilis (4.6%) and Capnocytophaga sp (4.7%).


Thirteen trials were conducted to evaluate propionic acid as a preservative for high-moisture alfalfa hay using spray equipment and procedures available to a farmer. An experimental device was also evaluated which injected the preservative into hay in the baling chamber of a rectangular baler. Propionic acid treatment provided a reduction in heating and dry matter loss during the first month of storage with less visible mold in the hay following storage when compared to untreated high-moisture hay. After six months of storage, dry matter loss in high-moisture hay was similar with or without the acid treatment. When compared to untreated dry hay, the treated high-moisture hay had much greater heating and dry matter loss during storage as well as more visible mold, poorer color and greater fiber and fiber bound protein concentrations following storage. Propionic acid injected into bales did not perform as well as spray application because the acid was not dispersed uniformly throughout the bale.


The automotive industry continuously becomes more competitive. New brands grow stronger and there is a constant pressure to come up with new models with an increasing frequency. In addition, safety requirements on the cars, together with customers demanding a wide range of both models and variants of the models, makes the number of components for each car model larger than ever. The many models and variants, and the fact that these are assembled on the same assembly line, put demanding requirements on the material feeding process. One way of feeding the line with material is to send items to the assembly line pre-picked according to the building sequence of the cars. This requires facilities for sequence picking and the picking operations of course have to be carried out as effectively and efficiently as possible. As the amount of models and variants increases, also the extent of the picking activities increases and area efficiency in the sequence picking facilities becomes a concern. Hence, the purpose of this thesis is to contribute to increased knowledge about how an area problem in sequence picking facilities can be addressed. The thesis suggests a number of different ways in which the area efficiency of a sequence picking station can be improved. The improvement suggestions vary in effectiveness as well as in the physical changes, and the level of investment, necessary for an implementation. In addition, an item classification system is introduced. The system is thought to be used when looking for picking stations with the greatest improvement potential or when looking for picking stations suitable for a specific design change. At last, three of the improvement suggestions are evaluated trough a virtual implementation at Volvo. The focus is on area savings but also operational differences are addressed. The operational differences are addressed through a comparison of mappings of the activities performed at the evaluated picking stations before and after the change. Major contributions of the thesis are the identification of design considerations for improved area efficiency of sequence picking stations and the item classification system developed as a support for identifying picking stations suitable for specific design changes. In addition, the thesis serves as a compilation of theory with focus on picking operations and also as a source of practical picking solutions as the picking operations at six reference companies are presented.


Heavy metals present in the industrial effluents remain as alarming pollutants due to their nondestructive nature, toxicity, bioaccumulation and subsequent biomagnification. Animal biopolymers viz., chick and duck feathers' fibers were treated with 5% tannic acid solution. From the preliminary studies it was found that pH, contact time, and biosorbent dose are significant factors for maximal biosorption of lead by both chick and duck feathers. To study the interactive effects of these three independent parameters (Biosorbent dosage, Contact time, pH) and their optimization for lead biosorption process by response surface methodology (RSM), Box-Behnken design (BBD) was applied. The regression equation coefficients (r 2 ) are 0. 98098 & 0.91785 for chick and duck feathers respectively and the data fitted to a second-order polynomial equation for removal of lead (Pb). The critical values of the three parameters obtained for chick feathers, with a maximum biosorption efficiency of 70.73%, are 1.9 g/L of biosorbent, 24.56 hours of contact time, 6.94 pH. For duck feathers with a maximum biosorption efficiency of 58.8%, the critical values obtained are 2.3 g/L of biosorbent, 20.17 hours of contact time and 7.02 pH.


The text introduces the specificity of genealogical research in the context of regional and local histories. The author draws attention to the impermanence of the names of the lower social strata. In addition, the text contains a catalogue of some of the oldest known names of residents of the Wawrzeńczyce, in today's Kraków district. The realities of life in the Wawrzeńczyce parish in the pre-industrial period, the functioning of social networks, and professional activity are discussed.


Comparative analyses of the leaf epidermal microscopy, chemo-microscopy and GCMS analysis of essential oils from three Ocimum species were analyzed. Ocimum belong to the family Lamiaceae. Leaf epidermal microscopy revealed anomocytic stomata in the species studied. Ocimum basilicum has anomocytic stomata on both surfaces but were more abundant on the lower surface; cell walls were wavy on the upper surface and had glandular trichomes on both surfaces. Ocimum canum had anomocytic stomata on both surfaces; cell walls were wavy and trichomes were glandular and non-glandular occurring on both surfaces but occurring more on the upper surface. The non-glandular trichomes are cone-shaped with pointed tip. Ocimum gratissimum has anomacytic stomata on both surfaces occurring more on the lower surface; the cell walls are curved on both surfaces and glandular trichomes occur on both surfaces which are more abundant on the lower surface. The glandular trichomes are radially flagellated in all the species studied. Lignin, tannins, cellulose, mucilage, starch, calcium oxalate, oils and proteins were observed in all species studied. The GC-MS analyses of the leaf essential oils revealed 35 compounds for O. basilicum, 49 compounds for O. canum and 34 compounds for O. gratissimum with 3-allyl-6-methoxyphenol being the most abundant in O. basilicum (34.42%); 1-Cyclopentene-1-methanol,2-methyl-5-1-methyl, the most abundant in O. canum (29.56%) and thymol being the most abundant in O. gratissimum (48.04%). The leaf epidermal microscopy and the chemo-microscopy can be used for the standardization of the plant. Chemical composition of the three Ocimum species can be used for the treatment of several diseases.


"New governance" reforms entailing shifts toward privatization have permeated the public sector over the last decade, possibly affecting workplace-based attainments. We examine the consequences of this reform for African American men, who during the civil rights era reached relative parity with whites. We analyze race-based inequities on one socioeconomic outcome–downward occupational mobility–among professionals, managers and executives. Results from a Panel Study of Income Dynamics sample indicate that the "new government business model," characterized by increased employer discretion has disproportionately disadvantaged African Americans. Narrower racial gaps in the incidence, determinants and timing of downward mobility found in the public sector, relative to the private sector, during the pre-reform period (1985–90) eroded during the reform period (2002–07) because of widening racial gaps in the public sector.


Benzene is synthesized from collected samples in 14c dating via several chemical reactions such as pretreatment,carbonization,combustion,carbonating,carbide and acetylene production and polymerization Since this chemical process is tedious,、 】、アe tried to decrease the operating time and to increase yields in the reactions,noticing especially the reaction to produce carbide and acetylene The improvements tried are as folloM/s_ 1)ヽ ヽ ‐ e designed a reaction vessel in、 vhich acety― lene could be synthesi3ed from Sr carbonate ttrithout exposing an intermediate production of Sr carbide to air The yield 72 COrresponding to the reaction increased fro■ 160身 6 to 700/。 2)ヽ|‐e also designed an another reaction vessel in、 vhich acetylene could be synthesized by the reaction of carbon dioxide and lnelted lithium metal The yield 72 inCreased to about 75%on average 3)ヽVe tried an original process that carbonized samples reacted to melted lithium rnetal directly to produce Li carbide Although the yield η2 0f 54% obtained by this method M/as some郡 /hat lo邪/er than those obtained by the conventional rnethods, 14c ageS、 vere agreed to ages of same samples preparing by conventional rnethods within the error age corresponding to the standard deviation of l σ Since this method dose not contain comustion and carbonating process,the operating time w/as fairly shortened KeyEυ O′」S: 14c dating,sample preparation,carbide and acetylene prOduction


(57) Abstract: keeping as biowaste (a) is harmful and toxic substances from the biowaste not discharged, (b) such materials which are released in the course of stabilizing the biowaste neutralizes comprise multifunctional biowaste treatment complex for processing by methods methods and compositions. Reduction of biowaste volume, valuable potential and other advantages of the materials recovered from biowaste is, by the use of suitable components in a complex, also obtained.


According to population life table and survival analysis theory,the regional population life table of Cunninghamia lanceolata plantations was compiled. The curves of survival,mortality,and disappearance rate were drawn to analyze the dynamics of regional population density. The results showed that the regional population density of Cunninghamia lanceolata plantations decreased with increasing stand ages. Higher density was shown in young populations with the changing trend of atypical reversed J-shaped form,and the dynamics index V″piwas 0. 005%,revealing that the growth potential of population was limited,and the population tended to be stable. The survival density curve of Cunninghamia lanceolata approached to Deevey-III. With the increase of the population age,the curves of mortality and disappearance rate tended to be the same,sharply decreased from 1 to 4 age grade,and then increased slowly and kept at low level. Those survival functional curves indicated the population exhibited an early sharp reduction,followed by mild and steady decrease at the middle and later stages to the final decline. According to spectral analysis,regional population density of Cunninghamia lanceolata plantations was affected by fundamental wave while displayed a minor periodic fluctuation.


Objective To compare the expression of HIF-1α,the MMP-1 and VEGF-C in laryn-geal squamous cell carcinoma(LSCC)and normal tissues around the cancer,and investigate the relation between the three factors with clinicopathological parameters and lymphatic metastasis. Methods HIF-1α、MMP-1 and VEGF-C gene protein in 30 cases of laryngeal carcin carcinoma and normal tissues a-round the cancer were detected by SP immunochemical technique,HIF-1α、MMP-1 and VEGF-C protein in 30 cases of laryngeal carcin carcinoma and the tissues around the cancer were detected. The relation-ship between the three factors and clinicopathological parameters and lymphatic metastasis were investiga-ted. The laryngeal carcinoma were devided by age,T tage,phathologic stage and lymphatic metastasis. Results Expression of HIF-1α,MMP-1,VEGF-C was significantly higher in laryngeal carcinoma than that in normal tissue around the cancer. Expression of the three factors were correlated with T stage and the pathologic stage( P 〈 0. 05 ),not with age( P > 0. 05),The over expression of HIF-1α、MMP-1、VEGF-C was related to cervical lymph nodes metastasis in two experiments. Correlation was found within VEGF-C and HIF-1α,HIF-1α and MMP-1,VEGF-C and MMP-1( P 〈 0. 05 ). Conclusions The over expression of HIF-1α,MMP-1,VEGF-C in laryngeal carcinoma was related to cervical lymph nodes metastasis,which suggested that they would become a biologic indexes to prognosis of laryngeal carcinoma.

Key words:
HIF-1α;  MMP-1 ;  VEGF-C ;  Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma;  Lymhatic metastasis


Separation of heat generating, high level fission product caesium and strontium from spent nuclear fuel boosts the capacity of waste repositories by as much as fifty times. For efficient use of already scarce repositories, separation of such fission products is mandatory. Separations of caesium and strontium using Chlorinated Cobalt Dicarbollide (CCD), PEG (Polyethylene Glycol), UNEX process and by Calixarenes or Fission Product Extraction Process (FPEX) were discussed. The UNEX method was then proposed as the most feasible method option. Following separation, nuclear waste immobilization techniques for such high-level fission product were discussed. The techniques included usage of concrete, glass and synthetic rock. Among them synthetic rock was identified as the most suitable one for immobilization of high-level nuclear waste. Finally, a safe disposal system with necessary required geology was shown for safe disposal of the waste. Journal of Chemical Engineering, Vol. 30, No. 1, 2017: 37-42


Pumpkin is an important vegetable, which has potential to be used as medicinal and functional food Not only the pulp but also the peel and seeds of pumpkin are good sources of phytochemicals and minerals Pumpkin peel, flesh, and seeds were dried to obtain powders, and 80% of methanolic extracts were prepared for further analyses Among three fractions of pumpkin, higher content of total phenolics (224 61 ± 1 60‐mg GAE/100‐g powder) and total flavonoids (139 37 ± 1 07‐mg CE/100‐g powder) were recorded in pumpkin seeds as compared with peel and flesh, whereas higher carotenoids (35 2 ± 0 49 mg/100‐g powder) and β‐carotene (6 18 ± 0 04 mg/100‐g powder) were present in pumpkin flesh extract, when compared with peel and seeds Pumpkin flesh, as compared with peel and seeds, contained higher values of Na, K, and Fe (17 87 ± 0 22, 1592 ± 20 3, and 41 50 ± 0 45 mg/100‐g powder, respectively) Valuable amount of Zn (15 21 ± 0 07 mg/100‐g powder) was present in pumpkin seeds powder Pumpkin parts (peel, flesh, and seeds) own high nutritional significance due to the presence of total phenolics, flavonoids, total carotenoids, and appreciable amount of macroelements and microelements Organic waste generated as a result of pumpkin processing could effectively be utilized in different food products for the development of functional and medicinal foods Notably, pumpkin seeds are high in zinc content, and in this situation of COVID‐19 pandemic, scientific community is well aware of oxidation and mediating role of zinc for activation of enzymes in the body Phytochemicals present in pumpkin peel, flesh, and seeds can fight against antiaging and enhance immunity These low‐cost powders from pumpkin parts can be used as a potential source of functional foods and nutraceuticals in food and medicinal industries [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Journal of Food Processing & Preservation is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use This abstract may be abridged No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract (Copyright applies to all Abstracts )


Foundry supporting products such as filter and feeder systems permit the quality of castings for customers, e.g. in the automotive industry, to be improved, as well as saving energy costs and increasing productivity. The removal of impurities, controlled solidification and hot metal flow can significantly improve the performance of casting. This paper describes new approaches in carbon bonded filter technologies and in the light-weight design of feeder-components.


Three principal models exist for iron (oxyhydr)oxide concretion formation in the Navajo Sandstone in southern Utah, USA and the most recent model by Yoshida et al. (2018) suggests that calcite concretions are precursors to iron (oxyhydr)oxide concretions. This model could account for the existence of a gradient of carbonate and iron concretions found in both red diagenetic facies (with primary hematite grains coatings retained) and white diagenetic facies (primary hematite grain coatings removed during diagenesis). However, evidence for calcite precursor minerals and an understanding of the fluid chemistries involved in these diagenetic reactions is lacking. This research focuses on spheroidal concretions in the Navajo Sandstone at Coyote Gulch—a site that is down gradient, but upsection from Spencer Flat (the focus of previous work) and tests the hypothesis that calcite concretions are precursors to iron (oxyhydr)oxide concretions. Bulk mineralogy, bulk geochemistry, and petrography provide elemental and mineralogical composition of the concretions and show that the concretions are calcite cemented (~40 wt.%) and the host rock is predominately iron (oxyhydr)oxide cemented (~3 wt.%). The host rock surrounding embedded concretions shows secondary iron (oxyhydr)oxide precipitation and decreases in calcite in transects away from the concretion. These relationships suggest that the calcite concretions formed prior to the precipitation of secondary iron (oxyhydr)oxides and may have provided a localized buffering environment for the precipitation of iron (oxyhydr)oxides. This study also represents an opportunity to determine a universal model for carbonate and iron (oxyhydr)oxide spheroidal concretion formation, and to understand the influence of fluid interactions in the search for subsurface redox reactions to power metabolisms on Earth and Mars.


In this paper, we propose a novel interaction model for a human-robot cooperative task. The CEA (Commands Embedded in Actions) model reduces a human work-load because a user of a robot needs less inputs and outputs than DCM (Direct Commanding methods) like gesturing. We propose ECEA (Extended CEA) in order to deal with more complicated tasks than CEA. On the cooperative sweeping task between a human and a mobile robot, we apply temporal extension as one of ECEA instances. Multiple commands are embedded in the human action by the extension and the robot performs more complicated task. The experiments for conforming reduction of a human work-load using ECEA are conduced on the sweeping task. Human cognitive loads are measured as human workloads and compared between ECEA and DCM. The results of the experiments showed that the ECEA minimized a human cognitive load.


PBL is a teaching problem-based,student-centered teaching students self-learning mode,which in the infectious diseases teaching can improve students the ability of practical problems resolving and synthesized thinking.In this paper,we evaluated the status of infectious diseases teaching,and explore the application of PBL mode in infectious diseases teaching,to improve the quality of teaching and raise the interest of students in learning the course of infectious diseases.


Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) are a family of closely related key regulatory enzymes and are responsible for the dephosphorylation of phosphotyrosine residues in their protein substrates. So far much evidence has been reported in support of the correlation between malfunctions in PTP activity and various diseases including cancer, neurological disorders, and diabetes. This has made PTPs promising targets for therapeutic intervention. Among the variety of PTPs, vaccinia H1-related (VHR) phosphatase is a dual-specificity phosphatase (DSP) that dephosphorylates the activated ERK and JNK MAP kinases and thereby weakens the ERK signaling cascade in mammalian cells. 3] Recently Rahmouni et al. reported that the human VHR phosphatase was involved in the regulation of cell-cycle progression and was itself modulated during the cell cycle. Using RNA interference, they also showed that cells lacking VHR arrested at the G1-S and G2-M transitions of the cell cycle with a decreased telomerase activity. This line of experimental evidence indicates that VHR can serve as a therapeutic target for cancer. Furthermore, the VHR activity has been known to be promoted by ZAP-70, a spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk)-related tyrosine kinase, which plays a critical role in the immune response of activated T cells, or by the interaction with vaccinia-related kinase 3 (VRK3). The involvement of VHR in immune response also supports the possibility that it can be a potential target for drug discovery. Besides the pharmaceutical interest, specific inhibitors of VHR are expected to be useful for revealing the physiological functions of VHR and ERK signaling. The X-ray crystal structure of VHR exhibited a conserved structural scaffold for both DSPs and PTPs. A shallow active site pocket in VHR is consistent with its broad substrate specificity for the hydrolysis of phosphorylated serine, threonine, and tyrosine residues. Positively charged crevices near the active site were invoked to explain the preference of VHR for the substrates with two phosphorylated residues. In the crystal structure, the catalytic residue Cys124 resides in close proximity to the central sulfur atom of the substrate analogue at a distance of 3.65 >. This supports the possibility that Cys124 acts as a nucleophile attacking the phosphorus atom of a substrate to form a phosphoenzyme intermediate. The X-ray crystal structure also showed that the negatively charged oxygen atoms of the substrate analogue should be stabilized in the active site through the formation of multiple hydrogen bonds with backbone amide groups and the side chain of Arg130. These structural features may serve as key information for the discovery of small molecules modulating the catalytic activity of VHR. Despite a series of experimental evidence for the involvement of VHR in several human diseases, only a few VHR inhibitors have been discovered so far. These include natural products and synthetic compounds such as tetronic acid, RK682, and benzofuran. Recently, Shi et al. identified five new inhibitors of VHR based on structure-based virtual screening with docking simulations in combination with diffusionedited NMR spectroscopy experiments. Subsequent enzymatic assays showed that one of them could inhibit VHR at the micromolar level. The calculated binding mode of the inhibitor was consistent with that in the X-ray crystal structure of VHR in complex with a substrate analogue. In the present study, we identify the novel classes of VHR inhibitors by means of a structure-based drug design protocol involving the virtual screening with docking simulations and in vitro enzyme assay. Virtual screening with docking simulation has not always been successful because of the use of the inaccurate scoring functions. The characteristic feature that discriminates our virtual screening approach from the others lies in the implementation of an accurate solvation model in calculating the binding free energy between VHR and its putative ligands, which would have an effect of increasing the hit rate in the enzyme assay. The reason for this lies in that the overestimation of the binding affinity of a ligand with many polar atoms can be avoided by including its desolvation energy in the scoring function. It will be shown that the docking simulation with the improved scoring function can be a useful tool for elucidating the activities of the identified inhibitors, as well as for enriching the chemical library with molecules that are likely to have biological activities. Of the 85000 compounds subject to the virtual screening with docking simulations, 200 top-scored compounds were selected as virtual hits. 194 of them were available from the compound supplier and were tested for inhibitory activity against VHR by in vitro enzyme assay. The inhibition assay was performed in duplicates at all concentrations of the inhibitors and [a] Prof. H. Park Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology Sejong University 98 Kunja-Dong, Kwangjin-Ku, Seoul 143-747 (Korea) Fax: (+82)2-3408-4334 E-mail : email@example.com [b] S.-K. Jung, Dr. S. J. Kim Translational Research Center Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology 52 Eoeun-Dong, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 305-333 (Korea) Fax: (+82)42-860-4598 E-mail : firstname.lastname@example.com [c] D. G. Jeong, Dr. S. E. Ryu Systemic Proteomics Research Center Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology 52 Eoeun-Dong, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 305-333 (Korea) Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.chemmedchem.org or from the author.


The aim of this study is to determine the thinking styles of teacher candidates and examine the impact of inquiry-based laboratory applications on thinking styles. This research was designed as an experimental model based on a control group with pre- and post-tests. Data were collected by applying the "Thinking Styles Inventory". The thinking styles of teacher candidates developed differently, depending on traditional laboratory and inquiry-based laboratory applications. When post-test scores of thinking styles were examined, there was an increase in the scores of teacher candidates. Therefore, it can be concluded that traditional laboratory and inquiry- based laboratory applications are effective for developing the thinking styles of teacher candidates.


During recent years, short circuits of commercialization have grown in number and importance, mainly those which are related to social and solidarity economy enterprises as well as family agriculture which promote a greater relationship between producers and consumers, and are an alternative to conventional circuits. This paper exposes the evolution of prices and sales volume of a family agriculture fair, comparing, as well, these informations with an average of grocery store prices. The understanding of these aspects of short commercialization circuits aims to be a contribution to the study of the logic that rules these spaces, their advantages and particular features for producers and consumers, information which stems from the analysis of compared prices. The results were obtained through a survey carried out at the 'Manos de la Tierra' fair (La Plata, Buenos Aires) between June 2015 and June 2016, and later compared with with data provided by the Consumer Price Index of the Buenos Aires City Government for the same period.


The low-lying M1 resonance in /sup 208/Pb, /sup 90/Zr, /sup 48/Ca, and /sup 40/Ca is calculated in the framework of a microscopic model that takes into account the 1p1h and 1p1h+phonon configurations. The results are presented in the form of information on the properties (energies and reduced M1 transition probabilities) of separate 1/sup +/ levels. The effect of the 1p1h+phonon configurations as one of the main possible reasons for the observed quenching of the M1 resonance strength is discussed. It turns out that the inclusion of the 1p1h+phonon configurations, which is a new effect compared with the random phase approximation, leads to considerable fragmentation of the M1 resonance; the mean energy and total strength of the resonance change little. It is shown that one must include simultaneously two mechanisms (diagrams) of coupling of 1p1h configurations with 1p1h+phonon configurations, namely, the ''insertion'' diagrams and the ''transverse'' phonon diagram.


Both China's terrestrial and marginal sea systems represent important components of the global carbon cycle. While the Chinese terrestrial ecosystems have been relatively well studied, carbon cycles in Chinese marginal seas are to be better understood. Chinese marginal seas including Yellow Sea, East China Sea and South China Sea represent a major component of the world ocean margin. This paper is attempting to provide an overview of the researches on the cycling of carbon in both Chinese terrestrial systems and marginal seas. Emphases are given to identify key processes that may be responsible for the carbon cycles. Based upon a regional carbon cycle box model that we compiled from updated data sets available, we conclude that there exist substantial unknowns and uncertainties in terms of both fluxes and processes. While we generally lack studies that integrate regional atmospheric-ocean margin land system processes, carbon cycling studies in Chinese marginal seas are particularly needed.


The invention relates to an arrangement (2) and a method for determining a charge state of an electric energy reservoir (4) when said electric energy reservoir is charged with electric energy during a charging process. In said method, the charge state is determined by means of a characteristic map with the aid of at least one value for a current integral as at least one input parameter and with the aid of at least one value for at least one further input parameter.


3,6-Dimethoxypyridazine has been shown to react with hydrazine via 4-amination of 6-methoxy and 6-hydrazino-3(2H)-pyridazinones to give 4-amino-6-methoxy- and 4-amino-6-hydrazino(2H)-pyridazinones, and not the corresponding 5-amino isomers as previously reported. The published synthesis of the 5-amino isomers, used to confirm the earlier findings, is incorrect as regards 5-amino-6-hydrazino-3(2H)-pyridazinone, which has been prepared by an alternative route. The 4-amination reaction has also been extended to 6-chloro-3(2H)-pyridazinone


ABSTRACT A new methodology is proposed for improving the accuracy of groundwater-level estimations and increasing the efficiency of groundwater-level monitoring networks. Three spatio-temporal (S-T) simulation models, numerical groundwater flow, artificial neural network and S-T kriging, are implemented to simulate water-table level variations. Individual models are combined using model fusion techniques and the more accurate of the individual and combined simulation models is selected for the estimation. Leave-one-out cross-validation shows that the estimation error of the best fusion model is significantly less than that of the three individual models. The selected fusion model is then considered for optimal S-T redesign of the groundwater monitoring network of the Dehgolan Plain (Iran). Using a Bayesian maximum entropy interpolation technique, soft data are included in the geostatistical analyses. Different scenarios are defined to incorporate economic considerations and different levels of precision in selecting the best monitoring network; a network of 37 wells is proposed as the best configuration. The mean variance estimation errors of all scenarios decrease significantly compared to that of the existing monitoring network. A reduction in equivalent uniform annual costs of different scenarios is achieved.


The invention relates to a card-operated lock of the type comprising a card (23) provided with a plurality of notches (24) which are arranged to move latching (locking) members (9) after sliding the said card (23) into a slot (7, 8). According to the invention, the latching members comprise tumblers (tumbler pins) (9) which are moved back by springs (11) towards a blind card-insertion slot (7) made in a slide (5) which is also moved back by a spring (6), the said tumblers (9) comprising a head (10) which is enlarged at their end opposite the said insertion slot (7), the said head (10) being housed in a through-bore (3, 3') of a fixed piece (2), the said through-bore (3, 3') communicating with an elongate slot (4, 4') in the fixed piece. Application to locksmithing.


The fossil fuels on earth are depleting day by day, and the pollution like air, soil, water, noise etc are increasing by these. The increasing cost of the fuels is also a point of concern. So, the universe is on the way to use mostly the renewable energy for all the purposes of daily need rather than the use of fossil fuels for electricity generation, kitchen, industry and also, for the energy used for transportation. The electric vehicle is thus proposed to overcome the fuel problem. The main challenge of electric vehicle is to charge the storage battery to continue the drive as long as need. At present, charging of the battery bank is done by manual plug-in the vehicle with the electrical power source or by using the solar photovoltaic (PV) cells [2]. The PV charging serves an important role but the unavailability of solar light for whole day (24 hours) is a big issue. So, this work is a forward step to make the charging more efficient with the combination of wind generator and solar PV cells. Wind generator will give the energy to the storage system when the vehicle is on running state while PV cells do charging when the sun is available.


In this study, we developed an oil spreading and diffusion particle model. The model can calculate oil spreading by particle model to use Fay's equations(1969) and the effectiveness was evidenced. We conducted hindcast simulation of oil spill incident of Hebei Spilit, South Korea in 2007 using the model. We compared calculation and observation of spilled oil, its applicability was verified. We discussed about vertical and horizontal eddy viscosity coefficients because their coefficients affected the simulation results. We proposed vertical eddy viscosity coefficient equal to 0.10m2/s and horizontal eddy viscosity coefficient equal to 30m2/s.


For additional use in industry and biomedicine, water-soluble Cu2+-doped ZnS quantum dots (QDs) (ZnS:Cu) were synthesized with thioglycolic acid (TGA) as the stabilizer in aqueous solutions in air. The products were characterized by x-ray diffraction, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and photoluminescence. The effect of Cu2+ doping concentration and TGA/(Zn+Cu) molar ratio on crystal structures and the luminescent intensity of ZnS:Cu QDs have been investigated. As a result, The as-prepared ZnS:Cu QDs had diameters of 10–12 nm and a sphere monodisperse form that consists of ZnS:Cu nanoparticles of approximately 2 nm. The optimum Cu2+ doping concentration and TGA/(Zn+Cu) molar ratio were obtained when the photoluminescent emission showed a maximum value.


Preface PART I - SPANISH WOMEN IN THE NINETEENTH AND TWENTIETH CENTURIES: The Awakening to Rebellion Visible Women of-the-Second Spanish Republic Two Female Leaders of Revolutionary Spain. PART II - WAR AS MEMORY: Toward a Theory of Memory Texts Women Remembering the War. PART III - PRISON AS MEMORY: The Lost Women of Spanish Prisons, The Intent and Format of the Prison Texts, Themes of the Texts. PART IV EXILE AS MEMORY: The Exodus Memory Texts of Exiled Women Epilogue Notes Bibliography Index.


Background and Aims: The consumption of seafood including tuna is increasing in the world. Seafood contains large amounts of various arsenic compounds but the risk from seafood ingestion is not cle...


In the present article, the author considers factors for sulfate vs. sulfate-free formulating, including cost, foam and viscosity. In addition, two test formulations with and without sulfates are compared. The author concludes that little sound science exists to support the current "sulfate-free" market trend, especially when considering the potential benefits sulfates can impart in formulations.


We extend the formalism introduced in the paper [5] to compute correlation functions in the AdS/CFT correspondence. We show how the on-shell action of a scalar field in a compactification of AdS space can be obtained by flowing in the space of (non-local) theories with different sizes of the extra-dimension. Our method is relevant in particular for holographic computations in the Randall-Sundrum scenario with one or two branes and it allows the inclusion of brane-localized actions in a systematic way. The method can also be generalized to other backgrounds and does not rely on explicit knowledge of the solutions of the wave-equations.


This dissertation extends the standard query language SQL to support real-time databases to create RTSQL (Real-Time SQL). RTSQL includes extensions that specify: temporal consistency constraints on data, timing constraints on execution, bounds on use of system resources for predictability, and flexible transaction structure that relaxes traditional ACID transaction properties to better support real-time requirements.
To aid in identifying the necessary constructs that were added to the language, a model for real-time database systems was developed. The actual language constructs were developed based upon this model, and a subset of the constructs implemented as a prototype system. To evaluate the results, the implementation was tested for correct behavior, and the language constructs evaluated against requirements developed by a standards organization.


1. Soil infiltration capacity determines the partitioning of precipitation into infiltration and overland flow and is therefore an important soil hydrological characteristic. Water infiltration through soil is facilitated by macropores created by roots and soil macrofauna. In clay‐rich soils, such as those of the tropical forests of Sabah, Malaysian Borneo, most infiltration occurs via these preferential flow pathways.


Electrical conductivity measurements have been made over a range of temperatures on single crystals of lithium hydrazinium sulphate. The d-c. conductivity was found to be markedly anisotropic with the direction of easiest conduction along the ferroelectric c axis. The protonic nature of the current carriers was established in an electrolysis experiment in which the evolution of hydrogen gas was found to be, after an initial time lag, directly proportional to the electrical charge transported across the crystal. The conduction process is discussed in terms of crystal structure and proton reorientations.


A 90-days feeding trial was conducted to estimate the adequate dietary vitamin C(Vc) requirement of juvenile Wuchang bream(Megalobrama amblycephala) and its effect on growth,hematology and muscle physiochemical indexes.450 healthy fish were selected and randomly divided into six groups for which Vc were supplemented at 0.2,33.4,65.8,133.7,251.5 and 501.5 mg/kg diet.After 90 days feeding,the growth performance,hematology and muscle physiochemical indexes were investigated.The results showed that the weight gains(WG) and specific growth rate(SGR) had an increasing trend with the increase of dietary vitamin C,the fish in 251.5 mg/kg and 501.5 mg/kg Vc group had significantly higher SGR that in the control group(P0.05);while the feed coefficient reduced with increasing of dietary Vc,but no significant differences were observed among dietary treatments(P0.05).The fish body indices were not significantly different among groups,except the viscerosomatic index in fish with 133.7 mg/kg Vc was significantly higher than that of the control group(P0.05).Compared with the control,the contents of total leukocytes in fish with 65.8-501.5 mg/kg Vc,serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase in fish with 65.8 mg/kg Vc and serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase in fish with 133.7 mg/kg and 501.5 mg/kg Vc were significantly reduced(P0.05).The contents of serum triglycerides in fish with 501.5 mg/kg Vc,superoxide dismutase activities in the muscle in fish with 133.7 mg/kg Vc were significantly improved(P0.05).Other indices,such as survival rate,erythrocyte,hemoglobin,platelets,albumin and cooking loss of muscle were not significantly different among groups(P0.05).Based on broken-line model analyses in this study,the minimum dietary vitamin C level is 150 mg/kg to get optimal WG.


This study examined the relationship between Folk Ssireum players' self-leadership, passion and satisfaction. The research was made with 175 folk Ssireum players who were attended 2014 Players Workshop. Survey data were collected through survey questionnaires and were analyzed with SPSS 18.0 programs. The results of this study based on above methods and procedures were as followings. First, natrral reward and constructive strategy sub factors of self-leadership had positive effect on passion. Second, folk Ssireum players' self-leadership had positive effect on satisfaction. Third, folk Ssireum players' passion had positive effect on satisfaction.


The retention of hydrogen sulfide by alumina-supported vanadium oxide at 650-700 °C is studied with flow reactor experiments. The effects of sorbent prereduction and gas-phase composition (H_2 and H_2O content) are discussed. It is found that hydrogen sulfide is chemisorbed reversibly on a nonstoichiometric vanadium oxide. Bulk sulfide is not formed.


As the rapid change of social and economic environment,the diversification of values and other factors put forward daunting challenges to the ideological and political education for university so that the effectiveness of ideological and political education greatly reduced.Hereto,this paper introduces the effective use of ideological and political education network communication platform,creating a good atmosphere of ideological and political education,improving educational level of the educational workers,establishing the "people-oriented" education concept,strengthening the educational content,and enriching forms of education and other measures in order to enhance the effectiveness of the ideological and political education.


This essay looks into Italian fascism's cultural policies and their repercussions to the Turin intellectual society in the 1930s. Seen from the perspective of stateformation as cultural revolution, Italian fascism can be considered as a totalitarian project to build the nation-state based on the coherent and unitary national culture. In particular, under the serious economic crisis, the regime began to make new efforts to intensify the fascistizzazione of culture, revealing the significant differences from the former cultural policies. Yet, it seems retrospectively that the regime failed to make any serious inroads into Italian culture, at least, the territories of high culture. A case of the Turin intellectual society is symptomatic. Turin, the capital of the Savoyard monarchy and modern industry, showed the remarkable internal intellectual and cultural autonomy under the fascist rule. Turin intellectuals derived the resources for autonomy from the conservative-nationalistic values connected with the monarchy and the liberal customs inspired by Gobetti, Croce and Einaudi etc. Indeed, a case of Turin implies that the so-called fascist cultural revolution was a slow and partial process through adaptation and compromise which might be termed the "gradualist revolution."


The leisure culture of Tao Qian is "poetic inhabitation" in its nature,which can be explored from two perspectives: his poetic life and living poet.


The method to adopt questionnaire investigation and interview, damage the question to the education professional university student's cage of sports, investigate Gansu Province east 2000, 2001, 2002 students, department of physical education of institute, amount to 532 students, 388 boy students, 144 girl students. Position damaged from the sport, causing reason damaged, etc. to be analysed, put forward and prevent the measure that the cage damages .


Malaria is the disease that affects population daily life of Toamasina, the second largest city in Madagascar.  The city is in area with a humid climate with high temperatures; a condition favorable for mosquitoes to breed and to transmit the disease. Thus, malaria puts a heavy strain on budgets across all sectors. This study attempts to demonstrate that while acting upon the Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAP) of the population, which are very weak, an economic gain is within arms reach of the health centers, resulting from a decrease in the number of cases needing treatment. The results show that with a certain level of spending on health promotion activities, there is a large possibility to decrease the number of cases of malaria, because the weak KAP leaves large room for action. A simple mathematical and economic simulation showed that, beyond a threshold level, health promotion and education activities would lead to an economic advantage and savings. However, these actions must be accompanied by diverse measures. These latter points raise more questions of organization and strategy than of financing


In this paper potential strategies to overcome the endurance limitations of hafnium oxide based ferroelectric field effect transistors are discussed. These pathways are based on the assumption that the high interfacial field stress and the accompanying charge injection in the metal-ferroelectric-insulator-semiconductor gate stack are the dominant degradation mechanisms during program and erase operation. Three different approaches capable of lowering or eliminating the interfacial field stress are being assessed - lowering the electrical field stress induced by polarization reversal; utilizing low voltage sub-loop operation; altering the capacitive divider within the gate stack.


The question of using synonyms in translating the Qur'an is a thorny issue that led to both different interpretations and different translations of the holy text. No matter how accurate or professional a translator's attempts have been, Qur'anic translations have always been fraught with inaccuracies and the skewing of sensitive theological, cultural and historical connotations owing to the peculiar mechanism of stress, semantico-syntactic ambiguity, prosodic and acoustic features, the mesh of special rhetorical texture and culture-bound references. Consequently, in most of the English interpretations of the Qur'an, cases of non-equivalence and untranslatability are frequent with plenty of scope for ambiguities, obscurities and fuzzy boundaries. The trend has been to accept exegetical translation based on commentary and explanation of the Qur'anic discourse. Since there is no uniform book of exegesis, translations are considered to be glosses or approximates for non-Arabic speaking Muslims.This study is m...


During 2014 a total of 126 cases of dracunculiasis (guinea-worm disease) from 54 localities were reported by the remaining endemic countries, Chad, Ethiopia, Mali and South Sudan to WHO. This represents a 15% decrease in cases compared to 148 reported in 2013, a 48% reduction in localities reporting cases compared with 103 localities in 2013, and an 80% reduction since 2012, when 272 localities reported cases (Figure 1).


This study analyzes the results obtained from field measurements to one of the main water pipe operating with the dead end system in Karbala city (located in the middle of Iraq is located 105 kilometers south of the capital Baghdad) utilizing Water CAD software. Moreover, the study is conduct to evaluate the existing mainline supply water from AL-khairat area where is the location of the pumping station to improve existing water main line efficiency. The field readings at different junctions' locations is take and which branch out the mainline at seasons in summer, autumn, winter, and different times by using an ultrasonic device. The collected data then simulated in WaterCAD software using an extended period scenario to determine future network defects. Based on the results, The hydraulic analysis demonstrates the extra flow is required to increase pressure and velocity in junctions. The existing pumping, that is a design amount of about 1200 m3/hr is not sufficient to deliver water to the end zones of the line, since the produced quantity of the pumps in the mainline does not exceed 950 m3/hr which was less than the design capacity as shown by field readings, because damaged many parts of which, It needs to increase the design capacity of not less than 2000m3/hr and this conclusion was made based on analysis of the obtained data. In addition, it is necessary to replace the old pumps with new ones in order to provide adequate flow that achieves the pressure and water velocity required.


As one of the key technologies in production process scheduling, line balancing has played a decisive role in improving productivity and increasing utilization efficiency. In this work, a novel approach for balancing manual automobile assembly lines is proposed within an improved genetic algorithm framework, where task sequence chromosomes are coded with satisfaction of precedence constraints and partitioned dynamically under the restricts of unidirectional stations on assembly line. Furthermore, the initial populations, chromosome selection schemes for next generation, crossover and mutation operators are reformed subsequently and hence the assembly balancing problem can be solved to the optimality or near optimality. The computational studies and comparisons have proven the validity and feasibility of the proposed approach in automobile assembly production lines.


In this Letter we report the CO abundance relative to H2 derived toward the circumstellar disk of the T-Tauri star TW Hya from the HD (1 − 0) and C18O (2 − 1) emission lines. The HD (1 − 0) line was observed by the Herschel Space Observatory Photodetector Array Camera and Spectrometer whereas C18O (2 − 1) observations were carried out with the Submillimeter Array at a spatial resolution of 2.″8 × 1.″9 (corresponding to ∼151 × 103 AU). In the disk's warm molecular layer (T > 20 K) we measure a disk-averaged gas-phase CO abundance relative to H2 of χ(CO) = (0.1–3) × 10−5, substantially lower than the canonical value of χ(CO) = 10−4. We infer that the best explanation of this low χ(CO) is the chemical destruction of CO followed by rapid formation of carbon chains, or perhaps CO2, that can subsequently freeze-out, resulting in the bulk mass of carbon locked up in ice grain mantles and oxygen in water. As a consequence of this likely time-dependent carbon sink mechanism, CO may be an unreliable tracer of H2 gas mass.


Na-ion batteries have received considerable attention in recent years but still face performance challenges such as limited cycle lifetime and low capacities at high current rates. In this work, we propose novel combinations of preand post-synthesis treatments to modify known Na-ion battery electrode materials to achieve enhanced electrochemical performance. We work with two model metal oxide materials to demonstrate the effectiveness of the different treatments. First, wet chemical preintercalation is combined with post-synthesis aging, hydrothermal treatment, and annealing of α-V2O5, resulting in enhanced capacity retention in a Na-ion battery system. The hydrothermal treatment resulted in an increased specific capacity of nearly 300 mAh/g. Second, post-synthesis acid leaching is performed on α- MnO2, also resulting in improved electrochemical capacity. The chemical, structural, and morphological changes brought about by the modifications are fully characterized.


An experiment was conducted during the rainy seasons of 1998 and 1999 at the research farm of Rajendra Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur, to study the effect of maize (Zea mays L.)-based intercropping systems on maize yield and associated weeds under rainfed condition. Intercropping systems reduced the values of yield attributes and grain yield of maize than sole cropping of maize, but significant reduction in cob length, kernels/row, grains/cob and grain yield was recorded only with sesame (Sesamum indicum L), turmeric (Curcuma longa L) and forage meth [Phaseolus aconitifolius (Jacq) Marechal] intercropping systems. All intercropping systems recorded significantly higher maize-equivalent yield, productivity (kg/ha/day) and significant reduction in weed population and weed dry-biomass than sole cropping of maize. Among the intercropping systems, maize + turmeric showed significantly higher maize-equivalent yield and productivity (kg/ha/day), however significantly lower values of these were associated with maize + sesame. Maize + forage meth recorded the lowest weed population, weed dry-biomass and highest weed-control efficiency. Highest weed population, weed dry biomass and lowest weed-control efficiency were found with maize + pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.] intercropping system.


This study aimed to provide a theoretical model of resilience among women undergoing fertility treatments, who experience repeated unsuccessful conception attempts.
A qualitative study using a Grounded Theory approach was used and women living in the UK who self-identified as having fertility difficulties were recruited online. Eleven women aged between 24 and 41 years, undergoing various assisted reproductive treatments, took part in individual semi-structured interviews around their experiences of living through unsuccessful fertility treatment attempts. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, and subsequently analysed using the Grounded Theory methodology.
Three core categories were identified; "Appraisal"; "Stepping away from treatment" and "Building self-up for next attempt". Participants demonstrated their resilience by taking steps to build up their resources in preparation for next conception attempts, by nurturing their strength and taking control of their fertility experience. Those who had depleted their resources through the cycle of attempting pregnancy had taken a step back from the treatment cycle to reconnect with themselves, before attempting conception again.
The study concludes that women undergoing fertility treatment demonstrate their resilience through a variety of actions that enable them to continue to pursue their pregnancy goal. Clinical staff should be mindful of their client's need to withdraw from the treatment cycle and offer support to enable women to do this. Further research should aim to explore resilience among women from diverse ethnic backgrounds.


The present invention provides a method for changing the status of the mobile device on the basis of the speed of the mobile device. Communication systems by calculating a difference between the second position of the mobile device of the first position and a second time of the mobile device of the first time determines the speed of the mobile device. If the speed of the mobile device exceeds a predetermined threshold, the communication system changes the state of the mobile apparatus to a sleep state and ends the call to the mobile device a relationship. A mobile device, the speed, a sleep state, the communication system, called


Socioeconomic inequalities are major health determinants. To monitor and understand them at local level, ecological indexes of socioeconomic deprivation constitute essential tools. In this study, we describe the development of the updated version of the European Deprivation Index for Portuguese small-areas (EDI-PT), describe its spatial distribution and evaluate its association with a general health indicator–all-cause mortality in the period 2009–2012. Using data from the 2011 European Union–Statistics on Income and Living Conditions Survey (EU-SILC), we obtained an indicator of individual deprivation. After identifying variables that were common to both the EU-SILC and the census, we used the indicator of individual deprivation to test if these variables were associated with individual-level deprivation, and to compute weights. Accordingly, eight variables were included. The EDI-PT was produced for the smallest area unit possible (n = 18084 census block groups, mean/area = 584 inhabitants) and resulted from the weighted sum of the eight selected variables. It was then categorized into quintiles (Q1-least deprived to Q5-most deprived). To estimate the association with mortality we fitted Bayesian spatial models. The EDI-PT was unevenly distributed across Portugal–most deprived areas concentrated in the South and in the inner North and Centre of the country, and the least deprived in the coastal North and Centre. The EDI-PT was positively and significantly associated with overall mortality, and this relation followed a rather clear dose-response relation of increasing mortality as deprivation increases (Relative Risk Q2 = 1.012, 95% Credible Interval 0.991–1.033; Q3 = 1.026, 1.004–1.048; Q4 = 1.053, 1.029–1.077; Q5 = 1.068, 1.042–1.095). Summing up, we updated the index of socioeconomic deprivation for Portuguese small-areas, and we showed that the EDI-PT constitutes a sensitive measure to capture health inequalities, since it was consistently associated with a key measure of population health/development, all-cause mortality. We strongly believe this updated version will be widely employed by social and medical researchers and regional planners.


Finger print recognition technology is practical and feasible. It is a valuable ID recognition technology. The algorithm we commonly use now cannot provide reliability and high efficient at the same time. Based on effective area capturing and ridges tracing,this article advances an efficient fingerprint extraction algorithm. To capture the effective area and lower down the dependence to the image quality,we first check the core point. Then the tracing ridge is used to extract strange points. Experimental results show that this algorithm can balance the practicality and feasibility at the same time.


The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of perceived value, customer satisfaction, and trust on online coffee shop customer loyalty in medan city. The population in this study are customer of online coffee shops in the city of Medan. The sample in this study were 150 online coffee shop customer in city of Medan who had bought online coffee priducts at least 2 times. The method of analysis used in this research is descriptive analysis method and multiple linear regression analysis processed with SPSS for windows software. Based on the F test (simultaneously) it shows that customer value, customer satisfaction and trust together or simultaneously have a significant effect on customer loyalty. The results of t-test (partial), the variable customer value has a positive and significant effect on customer loyalty, the customer satisfaction variable has a positive and significant effect on customer loyalty, and trust has a positive and significant effect on customer loyalty. Based on the large value of Adjusted Rsquare, it can be seen that the variable customer value, customer satisfaction and trust have a simultaneous effect on customer loyalty by 0.462 or 46.2% while the remaining 53.8% are other factors outside the variables studied.

Keywords : Perceived Value, Customer Satisfaction, Trust dan Customer Loyalty


The Chemical Emergency Preparedness and Prevention training course is designed to assist communities worldwide with planning for and preventing chemical emergencies. The course was developed as part of a national initiative to share areas of technical expertise with developing countries. PRC Environmental Management, Inc. (PRC) was asked by the Chemical Emergency Preparedness and Prevention Office (CEPPO) and the Office of International Activities (OIA) of the US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) to develop training modules for international audiences. The course content reflects the experience of 3,400 local emergency planning committees in the US, as well as guidances prepared by the US National Response Team, CEPPO, and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). Portions of the course were presented in India and Thailand in October 1993 during three workshops sponsored by the US Agency for International Development and the World Environment Center. The information gathered from the workshops influenced the selection and development of instructional strategies and course content.


The distinction between principle (reason) and desire is a basic problem in Song\|ming Neo\|Confucianism which is oriented toward sweeping all human desires in order to restore principle fully. But according to Wang Chuan\|shan, in it there are some difficulties which cannot be overcome: the intention of separating desire from principle is also a particular kind of desire, that is to say, principle and desire is unity; on the other hand, the desire toward things shades not the action of desire but that of reason, therefore the elimination of the desire cannot make principle present.


The energy demand such as gas and oil requires more and more the construction of new pipeline. The transport networks of hydrocarbons are working for gas in the continuous feed of many industrial sectors. Therefore, the service life and safety of these structures are important parameters to ensure the continuity distributions operations. The reliability of these industrial facilities is largely conditioned by specific characteristics for each system, in its conditions of use, its environment. Generally the causes of deterioration of hydrocarbon transportation pipelines are related to the presence of apparent defects (pinholes, cracks, corrosion.....etc.). A study was conducted to evaluate the reliability of these structures according on parameters (depth, length, thickness...). A mechanical model of degradation was used to assess the probability of failure through dimensions of defects.The object of this study is to analyze the defects located on a pipe under a calculation code based on reliability starting from a mechanical model, which integrates uncertainties through probabilistic models and geometric parameters. The parametric study show that the degree of influence of various parameters is not constant and the most dominant variable is the trio, diameter, operating pressure and the depth of the defect, are predominant. The reliability index after optimization of the variable converges towards more or less acceptable values.


Alcaligenes denitrificans which utilizes 4-chlorobenzoate (4CBA) as the only C and energy source, was inhibited by meta-substituted dichlorobenzoates used as cosubstrates. In these conditions dechlorination of 4CBA did not occur. Dechlorination of 4CBA by resting cells was not inhibited by the same dichlorobenzoates


We treat the fictional world of modern English art fairy tale as a trustworthy issue. It is a compulsory characteristic of any text belonging to this genre. We distinguish between true to life fictional world and trustworthy fictional world proper. These types correlate with two varieties of literary communication (fictional and real) and a text of an English art fairy tale fails to cope with its social task unless it can be called trustworthy.


Skin of color (SOC) dermatology is an evolving global subspecialty of dermatology that involves the diagnosis and treatment of cutaneous disorders occurring in a diverse group of people composed of individuals with darker skin types (Fitzpatrick skin Types 4–6) and of various cultures. Not only there are morphological differences in pigmented skin but also there are several variations in common skin and hair problems, as well as unique dermatologic conditions that occur in this population. First, I must give credit where credit is due, and that is to the late Drs. John Kenney and Harold Pierce who were both pioneers in this field and have set the groundwork for all dermatologists and dermatologic surgeons who care for SOC patients.


Introduction: Clinically, rat bite fever (RBF) is a condition caused by Spirillum minus or Streptobacillus moniliformis infections, following rat or any rodent bite. In the absence of a rat bite, this condition cannot be accurately diagnosed. Here, we report the first case of RBF due to S. moniliformis but without a rat bite in China. Case Presentation: A 77-year-old woman with reactive arthritis was admitted to the hospital due to high fever. Initially, we suspected reactive arthritis with liver function deterioration. However, we isolated a bacterium which was confirmed to be S. moniliformis using Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Subsequently, the patient was given targeted anti-infective treatment, which completely resolved the symptoms. The patient was discharged upon fully recovery. Conclusions: Rat bite fever infection caused by S. moniliformis may occur without actual rodent bite. MALDI-TOF MS may be applied to determine the diagnosis of RBF. Difficulties in pathogen and clinical diagnosis highlight the need for discovering the complete exposure history and a greater understanding of this rare zoonotic infections.


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In the current decade, new insights in the interaction between tumors and the immune system have led to the development of immunotherapy as a fundamentally new concept for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. This type of cancer is a promising target for the next generation of immune-based strategies. The goal of immunotherapy in lung cancer is to induce or re-induce a cell-mediated immune response, mainly of T-cells that can selectively destroy cells that display tumor-associated antigens. Modern non-small cell lung cancer vaccine strategies rely on better identification of antigenic targets, the addition of strong immunoadjuvants, and use of more efficient delivery systems. These treatments have convincingly demonstrated to elicit potent immune responses and have shown promising efficacy signals and excellent tolerability in phase II randomized studies. This review examines the most promising active immunotherapy using protein or peptide vaccines, whole-cell vaccines, and dendritic cell vaccines and examines current phase I, II, and III clinical trial data on some novel immune checkpoint inhibitors such as anti-programmed death 1. (J CANCEROL. 2014;1:23-31) Corresponding author: Óscar Arrieta Rodríguez, email@example.com


A new method for det.ermining uranium in samples containing .0.05 percent or more U3 08, using titanous sulfate as reducing agent 1 is much shorter, faster, and has fewer interferences than conventional methods using reductor co lUlllllS • The sample is dissolved with sulfuric, nitric, perchloric, and hydro!"' fluoric acid,s., Elements _that would otherwise form insoluble fluorides are kept in solution by complexing the fluoride ion with boric acid.. A p.recip ... itation is made with cupferron to remove interfering elements.. The solution is filtered to remove the prec:f:pitated cupferrates instead of extracting them with chloroform as is usually done,. Filtration is preferred to extrac .. tion because any niobi~ that may be in solution forms an insoluble cup~ ferrate that may be removed by filtering but is very difficult to extract with chloroform. Excess cupferron is destroyed by oxidizing with nitric and perchloric acids,. and evaporating to dense fumes of sulfuric acid.. The uranium is reduced to .U(IV) by the addition of titanous sulfate, with cupric sulfate used as an indicator of the completeness of the reduction. Metallic copper is formed when all the uranium is reduced,. The reduced copper is then reoxi.dized; by the addition of mercuric perchlorate, an excess of :terric


In this paper, we present a three-dimensional (3-D) wideband geometry-based channel model for multiple-input and multiple-output vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication in tunnel environments. We introduce a two-cylinder model to describe moving vehicles, as well as multiple confocal semi-ellipsoid models to depict internal surfaces of tunnel walls. The received signal is constructed as a sum of direct line-of-sight propagations, rays with single and double interactions. The movement between the mobile transmitter and mobile receiver results in time-varying geometric statistics that make our channel model non-stationary. Using this channel model, the proposed channel characteristics are studied for different V2V scenarios. The numerical results demonstrate that the proposed 3-D non-wide-sense stationary (WSS) wideband channel model is practical for characterizing real V2V channels.