lexi, L., (29 de Agosto del 2010). Blog Visite Korea. Recuperado el 12 de noviembre de 2012, http://alexiruiz.blogspot.com/2010/08/la-isla-de-dokdo.html Byong-Jae Ryu, Michael Riedel, Ji-Hoon Kim, Roy D. Hyndman, Young-Joo Lee, Bu-Heung Chung, Il-Soo Kim, Gas hydrates in the western deep-water Ulleung Basin, East Sea of Korea, Marine and Petroleum Geology, Volume 26, Issue 8, September 2009, Pages 1483-1498, ISSN 0264-8172, 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2009.02.004. Chough, S.K, and Lee, H.J. 1987, Stability of sediments on the Ulleung Basin slope, Mar. Geotech.7,123–132. Chough, S.K., Lee, H.J. and Han, S.J., 1991, Sedimentological and geotechnical properties of fine-grainedsediments in part of the South Sea, Korea Cont. Shelf Res. 11, 183–195. Colaboradores de Wikipedia. Rocas de Liancourt. Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre, 2010. Fecha de consulta: 12 de Noviembre de 2012. Disponible en:http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocas_de_Liancourt Dufour, J. Miod un lugar para la ciencia y la tecnologia. Hidratos de Metano como Fuente de Energia: Problematica y Perspectivas de Futuro. Publicado el 7 de Noviembre del 2006. Fuente en: http://www.madrimasd.org/blogs/energiasalternativas/2006/11/07/49960 E. D. Sloan, Clathrate hydrates of natural gas en (Marcel Dekker) (1998). El Mundo. La visita del presidente surcoreano a las islas de Dokdo enfada a Japon. Publicado el 10 de Agosto del 2012. Fuente en: http://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2012/08/10/internacional/1344595592.html Gardner, J.M., Shor, A.N., Jung, W.Y., 1998. Acoustic imagery evidence for methane hydrates in the Ulleung Basin. Mar. Geophys. Res. 20, 495–503. Gonzalez, E., 2002., Hidratos de Gas (segunda Parte). Revista Marina. http://www.revistamarina.cl/revistas/2002/3/gonzalez.pdf Horozal, S., Lee, G.H., Yoo, D.G., Park, K.-P., Lee, H.Y., Kim, H.J., 2008.Seismic indicators of gas hydrate and associated gas in the Ulleung Basin, East Sea (Japan Sea) and implications of heat flow derived from depths of the bottom simulating reflector. Marine Geology, 258, 126–138. Kim, G.Y., Yoo, D.G., Kim, W.S., Lee, H.Y., Park, K.P., 2008. Physical properties of gas hydrate-bearing sediments in the Ulleung Basin, the east sea of Korea: preliminary result from well-log data. In: 6th International Conference on Gas Hydrates (ICGH 2008), Vancouver 2008, p. 118 (also 4 pp. in CD). Lee, J.H., Baek, Y.S., Ryu, B.J., Riedel, M., Hyndman, R.D., 2005.A seismic survey to detect natural gashydrate in the East Sea of Korea. Mar. Geophys. Res. 26, 51–59. Mark, S.Lovmo., 2002.Research on Dokdo Islands. Fuente de: http://dokdo-research.com/page9.html;http://dokdo-research.com/page27.html; http://dokdo-research.com/temp3.html#interview; http:// dokdo-research.com/page2.html; http://dokdo-research.com/page14.html; http://dokdo-research.com/page30.html; http://dokdo-research.com/page28.html Max, M.D., Pellanbarg, R.E., Hurdle, B.G., 1997. Methane hydrates, a special clathrate: its attributes andpotential. U.S. NRL Rept. NRL/MR/6101-97-7926, NRL, Washington, 74 pp. NETL, 2007.Early results from Korean gas hydrate research effort are encouraging. In: Fire in the Ice, NETL Methane Hydrate Newsletter, Fall 2007. Available online at: http://netl.doe.gov/scngo/Natural%Gas/hydrates/, p. 12. Park, C.H. 2007. Hydrography of the East Sea. In: Lee, K.-S., Kim, W.-S. (Eds.), Ocean Atlas of Korea – East Sea. National Oceanographic Research Institute, Incheon,pp. 66–75. Park, K.P., 2008. Gas hydrate exploration activities in Korea. In: 6th International Conference on Gas Hydrates (ICGH 2008), Vancouver2008, p. 62 (also 7 pp. in CD). Park, K.-P., Bahk, J.-J., Kwon, Y., Kim, G.Y., Riedel, M., Holland, M., Schultheiss, P., Rose, K., the UBGH-1 scientific party, 2008. Korean national program expedition confirms rich gas hydrate deposit in the Ulleung Basin, East Sea. In: Fire in the Ice, NETL Methane Hydrate Newsletter, Spring 2008. Available online at: http://netl.doe.gov/scngo/Natural%Gas/hydrates/, pp. 6–9. Precision Combustion Inc. (2012). Products. Recuperado el 26 de 10 de 2012, de Sitio Web de PCI: http://www.precision-combustion.com/products.html Peters, K.E., 1986. Guideline for evaluating petroleum source rock using programmed pyrolysis. AAPG Bull. 70, 318–329. Pollack, H.N., Hunter, S.J., Johnson, J.R., 1993. Heat flow from the Earth's interior: analysis of the global data set. Rev. Geophys. 31, 267–280. Redaccion El Tiempo. Corea del Sur tambien tiene conflicto con Japon por las islas Dokdo. Publicado el 14 de Septiembre de 2012. Fuente en: http://www.eltiempo.com/mundo/asia/ARTICULO-WEB-NEW_NOTA_INTERIOR-12223025.html Richardson, M., 2010., Alternative Energy Resources: Methane Hydrates in from the cold. Straits Time. http://www.iseas.edu.sg/viewpoint/mr12apr10.pdf Sloan, E.D., 1998. Clathrate Hydrates of Natural Gases, second ed. Marcel Dekker, New York. 705pp. Tamaki, K., Suyehiro, K., Allan, J., Ingle Jr., J.C., Pisciotto, K.A., 1992. Tectonic synthesis and implications of Japan Sea ODP drilling. In: Tamaki, K., Suyehiro, K., Allen, J., McWilliams, M. (Eds.), Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, vol. 127/128. Ocean Drilling Program, College Station, TX, pp. 1333–1348 (Pt. 2). Yamano,M., Shevaldin, Yu.V., Zimin, P.S., Baladashin, V.I.,1996. Heat flowin Japan Sea.In:Isezaki, N., Bersenv, I.I., Tamaki, K., Karp, B. Ya., Lelikov, E.P. (Eds.), Geology and Geophysics of the Japan Sea.Terra Sci. Publ., Japan–USSR Monogr.Ser, vol.1,pp. 61–74. Yoon, S.H. and Chough, S.K., 1995, Regional strike slip in the Eastern continental margin of Korea and its tectonic implications for the evolution of Ulleung Basin, East Sea (Sea of Japan), Geol.Soc. Am. Bull. 107(1), 83–97.


Open-ended childhood investigations of old-fashioned handheld kaleidoscopes have offered generations of children the unique sense of wonder and beauty that comes with explorations of kaleidoscopic symmetry. Similarly, contemporary digital App Stores include numerous screen-based kaleidoscope apps that empower children to play with symmetrical patterns on their family smartphones or classroom tablets. However, when making Osmo Kaleidoscope, we sought to combine opportunities from both of these types of kaleidoscopes, as we aimed to create an innovative Kaleidoscope that leverages a tangible user interface so children could employ enriching tangible/sensory investigations within their digital experiences. The two children shown below demonstrate both of these elements in their investigation of the design tool called Osmo Kaleidoscope. One child holds a nubby pinecone after carefully arranging fall leaves into view, while the other player moves a digital slider bar to select the specific level of complexity she desires for this particular design. A leaf-shaped stencil was selected from a menu of thematic shapes relevant to elementary students. The collaboration between these children is a product of a design process that included inventive students, teachers, and professionals. Here we aim to offer an IDC'23 demo and a description of our Osmo Kaleidoscope project in support of childhood co-design opportunities in project-based learning at school.


The method of automatically building 3-D molecular structure ofmacrorings is proposed in the paper.The method can build the 3-D models ofmacrorings full automatically with the support of a knowledge base.The restrictionsof templet methods of building rings have been overcome.The results can meet theneeds of computer-aided molecular design.The distance geometry and its error func-tions in the method have been discussed in detail.


In this paper, a 920-MHz ultra-high frequency (UHF) radio frequency identification (RFID) tag antenna sensor using a stepped impedance resonator (SIR) with defected microstrip structure (DMS) can be used on a metallic object is proposed. This design comprises two U-shaped feeder structures symmetrically connected to the center patch with an IC chip soldered between the two U-shaped structures. A trial reports that this tag antenna provides 6.4 dBi for a good read range of axle counting system of train control and safety. By adding 3D hollow substrate as the ground, it is anticipated that filled liquid can vary the antenna gain realizing the sensing of different orientations.


The present paper offers an analysis of a number of New
Testament parables, which are discussed from the point of view
of the Firbasian theory of functional sentence perspective
(FSP). It looks at different aspects of the discourse,
especially in regard to the ideology and aesthetics employed
within verbal realisation of the texts. Research has shown
(Firbas 1995, Svoboda 2006, Hurtova 2009; cf. Adam 2006) that
the writer's communicative purpose is typically related to the
aesthetic function carried by the text, and determines the
writer's communicative strategies. The dynamic nature of
dynamic semantic functions ascribed to individual sentence
constituents allows the writer to implement specific
communicative purposes – according to the relative degree of
communicative dynamism of individual elements of the sentence.
Thus, the way the sentence is perspectived (implementing
Presentation or Quality Scale respectively) seems to determine
the communicative purpose of the speaker.


This paper describes the coupling between a Particle In Cell (PIC) method and a H 1-conform mixed spectral finite element approximation of Maxwell's equations for the approximation of low dense plasmas. It uses the H 1-conform mixed spectral method already described in [2]. As particle methods themselves are a classical subject, we mainly focus on the coupling between a finite element method on an unstructured grid and a PIC method. This subject has already been studied for a coupling between a PIC method and a discontin-uous Galerkin scheme [4], but its still a challenging subject and the rehabilitation of continuous methods to this aim hasn't been studied yet. The critical point lies in the coupling between an Eulerian approximation of the fields on an unstructured grid and a Lagrangian description of particles motion. This point can heavily penalize the global cost of the algorithm, if not taken into account carefully. In the next sections, a few techniques are introduced and compared to each other in order to obtain an efficient coupling algorithm between these two methods.


Background—The purpose of this study was to evaluate the frequency and temporal trends in use of transradial access (TRA) for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). The use of TRA has been associated with less bleeding and improved clinical outcomes in patients undergoing PCI for STEMI. Methods and Results—The frequency of TRA compared with transfemoral access for patients undergoing PCI for STEMI or other indications (non–ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction, unstable angina, and non–acute coronary syndrome) in The Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan Cardiovascular Consortium database between 2010 and 2013 was evaluated. Propensity matching was used to assess the relationship of TRA with in-hospital clinical end points of major bleeding, transfusion, and death. The TRA cohort of patients was stratified into deciles based on their predicted bleeding risk and compared with PCI indication. Of 122 728 PCI procedures, 17 912 (14.6%) were via TRA. Among patients with STEMI cases, 8.3% of the PCI cases were performed via TRA. The use of TRA increased over the study period although the growth was slower for STEMI than for other indications, P<0.001. The use of TRA for PCI in STEMI was associated with a lower rate of bleeding (11.7% versus 20.0%; P<0.001) and vascular complications (0.7% versus 2.6%; P=0.001), but no mortality difference (1.25% versus 2.33%; P=0.175). There was a strong negative association between the predicted risk of bleeding and the use of TRA (P<0.001). Conclusions—The use of radial access for PCI in STEMI is increasing but at a slower pace than for patients with other indications. TRA was associated with a reduction in bleeding and transfusion, but there is a strong negative correlation between the predicted risk of bleeding and actual use of TRA in STEMI.


PurposeThe impact of COVID-19 on the educational systems across the globe was characterized by the shutdown of university education systems. In the post COVID-19 era, examining the prospect of on-line education becomes demanding with emphasis on promoting effective and uninterrupted university education sector in Nigeria.Design/methodology/approachThis study employed phenomenological and descriptive research design. The sample size for the study was 15, comprising university lecturers, students and school social workers. In-depth Interview (IDI) interview was the instrument for data collection.FindingsFindings revealed that university education in Nigeria was adversely disrupted by COVID-19 lockdown during the pandemic. Similarly, the study revealed that online education will facilitate effective and uninterrupted university education in post-COVID-19 era. Challenges such as lack of access to laptops, smartphones, reliable internet services, electricity etc. are major obstacles to an effective transition to online education in the post-COVID-19 University education era. The students lamented that poor knowledge of ICT by their lecturers and inclusivity of indigent/disabled students were major concerns.Originality/valueRevitalizing the education sector is a core concern for low-income countries. Online education presents the lasting solution to the constant interruption of university education in Africa. Promoting effective and uninterrupted university education is pegged on an adequate government education budgetary allocation targeted towards providing an enabling environment for online education to thrive. The study recommends that school social workers' engagement in the educational sector would help advocate for the availability of technological infrastructures and mainstreaming of the poor and disabled in the online education dispensation.


Negotiations occur when parties experience or anticipate interdependence. Negotiators may seek to acquire information or resources from others, resolve a dispute, or explore the possibility of creating something new by working together. During a negotiation, the parties use a variety of behaviors to frame the boundaries of the negotiation, exchange information, construct possible solutions, and advocate for a preferred outcome. While these basic elements of negotiation remain the same across many contexts, the approaches that the parties take to move through the negotiation process may vary significantly. Consider the following example…


Monitoring and diagnosis of power transformers in power systems have been investigated and discussed for the past decades. Earlier detect power transformer winding failures is recommended for both manufacturing process and also for power system operators. One of the most powerful and accurate tool for sufficient winding deformation detection is considered Frequency Response Analysis (FRA) among other diagnostic methods. In this paper a review of diagnostic methods of FRA for power transformer winding are presented. Different methods of transformer winding diagnosis, with their benefits and drawbacks where investigated. Moreover, possible windings failures, diagnostic methods of FRA in Off-line and On-line power transformers, detailed advantages and disadvantages of two major types of FRA are presented. The paper was able to show that some uncertainties have not been eliminated completely.


The flow of a thin layer of a Casson fluid on a rotating disk is considered. The film thickness distribution at various times for various initial thickness distribution is calculated. The stability of the flow is also examined.


Ultrafine (nano-sized) aluminum is a promising component for solid propellants, gel propellants, explosives, etc. The work is focused upon a problem of determining active (metallic) aluminum content in nanoAl powders as one of the characteristics of their reactivity. It is shown that the high reactivity, the presence of either the gases adsorbed or coating matter on the particle surface restricts the traditionally used permanganatometric and volumetric analytic methods. A new technique determining the active aluminum content is presented. This is the adaptation of known cerimetric method based on the analytical reaction Ce4+ + e(-) = Ce3+. The method can be applied for analysis of metallic aluminum in the probes of nanoAl (including ones with organic coating), as well as micron sized aluminum, and their condensed combustion products.


In shallow sea, the effect of geoacoustic characteristics of seabed sediments on acoustic propagation cannot be neglected, which is closely related to acoustic detection and seabed inversion. Aiming at the problem of low-frequency acoustic propagation, the sound pressure sensitivity kernel (PSK) and travel-time gradient (TTG) of the shallow low-frequency acoustic field for the geoacoustic parameters of sediment were presented by using normal mode model and perturbation approximation. Combined with the benchmark shallow sea model, the numerical simulation was carried out. The simulation results show that the PSK for the sound velocity of sediment are showing some interference pattern in velocity-range plane and velocity-frequency plane, and its strength is attenuated with the increase of range. TTGs have different sensitivity to the sound velocity of sediment at different range, which is more sensitive at mid-range. The PSK and TTG show some frequency selectivity.


Narrative career counselling is becoming ubiquitous as its inherent appeal has seen it become more widely adopted in practice. A tension between its potential, popular appeal and proof has emerged. It is over 40 years since the need for a change in direction in theory and practice was first flagged, and it is timely to reflect on the past, present and future stories of narrative career counselling. This article considers the nature and purpose of narrative, the foundation for narrative approaches to career counselling. It overviews the relationship between narrative and identity, the philosophical underpinnings of narrative career counselling, the influence of narrative on career counselling and critiques of narrative career counselling. The article concludes that the potential and popular appeal of narrative career counselling have been realised, but that further supporting proof is needed. A possible future story could see researchers and practitioners working together more closely to build the evidence base for and stimulate theory development about narrative career counselling.


This work is devoted to the development of algorithms for numerical simulation of the
processes of heat treatment of raw milk using induction heating. Such studies will help determine
the thermal effect of the process, the characteristics of the quality and safety of the resulting product
based on dairy raw materials.


Malaria is a major health problem in many parts of the world, including India. The present study is based on available records in a tertiary healthcare center in Mangalore city, an endemic area in Dakshina Kannada district of Karnataka state, India. The prevalence, seasonal variation and morbidity pattern during the year 2016 has been compiled and analyzed. The incidence of malaria in Dakshina Kannada district is on the rise during recent years with peak infection rate in rainy season. Prime parasite of infection in this region is Plasmodium vivax contributing to more than 80% of the total cases. Incidence of malaria in this region is high in adult males compared to children, unlike sub Saharan Africa. P. vivax infection accounts for high rate of mortality in adult males compared to females and children. Migrant workers involved in various construction activities are more affected than the native population mainly because of their exposure status and lack of awareness towards the disease. Thus, there is an urgent need to create awareness about the disease by conducting educational programs and to reduce the risk by adopting personal protective measures and environmental hygienic measures.


Abstract Using a nationally representative sample of N=3,659 adults (mean age 55.6 in 2016) from the 2008, 2012, and 2016 rounds of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979, we examine the impact of work-limiting health conditions, caregiving, and the length of time spent in a caregiving role inside and outside the home on total family net worth. Repeated measures analysis finds having a chronically ill or disabled household member (CIOD), or caring for a household member with a CIOD inside the home was associated with reduced total family net worth (TFNW; -$146.7, p<0.002), on average, across the three time periods. In-home caregiving across time periods does not have an additive effect, but rather appears to result in a one-time drop in TFNW. Respondents who provide care for out-of-home family or friends report higher TFNW on average over time ($73.3K, p<0.001). Respondents with a work-limiting health condition report a lower mean TFNW over this time span (-$53.1K, p<0.005). Caregiving inside the home has 2-3 times the impact on TFNW as having a work-limiting health condition, though in the overall model, the effect of the two variables together on TFNW is additive. An adult is at the greatest disadvantage with respect to financial preparedness for retirement if they are both a caregiver (or have a CIOD in their household) and have a work-limiting health condition than if they have only one of these characteristics or have neither characteristic. Even a single time period of caregiving reduces total family net worth over time.


The modern designs and development trends of electrical generators for wind turbines used in continental and offshore windmill farms are analyzed. Three types of generators for high-speed, low-speed, and gearless drives applied in the megawatt range of capacities are considered. The necessary electromagnetic loads of the generators and the change of their main sizes as a function of power capacity are determined. The trend toward using gearless permanent magnet synchronous generators for capacities up to 8 MW is pointed out. Synchronous generators with both radial magnetization and other versions (with an axial flux, without ferromagnetic cores, etc.) are considered. For capacities of 10 MW and higher, the wind turbine mass can be decreased essentially by using a superconducting generator. However, due to the cost of superconductor, the commercially profitable version has not unequivocally been determined. Different projects (with "warm" and "cold" superconductivity), as well as versions involving the use of both fully superconducting generators and generators containing only a superconducting excitation system are considered.


The application of reclaimed IIR in inner liner of BTR tire was investigated.The results showed that the Mooney scorch time of rubber compound reduced as the addition level of reclaimed IIR increased,but the physical properties changed little;the air-tightness of rubber compound kept constant and the good comprehensive physical properties were obtained when the addition level of reclaimed IIR was lower than 15 phr;the processibility,such as mixing and extruding of rubber compound improved by adding reclaimed IIR;and the cost of rubber compound reduced by 0.075 yuan·kg~(-1) by adding every 1 phr reclaimed IIR.


The paper describes two new species of the genus Torymus Dalman from Xinjiang and Gansu. The type specimens are deposited in the Institute of Applied Entomology, Zhejiang University.1. Torymus latialatus Lin et Xu, sp. nov. (Fig. 1) The new species is similar to T. apiomyiae Boucek Mihajlovic, 1986, but can be distinguished from the latter by the following characters: 1) the first with basal cell of fore wing only a few setae, but the latter with many setae in the whole basal cell; 2) the first with hind coax green, other part dark brown, but the latter with hind coax black; 3) the first longer with longer spur of hind tibia 0.59 times of basitarsus, the latter with longer spur of hind tibia 0.45 times of basitarsus; 4) the first with ratio length of ovipositor is 3.11 times of hind tibia, the latter with ratio length of ovipositor is 2.0 times of hind tibia. Holotype: ♀, Pishan County (37.6°N, 78.2°E), Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, 17-Ⅶ-1991, coll. HE Jun-hua, No. 912515. 2. Torymus gansuensis Lin et Xu, sp. nov. (Fig. 2) The new species is similar to T. pulcher Boucek, 1996, but can be distinguished from the latter by the following characters: 1) the first with sides of hind coax with reticulate area in upper half, the latter with sides of hind coax smooth; 2) the first with hind coax with dorsal carina, the latter with hind coax without dorsal carina; 3) the first with gaster only a small puce spot at base, the latter with gaster reddish at base. Holotype: ♀, Dianba (33.0°N, 104.6°E), Wenxian County, Gansu Province, 16-Ⅵ-1998, coll. MA Yun, DU Yu-zhou, No. 984282.


Simple Summary Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors are tumors with varying degrees of aggressiveness. The most frequent site of metastasis is the liver. Treatment methods for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor liver metastases (NETLM) range from medications to surgical resection. The aim of this article is to review the published literature on treatment of pancreatic NETLM using surgery, liver directed therapy (bland embolization, chemoembolization and radioembolization) and peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT). Surgical resection for patients with resectable disease is associated with the longest survival. Locoregional therapy and PRRT were once reserved for unresectable patients but are now used in increasingly creative ways in combination with surgery to improve symptoms and prolong survival. Abstract Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) are described by the World Health Organization (WHO) classification by grade (1–3) and degree of differentiation. Grade 1 and 2; well differentiated PNETs are often characterized as relatively "indolent" tumors for which locoregional therapies have been shown to be effective for palliation of symptom control and prolongation of survival even in the setting of advanced disease. The treatment of liver metastases includes surgical and non-surgical modalities with varying degrees of invasiveness; efficacy; and risk. Most of these modalities have not been prospectively compared. This paper reviews literature that has been published on treatment of pancreatic neuroendocrine liver metastases using surgery; liver directed embolization and peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT). Surgery is associated with the longest survival in patients with resectable disease burden. Liver-directed (hepatic artery) therapies can sometimes convert patients with borderline disease into candidates for surgery. Among the three embolization modalities; the preponderance of data suggests chemoembolization offers superior radiographic response compared to bland embolization and radioembolization; but all have similar survival. PRRT was initially approved as salvage therapy in patients with advanced disease that was not amenable to resection or embolization; though the role of PRRT is evolving rapidly


Abstract Net CO2 uptake over 24 h periods for shoots of Agave deserti, Ferocactus acanthodes, and Opuntia ficus-indica was measured under the ranges of water status, air temperature, and photo-synthetically active radiation (PAR) that occur in the south-western U.S.A. An environmental productivity index (EPI) was constructed indicating the overall influence of these three factors on net CO2 uptake. Using growth chambers whose conditions were changed monthly to simulate the environmental conditions at a field site, the observed shoot dry weight increases per unit surface area changed in concert with monthly changes in EPI. The observed dry weight gain of the shoot was 17–19% lower than the predicted shoot net CO2 uptake, which could be accounted for by carbon diversion to the roots. Mean monthly EPI was also predicted for 21 sites in the south-western U.S.A. All three species had low EPIs in the Colorado River basin, which has low annual rainfall and high summer temperatures, and in the north-central part of the region, which has low temperatures and low PAR during winter when water is available. The two native species, A. deserti and F. acanthodes, had high EPIs beyond their range in coastal southern California, where competition by other vegetation for PAR may limit net CO2 uptake. Such regions as well as south-central California and south-central Arizona had high EPIs for all three species, indicating that these areas would be appropriate for the cultivation of O. ficus-indica.


An expedition to the highest peak of the Kemul Massif located a number of different Nepenthes taxa, including the type populations of N. fusca Danser and N. mollis Danser (Nepenthaceae), neither of which have been observed in situ since they were first collected from Kemul in 1925. Studies of the type form of N. fusca show that N. fusca s.lat. includes two other species, one largely restricted to Sabah's Crocker range, here reinstated as N. zakriana (J.H.Adam & Wilcock) J.H.Adam & Hafiza, and a more southerly distributed species from Brunei, Sarawak and Kalimantan, named here as N. dactylifera A.S.Rob, Golos & Barer. Analysis of the type population of N. mollis indicates that N. hurrelliana Cheek & A.L.Lamb is a heterotypic synonym of N. mollis, and reveals an additional undescribed Nepenthes species from Sarawak and Kalimantan with a widespread but highly localised range.


(1R, 3R, 5S)-1, 3-Dimethyl-2, 9-dioxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (1), a host-specific substance of ambrosia beetle, has been synthesized stereoselectively based on a highly syn-selective 1, 3-asymmetric reduction of the β-alkoxy ketone (5) using lithium aluminum hydride-lithium iodide.


The article introduces and analyzes major solutions to sulfur coal in thermal power plant.It proposes that power plants,in which sulfur content in the fuel is beyond the capacity of desulphurization system,ought to uprate on desulphurization units;While power plants,in which only bits of fuel are superior in sulfur content to capacity of desulphurization system,ought to adopt high-efficiency desulfurater or desulphurization additives to handle sulfur coal.


The article, based on research work carried by me in 2008-2010,has been analysed in the point of veiw of dynamic political value conserning the youth of the Kuban Region. With the key tendency of difference the youths minds.The growing importance of political and social values in the mass consciousness of young people, has been analysed in the work.


The review proposes the measures for promoting the structural adjustment and technical development of graphite products in Heilongjiang province through analyzing the general situation of graphite,problems of graphite product export,the research status and potential applications of graphite,as well as the problems of graphite industry development in China and Heilongjiang province.


EDITOR—Evidence based medicine is the gold standard for practice, and pharmaceutical companies appreciate the power of evidence based medicine. A positive result in a randomised controlled study produces pressure to use a specific agent regardless of cost.

High costs seem to predominate in intensive care. Over the past 10 years several expensive treatments have been launched and subsequently failed. Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) was the reverse, being initially inexpensive, and is of proved efficacy in reducing morbidity.

Recently, two randomised controlled studies have shown improved oxygenation1 …


Modification of proteins with ubiquitin (Ub) and Ub-like modifiers (Ubls) plays a fundamental role in cell biology. As a consequence, proteomics-based efforts were developed to characterize proteins that are modified by Ub or Ubls. A more focused functional proteomics strategy relies on active-site probes based on the Ub/Ubl scaffold, which specifically targets Ub/Ubl-processing enzymes. Activity-based profiling with such tools led to the identification of novel gene products with Ub/Ubl-processing activity and uncovered novel control mechanisms regulating their activity. This review discusses recent advances in chemistry-based functional proteomics applications, and how this information can provide a framework for drug development against Ub/Ubl-processing enzymes.


Under the background of sustainable development, the energy-consuming equipment and application mode of building system have changed to some degree. BIM's green building is the priority in design currently. BIM reintegrates the process of buildings design and the involved life cycle management of building is focused and affected by green build- ing design. Building information model covers the information of geometry, physics and topology. Geometrical informa- tion directly reflects the shape of buildings in three-dimensional space and physical information describes the physical property of various components, such as thermal coefficient, etc. And topological information includes the correlation among various components. However, due to the influence of multiple elements and lack of the support of appropriate platform, this method faces some difficulties and obstacles, such as weak compatibility and expandability, low integration level of information, etc., which results in many problems in sports building design. This paper will analyze design pattern in detail by studying the key points that BIM technology combines green building design.


On 10 March 1989 the United Nations Commission on Human Rights concluded its six week session in Geneva with a number of significant decisions as to country situations in which human rights violations have occurred, including the establishment of a Special Rapporteur on Romania. The Commission also continued monitoring disappearances, torture, executions, religious intolerance, and mercenaries; approved a draft Convention on the Rights of the Child after nine years of discussion; promptly transmitted to the General Assembly a draft Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights for the abolition of the death penalty; reaffirmed the right of conscientious objection to military service; renewed emphasis on the provision of advisory services to assist governments in protecting the rights of their citizens; and acted on a number of other matters.' The Commission session was marred, however, by the failure to take any action on human rights abuses in Iraq or even to discuss human rights in Africa (outside of Southern Africa). The Commission also refused to seek greater scrutiny of the human rights situation in Cuba, despite strenuous lobbying by the United States delegation.


NetSketch is a tool that enables the specification of network-flow applications and the certification of desirable safety properties imposed thereon. NetSketch is conceived to assist system integrators in two types of activities: modeling and design. As a modeling tool, it enables the abstraction of an existing system while retaining sufficient information about it to enable future analysis of safety properties. As a design tool, NetSketch enables the exploration of alternative safe designs as well as the identification of minimal requirements for outsourced subsystems. NetSketch embodies a lightweight formal verification philosophy, whereby the power (but not the heavy machinery) of a rigorous formalism is made accessible to users via a friendly interface. NetSketch does so by exposing tradeoffs between exactness of analysis and scalability, and by combining traditional whole-system analysis with a more flexible compositional analysis. The compositional analysis is based on a strongly-typed Domain-Specific Language (DSL) for describing network configurations at various levels of sketchiness along with invariants that need to be enforced thereupon. In this paper, we overview NetSketch, highlight its salient features, and illustrate how it could be used in two applications: the management/shaping of traffic flows in a vehicular network (as a proxy for CPS applications) and in a streaming media network (as a proxy for Internet applications). In a companion paper, we define the formal system underlying the operation of NetSketch, in particular the DSL behind NetSketch's user-interface when used in "sketch mode", and prove its soundness relative to appropriately-defined notions of validity. I. MOTIVATION AND SCOPE Traditionally, the design and implementation of trustworthy systems follows a bottom-up approach, enabling system designers and builders to certify (assert and assess) desirable safety invariants of the entire system as a whole. For example, the development of applications with predictable timing properties necessitates the use of special-purpose, real-time kernels so that timing properties at the application layer (top) could be established through knowledge and/or tweaking of much lower-level kernel details (bottom) such as worst-case context switching times and specific scheduling parameters. While justifiable in some instances, this vertical (bottom-up) approach does not lend itself well to current practices in the assembly of complex, large-scale systems – namely, the integration of various subsystems into a whole by "system integrators" who may not necessarily possess the requisite expertise or knowledge of the internals of the subsystems on which they rely. This alternative horizontal approach has significant merits with respect to scalability and modularity, but at the same time it poses significant challenges with respect to aspects of trustworthiness – namely, certifying that the system as a whole will satisfy specific invariants (e.g., related to safety, security, and timeliness). While it is possible to reason about and/or automatically infer the exact (tight) conditions under which safety constraints are satisfied for small-scale (toy), fully-specified subsystems, the same cannot be expected for large-scale, complex systems. Thus, we recognize in this context three specific challenges that the work we present in this paper aims to mitigate. Exposing Tradeoffs: The environments and tools used by system integrators must expose the inherent tradeoff between the exactness of safety analysis of the underlying subsystems, and the computational complexity necessary for automated analysis. For example, it should be possible for a system integrator to sketch (under-specify) any guarantees or constraints expected to hold in a subsystem for less critical functionalities (or early on in the design phase), and yet expect a level of support for system-wide safety analysis that is commensurate with the provided details. Such a capability would enable system integrators to establish "minimal" subsystem requirements ensuring system-wide safety properties. Similarily, it should be possible for a system integrator to escalate the automated analysis of safety properties based on the low computational cost of such an analysis. Lowering the Bar: Support for safety analysis in design and/or development environments must be based on sound formalisms that are not specific to (and do not require expertise in) particular domains. While acceptable and perhaps expected for vertically-designed and smaller-scale (sub)systems, deep domain expertise cannot be assumed for designers of horizontally-integrated, large-scale systems. Not only should the underlying formalism be domain-agnostic, it must also be possible for the formalism to act as a unifying glue across multiple theories and calculi. In particular, such a formalism should enable system integrators to manipulate results obtained through multiple, esoteric domain-specific techniques (e.g., using network calculus to obtain worst-case delay envelopes, using scheduling theory to derive upper bounds on resource utilizations, or using queuing theory to derive steady-state average delays). In doing so, we lower the bar of expertise required to take full advantage of such domain-specific results at the small (subsystem) scale, while at the same time enabling scalability of safety analysis at the large (system) scale. Enabling Compositional Network Flow Analysis: Most large-scale systems are modeled/viewed as interconnections of subsystems, or gadgets, each of which is a producer, consumer, or regulator of flows that are characterized by a set of variables and a set of constraints thereof, reflecting inherent or assumed properties or rules for how the gadgets operate (and what constitutes safe operation). We argue that system integration can be seen primarily as a network flow management exercise, and consequently that tools developed Gadgets Whole-system vs Compositional analysis A [ [ A ] ] = [ [ A ] ] A ⊗ B ⊗ C [ [ A ⊗ B ⊗ C ] ] = [ [ A ] ] ? [ [ B ] ] ? [ [ C ] ] A ⊗ 〈 〉 ⊗ C [ [ A ⊗ 〈 〉 ⊗ C ] ] ? ? = [ [ A ] ] ? [ [ 〈 〉 ] ] ? [ [ C ] ] A ⊗ B ⊗ C [ [ A ⊗ B ⊗ C ] ] = [ [ A ] ] ? [ [ B ] ] ? [ [ C ] ] Figure 1. Contrasting whole-system and compositional analyses. to assist in modeling and/or analysis recognize and leverage this view by enabling compositional analysis of networks of gadgets. This then facilitates the checking of safety properties or the inference of conditions or constraints under which safe operation is guaranteed. II. THE NETSKETCH FRAMEWORK AND FORMALISM Towards the stated goals, we propose in this paper a methodology and tool (NetSketch) for specifying and analyzing large network flow problems. Compositional Analysis in NetSketch: As a tool, NetSketch supports compositional (in contrast to whole-system) analysis, which is additionally incremental (distributed in time) and modular (distributed in space). Schematically and somewhat simplistically, we can constrast whole-system and compositional analyses according to Figure 1, where " [ [x ] ] " denotes "the analysis of object x", "⊗" an associative operation for connecting two components of a larger network, and "?" an associative operation for combining two analyses. Here it is important to note that for an analysis to be compositional, it must allow inter-checking of gadgets to happen in any order, thus enabling more flexible patterns of development and update. This stands in sharp contrast to modular analysis, which may prescribe a particular order in which the modules have to be analyzed.1 Analysis of Incomplete or Sketchy Specifications: By its nature, whole-system analysis cannot be undertaken if a gadget (such as B in Figure 1) is missing or if it breaks down (indicated by the question mark "?"). Moreover, if the missing gadget is to be replaced by a new one (B′ in Figure 1), whole-system analysis must be delayed until the new gadget becomes available for examination and then the entire network must be re-analyzed from scratch. If we are interested in certifying that a particular invariant is preserved throughout the network without running into the limitations of whole-system analysis – specifically, inability to deal with incomplete or "sketchy" topologies and/or incurring the cost of having to re-examine the entire network – and if we can formalize this invariant using type-theoretic notions at the interfaces of gadgets (denoted by 〈 〉 in Figure 1), then we can adopt the alternative approach of compositional analysis, which is not invalidated by the presence of holes (the empty interfaces 〈 〉 in Figure 1). Simply put, one can think of a "hole" as a placeholder where a system integrator can place different gadgets satisfying the same interface types, interchangeably and at different times. 1A good example of the difference between modular and compositional analysis is provided by type inference for ML-like functional languages. Type inference is a particular way of analyzing programs statically, one of several closely related approaches available today. ML-like type inference is modular but not compositional. Our schematic comparison above, between compositional and whole-system analyses, calls for an important proviso if we are to reap the benefits of the former. The cost of combining two analyses (via the operation "?" in Figure 1) should be significantly smaller – specifically, below a computational complexity that is acceptable to the user – than the cost of combining two networks (via the operation "⊗" in Figure 1) and then analyzing the combination again from scratch. However, even with that proviso and the additional proviso that all the pieces (gadgets) of a network are in place so that a whole-system analysis is at all an option, it will not be that compositional analysis always wins over whole-system analysis. An analysis – any analysis – is of a few properties of interest and, as such


The objective of this study was to identify potential chemical degradation mechanisms for the Saltstone Disposal Unit (SDU) concretes, which over the performance life of the structures may be exposed to highly alkaline sodium salt solutions containing sulfate, hydroxide, and other potentially corrosive chemicals in salt solution and saltstone flush water, drain water, leachate and / or pore solution. The samples analyzed in this study were cement pastes prepared in the SIMCO Technologies, Inc. concrete laboratory. They were based on the paste fractions of the concretes used to construct the Saltstone Disposal Units (SDUs). SDU 1 and 4 concrete pastes were represented by the PV1 test specimens. The paste in the SDU 2, 3, 5, and 6 concrete was represented by the PV2 test specimens. SIMCO Technologies, Inc. selected the chemicals and proportions in the aggressive solutions to approximate proportions in the saltstone pore solution [2, 3, 5, and 6]. These test specimens were cured for 56 days in curing chamber before being immersed in aggressive solutions. After exposure, the samples were frozen to prevent additional chemical transport and reaction. Selected archived (retrieved from the freezer) samples were sent to the Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) for additional characterization usingmore » x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. Characterization results are summarized in this report. In addition, a correlation between the oxide composition of the pastes and their chemical durability in the alkaline salt solutions is provided.« less


Effects of controlled temperature conditions during seed development on seed and embryo germination of Syringa vulgaris were studied using vegetatively propagated mother plants. Seeds from mother plants grown at 18–24°C were partially dormant at low (15°C) but not at high (21°C) germination temperature, while seeds from outdoors or from plants grown at 12°C were not dormant at all. Seed dormancy at low temperatures was induced as well when branches from outdoor plants were kept at 18–24°C for the last two-three weeks before harvesting. The dormancy induced by 24°C during seed development was not broken by keeping branches at 12°C for the last two-three weeks. In most cases the induced seed dormancy was broken completely by gibberellic acid.

Embryo germination at 24 or 15°C was not affected by mother plant temperature. Part of the embryos from plants grown at 24°C were, however, dormant at 9°C. The ability of embryos to germinate in osmoticum was only slightly affected by mother plant temperature.

The mechanical resistance of the endosperm was significantly higher in the seeds from plants grown at 24°C than in seeds from 12°C.

Both the embryos and the seeds of S. reflexa were dormant at the time of termination of embryo elongation. Experiments with three seed-propagated mother plants indicated that the water potential of embryos may be reduced by high mother plant temperature.


Abstract Dextropropoxyphene overdose is known to cause widening of the QRS complex on electrocardiogram. We report a case of a 18 years old woman who ingested 36 g paracetamol and 2,1 g dextropropoxyphene in suicide attempt. She developed seizures, wide QRS complex and cardiac arrest. The routine blood screening for different psychotropic drugs, opiates and alcohol turned out to be negative. The propoxyphene and paracetamol high concentrations determined in plasma were respectively 4.321 μg/ml at 3.5 hours (lethal value > 2 μg/ml) and 588 μg/ml at 5.0 hours (toxic value > 168 μg/ml). Cardiac arrest consecutive to the toxic effects of dextropropoxyphene on respiratory and cardiac functions usually occurs within one hour after ingestion and before patient reaches hospital.


In this article, the authors prove a simple formula to compute incremental volatility, that is, the change in the portfolio volatility due to the removal of one asset from the portfolio. The common practice adopted in the literature and in the industry is to avoid the full recalculation of the portfolio volatility and to use a first-order approximation based on the gradient of the portfolio volatility. Here, the authors introduce a new exact formula that does not require recomputing the volatility of the new portfolio but exploits quantities computed previously. Using the new formula, they can easily compute the effect on the portfolio volatility of any arbitrary change in the weight of one asset as well as determine the optimal trade, that is, the weight change that allows the maximum reduction in the portfolio volatility. A simulation exercise and an empirical analysis illustrate the clear advantage—in terms of accuracy, saving in computational time, and calculation of portfolio analytics—with respect to the full reevaluation and the commonly used linear approximation. Due to their striking simplicity, the new formulas provide important portfolio analytics of immediate use in the asset management industry.


In teleoperation systems with force feedback the operator is exposed to a variety of system specific influences. Amongst them is time delay, the loss of data packets in transmission and the quality of force feedback. The objective of this thesis was the investigation of the effects of these three influencing factors on the human operating performance, when using a teleoperation system.
Two human subject studies were conducted, whereby the first focused on the effect of packet loss and the second on time delay and the quality of force feedback. Five different tasks were conducted with a teleoperation system in order to deduce statements about the human operating performance in different types of tasks. Several parameters were used as indicators of the human oper-ating performance, which were dependent on the tasks executed with the teleoperation system. This objective data acquisition was supplemented with the acquisition of mental workload as a subjective parameter. The experimental design was balanced in terms of different aspects in order to keep the influence of sequence-, learning- and fatigue-effects as minimal as possible. The used teleoperation system consisted of a biaxial robot with stylus and a joystick with force feedback.
The different parameters of each of the five experimental tasks was statistically analyzed. No systematic effects of packet loss on the performance of the operator nor his mental workload was found for the investigated packet loss rates. In terms of time delay, its deteriorating effect, which is known from literature, emerged for most of the parameters. It was unusual that an increase of time delay lead to an improvement of the human operating performance for one parameter in three experimental tasks, when the corresponding tasks were performed without force feedback. The operator's mental workload increased with rising time delay. In regards to the quality of force feedback, it was found that the human operating performance mainly improved for all experimental tasks, if force feedback was provided. A small difference in terms of the human operating performance was found for two of the three investigated qualities of force feedback, which were ascribed to different system configurations. Adding or removing force feedback did not influence the operator's mental workload.
In the end, the practical implications in terms of the optimization of teleoperation systems in the development process and the limitations of the conducted human subject studies are summarized. Finally, further research questions were suggested.


Customer credit categories are studied in order to enhance the prior control of credit risks of electric power end users.Credit evaluation index system is developed firstly.The weight of individual index system could be determined by improved AHP.Finally the cloud model is introduced to analyse the credit of the customers.Since it abandons the hard division method of previous studies,the model can reflect the data distribution more obviously and the partition is more scientific.Examples show that this model is feasible and effective by offering more hidden valuable information.


This paper aims to explore the challenges regarding the workplace area of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Nowadays, organisations and their leaders are facing unprecedented pressures from both internal and external forces. Furthermore, there is a growing interest in understanding and managing issues related to sustainability. In these circumstances, organisations, regardless of their field of activity, have to implement responsible ways of doing business. Most CSR research focuses primarily on external areas: marketplace, environment, community, and external stakeholders: customers, suppliers, investors, government. Knowledge and digital economy and the fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) greatly influence human capital. Today, there is fierce competition in attracting and retaining the best employees – as critical stakeholders. Recruiting, developing, utilising and retaining a talented workforce has become a critical success factor. In this context, it is crucial to explore the workplace as an internal dimension of CSR. Our research methodology includes a theoretical analysis based on literature regarding this topic and an online survey based on a questionnaire. The conclusions and solutions highlighted at the end of the paper can support Human Resource managers and business leaders in addressing these challenges and developing knowledge and skills to generate long‐term value for businesses, society and the environment. We anticipate that our findings will shed more light on CSR workplace practices that can be integrated into the business sustainability strategy.


Physico-chemical analysis and sensory test of loin of lamb were carried out by four different methods such as grilling, pan-frying, oven-roasting and boiling. The crude fat content was all the same at three cooking methods except boiling. The moisture content was not different among grilling, pan-frying and oven-roasting. Hunter's color L-value(lightness) was lowest at grilling method. However, the heating loss appeared greatly at grilling. The hardness of the lamb-loin after cooking showed big differences with the control except boiling treatment. Amino acids in fillet contained highly in the order of glutamic acid > aspartic acid > cystein. The grilling showed a good value not only color of a sensory test but also the appearance. The oven-roasting cooking gave the tenderness and juiciness. The oven-roasting method showed good sensation to overall taste. Therefore, the oven-roasting (at 150℃ for 9 minutes) was suggested as the superior method when the loin of lamb is cooked for reducing off-flavour.


Let $A$ and $B$ be two summability methods. We shall use the notation $\lambda \in(A, B)$ to denote the set of all sequences $\lambda$ such that $\sum\nolimits a_{n}\lambda_{n}$ is summable $B$, whenever $\sum\nolimits a_{n}$ is summable $A$. In the present paper we characterize the sets $\lambda \in (|\overline{N}, p_{n}|, |T|_{k})$ and $\lambda \in (|\overline{N}, p_{n}|_{k}, |T|)$, where $T$ is a lower triangular matrix with positive entries and row sums $1$. As special cases we obtain summability factor theorems and inclusion theorems for pairs of weighted mean matrices.


Submitted for the DFD10 Meeting of The American Physical Society Nonlinear stability of granular shear flow: shear banding PRIYANKA SHUKLA, PhD Student, MEHEBOOB ALAM, Prof. — We show that a Landau-type 'order-parameter' equation describes the onset of shear-band formation in granular plane Couette flow wherein the flow undergoes an ordering transition into alternate layers of dense and dilute regions of low and high shear rates, respectively, parallel to the flow-direction. Even though the linear theory predicts the stability of the homogeneous shear solution in dilute flows, our analytical bifurcation theory suggests that there is a sub-critical finite-amplitude instability that is likely to lead to shearband formation in dilute flows which is in agreement with previous numerical simulations. Priyanka Shukla PhD Student Date submitted: 23 Jul 2010 Electronic form version 1.4


ABSTRACT Fabrication of chemically crosslinked matrix system for controlled delivery of venlafaxine is the aim of study. AMPS (monomer) is used to chemically cross-link PVP (polymer) and Xanthan gum (Polymer) in the presence of ammonium per sulfate/sodium hydrogen sulfite. The effect of alteration in the amount of monomer, polymer, and crosslinker was evaluated. Swelling properties showed maximum swelling at pH 7.4 proved to indicate the pH-sensitive behavior. Kinetics modeling demonstrated the controlled release trend of venlafaxine in a fabricated gel. Toxicity studies confirmed the nontoxicity of developed gel. The controlled delivery of venlafaxine was effectively achieved by xanthan gum/PVP-co-poly (AMPS) hydrogels. GRAPHICAL ABTRACT


Part owner''s manual, part cultural history, Read My Lips is a celebration of lipstick, a cultural icon a nd international symbol of feminine mystique. The authors ex amine both the business of producing it and the psychology o f using it. '


Long-range quantum communication for spin qubits is an important open problem. Here we study decoherence of an electron spin qubit that is being transported in a moving quantum dot. We focus on spin decoherence due to spin-orbit interaction and a random electric potential. We find that at the lowest order, the motion induces longitudinal spin relaxation, with a rate linear in the dot velocity. Our calculated spin relaxation time ranges from sub $\mu$s in GaAs to above ms in Si, making this relaxation a significant decoherence channel. Our results also give clear indications on how to reduce the decoherence effect of electron motion.


Insecticides pyrethroids juvenile hormones avermectins herbicides and plant growth regulators fungicides and bactericides animal health products rodenticides biological control agents.


The invention provides a power supply device for supplying power to an electronic device, comprising a battery and a voltage regulation unit, wherein the battery is used for outputting voltage and has better power supply voltage for supplying power and cutoff voltage for discharging; and the voltage regulation unit is electrically connected with the battery and can acquire the output voltage of the battery and convert the output voltage into the better power supply voltage to be used for the electronic device when the output voltage intervenes between the better power supply voltage and the cutoff voltage. The invention also provides a discharging method of the power supply device.


With the rapid development of internet and multimedia technology, the training of visual literacy has gained much more attention. In the teaching of Biochemistry, when confronting numerous visual tools in various ways for biological molecules research and rapid development of subject, teachers and students are required to have higher level of visual literacy. However, it is slighting and retarded to develop visual literacy education in China. Therefore, it is very important to emphasize the improvement of visual literacy in the teaching of Biochemistry, which can improve the ability in teaching design and learning method in this era of graphical interpretation.

Key words:
Visual literacy; Training of visual literacy; Teaching of Biochemistry


It is perhaps easier to describe what this book is not than what it is. First, it is not an introductory text providing detailed descriptions of several countries' health care systems. Although this book has chapters describing health care in the United States, Canada, Germany, Netherlands, and the United Kingdom, having a previous understanding of those systems helps in maximizing insights from these chapters. Second, it is not a theoretically driven book that selects some criteria of efficiency, effectiveness, or equity to demonstrate that one system is better than another. Instead, this book focuses on the challenges, uses, and abuses of comparative study of health policy. As stated by the editors, the core question is how one nation can best learn from what another does in health policy. So who should read this book? From this reviewer's perspective, anyone seriously interested in health policy. While clearly focused on those interested in comparative health care systems, it is important reading for those interested in a single country's health policy as well. One of the major benefits of studying another country's health care system is not just to get new ideas or perspectives, but also to put in stark reality your own health care system, as well as its underlying political, cultural, and economic assumptions. This is not a quick read and many sections are worth re-reading. The book is a result of a series of 10 conferences (Four Country Conferences) that took place from 1995 to 2004. The purpose of these conferences was to address methodological and substantive issues with comparative health policy analysis. The countries of focus were selected based on neighboring countries (Germany-Netherlands and the United States-Canada) that shared many common characteristics, but which also differed in terms of health policy. The United Kingdom was added later. The first chapter addresses the promises and perils of comparative health policy. The next five chapters focus on the 1990s health care reform efforts in each of the five countries. As indicated previously, rather than being comprehensive descriptions of each country's health care system, these are more updates of what has recently transpired in health policy reform. This is not a criticism of these chapters because the depth in which they examine the current health policy issues in each country is a major contribution. However, it is not so much the facts presented that are important as what health policy analysts can learn from the events that transpired in these particular countries, and the extent to which each country learned something from another. For example, while Germany and the Netherlands share many aspects of culture and their health care systems, analysts can learn how the Dutch were able to pass a new form of population-wide health insurance in 2005 with little debate or opposition. Also


Abstract : This one-year project investigated plasmonic nanoantennas, comparing snowflake and log-periodic designs, and applied developed tools to nanoantenna arrays, chirped signals, and nanoantenna responses with dielectric and graphene loads. The project was seeking to maximize bandwidth and reduce temporal pulse width. Some findings: time-domain methods enabled modeling of nonlinearity and chirp, a circularly polarized pulse train can sequentially excite arms of an antenna to create a center-point pulse train, closely-spaced antennas can be resolved, log-periodic antennas have increased bandwidth vs snowflake, and the high surface impedance inherent to graphene results in high field concentrations.


Seeing and experiencing nudity was rare during the prudish 19th century. This paper explores some such opportunities. At first, nudes invaded the public space through neoclassical and academic art to the detriment of reality. Moreover, social conventions also allowed women to unveil some parts of their body but only in specific cases. Yet, we know little about nudity in private spaces or practices, including sexual activity or washing oneself. In fact, nudity was probably experienced in marginal places such as brothels or in the spaces of a new somatic culture such as beaches, barracks, or gyms. However, it was also disseminated through the new medical culture.


W econsiderharm onicm apsfrom M inkowskispaceinto thethreesphere. W e are especially interested in solutionswhich are asym ptotically constant, i.e.converge to the sam e value in alldirections ofspatialin nity.Physical 3-space can then be com pacti ed and can be identi ed topologically (but notm etrically!)with a threesphere.Therefore,at xed tim e,thewinding of the m ap isde ned.W e investigate whetherstatic solutionswith non-trivial winding num berexist.The answerwhich we can proofhere isonly partial: W e show thatwithin a certain fam ily ofm apsno static solutionswith nonzero winding num ber exist.W e discuss the existing static solutions in our fam ily ofm aps.An extension to other m aps or a proofthat our fam ily of m apsissu ciently generalrem ainsan open problem .


The sewage after cleanout engine is by neglecting oil, acid-base reaction, air flatrotion, filtration, reoccpy for cleanout engine. Save energy, debase cost, environment is prevention and cure pollute is a develop aspect, sewerage choice decide sticking point whether economy and in reason.


Abstract Objectives. The aim was to introduce a new methodology to characterize toothpaste containing bioactive glass and to evaluate the effect of release of fluoride ions, by cleaving monofluorophosphate (MFP), on the mineral forming ability of Sensodyne Repair & Protect (SRP). which contains NovaMinTM (bioactive glass, 45S5 composition). Methods. SRP, NovaMin particles, and placebo paste (PLA) which did not contain NovaMin, were immersed into a remineralization media (RS), which mimics the ionic strength of human saliva, for 3 days with different concentrations of alkaline phosphatase (ALP): 0, 25 and 75 U.L−1. Ion concentration profiles and pH were monitored by ICPOES and F− ion selective electrode. Remaining solids were collected by freeze-drying and their surfaces analysed. Results. Hydroxyapatite (HA) formed on the surface of BG alone (after 1 h) and in toothpaste (after 2 h), whereas PLA did not induce any precipitation. ALP cleaved MFP at different rates depending on the enzyme concentration. Increasing the concentration of ALP from 0 and 75 U.L−1 reduced the time of HA formation from 2 h to 24 h. However, the presence of fluoride induced the precipitation of fluorapatite. No evidence of fluorite (CaF2) was observed. The apatite formation ability of toothpaste can be assessed using the presented method.


This Recommendation provides methodologies for the interference evaluation from the HAPS-to-ground transmission downlink of the fixed service (FS) using high altitude platform stations to the uplink of the fixed-satellite service using the geostationary satellites within the bands 27.5-28.35 GHz.This Recommendation contains three Annexes that provide methodologies for interference calculation, calculation of the e.i.r.p. of transmission from HAPS, interference evaluation in terms of C/I and examples of applications of the methodologies in the Appendix.


This study aims at (1) investigating the quality of "Buku Bahasa Inggris Untuk SMA/K" textbook to teach English for the tenth grade students of accounting skill program at SMK N 1 Randudongkal, and (2) developing English supplementary textbook for the tenth grade students of accounting skill program at SMK N 1 Randudongkal. It is a Research and Development study. There are two steps in conducting this study. The first is exploration, which consists of library research, book analysis, and need analysis. The second is model development which consists of design the draft prototype, experts judgment, try out, and final product . The result of book analysis reveals that "Buku Bahasa Inggris Untuk SMA/K" has some weaknesses for teaching English for accounting students. The materials in the existing textbook are still general. The teacher should find related materials from other resources. Then, the researcher analyzed the needs of students through conducting interview and delivering questionnaire to accounting students. The result showed that the students need English materials specifically for accounting. Based on the result of exploration stage, the researcher decided to design English supplementary textbook for accounting students based on inquiry-based language learning (IBLL). The reasons the researcher chose IBLL is that IBLL provides teaching steps which emphasize students as center of learning. Furthermore, it could engage students in teaching process and stimulates students to be more critical and creative in thinking. In development stage, the researcher designed draft prototype based on the result of exploration stage. Then, it is evaluated by two experts in TEFL. The researcher revised the draft prototype based on the suggestion from the experts. After it was revised, it was tried out to accounting students in order to get the feasibility of the draft prototype. At the end of the try out, the researcher conducted FGD and delivered questionnaire to know the students' responses toward the draft prototype. The result of FGD and questionnaire were used to revise the draft prototype into the final product. It is hoped that the English supplementary textbook for accounting can help the teacher in teaching English for accounting students. The researcher also hopes that the students' motivation and the situation of the classroom improve. Keywords: ESP, English textbook, supplementary textbook, vocational school, accounting skill-program


Diffraction efficiencies of holograms in thick azo polymer films were improved by designing optical densities of the films. A nonphotosensitive polymer was used as a binder for controlling the dye concentrations. We fabricated 250-µm-thick films by changing the concentrations. While the optically induced birefringence decreased with decreasing concentration, reduction of absorption loss of the reading beam increased the diffraction efficiency. Thus, owing to the competition between the decrease in birefringence and the increase in efficiency, there exist appropriate concentrations for improving both sensitivity and magnitude of the diffraction efficiency. Consequently, the diffraction efficiency reached 25% without degradation of the sensitivity. We also demonstrated holographic multiplexing using the film. A set of 20 data pages (66 kbits per page) was successfully multiplexed and retrieved with a low bit-error rate of 1.3×10-3. The use of an error correction coding would allow error-free recovery of the data pages.


Anaerobic digestion often encounters the problem of higher population of the acid-forming bacteria relative to the slower growing methanogenic bacteria which inhibits the methanogenic process leading to problems such as low gas yield and process instability. In this study, anaerobic digestion of organic fraction of municipal solid waste has been carried out in two identical model laboratory-scale single stage anaerobic digesters simultaneously; one without the control of pH and other with the control of pH, with same substrate keeping all other conditions identical. Results indicated that the hydraulic retention time of AD reaction could be reduced by at least seven days and the overall efficiency of gas production of the digester could be increased by more than 21.95% (at 50 days time) by the control of pH in the digester.


The application of Lattice Reduction techniques over the MIMO channel matrix is known to improve the performance of MIMO detectors. Several authors have proposed Lattice-Reduction-Aided K-Best detectors for improving the performance of conventional K-Best algorithms. In this paper, efficient ways of decreasing the computational complexity of previously proposed schemes are presented. The knowledge about how the Lattice Reduction stage affects the transmitted symbols is exploited in order to significantly decrease the complexity without performance loss.


As the core of the third generation of leaders and based on the presently-appeared condition and problems, Jiang Ze-min formed a new educational theory: the new education policy ?the strategy of science and education; quality education?talent education ?moral education ?moral construction of teachers. Enriching and developing the education theory of Mao Ze-dong and Deng Xiao-ping,Jiang Zemin's educational system is very valuable at the age. Viewed from an angle of new century, it looks forward to the future of education and shows the "Three Representations" and the creative spirit of striding with the age.


Thirty-eight species in addition to 2 varieties (3 unidentified) of zoosporic organisms belonging to 14 genera of Oomycetes and 3 genera of Chytridiomycetes were recovered from 50 soil samples randomly collected from different localities in the western region of Saudi Arabia. Allomyces and Dictyuchus have the highest frequency of occurrence while Achlya, Aqualinderella, Saproleginia and Phytophthora were of moderate occurrence, The remaining genera were less frequent. Seven species and two varieties were new records to Saudi Arabia, which are Achlya oblongata, Allomyces javancius var. allomorphus, Aphanomyces stellatus, Blastoccladia gracile, Dictyuchus magnusii, Olpidiopsis Saproleginia var. levis, Olpidium species, Phytophthora megasperma, and Saproleginia turfosa. Water and organic matter contents of soil samples are considered as major factors influencing the prevalence and occurrence of zoosporic organisms.


Recently, deep neural networks have led to tremendous advances in image super-resolution. As a well-known one-to-many inverse problem, the deep learning based methods tackle this issue via large receptive field. By that, the deep network could infer each output pixel from sufficient context information. However, most existing studies use larger kernel size or design a very deep network model to attain sufficient receptive field. The computational cost dramatically increments along with the training difficulty. Concerning this problem, the goal of this paper is to design an effective and trainable convolutional neural network. We proposed a multi-scale dense network (MSDN) which is composed of deep concatenation and basic blocks, namely multi-scale dense block (MSDB). The proposed MSDB use different dilated convolutions to gather multi-scale information; meanwhile concatenating the different dilated convolution results magnify the receptive field of a single layer. To facilitate the training difficulty, there are the dense skip connections in the proposed MSDB. Moreover, the deep concatenation and global skip connection are also adopted for improving training furthermore. Consequently, we achieve a large receptive field network without deeper structure. The experiments indicate that the quality of the proposed MSDN yields the state-of-the-art result.


A distributed stocking-selling-storing information management is realized based on internet-based selling-storing management system and using the mode of combination of Multi-Tier structure and virtually special net. The system's structure, function, characteristics and the realization method are introduced. On the basis of describing the business flow and software structure, the mommodity coding design, handing of co-existing event and net flow control are elaborated, and the related solving method put forward.


S. Andersson: In quest of Certainty; Bertrand Russell's search for certainty in religion and mathematics up to The Principles of Mathematics 1903


As part of quality assurance (QA) in high dose rate brachytherapy, it is necessary to verify that the source dwell positions correspond to the radiographic markers used in simulation and treatment planning. The procedure is well established for linear tandem applicators. However, with the advent of ring applicators, this has become more critical and challenging. This work describes a new approach to determine positional inaccuracies for ring applicators in which the dummy markers are imaged just once and their dwell positions characterized with respect to an applicator‐defined axis. The radiograph serves as a reference for dummy markers for comparison with all subsequent measurements in which the active sources are autoradiographed at different offsets – thus obviating the back‐and‐forth transferring of setup between afterloader and simulator. The method has been used specifically to characterize the Varian GammaMed 60° ring applicator, but it may be adapted to any other applicator. The results show that an offset of 1–2 mm minimizes the overall inaccuracy to within ±2 mm. PACS numbers: 87.53.Jw, 87.56.Fc, 87.56.B, 87.56.bg, 87.56.‐v


We describe improvements to a recently developed VNIR-SWIR atmospheric correction method for hyper- and multispectral imagery, dubbed QUAC (QUick Atmospheric Correction). It determines the atmospheric compensation parameters directly from the information contained within the scene using the observed pixel spectra. The newest implementation of QUAC is based on the assumption that the average reflectance of a collection of diverse material spectra, such as the endmember spectra in a scene, is effectively scene independent. This enables the retrieval of reasonably accurate reflectance spectra even when the sensor does not have a proper radiometric or wavelength calibration, or when the solar illumination intensity is unknown. The computational speed of the atmospheric correction method is significantly faster than for the first-principles methods, making it potentially suitable for real-time applications on aircraft and spacecraft. QUAC is applied to a diverse collection of hyper- and multispectral data sets and the results are compared to those obtained with the physics-based atmospheric correction code FLAASH (Fast Line of sight Atmospheric Analysis of Spectral Hypercubes).


This study was carried out to evaluate time-lapse (4D) production of hydrocarbon using some rock properties and attributes from available well logs and seismic data in a Niger Delta field. Various cross-plots were initially performed where results showed that Pimpedance, lambdarho density, poison's ratio and mu-rho attributes were more robust in terms of fluid and lithology discrimination as they exhibit high sensitivity to fluids within the reservoir while Vp/Vs ratio was poor attribute in fluid discrimination. Gassmann's fluid substitution analysis also showed that density, lambda-rho and P-impedance were more sensitive to oil and gas saturations.


Procedure to perform and verify subsequently substitutions and / or adjustments of mechanical components in an automatic packaging machine (1) during the reformatting, said machine (1) of a computerized unit (UCC, 2, D) being provided to verify and store instructions related to the operations necessary to adapt the machine to the size of articles to be processed, said operations including substitution of specific mechanical components and / or adjustment of the spatial positioning of specific mechanical components; the method being characterized by comprising: retrieving information elements relevant to the change in stored form in said unit (UCC, 2, D) and transferring said information elements to portable processing means and recording (3, E), being provided such portable means (3, E) with code reading means (8) for reading identifying codes (6a, 6b) asociadoscon said mechanical components; display in said portable means (3, E), a list of mechanical components to replace and / or components whose positioning must conform with relevant information elements for mechanical components.


The invention provides a compressor, heat exchange equipment and a running method of the compressor. The compressor comprises an upper flange, a lower flange, at least two gas cylinders, a rotating shaft assembly and a piston assembly; the at least two gas cylinders are sandwiched between the upper flange and the lower flange, and any two adjacent gas cylinders work independently; the rotating shaft assembly sequentially penetrates through the upper flange, the gas cylinders and the lower flange and comprises subsidiary rotating shafts in one-to-one correspondence with the at least two gas cylinders, axes of the subsidiary rotating shafts and axes of the gas cylinders corresponding to the subsidiary rotating shafts are arranged eccentrically, and the eccentric distance is fixed; the piston assembly comprises variable-volume cavities in one-to-one correspondence with the gas cylinders and can be arranged in the gas cylinders in a pivoted manner, and at least one subsidiary rotating shaft is in driving connection with the piston assembly to change the volume of the variable-volume cavities. The compressor is low in vibration, the volume change of the variable-volume cavities has a rule, and the clearance volume is reduced, so that the running stability and the working reliability of the compressor are improved.


Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous and complicated disease.Recently,it has been demonstrated that chronic inflammation participates in the pathphysiological progress of PCOS.Chromic inflammution is closely related with the initiation and progression of long-term complications of PCOS.The elevated levels of main chronic inflammatory cytokines,including C-reactive protein (CRP),Eumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α),Interleukins (IL) and Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1),are associated with insulin resistance in women with PCOS.

Key words:
Polycystic ovarian syndrome; Inflammatory factors; Insulin resistance


Lenses are typically mounted into precision machined barrels and constrained with spacers and retaining rings. The details of the interfaces between the metal and the glass are chosen to balance the accuracy of centration and axial position, stress in the glass, and the cost for production. This paper presents a systematic study of sharp edge, toroidal, and conical interfaces and shows how to control accuracy, estimate stress, and limit production costs. Results are presented from computer models, finite element simulations, and experimental testing.


Due to different disturbance conditions,the transient control strategy of photovoltaic pow er generation system is different,even for the same fault disturbance,because there are many types of inverters in photovoltaic pow er station and there control parameters are also different. In order to study the transient characteristics of large-scale photovoltaic pow er station,and avoid constructing detailed model for every kind of inverter,the equivalent model of photovoltaic pow er station needed to be established under disturbance. The equivalent models of photovoltaic phalanx group and photovoltaic inverter group w ere set up by using multiplier method. Through using the test data of photovoltaic pow er station simulation in Qinghai Haixi,the simulation validation and error analysis show that the proposed equivalent modeling method and mathematical model for photovoltaic inverter group are valid.


This paper proposes a combination of circuit and architectural techniques to maximize leakage power reduction in embedded processor on-chip caches. It targets cache peripheral circuits, which according to recent studies account for a considerable amount of cache leakage. At circuit level, we propose a novel design with multiple sleep modes for cache peripherals. Each mode represents a trade-off between leakage reduction and wakeup delay. Architectural control is proposed to decide "when and how" to use these different low-leakage modes using cache miss information to guide its action. This control is based on simple state machines that do not impact area or power consumption and can thus be used even in the resource constrained processors. Experimental results indicate that proposed techniques can keep the L1 cache peripherals in one of the low-power modes for more than 85% of total execution time, on average. This translates to an average leakage power reduction of 50% for 65nm technology. The DL1 cache energy-delay product is reduced, on average, by 20%.


The optimal possibilities and psychological risks of tecnologization in general education including primary one are revealed in the article. Psychological consequences and danger of formalization of educational process at the primary school stage are discovered. Some approaches to solving the problem of preventing negative consequences of formalization in educational process are denoted in the article.


BACKGROUND Wound healing on the legs may be complicated by delayed healing and other postoperative problems. Two potential postoperative wound care regimens for sutured excisions on the legs include a standard pressure dressing and zinc oxide compression dressings. Limited data exist comparing the efficacy of these 2 options. OBJECTIVE To compare outcomes of standard postoperative wound care dressing versus postoperative use of a zinc oxide compression dressings for sutured repairs on the legs. METHODS In this retrospective cohort study, healing time and complication rate of 44 patients treated with standard dressing and 36 patients treated with zinc oxide compression dressings were compared. RESULTS At 19 days, 91.7% of patients receiving zinc oxide dressing were fully healed, whereas only 65.9% of patients receiving standard wound care were healed. Complications were noted in 6 of the patients receiving standard dressing (13.6%); no complications occurred in the zinc oxide dressing group. CONCLUSION Zinc oxide compression dressings were a practical option for postoperative wound care, with decreased incidence of delayed wound healing, and fewer complications versus standard postoperative wound dressing.


Vertical Takeoff and Landing Systems (VTOLs) offer huge potential for various use cases. During the critical flight phases of takeoff and landing, a safe and reliable flight operation is crucial. This paper presents an autonomous precision takeoff and landing system based on thermal imaging. As thermal imaging is not affected by poor visibility, safe and reliable navigation is enabled. Inspired by visual approaches, a landing platform with thermal makers is developed. A downfacing thermal camera detects the landing platform and enables precision takeoff and landing. The proposed system is evaluated in simulation and in testflights with a motion capture system. Demonstrations in bad visual conditions prove the approach. A comparison to a previously developed radar-based precision takeoff and landing system is carried out.


PURPOSE: An abrupt collision between coil cars is prevented in an ACC line for transferring coil, and to deal with collision efficiently. CONSTITUTION: A coil collision preventing device is composed of a coil car, a dolly(12) connected to a connection pipe(14). A tow pin(13) is installed to the dolly to move the coil car. A rack and pinion(15) is installed to move the dolly. A tow pin detector is provided to detecting working state of the tow pin. A controller(18) receives signal from the tow pin detector to decide collision of coil cars. A monitor displays working condition of the tow pin.


The facile synthesis of well‐aligned, main‐chain liquid crystalline elastomers that retain the cholesteric phase (CLCEs) is reported. The selective reflection inherent to this phase is thermally tuned more than 200 nm in these solid films, across the visible spectrum. The optical response is directly correlated to thermomechanical expansion of the CLCE film thickness. The bandwidth of the selective reflection of the CLCEs is increased to more than 200 nm by the incorporation of photosensitive chiral dopants that introduce heterogeneity in the pitch distribution. The mirror‐like reflection of this CLCE film is also thermochromic, shifting from the visible to infrared. Reminiscent of cephalopods, when combined with the mechanical deformation of voxelated nematic liquid crystal elastomer, the thermochromic response of the CLCE produces solid‐state elements with concurrent variation of specular and diffuse reflectance. These results demonstrate distinctive potential opportunities for liquid crystal elastomers to control light enabling new application in textiles, optics, and architecture.


X-ray magnetic scattering from antiferromagnetic NiO single crystal was examined. Instead of the usual X-ray counter, a germanium solid state radiation detector in connection with 1024 multichannel-energy-analyzer was used in order to exclude higher order reflections. The magnetic super-lattice reflection from (1/2, 1/2, 1/2) and (3/2, 3/2, 3/2) was observed for CuKα, CoKα and FeKα radiations. The intensity of the super lattice reflections decreased when the crystal was heated over the Néel temperature, but did not disappear completely. This may be due to crystal distortion.


Purpose Cataract represents the main complication occuring after vitreoretinal surgery. The purpose is to present the main advantages and convenients due to combined procedures.

Methods Among the complications of vitrectomy, cataract represents the most common one as about 100% of patients will be operated within 5 years after initial surgery. However, surgeons have to face sometimes with severe complications when operating patient long time after vitreoretinal surgery. Combined procedures have become more and more popular especially for macular surgery.

Results The main pros and cons of combined surgery have to be considered: specific surgical complications, problems due to the internal tamponade, macular edema, cost… Combined procedures will probably become the standard procedure in vitreoretinal surgeries. The use of transconjunctival vitrectomy as well as MICS contributes to the easier post-operative follow-up of the patients.

Conclusion Combined surgery for vitreoretinal diseases will probably become the standard procedure due to the diffusion of transconjunctival surgery.


Purpose Targeting oncogenic driver mutations, such as sensitizing mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor gene (EGFR), signi�cantly improves the prognosis of patients with advanced non-squamous non-small-cell lung cancer (NS-NSCLC). As the number of genetic mutations that must be tested increases, the Oncomine Dx Target Test (ODxTT), which can simultaneously detect multiple cancer-related genes, is becoming the main test used, in preference to single-molecule testing. In this study, we evaluated the performance of ODxTT and cobas® EGFR Mutation Test v2 (cobas® EGFR), one of the single-molecule tests, in detecting EGFR mutations. with a guide TBLB, transbronchial lung biopsy; EBB, endobronchial biopsy; EBUS-TBNA, endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration; NOS, not otherwise speci�ed.


Depopulation in France. A Bill drafted by Dr. Lannelongue, countersigned by twenty eminent Frenchmen, has been introduced into the Senate with the object of ?Stemming the tide of depopulation in France. It is maintained by many authorities with a good show "of reason that the existing law fixing very narrow limits to a father's bequest to his children, and compelling him to leave something to each relative dependent upon him, has been probably the principal influence in favour of depopulation. This law, ^'hich compelled fathers to divide the estate, if they were blessed with more than one son or daughter, has proved in practice a considerable obstacle to families with more than one child. The Sill therefore provides for the cancellation of the existing law, so that parents shall have in future full freedom to bequeath their money as they wish. The Bill further provides that every man unmarried at the age of 29 will be called upon to fulfil extra periods of military service until he has been inscribed for 25 years on the active or reserve forces. No one will be retained in a State or municipal department if not married at 25, while every civil servant who is the father of three chikhen alive shall benefit by promotion and have in addition a bounty of ?8 yearly for each"child beyond the third ^hild. Civil servants will also enjoy a supplementary pension benefit of ?4 annually for each


The article presents the main facts from the biography and scientific activity of historian Stasys Matulaitis with a special focus on the final years of his life. Matulaitis' public speech delivered on 10 November 1950 in the Institute of History of the Academy of Sciences of the Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic which was targeted against the head of the institute Juozas Žiugžda as a falsifier of history is one of the examples of attempted resistance to the policy of control and indoctrination of historical memory undertaken by the totalitarian system. A former long-year Bolshevik and advocate of the Soviet system convinced in the rightness of his activities, Matulaitis took a critical approach towards his earlier position and became an unpersuadable opponent of the Soviet regime. The metamorphoses of Matulaitis' life reflect the dramatic changes of the epoch. The present article evaluates the evolution of Matulaitis' attitudes in the context of the attitudes of various other leftist intellectuals who admired Bolshevism for a certain period of time in their lives or leftist intellectuals who were simply sympathizing with the USSR towards Soviet regime and their disappointment with it. The article comes with some previously fully unpublished Matulaitis' texts of anti-Soviet content: the act of finding of anti- Soviet texts (Matulaitis' proclamation Citizens and Diary), written by the employees of the State Museum of History and Revolution of Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic, Matulaitis' Diary written at the end of 1950 and a proclamation Citizens as well as his anonymous letter to the editorial office of the newspaper Tiesa. Keywords: biography of Stasys Matulaitis, Soviet historiography, historian's relationship with the totalitarian regime, effect of ideology and censorship on the studies in history, the conflict in the Institute of History in 1950. Summary The article presents the main facts from the biography and scientific activity of historian Stasys Matulaitis with a special focus on the final years of his life. The twists and turns of the life of Stasys Matulaitis, a leftist by ideological orientation, were tightly linked with important events in Lithuania's public and political life. A personal, intellectual and political biography, which was influenced by those events and itself influenced them (as well as acted through them) encompassed the tension, drama and controversy that shaped the history of Lithuania of the second half of the 19th century–the first half of the 20th century. Certain little known (or barely known until recently) aspects of evolution of attitudes of Stasys Matulaitis as a historian and politician after World War II are especially noteworthy. Matulaitis' public speech delivered on 10 November 1950 in the Institute of History of the Academy of Sciences of the Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic targeted against the then head of the institute Juozas Siugžda as a falsifier of history is one of the examples of attempted resistance to the policy of control and indoctrination of historical memory undertaken by the totalitarian system. A former long-year Bolshevik and advocate of the Soviet system, Matulaitis took a critical approach towards his earlier position and became an unpersuadable opponent of the Soviet regime. The strong personality, especially productive on the creative dimension, would often draw the attention of nearly all governments within whose jurisdiction he lived owing to his peculiar and independent positions, which he had no fear of demonstrating in public. The final conflict with the representatives of the official government in Lithuania under the Soviet occupation, which occurred at the end of 1950 in the Institute of History, Matulaitis being its certain "guilty party", could easily come to a tragic end for him. He succeeded in avoiding another arrest and deportation; however, he spent the last years of his life in a state of constant nervous tension and in straitened circumstances. The documents enclosed to this article do not only reflect the personal opinion and experiences of their author; in addition to his resentment against the system of that time, they contain rather accurate characteristics and facts which were about to fall into oblivion. The metamorphoses of Matulaitis' life reflect the dramatic changes of the epoch. The present article evaluates the evolution of Matulaitis' attitudes in the context of the attitudes of various other leftist intellectuals who admired Bolshevism for a certain period of time in their lives or leftist intellectuals who were simply sympathizing with the USSR towards Soviet regime and their disappointment with it. The article somes with previously fully unpublished Matulaitis' texts of anti-Soviet content: the act of finding of anti-Soviet texts (Matulaitis' proclamation Citizens and Diary), written by the employees of the State Museum of History and Revolution of Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic, Matulaitis' Diary written at the end of 1950 and a proclamation Citizens as well as his anonymous letter to the editorial office of the newspaper Tiesa. DOI:  http://dx.doi.org/10.15823/istorija.2015.24


As demonstrated in the present work, the surface irregularity of diamond turned aluminum surfaces can be improved by a magnetorheological finishing process (MRF). The removal behavior of rapidly solidified Al6061 (RSA Al6061) based on standard MR fluids and adapted finishing parameters is investigated. Typical polishing functions (spots) and resulting removal rates are described. The material removal for an iterative figure correction is discussed versus the surface micro-roughness characteristics. The given micro-roughness values (rms) are related to the spatial frequency range: f ~ (10-2500) 1/mm which are relevant in terms of stray light requirements for the mentioned optical applications. Results are given for representative components. The effectivity of the approach is shown on mirrors for a cryogenic application.