This study aims to determine the effect of compensation on employee performance, either partially or simultaneously. This research was conducted at Environment Agency of Bondowoso Regency with total sample of 100 employees. The analysis tool used is multiple linear regression with t test analysis tools and F test. The analysis process using SPSS statistical software. Hypothesis test results show that compensation consisting of basic salary, commission, incentive, structural allowance, overtime pay, social security, recognition and responsibility both partially and simultaneously affect the performance of employees. The contribution of variable compensation to employee performance is very dominant as evidenced by the coefficient of determinant 0.98%.


Vanadium oxide thin films were deposited onto quartz glass and silicon substrates by radio frequency reactive sputtering methods. The surface morphology, structural features and properties of films were studied by X-ray diffraction(XRD),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), atomic force spectroscopy(AFM), spectrophotometer and resistance measurement methods to ensure the growth of the deposited films. These investigation shown that the deposited thin film has TCR value over 1.8% per degree centigrade and square resistance of 22±5kΩ/□.


Goodwin Liu is an Associate Justice of the California Supreme Court. For helpful research assistance, I thank my law clerks Rob Katz and Phil Mayor as well as the staff of the California Supreme Court library, Clerk's Office, and Calendar Coordinator's Office. For informative perspectives on the decisionmaking process of other state high courts, I am grateful to Justice Robert Edmunds of the North Carolina Supreme Court, former Chief Justice of the Texas Supreme Court Wallace Jefferson, former Chief Justice of the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court Margaret Marshall, former Chief Justice of the Arizona Supreme Court Ruth McGregor, Justice David Nahmias of the Georgia Supreme Court, Chief Justice Maureen O'Connor of the Ohio Supreme Court, and Justice David Stras of the Minnesota Supreme Court. uC LA L AW R EV IE W


An amphiphilic graft copolymer comprising a poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) backbone and poly (styrene sulfonic acid) (PSSA) side chains (PVC-g-PSSA) was synthesized via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Mesoporous titanium dioxide (TiO2) films with crystalline anatase phase were synthesized via a sol-gel process by templating PVC-g-PSSA graft copolymer. Titanium isopropoxide (TTIP), a TiO2 precursor was selectively incorporated into the hydrophilic PSSA domains of the graft copolymer and grew to form mesoporous TiO2 films, as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The performances of dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) were systematically investigated by varying spin coating times and the amounts of P25 nanoparticies. The energy conversion efficiency reached up to 2.7% at 100 mW/㎠ upon using quasi-solid-state polymer electrolyte.


Geologic Multi-Variate Statistical Analysis is to research mutual reliant relation of several geologic variables and internal statistical disciplinarian by analyzing and deducing geologic data,it relates to complex mathematics count.The text is achieving gene analysis of Geologic Multi-Variate Statistical Analysis and the drawing of isoline by MATLAB,and discusses elementarily the methods of solving the count and drawing of Geologic Multi-Variate Statistical Analysis.


The invention discloses a method for preparing photonic crystals through 3D (Three-Dimensional) printing. The method comprises the following steps of preparing macromolecule raw materials for 3D printing by using monodisperse colloidal particles, layering a three-dimensional solid model of photonic crystals into a plurality of two-dimensional patterns, printing the two-dimensional patterns layer by layer in sequence on a substrate and curing layer by layer to prepare three-dimensional photonic crystals which having high dielectric ratios or are suitable for network topology structures. Compared with a current preparation method of the photonic crystals, the method is quick and convenient, lo in investment costs of devices, simple in process, energy-saving and environmentally friendly and short in consumed time, and three-dimensional structure shapes of the prepared photonic crystals are diversified and extensive. The method is an ideal manner of preparing special-purpose photonic crystals in the future. The method is capable of realizing batch production; the prepared photonic crystals can be widely applicable to the scientific research and life of optical devices, tissue culture frames, super lyophobic liquid surface, anti-counterfeiting marks and ornaments, so that the photonic crystals are wide in market prospects.


An electrochemical device (1A) comprises a first and a second electrode pads (5a, 5b) on respective surfaces (11) of bumps (3a, 3b), and a first and a second electrode pads (7a, 7b) on respective undersides (13) of bumps (3a, 3b). The first and second foil-shaped electrode terminals (261a, 261b) of the electrochemical device (251) are electrically connected with the first and the second electrode pads (5a, 5b), respectively. Besides, the first and second foil-shaped electrode terminals (262a, 262b) of the electrochemical device (252) are electrically connected with the first and the second electrode pads (7a, 7b), respectively.


The face recognition is an active subject in the fields of computer vision and pattern recognition,which has a wide range of potential applications.In this paper,an implementation of a face recognition system based on PCA and LDA is presented.First this algorithm extracts the principal component by utilizing the techniques of the singular value decomposition,then the Fisher linear discriminant analysis is used to get the final features.Finally,the projected test image is compared with every training image′s and the training image that is found to be closest to the test image is used to identify.The images are compared using the Euclidean distance.The effectiveness of the approach is experimentally demonstrated.


Abstract : In the study and modeling of sound propagation of the ocean bottom, one of the most important parameters is the velocity of sound versus depth in the bottom. To provide this parameter in the Somali Basin and the Arabian Sea, each area was sampled with velocity-depth measurements by the wide-angle bottom reflection method. Sediment surface sound velocity and bottom water sound velocity were collected as supporting data. From these data, instantaneous velocity functions and velocity-depth functions were derived using the method of Houtz et al. (1968, 1970) and Bachman and Hamilton (1980). Data from groups of stations were used to derive a representative function for an area or line of stations. Based on the results of the analysis, a minimum number of representative functions were derived for the larger area. In the Somali Basin, a maximum of three functions adequately characterizes the relationship for the area. In the Arabian Sea, due to the physiography, four functions are needed to characterize the relationship throughout the area. In the course of the work, a close relationship of sediment surface velocity and depth was noted. This was verified by plotting the sediment surface sound velocity versus depth and fitting these data with a least-squares line. A correlation coefficient was used to verify the relationship.


Service-Disabled Veteran Small Business Owners' Success Strategies by Calvin Lewis Russell MS, National Defense University, 1996 MBA, Troy University, 1987 BS, Jacksonville State University, 1977 Doctoral Study Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Business Administration Walden University July 2016 Abstract The federal government has been inconsistent in meeting the mandated contracting setaside goals of 3% to aid service-disabled veteran small business owners. Guided by the general systems theory, the purpose of this qualitative exploratory case study was to explore what strategies an owner and 2 senior managers of a small service-disabled veteran-owned business in the Washington, DC metropolitan used to obtain federal contracts. The owner and senior members represented those responsible for strategic vision, development of business opportunities, and the company acquisition process. Data were collected from semistructured face-to-face interviews and corporate documents. Member checking and transcript review were completed to strengthen trustworthiness of interpretations of the participants' responses. Based on the methodological triangulation of the data sources collected, 6 themes emerged from the data analysis as key strategies to obtain federal contracts: business practices, business development of opportunities to attain growth, marketing to obtain opportunities to bid, networking to gain industry knowledge on trends and markets, understanding federal government contracts which emphasized the federal acquisition system access and availability of procurement information, and contract bidding which emphasized the importance of solution development. The findings from the study may contribute to social change by providing insights and strategies for service-disabled veteran small business owners in sustaining profitability through obtaining government contracts. The data from this study may contribute to the prosperity of the veteran small business owners, their employees, their families, and local communities.The federal government has been inconsistent in meeting the mandated contracting setaside goals of 3% to aid service-disabled veteran small business owners. Guided by the general systems theory, the purpose of this qualitative exploratory case study was to explore what strategies an owner and 2 senior managers of a small service-disabled veteran-owned business in the Washington, DC metropolitan used to obtain federal contracts. The owner and senior members represented those responsible for strategic vision, development of business opportunities, and the company acquisition process. Data were collected from semistructured face-to-face interviews and corporate documents. Member checking and transcript review were completed to strengthen trustworthiness of interpretations of the participants' responses. Based on the methodological triangulation of the data sources collected, 6 themes emerged from the data analysis as key strategies to obtain federal contracts: business practices, business development of opportunities to attain growth, marketing to obtain opportunities to bid, networking to gain industry knowledge on trends and markets, understanding federal government contracts which emphasized the federal acquisition system access and availability of procurement information, and contract bidding which emphasized the importance of solution development. The findings from the study may contribute to social change by providing insights and strategies for service-disabled veteran small business owners in sustaining profitability through obtaining government contracts. The data from this study may contribute to the prosperity of the veteran small business owners, their employees, their families, and local communities. Service-Disabled Veteran Small Business Owners' Success Strategies by Calvin Lewis Russell MS, National Defense University, 1996 MBA, Troy University, 1987 BS, Jacksonville State University, 1977 Doctoral Study Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Business Administration Walden University July 2016 Dedication I am dedicating this study to my late mother, Ola M. Russell, my wife Rosetta and my children Chaddrick, Creighton, Tiffani, Taiylor, and Christian. Thank you for your patience, inspiration and understanding. Your motivational speeches inspired me to continue when events seemed insurmountable at the time. I love you! Acknowledgments God's grace is the reason for the successful journey. This doctoral journey would not have been possible without the love, encouragement and sacrifice of my wife, children, and the grandchildren. I would like to thank Dr. Patricia Fusch, my doctoral chair, who has been the steady force in this journey. Her mentorship, support, and understanding has no peer. I would like to acknowledge the remarkable committee members, Dr. Janet Booker, and Dr. John House, who assisted Dr. Fusch in helping me complete the doctoral study. You are the greatest. Next, I would like to thank my battle buddy, Mary-Jo; we started and finished this journey together. Special thanks to friends and family for their continued encouragement. This study would not exist without The Company and the senior members, thank you. I just hope you are proud of the product. To my colleagues, I would like to thank you for your professionalism and support. I would like to thank the Walden University for the educational experience. Last but certainly not least I would like to thank the DBA staff, you are true professionals.


SUMMARY In 44 patients with coronary disease the relation between work and ST segment depression (AST) was investigated during graded exercise standardised in terms of each subject's maximum work capacity (W max). In 10 patients who were subsequently treated medically (group M) the relation remained unaltered during subsequent studies at three and 12 months. In all patients the effect of beta blockade (3 mg pindolol iv) on the work-AST relation was examined and two groups were identified before surgery on the basis of their response to the beta blocker. In 28 patients who subsequently underwent coronary bypass surgery (group SA) and the 10 patients of group M beta blockade significantly altered the relation so that there was less ST depression at a given workload. However, in six patients who also subsequently underwent bypass surgery (group SB) there was paradoxically more pronounced ST depression after pindolol. There was no alteration in maximum work capacity after pindolol in any of the groups. In the 28 group SA patients there was one death after surgery; the work-AST relation in the other 27 patients of this group was even less depressed than with pindolol at a given workload and maximum work capacity had increased by 32 ± 6 per cent; most patients were asymptomatic. In group SB patients the response to surgery was uniformly poor and all patients continued to have angina. No change occurred in the work-AST relation after surgery, there were two late deaths, and all six patients had evidence of postoperative infarction. The direction of shift by beta blockade of work-AST curve may have prognostic significance for subsequent coronary artery surgery.


Polysemous verbs may be diffi cult to translate even into a closely related language. A structurally similar equivalent is oft en unavailable or suboptimal due to the diff erent patterning of a given semantic fi eld in the target language. Czech psych verbs translated into Polish represent a case in point. Following previous studies of a number of such verbs, the focus of the contribution is on postrádat 'miss'. Lexical entries in several monolingual, bilingual, and valency dictionaries are contrasted with concordances found in a parallel corpus, off ering a colorful picture of various strategies, many of them structurally diff erent from the original. Despite relatively low frequencies, some preferences in the choice of equivalents have been detected, namely for brak or brakować. PRACE FILOLOGICZNE, tom LXXIV PF 2019 (LXXIV): 231–244


The use of a minicomputer for the acquisition and analysis of unsteady aerodynamic data is described. Some of the novel features of the system include: on-line digitization, a signal-averaging algorithm, Fourier decomposition, graphical display, and on-line theoretical computations to compare with the ongoing experiment. The system's capabilities are described using some data from a recently completed oscillating airfoil experiment.


Zeptomole detector: A highly sensitive giant-magnetoresistive chip and FeCo nanoparticles can be used to linearly detect 600-4500 copies of streptavidin. Under unoptimized conditions, this system also detects human IL-6 with a sensitivity 13-times higher than that of standard ELISA techniques.


Although Alberts et al. (1) correctly identify many of the systemic problems facing investigator-initiated research funding, their solutions appear (to me) similar to that of an addict demanding that others save them from themselves.


Aim To study the chemical constituents of Buddleja lindeyana. Methods The constituents were separated and purified by different methods of chromatography, and their structures were elucidated by IR, MS and NMR. Results Three iridoid glycosides and two other compounds were isolated from Buddeja lindeyana. Their structures were elucidated to be 6-O-fendoylajugol (1), erythro-6-oxo-4'-(3-methoxyl-4-hydroxyphenylglycol-8')-fendoylaj-ugol (2), threo-6-oxo-4'-(3-methoxyl-4-hydroxyphenylglycol-8')-fendoylajugol (3), tetra-cosanoic acid 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester (4), and galactitol (5). Conclusion All the compounds have been isolated from this plant for the first time. Compounds 1,2 and 3 have protective effect agains MPP^+-induced apoptosis.


Objective The aim is to provide a high-level synthesis of human factors research that contributed to the development of detect-and-avoid display requirements for unmanned aircraft systems (UAS). Background The integration of UAS into the U.S. National Airspace System is a priority under the Federal Aviation Administration's Modernization and Reform Act. For UAS to have routine access to the National Airspace System, UAS must have detect-and-avoid capabilities. One human factors challenge is to determine how to display information effectively to remote pilots for performing detect-and-avoid tasks. Method A high-level review of research informing the display requirements for UAS detect-and-avoid is provided. In addition, description of the contributions of human factors researchers in the writing of the requirements is highlighted. Results Findings from human-in-the-loop simulations are used to illustrate how evidence-based guidelines and requirements were established for the display of information to assist pilots in performing detect-and-avoid. Implications for human factors are discussed. Conclusion Human factors researchers and engineers made many contributions to generate the data used to justify the detect-and-avoid display requirements. Human factors researchers must continue to be involved in the development of standards to ensure that requirements are evidence-based and take into account human operator performance and human factors principles and guidelines. Application The research presented in this paper is relevant to the design of UAS, the writing of standards and requirements, and the work in human–systems integration.


Mounting member (16) for a carton or flexible bag pouring outlet having a flange (17), the hole in the tray flange may be welded around. A diaphragm (32) can be taken out from the outlet flange projecting outwardly, diaphragm (32) is formed with an inwardly projecting portion (29) integrally protruding portion (29) located inside the outlet, and close to a high degree of the middle part. Preferably the separator form a recess shape. Horizontally disposed pull ring (39) fixed to the diaphragm by a connecting portion (37), the membrane thus taken out by tearing by pulling break line (36). Break line (36) located at the outer edge of the diaphragm and the projecting portion (29) at the connection. A cover (46) on the exit button, and can by unscrewing the threaded (52,28) on the outlet and cooperating benefits of removing the cover, respectively. The lower edge of tamper indicating band (56) connected to the breakable cap skirt (48).


A three-day project orientation workshop was launched in Vientiane on 18-20 September 2002. The main objectives of the workshop were: to induce the overall policy for institutionalisation of population studies and sexual health education in the formal and non-formal education systems; and to draw up the operation plan for the implementation of the project. (excerpt)


The generating efficiency of gas turbine combination cycle is about 10%higher than that of common generating plants. The gas turbine using a low caloric value gas, which is suitable for iron and steel plants, has both single and multi tube type burner. Its capacity should be counted and determined according to the law of normal distribution of the surplus gas amount in an iron and steel plant. In this paper, some special problems such as the shaft system, pre treatment of gas, electric network connection, etc. are introduced. The unit of approximately 50MW has been manufactured in our country.


In this paper, amorphous TbFe magnetostrictive films were fabricated by dc magnetron sputtering. The effect of the oblique angle of the substrate on magnetostrictive properties of the TbFe film was investigated by oblique mounting of the substrate. The results indicate that the magnetostrictive coefficient of the TbFe film increases and reaches 1.02×10~(-4) under the external magnetic field up to 110kA·m~(-1) and the easy direction of magnetization of the TbFe film gradually turns from the substrate normal to the direction parallel to the substrate with the increasing of oblique angle of the substrate. These derivations are due to the shape anisotropy connected with oblique columnar microstructure of the films by sputtering of oblique substrate.


5 cm diameter, plane multilayer mirrors of different 2d value, have been fabricated from polycrystalline platinum and amorphous carbon. The performance of these multilayers as a function of layer number and thickness is presented. The importance of the commensurate nature of the stack in determining the Bragg reflectivity values (typically greater than 40% at wavelength 0.834nm) is described with reference to TEM photographs and resistivity measurements.


The purpose of this study was to observe changes in sprint velocity, ground contact time, and peak force demonstrated by a competitive sprinter following an integrated approach to speed development and strength training. As part of an ongoing monitoring procedure the participant completed 20m sprint testing through an optical measurement system and isometric-strength testing before and after each phase of training. Sprint velocity, ground contact time and peak force were analysed using Tau-U, smallest worthwhile and percent change statistics. Results indicate sprinting velocity statistically improved while changes in peak force were practically significant and ground contact time remained trivial throughout the investigation. Results lead investigators to suggest the implementation of a periodized approach merging technical skill and the development of physical abilities. The integrated approach provided a transfer of training effect and may have been the primary source of sprint enrichment.


We analyze the classical Pollard's Rho algorithm for finding the discrete logarithm in a cyclic group G. We prove that, with high probability, a collision occurs and the discrete logarithm is potentially found in O( √ |G| log |G| log log |G|) steps, not far from the widely conjectured value of Θ( √ |G|). This improves upon a recent result of Miller–Venkatesan which showed an upper bound of O( √ |G| log |G|). Our proof is based on analyzing an appropriate nonreversible, non-lazy random walk on a discrete cycle of (odd) length |G|, and showing that the mixing time of the corresponding walk is O(log |G| log log |G|). We also observe that the standard methods using functional-analytic constants (spectral gap, logarithmic Sobolev etc.), combinatorial comparison or standard coupling arguments fall short here and will at best offer a bound of O(log |G|).


Tietz Textbook of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics EBookEFFECT OF ADDING DAPAGLIFLOZIN AS AN ADJUNCT TO INSULIN ON URINARY ALBUMIN-TO-CREATININE RATIO OVER 52 WEEKS IN ADULTS WITH TYPE 1 DIABETES.Advances in Critical Care TestingBiomarkers of Kidney Function and Cognitive Performance in Middle-aged and Older AdultsAdvances in Blood Pressure Determination Research and Application: 2013 EditionDecrease Trend of Urinary Albumin Excretion in the Japanese General Population After New Health Strategy: Watari StudyClinician's Manual of Pediatric NephrologyClinical BiochemistryResults of an Aboriginal Community-based Renal Disease Management Program Incorporating Point of Care Testing for Urine AlbuminComprehensive Cardiovascular Medicine in the Primary Care SettingIdentification, Management and Referral of Adults with Chronic Kidney DiseaseType 2 DiabetesAlbuminuria Predicts Adverse Renal Outcomes and Death After Liver Transplantation: a Retrospective Cohort StudyDiagnosis and Treatment in Internal MedicineAn Innovative Australian Point-of-care Model for Urine AlbuminChronic Kidney Disease in AdultsChronic Kidney DiseasePredictors of Renal and Patient Outcomes in Chronic Kidney DiseaseIssues in Medical Chemistry: 2013 EditionLong-term Chronic Kidney Disease and Hypertension in Children Previously Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit with and Without Acute Kidney InjuryClinical Companion in NephrologyUrine Albumin Creatinine Ratio as an Independent Marker for Diabetic Nephropathy in HypertensionA Practical Guide to Global Point-of-Care TestingDiabetes CareManagement of Chronic Kidney DiseaseChesley's Hypertensive Disorders in PregnancyLiving Kidney DonationEffect of Metabolic Syndrome on Diabetic Nephropathy Progression in Elderly Patients with T2DM a Longitudinal StudyUrine Albumin and Specific GravityBrenner and Rector's The Kidney E-BookABC of Kidney DiseaseHandbook of Chronic Kidney


For the rising of demand in the aged welfare, the long-term care service model has changed a lot in recent years. The care models for the elderly have been developed gradually since 1970s.. In the beginning of 21 centuries, one of long-term care policy, the "new nursing home for elderly" based on the "unit care" ideas has reframed the long-term care service model. "New nursing home for elderly" is a "small scale life unit" type of nursing home, whose characters include "single room", "pay for housing rent", and "the small group unit care (Unit Care)". The "Unit Care" is not only popular care service model in Japan; it also attracts attention in Taiwan in the recent year. This article will enrich the debates of "Unit Care", which can improve the understanding of "Unit Care" model in Taiwan. This article will help us to understand the practical experiences of "Unit Care" in Japan, and thinking the implement of the "Unit Care" service model for elderly in Taiwan. The following issues were discussed in the article: 1. The analysis on the developmental background of "Unit Care" service model in Japan, which has impacted "group home" and the practice of long-term Care Insurance System. 2. The law system, environmental construction and practical ideas of "Unit Care" were discussed. 3. The states of "Unit Care" service model focused on the development of advancing care service in the nursing homes. 4. The effects of the "Unit Care" on the practices field in nursing home were introduced. 5. The suggestions in the practice of "Unit Care" were provided for Taiwan.


We demonstrate transmission of a 100-Gbit/s 32-QAM dual-polarization signal over a 200-km dispersion-managed fiber link using a digital coherent receiver. The receiver sensitivity of −20 dBm at BER = 10−3 is obtained after 200-km transmission.


A kinetic model of redox sorption incorporating the main stages of the external- and internal-diffusion transfer of the oxidant and the rate of its chemical transformation at two mobile boundaries was used to describe thebehavior of a stationary grainy bed of a sorbent in a column-type reactor. It was established how the dynamic characteristics of the bed depend on the dimensionless kinetic parameters of the sorption system. The data obtained can be used to describe the reductive sorption of oxygen by a grainy layer of an H-form EI-21 electron-ion copper-containing exchanger. An optimal method for determining kinetic constants from experimental data was proposed. Regions in which reductive sorption is limited by various diffusional stages were identified. It was examined how the contributions from external- and internal-diffusion resistances change with time during the sorption process.


A forming station has been designed and fabricated. The forming stations allow automatic control of the pressure, temperature, vacuum, and cooling cycles required for pressure/vacuum dies used to form or bond aluminum-Mylar laminate, Mylar films, and polycarbonate sheets.


Background  The efficacy of sunscreens is assessed on the basis that 15–20 g/m2 (1.5–2 mg/cm2) is applied. However, expecting people to apply such large amounts is perhaps unrealistic.


In social media, it is important to build a community that includes people who share similar interests and purposes to foster further interaction and communication. In this study, we present a user profile construction method based on a time series of user preferences to allow the recommendation of appropriate people for the community. This method extracts user preferences as time series data by capturing the user's information browsing behavior in three information spaces: (1) a Web document information space, (2) an augmented reality information space, and (3) an interaction information space with applications for mobile devices. Our proposed method suggests potential members of a clique thus providing opportunities for users of social media to notice the implicit interests associated with other users based on their browsing behavior from the past to the current state, as well as to encourage social communication and relationships.


The invention discloses a method for reducing interference and an electronic device. The electronic device is provided with a first interface and can send and receive data through the first interface. The electronic device further comprises a radio frequency module used for sending communication data interactions. In the process that the data are transmitted through the radio frequency module, the first transmission frequency of the radio frequency module for transmitting the data is obtained and corresponds to a first frequency point, the first interface is controlled based on the first transmission frequency to transmit the data with the variable frequencies, at least one of the variable frequencies corresponds to a second frequency point, and the second frequency point and the first frequency point are in a non-frequency-doubling relation.


Flash's endurance limits its employment in data-intensive processing in-memory (PiM) applications. We propose a high-temperature environment and Circadian Rhythm adoption to tackle the endurance limitation of flash memory that is used as a processing element. We found that flash memory behaves more reliably at higher temperatures, and Circadian Rhythm prevents most of the permanent damage. Even though data retention decreases with increasing temperature, flash operations (read, erase, program) yield more correct outcomes and are less destructive (causing less stress) at high temperatures. Therefore, in contrast to storage applications, PiM applications perform more reliably at high temperatures. We propose a solid-state drive architecture that consists of both hot (for processing) and cold (for storage) flash memories. Our results indicate that lifetime without an Error Correction Code (ECC) (i.e., considering the first occurrence of an error) increases by 100%, and raw byte error at 180k Program/Erase cycle count decreases by 99.975% while increasing the temperature from 50 °C to 95 °C. Employment of Circadian Rhythms "500-1h" (i.e., 500 P/E cycles followed by 1 hour of recovery) increases lifetime without an ECC of the flash by 82%, and decreases raw byte error by 95.5% over "200k-10h". This promising increase in lifetime paves the way for processing data-intensive applications in flash.


Abstract : An intensive cultural resources survey was conducted. A records search and pedestrian survey failed to find any historic, prehistoric, or architectural resources. The Corps proposes to rebuild the levee failures further back from the river edge. Each section will be tied-in to the existing levee. Materials for building the new levee sections will be taken from the existing older levee. No other borrow areas will be required.


and vegetables, which have erotic connotations. The last chapter treats the modern reception of the Aeneid. P. Hardie explores the fascinating game of translation and adaptation of the Aeneid and its implications from Chaucer (House of Fame) to Wordsworth (translation of the Aeneid). Translation is rightly treated as a form of reception, whose various ways of realisation, their purpose, effect and criticisms Hardie analyses. In his concluding remarks Hardie argues that despite the numerous efforts, Dryden still stands at the top as far as literary quality is concerned. This well-organised volume presents a conglomeration of insightful ideas. Although some of the topics are unrelated, the editors have managed to place them in an order that creates a sense of continuity and unity as much as possible with such a broad spectrum of themes. A short review cannot do justice to any of the essays but I have tried to at least mention the novel insights of the contributors, providing enough information to reveal the academic as well as aesthetic value of each essay.


Linear elastic fracture mechanics was used to study longitudinal crack propagation in bovine compact bone. The resistance to crack initiation in slotted specimens was examined by measuring both the critical stress intensity factor, K" and the critical strain energy release rate, G,. A change in specimen thickness (from 0.185 to 0.380 em) did not affect the value of K, (or G,). A significant positive correlation (P < 0.01) was found between K, (or G,) and dry density. A companson of the experimentally determined effective modulus (relating K, and G,) with an effective modulus calculated from the transversely isotropic model for bone showed good agreement.


This paper describes the design approach of a twoweekworkshop on cultural heritage, resulting in an interactivelighting installation to reveal cultural insights on groupdynamics. The paper illustrates the use of designed interactiveexperiences to unravel cultural subtleties and the use of newtechnologies to support the design and observation of theseexperiences, developed by one of the three project teamsparticipating in this workshop. This design approach supportsour conclusion that the diversity of perspectives in the creation ofdepth is an essential issue when revealing cultural heritage.Keywords-cultural research; interdisciplinary; multi-cultural


The contact bounce of relays, which is the main cause of electric abrasion and material erosion, is inevitable. This paper presents an investigation of the parameters influencing the dynamics characteristics of contact bounce under different current loading. An experimental model system, which simulated the direct-driven reed systems of relays, was designed. The measurements of small bouncing displacement and dynamic contact force have been achieved separately by using a high-precision laser displacement sensor and a piezoelectric quartz sensor. Several results have been obtained: With driving force augmenting, the range of dynamic contact force variety, the maximum impact speed and over-travel of contacts increase, but the maximum bouncing displacement and time decrease, and the first coefficient of restitution tends to increase while the subsequent coefficients tend to decrease. With load current increasing, the over-travel of contacts increases, but the range of dynamic contact force variety and the maximum impact speed decrease, while the maximum bouncing displacement and time decrease at the first then increase. The coefficients of restitution have a decreasing tendency along with the current increasing. The experimental results would be helpful to the further study of the characteristic of contact bounce in DC electromagnetic relay.


Examination is one of the common assessment methods to assess the level of knowledge of students. Assessment methods probably have a greater influence on how and what students learn than any other factor. Assessment is used to discriminate not only between different students but also between different levels of thinking. Due to the increasing trends in class sizes and limited resources for teaching, the need arises for exploring other assessment methods. Multiple-Choice Questions (MCQs) have been highlighted as the main way of coping with the large group teaching, ease of use, testing large number of students on a wide range of course material, in a short time and with low grading costs. MCQs have been criticised for encouraging surface learning and its unfairness. MCQs have a variety of scoring options; the most widely used method is to compute the score by only focusing on the responses that the student made. In this case, the number of correct responses is counted, the number of incorrect answers is counted and a final score is reported as either the number of the correct answers or the number of correct answers minus the number of incorrect answers. The disadvantages of this approach are that other dimensions such as importance and complexity of questions are not considered, and in addition, it cannot discriminate between students with equal total score. In this paper, a method to automatically evaluate MCQs considering importance and complexity of each question and providing a fairer way to discriminating between students with equal total scores is presented.


Particles present invention has been made in at least one material selected from the group consisting of metal oxides, ceramic materials, relates to the electron-emitting carbon-based composite particles and a method for the display; And some are buried in the interior of the particles and some provides a carbon-based composite particles for electron emission comprising a carbon-based material that are projected on the surface. Carbon nanotubes, the composite particles, the electron emission, the metal particles


Alumina-titanium carbide composite sliders used in magnetic recording were coated with diamondlike carbon (DLC) to permit exploration of their effect on tribochemical wear. For comparison, testing was performed on both coated and uncoated sliders. Gases sampled directly from the sliding interface between a carbon-coated thin-film magnetic recording disk and the slider contained carbon dioxide in both dry nitrogen and dry oxygen environments. In the oxygen environment, uncoated sliders produce carbon dioxide at a rate 10 times greater than coated sliders. This suggests that catalysts in the slider composite material are necessary for carbon oxidation wear. Presented as a Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers paper at the STLE/ASME Tribology Conference in Kissimmee, Florida, October 8–11, 1995


The present investigation was conducted on different genotypes of aonla to assess the variability in physico-chemical properties of fruits. These plant were planted in the campus of Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, U.P. The experiment was arranged in Randomized Block Design with 12 treatments and four replications. The observations recorded during experiment showed that genotype 6 and 7 were found most superior, in terms of physic- chemical properties of fruits. The maximum pulp content (88.25%), pulp: stone ratio (8.24) and ascorbic acid content (679.25 mg/ 100g) was recorded in genotype 7. Where as, highest TSS (12.18%), lowest acidity (1.80%) and maximum sugar (3.50%, 2.50% and 6.0% reducing, non-reducing and total sugar, respectively) was found in genotype 6.


This year's San Francisco International Asian American Film Festival was a picture of transitions, with programming reflecting some of the recent trends in independent Asian American media production. The festival also pointed out an identity crisis of sorts, as it demonstrated the difficulty in outlining a clear and cohesive definition of Asian American filmmaking. The festival opened with a screening of the silent Chinese classic Love and Duty (1931, by Richard Poh), although it has only peripheral ties to the Asian American community Set in Shanghai, Love and Duty demonstrates a modern sensibility that reflects the Western character of the city. The film includes a riveting performance by Ruan Lingyu, one of China's most popular actresses at the time. intended to show the link between Asian and Asian American films, Love and Duty instead felt like a diversion on the path to the true heart of the festival. Asian American filmmakers have produced a notable body of work in recent years, and the bulk of seminal films in the field have been documentaries or experimental work. This year's festival began a new trend, with the premieres of four first-time features by young Asian American directors. The directors, linked by youth and their impressive technical skills, explore themes and issues common to Asian American films and videos from years past. Quentin Lee and Justin Chin's Shopping For Fangs (1997) is a sassy melange of cinematic styles. In this cross-gendered. cross-genred narrative, two separate stories follow a Chinese American proto-werewolf and a blond-wigged, lesbian Vietnamese American coffee shop waitress and eventually intersect, reaching a satisfying conclusion that pays homage to John Woo, Hammer Studios and nighttime soaps. Yet despite its souped-up mise-en-scene, techno soundtrack and ultra-hip young characters, the story is ultimately about identity, cultural confusion and finding one's own voice and desires, all of which have been recurrent themes in Asian American films past and present. Chris Chan Lee's Yellow (1996) follows the adventures of a group of seven Korean teenagers on the verge of high school graduation. It includes several comic moments that keenly comment on the foibles of Asian American family life. The director's touch, however, is perhaps a bit too light, and performances by the youthful ensemble range from subtle to overwrought. In addition, the storyline stumbles after the second half of the film, as it desperately seeks resolution through a series of contrived plot devices. Veteran Korean American actor Soon-Tek Oh does, however, effectively portray an angry, overworked convenience store owner. Sunsets (1997, by Eric Nakamura and Michael Idemoto), also traces the exploits of a group of teens approaching adulthood. However, where Yellow strays into the realm of television melodrama, Sunsets maintains a naturalistic tone and texture throughout. Shot in grainy 16mm black and white film, with a spare, jazzy soundtrack, the film cost less than $20,000 to make. It follows the lazy, nihilistic existence of three borderline delinquents as they while away the summer in Watsonville, CA, a small farming community southeast of San Francisco. Whereas Yellow's characters only consider vandalism and theft as a last resort, Sunset's protagonists practice it as a matter of rote entertainment. Despite some of their unredeeming qualities the lead characters remain likable, due in large part to the convincing, unpretentious manner in which Nakamura and Idemoto present them. Idemoto confessed that the film's extensive use of long, single takes was in part economic, as the negative cutter charged five dollars for every edit. But the directors effectively use these languid takes to emulate the aimless redundancy of adolescent existence, redeemed only by close friendships and simple experiences. Rea Tajiri's Strawberry Fields (1997) is perhaps the most ambitious of the four films, examining complex issues of loss, memory, family anomie and alienation, themes that Tajiri previously explored in her experimental documentary History and Memory: For Akiko arid Takashige (1991). …


The late Palaeozoic was an important period of tectonic evolution for the northern margin of the North China Craton (NCC). The source(s) and tectonic setting of early Permian granitoid rocks emplaced along the northern margin of the NCC are still unclear. These granitoids formed between ~295.4–276.1 Ma (uncertainties ranging from ±1.5 to ±7.8 Ma) according to zircon laser ablation inductively coupled mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) and sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) U-Pb data. The Dadongou (DDG) pluton is an A1-type granite and the Dananfangzi (DNFZ) pluton is an A2-type granite. The Erdaowa (EDW), Lisicun (LSC), Wuhai (WH) and Gehuasitai (GHST) plutons are I-type granites. The Yuanbaoshan (YBS) dykes are diorite and syenodiorite. All the granitoids are enriched in large ion lithophile elements and light rare earth elements, depleted in high field strength elements and have negative εNd(t) and εHf(t) values. The A1-type granite was formed by the melting of the mafic crust. The A2-type granite was derived from partial melting of tonalite gneiss from the NCC crust and mantle materials. The EDW, LSC, WH and GHST granites mainly originated from partially melted granulite, with some mantle input. The YBS dykes are formed by the magma mixing of hot mantle melt and the relatively cold crustal magma. The northern margin of the NCC experienced anorogenic and collision tectonic stages, and the structural setting started to transform to post-collision at the later period of early Permian.


This study aimed to examine the effect of customer satisfaction on revisit intention hotel in Yogyakarta, either directly or through the mediation of brand trust. Respondents in this study is that stayed in one-star hotels in Yogyakarta. To test the hypothesis quantitatively, the data obtained through a survey of 106 respondents. Sampling method nonprobability sampling with purposive sampling method. Validity testing performed by Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) while reliability testing performed by the item to total correlation and Cronbach's alpha. Meanwhile, to test the effect among variables used hierarchical regression analysis and analysis of mediation Baron and Kenny (1986).

Results from this study is that customer satisfaction significant effect on brand trust, brand trust a significant effect on revisit intention. This study also proved that customer satisfaction significant influence on purchase intention of re-either directly or indirectly, that is mediated confidence in the brand. The role of mediation is partially.

Keywords: consumer satisfaction, brand trust, repurchase/revisit intention, mediation.


ABSTRACT As an important research topic, real-time crash likelihood prediction has been studied for many years. However, few research focuses on the missing data imputation in real-time crash likelihood prediction, although missing values are commonly observed due to breakdown of sensors or external interference. Besides, classifying imbalanced data is also a critical issue in real-time crash likelihood prediction, since the number of crash-prone cases is much smaller than that of non-crash cases. In this paper, three principal component analysis (PCA) based approaches are established for imputing missing values, while two kinds of solutions are developed to tackle the issue of imbalanced data. The results show that the proposed methods can help the classifiers achieve better predictive performance under situations with missing data. The two solutions, i.e. cost-sensitive learning, and synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE), can help improve the sensitivity by adjusting the classifiers to pay more attention to the minority class.


We develop a theory to explain why new outside CEOs can better manage their relationship with the board if they previously served on boards that were more diverse than the focal board. We predict that a new outside CEO's prior experience with more diverse boards can not only reduce post-succession CEO turnover and director turnover, but also improve firm performance. Results from an analysis of 188 outside CEOs in a sample of Fortune 500 companies provide support for our theory. This study contributes to upper echelon theory and research by identifying outside CEOs' prior experience with board diversity as an important aspect of their background that influences a range of major organizational outcomes, including CEO turnover, director turnover, and firm performance.


The objective of this thesis is twofold. First, by employing the norm 'life' and 'death' cycles grounded in constructivist scholarship, the research aims at determining to what extent the domestic norm against assassination in the United States has been weakened in the light of the 9/11 terrorist attacks and the advent of new technologies, namely Predator drones. To that end, the study conceptualizes the norm and provides a historical look of targeted killings as a foreign policy tool. It traces and evaluates normative assumptions about assassination as a tool of state policy from the 1970s to the end phases of Barack Obama presidency, concluding that there has been substantial erosion to this normative prohibition. Secondly, the presented thesis also attempts to make a more theoretical contribution by observing mechanisms by which the normative change transpired, demonstrating that in the case of targeted drone strikes, the government relied on quasi-secrecy in order to avoid overt justification. The study concludes that there is a strong link between government initiated quasi-secrecy – a tool that was applied deliberately and strategically, and successful legitimization of a practice that otherwise might have appeared highly controversial.


This study investigates the mediating effect of normative moral beliefs about cyberbullying behavior and self-efficacy beliefs to solve cyberbullying incidents in the relationship between adolescents' personal moral beliefs and the use of the content from verbal aggressions they witnessed in situations of cyberbullying. A total of 1607 students responded to an open-ended question regarding the content of verbal aggression they observed in cyberbullying situations, as well as questionnaires concerning personal and normative moral beliefs about cyberbullying behavior and self-efficacy beliefs to solve cyberbullying situations. Through content analysis, findings revealed nine distinct categories of content, which are in line with verbal aggression in cyberbullying behavior. Normative moral beliefs and self-efficacy beliefs mediated the relationship between adolescents' personal moral beliefs and using the content from verbal aggressions to communicate online. These results offer insights to develop authentic and interactive intervention programs that teach adolescents to communicate assertively, as a step toward preventing cyberbullying.


In this study, I discuss the benefits of Black feminist caring (BFC) in educational leadership. I suggest that the ethic of care in educational leadership is a manifestation of strength when serving disadvantaged student populations. This article is based on a qualitative, exploratory, multicase study that examines the ethic of care in the leadership of five African-American women serving in various capacities of educational leadership. This study employs a BFC framework because the women in this study were selected because of their reputation for caring and addresses the following guiding question: how do the African-American women educational leaders in this study operationalize caring? Findings in this study indicate that caring African-American women educational leaders display the characteristics of BFC. Their experience of marginalization stirs empathy and encourages them toward an activist leadership style. As such, they are compelled to act as other mothers and activist risk-takers in their roles as educational leaders.


Cathodic one-electron reduction of Mn(III)TPP and O 2 in an aprotic solvent yields Mn(II)TPP and the superoxide anion radical O 2 - . The Mn(II)TPP and O 2 - react in solution to the side-on peroxo complex Mn(III)TPP-O 2 2- , which is oxidized at the electrode at a peak potential of E pa = 0.40 V vs NHE ( k ≈ 10 4 dm 3 mol -1 s -1 ). The rate-determining step of the overall two-electron oxidation is the transfer of the first electron coupled with a structure rearrangement of the peroxo complex to a superoxo complex.


The subject of the proposed paper is the disclosure of prerequisites and determinants of the implementation of the soteriological concept of studying the interdisciplinary course of bioethics, the structural model and synectic algorithm of its comprehension and epistemological map of formation of soteriological competence of the future specialist during the study of bioethics. The methodological basis for the implementation of the proposed project is the theory of research-oriented professional education (Inquiry Based Science Education) and, thereafter, technology of advanced learning (Technology Enhanced Learning), which provide wide opportunities to study the course of bioethics in the form of observation of remote virtual experiments on the portal Go-Lab; GRAASP environment for the implementation of author's developments and pedagogically structured programs in the process of performative interaction between teacher and students. The scientific novelty of the material is to substantiate the content of anthropological competencies of future specialists in biomedical specialties and the strategies of obtaining them on the basis of the principles of hermeneutic didactics. Conclusions. Today, obviously, the task of bioethics is not only to protect nature and human life, but also to participate in the realization of the high mission of Salvation. This defines the research field of bioethics as a space of secret dialogue, in which it is desirable to find a place not only for the voice of clinicians, pharmacists, engineers, philosophers, public figures, but also the pastoral voice of the Church.


Mothers' perspectives of children's peer-related social development were obtained from matched groups of young children with developmental delays, communicative disorders, and typically developing children. Structured interviews elicited information on numerous issues including mothers' views of the importance of children's social skills development, rationales with respect to why children succeed or had difficulties on specific social tasks, and the socialization strategies mothers employ to promote children's peer-related social development. Mothers also reported on their efforts to arrange play with peers for their child and the degree to which they monitored that play. Results indicated that mothers rated children's social development as highly important, offered primarily internal rationales (e.g., traits, dispositions) for success or difficulties in achieving social tasks, and endorsed moderate and low power socialization strategies. Differences across the three groups were minimal. Mothers arranged play with peers least often for children with developmental delays and communication disorders, but monitored play more extensively for children with delays. These finding were discussed in terms of mothers adopting a developmental orientation to understand children's social development and their implications for maternal participation in peer competence intervention programs.


A good grounding system is the fundamental insurance to keep the safe operation of power systems. The grounding resistance reduction additive-fly ash is proposed in this study. Fly ash is the byproduct of coal-fired power plants. A pulverized coal boiler generates approximately 80% fly ash and only 20% bottom ash. Furthermore, the study of these materials will assume greater importance. Waste utilization is an attractive alternative to disposal in that disposal cost and potential pollution problems are reduced. Extensively used as an additive in Portland cement or as a mineral admixture in concrete in recent years, we have found that fly ash has a low resistivity, and so can be used as an agent for reducing resistance to grounding. Also, an effort is made to investigate the effect of water-to-cement(W/C) and temperature on the resistivity of the test specimens. The grounding resistance reduction agent was determined by considering various proportions of water, cement and salt. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach can effectively reduce the grounding resistance.


The widespread adoption of wireless local area networks (WLAN) and the emerging wireless personal area networks (WPAN) has required a deeper understanding of the indoor propagation channel. As a consequence, ray analysis techniques based on geometrical optics have emerged as the tools of choice for modeling indoor and outdoor environments. In realistic scenarios, antennas will be installed within proximity to wall structures or embedded in complex environments such as vehicle interiors for telematics applications. Hence. we no longer have free space antenna patterns but composite antenna patterns. We consider here the application of the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) technique for obtaining 3D antenna patterns in complex structures with different material properties. Simulation results are submitted and discussed.


The benthic communities in the Oh-kawa river with non-point pollution source were investigated in April and June, 1992, in order to evaluate aquatic environmental conditions. The water quality of the Oh-kawa river was characterized by the low BOD concentration and high concentrations of nutrients such as nitrate nitrogen and phosphorus.The total recognized species of benthic animals were 56 and 71 in April and June respectively. The dominant species was Hydropsyche ulmeri in the upper reaches of the Oh-kawa river and Antocha sp. in the lower reaches.The diversity index on the basis of dry weight was more significant than that on the basis of individual number in examining the structural change of the benthic animal community. The similarity index could be used to judge not only the change of environmental conditions at each sampling station but the stability of the benthic animal community. The pollution index was nearly correlated with water quality parameters such as BOD and so on, but would become the index for the decision of the water quality rank.Percentages of number and standing crops for Antocha sp. were expressed by the function of NO3-N or PO4-P concentration respectively.


When the ECT anaesthetic methohexitone was unexpectedly withdrawn earlier this year we switched to the alternative agent propofol, and very quickly found the expected trends emerging - on average patients have shorter fits, fewer have 'adequate' fits (according to either the motor fit or the


Electrochemical precipitation has obtained great attentions for water softening in recent years. In order to avoid cathode deactivation, periodical scale detachment is essential. In general, the scale adhered to the cathode is detached by mechanical scraping. Although mechanical scraping is easy operated, elastic scraper must be installed between electrodes, leading to the low softening efficiency and high energy consumption. To overcome such a problem, a new current pulsated electrochemical precipitation process was proposed in this paper. Scale detachment was accomplished by increasing the current density significantly. Experimental results showed that the both high softening and detachment performance were achieved. The precipitation rate was as high as 40.47 g/h/m2. The energy consumption and the total hardness removal efficiency were 8.9–13.2 kWh/kg CaCO3 and 17.8–22.8%, respectively. Repetitive experimental results indicated the current pulsated electrochemical precipitation process could run steadi...


This paper presents a fully integrated 77 GHz transceiver for long range automotive radar with a 2 × 8 time-division-multiplexing multi-input multi-output (TDM-MIMO) technique in 40 nm CMOS technology. The MMIC integrates an 8-channel receiver (RX), a 3-channel transmitter (TX), a phase locked loop (PLL), a TX power detector and a power calibration loop, an SRAM, an eFuse, a temperature compensation calibration loop with look up table (LUT) and a temperature sensor, a serial peripheral interface (SPI), and a MIMO control logic. The RX shows noise figure (NF) of 8.7 dB and input-referred 1 dB compression point (IP1dB) of −7.4 dBm. The RX with the worst condition shows NF of 14 dB and IP1dB of −10 dBm. The TX shows output power of 14.1 dBm and phase noise of −116 dBc/Hz at 12.5 MHz offset frequency. The radar module demonstrates the detection range of 250 m.


1. The (Wide) World Of Sports Events (Jean-Loup Chappelet & Milena M. Parent) Section 1: The Organizers 2. The Bidders' And Promoters' Perspective (Paul Emery) 3. The Organizing Committee's Perspective (Milena M. Parent) 4. The Volunteers' Perspective (Alain Ferrand & Berit Skirstad) Section 2: The Sport Organizations 5. The Sport Event Owners' Perspective (Donald Getz, Darlene Macdonald, & Milena M. Parent) 6. The Sport Federations' Perspective (Emmanuel Bayle) Section 3: The Participants 7. The Athletes' Perspective (Eric Macintosh & Suzanne Weckend Dill) 8. Masters Sport Perspectives (Bradley W. Young, Angela Bennett & Benoit Seguin) 9. The Spectators' Perspective (Guillaume Bodet) Section 4: The Support 10. The Sport Parents' And Entourage's Perspective (Elsa Kristiansen, Glyn C. Roberts & Pierre-Nicolas Lemyre) 11. The Mission Staff Perspective (David Legg) Section 5: The Community 12. The Community's Perspective (Inge Derom, Robert Vanwynsberghe, & Lynn Minnaert) 13. The Tourism Agencies And Local Business Actors' Perspective (Laurence Chalip) Section 6: The Funders 14. The Local And Regional Governments' Perspective (K. Meaghan Carey, Laura Misener & Daniel S. Mason) 15. The National Government's Perspective (Barrie Houlihan, Tien-Chin Tan & Jaewoo Park) 16. The Sponsors' Perspective (Benoit Seguin & Guillaume Bodet) Section 7: The Media 17. The Broadcasters' Perspective (Michael Silk & Haydn Morgan) 18. The Written Press And Social/New Media Perspectives (Raymond Boyle) Section 8: Other Stakeholders 19. The Security Agencies' Perspective (Tracy Taylor & Kristine Toohey) 20. The Non-Governmental Agency Perspective (Lyndsay M.C. Hayhurst, Rob Millington & Simon C. Darnell) Section 9: Conclusions 21. Conclusions And Future Directions For Sport Event Management Scholarship (Milena M. Parent & Jean-Loup Chappelet)


On-line temperature measurement of rotors of electric machines and other high voltage electric equipments is great value for safety operation, but the existing of high voltage, strong electric-magnetic field and small installation space make it difficult to achieve this measurement, especially in the case of rotary or motional status. In this paper, a method for this kind of measurement by calculating the decay time of the fluorescence is presented. It uses a phorsphor powder material, which is sticked on the surface of the rotor (or other tested surfaces) by mixing some resin and activated by a ultra-violet light pulse, which is delivered onto the surface through an optical fiber. As the pulse is over, the fluorescence emitted from the powder is collected by another fiber and sent back to a sensor with it' s associated circuit.


This study was based on the strategic viewpoint of global logistics management and the case study of Fiege Goth Logistics Services Ltd. to investigate how Taiwan can speed up the development of becoming the Global Logistics Center and strive for the market space in the international arena, after its accession into the World Trade Organization (WTO). For that purpose, I used the method of literature review to divide my research into four parts. In the first place, I made a systematic analysis on the global industry with emphasis on the status of bicycle and global sea freight development in comparison with that of Taiwan for understanding the background of global logistic management. Next, I analyzed the trends of global supply network and the factors of global bicycle logistics management. Thirdly, I conducted a case research study with stress on the history of Fiege Goth Logistics Services and its current strategy in logistics management. Finally, I researched the strategy for logistics management of Taiwan in sea freight after its entry into the WTO for the reference of government in developing Taiwan as the global logistics management center.


Motivated by the increasing importance of hyperspectral remote sensing data and encouraged to improve the use of physical-mathematical models that a necessity multispectral image, this text wants to perform a abstract of correspondence between hyperspectral and multispectral information to improve of zonation environmental and plant species. In order, the use hyperspectral remote sensing has been promising in to characterize chemical and physical properties of vegetation. When combined with multispectral remote sensing may promote progress in monitoring the physical and chemical properties of spatial and temporal scale.


In this paper, a charging station (CS) is proposed that uses a solar photovoltaic (PV) array, a battery energy storage system (BES), the grid and a diesel generator (DG) set to provide uninterruptible charging of electric vehicles (EVs). However, these energy sources are utilized in a way that minimizes the operational cost of the CS. Therefore, it reduces the charging cost of the electric vehicles (EVs). To achieve uninterruptible charging and to minimize the charging cost, a charging strategy is proposed that prioritizes the use of energy sources. Based on this, the solar PV and BES energy are used as a priority. After that, the grid is used, and finally, a DG set is used when all energy sources are not accessible. This strategy is based on the cost of electricity per kWh. Normally, the rooftop solar PV array offers power at INR 4.5-5/kWh. The grid offers power at INR 10/kWh, and DG set offers at INR 17-20/kWh. To further minimize the charging cost, the single phase two winding self-excited induction generator (SEIG) based DG set is operated at the single point of saturation characteristic to generate much high power than its rated power. Moreover, a single two-leg voltage source converter (VSC) does multiple tasks such as, 1) generation of sinusoidal voltage in standalone mode, 2) regulation of generator voltage and frequency, 3) management of power flow, 4) reactive power compensation and harmonics current elimination and it also reduces the initial cost of the CS. To obtain ceaseless charging while connecting the grid/DG set to the CS, the point of common coupling (PCC) voltage is synchronized with the grid/DG set voltage. The CS provides both AC and DC output ports for charging the EVs. To charge the EVs on AC port, the CS uses solar PV array and BES energy to generate a sinusoidal voltage of 220V and 50Hz. Moreover, with both grid and DG, the CS draws power at unity power factor (PF) with current total harmonics distortion (THD) less than 5% as required by an IEEE 519 standard.


The aim of this research was to present in vitro and ex vivo biological activities for three different Matcha teas and a juice based on Matcha tea, lingonberry and bacterial probiotic strain (as a control) and one commercial green tea. The results demonstrated a strong correlation between major bioactive compounds and three biological activities. Antioxidant potential was correlated with epicatechin levels and with a significant amount of caffeine. The level of these compounds was influenced by tea samples. Matcha tea (M1) was presented in the finest particles size and corresponded with obtaining the highest value of antioxidant potential. Chromatographic (qualitative) analysis has demonstrated a characteristic distribution, and epicatechin and rutin have been identified as major bioactive compounds. Correlation of the anti-inflammatory potential with the antibiofilm-inducing inhibition is a significant feature in the biological synthesis of new innovative products (eg, nanobiosystems) with antibiofilm effects.


Deepak Kumar Diwakar1, Rajeev Kansal2 1 Student M.E. (CTM), 2 Professor Civil Engineering Department, Madhav Institute of Technology & Science, Gwalior, M.P. Abstract: Sand Stone Chips is a waste material found from stone crusher industries. It has properties for use as partial substitute of Coarse Aggregates in concrete. Use of stone chips in concrete no longer only improves the quality of concrete however also preserve the coarse aggregates for future. In the experimental investigation, an experimental program changed into achieved to optimize the workability and compressive strength of concrete produce using stone chips as partial substitute of Coarse mixture. Stone industry generates both strong waste and stone slurry. The concrete enterprise is continuously looking for supplementary material with the objective of decreasing the strong waste disposal issue. In this investigation Sand stone chips is replaced with C.A., The investigation performed for M20 grade concrete with replacement of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% stone chips by coarse aggregates to determine the most reliable percentage of substitution for maximum compressive strength.


Bennett v. Bennett' was a diversity action brought in the federal court for the District of Columbia to enforce a custody determination of a District of Columbia court. It involved two different causes of action based on the plaintiff father's asserted right to custody of abducted children who had been taken to Ohio by their mother. The first was a tort action for money damages for harboring a child contrary to the right of the lawful custodian and the second was for an injunction directing and enjoining the defendant from interfering with the custody rights of the plaintiff. The Court of Appeals considered the domestic relations exception to federal diversity jurisdiction and concluded that it would not preclude the tort cause of action, but would preclude federal jurisdiction to entertain the injunction request. 2 Judge Edwards dissented3 from the decision of his two colleagues on the Fourth Circuit, arguing that enforcement of a child custody decree by injunction was different from and did not allow for modification of the decree. Therefore, he asserted, the federal court should entertain a diversity action for enforcing by injunction a state custody decree. This Article offers an analysis in support of Judge Edwards' conclusion. Interstate abduction of a child from the rightful custody of one parent, either by or on behalf of the other parent, has been widely recognized as a major social and legal problem.4 More significant than the deliberate flaunting of the law is the now


For believing that the scholarly education exerts an important paper in the person's life and that ones that fail in the school are precociously dispossess of the basic right to learn, this dissertation proposed it to analyze the school failure and its possible overcoming through the Theory of Multiple Intelligences. The present research characterized as a study predominantly descriptive and exploratory searched through the case study to know the view of the repeating students, as well as, the teacher's attitudes and positions in front of the school failure. The main intention of the datum collection was to try to trace a perspective of the education on the theory of the multiple intelligences being acted mainly on the teacher's unilateral position. To show ways to overcome the school failure, through the use of the theoretical approach of the multiple intelligences, finished for becoming one of the main constitutions of this study.


This article gives a review of the effect EN206 en BS8500 will have on the design and specification of concrete to meet specific durability requirements.


In high thrust LOX/GH2 rocket engine tests, noise reduction issues have become more serious. In this paper, the difficulties and influencing factors in the noise control were summarized. Noise control methods in the ground tests and altitude tests of the high thrust LOX/GH2 rocket engines were introduced respectively. After the water injection noise


The micro-structure of intermetallic compound Fe2B and its cross-section morphology and chemical composition after corrosion in liquid zinc were investigated with scanning electron microscopy(SEM),electron microprobe analyzer and X-ray diffraction.The valence electron structure of Fe2B was studied based on empirical electron theory(EET),and the mechanism of diffusion and reaction in the corrosion process was analyzed.Results show that the corrosion process of Fe2B alloy in liquid zinc is mainly composed by diffusion and reaction.Firstly the liquid zinc atoms diffused onto the surface of Fe2B and then entered solid matrix of Fe2B along the grain boundary with higher energy.With limited dissolution of Zn atoms in Fe2B lattice,which led to lattice distortion of Fe2B,and the effect of heat stress,many cracks appeared on the solid matrix of Fe2B and liquid zinc flowed into the matrix along the cracks.When solid dissolution of Zn atoms in Fe2B lattice was saturated,lattice distortion reached the limit and all bonds were broken around Fe atoms,which were then "free".After reaction of "free" Fe atoms with the sur-rounding Zn atoms,Fe-Zn compounds were produced,which then dropped from Fe2B matrix and moved into liquid zinc.The greater the energy needed for Fe atoms to become "free" atoms,the better the corrosion resistance performance of alloys.


The sharp increase in quantity of Vietnamese catfish in the U.S. market took attention of the U.S. catfish industry, therefore, Catfish Farmers of America (hereafter CFA) acted to protect their market as well as interests. Firstly, the CFA conducted an advertisement campaign against Vietnamese catfish on environmental and sanitary ground [1]. The CFA moved into the second campaign was so-called "catfish trade name". The CFA alleged that Tra and Basa fish (Vietnamese catfish) were not "catfish", thus, these fish could not be sold with the labelling as "catfish" [2], and the term "catfish" should solely be permitted to use for fish of the family Ictaluridae which is mainly raised in the Southern States of the U.S [3]. This paper's aim is to illustrate whether or not regulation on employing the term "catfish" of the United States is consistent with the Technical Barriers to Trade Agreement.


. This article examines the effects of different definitions of the working class on the measurement of class voting and left voting in Denmark, Norway and Sweden. First, the similarities and differences in how the working class has been operationalized in the three countries are summarized. To determine the effects of different operationalizations, Swedish election survey data are recoded to conform more closely to the classification procedures used in Danish and Norwegian studies. The analysis shows that if a similar operationalization is used, the level of left voting in both the Swedish working and middle classes increases and the Alford index of class voting declines. Class voting and left voting in the younger and older generations and among women and men are also discussed. Dissimilar patterns of class voting and left voting among women in the three countries are largely a product of different classification schemes. The concluding discussion points to a number of problems in using the Alford index as a summary statistic in cross-national comparisons.


Currently, in the Portuguese Army, when a military subunit wants to communicate with radio networks it must be physically located next to the radios that are receiving/transmitting the communications. In this dissertation, the military difficulties related to communications are addressed. The P/PRC 525 is the tactical radio used in these communications. A solution was then proposed that facilitates access to communications and relevant information, thus allowing decentralization of human resources and a lower requirement of material means. It is then a motivation to allow several users the flexibility factor, enabling them to communicate tactically over great distances, as well as making communications configurations at a great distance. As the interoperability is one of the factors that had more importance in the development of this dissertation, it was concluded that the best technology to be used is voice over IP (VoIP). This technology was used WebRTC that allows the communication in real time through browsers. A system was developed that offers the military a tool for controlling communications. This system consists of two servers, a signaling server that allows the establishment of communications and a server that contains the remaining part of the system. The server performs exchange of information with military radios, namely the P/PRC 525, as well as the management of web pages. The proposed solution allows to make communications with relatively low delays in relation to the normal communication, radio-radio, reason why the developed system presents viability to be used in the Army. Index Terms Portuguese Army; Communications; Decentralization; Interoperability; Radio


This paper addresses the problem how to represent diverse field usage of professional systems in an efficient way, so that field usage can be incorporated in reliability tests. With diverse we mean the variability in system use in the field. Operational profiles are constructed from system field data to represent system field use. A clustering technique is introduced and applied in a strategic way to reduce the diversity in describing diverse system use in the field. In this way testing effort could be reduced by a factor 87 while maintaining 70% similarity with the original system field data.


hiardly perceptible. He continued to bring up the thick black fluid till half-past nine, and died thirty-two hours after admission, and about fifty-one hours after the accident. On post mortem examination, the heart was found lying in the position above indicated: it retained its natural direction. 'The pericardium was much injected, and its layers were slightly adherent by recent lymph. The right lung was a little pressed upon by the heart; it was everywhere crepitant, but excessively engorged. There was a little fluid in the pleura. The left pleura contained at least six pints of black and rather thick fluid, in which pieces of food were floating. The lung was lying at the upper and back part of the thorax: it was quite carnified and free from air, except just along the ,margin. At the lower part of the chest, protruding through an opening in the diaphragm, was found the whole of the stomach, with the great omentum, the larger portion (from ten to twelve inches) of the transverse colon, and the spleen. The stomach was collapsed, nearly empty, and lying with its greater -curvature turned upwards; the esophagus forming a very ab. xupt curve, with its convexity downwards. At the posterior surface, near the cardiac extremity, the coats of the stomach were much thinned, and had given way at one point, forming an opening about the size of a half-crown. On opening the stomach, it was found to contain some dark semifluid material, similar to that in the cavity of the pleura, which was partially digested blood; this would seem to have escaped from a large vessel which could be traced to the ulceration, and seemed to have been opened by it. The opening in the diaphragm was in the left portion of the tendon, near its posterior part; it was large enough readily to admit the hand; its margins were rounded and thickened; and the serous covering of the fissure seemed continuous with the pleura on the one side, and the peritoneum on the other: it was quite perfect, except at the left border, which appeared to have been lately torn to the extent ,of an inch. This opening in the diaphragm commenced about an inch to the left of the cosophageal opening. The peritoneum was everywhere exceedingly pale, and contained a fluid precisely the same as that in the pleura, to the amount of two or three pints. There were old adhesions at the upper part, from old peritonitis. RE£MARKS. The interest of this case has induced us to publish, by Mr. Lawrence's permission, a slightly abridged edition of his notes, although they have recently appeared in another journal. The peculiarity of the case, and one which distinguishes it from any other of the kind which we can remember, consists in the very clear history of a previous accident, joined with the post mortem appearances of an old rupture of the diaphragm, which had been extended by a more reeent laceration. It may be used, therefore, to show how little disturbance to the vital functions may ensue upon this injury when uncomplicated; and such cases may be fitly associated with those others (such as the one published at p. 285) in which no injury has been known to have been sustained, but where a large portion of the abdominal viscera have been found to have passed through the diaphragm, and to be lying in the thorax. These " congenital" cases (as they are called, though it is questionable whether some of them, at any rate, have not been the result of accident) are known to be accompanied by no symptom whatever, either of dyspncea from the incompleteness of the diaphragm, or of dysphagia from the altered position of the stomach; and there seems little reason to doubt that in this patient, between the first and second accident, the case was of a similar nature.


This essay is primarily designed to make an humble contri-bution to a theoretical debate concerning the conventional patterns of modern Turkish foreign policy in general, Turkey's Middle Eastern politics in particular and the role of leadership in decision making process vvithin the context of the Second Gulf Crisis and Ozalist Diplomacy.


This study considers the scheduling problem of multistage hybrid flowshops with multiprocessor tasks, which is a core topic for numerous industrial applications. An effective and efficient heuristic, namely the heuristic of multistage hybrid flowshops (HMHF) is proposed to solve this problem. To verify the developed heuristic, computational experiments are conducted on a well-known benchmark problem set. The results are compared with 10 constructive heuristics and a tabu search (TS) based meta-heuristic from the relevant literature. These computational results show that the proposed HMHF heuristic is highly effective when compared to these algorithms for this problem on the same benchmark instances.


This paper is intended to convey the essence of Taguchi's design approach to chemists and others with an interest in chemometrics. Although most Taguchi‐style applications worldwide have been in electronics and in elaborately transformed manufactures, examples are increasingly found in chemical processes and in the food industry.


This article discusses recent Norwegian heritage policy and examines the three key terms of the most recent white paper – participation, sustainability and diversity – in light of the Norwegian government's key societal challenge of democratisation.


The paper studies a generic coordination problem in supply networks with some retailers and a single supplier agent. The parties posses private information—the retailers on uncertain demand forecasts, the supplier on production costs— and seek to maximise their own utilities. So as to design a coordination mechanism that warrants the satisfaction of all market demand at maximal social welfare, we model the problem as a noncooperative game. By relying on the conceptual apparatus of mechanism design theory, we provide an analytical explanation for the widely used vendor managed inventory (VMI) where the responsibility of planning and all the risks of overand underproduction are at the supplier. After proving that under reasonable assumptions a fair sharing of these risks is not possible, we present a family of coordination mechanisms that are efficient and can be implemented without an individually existing mechanism. Beyond new managerial insights—like modelling VMI as a service where payment should also depend on the accuracy of information communicated—a novel approach is provided to handling supply networks consisting of autonomous agents.


How soon will antiviral drugs be found that will match the impact of antibiotics over the past 40 years ? Herpes virus infections may not be the most clinically important virus diseases, but they look likely to be the first for which effective treatment is available. Herpesviruses contain DNA as their genome, and the earliest antiherpes drugs-idoxuridine, cytarabine, and vidarabine-are all DNA nucleoside analogues. They inhibit herpes by blocking DNA replication, but unfortunately they also affect the DNA metabolism of the host cell, so that side effects, sometimes severe, can be a problem when they are given systemically. They are not toxicwhen given topically, however, and local idoxuridine has proved a successful treatment for herpetic ulceration of the cornea and zoster lesions of the skin. Earlier this year a new antiherpes drug, acyclovir,' was marketed which has considerable advantages over its predecessors.2-4 Also a nucleoside which inhibits virus DNA synthesis, acyclovir has ingenious properties which give it selective toxicity-that is, the inhibition of virus replication without damage to the host cell. Firstly, in order to become active acyclovir must be phosphorylated-a process carried out by virus thymidine kinase but virtually not at all by host cell enzymes.' 3Acyclovir does not, therefore, act in uninfected cells. In addition, it inhibits virus DNA polymerase (the main enzyme responsible for virus DNA replication)more than cellular counterparts.' This mode of action implies that only viruses which code for an appropriate thymidine kinase should be sensitive to acyclovir; these include the human herpesviruses herpes simplex and varicella zoster.' 5 Cytomegalovirus is less susceptible,6 7-perhaps because it does not appear to code for a thymidine kinase.5 7 Clinical trials of acyclovir are now being reported and broadly confirm the early promise of the laboratory studies. Given topically, acyclovir both accelerates healing and prevents early recrudescences of infection in herpetic corneal ulcers8-though reports differ as to whether it is better than other antiviral drugs such as idoxuridine, now widely and successfully used in ophthalmic herpes.9-11 Acyclovir applied locally has, however, proved disappointing in treating herpes of the skin. There was no response in cold sores,'2 and, though in primary genital herpes it lessened symptoms and shortened the duration of virus shedding, the appearance of new lesions was not prevented and there was little effect on recurrent disease.'3-'5


As one of the criteria for determining whether or not a case is admissible, "the same person, (substantially) the same conduct" test was established...


Digestion trials were conducted with four ponies, two sheep and two New World camels (one llama and one guanaco) given alfalfa pellets and a complete pelleted hay-grain diet. The New World camels were significantly more efficient in the digestion of dry matter, neutral-detergent fibre, acid-detergent fibre and cellulose than the sheep or ponies.


OBJECTIVE
To test if fabricated gelatin conduits can be used to bridge nerve inter-stump gaps and support regeneration.

DESIGN
Experimental laboratory study.

SETTING
Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan.

SUBJECTS
Twenty-four adult mice.

INTERVENTION
Mouse's sciatic nerve was resected and both proximal and distal nerve stumps sutured into each end of a gelatin conduit, to bridge a 7-mm gap.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Nerve regeneration.

RESULTS
At one week post-implantation, a scaffolding fibrin matrix containing few mononuclear cells formed inside the conduit. At three weeks, a well regenerated nerve composed of myelinated and unmyelinated axons, associated Schwann cells and surrounding perineurial sheath bridged the gap.

CONCLUSION
Biodegradable gelatin conduits direct and support nerve regeneration and are therefore promising tools for use in entubulization repair of nerve defects.


The invention relates to a device for scaling and quantization of digital soft output values (s¶k¶) of an equalizer. The device comprises a control loop for controlling a statistical parameter (theta) of the scaled and quantized soft output values (s¶D, k¶) on which a calculation unit (4) for calculation of the statistical parameter (theta) and a control unit ( 5) for calculating a scaling factor (c) (for scaling the soft output values s¶k¶) of the equalizer based on the statistical parameter (theta) contains.


The rubber tree is a native species of Brazil, whose occurrence is characteristic of the Amazonian forest, but easily adaptable in most of the national territory. The main use of the rubber tree is the extraction of latex, whose cycle is economically viable for 25 years, and the wood, after cutting, is usually destined for energy use. In order to use it industrially, this study aims to select clones of H. brasiliensis, characterizing their mechanical properties of wood. The experiment was installed in 1982 at the Faculty of Engineering of Ilha Solteira / UNESP, located in Selvíria, MS. The experimental design was a randomized block, composed of five treatments (clones), with 5 replicates and linear plots of 10 plants, at a spacing of 8m x 2.5m. We sampled 25 trees, five of each clone, chosen within each block. When analyzing the mechanical properties, it is possible to observe a variation between the clones where the clone RRIM 600 is highlighted by the highest values, and the clones IAN 717 and GT1 with the lowest values. The results verified can subsidize the information for comparative effect with some species used commercially for structural purposes.


Bugs in distributed systems are often hard to find. Many bugs reflect discrepancies between a system's behavior and the programmer's assumptions about that behavior. We present Pip, an infrastructure for comparing actual behavior and expected behavior to expose structural errors and performance problems in distributed systems. Pip allows programmers to express, in a declarative language, expectations about the system's communications structure, timing, and resource consumption. Pip includes system instrumentation and annotation tools to log actual system behavior, and visualization and query tools for exploring expected and unexpected behavior. Pip allows a developer to quickly understand and debug both familiar and unfamiliar systems.

We applied Pip to several applications, including FAB, SplitStream, Bullet, and RanSub. We generated most of the instrumentation for all four applications automatically. We found the needed expectations easy to write, starting in each case with automatically generated expectations. Pip found unexpected behavior in each application, and helped to isolate the causes of poor performance and incorrect behavior.


Objective
To explore the application of risk nursing in the treatment of patients with colon cancer by laparoscopic surgery and its influence on the occurrence of inflammatory reaction.

Methods
Eighty patients with colon cancer treated at our hospital from January, 2017 to May, 2018 were enrolled, and were divided into a control group (n=40) and an observation group (n=40). The control group received routine nursing care, and the observation group used risk nursing intervention. One month later, the nursing efficacy, cardiac ultrasound indicators, the incidence of complications, the levels of neuroendocrine factors and cytokines, and the atria size were compared between the two groups.

Results
The levels of cytokines and neuroendocrine factors (BNP, ALd, Ang II, TNF-α, and IL-1) in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (all P 0.05). After 1 month's risk nursing, the incidences of incision infection, anastomotic bleeding, and incomplete intestinal obstruction in the observation group were lower than those in the control group but EB value (all P<0.05).

Conclusion
Risk nursing in laparoscopic surgery for colon cancer will speed up the patients' recovery, and the incidence of postoperative complications is low, and the patients' recovery is better. Risk care can reduce the incidence of risk and help patients, improve behavior, correct cognition, vent venting, so that the patients' pain is relieved and in a relatively good psychological state, and improve the treatment effect, so it is worth being generalized.

Key words:
Risk nursing; Abdominal surgery; Colon cancer; Inflammatory response; Complications


: The difference in the contribution of industrial structural upgrading to energy efficiency needs to be studied from the structural evolution direction as different directions have different influences on energy efficiency. We decomposed the structural evolution direction into two dimensions of industrial structure rationalization and industrial structure optimization , rebuilt the industrial structural upgrading evaluation index on the basis of factor productivity of labor and capital , and analyzed the effects of industrial structural upgrading on energy efficiency and its growth rate using regular , growth and elastic models. We found that the industrial structural evolution direction has a significant influence on energy efficiency and its growth rate ; the improvement in energy efficiency is mainly because of optimization of industrial structure , while a decrease in rationalization level inhibits improvements in energy efficiency and its growth rate. The expansion of the gap between the two directions of industrial structural rationalization and industrial structural optimization is likely to lead to further negative effects to energy efficiency and its growth rate. The rise in the proportion of clean energy in energy consumption structure has a positive effect on improving energy efficiency and its growth rate. Therefore , we believe that the future trend of industrial policy should be to change the status of irrational industrial structure , reduce its inhibitory effect on energy efficiency , and narrow the gap between industrial structural rationalization and optimization. The tendency of future energy policy should improve the proportion of clean energy consumption and substitute energy inputs from natural and other clean energy sources to promote energy efficiency and its growth.


The paper presents an implementation of an iterative method, based on the wave concept, for numerical modelling of radiating stratified periodic structures composed of metallic patches deposited on a dielectric layer. This method includes a two dimensional fast Fourier transformation (FFT-2D) in a periodic wave guide environment. The studied technique is applied to characterize a periodic FSS structure. A comparison of simulation results with the available literature allows the validation of the iterative approach.


In the article the author analyzes the specificity of the constitutional lawmaking mechanism in the United States in the context of the combination of various lawmaking forms, including those that typical for different legal traditions. The uniqueness of the American legal system is that it combines the features of both common and continental law and so it has integrate nature. The author interprets constitutional lawmaking as the activity of competent lawmaking authorities on creation a constitution as the act of a special kind. The mechanism of constitutional lawmaking covers a system of interrelated elements (the static aspect) and successive stages (the dynamic aspect), providing the establishment and objectification of the constitutional norms in the form of an appropriate constitutional act. Converging nature of the American constitutional lawmaking mechanism has two aspects. The first aspect is connected with the specifics of adoption of the US Constitution. Initially in the mechanism of constitutional lawmaking the instrumentation of a treaty lawmaking has been involved. However the result of it was not an international treaty in the traditional sense, but a normative legal act with the supreme legal force. The second aspect represents a further development of the constitutional provisions through Constitution amendments (which is typical for continental constitutional tradition) and through the judicial constitutional lawmaking which is peculiar for common law tradition. The judicial constitutional lawmaking is carried out through the constitutional doctrines of the U.S. Supreme Court by which the constitutional norms are adopted without formal changes to the varying social conditions. It is concluded that the mechanism of constitutional lawmaking in the United States according to the integration nature of the American legal system expresses the law convergence because it combines three forms of lawmaking technique (contractual, legislative and case-law) and so far provides the best legal result.


For many years, the need to increase food production, both globally and locally, has been directly related to agriculture intensification. The need to systematically increase the doses of both artificial fertilizers and chemical plant protection products increases the threat to the components of the natural environment. This condition is hazardous and has far-reaching consequences for pollinating insects, especially bees. Consequently, the number of these is decreasing, and their susceptibility to numerous diseases is increasing significantly. The research results indicate that they pollinate 80% of plants on our planet, especially such essential utility species as vegetables and fruits. To counteract and limit the harmful effects of chemical plant protection products on the life of these insects, in 2018, the European Union issued a ban on the use of the most potent pesticides, i.e., neonicotinoids, and glyphosate, the main ingredient of Roundup. One method of helping these insects are urban apiaries which can help in reducing their exposure to diseases and, consequently, their mortality. The practice of establishing beehives in the cities of Europe and other countries around the world has been observed for several decades now, and in Poland it has a tradition of several years. The number of such apiaries is increasing, as the urban landscape provides a rich and varied diet for bees.


reactive product derived from polymers containing thiol groups. This product is characterized in that a number of the thiol groups are converted to disulfide groups of the formula -S -A -Z wherein A represents a hydrocarbon residue containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms (preferably 1 to 6) and Z represents a group of formula: