The present invention relates to an unbraced expanded steel-cored aluminum stranded wire, belonging to the technical field of overhead transmission lines. The unbraced expanded steel-cored aluminum stranded wire is suitable for severe using environments such as high voltage, high altitude and bold wind and has the characteristics of saved material, reduced corona, reduced energy consumption, reduced vibration and prolonged service life. The unbraced expanded steel-cored aluminum stranded wire comprises an outer aluminum stranded wire layer, a hollow structure layer and a center reinforced steel stranded wire, wherein the hollow structure layer is arranged between the outer aluminum stranded wire layer and the center reinforced steel stranded wire. The hollow structure layer is annular. The outer aluminum stranded wire layer is composed of an inner aluminum conduction wire layer and an outer aluminum conduction wire layer. The inner aluminum conduction wire layer uses a T-shaped wire; and the outer aluminum conduction wire layer uses a T shaped wire, a Z-shaped wire, an S-shaped wire or a round wire. The inner aluminum conduction wire layer of the outer aluminum stranded wire is stranded leftwards, and the outer aluminum conduction wire layer of the outer aluminum stranded wire is stranded rightwards. The unbraced expanded steel-cored aluminum stranded wire is an expanded conduction wire with the characteristics of large expanding rate, stable structure, simple manufacturing process, high tensile strength of the conduction wire, and excellent self-damping performance.


The various substituted pyrimidinoimidazolinones have been synthesized and evaluated for their antimicrobial activity. Structure of these products have been established by IR and 1 H NMR data . Significant antimicrobial activity was observed for some members of the series.


The evolution of the semiconductor industry has enforced the growth in design automation sector of electronic circuits. The analog circuit design automation is not as mature as its digital counterpart owing to low level of abstraction and complexity. In this paper, a multiobjective hybrid of whale optimization algorithm (WOA) and modified grey wolf optimization (mGWO) algorithm is presented to design and optimize CMOS analog circuits. The combined properties of WOA and mGWO algorithms with enhanced exploration ability helps in improving the efficiency of the optimization process. The superiority of the multiobjective WOA-mGWO algorithm is demonstrated by comparing the simulation results with conventional algorithms. This algorithm is used to design two stage CMOS operational amplifier. The design parameters are optimized to obtain pareto fronts by satisfying the design constraints. The multiobjective optimization algorithm provides a freedom for the designer to chose from a varied set of results incorporating the tradeoffs in analog circuit design.


SUMMARY ring, maturity, and oil content showed high heritability values of 98.65%, 98.56%, 98.38%, 96.03% and 95.72%, respectively. Seed yield was positively correlated with all traits studied. Path coefficient analysis revealed that first flower had the highest positive direct effect on seed yield followed by seed per capitulum, 100-achene weight complete flower, and head diameter, while 50% flower had the greatest negative direct effect on seed yield.


The present study was conducted to examine metabolic risk factors and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of Korean females living in Seoul and to investigate the relationship between the metabolic risk factors and serum TAC. A total of 353 females aged between 20 and 64 participated in the study. Obesity indicators, blood pressure, serum lipid profile and fasting blood glucose were measured as metabolic risk factors. Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay was employed to determine serum TAC of subjects. Obesity indicators such as body mass index, waist circumference and waist-hip ratio were significantly higher in the participants aged ≥ 50 y (older group) than in the participants aged 20-49 y (younger group) (p < 0.001). Blood pressure, serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and fasting blood glucose were also significantly higher in the older group than in the younger group (p < 0.001), demonstrating significant positive correlations between age and MS risk factors. The association between FRAP and MS risk factors were also investigated. FRAP values showed significant positive correlations with age (p = 0.001), serum TG (p = 0.002) and TC (p = 0.03). A tendency of positive association between FRAP and waist circumference was observed without any significant difference (p = 0.06). Increased serum FRAP with central obesity and serum lipids may be interpreted as results of activation of antioxidant defense system against oxidative stress induced by metabolic syndrome (MS) constituent factors. However, to verify the function of FRAP as a potential biomarker of susceptibility to MS various contributors to the plasma antioxidant capacity and their biological relevance related to MS should be elucidated further. (Korean J Community Nutrition 13(1) : 91~99, 2008)


The language in media stories surrounding the high drama of juvenile and youth crime is very alarmist and continues to fuel political debates and demands for tougher penalties rather than the proverbial slap on the wrist for young offenders. Further there are fear discourse elements that suggest that for some politicians cited in the daily news cycle as being "out of control". In opposition to this fear and alarmist discourse in the notion that the media news cycle highlights youth crime for its sensationalist perspectives and poor reporting of youth courts and their judgments in such matters. A comprehensive discourse analysis of youth crime reporting may suggest that media must take the blame for some of the inappropriate focus on youth crime as being selective. This yearlong study suggests that the public need more information to see for themselves whether the current moves and political debates need to be reviewed and refreshed. In addition, family supports are a signal to consider as presented by expert authorities involved in decision making and reporting.


We adapt some decision theorems about treewidth to the branchwidth and use this theorems to prove that the branchwidth of circular-arc graphs can be computed in polynomial time. Nous adaptons des de d´ecision sur les d´ecompositions en Nous utilisons ensuite faire


The role of data compression within a printer pipeline is studied. Hardcopy image compression poses a unique challenge due to the presence of halftoned data used to render continuous tone images on limited resolution devices. We present a quantitative comparison of the compressibility of several halftone patterns. The performance of a variety of lossless and lossy compression algorithms is evaluated. We also address the effect that certain image processing operations, like scaling and enhancement, have on the compression performance.


In a recent article published in MEG, Kuder objected to the methodology that has been followed in comparative studies of the SVIB and the Kuder OIS, Form DD. He suggested that an appropriate method...


In this research, natural dyne of chlorophyll extracted from papaya leaf is used as sensitizer to fabricate dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC). Extracting solvent from hot water and methanol are used to observe the most effective method and dye ability. UVVis measurement is carried out to observe the optical properties of papaya extract. From UV-Vis absorption spectrum, band gap energies are investigated.


The article presents the concept of maintenance strategy based on state variables and the relationship between state evaluation and maintenance strategy.The index system of state evaluation,quantization scheme of loss caused by device faults,risk assessment method for running devices as well as maintenance strategy based on risk level are proposed in accordance with the characteristics of automatic safety stabilizing devices.Ultimately,the practicability of the scheme is demonstrated via example calculation of actual operation system.


In one decade few main cities of Albania experienced a doubling of their population density, creating a number of serious constraints to sustainable development. With the new territorial division no bright future is ahead for the inhabitants of those cities. New local administration will orient its focus and efforts to the existing urban settlements as the legal framework is clearer for offering such services to urban population. This study intends to make a depiction of local government challenges and efforts for accomplishing its tasks of serving the citizens and on the other hand create the right foundations/infrastructure for the development of the city. Therefore the major concern of the study is to investigate the effective use by the Local government units of the Infrastructure Impact Tax as an instrument for regulating the infrastructural planning and development in a city. DOI: 10.5901/ajis.2016.v5n1p343


This chapter proposes a framework for approaching the theological significance of rhythm through phenomenology, prosody, and the social sciences. In accordance with the general categories of phenomenology established by Merleau-Ponty and the "rhythmanalysis" of Henri Lefebvre, the chapter investigates two experiences of rhythm: approaches to analysing the human encounter with rhythm in the reading of poetry and the role of rhythm in social interactions introduced through commonalities between rhythm in conversation and in jazz performance. These explorations establish two features of rhythm that are of analytical importance for the chapters that follow: (1) the synchronic and the diachronic as two necessary but distinct theoretical perspectives on rhythm, each of which emphasizes different features of rhythm and (2) the importance of interruption for understanding rhythm's significance.


Radiolabeled peptide with F-18, hydroxylamine group, thiosemicarbazide group, is prepared by reacting a peptide with 4- [18 Specific non-limiting examples of F-18 radiolabeling peptides have been described herein. Labeled peptides are useful, for example, in clinical positron emission tomography.


Cold In-depth Recycling (CIR) of asphalt pavements is an environmentally friendly technique implemented worldwide for the rehabilitation of damaged road pavements. The current paper deals with the monitoring of the early life performance of pavements recycled using the CIR technique through the implementation of mainly Non-Destructive Tests (NDT). In order to achieve this goal the Laboratory of Highway Engineering of the National Technical University of Athens (NTUA) undertook a field experiment on a heavy-duty pavement recycled using foamed asphalt as a stabilization treatment. The investigation is based on measurements taken along a trial section of a rehabilitated highway that is part of the Trans European Network (TEN), using both the Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) and Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR). Data analysis results seem to indicate that the in-situ calculated critical strains, as well as the backcalculated moduli appear to be promising criteria to reflect the performance of CIR pavements. GPR data is possible be used for such analysis purposes without a significant deviation in accuracy in comparison with core thickness data. Detailed findings are included and discussed in the present paper.


Indoor localization has been researched widely in the recent two decades due to its wide range of applications such as navigation, elder care, advertising. This work presents a utilization of indoor positioning for a location-based smart notification purposed, deployed in a meeting room booking application. Our localization method is based on Wi-Fi fingerprint, tailored to our application needs to alleviate the drawback of its tedious offline phase. The initial implementation is done with limited number of recorded locations. The testing shows that the meeting room booking application works well, with the localization detecting user's location correctly aside from when poor signal condition occurs.


Lignin is an aromatic heteropolymer forming a physical barrier and it is a big challenge in biomass utilization. This paper first investigated lignin‐degradation bacteria from rotten wood in Qinling Mountain.


Purpose: The modern city with its complex structure and dynamics is an important part of the tourist space, which has become especially attractive for travelers who tirelessly exploring the cultural heritage. Hotels, restaurants, amusement parks and other tourist infrastructure actively invading the urban environment changed the usual composition of the city. During the trip, tourists buy not only goods and services, they perceive the image of the city as a synthesis of impressions from the movement in the urban space, exploring it from different points of view, at different times of the day and in different seasons.
Methodology: To assess the impact of environmental factors on the activities of catering enterprises of the Belgorod region and the quality of customer service, the authors proposed a method using STEP-analysis and SWOT-analysis. The analysis of environmental factors was carried out on the basis of the expert evaluation results conducted in two stages.
Result: In tourism, the food infrastructure acts as an important element of entertainment and knowledge of local culture. Food is not just a common need of every person; tourists see it as entertainment and pleasure. Food of different peoples and even areas is usually very peculiar, so attractive to tourists. Catering infrastructure as an integral part of the hospitality industry should have a significant potential for adaptability, providing an opportunity for catering enterprises to respond quickly to frequent changes in the situation of the unstable tourism market, as well as to comply with the requirements of the destination brand.
Applications: This research can be used for universities, teachers, and students.
Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of The Infrastructure of Public Catering In the Context of Tourist City Space Development is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner.


In Study 1, elementary school children were classified according to the directionality with which they related temporal order to spatial position. The majori ty of kindergarten children appeared to have already established a consistent left-to right (L-R) or right-to-left (R-L) bias. The frequency of L-R organizers increased with increases in grade level. For grades kingergarten and 1, boys were significantly more likely to be L-R oriented than were girls. The results are consistent with the no tion that L-R organizational tendencies are strengthened by training in reading, but they suggest that neither reading-related habits nor left-hemisphere specialization for language function determines children's initial directional biases. Study 2 showed that a child's ability to learn the spatial order of a series of items can be relatively facilitated or retarded, respectively, by imposing a directional orientation that is in accord with or counter to his or her directional bias. These results are consistent with the traditional hypothesis that an inappropriate directional approach may retard the development of word-recognition ability among young readers.


Systematics of the vertical-barmvertical-bar=1 population probability P/sub 1/ of /sup 24/Mg(2/sup +/) in the reaction /sup 24/Mg(/sup 13/C,/sup 13/C')/sup 24/Mg(2/sup +/) were studied using the coupled channels formalism. It was found that P/sub 1/ is sensitive only to the parameters of the spin-orbit potential and is determined essentially by the magnitude and the shape of the spin-orbit potential in the region of the strong absorption radius. The data require a significantly larger spin-orbit potential than that given by the folding model.


It has been noted that without the appropriate adverbial modification some passive participles are not acceptable in the attributive position in English: e.g. *a found suitcase, *a killed young man, *a built apartment block, as opposed to some passive participles that are not subject to this restriction: e.g. an abandoned village, a complicated man, the needed discipline. The assumption that identification of categorial status can be better seen at the level of larger constituents, has led us to propose some distributional diagnostic tests to confirm whether they retain their verbal force or have achieved their adjectival status in English, when used in the attributive position. Since their morphological form has not proved to be reliable for identification of their category, we have proposed to test them by classifying the types of adverbs enabling some of the passive participles to be used attributively. Given that the same adverbs can modify both, adjectives and verbs, we have focused on the classification of degree adverbs pre-modifying passive participles attributively used. The tests proposed in this paper may show that the open class degree adverbs that modify passive participles in both, attributive and predicative distribution do not fall into the single class but split up into the subclasses: degree adverbs/intensifiers and adverbs of measure/quantity modifying passive participles in attributive and predicative function, respectively. Since passive participles, too, may have different interpretation and either adjectival or verbal/passive reading when used as attributes, the open class degree adverbs are tested at the level of participial phrase used attributively within the NP. The examples were 1 Filozofski fakultet Univerziteta u Zenici, Odsjek za engleski jezik i književnost, email@example.com Rad autora je dostavljen 27. 10 e 9. 12. 2013. godine.


foreign policy priorities, the terrorist attacks on New York and Washington of 11 September 2001 resulted only in the small and predictable change that the fight against terror and the spread of weapons of mass destruction were explicitly mentioned as forming one of the specific foreign policy priorities within the new foreign policy agenda published by the Danish government in 2003. The mention was relatively brief and the tools traditional: the European Union was seen as the central forum for fighting terrorism (in close cooperation with the UN and the United States), and the United Nations as the key instrument in preventing the spread of nuclear weapons (Government of Denmark, 2003: 20–21). In 2004, this was followed up by a government report on terrorism underlining the continued importance of the UN, the EU and NATO (Government of Denmark, 2004). However, if we look instead at Danish security policy actions after 11 September 2001 and their match with Denmark's traditional role as a country with a typical 'Nordic' foreign policy profile that underlines the importance of peaceful conflict resolution, international law and the United Nations, the effect of 9/11 on Danish security policy seems to have been much more dramatic. Denmark was a cosignatory of the 'Letter of Eight' in January 2003 supporting the US position on Iraq and effectively undermining the prospects for any common EU position on the issue, and it subsequently joined the US-led coalition in Iraq despite a lack of authorization from the UN Security Council. Moreover, the Danish government has consistently supported the invasion of Iraq and the ensuing efforts by the United States to fight Iraqi insurgents. Even though human rights concerns have been central to Danish foreign policy in the post-Cold War era, the government's critique of the US policy of keeping prisoners at the US military base at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, has been relatively mild and low-key. In sum, these actions all seem to point to a radical shift in Danish foreign policy in the wake of 9/11. Despite official statements, the current Danish foreign policy cannot be viewed simply as a continuation of traditional priorities. However, at the same time, the change is neither as recent nor as dramatic as it may seem at first when looking at security policy actions after 9/11. The shift has been in the making since the end of the Cold War, but the events of and since 11 September 2001 have changed its implications and presented Danish foreign policy decisionmakers with a dilemma between a European and a US approach to pursuing their most important security policy priorities. Special Section: European Security and Transatlantic Relations in the Age of International Terrorism: Challenges for the Nordic Countries


[Objective] The aim was to breed new good onion varieties with high yield by using laser mutation. [Method] With Japanese yellow-peel onion "96203" as breeding materials, the wet seeds of "96203" were exposed to CO2 laser at five different dosages of 2, 5, 8, 11, 13 s, resp. A new yellow-peel onion variety "Changji 07-9" with high yield, high quality, multi-resistance and stronger adaptability was bred out from the variation progenies of "96203" irradiated by laser, and regional tests and production tests were carried out. [Result] The growth period of the yellow onion "Changji 07-9" was 197 d and the early bolting rate was 8.9%. "Changji 07-9" had the characteristics of strong growth potential, spicy tasteless, good quality, larger bulb, high yield, strong resistance and long storage without bulb separation. It got the yield of 176437.5 kg/hm^2 through acceptance on the spot by the expert team, which was the highest yield of yellow-peel onion accepted formally by experts in China. [Conclusion] The yellow onion "Changji 07-9" had the characteristics of high yield, strong resistance and long storage, which was suitable to be extended in large area in places such as Xichang.


Mohs provides a method for producing a field effect transistor. The method comprises the steps of forming gate spacers on side walls of the gate pattern and then forming a gate pattern on a semiconductor substrate comprising a first region and a second region. Then, to form a first impurity region in a semiconductor substrate of the first region, and forming a second impurity region in the semiconductor substrate to remove the exposed gate spacers in the first region, the first region. Then, the semiconductor substrate to the second area 3 to form a fourth impurity region of the semiconductor substrate after removal of the gate spacers are formed the impurity region and exposed at the second region, the second region. The first and the third impurity region is formed deeper than each of the second and the fourth impurity region.


Hostility is thought by some researchers to be a correlate of depressive symptoms and by others to be a risk factor for depression. Previous studies of longitudinal trends in depression and hostility suggest that hostility confers risk for depression, but each such study used demographically restricted samples. In contrast, this study seeks to examine longitudinal trends in depression and hostility using a large sample of Americans exhibiting clinically relevant levels of depressive symptomatology. Data from the second and third waves of the National Survey of Families and Households (NSFH) were analyzed using structural equation modeling to explore longitudinal relationships between hostility and depression among American adults exhibiting elevated depressive symptomatology during at least one wave of interest (N = 2044). For the current sample, the hostility and depression measures used in the NSFH were found to exhibit measurement invariance both across the second and third waves of measurement and also across male and female groups of participants. Correlations between hostility and depression were significant and positive at each wave of measurement in all specified models, supporting the idea that hostility represents an intraepisodic feature of depression for many. Hostility levels at one time point, however, did not predict depressive symptoms at a later time point, failing to support the notion that hostility confers risk for the later development of depression. The present findings have implications for understanding heterogeneity in clinical presentations of depression and diagnostic criteria for depression. The current findings are also discussed with consideration of the cognitive theory of depression posited by Beck as well as the cognitive specificity


In this paper, we concentrate on the problem of routing and bandwidth assignment in GMPLS networks. We proposed a new restoration routing algorithm in GMPLS networks with optimized bandwidth. In this new algorithm, we consider multiple network optimizing objectives to setup a LSP with maximize profit and shortest path under the limited resources. By comparing and analyzing with the traditional algorithm, it is much better than the algorithm, which only considers one optimizing objective. In practice it is enough to find a solution, which does not use more bandwidth than the available technology allows


Today, the latest technological developments in the field of hardware, software, production and presentation of 3D digital models provide various opportunities to ensure people's access to cultural heritage. Photogrammetry, 3D digital modeling, 3D printing, augmented reality and web-based presentation technologies provide significant advantages in terms of improving user interaction in relation to cultural assets. In this study, based on photogrammetric model, 3D printing, augmented reality and web-based visualization of cultural heritage in the context of an innovative approach for applications and workflow by improving user-centric virtual, immersive and interactive experience that is intended to maintain. The results of the study have shown that the synergy of 3D printing, augmented reality and web-based visualization provides a great opportunity for interactive experience and detailed exploration of cultural heritage. The study makes valuable contributions to human-innovative technology interaction for the protection of cultural heritage, its transfer to future generations and its virtual accessibility.


【Objective】In order to know the distribution of TSH and incidence of congintal hypothroid newborns in Guangxi provinces,and study the cutoff for newborn screen.【Method】The dates of newborn screen centre of Guangxi Zhuang Autoumous Region were analyzed,which was about 270 590 neonatals,and calculated the TSH cutoff by percent and ROC curve,then,analyzed the complexion of sufferers by different cutoff.【Results】The distribution of newborn screen was deflection,P50 was 1.89 mU/L,P99 was 8.13 mU/L,combined with ROC curve,the cutoff of our lab was 8.1 mU/L.【Conclusion】Different cutoff effect the consequences of newborn screen.To establish establish the suitable cutoff based on lab is important.


 "… NGOs today operate in a different, and often more hostile, political environment than was true for the 1990s, despite continuing high levels of public trust and government funding. This largely applies to NGOs in their roles as advocates and watchdogs… [now], unlike ten years ago, weaknesses in NGO accountability are being used as cover for political attacks against voices that certain interests wish to silence." (Edwards, 2006, pp. vii-viii)


We demonstrate that ferroferric-oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles exhibit nonlinear saturable absorption property at 1.55 μm, and fabricate two filmy saturable absorbers by embedding the nanoparticles into a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film or polyimide (PI) film separately. In the Fe3O4-PVA (Fe3O4-PI) Q-switched fiber laser, the pulse repetition rate increases from 8.5 kHz (5.5 kHz) to 28 kHz (49 kHz) and the pulse duration decreases from 23.5 μs (47 μs) to 6 μs (3.5 μs) by varying the pump power from 25 mW (23 mW) to 150 mW (650 mW). Experiment results indicate that PI-based saturable absorbers can afford larger powers than PVA-based saturable absorbers, which can be attributed to the higher fusion point of the PI film. The Fe3O4-PI saturable absorber exhibits features of high damage threshold, low cost, and good flexibility, which could be applied in fields of near-infrared pulse generation and frequency conversions.


Partial isothermal sections of the Al–Pd–Ru phase d iagram at 1000 and 1100°C are presented. The Al–Pd orthorhombic ε-phases dissolve up to ~15.5 at.% Ru, Al 13Ru4 <2.5 at.% Pd and Al2Ru up to 1 at.% Pd. Between 65 and 80 at.% of Al ternary quasiperiodic icosahedral phase and four cubic phases were reveal d. An additional complex cubic structure with a ≈ 3.96 nm was found to be formed at compositions clo se to those of the icosahedral phase.


The objective of this research is to examine the impact of investment
growth towards the relationship between equity value, earnings, and equity book
value in Indonesia. Furthermore, the researcher adds two variables on this
relation: profitability and firm size.
This research focus on manufacturing companies listed in Indonesia Stock
Exchange for the period of 2008 until 2011. The research data collected from
companies financial statement and the closing share price at the end offiscal year
from Yahoo! Finance. with purposive sampling method, the researcher obtained
316 observations.
From the regression analysis, the result shows several conclusions. First,
on profitability region, it shows that the effect becomes bigger on the higher
profitability region. These findings are consistent to Abbas, et al (2013). But, both
on growth and firm size, the results reveal that a higher (smaller) firm has a
stronger relationship between equity value, earnings, and equity book value. It
shows that investment growth proxy used in this study might not good enough to
explain the market share price of a firm. Same with growth variable, firm size
variable also shows that a bigger firm does not have a stronger relationship
between equity value, earnings, and equity book value.
Keywords: Investments Growth, Equity Value, Earnings, Equity Book Value,
Profitability, Firm Size.


Network monitoring is an important one in network security attack and anti-attack technology.This paper discusses the basic theory of Network monitor,and analyzes the leak of the ARP protocol,and raises an example to discuss the basic theory of the ARP Spoofing and comes out the recovery mode to ARP Spoofing.


The continuous monitoring of the atmosphere and solar energy from space through Earth observation (EO)-based systems and relevant services is critical for the sustainable yield of renewable resources, as well as in human-health-related emerging technologies. In the framework of GEO initiatives and networking platforms (e.g. H2020 GEO-CRADLE), we exploited and produced added value solar energy related products and services with direct links to the GEOSS portal. The provided data are based on the synergy of Copernicus data and the Solar Energy Nowcasting SystEm (SENSE) pilot. To this direction, we introduce long-term (15 years) databases of solar power and energy in terms of global horizontal (GHI) and direct normal irradiance (DNI) and in high spatial resolution (3 km) for the region of Greece. These climatological outputs are complemented by an operational and real-time monitoring service of the solar energy potential in high temporal frequency (5-15 min). Simultaneously, we present agricultural-related databases of the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), in support to the local decision makers and relevant public authorities. Therefore, such EO data will be able to assist various scientific communities dealing with atmospheric studies, crop production, efficient solar energy exploitation and control of the electricity balancing and distribution.


Immersive technologies such as virtual reality have enabled novel forms of education and training, where students can learn new skills in simulated environments. But some specialized training procedures, e.g. ESA-certified soldering, still involve real-world physical processes with physical lab equipment. Such training sessions require students to travel to teaching labs and may interrupt everyday commitments for a longer period of time. There is a desire to make such training procedures more accessible remotely while keeping any student-to-teacher interaction natural, personal, and engaging. This paper presents a prototype for a remote teaching use case by rendering 3D photorealistic representations into the Augmented Reality (AR) glasses of a student. The teacher is captured with a modular RGBD capture application integrated into a web-based immersive communication platform. The integration offers multiple real-time capture calibration and rendering configurations. Our modular platform allows for an easy evaluation of different technical constraints as well as easy testing of the use case itself. Such evaluation may include a direct comparison of different 3D point-cloud and mesh rendering techniques. Additionally, the overall system allows immersive interaction between the student and the teacher, including augmented text messages for non-intrusive notifications. Our platform offers an ideal testbed for both technical and user-centered immersive communication studies.


150 AbstractTrait theory is a major approach to the study of human personality. Personality is the branch of psychology which is concerned with providing a systematic account of the ways by which we can differentiate one-another. Individuals differ from one another in a variety of ways: their anatomical and physiognomic characteristics, their personal appearance, grooming, manner of dress, their social backgrounds, roles and other demographic characteristics, their effect on others or social stimulus value and their temporary states, moods, attitudes and activities at any given moment in time.. In this paper we have designed a system that takes text input and returns the author's trait accordingly. Since human tendencies are largely dependent on environmental and situational consistencies, we have considered five different traits in our identification. These are High Extrovert, Low Extrovert, High Introvert, Low Introvert and Ambivert. Our algorithm refines the author's text under eight different properties. The text undergoes POS tagger where each word is assigned a tag. After analyzing the tag we generate Feature Vector matrix (FVM), we use this FVM for our analysis as well as for the classification. We have applied our proposed algorithm on different 280 files. These files are also annotated by human. We compare the result got from human annotation and proposed algorithm and we found that the accuracy of our algorithm is 84.26%.


In this article the causes of false accounts in listed companies are analyzed from six aspects.It is held that, although drawing up a false account in listed companies is droven by benefit, it is closely related to our present unsound supervisory rules and system over stock markets and unstandard operation of other participators on stock markets, including such intermediary organs as stock company and accounting firm.It is also pointed out that , in order to eliminate the problem of false accounts in listed companies, the external restraint on them should be strengthened by perfecting the supervisory rules and regulations on the basis of improving the management system of incorporated companies.


The ballastless plate girder bridge, classified as a structure type that requires an emergent replacement among domestic railway bridges, generally tends to upgrade to a ballasted track along with continuous welded rail (CWR). The axial forces of the CWR due to the temperature change need to be distributed to the bridge foundations. Because most of the existing ballastless plate girder bridges of over 50 years of age do not provide any design information, such bridge foundations are regarded as unknown foundations, and therefore, it is crucial to identify the structural adequacy and dimension. In this study, an effort was made to establish a correlation between the standard penetration test (SPT) and mid-size pneumatic cone penetration test (MPCP) to estimate the load bearing capacity of an unknown foundation. A field test was conducted to estimate the depth of the unknown foundation by employing SPT and MPCP as the source wave part. The magnitude of the shear wave was mitigated by the presence of PVC and steel pipes, such that it might be possible to identify the embedment depth of unknown foundations.


OBJECTIVE
To analyze the in-hospital mortality and factors affecting in-hospital mortality for patients with transposition of the great arteries (TGA) undergoing arterial switch operation (ASO).

METHODS
Between January 2004 and December 2007, ASO was performed in 169 patients [129 male, 40 female; mean age (11.71 ± 26.3) months] with TGA. The patients were divided in intact ventricular septum group (n = 56): TGA with intact ventricular septum and ventricular septal defect group (n = 113): TGA with ventricular septal defect. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the risk factors of in-hospital mortality.

RESULTS
The overall in-hospital mortality was 11.24% (19/169). The yearly in-hospital mortality was similar between intact ventricular septum group and ventricular septal defect group. With the improvement of perioperative treatment, the in-hospital mortality decreased from 16.67% in 2004 to 3.92% in 2007. The multivariate analysis revealed that body weight ≤ 3 kg (OR: 4.571, P = 0.0409), complicating ventricular septal defect (OR: 4.444, P = 0.0406), complex TGA (OR: 4.321, P = 0.0140), coronary anomalies (OR: 4.867, P = 0.0104) and non-type A coronary arteries (OR: 3.045, P = 0.0243) were independent predictors for poor early postoperative survival.

CONCLUSION
Body weight ≤ 3 kg, complicating ventricular septal defect, complex TGA, coronary anomalies are independent predictors for increased in-hospital mortality in patients with transposition of TGA and undergoing arterial switch operation.


Abstract A brief review is given on the use of ultrasonic techniques for the detection of cracks in metallic tubes. A new approach utilizing the interference between waves scattered from a crack and the one directly transmitted is described, and some results obtained for the detection of slots machined on the tube surface are presented.


Cystic fibrosis is a clinical entity with multiple representations. Despite acquired knowledge, there is still unknown information about this disease. We tried to define the relationship between classes of mutations and clinical manifestations. We also tried to structure clinical manifestations depending on the most commonly found mutations, not minimizing intervention of environmental factors and modifier genes. We found that patients from the same family with the same mutation had different clinical manifestations, thus highlighting intervention of environmental factors and modifier genes. Diagnosis of cystic fibrosis is not easy because there are sometimes symptoms blurred, sometimes suggestive, but support the diagnosis by laboratory methods is not always possible. It is important that this condition be diagnosed as early as possible, even at birth, in order to prevent complications of the disease.


Cases of blood chimerism are the ones which pose difficulty in detection or diagnosis and at times they might misguide the investigation. Blood chimera happens when twins exchange bloodstem cells. Some times there may not be any history in a chimera proband which is suggestive of twin pregnancy, rarely even DNA analysis may not detect these chimeras resulting in misjudging the truth.


In this paper, we study the tunneling induced optical bistability (OB) in a quantum dot (QD)-metallic nanoparticle (MNP) hybrid system via surface plasmon effects. We realized that in the presence of the tunneling effect, OB arises when the probe light is parallel to the major axis of the hybrid system. We realized the threshold of OB can be controlled by controlling the distance parameter between the QD and MNP. For appropriate distance between the QD and MNP, we find that optical multistability (OM) appears in the system. We find that the threshold of OM can be adjusted when we consider the radius effect of the MNP, respectively.


An adaptive simulated annealing algorithm for RF integrated circuit design and optimization reduces the number of iterations required to find acceptable solutions, and a tunneling technique increases the probability of escaping from local minima. A post-optimization design centering method identifies robust solutions including process, voltage and temperature variations, and is shown to be orders of magnitude more efficient than conventional Monte Carlo simulation approaches in identifying a robust design with high manufacturing yield.


In this paper, a comprehensive thermodynamic analysis of the triple‐effect absorption‐refrigeration system using ammonia‐water solution is carried out in order to investigate the effect of different operating conditions on the coefficient of performance (COPs) and rate of heat input to the system. It is found that both energetic and exergetic COPs vary from 0.31 to 1.867 and 0.165 to 0.964, respectively, as the inlet temperature to the high‐temperature generator (HTG), cooling load, and concentration of the strong solution are increased, while the rate of heat input varies from 65.5 to 71.5%. Moreover, increase in the mixture exit temperature from the HTG, concentration of the weak solution, and mass flow rate result in the variation of energetic and exergetic COPs from 2.49 to 0.68 and 1.0 to 0.23, respectively, which results in the change of rate of heat input from 7.1 to 28.5 kW. When the outdoor temperature is increased, the exergetic COP varies from 0.43 to 1.23. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The emergence of the phenomenon of identity politics, money politics, primordialism and political pragmatism that emerged as a consequence of the direct democratic system turned out to be different from the basic goal of implementing Pancasila democracy. This is what prompted the preparation of this manuscript


In this paper, a SIRS epidemic model with immunization on sparsely distributed regular lattice is proposed. Based on the model, we research the effects of immunized rate, crowd-density, spread efficiency and moving activity of agents on disease spread. The theoretical analysis and analog simulation indicate that immunization can increase the spreading threshold. Besides, there is a critical threshold which is related to spread efficiency and crowd-density in this model. Only the product of spread efficiency and crowd density is beyond the threshold, can the disease spread in crowd continuously and steadily. Our research also shows that moving activity of agents can promote the disease spread.


Noise barriers are commonly used to protect communities from transportation noise. In the present study, three types of barriers, modeled as half planes, have been tested in the laboratory: a conventional rigid barrier with a straight top edge, a straight top edge barrier covered with sound absorbing material, and a rigid barrier with a jagged top edge. Measurements were taken not just behind the barriers, but around them on a plane perpendicular to their top edge. Measured signals were compared against theoretical predictions contributing to further validation of a theoretical model. The sound absorbing material was found to affect the diffracted field more in the front of the barrier than behind it. The diffracted field in front of a jagged edge barrier, similar to the field behind it, was found to depend on the geometry of the edge in the area where the shortest diffraction path intersects the edge profile. Last, the performance of the three barriers was compared with one another in all areas around the barrier. It was found that the jagged edge barrier provides shielding similar to the sound absorbing barrier but at a fraction of the cost.


Chronic proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use is a major health economics issue in the UK. NICE recommends that patients with nonulcer dyspepsia and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease should receive the lowest dose of medication necessary to control symptoms.


Communication scholars frequently invoke the concept of a marketplace of ideas during discussions about speechmaking, the diversity of media content and voices, and related First Amendment issues. They invoke it less often during intramural discussions of how specific concepts and perspectives, or our research agendas as a whole, have evolved over the years. Yet communication research does operate in a marketplace of ideas that is the quintessential laissez-faire market. The role of our journals is to create a market for the ideas advanced by members of the field. Individual scholars pick and choose topics at will-idiosyncratically and whimsically, some critics say-and publish at irregular intervals. Research teams, to the extent that they exist in communication research, usually arise spontaneously and have short life spans. Institutionalized focused research programs are rare. The communication research marketplace is a volatile arena, a situation fostered by the rapidly changing nature of communication itself during the past 50 years. Under these circumstances the continuing and growing vitality of agenda-setting research is remarkable. As a theoretical perspective, it has had a rich 25-year history since McCombs and Shaw's (1972) opening gambit during the 1968 presidential elect ion. Philosopher of science James Conant (1951) noted that the hallmark o f a successful theory is its fruitfulness in continually generating new questions and identifying new avenues of scholarly inquiry. The fruitfulness of the agenda-setting metaphor is documented by three features: (a) the steady historical growth of its literature, (b> its ability to integrate a number of communication research subfields under a single theoretical um-


We have investigated the entanglement of two identical two-level atoms in a single-mode thermal reservoir when these two atoms are initially prepared in coherent states. It is discovered that the dynamical entanglement is greatly enhanced due to initial atomic coherence as compared with the case when the atoms are initially prepared in incoherent states. It is very valuable that we can manipulate the atomic entanglement by changing the relative phases and amplitudes of the polarized atoms.


Responses in turntable radar imagery are properly focused if they behave as fixed point scatterers in the focal plane chosen for polar reformatting. Other responses, whether generated by more complicated backscattering or by fixed point scatterers outside the focal plane, have a curved image phase. This curved phase can be used to recognize responses due to reflection between separated scatterers, and to determine the locations of the contributing scatterers, whether the scatterers are located on the target, its mount, or the turntable. We demonstrate this traceback procedure on data of a ground vehicle.


The invention discloses a power supply restoration method for a power distribution network under a complete shutdown accident of a transformer substation. The method specifically comprises the following steps: making the power distribution network equivalent to an undirected weighed graph, and making switches of the power distribution network equivalent to sides of the graph, with feeder lines, distribution transform, loads and the like between the switches as vertexes of the undirected weighed graph; searching a proper path for power supply restoration on an operational bus before the accident of the complete shutdown transformer substation through other operational transformer substations; and searching the proper path for transferring the load carried by the complete shutdown transformer substation to other operational transformer substations, so that an assistant decision-making scheme of electricity restoration and load transfer of the substation after the complete shutdown accident of the transformer substation can be provided. Through the method, a power supply restoration scheme under the complete shutdown accident of transformer substation can be rapidly and effectively made; the management and control capacity of a dispatching operator on the power distribution network is improved; and a safe and stable operation of the power distribution network is ensured.


This article, taking the Measurement of resistance with the method of Volt-Ampere as an example, introduced the design requirements and convergence between middle school and university in physical experiment teaching.


The structure of thyroxin as recently determined by Harrington 1 represents the substance as a derivative of di-iodotyrosine and as containing two benzene rings. It is, therefore, of some interest to know what effect, if any, other derivatives of di-iodotyrosine containing two aromatic nuclei, would exert on basal metabolism. Two such substances have been examined, namely, di-iodotyrosyl-di-iodotyrosine and the cyclic anhydride (diketopiperazine) of di-iodotyrosine. The former substance may be prepared by the action of iodine in feebly alkaline solution upon tyrosyl-tyrosine, or by the regulated action of alkali on the cyclic anhydride of di-iodotyrosine. The latter substances cannot be obtained by the direct action of iodine upon tyrosine anhydride, but may be readily attained by the action of iodine chloride in acetic acid upon the anhydride. Both substances are cream colored microcrystallin compounds, which in their solubilities and general chemical deportment, colour reactions, etc., show considerable resemblance to thyroxin. The anhydride of di-iodotyrosine melts at about 245 to 250 degrees (uncorr.) while di-iodotyrosyl-di-iodotyrosine does not melt sharply but begins to decompose above 200 degrees. The substances were prepared for these experiments by H. D. Dakin. The metabolism experiments were carried out on a normal male individual of about 101 kilos, 184.5 cm. in height. All determinations were done in triplicate under basal conditions, either the Tissot or Benedict machine being used. All Substances investigated were taken intravenously. Basal metabolic rates determined on five days during the week preceding the injection of the cyclic anhydride of di-iodotyrosine varied between −9 and −12 per cent. Twenty-four hours after the injection of 21 mg. of the substance the basal rate was −9 per cent, and at the end of 48 hours was −7 per cent.


We present results of direct force measurements between mica surfaces immersed in two different lamellar mesophases: one oil-swollen that is stabilized by undulation forces and a water-swollen one stabilized by electrostatic forces.


Developers are one of the construction industry players that looking into occupants' needs during the housing development processes. The growing awareness on the need of sustainable or green construction practice become a cornerstone to built better environment which fulfill the occupants' needs in the modern era without sacrificing the environmental protection, preservation and conservation. This paper aims to develop a multidimensional assessment framework for house buyers' requirements of green homes in the Malaysia housing development. The framework could answer a multitude of problems in developing green homes in Malaysian housing industry. Sample of the study is defined as house buyers who attended property fairs in six states and one federal territory in Malaysia, namely, Kedah, Penang, Kelantan, Melaka, Johor, Sabah and Kuala Lumpur. The respondents were selected through the convenience sample technique. Out of 2600 questionnaires distributed, 1642 were answered and returned with a response rate of 63 per cent. The data was analyzed by utilizing descriptive statistic, factor analysis, correlation, and multiple regression analysis. This study found that green homes consist of six main elements, namely community design and planning, efficient usage of resources, use of alternative resources, natural system, protection and safety, and reusing and recycling approach. The result shows that better requirements of green homes among house buyers in Malaysia towards higher implementation of green home principles. The multiple regression analysis shows that all the variables could significantly foresee the house buyers' requirements of green homes of house buyers in Malaysia.


1. The Political Economy of Armaments. Vol. 89, No. 7 (34 pages)

The interaction of oil exports from the Middle East in the 1970s with arms imports to this region has drawn attention from several researchers. The existing literature, however, is seriously flawed for it ignores the large corporate players whose actions synchronize the two flows of income and, thus fails to identify the significance of these corporations for the political economy of armaments. This present paper is the first of a series of four essays that attempt to relate the dynamics of market structures to the escalation of military sales. Here we briefly asses some neo-Marxist and institutional writings that offer insight into the subject of relevant issues. We find them deficient and perhaps outdated in some respects.

2. Changing Fortunes: Armaments and the U.S. Economy. Vol. 89, No. 8 (27 pages)

The present essay is the second in a series of four papers in which examine the political economy of armaments in recent decades. In this paper we focus on the 'armament core' of large military producers which recently emerged as a powerful bloc within the big economy of the United States. The rise of this core was heightened by a gradual shift of large civilian companies toward the armament business. We argue that the decline of large U.S.-based corporations in civilian world markets since the late 1960s was both a stimulus to and a partial consequence of the increasing involvement with better investment opportunities in government-related activity, especially military production. The increasing significance of international developments inhibits the earlier effectiveness of the U.S. government in assisting corporations based in the United States with its own military spending.

3. The Armadollar-Petrodollar Coalition and the Middle East. Vol. 89, No. 10 (54 pages)

This is the third paper in a series of four essays that deal with recent developments affecting the political economy of armaments. It begins by identifying the 'military bias paradox' of divergent behaviour, whereby the large armament corporations experienced an almost uninterrupted growth since the peak of the Vietnam War while domestic military spending exhibited a decade-long decline. The resolution of this apparent paradox could be found in the merging institution of arms exports, which supplemented domestic military budgets. The expansion of world markets for weapons coincided with the oil crisis of the 1970s. The Middle East became the focus of these developments. The interaction during the 1970s of rising military exports to this area and growing oil exports from the region provided a bsais for cooperation between major armament and energy corporations in an 'Armadollar-Petrodollar Coalition'. The consolidation of this coalition removed a major conflict between 'civilian' and 'military' producers in the United States and affected the course of U.S. domestic and foreign military policies.

4. The Armadollar-Petrodollar Coalition: Demise or New Order? Vol. 89, No. 11 (63 pages)

This is the final paper in a series of four essays that deal with the political economy of armament and oil. Since the 1980s, military imports to the Middle East increased while revenues from oil exports declined substantially. These disparities highlight structural changes which affect the Armadollar-Petrodollar Coalition of large armament and oil companies. Relations between oil producing countries and petroleum companies were restructured and there was a surge in corporate concentration. A 'military bias' in Europe and Japan increased the global competition for military orders but also enhances the cohesiveness of an emerging international armament lobby of military contractors. In addition, the domestic influence of the U.S. Armament Core was heightened by corporate concentration and symbiotic relations between contractors and the Pentagon. The two sides of the Armadollar-Petrodollar Coalition have consolidated their positions and may again seek to benefit from renewed cycles of armed conflicts and oil crises in the Middle East.


In order to demonstrate that lower surface energies of bundle-like crystals have a dominant effect for the enhancement of strain-induced crystallization of natural rubber (NR), an estimation of the end-surface energy (σe) was attempted. NR samples were quickly stretched at predetermined crystallization temperature (Tc) to a prescribed draw ratio (αs), and the wide angle X-ray diffraction patterns during the subsequent stepwise heating process were investigated. Melting temperature (Tm) was found to depend solely on αs and to be independent of Tc. Simultaneously, average crystallite size in the chain direction ( 〈Lc〉) was primarily determined by network-chain density and was also independent of Tc. As a result, the plot of Tm versus〈Lc〉 suggested that σe is negligibly low and estimated Tm is an approximation of the equilibrium melting temperature. (Received 9 March, 2018; Accepted 17 April, 2018) # corresponding author: Masatoshi Tosaka (E-mail: email@example.com) J. Fiber Sci. Technol., 74(6), 133-142 (2018) doi 10.2115/fiberst.2018-0019 ©2018 The Society of Fiber Science and Technology, Japan Formation of Crystallites with Low Surface EnergyA Key to Understand the Crystallization of Oriented Polymer Masatoshi TOSAKA, Shohei OUE, Alice GROS, Bertrand HUNEAU, Erwan VERRON, and Sirilux Poompradub *1 Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan *2Ecole Centrale de Nantes, Institut de Recherche en Génie Civil et Mécanique (GeM), UMR CNRS 6183, BP 9210, Nantes Cedex 3, France *3Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phaya Thai Rd., Patumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand Journal of Fiber Science and Technology (JFST), Vol.74, No. 6 (2018) 133 Now, melting of a finite size crystal is affected by the surface energy. As a result, melting temperature, Tm, of lamellar polymer crystals is expressed by the Gibbs-Thomson equation[1], Tm=Tm 12σe lΔH (3) where σe is the surface energy per area and l is the lamellar thickness. On the basis of this equation and knowing ΔH , σe can be estimated from the slope of the plot of Tm versus the inverse of lamellar thickness, 1/l. This plot is referred to as the Gibbs-Thomson plot. How about the formation of lamellar crystals, that is, crystallization? Below Tm, primary nuclei are sporadically generated by the Brownian motion of molecules. However, since the nucleation leads to the generation of surface energy, nuclei having a large specific surface area (namely, small ones) disappear. Only when the size of a nucleus exceeds a certain critical size, this nucleus can grow to the larger size. Nuclei having the critical size are referred to as critical nuclei. The change in Gibbs energy for the formation of a critical nucleus can be described theoretically[2]. Moreover, the rate of crystal growth after the formation of a primary nucleus can be described by the theory of Lauritzen and Hoffman[3, 4]. Using this theory, for example, σe can be estimated from the dependence of the growth rate on crystallization temperature. As mentioned above, σe can be estimated by two different methods; by the measurement of Tm and by the measurement of crystal growth rate. The values of σe obtained by these completely different approaches have been shown to coincide well with each other[3]. Conversely, if σe and other required parameters are known, one can predict both Tm and growth rate of polymer crystals in quiescent conditions. In this way, the crystallization of polymer under quiescent conditions has been quantitatively understood in details, already in the 1970 s. Then, to what extent is crystallization of oriented polymer understood? So far, some morphological and qualitative features have been established[5‒8]. However, results given by attempts of quantitatively describing crystallization rate or melting point are lacking of versatility so far. As an example and to the authors' knowledge, we still cannot predict crystal nucleation rate in oriented polymer on the basis of standard thermodynamic parameters[8]. Here, conventional theories describing polymer crystallization under orientation[9‒21] should be reviewed. We can notice that, in either theory, only the rise of melting temperature due to the change in conformational entropy of molecular chains has been considered as the factor that promotes crystallization. A simplified representation of this concept, which is has been first proposed to explain the strain-induced crystallization of natural rubber[9, 10], is as follows[11]. When an amorphous rubber sample is stretched to a draw ratio α, end-to-end distances of the network chains increase. As a result, conformational entropy of the network chains changes by the amount ΔSdef(α). Therefore, the change of entropy due to phase transition becomes ΔSα. That is, ΔSα=ΔS1-ΔSdef(α) (4) where subscripts 1 and α designate the draw ratio. Then, the equilibrium melting temperature, Tm, of unstretched sample is given by


Although stellar SED models are constantly improving and seem to show similar differential tendencies as measured spectra, their absolute properties (eg. absolute flux in different wavelength regions) can still differ significantly from the measured ones. Therefore, it is necessary to "color-calibrate" the theoretical spectra to obtain realistic model-based stellar spectra, which can then be used for many purposes, such as population synthesis models. In order to calibrate a hybrid library (consisting of the Kurucz -, the Allard and Hauschild -, and the Scholz-models) of theoretical SEDs, UBVRIJHKLM photometric data of solar neighborhood stars were collected from the literature, and the solar metallicity models were calibrated using an algorithm developed by Cuisinier et. al. The corrections were then propagated through the whole grid of models, resulting in the "semi-empirical" models (available on ftp from the university of Basel). In order to extend the calibration to non-solar abundances, we have collected UBVRIJHKL photometric data from well-known Galactic globular clusters, covering a wide range of metallicities. We shall present first results, using the metallicity-calibrated library for calculating isochrones of metal-poor clusters. In particular, the observed slope and/or curvature of the RGB appears to be reproducible in a systematically correct manner for the first time.


This research aims to contribute to our understanding of Spanglish, namely by examining Gerardo Piña Rosales' short story "Don Quijote en Manhattan" (2006). Through a close analysis of this expressive modality, particularly the use of Spanglish by the character of Sancho in his encounters with the city's other inhabitants, including tourists, homeless, small-time criminals and police, we are able to gain insight into the reality of modern-day language contact in a truly contemporary setting. The paper is organized as follows. First a brief review of the most recent Spanglish research is offered, then we describe the materials and method used for this study, and finally we propose a classification of Sancho's Spanglish.


Abstract : This report develops a method of presenting missile dynamics such that the equations may be easily adapted to any missile system configuration. Standardization of the missile dynamic equations is accomplished by combining the effects of propellant sloshing, flexible vehicle structure, and engine dynamics in a set of orthogonal coordinates. This approach is termed 'combined mode representation'. The theory of combined mode representation is presented in general terms. The complete missile system dynamic equations are then derived using this representation. The derivation of the equations for obtaining the combined mode coordinates is followed by a description of the computer routine used to solve these equations. Finally an example control system problem is written in terms of combined modes. (Author)


A semi-industrial scale plant for the production of rare earth hydroxides and thorium oxalate from monazite is described. The methods of operation suggested result in yields of products which compare favourably with those obtained in the laboratory. Recommendations on the design and construction of plant equipment are included.


cartilage disorders, such as osteoporosis and arthritis. Like other age-associated functional declines, at least some of the defects in bones and cartilage in the elderly have been attributed to changes in the populations and functions of stem cells in skeletal tissues. However, due to the cellular complexity in skeletal tissues and poor characterization of endogenous skeletal stem cells (SSCs), age-associated cellular and molecular changes in skeletal stem cells are not well understood.


Fuzzy cognitive maps is a hybrid method based on fuzzy systems and neural networks and belonging in soft computing. The methodology of developing fuzzy cognitive maps (FCMs) is easily adaptable and relies on human expert experience and knowledge, but it exhibits weaknesses in utilization of learning methods. The external intervention (typically from experts) for the determination of FCM parameters and the convergence to undesired steady states are significant FCM deficiencies. Thus, it is necessary to overcome these deficiencies in order to improve efficiency and robustness of FCM. Weight adaptation methods can alleviate these problems by allowing the creation of less error prone FCMs where causal links-weights are adjusted through a learning process.


The University of Groningen (UG) and the University Medical Centre Groningen (UMCG) have committed themselves to the Dutch National Open Science Plan. In addition, external research funders are increasingly demanding that research articles are published open access (e.g. through Plan S).
In 2018, 50% of UG/UMCG-scientific articles were published open access. However, have we used all options for publishing open access in venues chosen by researchers, thereby maintaining the researchers' quality standards, and reducing the costs as much as possible? The answer is "no." To maximize the open access uptake, while making the workflow as smooth as possible for researchers, the University Library and Central Medical Library have started an Open Access Services (OAS) project with the following objectives:

Implementation of services for the provision of practical information and advice for researchers

Establish communication channels to increase the overall visibility of open access services and to issue regular updates on changes and innovations in scholarly communication and open science;
Provide information on available options, costs, copyright, licences, re-use rights and funders' requirements, pre-funded open access deals and submission workflows;

Establishment of expert networks for the provision of strategic information and advice:

open access ambassadors (academic staff and/or research policy officers) within faculties to multiply  and disseminate between the OAS project team and individual researchers, research committees and faculty boards;
support staff (research policy officers, funding officers, financial controllers), e.g. to include open access budgeting in grant applications;
open access experts to identify obstacles to publish open access, and advise to eliminate them and advocate for policy changes with regard to research evaluation practices.

Establishment of an open access training programme for young researchers

Create and implement a programme of regular presentations and tutorials for young researchers about publication strategies and open access;

Development of optimal workflows for monitoring and registering open access uptake and expenditures

Registration of open access expenditures, including cost of pre-funded deals, support for diamond OA initiatives, unnecessary paid APCs and reimbursed by funders (grant budgets).
Identification of missed opportunities to publish open access using pre-funded read and publish deals and repair them retroactively whenever possible.
Improvement of standards for the registration of open access publications in the university's CRIS system.

Organization of UG's participation in the Taverne Amendment pilot project

i.e. the implementation of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act.

Provision of extra support for open access publishing services offered by the UG Press

Professionalize and improve the publishing services offered, to support diamond open access initiatives, with special emphasis on the humanities and social sciences.

We will present on the main outcomes of this project.


In the present study water samples from different areas of Kanpur were collected and isolated three Vibrio cholerae strains. The growth pattern of V. cholerae strains were observed on TCBS agar and 3%, 5% and 8% salt concentration. Mostly V. cholerae strains were tolerate at 3% to 5% salt concentration but in this study one strain can tolerate at 8% salt concentration. The multidrug resistant activities of these strains were examined by different antibiotics i.e. Kanamycin, Gentamicin, ampicillin, cefixime, streptomycin and oxacilline. Methanolic leaf extract of Pluchea lanceolata were analyzed by qualitative phytochemical methods to identified different secondary metabolites. The different concentration (100%, 50%, 25% and 12.5%) of methanolic extract of Pluchea lanceolata was used as a biological tool to resolve the antibiotic problem. P. lanceolata extract inhibited the growth of isolated strains of V. cholerae at all concentrations and zone of diameter increased with the increase of concentrations. This study revealed that the extract of P. lanceolata is a potent antibacterial drug in the treatment of V. Cholerae infection. It provided to cholera patient if found effective and non toxic through in vivo studies.


Aluminum(Al)toxicity is a major limiting factor for plant growth and crop production in acid soils.Recently,differential display reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(DDRT-PCR),cDNA-amplified fragment length polymorphisms(cDNA-AFLP),suppression subtractive hybridization(SSH),and DNA microarray have been used widely to analyse plant Al responsive genes.This paper reviewed the recent progresses on plant Al-responsive genes related to transporter,metabolism,stress,cell death,and signal transduction.


This article presents a research program developed for the evaluation and determination of the Morh-Coulomb model parameters and the Hardening Soil model parameters in clay soils. The methodology includes the analysis of some correlations, basic characterization soil tests and undrained compression triaxial tests carried out on reconstituted soil samples in laboratory (kaolin). From the obtained parameters the behavior stress-strain was simulated in the element finite software PLAXIS, examining the performance of the models by comparing the numeric calculation results with the experimental soil behavior. For the sets of considered model parameters, the analysis shows that the computational results have a reasonable agreement with the experimental results, appreciating a better approximation to the behavior described by the tests in the simulations performed with the Hardening Soil model, whose results evidence a better grade of adjustment to the typical hyperbolic relationship of the soil tested. In addition, the concluding results represent an important validation of the methodology program developed.


Fluoroscopy remains a cornerstone imaging modality for catheter placement and positioning in electrophysiology device and ablation procedures. However, efforts are being made to reduce the cumulative exposure to radiation in the patient and physician alike. We present the case of a 59-year-old male patient with hypertension, chronic kidney disease, and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation who underwent successful near-fluoroless laser balloon (LB) pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) ablation. Though this case demonstrates the usage of a novel protocol for near-fluoroless LB ablation that resulted in successful, uncomplicated acute PVI, the feasibility and safety of this technique should be validated in a larger series or prospective comparative study.


Abstract If-then rules are one of the most expressive and intuitive knowledge representations and their application to represent musical knowledge raises particularly interesting questions. In this paper, we describe an approach to learning expressive performance rules from monophonic recordings of jazz standards by a skilled saxophonist. We have first developed a melodic transcription system which extracts a set of acoustic features from the recordings producing a melodic representation of the expressive performance played by the musician. We apply machine learning techniques, namely inductive logic programming, to this representation in order to induce first order logic rules of expressive music performance.


A quadrilateral axisymmetric element with rotating degree of freedom at the vertex nodes is derived. For improving the precision of the element, decreasing the sensitivity of element geometry and applying it to nearly incompressible materials, three non conforming displacement functions and a "bubble" function are selected as the intemal freedom of the element. The results of the numerical examples show that the performance of the new element is fine.


Physical activity level and fitness condition seem to be related with pulmonary surgical risk in thoracic and cardiac surgeries; however, in abdominal surgery this relation is not clear. Objective: To compare the physical activity level in daily life and during hospitalization before surgery between patients who developed and did not develop postoperative pulmonary complications (PPC) after abdominal surgery and to relate to this outcome. Methods: This prospective cohort enrolled 191 hospitalized candidates (52 ± 14yrs; BMI = 29 ± 11 kg/m2) for upper abdominal surgery. Two different tools related to two distinct moments were used to assess preoperatively the physical activity level. First, to assess life physical activity level, the questionnaire Human Activity Profile (HAP) was administered for all patients. During hospitalization, the accelerometry was performed during 4 consecutive days to assess the time in activity. In addition, lung function, muscle strength and resting energy expenditure were assessed. PPC (pneumonia, atelectasis or severe hypoxemia) were checked until discharge. Multivariate analyses were used. Results: 92% of patients were classified as moderately to physically active in daily life. During hospitalization, patients were inactive during 90% ± 5% of time. There was no association with HAP score and acelerometry. 10.5% of patients developed PPC. Being physically active in daily life and during hospitalization have a protective effect against PPC. Our results show that the physical activity behavior in hospital do not reflect the daily life even in patients not restricted to bed and on preoperative period, patients physically actives on daily life and during hospitalization present less chance to develop PPC after abdominal surgery.Keywords: surgery, physical activity, postoperative complication, pneumonia, accelerometry, hospitalization.


With offline single-phase power supplies moving toward the megahertz switching frequency range, the converter's bus capacitor becomes the bottleneck of further improvement of power density. Partial constant power operation is effective in reducing the bus capacitance and capacitor current stress for low-power applications. However, its impact on circuit design and operation design has not been studied thoroughly. With the developed circuit operation and loss model, this paper presents design considerations and power loss analysis of megahertz ac/dc converters in partial constant power operation. An adaptive constant power control is also proposed, based on the developed models, to improve the light-load efficiency and power factor. A 65 W, megahertz critical conduction mode GaN-based ac/dc converter prototype has been developed to validate the analysis and circuit operation method. Compared with power factor correction (PFC) operation, partial constant power control exhibits an efficiency drop of less than 1%. However, a 50% reduction of bus capacitance can be realized. With the proposed adaptive constant power control, the light-load efficiency and power factor can be improved to be a level similar to the PFC operation. This paper ends with a discussion of the possibility of extending the proposed operation method to higher power applications.


Abstract Let X be a complex Banach space with and be a standard operator algebra on X. Let k be a positive integer. For , the k-commutator of A and B is defined by with . Let be a map. We say that is strong k-commutativity preserving if for any . In this paper, it is shown that, if the range of contains all operators of rank one, then is strong k-commutativity preserving if and only if there exist a functional and a scalar with such that for all .


For each positive integer $n$, we assign a digraph $\Gamma(n,11)$ whose set of vertices is $Z_n=\lbrace 0,1,2, \ldots, n-1\rbrace$ and there exists exactly one directed edge from the vertex $a$ to the vertex $b$ iff $a^{11}\equiv b \pmod n$. Using the ideas of modular arithmetic, cyclic vertices are presented and established for $n=3^k$ in the digraph $\Gamma(n,11)$. Also, the number of cycles and the number of components in the digraph $\Gamma(n,11)$ is presented for $n=3^k,7^k$ with the help of Carmichael's lambda function. It is proved that for $k\geq 1$, the number of components in the digraph $\Gamma(3^k,11)$ is $(2k+1)$ and for $k>2$ the digraph $\Gamma(3^k,11)$ has $(k-1)$ non-isomorphic cycles of length greater than $1$, whereas the number of components of the digraph $\Gamma(7^k,11)$ is $(8k-3)$.


Digital transformation affects many areas within an organization, and many stakeholders such as marketing, IT, product development, strategy or HR are involved in defining transformation strategies. This study suggests that related factors with human, technology, strategic linkage of IT and business, and digital leadership of CEO are influential factors of IT governance, and establish research model based on this relationship. It aims to propose a method to increase the capability of digital transformation by testing hypotheses. In order to accomplish the purpose of research, human factors and technological factors which are influential factors of IT governance utilize the results of previous studies. Strategic linkage of IT and business, CEO's digital leadership, and digital transformation capacity are employed by related literatures. In order to empirically analyze the causal relationship among these factors, it presents a research model and hypotheses and conduct a survey on firms' employees and use empirical analysis using structural equation model based on data collection.


This study aims to determine the implementation of learning Geography, to analyze learning outcomes of Geography, and to discover the advantages as well as obstacle factors in implementation of learning Geography of class X subject matter Hydrosphere, which used "Pantai Ayah" as learning source. This research methodology used descriptive quantitative. Population of this research were all student of class X in Sumpiuh Senior High School. Sampling technique were using random sampling. Data collected through tests, questionnaires, observation, documentation, and interview. Results of this research showed that learning implementation was great with the preparatory percentage stage 100%, the implementation 83,3%, and the follow up 91,6%. It showed 24 students got mark over minimum rate criterion and 6 students got under minimum rate criterion. The advantages of this learning were increased knowledge of outdoor study method, interesting learning increased creativity, increased learn interest, enthusiastic attitude as well as good infrastructure provision. Obstacle factors were cost, time, distance, physical condition, and security.


Universitas Muhammadiyah Magelang (UMMgl) has a vision of "Superior in Science, Islamic in Behavior" which is responsible for providing students with the skills to be independent after graduating from college. To prepare it, UMMgl emphasises to all students to be independent and superior entrepreneurs, to get it is not easy. The processes of the curriculum, internships, and entrepreneurial incubators also need to be prepared carefully and structured. Being an entrepreneur is not easy, requiring the right mentor and guidance to succeed in growing the entrepreneurial spirit, which is essentially the independence of the souls of UMMgl students. The method proposed in this proposal through several stages of intensive mentoring, including 1) Classroom training with entrepreneurial speakers and practitioners in the form of lectures, discussions, case studies, discovery of exploration, simulation, and testimonials; 2) apprenticeship in the partner industry to improve managerial, financial, technical, and entrepreneurial skills; 3) comparative study to get an explanation directly in the industrial premises of the owner; 4) guidance pattern, 5) supervision pattern; 6) the pattern of providing financial assistance to tenants. The results of this Program are formed by five selected tenants and are considered capable of being entrepreneurs ready to compete in the community.


This research aims to analyse the perceptions of future preschool teachers towards the application of practical work. This study is part of a more comprehensive teaching innovation project which aims to contribute to the scientific and technological literacy of teachers in initial training. Three practical activities were designed from the topic Didáctica del Medio Natural at the University of Cádiz (Spain) and implemented during the 2018-2019 year. After their completion, a questionnaire was provided of three closed questions Likert type with five levels. The student's answers were analysed from a quantitative approach taking into account aspects: (1) Usefulness for professional training; (2) Degree of satisfaction with contents; and (3) Degree of utility for your future teaching career. Results indicate that students, in general, were very satisfied with the development of the practical work designed. However, their opinion varied when they considered their usefulness for their future teaching work. In conclusion, results indicate that practical work allows future teachers to increase their interest in science. However, it can be advised the necessity to look for spaces to be able to discuss the learning acquired and to be able to adapt these practices to the children's classroom to consider their didactic potential.


The purpose of this document is to define the work that must be accomplished by the NIF Project during Title III Engineering. This definition is intended to be sufficiently detailed to provide a framework for yearly planning, to clearly identify the specific deliverables so that the Project teams can focus on them, and to provide a common set of objectives and processes across the Project. This plan has been preceded by similar documents for Title I and Title II design and complements the Site Management Plan, the Project Control Manual, the Quality Assurance Program Plan, the RM Parsons NIF Title III Configuration Control Plan, the Integrated Project Schedule, the Preliminary Safety Analysis Report, the Configuration Management Plan, and the Transition Plan.


A time honored technique for introducing students to new and emerging topics is to offer electives; however, there are a few major drawbacks to this approach: the topic must be very focused, either depth or breath must be sacrificed, and in either case, only a very limited amount of material can be covered, and students who may not have prior background about the topic often hesitate in electing a course in which they may very well find interest. Furthermore, as the number of credits required for obtaining a BS degree decline over the years due to market pressures, so do the number of electives offered. Against this background, we propose another time-honored technique, under a new setting, as a paradigm specifically designed for integrating novel content material into existing curriculum: develop new laboratory exercises tailored to provide content specific knowledge that relate to the focus areas of existing courses. In our implementation, we use biomedical engineering (BME) as the novel content and the electrical and computer engineering (ECE) as the core curriculum, with two primary objectives: to provide ECE students with fundamental and contemporary BME knowledge for future career and graduate study opportunities; and to improve students' interest in and comprehension of ECE concepts by acquainting them with engineering solutions to real world problems in medicine. This approach has several advantages: (1) it is versatile, any number of topics can be integrated that the faculty deems important; (2) a broad spectrum of topics can be addressed as they are distributed throughout the 4-year curriculum, (3) all students are exposed to novel content; (4) very little additional resources are required for implementation; (5) students receive a more well-rounded and broad education within their specific disciplines; (6) experiments are integrated into existing courses, keeping credit count unchanged;


AbstractPipe size of pressurized irrigation networks that usually have a branched layout had been optimized by assuming a predetermined layout. Few researches have considered simultaneous layout and pipe size optimization. In this study, a hybrid approach that is a combination of pipe size optimizer and layout optimizer is adapted for simultaneous layout and pipe size optimization. Once the solutions (specific layouts) are developed, a modified version of Labye's iterative discontinuous method (LIDM) is applied to optimize pipe sizes. After the layout optimizer rearranges, the solutions and the process continues. Two versions of a new discrete particle swarm optimization (PSO) are used as tree layout optimizer, namely, original jumping PSO (JPSO) and tree growing JPSO (TG-JPSO). In the original JPSO, a loop model network is considered first, and a spanning tree is produced by using JPSO for eliminating certain branches. Tree growing JPSO without producing a loop model directly deals with branched layout. ...


The result showed that the students' class performance affects their class satisfaction. Also, it showed that the students' satisfaction of the class was the cause of the students' preference of the class. In conclusion, from now on, educational resources must be readily available to schools, so that the number of ballet classes would be increased. These resources will allow students to develop curiosity and enthusiasm that motivates them to voluntarily and actively participate in class. On the basis of the conclusion above, this thesis suggests the following: Firstly, there are just a few middle schools in the nation that includes ballet classes in their curriculum. Therefore, by the results of this study, more schools should inherit ballet classes into their curriculum, as well as encouraging their students to participate. Secondly, to allow students to participate in performing arts of all genres, such as ballet, the current physical education curriculum should be revised. Thirdly, by adopting ballet classes into the curriculum, an environment where students can learn about their career choices earlier and develop into professionals can be created.


Power converters based on the controlling of switching devices can achieve power conversion with high efficiency. This kind of converter occupies several advantages but will introduce sever electromagnetic interference(EMI) as side effect. To block the propagation of EMI noise, it is widely used to add passive filter or active EMI filter(AEF) into the converters. With small size and decent noise attenuation ability of AEF, it has the tendency to cover the usage of passive filter. But different from passive filter, with the limitation of controlling method of AEF, it doesn't have the ability to attenuate the noise from both sides. Nowadays, the cascade of power converters is becoming more and more common, this feature will limit the applications of AEF. To cope with this problem, this paper proposes a kind of bydirectional AEF with double-side sensing method. Based on the theoretical analysis and experiments, it can be found that this topology can well attenuate the noise signals from both sides and the insertion loss is pretty decent.


Background Takayasu arteritis (TAK) is a chronic inflammatory disease that predominantly affects the aorta and its main branches. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are the cornerstones of the initial treatment of TAK. However, most patients relapse with steroid withdrawal. Objectives To evaluate the efficacy and safety of infliximab (IFX) in Korean patients with active TAK. Methods Patients with active TAK were enrolled in a single-centre prospective open label trial. Active disease was defined according to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) criteria. Concomitant GCs were tapered to prednisone ≤10 mg/day or equivalent at 2 weeks prior to the initiation of IFX. Patients received intravenous infusions of IFX, at a starting dose of 5 mg/kg at weeks 0, 2, 6, and then every 8 weeks, up to week 46, and were followed up to week 54. At week 30, patients with partial remission received increased dose of IFX by 1.5 mg/kg, and patients who failed with IFX terminated the study. At week 38 and 46, patients with symptom of active disease or high serum level of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) or C-reactive protein (CRP), were instructed to increase the IFX dose by 1.5 mg/kg, up to 9.5 mg/kg, at each point. All the patients underwent Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography (PET-CT) at baseline and week 30. The primary efficacy end point was the achievement of partial or complete remission at week 30. Results Twelve patients with TAK were enrolled and treated with IFX; 1 patient with study violation was excluded from analysis. At week 30, 3 patients (27.3%) achieved complete remission and 6 patients (54.5%) achieved partial remission. Statistically significant improvements were seen at week 30 for all of major secondary measures, including change from baseline in Indian Takayasu Clinical Activity Score 2010 ITAS 2010 (median 11.0, interquartile range [IQR] 10.0–11.8; 6.0, IQR 5.0–9.0, p=0.004), ITAS.A (14.0, IQR 12.0–14.0; 7.0, IQR 6.0–10.5, p=0.003) and serum levels of ESR (56.0, IQR 44.0–82.5; 26.0, IQR 20.0–56.5, p=0.031) and CRP (1.3, IQR 0.7–2.6; 0.2, IQR 0.1–2.1, p=0.019). PET parameters were significantly reduced, including maximum standardised uptake value (3.50, IQR 3.10–3.84; 3.10, IQR 2.49–3.27, p=0.023), target-to-vein ratio (1.34, IQR 1.13–1.95; 1.31, IQR 1.05–1.45, p=0.032), and target-to-liver ratio (2.38, IQR 1.47–3.05; 1.92, 1.51–2.18, p=0.014) from baseline to week 30. Serum levels of pentraxin-3, soluble human leukocyte antigen-E (sHLA-E), interleukin-6 tended to decrease, while tumour necrosis factor-α level increased after IFX therapy. There were no serious adverse events (SAEs) or AEs necessitating discontinuation of IFX. Conclusions Treatment with IFX may lead to remission or improvement with lower glucocorticoid requirement in TAK (clinicaltrials.gov NCT02457585). Disclosure of Interest None declared


Aim: In this research work, radiation doses to frontal face of adult and pediatric procedures were measured from 50 panoramic and 35 cephalometric dental X-ray scanners from various regions in Tamil Nadu, India. Materials and Methods: Dose measurements were carried out using a polymethylmethacrylate tissue-equivalent phantom (10 cm diameter and 14 cm length) and two miniature electronic personnel dosimeters (PM1610). Results: Panoramic procedures and the radiation doses were measured on the frontal face of adult ranged from 80 μSv to 175 μSv and 20–66 μSv at the thyroid and eye level, respectively, and for pediatric were ranged from 52 μSv to 159 μSv and 17–58 μSv at the thyroid and eye level, respectively. For cephalometric, the frontal face dose of adult ranged from 45 μSv to 114 μSv and 45–111 μSv at the thyroid and eye level, respectively, and for pediatric, the doses were ranged from 43 μSv to 107 μSv and 43–107 μSv at the thyroid and eye level, respectively. Conclusions: Based on the detailed survey, the measured values were comparable with other literature values. It was observed that exposure parameters, beam quality, beam slit width, and beam length used in the tube head are the factors that increase facial dose during dental panoramic and cephalometric procedures.


The invention relates to a method to collect information on at least one of a patient support device (106) of a medical imaging device (100) positioned object, comprising the steps of: - an optical sensing of the 3D image data to the patient positioning device (106) positioned object by means of a 3D image data recording unit (113) - transmitting the acquired 3D image data from the 3D image data recording unit (113) to an evaluation unit (121) - positioned a determining information on the patient positioning device (106) object based on the 3D image data by means of the evaluation unit (121) - a generating an output information positioned based on the determined information about on the patient support device (106) object and - an output of the output information to the positioned on the patient support device (106) object.


Scientists produce vast amounts of data that often are not preserved properly or do not have inventories, placing them at risk. As part of an effort to more fully understand the data-at-risk predicament, researchers who were engaged in the DARI project at UNC's Metadata Research Center surveyed information custodians working in a range of settings. The survey collected information on the data characteristics and preservation plans. Forty-three information custodians completed the survey. The results indicate that at-risk data include a variety of formats, subject areas, and ownership status, as well as compliance with a variety of standards. Although a majority of respondents agree that data preservation is important, they caution that time is the greatest barrier to sharing these data. The study has implications for data rescue and for training information custodians.


The equations of change for developing flow and heat transfer in a tube were solved by an implicit numerical technique on the IBM 1620 computer. Radial heat convection and the inertial terms in the equation of momentum, which previous workers have neglected, were taken into account, along with the dependence of viscosity on temperature. The approximation that the inverse of viscosity varies linearly with temperature was used. Other fluid properties were held constant. Both parabolic and uniform entering velocity profiles were considered. The three parameters were therefore the velocity profile and the Prandtl number of the entering fluid and the ratio of the viscosity at the wall temperature to that of the entering fluid. Neglecting the variation of viscosity, the values of the local Nusselt number}parabolic entering velocity profile case; were found to coincide with the Graetz-Leveque analytic constant parabolic velocity profile solution, as did the uniform entering velocity solutions for high Prandtl numbers. For low Prandtl numbers, the uniform entering case solutions corresponded to the Graetz analytic constant uniform velocity profile solution. For moderate Prandtl numbers for the uniform entering case, the solutions corresponded to the Graetz-Leveque curve for long tubes and for short tubes fell between the Graetz-Leveque and Graetz curves. The effect of the viscosity dependence on heat transfer was found to depend on the Prandtl number, being negligible for low Prandtl numbers, and very pronounced for high Prandtl numbers. A similar effect was noticed for pressure drop, for the parabolic case only. The pressure drop was invariant with the Prandtl number for the'-'majority of the uniform cases. The actual dependence of heat transfer on the viscosity ratio was found to be very complicated. For large entrance to wall viscosity ratios (heating),. the values for the Nusselt number approached the Grafetz uniform veibcity curve as an upper limit. For increasingly larger wall to entrance viscosity ratlos(cooling) a similar lower limit was approached. The logarithm of the pressure drop was found to vary linearly with the logarithm of the Viscosity ratio. For the uniform case, the pressure droppdecreased with increasing tube length; and for the parabolic case, it was invariant with .tube length. The results for the parabolic entering velocity case were found compatible with the experimental results of Sieder and Tate. Terms involving the radial velocity were found to be negligible for both entering profiles for long tubes. For the parabblic case only, the inertial terms in the equation of momentum were also negligible for long tubes. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author would like to express his appreciation and gratitude to the following persons and organizations whose assistance and encouragement made this work possible. Dr. J. D. Heliums -rfor technical advice, encouragement, coaxing and understanding, without his help this work would never have become a reality Those at my seminar for suffering with meand helping to bring several important points to light The Chemical Engineering Department for the funds behind this work Del Pussell and A1 Vennix for aid in the use of the computer The Grads for their existence Kareen without whose help I might have finished several months earlier My parents for bearing with me. and encouraging me through the years, without their assistance and encouragement I would never have been here to do this work