Human urinary Adenosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) was studied in 90 normal healthy volunteers (49 males and 41 females) aged between (11 months -55 years), and 86 leukemia patients (48 males and 38 females) of four types (25 ALL, 28 AML, 14 CLL, 19 CML) aged between (11 months 65 years). The study includes the following:Extraction and purification of urinary cAMP from the interfering nucleotides, proteins, phosphates and pyrophosphates, by using Zinc sulphate –Barium hydroxide precipitation. The extracted cAMP was purified by using Dowax 50W-H hydrogen form column chromatography (1x5 cm). Identification of the purified cAMP, this was achieved by applying the following techniques: aU.V analysis: Scanning the samples and standard cAMP at (220-300 nm) in acidic, basic and neutral pH by using (Helios alpha type) spectrophotometer. Shifts in the wave length were found in acidic and basic mediums comparing with the neutral pH for all of standard, normal and leukemia cAMP. bTLC analysis: Using Silica gel G60 (20 X 20 cm) TLC plates with solvent system (nbutanol: glacial acetic acid: water, (2:5:3 V/V). The Rf value for standard was 0.44 cm and for purified normal and leukemia cAMP were found to be closer to the standard value (0.43 and 0.45 cm respectively). cHPLC analysis: Using HPLC 10AVP consist of two deliver pumps, with methanol: water 50:50 V/V as mobile phase and flow rate of 1ml/min, the separation was performed on reversed phase (250 X 4.6 mm column). The eluted chromatogram was monitored by U.V-VIS 10AVSPD detector The retention time of urinary cAMP obtained from normal healthy and leukemic patients was 3.02 min which was close enough to the standard retention time. The results of the study showed that the level of purified normal and leukemia cAMP are of the values 15.87 ± 2.4 μmole/24 hours and 20.13 ± 0.881 μmole/24 hours respectively.


20/23 tumors under 2.5 cm in diameter showed a low DNA index, whereas 3/23 tumors showed a slightly increased DNA index. High DNA content or heterogeneous histograms were not deter-minable in this subgroup. Only these stage-pT r tumors represent a prognostically favorable subgroup for organ-preserving Operation under flow cytometric conditions.


station and on farmers' fields, for two consecutive years (2005-2006). Complete factorial combination of four topping treatments (no topping, topping at 20, 30 and 40 days-after emergence) and four seed rates (4, 6, 8, and 10 kg/ha) were tested in a randomized complete block design with three replications at each year. Leaf topping caused reduction in thousand seeds weight, seed and oil yield as compared to non-topping. From the experiment it was concluded that if the objective of the Ethiopian mustard production is for higher oil production, it should be planted at 8 kg/ha seed rate and avoiding leaf topping practice. However, if the objective of the production is for grain as well as leaf yields, planting it at a seed rate of 10 kg/ha and topping it 40 days after emergence is the best-recommended practice.


ABSTRACT Aim and objektive becomes a separate issue that affects the development of attraction. On the other side, the tourism attraction designed is closely with to the local communities. The Roles of Culture and Tourism as a related service that manages attraction, for a number of things, one internal party palace is still very protective in maintaining cultural assets attractions of Kraton AlMukarrammah. Activities undertaken palace often involve the wider community, the result will be the development of knowledge societies attraction Kraton Al-Mukarrammah minimal. The influence of local budgets that focus on the natural attractions in Sintang resulting cultural attractions are also obstacles in the process of development, especially the private sector and nongovernmental organizations Keywords: Aim and objektive, Development, Internal Party, Budget, and Privat


Retrospective case-control studies by others have suggested an association of female sex hormone ingestion by the mother with adverse fetal outcome particularly heart defects. We are now investigating this question as part of a complete analysis of the effects of maternal drug intake upon pregnancy outcome in data collected by 12 centers in the U.S. between 1958-1966 by the Perinatal Research Branch of the National Institute of Neuorlogical Diseases and Stroke. All mothers were interviewed prior to birth of the infant (avoiding the problem among others of memory bias that often arises in retrospective studies). This is the largest prospective study of its type in existence. Of 50282 pregnancies 2277 resulted in malformed infants. 1391 of these had a major defect including 404 with a cardiovascular malformation. 1536 mothers were exposed to a female sex hormone at some time during pregnancy 966 in the first 4 lunar months of gestation. A preliminary analysis indicates a suggestive association of maternal exposure both in early and later parts of gestation with infant malformations. This suggests adjustment for maternal bleeding (or other possible confounding factors) may weaken or explain the association. In a search for a possible causal effect of female sex hormones analyses of the association corrected for suspected confounding factor are now in progress. The results will be reported in detail.(Full text)


Aim To solve the road and theory puzzle in rural-urbanization of western areas.Methods Theoretical analysis and example study.Results Being short of enterprises impulse is the main obstacle of rural urbanization of western areas;the cluster initiatives are the effective approach of promoting the rural-urbanization of western areas.Conclusion Based on the current industries and polices,cluster initiatives can be carried out,and this will be a force to push the rural-urbanization of western areas.


Plato defined knowledge as justified, true belief. What knowledge do we have about the safety of silicone breast implants? Controversy over their safety has been raging for more than 60 years (1). To date, more than 400 case reports and series have been published about the possible association between silicone implants and various health conditions, including autoimmune disease. In addition, thousands of patients all over the world have ventilated their beliefs that their implants have made them sick, despite many studies that have failed to demonstrate a significant association between silicone implants and the conditions patients describe. Given the absence of solid evidence for an association between silicone implants and illness, should we seek alternative explanations for these patients' symptoms? In this issue, Balk and colleagues (2) report a comprehensive systematic review on long-term health outcomes in women with silicone gel breast implants. Their extensive search identified 32 longitudinal studies comparing health outcomes in women with and without such implants. Comparison groups in these studies included women with no implants, those with saline breast implants, and those with other types of cosmetic surgery. The researchers excluded studies of injected silicone, silicone tissue expanders, and the recalled implants produced by Poly Implant Prothse (La Seyne-sur-Mer, France). They concluded that there is insufficient evidence for an association between breast implants and such health outcomes as cancer (including primary breast cancer but excluding anaplastic large cell lymphoma); connective tissue, rheumatologic, and autoimmune diseases; reproductive and offspring disorders; and mental health conditions. However, their finding that no outcome had been investigated in at least 2 studies that yielded consistent estimates of associations was arguably their most significant finding. Moreover, adequate adjustment for possible confounders was generally lacking. Therefore, we continue to lack conclusive evidence about the safety of silicone gel breast implants. Of note, for patients who believe that their implants have made them sick, we lack sufficient evidence to exclude any association. According to Balk and colleagues, a liberal interpretation of the evidence could suggest a possible association between silicone gel breast implants and a slightly increased risk for rheumatoid arthritis, Sjgren syndrome, and Raynaud syndrome, but a strong association between these conditions and silicone implants is unlikely. However, patients with silicone implants who develop these well-defined conditions may have a different and more severe disease course than women without implants, and this might be the subject for a future study. We must recognize that although the evidence suggests absent or weak associations between silicone breast implants and connective tissue diseases defined according to conventional criteria, a pattern of symptoms mimicking atypical autoimmune diseases associated with silicone implants has been described in some reports (3, 4). The terms siliconosis and silicone reactive disorder have been coined to describe a cluster of symptoms, including extreme fatigue, sleep disturbances, myalgia, pyrexia, morning stiffness, joint pain, paresthesia, and memory loss (4). Similar symptoms have been described in some patients after implant rupture (5). In addition, capsular contracture has been shown to be associated with systemic symptoms and circulating immune complexes (6, 7). Women with silicone breast implants and systemic symptoms have also shown differences in human leukocyte antigen typing compared with asymptomatic women with implants, suggesting a possible role of the immune system in symptoms related to silicone implants (8). In 2011, similarities between symptoms of patients with silicone implants and immunologic reactions to other adjuvants, such as vaccines, were described, and the term autoimmune syndrome induced by adjuvants was proposed to describe this symptom complex (9). A cohort study of women with silicone breast implants and unexplained symptoms in the Netherlands found that 75% reported preexisting allergies (10). Several women in this cohort also noticed a severe increase in their existing allergies after implantation and a significant reduction after the implants were removed. Moreover, 80% of patients in this cohort had local symptoms, such as capsular contracture. Considering the aforementioned observations, one might postulate that women with implants and systemic symptoms have a different genetic constitution that renders them susceptible to both local complications, such as capsular contracture, and systemic symptoms with an immunologic basis. A logical next step would be to focus future studies on this group with unexplained symptoms to identify the underlying role of the immune system and how we might identify women at risk for complications if they were to receive silicone implants. It is unfortunate that we still lack definitive knowledge about this issue and long-term health outcomes after decades of research. This may be because we have focused too much on associations of silicone implants with well-defined, traditional diagnoses. Meanwhile, patients with unexplained, nonclassifiable systemic symptoms continue to demand help, or at least recognition. We fully agree with Balk and colleagues that [o]wing to the flaws and inconsistencies among the studies reviewed, further investigation is required to determine whether any true associations exist between silicone gel implants and long-term health outcomes. National Breast Implant Registries for postmarketing surveillance to detect long-term complications are long overdue in many countries. In addition, we believe that more research should be performed in women with unexplained systemic symptoms to explore their genetic susceptibility, the association of their systemic symptoms with local symptoms, and their response to explantation. More than half a century of controversy and investigation has not provided definitive answers about the safety of silicone gel breast implants. To paraphrase Plato, our and our patients' beliefs about their safety will only count as knowledge when we have evidence to justify those beliefs.


The economic success of any enterprise depends crucially on rigorous and well structured planning to facilitate decision-making. In industrial projects this planning is the first instrument on which industrials must be based to achieve their goals. The mathematical models are the great entrepreneur's allies to idealized situations simulation, which they could not be tested in actual venture, but which are fundamental in decision- making. The technique of genetic algorithms, mathematical model belonging to meta-heuristics, it is efficient in search engine optimized solutions, or approximately great, in a wide variety of problems, since they do not have the various limitations found in traditional search methods. This research work has been used the technique of genetic algorithms in decision-making in planning production of a milk cooperative, it has a variety of inputs for the production of certain milk products aiming a greater economic return and attending certain limitations of the factory. The results were considered very good since it was possible to plan the production, attending the constraints of the cooperative, while providing the greatest financial return.


The use of blockchain technology has shown great potential in various fields, including healthcare. This paper proposes a decentralized medical record storage system that utilizes Inter Planetary File System (IPFS) to store and retrieve medical records. The system uses blockchain technology to ensure secure and tamper-proof storage and retrieval of medical records while allowing patients to have full control over their own data. Implementation of smart contracts can be done to automate and streamline the process of granting access to medical records to authorized parties. The proposed system has several advantages over traditional medical record storage systems, including improved security, increased accessibility, and reduced costs. The proposed system has the potential to revolutionize the way medical records are stored and managed, and can greatly benefit patients, healthcare providers, and other stakeholders in the healthcare industry.


One of the most challenging problems in the question answering (QA) area is the lack of high-quality labeled data. However, the cost of manually labeling a question-answer (QA) pair from the target text is very high. One way to solve this problem is to automatically generate QA pairs from the target text. In this paper, we propose the Batch Normalization conditional VAE-QA pair generation (BNCVAE-QAG) model to generate QA pairs for a given text. First, we employ the Batch Normalization (BN) layer to prevent Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence from disappearing. We also design modules to extract spatiotemporal features from text contents, in addition, the self-attention mechanism is employed in the question decoder, which improves the accuracy and recall of results. Furthermore, we propose a question generalization mechanism to generate more QA pairs. We evaluate our BNCVAE-QAG model on several datasets. The experimental results show that our model has achieved an impressive performance improvement than the baseline.


The present study aimed to determine Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn concentrations using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer (FAAS) in five vegetables viz., Coriander (Coriandrum sativum), Mustard (Brassica campestris), Radish (Raphanus sativus), Spinach (Spinacea oleracea) and Chinese spinach (Amaranthus dubius), and their growing soils in three agricultural sites (Manohara, Bode, and Nagadesh) of Madhyapur Thimi, Bhaktapur district and to assess health risks using USEPA deterministic approaches. The average concentrations of HMs in soils were 0.85, 30.65, 40.06, 47.42, and 129.55 mg/kg for Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn respectively, exceeding the normal soil quality standards except Cr. Similarly, the average concentrations of HMs in vegetables were 0.42, 6.63, 22.33, 1.34, and 77.16 mg/kg for Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn respectively exceeding joint FAO/WHO standards except for Cu. The I-geo values revealed a class of unpolluted to moderately polluted levels for the agricultural soils indicating the 1st degree of soil pollution. Among the vegetables, Chinese spinach measured considerably high transfer factor (TF) for Cd (0.79), Cr (0.34), Cu (0.76), Pb (0.04), and Zn (0.89) indicating health concerns to the consumers. The hazard index (HI) for these HMs was found less than the acceptable limit (1.0) indicating no non-carcinogenic risk to adults through vegetable consumption. However, the lifetime carcinogenic risk (LCR) parameter indicated low to high cancer risk for Cd, Cr, and Pb. Among the vegetables, Chinese spinach estimated the highest LCR values for the HMs suggesting regular monitoring of HMs in soil and vegetable on account of their toxic effects.


The binding affinity of 17β‐estradiol with an immobilized DNA aptamer was measured using capillary electrophoresis. Estradiol captured by the immobilized DNA was injected into the separation capillary using pH‐mediated sample stacking. Stacked 17β‐estradiol was then separated using micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography and detected with UV‐visible absorbance. Standard addition was used to quantify the concentration of estradiol bound to the aptamer. Following incubation with immobilized DNA, analysis of free and bound estradiol yielded a dissociation constant of 70 ± 10 μM. The method was also used to screen binding affinity of the aptamer for estrone and testosterone. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of capillary electrophoresis to assess the binding affinity of DNA aptamers.


The different conclusions on a writer's identical works can be drawn in the different societies or from different angles.So at the present,taking a harmonious social construction as the viewpoint,to redepict Bingxin's personality and her literary style——initiating the thought of the beauty of Heaven and man and cherishing the nature;advocating spirit of striving vigorously and constantly for self-improvement;and holding a thinking mode of the mean on the sincere friendly affection will benefit to purify and cultivate our mind and help to construct a happy spiritual homeland.


Objective To determine six trace elements including Fe,Cu,Zn,Mn,Ca and Mg in lotus root starch. Methods The sample was digested in a mixed acid of V( HClO4) + V( HNO3) =1 +4. The absorbance was directly determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The content was calculated by standard curve method. Results There were six kinds of trace elements with Fe,Zn,Cu,Mn,Ca and Mg in lotus root starch,and the content of Fe,Ca and Mg were very high. The average recoveries were from 94. 8% to 105. 2%. Conclusion The method was simple and accurate,and the results were satisfied.


KEYWORD: box-girder, concrete cracks; FEM, vertical temperature gradient, loss of vertical prestress ABSTRACT: The finite element model of a prestressed concrete box-girder bridge was established ,then the numerical simulation were carried out under the conditions of vertical temperature gradient. The effect of vertical temperature gradient is the important reason for the concrete cracks of box girder, and the loss of vertical prestressit has important influence to longitudinal stress of box girder.


The influence of temperature on transverse mechanical properties of 10 tropical species in green condition was studied in radial compression (0 to 99 °C), transverse shear with longitudinal-radial shearing plane and rupture of the longitudinal-tangential plane (20 to 80 °C). Basic density ranged from 0.21 to 0.91 g cm$^{-3}$. Load-displacement curves were characterised by initial rigidity, yield stress, yield strain and strain energy at 20% strain level. The relation between each criterion and basic density was expressed by a power law. The dependency on temperature evidenced a sharp glassy transition, except for the fracture energy only slightly influenced by temperature. An empirical model allowed evaluating a transition temperature between 51 and 69 °C, depending on the species and the criterion, which was attributed to lignin. Detailed analysis of the apparent modulus in radial compression suggested that complex relaxation phenomena occur around 10 °C and that the rubbery state is not fully reached at 80 °C.


Objective: Simvastatin (SV) is a cholesterol-lowering drug that classified in BCS (Biopharmaceutics Classification System) Class II class with high permeability but low solubility value. This study aims to obtain a solid dispersion formula that can increase the solubility of Simvastatin. HPMCAS, Locust Bean Gum, Sodium Alginate, and TPGS are four candidate polymers that will be selected by in silico study to make a solid dispersion formula.
Methods: The solid dispersion was prepared with two polymers, Locust Bean Gum (LBG), which has no hydrogen bonds with Simvastatin, and Sodium Alginate (SA), which has hydrogen bonds with Simvastatin, made by the ratio of mass 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4. Materials were evaluated by solubility and dissolution studies, then characterized using FTIR, DSC, and PXRD.
Results: Each drug-polymer ratio showed an increase in solubility and dissolution, but the SV-LBG formula (1:4) showed the largest increase, with a 4 folded increase in solubility and a roughly 2 folded increase in dissolution. The characterisation FTIR data demonstrate that the drug molecules are disseminated inside the polymer, and the PXRD diffractogram demonstrated a deacrease in crystallinity to the amorphous phase, and the DSC thermogram also demonstrated changes in thermal behavior.
Conclusion: Solid dispersion is a promising method for increasing the solubility of simvastatin. The use of locust bean gum polymer was proven to increase the solubility and dissolution of simvastatin with the best formula SV-LBG (1:4).


Beginning in the late 1970s, zakat on income was debated in the Malaysian context. It was eventually accepted and started to be applied in Malaysia in the early 1990s. Zakat on employment income is required for people who are eligible to release zakat, according to the National Fatwa Committee's Fatwa Conference (Muzakarah), which was held on June 22, 1997. Nowadays, zakat institutions in Malaysia have undergone a paradigm shift as income zakat is brought into being as a fresh source. Zakat on income, including teachers in Kedah, especially the Islamic education options for certain reasons. Owing to this issue, a survey was done to determine how many Islamic general educators in Kedah complied with the requirement to give zakat on income. This study's design was created utilising a quantitative technique and a population of 141 respondents who were Kedah-based Islamic Education teachers. Its sample also included conversations with the Vice Chief Executive Officer, Dakwah, and Collecting LZNK. The results show that the level of compliance to pay income zakat is at a moderate level. Therefore, LZNK needs to find initiatives to encourage the largest group of Islamic Education teachers and this needs to be given attention. This is important because zakat on income not only helps the community in need but also to clean the income earned as well as an act of worship that has to be done for one to be prepared in the hereafter.


Research on livestock food systems in developing countries remains limited yet these systems are undergoing rapid and ongoing changes. Poultry meat in Nairobi is a good case study to investigate the changes that result from increasing demand for animal protein, in particular how different systems affect the supply of macro and micronutrients, livelihood improvement and food safety risks. The aim of the current study was to map the broiler and indigenous chicken meat value chains of Nairobi to provide a thorough context (milieu) for future food safety and socio-economic assessments of the wide poultry meat system.


AbstractRelational transactions, comprising relational contracts and network strategies, could contribute to better outcomes for general construction projects. However, public projects seem to face more constraints when adopting relational transactions because of the fear that close relationships may be construed as corruption. The aim of this study is to identify drivers of and barriers to relational transaction practices in public projects. A questionnaire-based survey of public projects was administered to construction professionals in Singapore. It is found that the adoption of relational transactions in public projects is motivated by (1) increased value proposition, (2) improved business competitiveness, and (3) improved project time and cost performance. Meanwhile, contracting parties attempting to adopt relational transactions are restricted by (1) a lack of capabilities, (2) ethos of public service, (3) a lack of continuity, and (4) institutional constraints. The implication is that with a better...


Abstract: Failure of passive transfer of immunity (FPT) leads to increased calf morbidity and mortality and requires intensive, time-sensitive, and often expensive management for nondomestic ruminants. Without species-specific information with which to make informed decisions, neonatal data from domestic ruminants are often extrapolated to nondomestic zoo-housed species. To date, there have been no studies evaluating FPT in sitatunga (Tragelaphus spekii). The goal of the present study was to establish parameters to characterize adequate passive transfer in sitatunga calves and compare them to published reference intervals in other species. Medical records of 22 sitatunga calves (12 female, 10 male) were reviewed. Seventeen of these calves were defined as "healthy," having survived at least 60 days without colostrum administration or a plasma transfusion. Calf weight, serum glucose, serum gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), total protein (TP), globulin concentrations, and results of a zinc sulfate turbidity test (ZSTT) were noted where possible. Mean birth weight of healthy calves at 24 hr was 4.5 kg (range: 3.76.5 kg, n = 12). The mean blood glucose in healthy calves was 152 mg/dl (range: 80–182, n = 16), mean serum TP concentration was 5.9 g/dl (range: 4.9–7.5, n = 16), mean serum globulin concentration was 3.3 g/dl (range: 1.7–4.7, n = 17), and mean serum GGT concentration was 466 U/L (range: 91–1901, n = 16). A ZSTT was performed for 10 healthy calves, resulting in four negative ZSTT results despite having no clinical signs of FPT and the calves having been observed nursing before testing. Sitatunga appear to have lower values for normal FPT parameters than those developed for domestic cattle. This study illustrates the difficulty of cross-species comparisons, as even closely related species can vary greatly in biologic parameters.


ABSTRACT The classroom is a second home to students. Unless students have a comfortable and secure learning environment, they may develop learning problems. The preference of seat location of 22 Secondary 5 (Normal) Science students were sought. Three factors were found to have influenced the choice of seats — physical location of seats, personal habits and peer influence. Four target students were also identified for observation. The frequencies of their off-task behaviours were then related to their seating positions. Results show that seat location does contribute to students' classroom learning problems. A knowledge of seat preference will help teachers manage and counsel students' seat-related problems.


Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most widespread diseases in the modern life, in its structure prevails DSD 2, the number of patients with about 250 million persons reach, and the annual occurrence is 5-7%. According to a number of epidemiological investigations, in 24-88% of patients with diabetes are diabetic hepatopathy, among which the non-alcohol fatal disease of the patch (NAKHP) is most often delivered


Sombor index is a novel topological index introduced by Gutman, defined as SO(G) = ∑ uv∈E(G) √ du + d 2 v, where du denotes the degree of vertex u. Recently, Chen et al. [H. Chen, W. Li, J. Wang, Extremal values on the Sombor index of trees, MATCH Commun. Math. Comput. Chem. 87 (2022), in press] considered the Sombor indices of trees with given diameter. For the continue, we determine the maximum Sombor indices for unicyclic graphs with given diameter.


magnetization Ms more than that of 30at%Co-70at%Fe alloy in 1972. Two of the authors have described that the saturation magnetization Ms of polycrystalline iron thin films increased approximately 21% after the thin films were nitrided by the magnetron discharge method. In this paper, the authors have studied the magnetic property of polycrystalline iron foils treated by the magnetron discharge method. The experimental results obtained are summarized as follows:


Hot metal extrusion dies, especially for hollow profiles, are quite costly. Repair or replacement of dies and affiliated tooling adds to the cost, brings down productivity, and can contribute to product defects. Reasons for the high production and maintenance cost are stringent material requirements (high-strength and high-hardness tool steels), precision manufacturing methods (spark erosion, wire EDM, etc), and a series of specialized heat treatment and surface hardening operations. Consequently, a major goal for die designers and manufacturers is longer service life. An equally important objective is a reasonably accurate prediction of time-to-failure, to help devise an optimum replacement and inventory strategy, and for good performance evaluation. Majority of hot-work extrusion dies fail by fatigue fracture. Treating the die as a flat plate with edge crack, a fracture mechanics based fatigue life prediction model was developed by the authors in an earlier work. To improve the precision of die life prediction, a hollow (tube) extrusion die is modeled in the current work as a pressurized cylinder with internal crack. Based on this new strategy, a model is developed to forecast fracture failure of extrusion dies. Stochastic nature of various fatigue related die parameters is examined. Monte Carlo simulation is used for die life prediction under a given set of operating conditions and mechanical properties. Simulated fracture life values thus obtained are quite realistic in comparison with actual extrusion die life data from the industry.Copyright © 2012 by ASME


This paper presents transistor matching in 70 ㎚ nMOS. To adopt radio frequency(RF) applications, the RF performance, especially the current gain cutoff frequency(f T ), is examined experimentally through a wafer. It is proved that the RF performance variation of 70 ㎚ nMOS is dependent to the device geometry, the total width(W). The RF performance variation of 70 ㎚ nMOS is inversely proportional to square root of total width(W). Also, decreasing of the number of fingers(N f ) is helpful to decrease the variation of 70 ㎚ nMOS.


heart and direct access into the right heart chambers, an electrode placed via the head and neck vessels would generally require less time for insertion than an electrode placed via the antecubital vein [requiring a surgical cutdown) or the saphenous vein in the leg. Likewise, the incidence of catheter displacement and hence requirements for repositioning would also be greater in the arm and leg approach simply because of patient movement. In the monograph, *Temporary Transvenous Cardiac Pacing/A Clinical Update, Dr. Bilitch and Dr. Berens specifically state, "the fulcrum effect caused by arm motions, create some degree of displace-


Computational Fluid Dynamics CFD is no longer the domain of just specialists. It is also being used by engineers and scientists in many disciplines who are interested in CFD as a tool to investigate other things and not as just an end in itself. The realization of this fact drives developers to produce user-friendly CFD products that automate most of the problem set up and solution process. The CFD++ software suite is a unified-grid, unified-solution, unified-computing CFD simulation capability that was designed from the outset to be effective from the user's perspective. The details are explained in this paper.


In the title complex, {[Cu(SiF6)(C11H8N2O)2]·2H2O}n, the CuII atom adopts an N4F2-octahedral coordination geometry with four pyridine N atoms in the equatorial sites and two F atoms in the axial sites. The di-3-pyridylmethanone and hexafluorosilicate ligands act as bidentate ligands, linking symmetry-related CuII atoms. Water molecules form O—H⋯O and O—H⋯F hydrogen bonds with the di-3-pyridylmethanone and hexafluorosilicate ligands. The Cu2+ and SiF6 2− ions are each located on a twofold axis.


The thermoluminescence between 180 and 400'C of fundamental clay minerals groups kaolinite, halloysite, montmorillonite (bentonite, hectorite, pyrophyllite), talc and illite have been studiecl. The thermoluminescence of anhydrous and hydrated amorphous silica, quartz, cristobalite and alumina have also been studied. Each clay minerar group showed a characteristic glou' curve AII the thermoiuminescent peaks of the clay minerals, except the peak at 145'C in montmorillonite, coincided with the quartz and alumina peaks. Most of the observed thermoluminescent peaks are attributed to fundamental structural units of the clay minerals


With their numbers roughly doubling every decade since the 1970s, the total population of foreign-born African people living in the United States reached 1.6 million by 2012 (Gambino et al. 2014). Scholarly interest in this group has similarly grown apace, with several new studies focusing specifically on how African immigrant parents are raising their children in the diaspora. This study augments the emerging literature by focusing on the perspectives of the children (ages 13-35) of African people who were either born in the U.S. or arrived before the age of 18. How do these youth view their parents' methods for raising them in the U.S., and what can scholars, practitioners working with this population, and African parents in the diaspora learn as a result? To answer these questions, I provide an analysis of information gathered from 28 youth (13 adolescents and 15 young adults) representing 21 African families from south of the Sahara that were part of a pan-African church called St. Augustine Lutheran Church in the small Midwestern city of Fort Wayne, Indiana. Interviews with 10 parents in the church also inform the study, although the primary goal is to reflect what the children had to say about their parents. These children, lacking a foreign accent and strong ties to their parents' homelands, often blend in easily among native-born African Americans, and yet their backgrounds differ significantly. They represent hidden diversity within the U.S. that needs to be better understood. Whereas the existing literature suggests that African parents in the diaspora are primarily concerned about preserving their culture and maintaining control over their children in the new environment, the youth who participated in this study were more concerned about issues of communication with their African parents. To summarize these findings, I have grouped research participants' descriptions of their African parents into four categories, which I call "parenting styles" (or patterns of interaction between parents and children). The four styles include authoritarian, permissive, absent, and communicative parents, which I will describe and illustrate in detail below. These categories correspond in some ways to the typology developed by Diana Baumrind (1966), who conducted research among white middle-class American families with European backgrounds in the 1960s. Her categories include authoritarian, authoritative, and permissive parents. Later, Maccoby and Martin (1983) updated this list to include a "neglectful" parenting style, which was said to occur when parents met the child's basic needs but were otherwise disengaged. The Baumrind typology (and its expanded form) has been criticized for being too simplistic and failing to account for the values and norms of other cultures (Ochocka and Janzen 2008; Rombo and Lutomia 2016). Recognizing these flaws, I have adapted the typology to reflect the findings of this study. As with the Baumrind typology, the styles I observed differ by levels of "demandingness" (that is, parental control) and "responsiveness" (or emotional warmth toward the child), although I think it important to link "responsiveness" directly to issues of parent-child communication, which surfaced repeatedly in interviews as an issue of key importance to St. Augustine youth. Problems with communication characterized the first three categories, whereas regular and open parent-child communication was the essence of the fourth category (communicative parenting), which was the most favorably described. Literature Review Studies about African diaspora families from the parents' point of view provide an important starting point before considering their children's perspectives. This literature highlights parents' concerns about losing their children to Westernizing influences and a desire to counter that by instilling their own cultural values in their children--themes that are notably reflected in many other immigrant populations (Foner 2009). …


Discolouration of building facades. A knowledge surveyMicroorganisms that grow on facades can cause extensive discoloration, which often poses a problem for home owners as it can provide an aesthet ...


Abstract My main objective in this article is to examine the importance of political parallelism in Iceland through establishing the extent to which political parallelism is perceived to char-acterise political communication in Iceland by politicians and voters. Political parallelism is one of the defining elements of Hallin and Mancini's typology of media systems. Based on candidate surveys from five elections and a voter survey, indexes of perceived political parallelism are configured for politicians and voters. The analysis suggests a high degree of perceived political parallelism and that the perceptions are reflected in partisan ideological views of individual media outlets. The same – or at least similar – perceptions about political parallelism in the media system seem to penetrate the system irrespective of age and at the national, local, and individual level of politics. However, voters and candidates of social democratic and liberal internationally oriented parties perceive a significantly lower degree of parallelism than others.


Online communities are still a relatively new social phenomenon - their novelty does not allow researchers to come to a consensus in their interpretations of what the Internet world is and what its connection with the life of real society is. One of the central issues in the study of online social networks is the question of how to exercise power and manage the mobilization potential of online communities. The article examines the specific features of Internet sociality and dominance practices implemented on the Internet, reveals the content of the metaphor «lightened Sociality» as a conceptual tool for analyzing the behavior of Internet communities. The definition of the concept of index power and communicative capital as a source of social inequality in cyberspace is given; the possibilities of applying existing methodological approaches to the empirical analysis of online leadership are evaluated. Brief conclusions of the study of communicative leadership in the system of factors of integrative dynamics of mobilization-type Internet communities are proposed. The article describes a methodology for assessing the types and resources of intra-group leadership based on empirical indicators developed in the complex of indicators of integration processes in online communities.


This section lists new drugs, preparations and other products relevant to palliative medicine which have appeared since July, 1988. New products are described but not reviewed, although comparative costs may be given. Inclusion does not imply endorsement of a product, and any cost comparison does not imply that the products are interchangeable. N. B. UK drug costs are from the British National Formulary, 1989; 18. Prices of products are exclusive of UK value added tax. Prices correct


The present invention discloses a method for the production of the polyester filament. The key to the prior art is use the polyester beverage bottles recovered as the production of raw materials after the way of sorting, crushing, washing, dehydrating, desiccating, adding quenched and tempered additives, melting and squeezing, filtrating, striping, cooling by water, palletizing, dehydrating, desiccating, filtrating. Then melting, filtrating, measuring, weaving, cooling and forming, oiling, winding, balancing, stretching, stereotyping, grade packaging to be the polyester filament by the normal polyester filament producting art. The polyester filament producted by the prior art can entirety instead of the polyester filament producted from polyester slice. And it can meet the state standards. So it reduces the cost of producting of the polyester filament, and enhances the value of the recovered beverage bottles.


This paper argues that the ECJ may be understood to have transgressed the line separating the Court from the political decision-makers by judging, before it was called to do so. This concerned statements by or on behalf of the Court on the negotiation of an accession agreement, more particularly a special procedure for referring cases from the Strasbourg Court (ECtHR) to Luxembourg (ECJ) if the compatibility of EU acts with the ECHR has not previously been referred to the ECJ. While negotiations were ongoing, the Court and its president have declared that the absence of such a reference procedure would be incompatible with EU law. In this paper it is submitted that such a procedure may set an example for introducing such a reference procedure also for similar situations for the other parties to the ECHR, thus reducing the case load in Strasbourg and honouring the principle of subsidiarity.


PURPOSE: A screen door safety system is provided to prevent an accident in which a user or an article is caught between a screen door and a train and a user skids off a platform. CONSTITUTION: A screen door safety system comprises a load sensor(10), a screen door control unit, a central control signal processing unit and a screen unit. The load sensor is installed on the bottom surface of a stand(300) positioned on the railroad side of the platform on which a screen door(100) is installed, and detects a predetermined weight according to the existence of a user or an object. The screen door control unit is electrically connected to a switching terminal of the load sensor, and controls the opening and closing of the operational door of the screen door according to the load information detected by the load sensor. The central control signal processing unit is connected to the screen door control unit, and performs a controlling operation to stop a train when the screen door control unit controls the operational door of the screen door to be closed. The screen unit displays a state of the opening or closing of the screen door and of detection of obstacles on the stand according to the control signal of the central control signal processing unit.


The invention provides a method for removing a back field of an MWT (Metal Wrap Through) solar battery with a back filed structure. The back filed structure is arranged on a first surface of a silicon wafer. The method disclosed by the invention comprises the following steps of: forming a SiNX film layer on each of the first surface and a second surface of the silicon wafer; generating a material passing hole which passes through the first surface and reaches the second surface by using first laser at an assigned position on the first surface of the silicon wafer; removing a first silicon layer with a pre-set depth in a first assigned region on the silicon wafer, which is opposite to the assigned position, by using second laser; and printing and sintering the silicon wafer after the silicon layer is removed, so as to form an MWT solar battery piece. The SiNX films are formed on the first surface and the second surface of the silicon wafer, the material passing hole is generated by the laser and the silicon layer is removed from the back filed, so that the back field is removed. Meanwhile, the technique processes of generating the material passing hole and removing the back field are realized by laser, so that the technique of removing the back field of the MWT battery with the back field is simplified.


A proactive employer-sponsored mental health program facilitated linkage to mental health services and prescription medications among participants who connected with a care concierge. Objective The aim of this study is to determine if a proactive employer-sponsored mental health program closed gaps in detection and treatment of mental health conditions. Methods Of n = 56,442 eligible, n = 8170 (14.5%) participated in the optional screening. Participants with mental health risk were offered care concierge services including support, care planning, and connection to care. Difference in behavioral health care utilization, diagnoses, and prescriptions were evaluated postintervention through claims analysis. Results Compared with controls (n = 2433), those receiving concierge services (n = 369) were more likely to fill mental health prescriptions (adjusted hazards ratio [HR], 1.2; 1.0–1.5; P = 0.042), use professional mental health services (adjusted HR, 1.4; 1.1–1.8; P = 0.02), and use new mental health services (adjusted HR, 1.9; 1.2–2.8; P = 0.004) in the following 6 months. Conclusions This proactive mental health program with care concierge services identified risk, connected individuals to mental health care, and facilitated mental health treatment, among program participants.


In this paper we study volumes of moduli spaces of hyperbolic surfaces with geodesic, cusp and cone boundary components. We compute the volumes in some new cases, in particular when there exists a large cone angle. This allows us to give geometric meaning to Mirzakhani's polynomials under substitution of imaginary valued boundary lengths, corresponding to hyperbolic cone angles, and to study the behaviour of the volume under the $2\pi$ limit of a cone angle.


Natural language processing technology is widely used in artificial intelligence fields such as machine translation, human-computer interaction and speech recognition. Natural language processing is a daunting task due to the variability, ambiguity and context-dependent interpretation of human language. The current deep learning technology has made great progress in NLP technology. However, many NLP systems still have practical problems, such as high training complexity, computational difficulties in large-scale content scenarios, high retrieval complexity and lack of probabilistic significance. This paper proposes an improved NLP method based on long short-term memory (LSTM) structure, whose parameters are randomly discarded when they are passed backwards in the recursive projection layer. Compared with baseline and other LSTM, the improved method has better F1 score results on the Wall Street Journal dataset, including the word2vec word vector and the one-hot word vector, which indicates that our method is more suitable for NLP in limited computing resources and high amount of data.


Innovation has long been considered an important factor for creating and maintaining the competitiveness of nations and firms. The relationship between innovation and exporting has been investigated for many countries. However, there is a paucity of research in Vietnam with respect to this issue. In this paper we examine whether innovation performed by Vietnam's small and medium enterprises (SMEs) enhances their exporting likelihood. Using the recently released Vietnam Small and Medium Enterprise Survey 2005, we find that innovation as measured directly by 'new products', 'new production process' and 'improvement of existing products' are important determinants of exports by Vietnamese SMEs.


The authors introduce the design of a blue-green diode- pumped solid-state laser system for transcutaneous measurement of serum bilirubin level in jaundiced new born infant. The system follows the principles of optical bilirubinometry. The choice of wavelengths provides correction for the presence of hemoglobin. The new design is more compact and less expensive.


Titan has seas of liquid methane and ethane, which are exciting targets for future in situ scientific exploration. A proposed Discovery-class mission, the Titan Mare Explorer (TiME), would have sent a capsule to splash down in Ligeia Mare, a 400-km-wide methane-ethane sea near Titan's north pole in 2023. This article reports an evaluation of the dynamical characteristics of the capsule, designed in part for the aerodynamic and aerothermodynamic demands of its hypersonic delivery from space, on the Titan sea surface. This first quantitative evaluation of extraterrestrial seakeeping required development of environmental models of the sea fluid properties, the wind, and waves, as well as adaptation of commercial simulation tools to Titan conditions. The vehicle response is not in fact monotonic with wave height in a fully developed sea: the capsule size and Titan gravity conspire to generate the largest dynamic response at intermediate wave heights, where the wave period is close to those of the natural modes of the vehicle. A bottom interaction model was introduced to show that the capsule could beach safely on encountering a variety of shoreline types. information storage and replication remains an important new dimension in origins of life research and astrobiology. The Titan Mare Explorer (TiME) mission6 was formulated to address these questions by making in situ measurements on a capsule floating in one of Titan's seas, Ligeia Mare (Fig. 1).


A central interest in developing professionalism resides in the potential for professionals to learn from and with one another in ways that support transformations of their knowledge practices. However, negotiation between multiple perspectives, interests, practices and traditions intertwines cognitive-epistemic with socio-relational and affective aspects, which may lead to tension and conflict. While tension can disable learning, this paper argues that identifying these tensions should be viewed as a significant source for change and development. The paper reports on a teacher-researcher collaboration at a secondary school which focuses on the co-design of a learning module. It is shown that the identification of tensions during meetings helped participants to focus their efforts on the root causes of problems, which led to a reconceptualisation of the current work practices. This subsequently helped team members to deviate from established norms and improve their practices.


Introduction: Dye is used for the artificial colouration of a substance to facilitate its examination by the use of the coloured organic molecule, a process called staining. Over the past many years, it has been observed that synthetic dyes have many disadvantages associated with them like toxicity and allergenicity. This study aimed to determine the staining effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa extracts Original Research Article Ma'aruf et al.; MRJI, 30(2): 26-33, 2020; Article no.MRJI.55046 27 of various concentration, various pH and duration in bacteria staining compared with Gram's staining. Methods: Standard Gram stains as control and both Hibiscus sabdariffa extracts (alcohol and boiled water) were used to stain inflammatory appendix tissue and lung tissue inoculated with bacteria using various concentration (5% and 10%), at various duration (30 seconds and 1 hour) and with change of pH, achieved by treating the extracts with ammonium hydroxide and glacial acetic acid. Each was used as a counterstain in bacterial stain (to replace Safranin/Neutral red) Safranin/Neutral red. Results: All extracts after treatment were acidic but the change of pH was indirectly proportional to the staining ability of the extracts. The Hibiscus solutions gave the background, a brown colouration. And inflammatory cells were demonstrated better than the bacteria with aqueous Hibiscus solution strongly when compared with the alcoholic Hibiscus solution. Conclusion: The results obtained indicate that Hibiscus solution has the potential for use in diagnostic bacteriology in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue section.


The fast multipole method (FMM) using traceless totally symmetric Cartesian tensor to calculate the Coulomb interaction between charged particles will be presented. The Cartesian tensor based FMM can be generalized to treat other non-oscillating interactions with the help of the differential algebra or the truncated power series algebra. Issues on implementation of the FMM in beam dynamic simulations are also discussed.


Through the analysis of the function for the report form under B/S mode,this article puts forward the method of enabling the user to browse or deal with the excel report form on the client, by adopting ASP technology in web server and transferring application object of excel, then getting excel report form based on the template.


Abstract Several physical aspects of continuous subbottom profiling are presented, and their relationship to operating characteristics of profiling instruments is discussed. Interpretation of data produced by shallow‐penetration continuous profilers, such as the SONIA system, is a process of transformation of the continuous measurement of the travel times of reflected sound pulses into geologic phenomena. Essentially, the continuous profiler is a geologic tool; interpretation of the data is based on geologic observation and reasoning, irrespective of the further use of the information obtained in applied science. However, interpreters must have sufficient knowledge of the geophysical system and of the equipment design to be in a position to evaluate the significance of their interpretation.


The acceleration radius is defined as a global index for quantifying the dynamic capabilities of manipulator-positioning systems over a continuous operation region. It is generalization of previously proposed manipulability indices that are local measures of the acceleration capability. The problem of computing the acceleration radius is formulated as an optimization problem. A numerical algorithm for solving the resulting generalized semi-infinite program is presented, and the application of the acceleration radius concept to examples of manipulator design and workspace specification is illustrated. Several directions for future research are discussed. >


Without the limit for its order to be a power of two,orthogonal matrix pairs exist in more cases. Three new methods of constructing orthogonal matrix pairs are proposed. Based on the orthogonal matrix pairs,a new construction of low correlation zone sequence pairs set is introduced. And the performance of the constructed low correlation zone sequence pairs set is also analyzed.


A jump-wise transition between two different kinetic modes of phase formation in the course of silane pyrolysis has been found experimentally. In one mode the solid phase is formed as an aerosol, in the other as a film; the phenomenon can be reproduced by mathematical analysis of a model mechanism.


The instability reasons of air drying unsaturated polyester putty were analyzed.The influences of accelerator,promoter and polymerization inhibitor on the quick drying property and stability of air drying unsaturated polyester putty were determined.The results indicate that the quick drying property and stability of polyester putty stability is obviously affected by accelerator,the optimal content of accelerator is around 0.80%.The stability of polyester putty is also influenced by the addition of polymerization inhibitor,and the optimal content of polymerization inhibitor is about 0.8‰.The skin and real drying time of putty is separately 30 min and 81min,and the stable time is 10 days at 60℃.


Bucket handle tear commonly involved the medial meniscus but lateral meniscus are also involved though less commonly. The characteristic imaging appearance on MRI are important to diagnose the condition.


Changes in two provisions of the U.S. tax code—one dealing with the R&D tax credit, the other the allocation of R&D expenses to foreign income—are essential to improving the rate of growth of R&D in the U.S., according to several groups testifying before the Senate Finance Committee's Subcommittee on Taxation & Debt Management earlier this month. Sen. Max S. Baucus (D.-Mont.), chairman of the subcommittee, is actively supporting legislation designed to resolve these two issues. Since 1981, companies have been able to claim a tax credit of up to 25% of increases in R&D spending as an incentive to do more research. The Tax Reform Act of 1986 reduced that credit to a 20% incremental rate and would continue the credit only through 1988. Sen. John C. Danforth (R.-Mo.) introduced S. 58 this past January to make the credit permanent at a higher rate. The research community, led by the newly formed Council of Research ...


One of the main challenges of modern society is related to the provision of energy systems that cover its needs while preserving the environment. Accordingly, the European Union has set ambitious goals to foster the implementation of renewable energy, including the accomplishment of 20% renewable energy in the final gross energy consumption by 2020. With this scenario in mind, the diversification of technologies and resources for the production of renewable energy is mandatory. Biogas is being promoted as a sustainable form of energy since it shares the principles of circular economy by converting wastes into several valuable products such as energy, water and nutrients. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is considered an appropriate method for the quantification of the environmental consequences of biogas production. The objective of this doctoral thesis was to examine the environmental sustainability of different biogas systems in the European Union and to evaluate their suitability in accordance with the European energy objectives, by applying the LCA methodology and other evaluation tools, such as Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Agricultural and sewage biogas systems were evaluated, including both well-established technologies and more innovative proposals. The environmental sustainability of agricultural biogas production was analysed in detail, from a life-cycle perspective. Initially, four Italian biogas plants digesting animal waste and energy corps at different ratios were compared with the aim of identifying the most polluting stages in which improvement options could be proposed. An additional analysis of two alternative plants was also carried out to evaluate the influence of substrate selection in biogas production, not only regarding its biogas potential, but also the amount and quality of the produced digestate. Finally, the eco-efficiency of 15 different biogas plants was determined, combining the LCA methodology with DEA. An innovative treatment system for the management of animal manure in Cyprus was assessed in the framework of the LiveWaste project (LIFE12ENV/CY/000544). The pilot plant, designed to perform the recovery and/or removal of nutrients from the anaerobic effluent, was analysed comparing four possible configurations. The potential environmental benefits of the implementation of the integrated system at full-scale were also evaluated in comparison with the most typical systems applied for animal waste in Cyprus. Finally, the AHP was applied to integrate economic, social and environmental indicators in the selection of the most sustainable waste management system in Cyprus.
To conclude, different systems producing biogas from sewage were also analysed, including different treatment capacities in terms of population equivalent (PE). The potential environmental benefits of the co-digestion of food waste and sewage sludge in a wastewater treatment plant serving 150,000 PE was conducted to address legal barriers that hinder the development of more sustainable waste management options in the United Kingdom. Finally, an integrated treatment scheme was proposed for the co-management of sewage and domestic waste in a small and decentralised community of 2,000 PE. Several configurations that included the biological nutrients removal of the produced digestate were compared to identify the most sustainable one.
Therefore, the work developed in this thesis provided remarkable evidence of environmental benefits and impacts in different biogas systems in the European Union with the objectives of i) improving conventional biogas production through the application of measures that reduce derived impacts of biogas plants, ii) promoting the implementation of innovative systems that integrates biogas production with digestate treatment and iii) identify methodological barriers in the application of LCA to biogas systems and discussion progress opportunities.


A real-time frequency tracking method for inverters based on Point-by-Point Analyses technique of LabVIEW was introduced in this paper. The real time tracking of signal frequency was implemented by doing simple and point-by-piont mathematic operation for base wave component acquired. And the feasibility and effectiveness of the method was proved by making a comparison of the other two methods supplied by LabVIEW.


A bandpass, miniaturized-element frequency selective surface with relatively high out-band rejection was recently reported whose unit cell dimensions are smaller than lambda 0 /10. The new FSS is made up of a metallic, square loop array and a metallic grid on either side of a thin dielectric substrate. Further analysis on this structure reveals that, a very wide frequency tuning can be accomplished by inserting lumped, variable capacitors in the gap between the loops. This paper presents the tunability performance of the miniaturized-element FSS. For experimental verification, a waveguide measurement approach is chosen to lower the fabrication cost. The FSS unit cell dimensions are modified appropriately to fit within a WR90 waveguide aperture and appear as a perfect periodic surface once image theory is applied. Prototypes of the structure in the form of a waveguide flange at X-band are fabricated and then loaded with fixed-valued, chip capacitors of different values. Each waveguide sample contains eighteen capacitors mounted on it. The measurement results show that a wide tuning range, with acceptable performance, from 8.49 to 11.48 GHz can be accomplished by altering the capacitance from 0.2 to 0.05 pF.


Because of shorter software development cycles for communication protocol stacks, the risk of design failures rises. Therefore, even within the protocol speci cation phase, appropriate validation should be performed in order to detect failures as early as possible. In the light of electric vehicle integration in a smart grid environment, the complexity of charging processes increases e.g. for demand management, and thus also complexity of requirements for associated communication protocols increases. Accordingly, it lends to describe the behavior of communication protocols by abstraction in form of models. The use of model checking processes can validate properties of future behavior, hence failures may be detected earlier. COMPLeTe is a toolchain for validation of communication protocols, represented in an adapted version of UML-Statecharts. The toolchain uses the SPIN model checker and its composition is based on techniques of Model-Driven Software Development (MDSD). The applicability of this toolchain will be presented by modeling an exemplary communication protocol for electric vehicle charging.


Introduction The characterization of most supported metal catalysts is hindered by their structural nonuniformity. Our broad goal was to use a well-defined (crystalline) support to prepare structurally uniform supported metal catalysts, characterize them, determine precise structure-catalytic property relationships, and establish details of catalytic cycles. We have already reported the synthesis and structural characterization of rhodium-ethylene complexes on dealuminated Y zeolite, demonstrating their dynamic uniformity by C NMR spectroscopy [1,2]. Here we report the activity of the catalyst for ethylene hydrogenation and its reactivity with ethylene and H2 in dynamic experiments using IR and EXAFS spectroscopies.


Single-crystal Ni-rich layered oxide materials LiNi1−x−yCoxMnyO2 (NCM, 1 – x − y ≥ 0.6) are emerging as promising cathode materials that do not show intergranular cracks as a result of the lack of grain boundaries and anisotropy of the bulk structure, enabling extended cyclability in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) operating at high voltage. However, SC-NCM materials still suffer from capacity fading upon extended cycling. This degradation of capacity can be attributed to a reconstruction of the surface. A phase transformation from layered structures to disordered spinel/rock-salt structures was found to be responsible for impedance growth and capacity loss. Film-forming additives are a straightforward approach for the mitigation of surface reconstruction via the formation of a robust protection layer at the cathode's surface. In this work, we investigate various additives on the electrochemical performance of single-crystal LiNi0.83Co0.11Mn0.06O2 (SC-NCM83). The results demonstrate that the use of 1% lithium difluoroxalate borate (LiDFOB) and 1% lithium difluorophosphate (LiPO2F2) additives substantially enhanced the cycling performance (with a capacity retention of 93.6% after 150 cycles) and rate capability in comparison to the baseline electrolyte (72.7%) as well as electrolytes using 1% LiDFOB (90.5%) or 1% LiPO2F2 (88.3%) individually. The superior cycling stability of the cell using the combination of both additives was attributed to the formation of a conformal cathode/electrolyte interface (CEI) layer, resulting in a stabilized bulk structure and decreased impedance upon long-term cycling, as evidenced via a combination of state-of-the-art analytical techniques.


The emerging synchronous detectors in digital recording systems require precise sampling of the readback waveform. In this paper, a general minimum-mean-square-error timing recovery approach is presented which could be applied to both partial response and decision feedback systems. We also investigate a related class of timing recovery algorithms which utilize the characteristics of the channel impulse response. A performance comparison of the two approaches on a set of experimental data, equalized to a class IV partial response target, is also presented.


The geometric design method of wheel profile was improved,its analytic mathematic expressions were presented,which connected wheelset equivalent conicity and wheel and rail contact status.The wheel and rail contact geometry,non-Hertzian rolling contact and vehicle dynamics performance of design example were calculated.Analysis result indicates that wheel and rail geometric contact points become homodisperse.Due to contact patch area increases by about 23%,the maximum contact pressure decreases by about 21%,wheel and rail rolling contact stress decreases by 20% approximately.Vehicle equipped with the example profile has nearly the same critical speed with LMA wheel profile,and because wheelset equivalent conicity has a little bit increase,the example profile exhibites better curving performance than the latter.So the method can improve wheel and rail contact status,which is beneficial to wheel and rail wear spreading,and is helpful to mitigate wheel and rail rolling contact fatigue.12 figs,24 refs.


This paper presents the basic principles of operation, the analysis, simulation and experimental results of a new single-phase power factor corrector circuit for AC-DC power supplies. This converter consists basically in a three diodes and capacitor arrangement connected at the output terminals of the input rectifier. The charge of these capacitors is forced by operating an electronic switch that controls the power flow from the AC line through an inductor with a secondary winding, the same way as in a flyback converter topology. This process enables input current shaping and with adequate control, sinusoidal input current is obtained. In order to validate the theoretical and simulation results, a 50 W lab prototype has been developed.


Glass fiber insulant is a medium which can be deformed when loaded. Moisture transfer can occur in it. An experimental installation has been de signed in order to determine the water content and the deformation. The basic idea is the principle of attenuation of two radioactive emissions As a first approach, the measures have been carried out with media held rigidly. They show how the fiber di ameter and nominal density act upon the coefficients of moisture transfer and the properties of capillarity of glass fiber insulant


A field Experiment was conducted during the winter season of 2016-17 at research farm of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry SHUATS, Allahabad. Field trails were dsigned in split plot arrangement based on Randomized Block Design with three replication and nine treatment The treatment consisted of three factors namely FYM (0, 10, 20 kg), PSB (0, 1, 2 kg.) Neem Cake (0, 0.25, 0.5 t ha-1). The result shows that application of different levels combination of FYM, PSB and Neem Cake increased growth and yield of Field Pea. It was recorded from the application of Bio-fertilizers in treatment T7 [(@ 100% FYM: PSB + 100%. Neem Cake)] increased pH 7.1, EC 0.26 dS m-1, Organic carbon 0.63%, available Nitrogen 339.00 kg ha-1, Phosphorus 32.70 kg -ha1, Pottasium 206.56 kg ha-1 The physical parameters of soil such as bulk density g/cc, particle density g/cc, pore space % and solid spaces % increased. It was also concluded from trail that the application of fertilizers in treatment T7 [(@ 100% FYM: PSB + 100% Neem Cake)] was found in increasing Plant height, No. of leaves per plant, No. of branch, Test weight (g.plot-1) and grain yield and as well as yield


This study analyzes the management and outcomes of a series of 10 malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST) of the head and neck.


The results of the practical implementation of a method for preparing calibration standards based on magnetron sputtering of a chromium film on the surface of the standard are presented. This film is an electrically conductive layer that preserves the topography of relief elements and allows scanning without charge accumulation in the sample. The results obtained showed that the sputtering of thin chromium films on the surface of height standards, the relief elements of which have different reflection coefficients, makes it possible to measure the heights of such standards with a fairly low error.


Objective To explore the feasibility and safety of reoperation under laparoscopy for patients who underwent open bile duct surgery previously. Methods From March 2002 to March 2010,26 patients who had undergone open bile duct surgery received reoperation under laparoscopy. Four patients underwent laparoscopic cholecystetomy,19 underwent laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (16 received drainage using a T-tube,3 patients received primary suture of the common bile duct; 2 patients received drainage plus hepatectomy of the left lateral lobe),and 1 underwent hepatectomy for the left lateral lobe. Results 24 of the 26 patients showed satisfactory results after laparoscopic surgery,2 patients changed laparoscopic surgery to open surgery.Severe postoperative complications were not seen in all patients. Operative time was 55-230mins; intraoperative blood loss was 10-350 (22.3±9.5) ml; and postoperative hospital stay was 4-12 days. In the follow-up period of 5-72 months,there was no recurrence of gallstone. Conclusions With high laparoscopic techniques and experience of open bile duct operation,reoperation under laparoscopy can be safe,feasible and minimally invasive for selective patients.


����� ��� Soulographie just finished its run at La MaMa in New York. The project is twenty years of dramatic writing on genocide, spread across seventeen plays, presenting an array of perspectives (victim, perpetrator, witness, bystander) in various styles (from narrative time-lines to abstract puppetry), directed in cities ranging from Kampala (Uganda) to Warsaw (Poland) to San Francisco, Minneapolis, San Diego, Washington DC, Providence, Bronxville (New York State), and New York City (Brooklyn and Manhattan), staged by seventeen directors, supported by an extensive team of producers, dramaturgs, designers, managers, and other collaborators. 1 Genocidal crimes are constructed to be unspeakable and they are maintained that way, defended from an accountability to the fabric of reality and historical memory. The ambient method of production stands against this strategic inaccessibility by approaching from all sides at once. Genocidaires booby-trap their hundred paths into the human soul; we have to find a hundred others. Memorial theatre as a species of dissent and chthonic retrieval is multifarious: held in common by makers (including audiences) and disciplines. I wrote the plays and coproduced. Soulographie persists as a collective, after the production; we sustain a commitment to large scale, collective, theatre-ofwitness projects. 2


In this paper,a delayed predator-prey system with Holling-I functional response is discussed.The boundedness and permanence of the solutions are investigated.The local stability of the positive equilibrium is studied.The existence of Hopf bifurcation is analyzed.


During the last few years the use of organic food in public canteens in Austria has increased, which nowadays effects a relatively large marketing potential. Reasons for the rapid development on the one hand are the increasing public awareness of environmental, social and health issues, which causes a consolidated demand for the use of organic food by the particular customers. On the political side, the recent discussions on sustainable public procurement strategies can support the establishment of organic food in public canteens by setting the particular legal and financial framework. The aim of this paper is to point out some general conditions for the successful use of organic food in public canteens.


We specify and estimate a system of macro-financial linkages that incorporate transmission channels for both borrower- and lender-based macroprudential instruments. We then embed these linkages in a structural macro model of the Irish economy. To illustrate the usefulness of the model for policy analysis, we simulate several scenarios. We first show that regulatory changes to LTI and LTV ratios have a relatively large impact on the real economy, primarily through consumption. We next examine the stabilising properties of the countercyclical capital buffer. We find that releasing this buffer in response to an adverse real and financial shock can partially attenuate of the ensuing contraction in credit and output. Finally, we consider the impact of an exogenous fall in commercial real estate prices and demonstrate that this sector can generate significant macro-financial volatility.


The effect of p-phenylenediamine(PPD) on expression of esterase isozyme activites in serum and 4 tissues were studied in loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus with body weight of 25.20~28.06 g by a method of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at water temperature of 23~25 ℃.The results were listed as the following.The expression of the esterase isozyme activites in the tissues and serum was varied as the hepatopancreas﹥spleen﹥serum﹥heart﹥gill.There was no significant difference in the esterase isozyme activites at different doses of p-phenylenediamine.After p-phenylenediamine treatment,the esterase expression in the tissues and serum was found to be increased gradually first and then weakened,the weakest after 72 h treatments,increased slightly after 96 h,showing obvious variation and irritability.


Two problems in the theory of nematic liquid crystals are formulated. One is concerned with the change of orientation due to magnetic field and the other with shear flow. The solutions of the governing differential equations explain the physical phenomena which have been observed experimentally, namely the alignment of nematic liquid crystals with the magnetic field and with shear flow. In fact, it is shown that these two phenomena are closely related to each other.


Since the computation ability of computer improves dramatically, a lot of new meta-heuristic methods arise. All those algorithms are originated from some mechanisms in nature, and are similar in structure and widely used to solve global optimization problems. However, evolutionary algorithm, such as BBO, is lack of strict theory foundation and hard to be analyzed in theory, because it comes from heuristic idea and has complicated random behavior. Therefore, In this paper, we propose a Markov chain model of BBO to analyze the relationship between individual vector and PopSize , and prove that a Markov population series{ , 0,1,2,...}( ) t t t ξ ξ = ∈Ω in BBO is an absorbing Markov chain. Convergence analysis of BBO is obtained, which is the Markov population series in BBO converge to objective subspace * 0 B with probability one. Introduction Since 1960s, a lot of researchers are interested in evolutionary computation with the development of computer technology. Some famous algorithms are proposed, such as Genetic Algorithm, Evolutionary Programming, and Evolutionary Strategy. Since the computation ability of computer improves dramatically, a lot of new meta-heuristic methods arise, such as Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) [1], Particle swarm Optimization (PSO) [2], Differential Evolution (DE) [3], Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) [4], Biogeography Based Optimization (BBO) [5], Hybrid Grey Wolf Optimization (HGWO) [6] ,et al. All those algorithms are originated from some mechanisms in nature, and are similar in structure. We call such algorithms as evolutionary algorithms. In general, evolutionary algorithms are random and heuristic optimization methods, which are widely used to solve global optimization problems. As we use evolutionary algorithms to solve optimization problems, it is easy to add some heuristic ideas. Therefore, evolutionary algorithms demonstrate excellent performance in a lot of fields such as data mining, engineering optimization an industry design. However, evolutionary algorithm, such as BBO, is lack of strict theory foundation and hard to be analyzed in theory [7], because it comes from heuristic idea and has complicated random behavior. When we use BBO to solve optimization problems, there are short of theoretical guarantee. Therefore, In this paper, we propose a Markov chain model of BBO to analyze the relationship between individual vector and PopSize , and prove that a Markov population series{ , 0,1,2,...}( ) t t t ξ ξ = ∈Ω in BBO is an absorbing Markov chain. Convergence analysis of BBO is obtained, which is the Markov population series { , 0,1, 2,..., }( ) t t t ξ ξ = ∞ ∈Ω in BBO converge to objective subspace * 0 B with probability 1. 6th International Conference on Machinery, Materials, Environment, Biotechnology and Computer (MMEBC 2016) © 2016. The authors Published by Atlantis Press 2011 Basic of BBO Research work about biogeography could be traced to nineteen century, when Alfred Wallance[8] and Charles Darwin[9]started their research. In 1960s, Robert MacArthur and Edward Wilson obtained breakthrough and they published their achievement and created mathematical model of biogeography. In 2008, Dan Simon [5] proposed a new optimization method based on biogeography called BBO, which are widely applied in Engineering Optimization [10-14]. The mathematical model of biogeography demonstrates the process that species migrate from one island to another. Islands or habitats that are well suited for species obtain high Habitat Suitability Index (HSI). Theoretical Analysis of BBO As we create Markov chain model for BBO, we should first map the state space of a Markov chain to the operation space of BBO. If the population size of BBO is one, the state space of the Markov chain is the solution space. That means every solution is a state. If we code the solution with d bits binary system, the solution space is {1,0} S = . Furthermore, the number of the states is | | 2 S = . If the population size of BBO is PopSize, which is greater than one, suppose the population is a ordered and repeatable set. That means some individuals in the population could be the same. The state space of the Markov chain could be mapped to the population space PopSize {0,1} Ω = . Furthermore, the number of the population states is PopSize | | 2 Ω = . If the population is an unordered and repeatable set, the state space of the Markov chain could be mapped to the population space PopSize {0,1} Ω ⊂ . After the state space of the Markov chain is set, arbitrary population x X and y X , population y X is generated by population x X at a probability 1 ( | ) t y t x P X X ξ ξ + = = , which is the transition matrix of the Markov chain. Definition 1 A state x S of a Markov chain is called an absorbing state, if it could not escape itself. That means 1 ii p = . A Markov chain is called an absorbing Markov chain, if it has at least one absorbing state and an arbitrary state could reach an absorbing state at one or several steps. The above definition could be also stated as follows: given a Markov population series { , 0,1, 2,...}( ) t t t ξ ξ = ∈Ω and a objective subspace * 0 B ⊂ Ω , the Markov chain is an absorbing Markov chain, if 1 0 0 ( | ) 1 t t P B B ξ ξ ∗ ∗ + ∈ ∈ = , {0,1,2,...} t ∀ ∈ . (1) In BBO algorithm, there are several operations such as migration and mutation operation. Markov chain model should be created for the respective operation. Suppose a solution space T is d bits binary system, we get the size of T is m 2 = . {1,2,3,..., } m i ∀ ∈ ,a solution i x ,there is a population P with PopSize individuals. We define a vector 1 2 ( , ,..., ,..., ) i m w w w w = w , {1,2,3,..., } m i ∀ ∈ , and i w indicates the number of i x in the population P. We can obtain the relationship between w and PopSize as follows: Proposition 1 An arbitrary population in BBO is made up of PopSize individuals which select from the search space 1 2 3 { , , ,..., } m T x x x x = , that means PopSize : R R m d d ψ × × → ,here we get


The gold reference catalyst Au/TiO(2) exhibits high activity in the stereoselective epoxidation of trans-stilbene in methylcyclohexane in the presence of 5 mol% TBHP, by taking part in a chain reaction involving the activation of molecular oxygen by a radical produced from methylcyclohexane.


In a time when crisis (if not recession) hits severely the life of the majority of the people in the globe, a book dealing with this draws attention immediately. Both professionals and academics are eager to find new insights into the current crisis, how to understand its complexity and how to manage it, and find ways out of it. The tourism industry and its agents are not an exception. As indicated in its introduction, tourism is particularly vulnerable to crises of all kinds. It is well known that cycles characterise the capitalist system, but apparently its ups and downs are more and more compressed in time, and more acute, as a result of the globalisation process and the lack of control on its many chaotic interrelations worldwide. So, learning to survive and thrive in an almost permanent crisis, in an era of endless change, seems wise. This and other great problems of our time need a deep debate capable of illuminating new and effective strategic approaches. Since it will be the result of a stronger interdisciplinary efforts and cross-fertilisation, these new approaches may present a more effective response to some of the massive challenges shaking contemporary society. For this reason, these challenges should not be viewed solely through the prism of the market, but through diverse perspectives, able to provide a much more balanced understanding. Some of the main problems of our time are addressed in this book, of course with regard to their implications in the tourism industry:


Narrow pelvis is characterized as an insufficient maternal bony pelvis that does not allow for fetal transit due to a variety of factors. Animal immaturity is one of these reasons. This communication was written with the goal of documenting surgical management of dystocia and its impact on a two-year-old heifer who was with a full-term pregnancy. A vaginal delivery was tried but failed due to the narrow maternal pelvis. To avoid any post-operative problems, the surgical management was carried out under strict aseptically. A volume of 30 ml 2% Lidocaine Hydrochloride was infiltrated on left flank with inverted L-block techniques. While the cow was on her right lateral recumbency. The uterus was emptied of a deceased fetus but fetal membrane with the intact umbilical cord was returned back to the womb. Suturing was done using standard surgical procedures, and post-surgical care was followed-up for ten-days. The heifer was successfully rehabilitated.


Based on the contemporary shared memory Symmetric Multi Processing parallel machines (SMP), and the directive parallel programming platform, this paper discusses optimization and parallelization of a sparse linear equations solver package MFS for reservoir simulation software with more than one million nodes.Firstly, with the high performance characteristics of contemporary microprocessors, we organize the optimization of MFS by adjusting both data and cycle structures for the Cache hit ratio, and improve the performance by 20% for R5000, and moreover, eliminate the potential Cache coherence collision during parallelization.Secondly, we parallelize the solver package MFS with the effective techniques such as cycle combination, domain decomposition and large granularity parallel pipeline.Finally, under POWER CHALLENGE R8000 (6 CPUs) and R10000 (8 CPUs), we organize the numerical experiments for some three dimensional three phase problem with half and one million nodes respectively, and the parallel efficiencies are all higher than 60%.


Plants have evolved a variety of approaches to attract pollinators, including enriching their nectar with essential nutrients. Because sodium is an essential nutrient for pollinators, and sodium concentration in nectar can vary both within and among species, we explored whether experimentally enriching floral nectar with sodium in five plant species would influence pollinator visitation and diversity. We found that the number of visits by pollinators increased on plants with sodium-enriched nectar, regardless of plant species, relative to plants receiving control nectar. Similarly, the number of species visiting plants with sodium-enriched nectar was twice that of controls. Our findings suggest that sodium in floral nectar may play an important but unappreciated role in the ecology and evolution of plant–pollinator mutualisms.


Among the various dusts generated in the process of production, silica-containing respirable dust is pathogen of coal workers pneumoconiosis; therefore, dust control must be highly emphasized in coal mining. Pneumoconiosis cases have been ever increasing in China. According to the conservative statistics, the cumulated number of CWP had reached more than 250,000 by the end of 2002, the death cases were twice the number of death from accidents that year. Respirable dust has the distinctive features of tiny in particulate diameter, long-suspending and invisible to naked eyes. It is easy to be deposited in pulmonary alveoli causing CWP. Pneumoconiosis is not curable, but preventable. The effective way to control the dust is to take comprehensive measures, such as suppressing the dust sources, exhausting suspending dust, installing ventilation system and taking personal protective devices. Meanwhile, medical surveillance must be conducted simultaneously with the technical dust control measures. Technical measures must also be taken to prevent coal dust and gas outburst and explosion.


In the present scenario, rapid market development and attraction of new customers & even preserving the old customers is the concern of many business organizations. Therefore, due to the intense competition, companies and organizations use diverse techniques of marketing. Due to the development of selfservice stores the product selection of customers without any interference by the seller, one of the most important factor in today's scenario to attract new consumers is the colour of the product that exhibits more in product's packaging. Packaging a product is the unique blend of numerous components each of which can be effective in creating a certain image in the minds of consumers. Colour is the foremost factor in the attractiveness of packaging. The motive of this study is to address the difficulties that is being faced by the managers and packaging designers in conveying of the message as intended by the organization through the product's colour. A greater understanding of the impact of these visual aspects allows the marketing professionals to direct the content of their messages in a better way and find a much suitable position against the competing products. In this study, the researcher has attempted to review the relevant research papers and explain the importance of colour in attracting the customer. In this research, the consumer behaviour, the factors influencing the behaviour and the relevance of the element "Colour" have been carefully scrutinized, and then, the characteristics of different colours and their purpose and role in marketing have been described. The final section gives recommendations on how to attract more customers with regard to the functional nature of each product and its appropriate colour.


Significance Viruses are important causes of human disease and provide tools for understanding host immune defense mechanisms. Poxviruses are good models for probing the immune system because many replicate well in human cells, some cause severe disease, and nearly half of the 200 viral genes are devoted to host interactions. The virus/host equilibrium can be perturbed by mutating a viral gene and restored by suppressing the opposing host genes. To find relevant host genes for one such poxvirus mutation, we used a high-throughput human genome-wide RNAi screen and monitored virus spread. Three proteins were identified: Two participate in processive DNA replication and another activates transcription of one of the DNA replication proteins to form a putative antiviral network. Viruses and their hosts can reach balanced states of evolution ensuring mutual survival, which makes it difficult to appreciate the underlying dynamics. To uncover hidden interactions, virus mutants that have lost defense genes may be used. Deletion of the gene that encodes serine protease inhibitor 1 (SPI-1) of rabbitpox virus and vaccinia virus, two closely related orthopoxviruses, prevents their efficient replication in human cells, whereas certain other mammalian cells remain fully permissive. Our high-throughput genome-wide siRNA screen identified host factors that prevent reproduction and spread of the mutant viruses in human cells. More than 20,000 genes were interrogated with individual siRNAs and those that prominently increased replication of the SPI-1 deletion mutant were subjected to a secondary screen. The top hits based on the combined data—replication factor C3 (RFC3), FAM111A, and interferon regulatory factor 2 (IRF2)—were confirmed by custom assays. The siRNAs to RFC1, RFC2, RFC4, and RFC5 mRNAs also enhanced spread of the mutant virus, strengthening the biological significance of the RFC complex as a host restriction factor for poxviruses. Whereas association with proliferating cell nuclear antigen and participation in processive genome replication are common features of FAM111A and RFC, IRF2 is a transcriptional regulator. Microarray analysis, quantitative RT-PCR, and immunoblotting revealed that IRF2 regulated the basal level expression of FAM111A, suggesting that the enhancing effect of depleting IRF2 on replication of the SPI-1 mutant was indirect. Thus, the viral SPI-1 protein and the host IRF2, FAM111A, and RFC complex likely form an interaction network that influences the ability of poxviruses to replicate in human cells.


The object of attention in this article is perceptual presupposition, which determines the Chinese Russianists' reception of modern Russian literature and is explained by the specifics of the history of academic reading in China. Under the influence of the policies, like Correction of Mistakes and Emancipating the Mind, Chinese literary scholars comprehended their experience of reception of Russian literature soberly and objectively. They found it necessary to eliminate the gaps, correct the distortions and rehabilitate the writers. The fact of distorted submissions of Russian literature in the twentieth century and the causes of distortion, that Chinese scientists have been aware of, generate an importance of the full view. This presupposition is shown in two ways. One is an effort to maximum grasp of literary material in order to avoid new lacunas, the other is conscious need for not limited by epistemologically ideological analysis, preferring to study the literary phenomenon as a socially determined formally meaningful unity. Another presupposition of research is systematization of representations in modern Russian literature, which shows the definition in four aspects, first, the key social-cultural and proper literary events that defined the movement of literature, second, literary trends, third, aesthetic directions or trends, fourth, the attempt to combine the topical literary phenomenon, and to single out the leading subjects.


By analyzing the noise of transformer in electric power,it discusses the transformer noise ' s production,calculation,the measurement as well as the means to reduce it,and the way to eliminate its influence to the environment.


A slow-down rescue apparatus with self power generation for high-rise buildings is designed,which is characterized with its small volume,light weight,high load and convenient in installation with rescuing height up to 100m.The working principle of the rescue apparatus is to transmit velocity in the process of human body falling to the generator which will drive the generator to produces electricity by applying multi-grade speed-increasing gears.And then the electric energy is transmitted into thermal energy,which will be scattered into the air through the power thermal resistance in order to decrease the rate of potential energy transmitting into kinetic energy,and realize slow-down of the human body form high buildings.According to the normal load of human body,a tri-grade speed-increasing gear mechanism is designed to realize the transmitting of falling velocity,and calculate the transmitting rate of each gear group,thus a 3-D model design of the rescue apparatus is finished by applying Pro/E software.It apparatus can be widely used in high-rise buildings for high altitude ramp down and escape when a fire occurs.


Soil, plant, and water (Kasnazan impoundment and well water) samples were monthly collected from Kasnazan (10 Km north east of Erbil city) during August 2004 to February 2005. Chemical and statistical analysis indicated that the irrigation with well water resulted to decreases EC from 0.87 dS.m to 0.49 dS.m, because of leaching and dilution effects. Statistically there is a positive significant correlation (P< 0.05) between SAR value of well water and irrigated soil with it, whereas, a negative correlation of Mg concentrations observed between well water and soil irrigated with it. On the other hand, there was high content of Mg and low content of K for eucalyptus plant irrigated by well water in comparison to that irrigated with impoundment water. INTRODUCTION Water plays an important role in soil productivity and plant growth, and it is regarded as a limiting factor in plant growth. Much natural water contains impurities that make them directly harmful for plant. Plants vary in their tolerate to poor water qualities, so the soil regards as an important factor in limiting water suitability for irrigation (Taiz and Zeiger, 2006). The quality of irrigation water is depended on salt content, the nature of salts present in solution and proportion of Na to Ca , Mg and other cations (Shirokova et al., 2000). Iraqi Kurdistan Region is rich in water resources like rivers, streams, spring, lake, and impoundment water. Many limnological and phycological studies were conducted in Kasnazan impoundment water a large lentic system within Erbil province (Rashhed, 1994; Al-Barazingy, 1995; Toma, 2000; Bapeer, 2004 and Goran, 2006), whereas, there is a shortage information about water quality for irrigation purposes. This study is the first attempt to reduce existing gap about Kasnazan water quality and its effect on each of soil's ionic component and their effect on Eucalyptus camaldulensis (Dehn), in addition to comparing it with the result of ground water of Kasnazan location. According to United State Salinity laboratory Staff (1954) Classified irrigation water to sixteen classes depending on dS. m at 25 °C and SAR as follows: Electrical Conductivity dS.m at 25 °C Water Classes 0


Light is a particularly appealing tool for on‐demand drug delivery due to its noninvasive nature, ease of application, and exquisite temporal and spatial control. Great progress is achieved in the development of novel light‐driven drug delivery strategies with both breadth and depth. Light‐controlled drug delivery platforms can be generally categorized into three groups: photochemical, photothermal, and photoisomerization‐mediated therapies. Various advanced materials, such as metal nanoparticles, metal sulfides and oxides, metal–organic frameworks, carbon nanomaterials, upconversion nanoparticles, semiconductor nanoparticles, stimuli‐responsive micelles, polymer‐ and liposome‐based nanoparticles are applied for light‐stimulated drug delivery. In view of the increasing interest in on‐demand targeted drug delivery, the development of light‐responsive systems with a focus on recent advances, key limitations, and future directions is reviewed.