For materials of widely variable composition (stainless and fast-cutting steels, Fe-Ni-Cr alloys) they have compared the systematic error in the results of XSA obtained using constraint equations with empirically and theoretically determined coefficients. The optimum conditions for determining the coefficients for each type have been established; when these are adhered to, the same satisfactorily small systematic error in the analytical result is obtained for each type.


"Arena Zagreb" sports hall which was built for the maintenance of 21st Handball World Championships held in Zagreb in 2009 is the object of special importance. The roof structure of the hall is nearly rectangular shaped ground plan dimensions of 143.0 x 103.6 m. It consists of curved main steel girders suspended steel tie rods to the tops of the facade of concrete beams in the east-west direction and secondary steel beams in a north-south direction. Since this is a sports hall, where during sports events there is a large number of people and considering it's particularly complex shape and design construction, the applicable Croatian legislation for steel structures (HRN U. M1. 047 – OG 139/09) require an experimental testing. With this testing, before obtaining a use permit, it is checked whether the construction is technically correct and suitable to take the project anticipated loads. In this paper a static load test of the roof main beams of "Arena Zagreb" with the application of geodetic surveying methods will be presented. The most interesting test results obtained by classical geodetic surveying methods, using modern robotic total stations, will be presented.


In both developed and emerging countries, sedentary life style and over exposition to high energy dense foods has led to a thermodynamic imbalance and consequently obesity. Despite genetic predisposition, obesity often involves a behavioral component in which, similar to drugs of abuse, compulsive consumption of palatable food rich in lipids and sugar drives energy intake far beyond metabolic demands. Food intake is modulated by sensory inputs, such as tastes and odours, as well as by affective or emotional states. The mesolimbic pathway is well established as a main actor of the rewarding aspect of feeding. Particularly, the hedonic and motivational aspects of food are closely tied to the release of the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) in striatal structure such as the Nucleus Accumbens (Nacc). In both rodent and humans several studies shows an attenuated activity of dopaminergic signal associated with obesity and there is evidence that consumption of palatable food per se leads to DA signalling alterations. Furthermore impaired cognition in obese mice is improved by selectively lowering triglycerides (TG) and intracerebroventricular administration of TG induces by itself acquisition impairment in several cognitive paradigms in normal body weight mice. Together, these observations raise the possibility that nutritional lipids, particularly TG, directly affect cognitive and reward processes by modulating the mesolimbic pathway and might contribute to the downward spiral of compulsive consumption of palatable and obesity. This review is an attempt to capture recent evolution in the field that might point toward a direct action of nutritional lipid in the mesolimbic pathway.


In the excitement of a change of government, a singular feature of the 2007 election went largely unnoticed. Despite the increased presence of Labor women, and the defeat of the Prime Minister in his own seat by Maxine McKew's 'purple army', it was the first time for more than 20 years that the ALP had gone to the polls without a women's policy. Campaign strategists seemed to have decided that any mention of women must be suppressed, in case the famous heartland voters being wooed back to Labor by the antiWorkChoices campaign took fright. The women's movement itself was no longer seen as a significant political constituency. As a consequence, any good policies to undo the damage to women's equality of the Howard years were well concealed behind campaign shrubbery. Feminists had to take it on trust that the diverse array of Labor women on the front bench would result in renewed progress towards woman-friendly policy. The lack of connection between women contestants and explicit women's policy, at least as far as the major parties were concerned, raised important issues concerning the relationship between descriptive and substantive representation.


Questionnaire investigation on 96 enterprises and analysis on motivation of participating in vocational education of enterprises show that,the motivations of enterprises participating in vocational education include: the first is enhancing personnel qualities,the second is enhancing technical resources,seeking knowledge integration,short-term benefit and cultural integration,and the last is appointment plan. Factors influencing the positivity of enterprise participating in vocational education are the following in order: enterprise's benefit hasn't been achieved,the lack of cooperation mechanism,the lack of policy guidance of government and systemic assurance mechanism.


A sixty‐year‐old man, developed 2–5 mm sized, hyperemic, itchy papules, vesicles, erosions and crusts on hyperemic base on his chest, abdomen, back, gluteal region, and proximal sites of his upper and lower extremities. The direct and indirect immunoflurescence tests were negative. Histology revealed extensive acantholysis in the epidermis in the following forms: pemphigus vulgaris‐like suprabasal acantholysis, Darier‐like acantholytic dyskeratosis with corps ronds, Hailey‐Hailey‐like suprabasal clefts, and pemphigus foliaceus‐like superficial acantholysis with spongiosis. Using systemic steroids, topical drying, and reepithelising therapy, the patient was cured. He was symptom‐free the first, fourth, and thirteenth months after finishing steroid therapy.


To determine if participation in colorectal cancer screening using faecal occult blood testing (FOBT) is affected by a restrictive diet and if it is associated with certain demographic variables.


Febrile morbidity after cesarean section is one of the major problems in obstetric practice. This morbidity is most often due to endometritis. Although parenteral prophylactic antibiotics or antibiotic irrigation has been reported to reduce the incidence of endometritis after cesarean section, its incidence remains high. Among the patients who were undergoing cesarean section at Yeungnam University Hospital from the beginning of March, 1985, three group were evaluated in the orders. 1) 30 cases as intrauterine irrigation group with cephradine solution, 2) 35 cases as intravenous injection group with cephradine, 3) 35 cases as control group are neither irrigated nor injected. Febrile morbidity was also evaluated by means of a fever index. The incidence of clinically diagnosed endometritis in the three group were 6.7%, 2.9%, and 22.9%. As these results, two study groups were markedly reduced the incidence of endometritis than control group. There was no significant difference between the intrauterine irrigation with cephradine and control, but significant difference between the intravenous cephradine injection and control (P


Background: Functional analysis of the true pelvis (defined as that portion lying below and including the pelvis brim) was undertaken on a sample of 588 females of reproductive age sent for an anterioposterior examination of the pelvis from January 2005 to June 2009 in two hospitals from Jos metropolis in Plateau State, Nigeria. Method: Standard radiographic measurement were taken and used in the characterization of the normal female pelvis living in this region to ascertain their pelvis type and percentages of their prevalence. Result: This was compared to that reported on a global scale and the result showed three (3) pelvis types, prevalent among the female population living in Jos Metropolis. These are the Gynecoid with 8% prevalent rate, Andriod pelvis type 39% and the platypelloid pelvis type with 53%. Each having an average index of 93%, 84% and 64% respectively. Conclusion: Platypelloid pelvis was found to be the most common in the population with 53% prevalence rate, and calls for concern in the health sector since the capacity of female pelvis for child bearing is profoundly influenced by size and shape of the pelvis.


This contribution describes one the challenges explored in the Fourth LAK Hackathon. This challenge aims at shifting the focus from learning situations which can be easily traced through user-computer interactions data and concentrate more on user-world interactions events, typical of co-located and practice-based learning experiences. This mission, pursued by the multimodal learning analytics (MMLA) community, seeks to bridge
the gap between digital and physical learning spaces. The "multimodal" approach consists in combining learners' motoric actions with physiological responses and data about the learning contexts. These data can be collected through multiple wearable sensors and Internet of Things (IoT) devices. This Hackathon table will confront with three main challenges arising from the analysis and valorisation of multimodal datasets: 1) the data
collection and storing, 2) the data annotation, 3) the data processing and exploitation. Some research questions which will be considered in this Hackathon challenge are the following: how to process the raw sensor data streams and extract relevant features? which data mining and machine learning techniques can be applied? how can we compare two action recordings? How to combine sensor data with Experience API (xAPI)? what are meaningful visualisations for these data?


SHI Xiang-yun is a peculiar girl described with profound meaning and emotion by CAO Xue-qin.The "treasure love BaoXiang" or the "unicorn's fate" between SHI Xiang-yun and JIA Bao-yu is also the author intended depiction and carefully designed plot,the outcome of which always rise different ideas among the researchers of Dream of Red Mansions.Cao takes the advantages of peony in the chapter of "lovable drunk Xiangyun sleeping beside Peony Flowers" to imply the dream-like and regrettable outcome of the love of BaoXiang.


Success or failure in the global challenge of cataloguing all life on Earth will depend to a large extent on our ability to survey and identify the countless millions of arthropod species that remain undescribed. Despite some of the more obvious taxonomic impediments limiting species description rates (Godfray & Knapp, 2004; Wheeler et al., 2004; Evenhuis, 2007; Zhang, 2012), May (2004, 2011) has been vocal in suggesting that the key rate-limiting step in cataloguing biodiversity will ultimately be the craft of collecting specimens in the field. As field ecologists, we naturally have a lot of sympathy with this perspective. In spite of this, the sorts of All-Taxa Biodiversity Inventories (ATBIs) that have been spawned around the world in response to May's call for more intensive field cataloguing have met with comparatively limited success, and have struggled to maintain adequate funding. The reasons why are really twofold. First, as all field ecologists will know, the volume of arthropod specimens that can be obtained with modern sampling techniques vastly outstrips any capacity to identify this material (Gotelli, 2004); screening large numbers of common species to find the long tail of vanishingly rare species can be prohibitively time-consuming and expensive. Second, the criticism of a 'stampcollecting' approach to ATBIs has been hard to shake, and has drawn into question the utility and sustainability of the approach. An alternative approach initiated 10 years ago in Panama has recently 'come of age' in the first comprehensive analysis of the spatial distribution of arthropod biodiversity within a lowland tropical forest (Basset et al., 2012). Project IBISCA-Panama (Investigating the BIodiversity of Soil and Canopy Arthropods, Panama module) represents a large-scale research initiative conducted explicitly as a 'joint venture' between taxonomists and ecologists. The subtle, but important difference from the ATBI approach is that the research is founded on a set of fundamental ecological questions about the scaling of arthropod species diversity across space and time (Basset et al., 2007), with species discovery and taxonomic inventory as collateral benefits. This is not to imply that taxonomy is in any way a secondary pursuit to ecology, or that it should be considered a service industry to science (Godfray & Knapp, 2004), but rather that the IBISCA approach fosters a dual purpose to the research by formalising a structured inventory within a hypothesis-driven framework. Ecologists clearly benefit from the credibility of taxonomic identification afforded by professional taxonomists and their expertise in compiling life history or distributional information for known species. Taxonomists, too, benefit from participating in a quantitatively structured sampling programme, which can generate new biogeographic or environmental hypotheses about species distributions, and where the relevance of the work to ecological theory and conservation practice is enhanced. We see this as very clearly meeting Gotelli's (2004) plea for greater collaboration between taxonomy and community ecology, which ultimately strengthens both disciplines.


The mathematical-physical model is established based on the elastic wave equations of three-dimensional anisotropy media.The different jointed rock masses with typical joint sets are simplified as transversely isotropic media and monoclinic anisotropic media.When the elastic waves propagate through joint sets,the elastic wave velocity in different directions can be calculated.According to the mathematical-physical model,physical model of jointed rock mass is made.The related testing system of ultrasonic velocity is set up and the ultrasonic experiments are conducted.Experimental results show that the ultrasonic velocity is sensitive to the influence of joint sets and changes a lot when propagating through joint sets.In the ultrasonic experiment on physical model of monoclinic anisotropic media,the results are much complicated than those of experiment on physical model of transversely isotropic media.If survey points are located correctly,the existence and direction of joint sets can be recognised.The relationship between the elastic wave velocity and the distribution of joint sets in physical model is analysed.In practical engineering,the dominant orientation of joint sets and rock mass anisotropy can be judged using the ultrasonic tests.The results can provide abundant data for the practical engineering.


We report the case of a patient with homozygous sickle cell disease (SCD) and chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) whose vaso-occlusive crises were resolved with imatinib therapy. The patient, born in 1983, underwent a splenectomy at the age of 7 years for acute splenic sequestration. Hospitalization for vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC) occurred about once a year until 2007. The patient was never treated with hydroxycarbamide. In 2008, the patient was hospitalized five times for bone VOC with high fever (40 C) but no clinical signs of infection and negative microbiologic cultures were found; the white blood cell (WBC) count was elevated to 43Æ2 · 10/l, and neutrophils were 34Æ56 · 10/l, but these normalized after the VOC. In September 2008, the patient was hospitalized twice for recurrent VOC, with WBC count elevated to 73Æ2 · 10/l (neutrophils, 43Æ96 · 10/l; eosinophils 1Æ47 · 10/l; basophils, 1Æ47 · 10/l; monocytes, 2Æ21 · 10/l). Myelocytosis appeared, and WBC count remained elevated after the VOC (68Æ3 · 10/ l). The diagnosis of CML was confirmed by bone marrow aspiration, karyotype, and conventional cytogenetic tests, which showed t(9;22) chromosomal translocation and b2/a2 and b3/a2 transcripts in moderate levels (27Æ7% M-BCR/copies ABL1). Imatinib was started in November 2008, and the WBC count decreased rapidly. The patient had no more VOC and was not hospitalized again. The patient was lost to follow-up for 1 year. After this delay, the patient was evaluated and a complete karyotypic and major molecular response was recorded. No VOC had occurred since the administration of imatinib. The red blood cell count (3Æ2–3Æ4 · 10/l) and morphology (mean cell volume = 80 fl) did not change, nor did the haemoglobin concentration (around 82 g/l), f HbS (76Æ9%), HbF (8%) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels. Each time that the patient forgot to take imatinib for several days, VOC recurred after 2 or 3 days, and stopped immediately when the patient took imatinib again. No recurrence of elevated WBC count was subsequently observed (7Æ5 · 10/l; neutrophils, 5Æ25 · 10/l). The association of CML and SCD has been reported in nine cases (Nowell et al, 1975; Papayannopoulou et al, 1978; Sarma et al, 1986; Stricker et al, 1986; Phillips et al, 1988; Rosner & Grünwald, 1989; Schultz & Ware, 2003; Chen et al, 2005). There is probably no link between these two diseases since their association is rare. However, high-level and constant stimulation of inflammatory cells due to the vaso-occlusive phenomenon could enhance changes in the granulocytic cell differentiation and thus lead to CML. The causative role of high WBC counts in the occurrence of VOC has been documented, and the efficacy of chemotherapy against CML in the prevention of recurrence of VOC has been observed in two cases (Sarma et al, 1986; Phillips et al, 1988). Several different drugs (vincristine, busulfan) have been used successfully; this suggests that the beneficial effect on VOC was due not to the drug itself but rather a result of the decreased of WBC. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case where a patient with SCD received imatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor. The treatment was perfectly tolerated. The link between imatinib and the efficacy on the prevention of VOC is not clear. The recurrence of VOC after discontinuation of imatinib was not explained by the recurrence of increased WBC counts, nor by changes in haemoglobin concentration or HbF level, or haemolysis tests, which suggests that another mechanism was involved in the prevention of acute VOC due to sickle cell disease. Thus, tyrosine kinase inhibitors should be added to the list of potential treatments for SCD.


The effect of packaging materials on the quality and physiological activity of Angelica acutiloba leaves during storage at 4℃ for 20 days and after being transferred to room temperature for 2 days was studied. The experiment was conducted using three packaging materials: the corrugated box (control); corrugated box with 20 ㎛ HDPE perforated film liner; and corrugated box with paraffin wax coated paper + 20 ㎛ HDPE perforated film liner. Changes in weight, color, aroma, overall visual quality, antioxidant activity, and total flavonoids were investigated. Based on the result, the treatments using corrugated box with 20 ㎛ HDPE perforated film liner and the corrugated box with paraffin wax coated paper + 20 ㎛ HDPE perforated film liner, were effective in minimizing weight loss, and maintaining external color and overall quality as compared to corrugated box only (control). The corrugated box with paraffin wax coated paper + 20 ㎛ HDPE perforated film liner was more effective in maintaining antioxidant activity and total flavonoids than other treatments. Prolonging the freshness using corrugated box with paraffin wax coated paper + 20 ㎛ HDPE perforated film liner could increase the marketability of Angelica acutiloba leaves in the domestic market.


Stories help design teams develop shared understanding and vocabulary throughout the process of developing solutions andprototypes. While stories are widely acknowledged to be essential to the design process, their use by novice designers in universitysettings remains relatively unstudied. In this work, we examine the story practices of undergraduate engineering students enrolled ina one-semester human-centered design project-based course. We develop a coding framework grounded in narrative theory toquantitatively describe the presence of story and its constituent elements in student work. We also integrate three simpleinterventions in the course to facilitate students' use of stories. After examining assignments (n= 162) spanning six iterations of thehuman-centered design process, we find that students show marked increases in their use of stories in the context of theirprototypes. We also find limited improvement, or in many cases, a decline, in students' use of stories in the observational andframeworks stages of the process. These findings suggest a relationship between design project iteration and novice designers' use ofstory, building on previous research relating professional designers' differing use of story across design phase. This work invitesseveral opportunities for design educators to incorporate facilitation of storytelling practices into their design courses.


A novel composite forward osmosis (FO) membrane was fabricated by introducing a chitosan (CS) sublayer between nanofibers and polyamide (PA) layer, which was beneficial to forming thin and defect-free PA layer and improved binding strength between substrate and selective layer. Results exhibited low reverse salt flux (0.73 gMH) while maintained high water flux (85.4 LMH), which were better than that in other reports. In order to further improve permeability of membranes, oxidized multiwall carbon nanotubes (OMWNTs) were added into PA layer based on the optimized sublayer. The crosslinking degree of PA layer was reduced, leading to loose PA layers, which promoted the increase of water flux. After modifying, water flux reached 96.9 LMH without sacrificing salt rejection. It was worth mentioning that PAN/CS composite FO membrane, which could adjust microstructure of support layer and selective layer respectively, may provide a promising way for preparing membranes with anticipated separation performance.


Personal fitness trackers are popular wearable devices intended for measurement and analysis of user personal activities, and engagement with social media. Manufacturers have not opened tracker technical designs or performance data to public scrutiny. By leveraging user-posted activity records, product reviews, fitness app screenshots, and social network postings, we were able to characterize user motivations, reliability concerns, and social behaviors, as well as quantifying fitness activity performance levels. We describe user behaviors categorized by gender, age, duration of device ownership, and degree of social network engagement. Lastly, we show that most users exercise less than the well-publicized 10,000 steps per day goal.


Summary Apartment for rent at Tapul area 8 minute walk to caltex station. Very good place to live in safe area and close to the town.


AIM
It is well known that alcohol can cause bone loss and that bone mineral density has an inverse relationship with bone marrow adipocyte (BMA). However, little is known about the mechanisms that link alcohol and bone loss, and existing studies lack data on BMA in alcohol-induced bone loss. Here, wild-type (WT) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha knockout (TNF-α KO) mice were used to examine the effects of alcohol on bone metabolism.

METHODS
The effects of alcohol on bone metabolism were demonstrated in vivo by feeding WT and TNF-α KO mice with alcohol. The osteogenesis and adipogenesis of primary bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) derived from WT and TNF-α KO mice under alcohol intervention were compared in vitro. Tissue staining, cell staining, micro-CT, and quantitative RT-PCR were used to explore the potential mechanism.

RESULTS
Alcohol induced trabecular bone loss, increased BMA, and promoted the mRNA expression of Adipoq, Fabp4, visfatin, Pparg, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in BMA in WT mice, but not in TNF-α KO mice. In addition, alcohol promoted BMSC adipogenesis and inhibited BMSC osteogenesis, while TNF-α knockout could restrain this situation.

CONCLUSION
Our study demonstrated that alcohol may reduce bone mass by disrupting the balance of osteogenesis and adipogenesis in bone marrow, and TNF-α plays an important role in this process.


An optimal design for a pressurized flow pipe network is characterized by being economical and contributing the least amount of losses during water transmission through the system. The diameter of a pipe in a network system that delivers the desired effect with the minimum amount of waste and expenses is referred to as an optimal pipe size. The Life-Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) model is widely recognized as the recommended standard technique to estimate the optimal pipe size for any pipe flow network system. Numerous empirical formulas have been proposed to simplify the computations required in this economic analysis model. This study seeks to compare the various empirical models that have been proposed by different authors based on a variety of physical variables involved in fluid flow dynamics. Eleven different empirical equations were chosen in order to select the optimal diameter for the network at the Hamelmalo Agricultural College farm located in the Anseba region of Eritrea for the distribution of water to the different sub-plots. The estimated diameters were compared to the standard diameter calculated using the standard LCCA method. This comparison was based on the estimated total head losses and economic analysis of the pipe diameters chosen for such network. Moreover, a statistical analysis was conducted to obtain the best-fit recommended modeled diameter for the network. The Bresse's model performance was the most adequate when compared with the LCCA model.


Many cities are already engaged in pioneering efforts to achieve these reductions. Greater support from national governments could help realize this potential more fully, quickly, and cost effectively. Maximizing GHG reductions in urban areas will require concerted actions at all levels of government. With greater policy coordination, cities could focus on roles and actions for which they are highly capable and best positioned. We find that under a coordinated approach designed to achieve deep GHG reductions:


Learning hierarchical category structure in deep neural networks Andrew M. Saxe (firstname.lastname@example.com) Department of Electrical Engineering James L. McClelland (email@example.com) Department of Psychology Surya Ganguli (email@example.com) Department of Applied Physics Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA Abstract Psychological experiments have revealed remarkable regulari- ties in the developmental time course of cognition. Infants gen- erally acquire broad categorical distinctions (i.e., plant/animal) before finer ones (i.e., bird/fish), and periods of little change are often punctuated by stage-like transitions. This pattern of progressive differentiation has also been seen in neural net- work models as they learn from exposure to training data. Our work explains why the networks exhibit these phenomena. We find solutions to the dynamics of error-correcting learning in linear three layer neural networks. These solutions link the statistics of the training set and the dynamics of learning in the network, and characterize formally how learning leads to the emergence of structured representations for arbitrary training environments. We then consider training a neural network on data generated by a hierarchically structured probabilistic gen- erative process. Our results reveal that, for a broad class of such structures, the learning dynamics must exhibit progres- sive, coarse-to-fine differentiation with stage-like transitions punctuating longer dormant periods. Keywords: neural networks; hierarchical generative models; semantic cognition; learning dynamics Introduction Our world is characterized by a rich, nested hierarchical structure of categories within categories, and one of the most remarkable aspects of human semantic development is our ability to learn and exploit this structure. Experimental work has shown that infants and children acquire broad categorical distinctions before fine categorical distinctions (Keil, 1979; Mandler & McDonough, 1993), suggesting that human cat- egory learning is marked by a progressive differentiation of concepts from broad to fine. Furthermore, humans can ex- hibit stage-like transitions as they learn, rapidly progress- ing through successive levels of mastery (Inhelder & Piaget, 1958; Siegler, 1976). Many neural network simulations have captured aspects of these broad patterns of semantic development (Rogers & Mc- Clelland, 2004; Rumelhart & Todd, 1993; McClelland, 1995; Plunkett & Sinha, 1992; Quinn & Johnson, 1997). The inter- nal representations of such networks exhibit both progressive differentiation and stage-like transitions. However, the the- oretical basis for the ability of neuronal networks to exhibit such strikingly rich nonlinear behavior remains elusive. What are the essential principles that underly such behavior? What aspects of statistical structure in the input are responsible for driving such dynamics? For example, must networks exploit nonlinearities in their input-output map to detect higher order statistical regularities to drive such learning? W 32 y ∈ R N 3 h ∈ R N 2 W 21 x ∈ R N 1 Figure 1: The three layer network analyzed in this work. Here we analyze the learning dynamics of a linear three layer network and find, surprisingly, that it can exhibit highly nonlinear learning dynamics, including rapid stage-like tran- sitions. Furthermore, when exposed to hierarchically struc- tured data sampled from a hierarchical probabilistic model, the network exhibits progressive differentiation of concepts from broad to fine. Since such linear networks are sensitive only to the second order statistics of inputs and outputs, this yields the intriguing result that merely second order patterns of covariation in hierarchically structured data contain statis- tical signals powerful enough to drive certain nontrivial, high level aspects of semantic development in deep networks. We outline our approach here in brief. We begin by de- composing the training set to identify important dimensions of variation using the singular value decomposition (SVD), which will turn out to be fundamental to our analysis. Next, we examine the equations governing gradient descent learn- ing and show that they can be solved in terms of the SVD of the training set. This solution analytically expresses the weight values of the neural network at any point in time dur- ing learning as a function of the input training set. Finally, we consider generating the training set from a hierarchical prob- abilistic generative model. We analytically calculate the SVD of training sets so generated, which in combination with our previous results gives a formal grounding for how neural net- works will learn about hierarchical categorical structure. We show that networks must exhibit progressive differentiation of categorical structure and stage-like transitions for any train- ing set generated by a class of hierarchical generative models. Decomposing the training set Our fundamental goal is to understand the dynamics of learn- ing in neural networks as a function of the training set. To- ward this goal, in this section we introduce the singular


New burn intensive care unit (BICU) nurses in the Burn Center complete an evidence-based preceptorship to include standardized wound care education that is reinforced throughout preceptorship. A gap in skill sustainment was identified; factors include lack of a formal sustainment program, inconsistent reinforcement of wound care skills and a perceived decrease in pride in wound care. The purposes of this project are to 1) develop and implement a wound care skill sustainment program 2) re-establish confidence in wound care and 3) improve the quality of wound care delivered in the BICU.

 A Wound Improvement Project (WIP) committee was formed FEB 2018 consisting 8 BICU nurses; the BICU Nurse Manager and Wound Clinical Nurse Specialist serve as consultants. WIP developed several learning modules and is now developing a wound skill sustainment program and evaluation tool based on the Burn Nurse Competency Initiative (BNCI) standards. BICU staff complete an anonymous survey about wound care confidence every 6 months. WIP mentors and evaluates competency through direct observation during 3 assigned shifts with each BICU nurse. Wound care documentation is audited monthly and a wound care quality audit tool is being developed. Descriptive statistics, student's T-test, and ANOVA were used.

 The confidence survey was given in Spring 2018 (n=52), Winter 2019 (n=33) and Summer 2019 (n=64); each question showed significant improvement. Notably "how confident would you be doing a full body wound care by yourself with some help turning" improved from 4.12 (±1.17) to 4.64 (±0.65, p=.01). 24 BICU staff have been evaluated with 40 pending completion. No significant difference was found in skill competency between the 3 WIP assigned shifts; however self-evaluation for "how comfortable/confident do you feel advocating for a different type of wound care treatment for your patient" improved from 6.1 (±2.2) to 7.5 (±1.9, p< .0001). Average wound documentation scores improved from 85% in FEB 2018 to 99% in FEB 2019.

 Wound care confidence and documentation have improved since initiation of WIP. Targeted education, bedside tools and workshops have all contributed. There is a positive trend (not significant) towards improved skill competency this is likely due to tool modifications and the small number of staff evaluated to date. Staff feedback has been positive with most staff finding WIP helpful. The long-term goal is to expand WIP to all areas of the Burn Center.

 BNCI standards are a framework for skill sustainment and progression of staff from competent towards proficient and expert. Development and evaluation of nurse-led sustainment programs are needed across the burn community.


The current curriculum that the government considers to be the most capable to become the new outlook in the focus of educational references is the 2013 curriculum. In contrast to the previous curriculum, the 2013 curriculum in its implementation plan is claimed to provide solutions to the constrained progress of the Indonesian nation through a character that possesses a scientific approach so that the educational output will be in line with the expectations. The scientific approach consists of observing, asking, reasoning, experimenting and communicating. Viewed from the steps of a scientific approach, it would seem easier if this approach is applied in scientific subjects because it is indeed a frequently used step in science, such as observing objects, seeking information, reasoning, experimenting, etc. However, what if the application of this approach is applied to the subjects of Islamic Study. The results of the research are (1) The implementation of teaching and learning conducted by Islamic Study teachers by using scientific approach was by preparing instructional tools in the form of the annual program, semester program, syllabus and lesson plan. (2) The implementation of teaching and learning conducted by Islamic Study teachers by using scientific approach covered three main stages: preliminary activities, main activities (observing, asking, reasoning, experimenting, and communicating), and closing activities. (3) The evaluation of teaching and learning outcomes conducted by Islamic Study teachers by using a scientific approach was by using the evaluation process and learning outcomes.


Abstract A request to undertake long term individual work with abused children after initial Child Protection investigation and subsequent Court proceedings, gave rise to the issue of how best to develop skills for staff who are trained in Child Protection Work. The Authors were approached by the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children (NSPCC) (Eastern Region) to offer consultation to individual staff, who were particularly concerned about ways of understanding and communicating with children who presented with complex and powerful emotional feelings as a consequence of abuse. This paper describes one way of enabling staff to develop skills in working individually with children. Of particular interest is the interaction between the child and the worker.


An analysis of performance characteristics of modern disks finds that prefetching can improve the performance of nonsequential read access patterns by an order of magnitude or more, far more than demonstrated by prior work. Using this analysis, we design prefetching algorithms that make effective use of primary memory, and can sometimes gain additional speedups by reading unneeded data.We show when additional prefetching memory is most critical for performance. A contention controller automatically adjusts prefetching memory usage, preserving the benefits of prefetching while sharing available memory with other applications. When implemented in a library with some kernel changes, our prefetching system improves performance for some workloads of the GIMP image manipulation program and the SQLite database by factors of 4.9x to 20x.


Physical Education (PE) is an integral part of the school curriculum and therefore learners are required to take part in it actively. As such, schools have been identified as learning environments with the capacity to equip learners with the positive attributes of the physical education curriculum. However, while great emphasis have been placed upon the benefits associated with PE, little is known on the relationship between institutional factors and implementation of PE curriculum in private primary schools in Kajiado North Sub-county, Kajiado County. The purpose of this study was to establish this relationship between institutional factors and implementation of PE curriculum in private primary schools in Kajiado North Sub-county, Kajiado County. The study was anchored on Social-ecological Theory. The study adopted ex post facto design in which the researcher did not have direct control of independent variables. The study population comprised of 100 PE teachers from 25 sampled private primary schools. Data was collected using two research tools namely Physical Education Teachers' Questionnaire (PETQ) and a Physical Education Equipment and Facilities Checklist (PEEFC). Items from data collection instruments were reviewed for content construct and face validity. Reliability of the instruments was established using Cronbach's Coefficient Alpha. The instrument yielded an Alpha coefficient of 0.72 which was considered acceptable. Data was analyzed using both descriptive (mean, frequency and percentages) and inferential statistics; Chi-square, Pearson product moment coefficient and Multiple regression. Administrative factors made the greatest significant contribution to the prediction of implementation of PE curriculum (β = 0.481, t = 4.716, p 0.05) was not a potent predictor. The study therefore concluded that there is a positive relationship between institutional factors and implementation of PE curriculum in private primary schools in Kajiado North Sub-county. The major drivers of PE curriculum implementation were; the administrators of the particular school and the availability of equipment and facilities in the school. The study recommended that proper policies and procedures regarding size of land should be adhered to when establishing a private school. There should also be annual budgeting for PE equipment and facilities to ensure proper implementation of PE is carried out. PE teachers should attend in-service courses and workshops to improve on their competencies in implementing PE curriculum in schools.


Monitoring ocean acidification (OA) is very important for healthy fisheries and marine ecology systems, especially in coastal areas, like the Boston Harbor and the Massachusetts Bay areas. This problem is particularly exacerbated in this region as it is related to the so-called reduced "buffering capacity" of the New England coastal waters. Sea Surface Temperature (SST) is one of the significant OA indicators; however, accurate in-situ data collection in a vast area is very costly while daily satellite observations provide only coarse information along the coastal areas. To this end, best estimation and uncertainty bounds of SST fields can be obtained from data fusion using Gaussian Process regression (GPR). Using single- and multi-fidelity GPR, confidence limits of coastal data can be established and furthermore a comprehensive multi-fidelity monitoring strategy that integrates satellite observation and in-situ measurements can be designed.


Examining the burning issue of global warming, the authors argue for a move away from fossil-fuel dependence, and suggest ways in which industry can prevent rather than precipitate environmental catastrophes.


With the rapid increase in connectivity and complexity of 6G-enabled Internet-of-Things (IoT) networks, security has become a critical concern due to the integration of various devices. Analog cooperative beamforming (ACB)-based physical layer security (PLS) algorithms have been investigated to effectively cope with such a security issue in massive IoT networks with limited hardware capabilities. However, in the existing work on ACB-based PLS, IoT nodes are typically assumed to follow Gaussian or uniform distributions, which limits the applicability in general IoT networks with arbitrary node distributions. For this reason, we propose a novel approach to analyze the secrecy rate of the ACB-based PLS scheme with arbitrarily distributed nodes using the non-parametric kernel method, where a kernel function is introduced to better estimate the actual node distribution from survey data.


Chinese poetry plays an important part in Chinese literature, and has been the focus of research and the way for Chinese people savor life and for their self-cultivation. The appearance of cognitive poetics shed the new light on the research of literature, especially on poetry. It rose up from the 1970s, combining the theories of literature and those of linguistics, and emphasized the recording and interpreting the psychological state of readers or, simply their reading of the texts which involves information processing, individual psychological states, it was naturally connected with the researches on the mind, cognition, and of course the investigation of language itself. This paper mainly attempts to applying cognitive linguistic theories to interpreting a very renowned Chinese ancient poem Qing Ming, written by Du.mu, a poet from Tang dynasty, and meanwhile digs it deeper about the above phenomena: various combinations of the same elements should have such different artistic and aesthetic effect.


Causal relations in ontology should be defined based on the inference types necessary to solve the tasks specific to application, as well as domain. In this paper, we present a model to define and to extract causal relations for application ontology, which is targeted, as a case study, to serve a question-answering (QA) system on fault-diagnosis of electronic devices. In the first phase, causal categories are defined by identifying the generic inference patterns of QA on fault-diagnosis. In the second, the semantic relations between concepts in the corpus denoting the causal categories are defined as causal relations. In the third, instances of causal relations are extracted using the lexical patterns from the definitional statements of terms in domain, and extended with information from thesaurus. On the evaluation by domain experts, our model shows precision of 92.3% in classifying relations at the definition phase and precision of 80.7% in identifying causal relations at the extraction phase.


Oxidation resistance of pulse electrodeposited Ni-W-P-SiC composite coating was studied by means of mass gain of oxidation and X-ray diffraction.The oxidation resistance of pulse composite coating was better than that of direct current composite coating.The oxide film mass of Ni-W-P-SiC pulse composite coating increased with the increase of oxidation temperature and oxidation time.The increase of oxide film mass was less when oxidation temperature was lower than 600℃ and the increase of oxide film mass was more when oxidation temperature was higher than 600℃.The effect of pulse frequency and duty ratio on oxidation resistance was relatively significant and good resistance was obtained in f=33~50Hz and r=0.4(or 0.6).Oxidation temperature had a great influence on the structure of Ni-W-P-SiC pulse composite coating.The amorphous feature of coating was weakened with the rising of oxidatiom temperature and time.


A scale (1 ft=1 m) model of a German coffered ceiling [E. Buchta, ''Noise Control Study of a Light and Air Permeable Coffered Ceiling at an MG‐Range in Northeim,'' Institute for Noise Control, Dusseldorf, Germany (1985)] and three variations were designed, built, and tested at CERL. To measure the efficiency of these ceilings, a scale representation of the spectral range for small arms fire was radiated through the suspended models. The noise reduction measured for these models is compared to theoretical design curves calculated by Cremer [L. Beranek, Noise and Vibration Control (Inst. of Noise Control Eng., Washington, DC, 1988)] for attenuation in lined ducts. When the ceilings are considered to be arrays of short lined ducts, Cremer's theory predicts the experimental noise reduction. Attenuation is found to be linearly dependent on the depth of the ceiling. In order to attenuate lower frequencies, the spacing between baffles must be increased. Therefore, size constraints will determine a lower bound on...


The utility model discloses an electric sintering furnace heater, which belongs to heating devices. The high-temperature electric sintering furnace heater is aimed to be difficult to deform and be reliable in electrode connection, and comprises a cylindrical structured body consisting of a shared electrode ring, three tile-shaped heating plates, heating electrodes and input electrodes. The three tile-shaped heating plates are fixed to an inner circle of the shared electrode ring, the heating electrodes are respectively fixed to the outsides of the heating plates, and the input electrodes are respectively fixedly connected with the heating electrodes by triangular wedges. Besides, a reinforcing ring (8) is arranged on the inner surface of each of the three heating plates (4), and a hoop (5) and a pressing plate (2) for tightly pressing the corresponding heating electrode (3) are arranged on each input electrode (1). The electric sintering furnace heater not only overcomes the shortcoming of easy deformation of heating plates and a shared electrode ring, but also improves reliability of connection of the heating electrodes with the input electrodes, and is an ideal heater for sintering tantalum capacitors.


Hurricane Matthew impacted a busy a travel weekend for Beaufort SC; however, the impacts were minimal and the city is back to full operations.


ABSTRACT: Significant progress has been made in understanding psychosocial, psychological, and environmental factors associated with suicide; however, it is only recently that attention has been paid to the understanding of the neurobiology of suicide. There are several studes that implicate the serotonin (5‐HT) system in suicide. Initial evidence awas obtainded from observations of low 5‐hydroxyin‐doleacetic acid (5‐HIAA) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of depressed patients with a previous history of suicide attempts. Several strategies have been used to examine the serotonergic system in suicidal behavior, which include the determination of serotonin and its metabolites in CSF and postmortem brain tissues as well as serotonin receptor sub‐types in postmorte brain tissues, and in platelets of suicidal patients. The neuroendocrine strategy, often termed teh "window to the brain," has been extensively used for studying the serotonergic system in suicide. This chapter will review the results obtained from neuroendocrine and serotonin studes in platelets. Initial studeis in platelets foccussed on determining serotonin uptake and serotonin trasporter binding sites in platelets of depresed and suicidal patietns. Whereas several studes have found decreased imipramine binding sites of platelets of depressed patients, imipramine binding sites in platelets of suicidal patients showed inconsistent results. Similarly, no consistent changes in 5‐HT uptake have been observed in platelets obtained from suicidal patients compared to nonsuicidal patients. On the other hand, studies of platelet 5‐HT2A receptors appear to be quite encourageing. Initialy several investigators indicated that they found an increase in platelet 5‐HT2A receptors in depressed patients. Subsequently, it was shown that platelet 5‐HT2A receptors in suicidaly depressed patients were significantly higher compared to nonsuicidally depressed patients and normal control subjects. It has also been shown that platelet 5‐HT2A receptors are increased in suicidal patients independent of diagnosis, similar to platelets. 5‐HT2A receptors have also been shown to be increased in the postmortem brain of suicide victims by several investigators, although some investigators do not find such an increase. The neuroendocrine strategy provides an important method for studying serotonin function in the central nervous system of depressed and suicidal patents. Using a serotonergic probe of 5‐HT1A receptors, several investigators examined ipsapirone‐induced prolactin release in suicidal patients and did not find it different that that of control subjects. On the other hand, fenfluramine, which causes release of serotonin and blocks serotonin uptake, causes a decreased release of prolactin in depressed patients compared to normal control subjects. Furthermore it has been shown by some investigators that fenfluramine‐induced prolactin release is also decreased in suicidal patients compared to normal control subjects. In summary, platelet and neuroendocrine studies have provided initial evidence sufficient to suggest serotonergic abnormalities in suicidal patients. Most earlier evidence is based on CSF 5‐HIAA studies, but it appears that 5‐HT2A receptors in both platelet and postmortem brain samples are increased in suicidal patients. The observation that platelet 5‐HT2A receptors are increased in suicidal patients independent of diagnosis provides a very useful potential biological marker for identifying suicidal patients.


With so much attention justif iably focused on the therapeutic advantages of the new treatment options in psychiatry, it is possible that clinicians may not always consider the potential problems associated with these agents. Although regarded by most as the gold standard for assembling evidence regarding the safety and efficacy of drugs, clinical trials have many serious limitations that affect the generalizability of findings into clinical practice. Methods for the recruitment of subjects to clinical trials do not always result in a research cohort that reflects the broader characteristics of society, or even the target population in which the drug is likely to be used. The duration of studies and the size of the cohorts involved may not be sufficient to allow the elucidation of adverse drug effects that are delayed in onset or are rare. Primary study end points are rarely designed to gain meaningful information regarding adverse events. The pervasive influence of the pharmaceutical industry on clinical trial design and implementation cannot be ignored. Until relatively recently, disclosure of negative findings was not always transparent, and the data from research undertaken in an era that predates reforms in this regard have sometimes formed the basis for regulatory decisions. The voice of the consumer, particularly the relatively marginalized consumer with a serious mental illness, has not always been adequately heard in discussions regarding drug safety. The skills and training of health professionals in disciplines that need to achieve insightful analyses of clinical trials data has not always been reliable. All of these factors mean that it is necessary to rely on more than just clinical trials data to gain an understanding of psychotropic drug safety profiles. How then is it possible to achieve a better understanding? Better undergraduate and postgraduate education in pharmacology and therapeutics will probably assist, but many would argue that it is necessary to study the use of drugs and their adverse effects on a widespread scale in the postmarketing context, so that lessons learned from the detection of medication-related harm can be used in a systematic fashion by policy makers, health administrators and healthcare practitioners to inform the process of healthcare delivery. Detailed pharmacoepidemiological research examining the effects of drugs used for the management of mental illnesses appears to be an approach that warrants attention. This style of research also offers the possibility of new knowledge regarding the effectiveness of treatments at a population level. Do new-generation antipsychotics really keep individuals out of hospital for longer than the cheaper drugs that have been available for longer? Do new-generation antidepressants work more quickly than older drugs? This approach can be used to address the interaction between psychotropic drug use and wider public health issues (e.g., to explore a possible relationship between psychoactive drugs and road traffic accidents). Other applications include the detailed investigation of possible relationships between a drug or drug class and a subtle adverse effect, and perhaps even investigating ways to mitigate the risk of these drug-related problems. There are many examples in which significant problems have become apparent Christopher P Alderman Author for correspondence: Repatriation General Hospital, Daw Park SA 5041, Australia and Quality Use of Medicines & Pharmacy Research Centre, University of South Australia, SA, Australia Tel.: +61 882 751 878 Fax: +61 883 740 225 chris.alderman@ health.sa.gov.au


Addition of clinically-relevant levels of 3′-Azido-3′-deoxythymidine (AZT) to cultured HepG2 cells increases the number of reactive radical species (reactive oxygen and nitrogen species [ROS and RNS]) as well as random mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Co-treatment of AZT-exposed cells with palm fruit juice (PFJ) mitigates AZT mutagenesis. These findings suggest that AZT-dependent mtDNA damage resulted from increased reactive species and that PFJ, a known anti-oxidant, mitigated such damage by decreasing the levels of these species. The present report tests the predictions that (1) PFJ mitigates AZT mutagenesis by reducing the burden of AZT-induced reactive species, and (2) AZT-induced mutations in mtDNA should predominantly consist of G → T and C → A substitutions characteristic of DNA oxidative damage. Levels of reactive species and mitochondrial mutagenesis were measured in HepG2 cells exposed AZT in the presence or absence of PFJ. Controls experiments showed that PFJ in HepG2 cells exhibited strong scavenging activity against hydrogen peroxide-induced ROS, the main reactive species generated by dysfunctional mitochondria. Despite this strong antioxidant activity PFJ did not decrease AZT-induced reactive species at a concentration that mitigated mtDNA mutations. Consistent with this observation, the spectrum of AZT-induced mutations did not fit the spectrum expected from direct mtDNA oxidative damage. Instead, the spectrum obtained was consistent with the majority of mutations (80%) arising from mitochondrial DNA polymerase errors induced by AZT. These observations suggest that oxidative damage was not the major contributor to AZT-induced mutations.


Abstract
Efficacy, safety and cost of an analgesic drug are important factors in determining its value to the clinician. These factors must be compared between drugs when used in doses of equal analgesic effect. The clinically important pharmacological properties of aspirin, acetaminophen, codeine, propoxyphene, pentazocine and the opiates are reviewed in this paper.


The research work deals with the synergistic analgesic activity of different composition of Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus) and Neem (Azadirachta indica) oils. The albino rats were divided into 9 groups and were administered orally different ratios of Eucalyptus and Neem 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 2:1 and 3:1, Control (normal saline was given orally) & Standard (Tramadol HCl) for 9 hrs. Results were expressed as mean ± SE. ANOVA followed Dunnet's multiple "t" test. P values < 0.05 (95% confidence limit) are considered statistically significant using software Graph Pad Prism 6 and found to produce analgesic effect in experimental animals and the efficacy of the different combination of oil was found to be comparable with that of standard drugs used Tramadol HCl. Amrita Asthana, Vandana. R. Nair, Kishu Tripathi*


There is provided a multilayer wiring board, which two opposed state is formed on the surface, a first resin insulating layer, a first resin insulating the second resin insulating layer to be laminated on the layer, and the first claim of the wiring pattern in contact with the resin insulating layer 1 the second surface of the wiring pattern in contact with the surface and a second insulating resin layer composed of a substrate body including a wiring pattern disposed between the first and the second resin insulating layer. The multilayer wiring board wherein the wiring pattern is extended in the planar direction of the substrate body is characterized in that the yirueojim embedded in both the first and the second resin insulating layer.


On the basis of reflecting the paradigms of Marxist Philosophy studies,I argue that the true paradigm is in shaping.It is better to call the surface differences as patterns.There are four basic patterns of Marxist philosophy studies in China: pattern of textbook reforming and principle studies,pattern of Marxist Philosophy History and Text-Document studies,pattern of Cinicization and dialogue between Chinese and western philosophy,and pattern of representing,problem-center and sphere-innovation.


In order to improve the actual effect of example education,we must face the present situation of example education,establish a scientific pattern of "example education",and pay attention to the role of the principle of benefit drive.


PurposeDrawing on dynamic capability theory, this study investigates how online–offline channel integration (OOCI) affects a firm's supply chain resilience and how such an effect is moderated by market turbulence and regulatory uncertainty.Design/methodology/approachA sample of 273 Chinese firms that conduct online and offline business and hierarchical regression analysis were used to examine the research model.FindingsThe results suggest that the effect of OOCI on supply chain resilience differs in terms of its dimensions (i.e. information integration, transaction integration and service integration). While information integration and service integration were positively associated with supply chain resilience, transaction integration had a non-significant relationship with supply chain resilience. Moreover, market turbulence negatively moderated the effect of transaction integration and positively moderated the effect of service integration. Regulatory uncertainty positively moderated the effect of transaction integration and negatively moderated the effect of service integration. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.Originality/valueThis study examines the effect of OOCI on supply chain resilience. It further explores the influence of market turbulence and regulatory uncertainty on the relationship between OOCI and supply chain resilience.


: In this paper, the curriculum system construction of "Chemistry and Society" is introduced, which focuses on highlighting the "general education" of this course. The course aims to improve and enhance the students' ability of critical thinking by helping students to clear up misunderstanding of chemistry and introducing the chemical common sense to students.


Many fruits including mango (Mangifera indica), key lime (Citrus aurantiifolia), African star apple (Chrysophyllum albidum) and African or bush pear (Dacryodes edulis) are nutritionally valuable as human food, however after consumption of the fruits, their seeds are discarded as wastes since they are of no commercial value and this results in disposal problems. Hence assessment of the constituents of such waste seeds will enable their application to be considered. In this study the proximate composition and phytochemical constituents of the seeds of Duncan mango (Mangifera indica), key lime (Citrus aurantiifolia), African star apple (Chrysophyllum albidum: C. acreanum) and African or bush pear (Dacryodes edulis: D.e.var.edulis) obtained from southern part of Nigeria have been investigated and compared for the four different seeds. The results obtained from the proximate analyses showed that the major constituent of the seeds are carbohydrates, proteins and fats. The key lime seed was found to contain more protein and fat compared to the other seeds while the African star apple seed was found to contain the least fat and more carbohydrate compared to the other seeds. The phytochemicals detected in all the seeds were tannins, glycoside, coumarins and phenols, however steroids were absent. Only African star apple seed contained saponins and alkaloids. The results further indicated that only the key lime seed was devoid of flavonoid and starch. Tannins in plants have been reported to be among the active agents that bring about coagulation and natural polymers (proteins, carbohydrate (starch) etc.) act as bridging flocculants. Saponins, flavonoids coumarins and phenols have also been reported to posses antibacterial potentials against pathogenic organisms. This study shows that these seeds contain these constituents and they are present in reasonable amount. Therefore it is concluded that these seeds can be investigated as possible coagulant aids for drinking water treatment.


The use of the terms "growth" and "acceleration" appears to be inconsistent in the literature and we believe this inconsistency has hindered our understanding of behaviour in the early stages of a fire. The development of a fire from a point ignition to some equilibrium state and the associated increase in fire size and intensity has been referred to variously as the fire growth (Pyne 1984); build-up (Luke and McArthur 1978); or acceleration (Chandler et al. 1983) phase of the fire. More specifically the "acceleration phase" has been used to describe the increase in rate of spread from ignition to a quasi-steady rate of spread (Luke and McArthur 1978, McAlpine and Wakimoto 1991). Characteristic curves showing the increase in rate of spread are illustrated for different fuel and weather conditions (Luke and McArthur 1978). Hypothetical models to describe these curves have been proposed by Cheney and Bary (1969), Van Wagner (unpublished) and McAlpine and Wakimoto (1991). They have been called acceleration curves and acceleration models. The terms growth and acceleration, however, represent different concepts that are not interchangeable. We would like to clarify these concepts and discuss the practical implications for fire managers.


There is a need for devices which will allow integration of photonic/optical computing subsystems into electronic computing architectures. This presentation reviews the nonlinear interface optical switch (NIOS) concept and then describes a new effect, the erasable optical memory (EOM) effect. We evaluate an extension of the NIOS device to allow simultaneous optical/electronic, i.e. dual mode, switching of light utilizing the EOM effect. Specific devices involve the fabrication of thin film tungsten (VI) oxide (WO3) and tungsten (V) oxide (W2O5) on the hypotenuse of glass (BK-7), fused silica (SiO2) and zinc selenide (ZnSe) right angle prisms. Chemical reactions and temporal response tests were performed and are discussed.


Bcl11b is a highly modified transcription factor that is required for T cell development. Stimulation of primary thymocytes through the MAP kinase pathways leads to a series of post‐translational modifications of Bcl11b that ultimately alter its function from a repressor to a derepressor of a model target gene. These modifications include hyperphosphorylation and desumoylation at 5 min, significant dephosphorylation at 30 min and then subsequent resumoylation at 60 min, followed ultimately by ubiquitination‐mediated degradation at 4 to 8 hours. We sought to define the sites of Bcl11b phosphorylation and sumoylation to better understand the role of these modifications in integrating the signals from extracellular stimulation into alterations of the gene network in developing thymocytes. We identified 23 sites of phosphorylation and one site of sumoylation by mass spectrometry analysis. We identified a second sumoylation site by site‐directed mutagenesis. For the phosphorylation sites, we have begun to define the kinetics of each site following thymocyte stimulation. Thus far, four distinct kinetic patterns are observed among the 23 sites. Further, we have found differential association of the activated ERK kinase and PP6 phosphatase subunits in complex with Bcl11b. (This work was supported by the NIH, grant R15 GM096243, and the OSU College of Pharmacy.)


Abstract Small liquid particles of lead having diameters in the range 100 .A.-3000 A have been supercooled to ∼90°c in a clean vacuum system attached to an electron microscope. This represents a much greater supercooling of lead than has hitherto been reported. Assuming that the liquid-solid transformation was controlled by homogeneous nucleation kinetics, a lower limit of the liquid-solid interfacial free energy is calculated to be ∼ 69 erg cm−2. This is much greater than the value of 33–3 erg cm−2 calculated by Turnbull (1950) from supercooling data.


The paper briefly introduces main characteristics of chitin fibre, primary issues of wool knitted materials application in next-to-skin apparel and design of applying chitin to different wool fibre fabric. It focuses on design processes of knitted fabric, including principle of materials proportion and specification, and technique of fabric texture design. Notices regarding needles arrangement, knitting notation, and cam-setting etc. during fabric knitting, as well as production basis are also presented hereon.


To report on the outcome of 35 patients with chest keloids who were treated with intercostal perforator flap surgery plus local radiotherapy at our hospital.


formation Service. Its major purpose is to study and describe the state's resources and industries for use and development. Reports of the Division are published in three series, Nebraska Geological Survey Bulletins, Nebraska Geological Survey Papers, and Nebraska Conservation Bulletins. Soil and water surveys are regularly published in the series of the U. S. Bureau of Chemistry and Soils and the U. S. Geological Survey.


Azathioprine is now widely used for the maintenance treatment of Crohn's disease, but there are concerns whether azathioprine could predispose to malignancy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. We report here a case of a 39-year-old non-smoking male with Crohn's disease who had been treated for 3 years with azathioprine and developed a lingual ulcer. Biopsy revealed squamous cell carcinoma, a tumour not previously associated with Crohn's disease.


Fatty acids form the major fuels for energy production of working heart and of skeletal muscle at rest and during moderate and prolonged exercise. Only a small proportion of fatty acids taken up by muscle is used for anabolic processes such as triacylglycerol and phospholipid synthesis, in contrast to adipose tissue and liver. Blood-borne fatty acids are delivered to muscle bound to albumin or from triacylglycerols in chylomicrons and very-low-density lipoproteins after hydrolysis by lipoprotein lipase. The fatty acids are very effectively extracted by the heart from blood, 40-60% during one transmit time (Opie et al., 1973), although they have to pass many barriers and compartments to reach the myocyte mitochondrion, where their main utilization (oxidation) takes place (Fig. I ) . Endothelial cells lining the intravascular space have to extract and transfer the fatty


This paper proposes a wireless-aware algorithm for emergency evacuation which combines plenty of key factors such as the road temperature, density and dispersal rate of persons, etc. through wireless sensors. And establish a single source to a single export evacuation model. At last, a simulation analysis is made to verify that the algorithm can effectively reduce the total time of emergency evacuation, adjust the number of person in the evacuation routes, and provide strong support to the decision makers.


Objective: Tibial cortex transverse distraction (TCTD) has been recently reported in treating diabetic foot ulcers. However, there is no further studies verifying the effectiveness. We performed TCTD combined with debridement and vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) for diabetic foot ulcers to test the effectiveness.Methods: This study includes 25 patients with diabetic foot ulcers from 3 hospitals. The ulcers of all the cases didn't heal for over 3 months. Then we performed TCTD combined with debridement and VSD for them. After the surgery, the patients were regularly followed-up for more than one year.Results: Among all the patients, one case underwent amputation because of aggravated infections. There were no cases with complication like tibia fractures. Pin-site infections occurred in 2 patients. The infected pin-site healed after changing dressings for 2 weeks. For the rest 22 patients, their ulcers healed at postoperative 8.2 ± 4.5 weeks. The postoperative visual analogue score (VAS) which indicated pain degree, reduced significantly when compared with preoperative VAS.Conclusions: When combined with other measures like debridement and VSD, TCTD can bring advantages for patients diagnosed with diabetic foot ulcers, and the trauma of this operation remains a factor to be considered.Type of study/level of evidence: Therapeutic IV.


Based on the panel and serial statistical data, the main factors of regional urbanization and eco-environment coupling, temporal-spatial distribution of the coupling degrees have been researched. The results show: 1) Through grey associative degree analysis, it can be seen that the urban population transfer, economic growth, social service function and level are the main momentums for urbanization to affect eco-environment. Furthermore, the paper selects 16 items of urbanization and 10 items of eco-environment to reveal the coupling mechanism of regional urbanization and eco-environment. 2) The distribution of the coupling degrees basically conforms to the discrepant rule that the coupling degrees are lower in the eastern belt and the western belt, and higher in the middle with an inverse "U" shape. According to the coupling degree distributions and the stages of regional urbanization and economic development, the 31 provinces can be divided into four types, i.e., that are harmony, amelioration, confliction and low-level coupling, but the conflictive type is dominant, reaching 50%. 3) There exist significant phases and undulatory characteristics for the temporal evolvement of urbanization and eco-environment coupling, in which the former stage takes on inverse "U" shape and the latter stage rising curve shape.


Quantum dot infrared photodetector is extension of quantum well infrared photodetector and is expected to possess the physical potential to achieve the highest IR detector performance. This paper reports a backside-illuminated 256x256 infrared focal plane array based on InAs/GaAs quantum dot device with special designed AlGaAs blocking layers. The quantum dot structures were grown by solid-source molecular beam epitaxy and showed broadband normal-incidence photo response. The response peaks are tunable depending on device structure and applied bias voltage. High performance silicon CMOS read out integrated circuit was developed following standard foundry compatible processing. Indium bump and flip chip bonding technology were utilized to electrical and mechanical hybridization between the FPA detectors and read out chip. A specific detctivity of above 1×1^10cm-Hz(superscript 1/2)/W was achieved at 80 K and a bias of 0.3 V The thermal image of 256x256 QD FPA has been demonstrated at temperature as high as 135 K.


In the framework of a revision of Raunkiaer's classification of life forms, a new life form, aerophyte, is proposed for use in vegetation science. Aerophytic plant com- munities are described based on own observations and those of other authors. An extended system of life forms is proposed.


Abstract : The M&V Toolkit is a set of spreadheets and macros that can be used to estimate Measurement and Verification (M&V) costs. It allows a user to determine what method of monitoring will provide the necessary data at an acceptable cost. The toolkit estimates costs for four M&V methods (organized by methods of gathering data), each compatible with IPMVP 2001 and AHRAE Guide-line 14 standards. The methods included are: long-term analysis, short-term analysis, monthly utility bill analysis, and a calibrated simulation model. Summaries of costs for various methods can be easily compared using built in report summaries.


The cultivar investigation and classification of Chaenomeles speciosa in Taian City were carried out.The result shows there exist 10 cultivars recorded,in which one was first reported.The main characteristics of the 10 cultivors were analyzed by morphology comparison and a key was compiled for determination.


The average daily metabolic rate (ADMR) of root voles ( Microtus oeconomus Pallas) were measured at several ambient temperatures(Ta), 10℃ -30℃ at the Research Station of Alpine Meadow Ecosystem at Menyuan, Qinghai (3200M elevation).Three measurements were taken during the year: Green up period (May), Exuberance period (July-Aug.) and Withering period (Sept. -Oct.).
The results showed that the ADMR increased while the Ta decreased below 25℃ Ta . The ADMR was the highest in the Withering period (5.31mlO_2/g·h) and the lowest in the Green upperiod(4.46mlO_2/g·h).In the Exuberance period it was 4.58mlO_2/g·h.
The animals' average daily energy requirement estimated by ADMR was approximately 0.513kcal/g.day in the Green up period, 0.527 kcal/g.day in the Exuberance period, and 0.611 kcal/g.day in Withering period.


Experience economy is the new economy form that satisfied people's various experience need.Tourism is experience activity essentially.Tourism product is the core that the tourism enterprises compete for.The article,taking the experience economy theory as basis and taking Taining County of Fujian Province as example,has brought forward the three elements of experience tourism product,that is,subject,activity and image,has analyzed the inherent relation of the three elements and has designed the three elements of the experience tourism product.


• In a number of cases the effect of heat is intended for preservation alone, i.e. to kill bacteria and inactivate enzymes, such as in the pasteurisation of milk and the sterilisation of canned food. In this case the aim is to deliver the required microbial kill with as little damage to the structure of the food as possible. • In the processing of foods, such as meats and vegetables, heat acts also to develop taste and flavour, so that in addition to sterilisation heat is required to carry out physical changes to the food. • However, in many other situations food is heated to develop the structure of the material, such as in baking of bread or biscuits, where heating acts both to change the starch structure and function and also to develop the bubble structure within the material (for examples, see Campbell et al., 1999). • There are also situations, such as drying and frying, in which heat transfer is accompanied by mass transfer, and the two effects must be considered as coupled; evaporation of moisture in drying requires heat transfer to provide the necessary heat.


Palm oil industry contributes significantly to Malaysian economy. However, there seem to be very few studies conducted on improving the palm oil production process. Specifically, there is seemed to be lacked of studies on the application of simulation modelling in improvement activities conducted on palm oil mills. This study addressed this gap by demonstrating the application of simulation modelling in improving or evaluating potential improvements before the improvements are being carried out in the palm oil mill. In order to conduct this research, a palm kernel plant production process in a local palm oil mill had been studied. Two models representing the existing and improved process had been developed and compared. The comparison indicated that the new improved model of the kernel plant does increase the system throughput by 26.7%.


For improving the current level of forest fire management,this paper has analyzed the advantage of forest fire ecology management system and explained its characteristics and achieved methods through discussion on the theory of forest fire ecology management system.It was point out that the forest fire management should gradually improve the level of forest fire ecology management system.


Professor Tholfsen's well-researched and informative book is centered on the stark contrast between the tensions and conflicts of the Chartist era and the calm self-confidence of 1848-1875. He seeks to explain the processes that created the viable class system of mid-Victorian England out of the polarized society of the two hungry decades before 1848.


The circus and circensian practices lend themselves particularly well to the Latin American avant-gardes as privileged proletarian spaces encompassing both the "crafty" extreme of carnival—in Bakhtin's sense of subversive and artisan—as well as the commercial, technological aspects of the emerging mass media. This article focuses on the circus as a key link between traditional and modern culture in early twentieth-century Argentina. In particular, it examines the writing of Leónidas Barletta and Raúl González Tuñón, both figures loosely associated with the avant-garde Boedo movement. In the work of these writers, I argue, the circus operates primarily metonymically rather than metaphorically: through a series of interventions, principally Tuñón's early poems and Barletta's novel Royal Circo, the working-class suburb of Buenos Aires is laid out as a living theater of marginality in which the circus performs a central role. In his novel, Barletta sees the circensian as a site of greed and hunger in need of either liquidation or refinement—the latter option put to practice in Barletta's later work as founder and director of the influential Teatro del Pueblo. Tuñón, on the other hand, reconstitutes the circensian as a vital "osmotic" space between memory and modernity, in the process showing how apparently marginal cultural practices could be reconstituted through literary expression.


When nitrobenzol is illuminated by an intense picosecond pump beam at nm, it displays a two-photon absorption (TPA) phenomenon which can be explained by the presence of the excited states in the calculated level diagram. The combination of TPA and optical Kerr effect leads to a strong modulation of the transmission of a probe beam in the presence of a pump beam, according to their time delay.


Hopf algebras of functions and operators are utilized to develop a mathematical construction scheme for building algebraic random walks. The main construction treats systems of covariance formed by translation operator and its associated operator valued measures on e.g. the circle and the line, and derives an algebraic quantum random walk by means of completely positive trace preserving maps. Asymptotic limit of the action of such maps is shown to lead to quantum master equations of Lindblad type. 2000 MSC: 57T05, 60B15, 81R15


This study demonstrate diffractive light from an anisotropic photonic crystal (PCs) based on holographic polymer-dispersed liquid crystals (HPDLCs) that are
fabricated using two-beam interference with various pitch and exposure energy. One of the most powerful approaches for the analysis of PCs structure is 2×2 Jones method,
which is widely used for most simple cases. But, in case of anisotropic structures which more microscopically or complex, it cannot analyze with accuracy in this method. In this research, we have studied and analyzed the modulation of light and liquid crystal reorientation in one-dimension anisotropic PCs from HPDLCs using FDTD method. HPDLCs is modeling as a mixture of polymer and liquid crystals (LCs) that categorized as an anisotropic medium. FDTD method is directly solve Maxwell's equation with less approximation, so this method can analyze more flexible and general approach for the arbitrary anisotropic media. As the results from FDTD simulation, Bragg diffraction is occurred when Q>10 and highest diffraction efficiency occurred at ±19 degrees (Bragg angle) when incident beam is p polarization. Therefore, we can assumed the liquid crystal
is aligned parallel to the grating constant vector (n // k) from perpendicular alignment (n  k) at low exposure energy or wider pitch grating. Furthermore, by using FDTD
method, PCs model with no alignment of different sizes liquid crystal droplets that become smaller to the thickness direction or assumed as polymer are agreed with
experimental results. Moreover, we can understand that the trend of diffraction efficiency become wider if the thickness of liquid crystal droplet is shorter.


Ginglymodians (e.g. gars) are a group of holostean fishes with a rich fossil history in the Mesozoic. The resolution of interrelationships among extinct ginglymodians is central to the problem of understanding the origin of this clade. Here, a new fossil ginglymodian, Diandongichthys ocellatus gen. et sp. nov., is described based on 13 well-preserved specimens from the Early-Middle Triassic (Anisian) marine deposits exposed in Luoping, eastern Yunnan, China. The discovery documents one of the oldest and smallest ginglymodians hitherto known from the Middle Triassic, with a maximum standard length of 41 mm. Diandongichthys, although displaying several synapomorphies of ginglymodians, retains some primitive states with respect to other early ginglymodians (e.g. a short snout without anterior infraorbitals, a maxilla ending below the orbit, and a median gular); consequently, it is nested at the base of the Ginglymodi in this phylogenetic study. Besides body shape, some autapomorphies on the cranial bones and caudal fin easily distinguish Diandongichthys from other members of this clade. The discovery provides new insights into the origin and early diversification of ginglymodian fishes.


Purpose
This paper aims to present the progress of the implementation of sustainability in business schools in line with the United Nations Principles for Responsible Management Education (PRME) and its principles of responsible management education.

Design/methodology/approach
By analyzing the content of the Sharing of Information on Progress reports from PRME signatories, this study identified significant developments in the strategies business school use to implement sustainability. However, it seems that a framework that business schools can apply to accomplish that goal is still lacking. This paper proposes a framework that addresses four components of the integration process and stresses the important role of stakeholders. The authors discuss the results from 2021 in comparison to the results of a previous analysis of the first 100 signatories from 2010 and analyze the findings in relation to the developed framework.

Findings
This study shows that business schools have improved their sustainability engagement in many areas (e.g. education offerings and teaching methods, campus practices and engaging stakeholders). However, less attention has been paid to other aspects, such as reviewing and assessing, capability development or communication, which could slow the transformation process. The authors discuss further implications of the findings for enhancing the PRME signatories' ability to implement the underrecognized aspects.

Originality/value
While the analysis focuses on the status and progress of the integration of PRME within business schools during the past decade, the framework may enable higher education institutions to analyze their potential to implement change and plan future transformation strategies.


Citation for published version (APA): Adriaenssen, H. T., & Georgescu, L. (2022). Introduction: The Digbean Way, or Navigating Between the 'Old' and the 'New'. In L. Georgescu, & H. T. Adriaenssen (Eds.), The Philosophy of Kenelm Digby (16031665) (pp. 1-34). (International Archives of the History of Ideas Archives internationales d'histoire des idées ; Vol. 239). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99822-6_1


Summary Models for estimating food consumption in fish by analysing changes in stomach fullness over time are invariably based on a stomach evacuation rate obtained when the fish is fasting, on the assumption that this rate also applies to when the fish is feeding. However, this often is not the case in fish that feed on small particles. A new modelling approach was therefore tested, which is based not only on stomach fullness but also on gut contents. To eliminate errors arising from assimilation in the gut, titanium(IV) oxide (TiO2) was used as an indigestible marker. When applied to a dataset obtained from tilapia given several equal doses of pelleted feed over a 2.5-h period, the new approach gave a closer true consumption estimate than a conventional model. The evacuation rate proved to be a more sensitive parameter than the ingestion rate, but the former was no longer required by the new approach for estimating ingestion, thus liberating the food consumption estimate from any errors and dependencies inherent in the evacuation rate. The new approach assumes that the digesta of previous feedings can be distinguished from those of the feeding phase being analysed and therefore needs further refinement for those cases when this does not apply. Suggestions for such refinements are also given. This new approach is expected to be equally suitable for estimating consumption in stomachless fish.


plementary movie 3). The near-circular morphology of the sub aortic membrane with a central opening was also evident on 3D echocardiography when viewed in the parasternal orientation (Fig. 2C, Supplementary movie 4) and from the left ventricular side (Fig. 2D). Patient is now planned for surgical intervention with possible repair of the mitral valve and resec-tion of sub aortic membrane. Shone et al. 1) first described a complex congenital cardiac anomaly in 1963 which included PMV, supra mitral ring, sub aortic stenosis and coarctation of aorta. Partial forms of Shone complex are also described where only two or three out of four obstructive lesions are present. A good outcome is possible in patients with this rare anomaly if the surgical intervention is undertaken early before the onset of pulmonary hyperten-sion. 2) Precise anatomical imaging of the PMV as well as the sub aortic membrane is necessary before the surgical intervention. Our case demonstrates how cropping the 3D data set can give rise to unique imaging views for sub valvar structures like chordal attachments of the PMV as well as the near-circular morphology of the sub aortic membrane which were not A 10-year-old child was referred to our department for the evaluation of dyspnea on effort of New York Heart Association functional class III. General examination was unremark-able. Cardiac examination revealed a normal first heart sound, loud second heart sound, no opening snap, a mid-diastolic and a pansystolic murmur at the apex and a grade III/IV ejection systolic murmur at the right second parasternal area. Two dimensional transthoracic echocardiography with color Doppler showed the presence of a partial supra mitral ring and a parachute mitral valve (PMV) leading to severe sub valvar mitral stenosis along with severe eccentric mitral regurgitation (Fig. 1A, B, and C, Supplementary movie 1 and 2). There was also a subaortic membrane which resulted into severe subvalvar aortic stenosis (Fig. 1A). The aortic valve was quadricuspid (Fig. 1D) and there was no coarctation of aorta. Based upon these findings, a diagnosis of a partial form of Shone complex was made. Three dimensional (3D) transthoracic echocardiog-raphy clearly delineated the unifocal attachment of the PMV as well as the slit like opening in the inter chordal region that caused severe subvalvar mitral stenosis (Fig. 2A and B, Sup-KEY WORDS: Shone complex · Parachute mitral valve · Sub aortic membrane · Three dimensional echocardiography. which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, …


ABSTRACT Earlier studies reported that certain large hydrophobic poloxamer surfactants were able to inhibit the growth of Mycobacterium avium-M. intracellulare complex (MAI) in broth and to produce synergistic enhancement of the activity of rifampin. CRL-1072 was synthesized to have an optimal structure for antimicrobic effects and greater purity. Its MIC for MAI in broth was greater than 100 μg/ml. Surprisingly, its MIC for MAI growing in human U937 monocytoid cells was much lower, 5 μg/ml. A still lower concentration, 0.1 μg/ml, produced synergistic enhancement of the activities of clarithromycin, rifampin, amikacin, streptomycin, and clindamycin, but not isoniazid, against MAI infecting monocytoid cells. Mice tolerated injection of doses of CRL-1072 as high as 125 mg/kg of body weight. Pharmacokinetic analysis revealed that the copolymer had an elimination half-life of 60 h and suggested dosing regimens that might produce therapeutic concentrations in tissue. In a mouse model of acute MAI infection, CRL-1072 significantly enhanced the bactericidal activities of clarithromycin and rifampin when it was administered at 1.0 mg/kg intravenously (i.v.) three times per week. CRL-1072 given i.v. or orally also enhanced the bactericidal activity of clindamycin against MAI.


The structures of two low-temperature incommensurate NbTe4 phases, LTI and LT2, were studied by computer simulations of electron diffraction patterns. The room-temperature (2~/Zao x 16c0), LTI (2ao × 16Co) and LT2 (2ao × 32Co) phases separately, as well as in combination (2ao × 32Co), were considered as long-period commensurate superstructures. The space groups of these phases were found to be P4/m, P4/n, I4/m and P42/m, respectively. The LT~ phase is generated by the same modulation along columns with 11 periods in 16Co as determined earlier for the room-temperature structure but with slight opposite longitudinal shifts of half of the columns. LT2 is formed by a weak clockwise and anticlockwise rotation of alternate room-temperature or LT~ modulation maxima resulting in a doubling of the LT~ modulation length to 11 periods in 32c0. Both phases are considered as precursor effects to the low-temperature lock-in phase.


A case is reported of multiple microabscesses confined to the left cerebral hemisphere and an aneurysm of the left common carotid artery. The aneurysm was presumed to be mycotic, secondary to extension of a tonsillar and pharyngeal infection. Infected microemboli dislodged from the aneurysmal sac were presumed to be the cause of the multiple microabscesses.


This paper considers the problem of harmonization of economic interests in mutual relations between the employee and the employer of the economic organization through a prism of the economic theory of stimulus. Mutual relations between the employee and the employer in the economic organization are accompanied transaction costs and the control costs which combination and size define a choice of type of the contract which typology is presented in work. A condition of maintenance of long contract relations between the employee and the employer in the economic organization is construction of the stimulating contract which maintenance allows each participant to take the maximum utility in all admissible forms. On the basis of studying of interests of each party, conditions of the conclusion and base parameters, the model of the effective stimulating contract between the employee and the employer in the economic organization is developed.


Bit-patterned media recording (BPMR) has been developed into a technology for the next generation of hard disc drives, which can push area density beyond 1 Tb/in2 for satisfying the ever increasing demand of storing massive amounts of data. One of the major challenges in BPMR systems is 2-D interference that is regarded as a gist of degrading the system performance. From a signal processing viewpoint, 2-D optimal detection schemes are very complicated for 2-D interference channels. In this paper, we propose a twin iterative detection scheme based on 1-D detectors and decoders in order to reduce the complexity. The performance of the proposed scheme is compared to that of a conventional simplified 2-D iterative detection scheme, and the results indicate that the proposed model is better by approximately 1 dB under the effect of 10% track misregistration.


1 In the last several years, the government of Belize, through its Ministry of Natural Resources, has granted at least seventeen concessions for logging on lands totaling approximately 480,000 acres in the Toledo District, its most southern political subdivision. The rural parts of the Toledo District that are affected by the concessions are inhabited primarily by Maya people, descendants of the Maya civilization that flourished throughout substantial parts of Mexico and Central America hundreds of years prior to European colonization in the Western Hemisphere. On November 29, 1996, Maya organizations initiated in the Supreme Court of Belize, the trial court of general jurisdiction, an action challenging the granting of the logging concessions. In the lawsuit, the Maya assert rights over lands and resources that are included in the concessions and seek to have the concessions enjoined and declared in violation of Maya rights.'


Null steering and beam steering are known well as anti-jamming methods in GPS anti-jamming system. Null steering gets a noise attenuation effect for the direction of jamming and beam steering earns additional gain synthesis for the direction of satellite signals. According to the research in the article for signal processing, it expresses that the N array antenna is effective for N-1 number of jamming signal by math public interest, however, the two algorithms analysis is not unknown for the operating condition of the realistic vehicle. In this paper, we modeled anti-jamming system using 4 and 7 array antenna and showed the two algorithms performance (PM, LCMV) when considering the number of antenna array, jammers and vehicle position (horizontal, vertical). In result, we showed that the case of vertical position of the vehicle which has large tilt angle for the relative position of satellites and jammers, has about 10 dB gain more in comparison with one of vertical position in spite of same JSR condition.


Using outward rotations, we obtain an approximation algorithm for MAX n/2-UNCUT problem, i.e., partitioning the vertices of a weighted graph into two blocks of equal cardinality such that the total weight of edges that do not cross the cut is maximized. In many interesting causes, the algorithm performs better than the algorithms of Ye and of Halperin and Zwick. The main tool used to obtain this result is semidefinite programming.


The velocities of the ultrasonic waves in sodium chlorate crystal, viz., V12 and V13, with propagation direction (100) and vibration direction (010) and (001), respectively, are found to be equal to within 0.1%. This shows that the classical theory of elasticity is adequate to describe the elastic behavior. The elastic constants of this crystal, obtained by the author using the pulse‐echo method, are also reported. The effect of piezoelectricity on the elastic constants of sodium chlorate crystal is shown to be too small, well within the present experimental accuracy.