Increasing resistance, side effects, and other issues related to patient adherence continue to pose challenges for malaria prophylaxis. New data suggest that an old drug, primaquine -- used for decades to treat the hepatic stage of malaria -- may be an effective and well-tolerated means of preventing this disease. In this study, …


Abstract Partial oxidation of methane to formaldehyde was studied over MoO3 samples which exposed different relative amounts of basal (010) and side (100) plane area. Characterization studies included X-ray diffraction, laser Raman spectroscopy, in situ laser Raman spectroscopy combined with isotopic labeling, scanning electron microscopy, three-dimensional imaging technique, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, BET surface area measurement, and temperature-programmed reduction. These characterization results were used in conjunction with steady-state reaction studies using methane, formaldehyde, CO, and methanol as the feed over molybdenum trioxide samples to investigate the catalytic anisotropy previously observed over these catalysts for other reaction systems. These studies suggested that the MoO sites located on the side plane could be promoting the formation of formaldehyde, while the bridging oxygen sites located on the basal planes were more likely to lead to complete oxidation.


Economical evaluation of power quality is particularly important in the new scen ery of competitive electricity markets. Based on fuzzy neural networks (FNN), th is paper proposes an approach to evaluate the power quality indices, in which th e difficulty to describe evaluation in models of mathematics is overcome. The ba sal principle, model of networks and method of evaluation applied to one item of power quality are also explained. The example given indicates that the approach is exact and convenient.


In his paper "Language in Modern African Drama" Isaiah Ilo proposes alternative criteria for language choice in modern African drama. The two most influential constructs on the language question are Fanon's essentialism that rejects Western languages as instruments of subjugation and Achebe's hybrid approach which entails subversion of the foreign languages by infusing them with African verbal characteristics. The constructs, which emphasise indigenised language and content, stem from the idea that consciousness of the colonial experience should determine language choice and usage in post-colonial African literary creativity. In building a case for a post-indiginist aesthetic, Ilo argues that present reality rather than past experience should influence decision about language choice for modern African drama. The ideal criteria should consist of practical consideration for audience needs, rather than a romantic fixation with the colonial experience that requires from writers rare or inaccessible skills in the use of mother tongue or usage of local lore to indigenise a foreign tongue. In sum, Ilo proposes that, for reasons of communicative exigency and in the spirit of post-modern diversity, every language in use on the continent should be a medium of African playwriting. Isaiah Ilo, "Language in Modern African Drama" page 2 of 9 CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture 8.4 (2006):


33 males and 12 female patients were selected for tymponoplasty either righter left harvesting of the tragalcartilage graft with a thickness between 0.2 to 0.4 mm and techniques used were underlay techniques and lateral to the hand of malleus supported by gel foam on both sides. During the study mean value of diameters of external canal in 21 males (63.6%) was 1.2 mm, and 12 males (36.3%) it was 1-4mm. In females 7 females (58.3%) the diameters of external canal was 1.2mm and in 5 females (41.6%) it was 1.3mm. The size of perforating gap in tympanic membrane Air borne gap range and average range study. 20 males had 1–2 mm perforations, air borne range was 10–31 dB and average range was 22dB. In 10 males the perforation size was upto 1mm, air borne range was-0.25mm, the average range was 11dB. In 3 males air borne range 17-31dB and average range was 23 dB. In females study 7 females had 2-3mm perforation, air borne range was 14–36 and average was 24 dB, In 3 females perforation was upto 1mm, air borne range was 0–25 dB and average was 9 dB, In 2 females had 3-4mm perforation, air borne range was 17–31 dB and average range was 23 dB. This study of tympanoplasty by tragal cartilage will be certainly helpful to junior ENT surgeons and biotechnologist to invent such similar technique in future.


This paper discusses a well known change of co-ordinates for multiple output systems from a different viewpoint, and a new, simplified, low order observer design. The discussion of the transformation given here exhibits more of the system structure than previous presentations. The observer design procedure does not require explicitly performing a change of basis on the system, and includes the construction of the linear transformation relating the system state to the asymptotic observer state.


0 to 98% by weight butyl styrene, and 0 to 80 wt% vinyl toluene, and 1.5 to 25 wt% divinylbenzene having ethylvinylbenzene of 1 to 98 wt%, is polymerized and 0 to 80 weight percent styrene catalysts prepared by. To produce a copolymer beads were sulfonated and used as a catalyst. .BACKGROUND


Effect of host aphid, plant host, temperature, release rate, and control effect on parasitism of Diaeretiella rapae were examined in laboratory and in cabbage greenhouse. In laboratory test, the parasitism of D. rapae was highest in Lipaphis erysimi with 64.0%, in radish with 72.0%, at 20℃ with 66.0%, and 1:10 (wasp:aphid) release rate with 80.0%, respectively. D. rapae was released to cabbage with 1:10 (wasp:aphid) ratio per 200 py?ng when L. erysimi occurred 2~4 individual per a leaf. The release of D. rapae was each one time and two times by one week interval. The control effect of D. rapae after 7 days, 14 days, 21 days, and 28 days from the first release were 66.1%, 76.0%, 64.6% and 67.2%, respectively. After second release of D. rapae the control effects were 77.7% in 7 days, 85.3% in 14 days, 76.3% in 21 days, and 79.7% in 28 days. As a result the control of L. erysimi was done successfully by two times release of D. rapae with 1:10 (wasp:aphid) ratio by seven days interval in early emergence of L. erysimi.


Objectives Given the positive effects of stimulation with breast milk odor and non-nutritive sucking (NNS) on preterm feeding skills, we examined the effect of NNS and milk odor, on the time of achieving independent oral feeding in preterm infants. Materials & Methods This study was conducted at two Neonatal Intensive Care Units of Tehran, Iran in 2016. Overall, 32 neonates with gestational ages of 28-32 wk were enrolled in two groups; NNS with and without olfactory stimuli (breast milk odor). The simulations were performed in both groups during the first five minutes of gavage, three times per day, and over ten consecutive days. Weight gain, time of achieving oral feeding and chronological age at discharge were as measures of the effectiveness of the interventions. The results of the interventions were analyzed and compared using SPSS.18. Results NNS with breast milk odor resulted to a lower post-menstrual age at the first oral feeding, independent oral feeding and discharge from the hospital, but had no effects on their daily weight gain and weight at the time of discharge. Conclusion These results show the effectiveness of combining milk odor and NNS as two important stimuli in achieving oral feeding and earlier discharge from the hospital.


The paper offers a discrete thermodynamic model of lasers. Laser is an open system; its equilibrium is based on a balance of two thermodynamic forces, one related to the incoming pumping power and another to the emitted light. The basic expression for such equilibrium is a logistic map, graphical solutions to which are pitchfork bifurcation diagrams. As pumping force increases, the relative populations on the ground and lasing branches tend to zero and unity correspondingly. An interesting feature of this model is the line spectrum of the up and down transitions between the branches beyond bifurcation point. Even in a simple case of 2-level laser with only 2 possible transition types (up and down), the spectra look like sets of the line packets, starting well before the population inversion. This effect is an independent confirmation of the Einstein's prohibition on practical realization of 2-level laser. Multilevel lasers may be approached by employing the idea of thermodynamic activity for the emitting atoms. Considering coefficient of thermodynamic activity of the lasing level atoms to be proportional to the ratio of life times on the upper and lasing (the 3d) levels, one can derive a new basic map for the multilevel laser system. For a modest ratio only of 0.01, spontaneous transitions between levels are pushed to the area beyond population inversion, opening a space for the functioning of laser.


In Ecuador education spending in the state is an important area, however, the same coverage is not adequate , since there is a noticeable gap in access to educational services among households , focusing this problem specially in the level higher education , with the lower income strata , who are disadvantaged with respect to this service. Faced with this problem this research was the subject of " IMPACT DISTRIBUTION OF PUBLIC EXPENDITURE ON EDUCATION SECTOR IN ECUADOR IN THE PERIOD 1995-2006 " which is done at a national level and Southern Region.
The overall objective of this research was: To contribute to the knowledge of reality about spending in the education sector in Ecuador, through the analysis of benefit incidence, thus determining the escalation and contributing with information for better allocation of public spending.
The methodology proposed by Peter Glick method and the graphical method of Lorenz curves are used to demonstrate the degree of concentration of spending in different deciles of the population. The overall conclusion of the study of incidence of public spending on education is primary, pro - poor at the national level, concentrating over 50 % profit in 40% of the poor , high school is progressive and almost equidistribuido Superior level has a behavior does not pro - poor and focusing on the highest levels for 60% of all public expenditure , these results are similar both nationally and Southern Region.


A Water Management System (WMS) was developed to visualize and to integrate data from different pollutant sources contained in the surface and underground waters of Natal, capital of the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, aiming to help the improvement the water quality for human consumption. The data were obtained in official departments and in loco using a GPS, to complete a database with information related to the sampled point, with inclusion of pictures, profiles, analytic and other data. To these environmental data were added information about endemic diseases related to the water resources, and then cross-linked. This procedure allowed a better understanding of the current context of the water resources system, enabling thus a future management and administration of the water quality in the studied area. It was observed that this region lacks of an appropriate sanitation politics to avoid the pollution of the groundwater, as well as of an adequate administration in some areas located in the aquifer recharge zone, which are vulnerable to the contamination by nitrate and coliforms.


Soul Shakedown: The Politics of Soul Music by Melanie Catherine Young Dr. Jerry L. Simich, Examination Committee Chair Professor of Political Science University of Nevada, Las Vegas This thesis demonstrates the value of the 'hegemonic' theory of politics as a basis for the discussion of the importance of commercially popular music in the political socialization process. The theoretical foundations of popular music studies are considered, the existing literature on popular soul music is reviewed, and an analysis of the lyrics of primarily popular soul songs from 1965 to 1975 is presented. The content analysis suggests that the conception of the black man as described by the whites served a hegemonic function in the culture of African-Americans. However, popular soul music lyrics of the 1960s and 1970s vocalized in opposition to this dominant belief system, celebrating the culture of AfricanAmericans through themes of freedom, pride, and power. iii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT.......................................................iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ............................................ V CHAPTER 1 POLITICS AND SOUL MUSIC.........................1 Popular Soul Music is Political Too......................4 The Problem of Defining Soul Music.......................9 The Next Phase...........................................12 CHAPTER 2 A PHILOSOPHICAL SHUFFLE........................14 Popular Music as Passionate Communication.............. 15 Adorno and Gramsci on Popular Music.....................19 CHAPTER 3 REVIEW OF THE EXISTING LITERATURE............. 27 High and Low Culture Discussions........................28 Hegemonic and Counter-Hegemonic Discussions............ 34 CHAPTER 4 THE MOVEMENT AND SOUL WORDS OF FREEDOM, PRIDE, AND POWER...................................... 42 Civil Rights and Popular Soul Music to 1963........... 44 The Movements in Popular Soul Music Lyrics, 1963-1975.. 47 Notes on Popularity and Black/White Markets............ 67 CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION..................................... 71 The Song Has Been Sung.................................. 71 APPENDIX ................................................. 77 Table 1: Cashbox Singles and Black Singles Charts Highs and Total Weeks by Artist............................... 77 BIBLIOGRAPHY............................................... 85 DISCOGRAPHY................................................ 94 VITA...................................................... 106


Eye tracking has been used in usability testing for many years to gain objective measurements to inform label, instruction, and product design. With many different testing environments, possible participants, hardware, and software, key metrics can vary greatly. These metrics can also vary for different studies, so a standardized test method, metrics, and calculation method are proposed in this study. The Tobii Pro Glasses 2 is a mobile eye tracker that does not significantly affect user mobility compared to other eye-trackers. This study aims to build a testing method, which can modify to better fit the varying conditions found in usability testing. This study was performed with Tobii Pro Glasses 2; however, this test method can be used with any mobile eye tracking units. Even with poor testing conditions, this test method results in reliable metrics which can be utilized to inform expectation and decisions with eye tracking. These methods are recommended to be performed prior to eye tracking testing to determine testing-specific performance.


The present invention discloses a method which manages and displays the download tasks in the download tools. The present invention adopts the download sort to process the sort managing and displaying of the download tasks and comprises the following steps: A, acquiring the status of each download task in the download sorts; B, ensuring the quantity of the download tasks which in the scheduled status in the download sorts; C, displaying the number of the ensured download tasks which are in the scheduled status on the relevant positions of the download sorts. The present invention also discloses a device which manages and displays the download tasks in the download tools and is applied in the download tools which sort manages and displays the download tasks by adopting the download sorts, the present invention comprises a status acquiring module, a number ensuring module and a displaying module. Adopting the present invention can make the users quickly know the changes of the task status so as to make the users manage the download tasks more conveniently.


Summary form only given. Gyroklystrons have received a great deal of attention in recent years for a variety of mm-wave applications. In this paper, we present a preliminary design of a Ka-band second harmonic, three cavities gyroklystron amplifier with all cavities operating in the high order TE/sub 021/ mode. The results show that our gyroklystron at 35 GHz can produce an output peak power of over 250 kW with 22 dB gain, 23% maximum efficiency and a 3-dB bandwidth of more than 100 MHz.


It is shown that, in a structure consisting of two superconductors separated by an antiferromagnetic layer, slow polaritons may be formed in the domain of resonance interaction of the slow Swihart waves with oscillations of magnetization in the layer. The laws of dispersion of hybrid waves are obtained in the case of a uniaxial antiferromagnetic placed in a field normal to the anisotropy axis. If the antiferromagnetic layer is sufficiently thin, interaction of slow polaritons with a wave of Josephson's current and the influence of this interaction on the current-voltage characteristic (CVC) of the structure are considered. The interaction parameters are estimated.


A comprehensive study of the cultural ecology, demography, and domestic organization of one village undergoing socioeconomic changes, the Tamang community of Timling.


To understand digital modulators it may be insightful to first review some of the basic concepts of signals. With a basic understanding of signals, the concept of baseband and bandpass signals can be addressed. Which then leads to the concept of modulation in continuous time (the analog world). Once continuous time modulation is understood, the step to digital modulation is relatively simple. Signals The variety of signal types and classes is broad and a discussion of all of them is not necessary to understand the concepts of digital modulation. However, one class of signals is very important: periodic complex exponentials . Periodic complex exponentials have the form: x(t) = β(t)e


An ischemic stroke is a local lesion that disrupts the large-scale structural and functional connectivity of the brain. Although local, the ischemic stroke often leads to deficits in cognitive functions which can't be explained by local brain damage. It is believed that stroke-induced large-scale network alteration represents the mechanisms responsible for a decline in cognitive functions which are dependent on large-scale integration. To gain insight into the pathophysiological principles of how a local lesion results in a global cognitive decline requires a reliable and robust algorithm that can quantify the relationship between cognitive functions and network properties. In this study, we have developed, optimized, and tested a processing pipeline to parameterize complex neuropsychological evaluation and determine the functional connectivity from high-density EEG recordings. The developed algorithm was applied on a cohort of 27 patients who suffered a stroke and who were underwent cognitive examinations and high-density EEG monitoring one and two years after the stroke. The developed automatic algorithm demonstrated that it can reliably estimate functional connectivity and that it is robust against the physiological and technical artifacts. The proposed processing pipeline allows an unbiased and quantitative characterization of cognitive performance and its comparison with functional connectivity alterations.


The study was conducted in areas of the Colon Vial near the Guama River, Pinar del Rio city, with the objective of characterizing the main arboreal species present in the place, highlighting dendrological aspects (size, type of leaves, fruits, habitat conditions, geographical distribution, characteristics of wood, uses, most represented families and phenology). From the observations in the field the description of the species was made. Diameter and height were measured for the most representative species. The obtained field data were subsequently processed with the help of Microsoft Excel, drawing up the graphs to present the results. Twenty arboreal species were identified, being the most abundant: Gmelina arborea Roxb, Trichilia hirta L, Acacia mangium Willd. and Tectona grandis L.f. The most represented families were: Fabaceae (5), Meliaceae (4) and the family Bignonaceae (2) species respectively, the rest of the families were only represented by one species in the area. The highest species were Acacia mangium and Gmelina arborea and the largest diameter Gmelina arborea and Hibiscus elatus Sw. The data obtained in the area show that 40% of the trees are flowering and 50 % of these without flowers, the 50% fructified, 40% without fruit. The fruits predominate in capsules and legumes, facilitating the dispersion of the seeds. Timber and ornamental were determined as the main uses.


Abstract Sexual dimorphisms have been recognized in most aspects of human health and disease, and there is now clear evidence for more pronounced differences in response to pharmacological interventions of aging. Here, male and female C57BL/6J mice at six months of age were administered 0.5% metformin in their diet every-other-week (EOW) for the remainder of their lives. The intervention was well tolerated and did not result in lifespan extension. Male mice treated with metformin EOW lost weight and augmented lean-to-fat ratio. In contrast, EOW females were refractory to changes in body weight and body composition compared to controls. The intervention did not influence non-fasted plasma glucose levels, while causing an increase in lactate in mice of both sexes. Indirect calorimetry was performed to measure energy expenditure in EOW mice that were either ON or OFF metformin during testing. Focusing on the respiratory exchange ratio (RER), males, but not females, preferentially utilized carbohydrates (RER ~0.9-1.0) when OFF metformin, switching to lipids (RER ~0.8-0.9) when ON metformin. This resulted in significant differences compared to controls in both periods (OFF and ON). RER of EOW females was different from controls during OFF metformin (RER ~0.8-0.9), while exhibiting significantly lower RER when ON metformin (RER ~0.7-0.8). These results clearly point at a strong dimorphism in the action of metformin in mice, including its role in metabolic homeostasis and overall health span. A better understanding of how sex influences the health and prolongevity benefits of metformin will benefit our understanding of the longterm clinical implications.


Chryseobacterium meningosepticum is a Gram-negative bacillus historically associated with meningitis and sepsis in premature neonates. It is an infrequently isolated organism and a rare cause of adult and pleural infections. We reported the first case of thoracic empyema due to C. meningosepticum, in a 78-year-old man with transitional cell carcinoma and diabetes mellitus. He developed fever and dyspnea 13 days after bladder surgery, and was intubated due to hypoxic respiratory failure the following day. The chest radiograph revealed pleural effusion and consolidation in the left lower lung field, and thoracentesis obtained turbid fluid. Gram-negative bacilli were visible on staining of the plural fluid, and C. meningosepticum was isolated from the sputum, blood and pleural fluid. Thoracic drainage and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole therapy were then instituted. A subsequent chest radiograph showed gradual resolution of the empyema. Although it is a rare pathogen, Chryseobacterium empyema should be excluded in a dyspneic cancer patient with pleural effusion.


Related strategic of social service was discussed by university library facing to social service the necessity and advantage analysis on regulations conforming,documents guarantee and management mode.


In anticipation of the future multi-constellation and multi-frequency signals, the number of ranging sources available for positioning will significantly increase. This development will improve the positioning performance and thus will expand the application of satellite navigation. Therefore, RAIM-based GNSS could be used for more demanding applications such as approach with vertical guidance (APV)-I or APV-II approaches. However, with a large number of ranging sources, one can no longer assume that the probability of failure for more than one satellite with a certain timeframe is negligible.
This paper proposed a fast RAIM algorithm based on dichotomy, named DT-RAIM (DichoTomy based RAIM) in this paper. DT-RAIM is based on conventional Least Squares Residuals (LSR) method to detect faults and the comparison between estimated ranges and measurement pseudo-ranges to identify the faulty satellites, which is similar to the Range Comparison RAIM algorithm. This algorithm can identify two faults and single fault very quickly as LSR, because that it is not necessary to ransack all the subsets of that omit one or more or four satellites.


We are indebted to nurses such as Judy Jones, who suspected a nursing home owner was abusing residents and collected evidence to confirm this. He was jailed for four years in February this year (News September 24).


Integrated healthcare center (Posyandu) is an important health service for babies and toddlers at the earliest, visits by toddlers at the posyandu are related to the role of the mother as the person most responsible for the health of her toddler. Visits by mothers of toddlers are influenced by education, employment status, income level, level of knowledge, age of toddlers, and number of toddlers. This research aimed to determine the relationship between the knowledge of mothers of toddlers about posyandu activities and visits by toddlers in North Tanon Hamlet, Tanon Village, Papar District. The research design used correlation analysis with a cross-sectional approach. The sample in this study was 44 respondents taken using a purposive sampling technique. Data collection uses a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the Spearman Rho Test. The research results showed that most respondents had insufficient knowledge, as many as 27 respondents (61.4%), and most respondents made inactive visits as many as 21 respondents (47.7%). The analysis showed a significant relationship between maternal knowledge and toddler visits at Posyandu (p-value = 0.003; α <0.05). Mothers' knowledge about Posyandu and the benefits of Posyandu can influence mothers' motivation to bring their toddlers to Posyandu visits. Mothers with poor knowledge about Posyandu can reduce toddlers' visits to Posyandu.


V. A. Morgan, S. F. Riches, S. Giles, N. Van As, C. Parker, and N. M. deSouza Clinical Magnetic Resonance Group, Royal Marsden NHS Trust, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom, Clinical Magnetic Resonance Group, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom, Academic Urology Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Trust, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom, Academic Urology Unit, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom


The present invention provides a high-strength impermeable concrete, the concrete containing sand, gravel, cement, water reducing agent and water, wherein said concrete further comprises reinforced impermeable sand, sand and the reinforcing aeolian sand impermeable package comprising covering the surface of the binder aeolian sand. Aeolian sand by the addition of surface-modified in a binder and coated concrete containing sand, gravel, cement, water reducing agent and water to obtain a reinforced impermeable sand, can better fill the gap between the sand and gravel , each component of the concrete well bonded together, inhibiting water leakage after concrete molding, thus greatly improving the strength and the barrier effect of concrete.


Micro electrical discharge machining (EDM) as a non-contact machining process is very effective for micromachining with a thin electrode because of its low machining reaction force. The micro-electrode machining device has the advantage of maintaining high precision through the whole processes and uses a feeding wire in the thin electrode tool manufacturing process. This study describes the design and evaluation of a micro-electrode machining device using optical photo-interrupter. The electrode was fabricated by reverse electrical discharge machining. The performance of designed system was evaluated to measure tension force according to feed speed of wire. This system for micro electrode fabrication proves the feasibility in the micro-EDM process of the micro holes and parts for industrial applications.


This research is meant to find out of service marketing mix (7P) which consist of product, price, promotion, place, people, process, and physical evidence to the costumer decision at juanda Airport in purchasing ticket of Citilink airline. The population is all passengers who are in the area of Juanda Airport who are waiting for their flight or have just landed at Juanda Airport through Citilink and the amount of total samples are 100 passengers at Juanda Airport. This research is quantitative and the primary data source is questionnaires and these questionnaires have been issued to the passengers who are included in the research samples category. by using classic assumption test and multiple linear regressions analysis which is processed by using computer software SPSS 16. The result of test shows that it is feasible. The result of these research shows that the partial influences of every variablesis used as research model to the costumer decision at Citilink Airline. among the results of the analyses, shows that product, price, place, promotion, people, anda process do not have any significant influence. Physical evidence has significant influence to the customer purchasing decision to the Citilink Airline. Keyword: service marketing mix, Airport, and Purchasing Decision.


. Using silicon MOSFETs with thin (5nm) thermally grown SiO 2 gate dielectrics, we characterize the density of electrically active traps at low- temperature after 16keV phosphorus ion-implantation through the oxide. We find that, after rapid thermal annealing at 1000oC for 5 seconds, each implanted P ion contributes an additional 0 . 08 ± 0 . 03 electrically active traps, whilst no increase in the number of traps is seen for comparable silicon implants. This result shows that the additional traps are ionized P donors, and not damage due to the implantation process. We also find, using the room temperature threshold voltage shift, that the electrical activation of donors at an implant density of 2 × 10 12 cm − 2 is ∼ 100%.


IGMP and MLD protocols are extensible, but no extensions have been
defined so far. This document provides a well-defined way of extending
IGMP and MLD, including a new extension type to distinguish between
different extensions.


Loop Heat Pipes (LHP) are capable of providing a means of transporting large quantities of heat over long distances with no input power other than the heat being transported due to the specially designed evaporator and separation of liquid and vapor lines. The correlation of geometrical, structural and physicochemical properties of the LHP elements and working fluid play a key role in LHP successful and reliable start-up and operation in required range of temperatures, heat loads and ambient conditions. For LHP design and fabrication, preliminary analysis on the basis of dimensionless criteria is necessary due to complicated phenomena, which take place in the heat pipe. In the course of this work, the LHP and its components including the evaporator were modeled with corresponding dimensionless groups being investigated. Analysis of heat and mass transfer processes in the LHP and selection of most weighted criteria from known dimensionless groups (thermal-fluid sciences), heat transfer rate limits, (heat pipe theory) and experimental ratios which are unique for given heat pipe class were discussed. The criteria set is simple and can be useful for calculations of LHP parameters and characteristics in engineering practice.


We have upgraded a 3-MeV linac at J-PARC. The ion source is same as the J-PARC linac's, and the old 30-mA RFQ is replaced by a spare 50-mA RFQ, therefore, the beam energy is 3 MeV and the nominal beam current is 50 mA. The main purpose of this system is to test the spare RFQ, but also used for testing of various components required in order to keep the stable operation of the J-PARC accelerator. The accelerator has been already commissioned, and measurement programs have been started. In this paper, present status of this 3-MeV linac is presented.


Evidence of a protective effect of several antioxidants and other nutrients on pancreatic cancer risk is inconsistent. The aim of this study was to investigate the association for prediagnostic plasma levels of carotenoids, vitamin C, retinol and tocopherols with risk of pancreatic cancer in a case–control study nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). 446 incident exocrine pancreatic cancer cases were matched to 446 controls by age at blood collection, study center, sex, date and time of blood collection, fasting status and hormone use. Plasma carotenoids (α‐ and β‐carotene, lycopene, β‐cryptoxanthin, canthaxanthin, zeaxanthin and lutein), α‐ and γ‐tocopherol and retinol were measured by reverse phase high‐performance liquid chromatography and plasma vitamin C by a colorimetric assay. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) for pancreatic cancer risk were estimated using a conditional logistic regression analysis, adjusted for smoking status, smoking duration and intensity, waist circumference, cotinine levels and diabetes status. Inverse associations with pancreatic cancer risk were found for plasma β‐carotene (IRR highest vs. lowest quartile 0.52, 95%CI 0.31–0.88, p for trend = 0.02), zeaxanthin (IRR highest vs. lowest quartile 0.53, 95%CI 0.30–0.94, p for trend = 0.06) and α‐tocopherol (IRR highest vs. lowest quartile 0.62, 95%CI 0.39–0.99, p for trend = 0.08. For α‐ and β‐carotene, lutein, sum of carotenoids and γ‐tocopherol, heterogeneity between geographical regions was observed. In conclusion, our results show that higher plasma concentrations of β‐carotene, zeaxanthin and α‐tocopherol may be inversely associated with risk of pancreatic cancer, but further studies are warranted.


Microstructural properties of an SOFC anode, such as tortuosity, surface-to-volume ratio and permeability, are quantitatively evaluated using three-dimensional data obtained by a system consisting of a focused ion beam and scanning electron microscope, FIB-SEM. A method employed to evaluate these properties is based on a random walk process in which the diffusion of imaginary particles is considered. In addition, the connectivities of three phases, i.e., the Ni, YSZ and pore phases are also analyzed. The relationships among these properties and their effects on transport phenomena in a porous anode are discussed. It is revealed that the low connectivity and complex microstructural configuration of the porous anode result in large tortuosities in the Ni and YSZ phases, respectively.


Home sleep studies are potentially a cost-effective way of diagnosing paediatric sleep disordered breathing (SDB). The majority however, do not include CO2 measurement. We hypothesized that CO2 data does not change management in healthy children with SDB, unlike in those with comorbid conditions, when added to cardio-respiratory polygraphy. Retrospective analysis of two years data on children who underwent a first CRPoly and transcutaneous CO2 study. Age, gender, underlying disease and SDB symptoms were recorded. Management recommendations were first made blinded to CO2 data, then after considering transcutaneous CO2. Mean CO2 was abnormal if>6.5kPa. There were 513 patients, 311 (61%) male, median age 4.5 years (IQR 2.3-7.9). 13/513 were on overnight oxygen (O2), 1/513 on Continuous Positive Pressure (CPAP) and O2, 1/513 on non-invasive ventilation (NIV). 130/513 were healthy with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) symptoms. 383/513 had co-morbidities (138 upper-airway, 79 lower-airway, 48 heart disease, 112 neurological syndromes, 6 obesity), 189/383 had OSA symptoms. 107/130 otherwise healthy patients had SDB; CO2 data did not change management. Conversely, either high mean levels (17/20) or raised CO2 in REM sleep (3/20), changed management in 20/383 (5%) patients with co-morbidities; in 16/20, CPAP or NIV was started. Overnight CO2 monitoring is not necessary for the diagnosis of SDB in healthy children, but is crucial in those with co-morbidities.


The multi-duties mechanism is the prominent merit which the modern operating system has. Through the analysis of real-time operating system (RTOS) core mechanism and its characteristic, it introduces the single-chip microcomputer development system, carries on using the severance of the duty cut, may effectively improve the procedure structure and satisfy the needs of the complex system.


Based on the classification and analysis of the problems existing in the distribution and administration of the research project outlay in colleges and universities in China,this paper sets out to present five countermeasures to the orientation of the above mentioned administration as follows: 1.Giving full play to the orientation of the consensus.2.Perfecting the administration of the research project outlay.3.Improving the contract system of the research project administration.4.Nailing down the responsibility of the project principal.5.Enhancing the contact and communication between the administration,the financial section and the project principals.


Dr. Smith is getting close to retirement. I can tell this without ever having met him. I don't remember seeing him when I worked in this clinic before; maybe he was away then, too, and had some other locum filling in. One of the patients mentions that Dr. Smith will be retiring soon, but I would have guessed it from the fact that so many of his patients are old. All of those in hospital are over 70, and one is over 80. They've probably been coming to him for 30 years. People that age seldom change doctors. The other clue is the office. It's a mess. The drawers are jammed full of papers, most of them years old. There are no new books on the shelves, no colour atlases of dermatology, no zippy paperbacks on geriatric assessment or family counselling or new management strategies for high cholesterol. In short, there is none of the sort of thing you find in the offices of youngish doctors who still want to learn. There's an obstetrics text, but it's 20 years old. The only other book about having babies is the 1944 edition of Childbirth Without Fear. There's nothing on pediatrics. But there are a lot of drug-company throwaways. I stare glumly at the shelves. Perhaps it's all a sign of an incredibly experienced, talented doctor who committed everything to memory years ago. He must be caring for his patients so much better than I could, judging from the way I always have to go and look things up. Yet somehow I don't think so. It bothers me that he doesn't have any framed diplomas on his wall. He doesn't have anything on the walls, other than faded posters here and there. The big fat binder mailed out 2 years ago from the Cancer Control Agency is still in its plastic wrapper along with the treatment manual. Then there's the tell-tale sign of the doctor who has given up: lots of drug addicts. His notes are very poor, but there are occasional pitiful comments about how the patient is "trying to cut down her use" of acetaminophen and codeine and how they "will see about reducing these drugs." There is no evidence on the charts that any patient has actually cut down on codeine or any other addictive drug. There's certainly no evidence from the patients themselves. On the very first morning I find myself prescribing over 450 tablets to the various addicts who want refills for a month, or 2, or 3. Some tell the usual lies about pills being stolen or lost. One claims his girlfriend has set fire to their apartment and burned up his pills. He is leaving that day for the detox centre and wants enough to last 2 months. He comes back 3 days later, not having left for detox, and with another story. All of these patients have been taking 20 or 30 or 50 tablets containing 30 mg of codeine every week for months or years — usually as far as the charts go back. The young ones are obviously passing this doctor's name around and are probably selling their pills to the more pathetic patients, who are still on 15 tablets a day. Dr. Smith has made a brave note in one chart to the effect that the patient has agreed to cut down by 3 pills every 2 days. This patient tells me she feels bad. I explain that she is experiencing withdrawal symptoms and give her enough pills for the weekend. Most of them claim to be having migraines. I make a stab at describing the difference between migraines, chronic daily headache and analgesia-induced headache. They switch to describing chronic back pain. After a week of this I simply record the facts: "Patient is addicted to codeine and lorazepam." Then I write down the number of pills I've prescribed. A locum can't set about detoxifying people with addictions in the 10 minutes allowed for each visit, and I certainly wouldn't get any points for throwing them out of the ofExperience


Finite element models were developed to simulate the stress history during an entire gallium nitride lateral epitaxial overgrowth process, from seed layer deposition on a substrate to GaN overgrowth above an SiO2 mask at 1100 °C and then cooldown to 20 °C. Lattice and thermal expansion mismatches between GaN and sapphire were considered simultaneously. Shearing stresses on a series of crystal planes were transiently analyzed. Based on the computational results, it is possible to predict the locations of high-density dislocations and when they develop, as well as Burgers vectors, dislocation types and their directions.


We consider 1-D Laplace operator with short range potential W (x) and prove the Bernstein inequality for this perturbed Laplacian. It is shown that non resonance assumption at zero and sufficiently fast decay of the potential at infinity guarantee that the Hamiltonian obeys the Bernstein inequality.


Correlation functions in a dynamic quartic matrix model are obtained from the two-point function through a recurrence relation. This paper gives the explicit solution of the recurrence by mapping it bijectively to a two-fold nested combinatorial structure each counted by Catalan numbers. These 'nested Catalan tables' have a description as diagrams of noncrossing chords and threads.


This paper presented a service disaster tolerance system.This system could offer real-time off-site backup for local server application data,for IP-based application,could achieve service disaster tolerance.The system monitorsed the local server disk volumes in real-time,and replayed the data changes,which were monitored,on remote disaster recovery center to ensure the application data security.This system provided several disaster recovery strategy to restore application data quickly.The same time,it could timely detect the failure of local server by offering failure detection,and switched the service from local server to remote standby server in a relatively short period of time once the local server failure was be detected,ensuring the service continuity.


The present paper introduces a technology-enhanced teaching method that promotes deep learning.
Four stages that correspond to four different student cohorts were used for its development and to analyse
its effectiveness. The effectiveness of the method has been assessed in terms of examination results as well as
results obtained from class response system software statistics. The evidence gathered indicates that the method
developed is very effective and its implementation is straightforward. Furthermore, its success in achieving
results seems to be independent of the skills and/or experience of the lecturer.


Excerpt A doctor's examination room furnished with a small desk, chair, and treatment table. Ms. EARTHis seated on the table swinging her legs. Buzzing quietly on the north wall is aFLY.TheDOCTORen...


In this paper, the application background of ordinary concrete is introduced first, and our purpose is to research the advantages of dry-mixing self-compacting concrete relative to ordinary concrete. Some studies on mechanical properties, working performance and durability of dry-mixing self-compacting concrete are brought into this paper. The results shows that the application of dry-mixing self-compacting concrete produced economic and social effects.


Presently, a preferred minimization for strong‐constraint four‐dimensional variational (4D‐Var) assimilation uses a Lanczos‐based conjugate gradient (CG) algorithm. This requires the availability of a square‐root of the background‐error covariance matrix (B). In the context of weak‐constraint 4D‐Var, this requirement might be too restrictive for the formulations of the model error term. It might therefore be desirable to avoid a square‐root decomposition of the augmented background term. An appealing minimization scheme is the double CG minimization employed, for example, in the grid‐point statistical interpolation (GSI) analysis. Realizing the double CG algorithm is a special case of the more general bi‐conjugate gradient (BiCG) method for solving non‐symmetric problems, the present work introduces a Lanczos‐based preconditioning strategy when B, instead of its square‐root, is used initially. Implementation of the scheme is done in the context of the GSI analysis system, and preliminary experiments are presented using its 3D‐Var version. Comparison of the Lanczos‐based CG and the BiCG shows that the algorithms converge at the same rate and to the same solution. Despite the additional computational cost, the importance of the re‐orthogonalization step is also shown to be fundamental to any of these CG algorithms. Furthermore, when using the Hessian eigenvectors for preconditioning, the BiCG behaviour is shown to be comparable to that of the Lanczos‐CG algorithm. Both schemes construct the same approximation of the Hessian with the same number of eigenvectors, and benefit in the same way from the reduction of the condition number. The efficiency, computational cost, and stability of the three algorithms are discussed. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society


Individual silver kob Argyrosomus inodorus (Griffiths and Heemstra) first mature at just over 1 yr of age and the median age at maturity is approximately 1.5 yr. Spawning of silver kob was observed in the southern and central region of the stock's range, but little spawning activity was found in silver kob sampled from the northern region. The spawning period is protracted over 6 months (October–March), which coincides with warmer water temperatures (>15 °C) and the occurrence of large-sized spawning silver kob in the southern and central part of Namibia. Implementing a minimum size limit for the silver kob fishery is not recommended as it will have serious economic implications for the coastal communities. The protection of the spawning areas, Meob Bay and Sandwich, should be continued and a strict bag limit on large-sized silver kob is recommended for the Namibian silver kob recreational fishery.


Objective: To investigate the in vitro, Antioxidant and Antiinflammatory activity of the proteins isolated from Muntingia Calabura plant root. Methods: Proteins of the extract was isolated by Ammonium sulphate protein precipitate method. In vitro antioxidant studies were carried out for the Muntingia Calabura root proteins using superoxide radical scavenging method and anti-inflammatory studies was done using membrane stabilization assay were performed for Muntingia Calabura root proteins. Results: The superoxide radical scavenging ability of the proteins was compared with standard antioxidant like BHA and Ascorbic acid at a maximum dosage of 8μg, where Muntingia Calabura root protein showed a maximum inhibition of 71% and BHA and Ascorbic showed 65 and 60% respectively. The anti-inflammatory activity of Muntingia Calabura root proteins were compared with the standard drug Diclofenac sodium, where at a World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research SJIF Impact Factor 5.990 Volume 4, Issue 10, 2766-2773. Research Article ISSN 2277– 7105 Article Received on 16 Aug 2015, Revised on 06 Sep 2015, Accepted on 27 Sep 2015


This paper deals with the development of a geometry optimization approach to determine the optimal shape of a fixed-bed reactor where a catalytic surface reaction takes place. The investigated problem is formulated as a multi-objective optimization problem considering two antagonistic objectives: the energy dissipation in the fluid and the average concentration of reactant at the reactor outlet. The optimal solutions are subject to four constraints: (i) the process model consisting of the NavierStokes, the continuity and the convection-diffusion equations, (ii) an iso-volume constraint and (iii) two thickness constraints which allow us to take into account the manufacturability of the optimal reactors. The solution of the optimization problem is computed using the adjoint system method and the linear scalarization method which tranforms the multi-objective problem into a single-objective problem. The solution of the problem is a whole set of solutions (i.e. Pareto front) and the best optimal solution is chosen using the multi-attribute utility theory (MAUT). The best optimal shape of the reactor leads to a significant improvement of the conversion rate of 12.6% with respect to the initial shape and to an increase in energy dissipation 3.5 times higher.


The world is rapidly passing on knowledge and information to development of IT. If we cannot activity make use of IT, which is good tool enabling expansion of human convenience, the convenience cannot help continuously decreasing. This study is purposed of establishing growth direction of church by newly consideration the matter how to have internal and external relationship with the people living with Ubiquitous computing paradigm. Therefore, this paper presents direction each field of development model for service practicing of church with Smartphone.


The first part of this report contains the formulation of a scheme for the numerical calculation of spherical reactors to plus regions in the approximation to two groups which is included in the category of the matrical scheme adopted in the calculation of criticality, In the second part is described the program for an arithmetical calculation which is obtained from the scheme proposed in the first part. (tr-auth)


This is not a book with any substantial quantity or quality of text. It is composed almost entirely of black and white plates (many poor) with brief captions. The plates were taken by the author. They are grouped into various headings: basic landscape types, structural background, slope development, river action, large bodies of water, niveal features, desert features and related phenomena, volcanic landscapes. At a time of financial stringency it is probable that only copyright libraries will wish to take this volume. Some of the pictures are terrible and some have almost zero geomorphological content. Devotees of pictures of coins, little boys, lens caps, gravel particles, aircraft and trees may find something to divert them. The book should not be bought by those tempted by the title of the book and the name of the author, both of which are appealing and misleading.


Purpose: We compared recipients' ureteral complications after hand-assisted laparoscopic donor nephrectomy (HALDN) and open donor nephrectomy (ODN). Materials and Methods: Between January 1999 and September 2006, a total of 166 transplantaions were underwent via a HALDN or ODN. Kidney transplantation was performed in a standard fashion and ureteroneocystostomy was done by extravesical Lich-Gregoir method. We retrospecitvely compared 2 groups with regard to ureteral complications and functional recovery of transplanted kidney. Results: Twenty-six right kidneys (26/88) were transplanted in HALDN and 20 right kidneys (20/78) were done in ODN. 18 multiple arteries were found in HALDN and 13 in ODN. The mean ischemic time of HALDN and ODN was 270 and 290 seconds. If short length of ureter or anastomosis site swelling was found, ureteral catheter was inserted to ureter of recipient (HALDN: 12, ODN: 3). Four ureteral complications were happened in HALDN group; five in ODN group. In HALDN, two ureteral leakages, one ureteral stricture and one ureteral leakage with anastomosis site narrowing were developed. In ODN, one vesicoureteral reflux, three ureteral leakages and one ureteral stricture were developed. Laterality and multiple renal arteries were not related with ureteral complications. Only ureteral stent insertion reduced ureteral complications (p<0.05). Acute rejection in 1 year were 6 patients in HALDN and 4 patients in ODN. In HALDN, 1-year patient and graft survival was 98.9% (87/88) and 95.5% (84/88); In ODN 100% (78/78) and 98.7% (77/78). Conclusions: In comparison with ODN, HALDN combined with the extravesical ureteral implantation technique provides similar graft outcomes with low ureteral complication rate. These results suggest that HALDN is safe and effective comparable recipient surgical outcomes. (Korean J Urol 2009;50:256-260) 󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏


The hardware development portion of the Cassini Radar task is complete. The flight model Digital Assembly and Energy Storage Assembly have been integrated and tested, as has the engineering/qualification model Radio Frequency Electronics Assembly. Integration of the flight model Radio Frequency Electronics Assembly is ready to begin. The intent of this paper is to describe some of the more interesting technologies implemented in the electronics to achieve the requirements of the Cassini Radar experiment.


In this paper we present an approach towards knowledgeacquisition of process knowledge for the natural sciences.The work has been conducted within Project Halo, whichis creating advanced knowledge authoring and questionanswering systems for the natural sciences. An analysis of AP®-level questions for Biology, Chemistry and Physicsuncovered that process knowledge is the single most frequenttype of knowledge required. Thus, we developedmeans to acquire process knowledge, to formally representit, and to reason about it in order to answer novel questionsabout the domains.All these tasks are supported by an abstract process metamodel.It provides the terminology for user-tailored processdiagrams, which are automatically translated into executableFLogic code. The meta-model and the code generationare based on the notion of Problem Solving Methods(PSM) which represent an abstract formalization of thereasoning strategies needed for processes.


A reflective cell-array antenna having a miniaturised structure is disclosed. The disclosed antenna comprises: a feed radiator that is fed with and radiates an RF signal; a cell-array that is spaced apart, at an arbitrary distance, from the feed radiator and in which a plurality of unit cells are arrayed; and further comprises a control unit that controls the capacitance or inductance of a variable reactive element, wherein variable reactive elements are coupled to one or more cells of the unit cells. According to the disclosed antenna, a reflective cell-array antenna having a miniaturised structure can be designed to be usable in a low frequency band.


Given the global challenges Russia is facing, it is of key importance not only to accelerate the process of imports substitution, but to underpin it with a new technological basis. To achieve this all resources available should be concentrated on strategically important directions and it should be supported by a parallel economic breakthrough in interrelated areas of cooperation. A prompt introduction of a full-fledged system of strategic planning based on the historic heritage of the USSR Planning Committee, as well as its foreign modifications can be viewed as the only way to carry out this maneuver successfully.


The high molecular weight glutenin subunits(HMW-GS) and their combinations in the F8 population of recombinant inbred lines were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE) consisting of 468 lines from the cross between the wheat cultivars Weimai 8 and Jimai 20.The results showed that 12 kinds of allelic variations of HMW-GS encoded by Glu-1 locus were detected,including 2,5 and 5 in Glu-A1,Glu-B1 and Glu-D1 respectively.Totally twenty-three combinations were detected,of which,2 were uniform with the two parents and 21 were new types.In addition,the distribution frequency of different HMW glutenin subunits and their combinations were evidently different in the RIL population.


"Cardiac asthma" is usually thought of as representing left ventricular failure. That chronic pulmonary disease may be a factor is well recognized. The author brings into this the effects of allergy and considers cardiac asthma to be a complex involving these several factors in its cause.


Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of moxibustion in treating AIDS-related diarrhea of spleen qi deficiency type. Methods Eighty-eight patients meeting the diagnosis criteria for AIDS diarrhea of spleen qi deficiency type were recruited and randomly allocated by administrative village population sampling to a moxibustion group (41 cases) and a Chinese herbal medicine group (47 cases). Treatment was provided one month as a course for two consecutive courses. Observation lasted four months after the end of treatment. Results Of the moxibustion group, cure occurred in 0 case, marked efficacy in 20 cases, improvement in 18 cases and inefficacy in 3 cases, with an efficacy rate of 92.7%. Of the Chinese herbal medicine group, cure occurred in 6 cases, marked efficacy in 20 cases, improvement in 14 cases and inefficacy in 7 cases, with an efficacy rate of 92.7%. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P0.05). Conclusion Moxibustion and Shenling Baishu Wan have an exact therapeutic effect on AIDS diarrhea of spleen qi deficiency type, can improve AIDS patients' quality of life and is of good safety.


An analytical expression for the prompt time response is compared with available data of prompt cures using surface-barrier detectors, yielding a relation for T¿ = 0.33 ¿1/¿n = 0.40 ¿2 ¿n/N where ¿1, ¿2 rise and decay times of single-electron response, n/N is the optimum value at minimum time resolution. A preliminary method is proposed for computing the plasma time in these detectors.


Inhomogeneities can increase localized stress and cause microstructural alterations to initiate fatigue failures in rolling elements under cyclic contact loading. To study the stress disturbances created by the inhomogeneity, a two-dimensional contact stress analysis is presented for a cylindrical indenter sliding on an elastic half-space containing an inhomogeneity of arbitrary shape. The boundary element method is used to analyze the contact problem, where actual contact boundary, contact pressure as well as tractions and displacements at inhomogeneity–substrate interface are determined by solving a set of integral equations numerically. Numerical results are presented to investigate effects and the stress disturbances caused by the inhomogeneity with various locations, sizes and material properties of inhomogeneity. The results also show that hard inclusions are more detrimental than soft deformable particles in rolling contact elements. 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


This paper presents a characterization of broadband user behavior from an Internet Service Provider standpoint. Users are broken into two major categories: residential and Small-Office/Home-Office (SOHO). For each user category, the characterization is performed along four criteria: (i) session arrival process, (ii) session duration, (iii) number of bytes transferred within a session and (iv) user request patterns.Our results show that both residential and SOHO session inter-arrival times are exponentially distributed. Whereas residential session arrival rates remain relatively high during the day, SOHO session arrival rates vary much more significantly during the day. On the other hand, a typical SOHO user session is longer and transfers a larger volume of data. Furthermore, our analysis uncovers two main groups of session request patterns within each user category. The first group consists of user sessions that use traditional Internet services, such as e-mail, instant messenger and, mostly, www services. On the other hand, sessions from the second group, a smaller group, use typically peer-to-peer file sharing applications, remain active for longer periods and transfer a large amount of data. Looking further into the e-business services most commonly accessed, we found that subscription-based and advertising services account for the vast majority of user HTTP requests in both residential and SOHO workloads. Understanding these user behavior patterns is important to the development of more efficient applications for broadband users.


Electromagnetic scattering of guided modes in a dielectric slab waveguide caused by an arbitrarily shaped broken end is analyzed theoretically by using the integral equation method. By solving the integral equations iteratively, the tangential components of the electric and magnetic fields on the broken end surface are determined, from which the reflected mode power, the radiation wave power and field patterns, and the total scattered power are obtained. Numerical results are presented for the plane-perpendicular, plane-tilted, and arc-shaped end surfaces. Both TE and TM modes are assumed as an incident wave.


The invention electric as the polymer film to detect the humidity and a copolymer of an epoxy monomer, an epoxy polymer, or a comonomer having at least one epoxy group-containing ammonium salt to a sense seupmak using a characteristic that the impedance is changed according to the humidity in the air resistive polymer film relates to a humidity sensor. Polymer film humidity sensors according to the present invention, a sense seupmak (1), the magnetic sensitive seupmak 1 and the electrode snap 3 and the outside of the electrode to the electrode to maintain electrical contact (2), fixing the electrode (2) in the polymer film humidity sensor including a terminal 4 to connect with the sense seupmak (1) is the comonomer of an epoxy monomer or a polymer obtained by homopolymerization as it comprises an ammonium salt having at least one epoxy group, and copolymerizing and it characterized in that formed. Thus, according to the present invention, the water resistance and environmental resistance excellent, which is effective to provide long-term stable, highly reliable humidity sensor with excellent change with time, and a humidifier or dehumidifier, such as the machines and devices which require the measurement of humidity it is effective to provide a moisture sensor which can suitably be used as a humidity sensor.


Abstract Level descriptors are developed and applied by many educators, for example, in mark schemes and Credit Accumulation and Transfer Schemes. Level descriptors can be helpful for informing students about what they need to do to achieve different levels of achievement. But what are the best methods of developing level descriptors and ensuring that educators and students have a shared understanding of the level descriptors? It is concluded that level descriptors are preferably written from empirical evidence, to describe the achievement of average students at each level and to exemplify rather than define performance. Additionally, a shared understanding of the level descriptors and, in some cases, consistent application of the level descriptors might be facilitated by developing a community of practice where level descriptors are discussed in relation to students' work and associated decisions, e.g., assessment decisions.


Tumors and healthy tissues exhibit gene expression variability in many of the same pathways. We propose that these commonalities result from a performance trade-off between universal cellular phenotypes; each phenotype is defined by an orthogonal gene expression profile identified using unsupervised dimensionality reduction. Using two publicly available RNA-seq datasets (n=54 normal tissues; n=1504 cancer cell lines), we show that both healthy and cancerous cells occupy a trade-off between five canonical phenotypes: OxPhos, Warburg, Fibroblastic, Immune, and Growth. Each cell is assigned a phenotype score that, as we demonstrate, predicts differential drug sensitivities and mutational signatures, even among cancers of the same tissue type. Since these phenotype scores are defined using only healthy tissues, they can be generally applied to other diseases as well.
 Citation Format: Corey Weistuch, Kevin Murgas, Ken Dill, Larry Norton, Joseph Deasy, Allen Tannenbaum. A universal atlas of cellular and oncogenic phenotypes [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 6591.


Background: Previous research suggests that the early benefit from revascularization with drug-eluting stents might diminish over time. Methods: We performed an extended analysis of a previously identified cohort of 6440 patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention between April 1, 2003 and March 31, 2005 using a prospective provincial clinical registry in Alberta, Canada. We compared rates of death, and of death or repeat revascularization among the 6440 patients receiving either drug-eluting (sirolimus- and paclitaxel) stents or bare-metal stents. We determined risk-adjusted hazard ratios at moments in time with a spline analysis using Cox proportional hazards modelling.


Abstract For more than three decades, Ionis Pharmaceutics has pursued the challenging mission of creating a new platform for drug discovery. To overcome the numerous challenges faced required the integration of innovation across many scientific areas, despite many disappointments and failures. The approaches implemented to create and maintain a scientific environment to achieve the mission demanded the rigorous practice of science over three decades. The approaches taken are discussed in this perspective.


We construct a template to model the post-merger phase of a binary black hole coalescence in the presence of a remnant U (1) charge. We include the quasi-normal modes typically dominant during a binary black hole coalescence, ( (cid:96), m, n ) = { (2 , 2 , 0) , (2 , 2 , 1) } and also present analytical fits for the quasinormal mode frequencies of a Kerr-Newman black hole in terms of its spin and charge, here also including the (3 , 3 , 0) mode. Aside from astrophysical electric charge, our template can accommodate extensions of the Standard Model, such as a dark photon. Applying the model to LIGO-Virgo detections, we find that we are unable to distinguish between the charged and uncharged hypotheses from a purely post-merger analysis of the current events. However, restricting the mass and spin to values compatible with the analysis of the full signal, we obtain a 90th percentile bound ¯ q < 0 . 33 on the black hole charge-to-mass ratio, for the most favorable case of GW150914. Under similar assumptions, by simulating a typical loud signal observed by the LIGO-Virgo network at its design sensitivity, we assess that this model can provide a robust measurement of the charge-to-mass ratio only for values ¯ q (cid:38) 0 . 5; here we also assume that the mode amplitudes are similar to the uncharged case in creating our simulated signal. Lower values, down to ¯ q ∼ 0 . 3, could instead be detected when evaluating the consistency of the pre-merger and post-merger emission.


The amount of perishable products transported via the existing intermodal freight networks has significantly increased over the last years. Perishable products tend to decay due to a wide range of external factors. Supply chain operations mismanagement causes waste of substantial volumes of perishable products every year. The heretofore proposed mathematical models optimize certain supply chain processes and reduce decay of perishable products, but primarily deal with local production, inventory, distribution, and retailing of perishable products. However, significant quantities of perishable products are delivered from different continents, which shall increase the total transportation time and decay potential of perishable products as compared to local deliveries. This paper proposes a novel optimization model to design the intermodal freight network for both local and long-haul deliveries of perishable products. The objective of the model aims to minimize the total cost associated with transportation and decay of perishable products. A set of piecewise approximations are applied to linearize the non-linear decay function for each perishable product type. CPLEX is used to solve the problem. Comprehensive numerical experiments are conducted using the intermodal freight network for import of the seafood perishable products to the United States to draw important managerial insights. Results demonstrate that increasing product decay cost may significantly change the design of intermodal freight network for transport of perishable products, cause modal shifts and affect the total transportation time and associated costs.


Changes of total and low cloud fraction and the occurrence of different cloud types over Russia were assessed. The analysis was based on visual observations from more than 1600 meteorological stations. Differences between the 2001–10 and 1991–2000 year ranges were evaluated. In general, cloud fraction has tended to increase during recent years. A major increase of total cloud fraction and a decrease of the number of days without clouds are revealed in spring and autumn mostly due to an increase of the occurrence of convective and non-precipitating stratiform clouds. In contrast, the occurrence of nimbostratus clouds has tended to decrease. In general, the ratio between the occurrence of cumulonimbus and nimbostratus clouds has increased for the period 2001–10 relative to 1991–2000. Over particular regions, a decrease of total cloud fraction and an increase of the number of days without clouds are noted.


As ecosystem-based adaptation to global change is gaining ground, conservation and restoration of tidal wetlands and marshes is starting to be implemented in addition to conventional coastal defence structures to protect coastal and estuarine areas from increasing flood hazards (Temmerman et al., 2013). In this study, the capacity of tidal wetlands to locally attenuate peak water levels during storm tides is analysed using a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model (TELEMAC2D) for 'Het Verdronken Land van Saeftinghe', a 3000 ha intertidal marsh in the Netherlands. The effect of marsh vegetation on tidal flow is implemented in the model by increased bottom friction. The model reproduces observed water level variations by Stark et al. (2015) reasonably well along a 4 km marsh channel transect. Scenario analyses are performed to study the effect of marsh geometry (i.e., platform and channel elevation) and marsh size (i.e., the position of the levees surrounding the marsh).


We present the results from a sensitive X-ray survey of 26 nearby hydrogen-poor superluminous supernovae (SLSNe-I) with Swift, Chandra, and XMM. This data set constrains the SLSN evolution from a few days until ∼2000 days after explosion, reaching a luminosity limit Lx ∼ 1040 erg s−1 and revealing the presence of significant X-ray emission possibly associated with PTF 12dam. No SLSN-I is detected above , suggesting that the luminous X-ray emission Lx ∼ 1045 erg s−1 associated with SCP 60F6 is not common among SLSNe-I. We constrain the presence of off-axis gamma-ray burst (GRB) jets, ionization breakouts from magnetar engines and the density in the sub-parsec environments of SLSNe-I through inverse Compton emission. The deepest limits rule out the weakest uncollimated GRB outflows, suggesting that if the similarity of SLSNe-I with GRB/SNe extends to their fastest ejecta, then SLSNe-I are either powered by energetic jets pointed far away from our line of sight (θ > 30°), or harbor failed jets that do not successfully break through the stellar envelope. Furthermore, if a magnetar central engine is responsible for the exceptional luminosity of SLSNe-I, our X-ray analysis favors large magnetic fields G and ejecta masses , in agreement with optical/UV studies. Finally, we constrain the pre-explosion mass-loss rate of stellar progenitors of SLSNe-I. For PTF 12dam we infer , suggesting that the SN shock interaction with an extended circumstellar medium is unlikely to supply the main source of energy powering the optical transient and that some SLSN-I progenitors end their lives as compact stars surrounded by a low-density medium similar to long GRBs and type Ib/c SNe.


2015 did not bring any breakthrough in the Polish-Belarusian relations; the dominating aspects were the interactions between the two countries at the regional level. Although there are some unsolved issues of the Union of Poles in Belarus and the small border traffic, a return to normal neighborly relations seems all the more probable due to the improvement of relations between Belarus and the European Union as a whole. In 2015 the Belarusian President ordered the release of all people recognized by the EU as political prisoners, which was the main condition of returning to the dialogue between Brussels and Minsk. In response to this step and to calm presidential elections the EU decided to suspend the sanctions in October last year, and to remove them altogether on February 15, 2016. As a result, Poland and Belarus have a chance for a greater potential to use their neighborhood and joint historical heritage for the development of tourism and economy. Trends: • Gradual development of relations between the Polish and Belarusian regions focused on economic cooperation, historical and cultural dialogue; • The lack of progress in bilateral relations, connected with activities of the Union of Poles in Belarus or implementation of the agreement on small border traffic; • Decrease in trade turnover between the two countries in comparison with the previous years; • Increase in chances of expansion of bilateral cooperation, thanks to the development of relations between the EU and Belarus.


In recent years, as a result of the development of internet technology, increasing the computing power of computers and storing millions of data with cloud computing, artificial intelligence studies have been increasing rapidly. Artificial intelligence studies in many fields such as medicine, engineering, health, defense, trade and security come up with solutions that make our lives easier. Finding solutions with artificial intelligence systems on the data obtained in the field of law is a new concept. Evaluation of legal data with artificial intelligence should be considered as more transactions in less time and automation of routine transactions. This study examines the current status and development of artificial intelligence technology in the legal field. In addition, it is aimed to contribute to the development of this area by making predictions for future studies.


To cite this article: Seitz CS, Bröcker E‐B, Trautmann A. Diagnosis of drug hypersensitivity in children and adolescents: Discrepancy between physician‐based assessment and results of testing. Pediatric Allergy Immunology 2011; 22: 405–410.


This invention relates to an improved flavoring com position particularly adapted for use in chewing gum and to a process for preparing the same. More par ticularly it relates to a chewing gum having a flavor which is controllably released over an extended period of time and to a process for preparing the same. Chewing gum may comprise a substantially water in soluble, chewable, plastic gum base such as chicle, or substitutes therefor, including jelutong, guttakay, rubber, or certain comestible natural or synthetic resins or waxes. Incorporated with the gum base, and in intimate ad mixture therewith, may be plasticizers or softening agents, e.g. glycerine; volatile, water-immiscible flavoring agents e.g. oil of wintergreen, oil of spearmint, oil of pepper mint, licorice, fruit flavors, spice oils, etc.; or sweetening agents which may be sugars including sucrose or dex trose and/or they may be artificial sweeteners such as cyclamates or saccharin. Other optional ingredients may also be present. It is found that when most flavored chewing gums, such as slab gums, are chewed, the initial perception of flavor appears after a minute or more at a low level, and after three or four minutes of chewing, the flavor intensity drops to an uninteresting low level. It is also found upon analysis that gum chewed for as long as 30 minutes may ultimately retain as much as 60% of the flavor initially present, and that this proportion of the flavoring agent is thus not effectively used. It is an object of this invention to provide a flavoring composition, particularly adapted for use in chewing gum, which composition is characterized by an extended period of controlled flavor release. A second object of this invention is to increase the total amount of flavor re leased during the chewing period of gums containing the herein described flavoring composition. Other ob jects of this invention will be apparent to those skilled in-the-art from the following detailed description of the invention. . . It has now been discovered that it is possible to ob tain a flavoring composition, particularly adapted for use in chewing gum which permits attainment of a prod uct characterized by extended flavor perception time, true flavor character, and release of a large proportion of flavoring agent. This flavoring composition comprises finely divided particles of a dried hardened gelatin emul sion containing discrete micro-droplets of a volatile, water immiscible flavoring agent. Preparation of the flavoring composition of this invention may be effected by en capsulating discrete micro-droplets of volatile, water-im miscible flavoring agent within finely divided particles of a dried emulsion of hardened gelatin. Unhardened gelatins which, when hardened, may be employed in this invention include any of the edible grades of gelatin typified by those obtained from e.g. tanner's stock, ossein, pigskin, etc. The Bloom of the unhardened gelatin may vary widely, but it is preferred to use gelatins having a low Bloom of 20 to 80, pref 5


IT is neither possible nor necessary to enter here upon the story of the execution of the terms of the Treaty of Berlin. It will be remembered that almost every clause of the Balkan settlement caused endless difficulty and dangerous friction between the Great Powers. Russia was profoundly disappointed and disgusted with the results obtained and made no secret of her feelings. A good deal can no doubt be said for the ideals represented by the " Pan-slav " movement in Russia at this time, yet it would be difficult to defend the obstinate and sulky attitude of the Russian government towards the effectual execution of the terms it had accepted. The keen eye of Bismarck soon took in the situation, and as early as March, I879, he spoke very pessimistically of the future to General Chanzy, who was passing through Berlin on his way to assume the position of French ambassador at St. Petersburg.' In the summer the situation became acute, when the Tsar wrote the now famous letter to his uncle, the Kaiser, in which he practically threatened reprisals if Germany continued to oppose the Russian claims. But Bismarck had still further grounds for apprehension. In September he learned, and from no less a person than Waddington himself, that Russia had in August sounded the Paris government in regard to a possible alliance, a suggestion which Waddington had declined to consider. According to further information received in Berlin, Russia had at the same time sounded the Italian government, which had shown itself much more receptive, and had refused the offer only after Beaconsfield had declared that its acceptance would mean war with England.2


Unstable bedrock landforms can be regarded as natural low resolution seismoscopes that have been in operation for time periods well beyond those of historical records. This class of landform includes unstable "unravelling" cliff faces, buttresses, pinnacles ("unstable outcrops"), and precariously-balanced rocks (PBRs). By virtue of the instability and prehistoric age of these landforms, they have the ability to provide information on non-exceedance of ground motions for long return periods (10 4 -10 5 years), and therefore have potential for testing probabilistic seismic hazard (PSH) models. A recent study carried out near the Yucca Mountain (YM) proposed high level nuclear waste repository in Nevada shows unstable outcrops to have survived 24-40kyrs of regional earthquakes. This is inconsistent with ground motion predictions from PSH models developed for YM a decade ago, but consistent with a newer and greatly simplified PSH model that incorporates the state-of-the-art next generation attenuation (NGA) models. A parallel study in the more humid New Zealand environment shows PBRs to generally be 10 3 -10 4 years old, considerably younger than their desert counterparts, and therefore more limiting as a criterion for testing long-return-period ground motions. In light of these results, future New Zealand-based efforts will focus on studying unstable outcrops near major active plate boundary faults (e.g. Alpine Fault), where relatively young landforms will have been subjected to multiple near-field earthquakes.


In order to more quickly and easily so that students learn early game development,a more comprehensive,user-friendly framework of the game are designed.For some parts of the J2SE base class to simplify migration to enhance the menu control,NPC design,AI design,intelligent people can make game development easier,more simple.


This project presented an investigation to carry out on basis to the need from incorporation of the model theoretical transcultural nursing of Madeleine Leininger is the new plan to have a really successful career of nursing of the university of Estatal Bolivar; the model that was selected for the group in charge of the curriculum redesign based on the context conditions. The importance of the investigation was incorporating the Leininger Model the formation from students to strengthen and to emerge from the care to cultural and to improve the image of the career. The type of studying is "exploratory" and the design the same was done by: literature review of sources indexed for knowledge of the model establishment of a methodology for the proposal based on eleven steps of the article called: "The nurse cross-cultural and the development of the competition Cultural" of the author Elizabeth Castrillon and the validation of the same thought a Committee of experts both national as international, using the Delphi technique, was obtained as a result very suitable categories and appropriate based on the criteria established for this purpose using the Delphi which were: structure general proposal, substantiation of the 11 steps, consistency between the different steps, consistent theoretical-practical, incorporating the cross-cultural, clarity of the proposal, feasibility of the proposal. A conclusion important is that the model can be capacity or instrumented under certain conditions.


This study presents the application of woven waste tires as slope reinforcement for preventing slope failure, reducing construction costs and minimizing environmental hazards associated with the increasingly large amount of waste tires in Indonesia. To this end, we performed laboratory experiments using five stripe distance variations of woven tires – i.e. 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 cm as ribs of a gabion wall. Five gabion wall samples sized 50 cm x 50 cm x 25 cm each were made. Each sample was fastened using one of these woven tires. A loading test was conducted on each gabion wall sample and the strength was determined from the maximum capacity before failure. The correlation between the gabion wall strength and strip distance – boulder diameter ratio was used to infer the most effective model. The result suggests that the strip distance – boulder diameter ratio of 0.4 is optimum with a corresponding strength value of 1718 kg.


We present a generalized path generation algorithm for a non-holonomic mobile manipulator built from an n joint manipulator mounted on a nonholonomic mobile platform. The manipulator end-eeector path is imposed by the task whereas the natural redundancy of the system is used to achieve a secondary task. We describe the algorithm which calculates the generalized coordinates for both the manipulator and the platform as a function of the operational coordinates of the end-eeector location (position and orientation). It is based on a norm minimization for a direct diierential kinematic model combined with a gradient descent method. Simulations were realized on a pla-nar mobile manipulator, made of a double-pendulum mounted on the platform.


In the big data era, web-based instruction should be a new normal of the teaching reform, the teaching of "Western Marxist Philosophy" is not an exception. It is the inevitable choice to adapt to the era development, the only road to promote the teaching innovation, the important source to enrich teaching contents and the realistic quest to strengthen and improve the ideological and propagating work in universities under the new situation. Multiple measures must be taken simultaneously to improve the effectiveness of the web-based instruction of "Western Marxist Philosophy". Increasing the input of funds is an important guarantee, the perfection of management mechanism is the powerful measure, the improvement of teaching level is the key line, and the cultivation of learning interest is the internal approach.


The heats of formation of NF 3 , NF 5 , NFO, NFO 2 , NF 3 O, N 2 F 2 , N 2 F 4 , N 3 F, NF 3 BF 3 , NFOBF 3 , NFO 2 BF 3 and NF 3 OBF 3 were calculated using atomization reaction (AR), formation reaction (FR) at the G3, G3(X) (X=B3, MP2 and MP2B3), B3LYP/CC-PVTZ and CBS-4M levels, and the thermodynamic functions of these compounds were calculated under G3 level. Results show that FR in conjunction with the G3 theory can accurately evaluate the heats of formation of these compounds. The results agree well with the experimental data, showing that G3 is suitable for calculating the thermodynamic functions of these compounds.


Six conjugated platinum(II) acetylides with multibranched donor-acceptor structures (1–6) were synthesized. The absorption maxima of triazine-centered complexes 1–3 are red-shifted by 36–43 nm compared with those of triphenylamine-centered complexes 4–6. The luminescence spectra of 4–6 in air-saturated chloroform showed one fluorescence peak and one phosphorescence peak. However, only one fluorescence peak was detected for 1–3 in air-saturated chloroform. The transient absorption spectra of the compounds indicate the effective intersystem crossing from S1 to T1. The nonlinear optical properties of 1–6 in N,N-dimethylformamide were studied using open Z-scan method. The results indicate that complexes 1 and 6 exhibit good nonlinear optical performance. The ratios of the effective nonlinear absorption cross section to ground-state absorption cross section σeff/σ0 of complexes 1–6 are in the range of 4–22.


Microfluidics is a rapidly evolving research area that has attracted the attention of scientists for the huge range of potential applications ranging from medicine to biodefense and drug administration. However to enable the realization of devices that employ droplet microfluidics, efficient and effective methods for encoding information in droplet flows should be identified. So far a number of techniques to encode data have been proposed, e.g., exploiting droplet size, droplet composition, absence or presence of droplets. The above-mentioned methods, however, suffer for the propagation delay inside the channel so that data reception is far from being instantaneous. In fact, a relevant delay can exist in real systems which can be sometimes even in the order of minutes. This occurrence greatly limits the amount of applications that can take advantage of information transmission through microfluidic channels. To try filling the above gap towards a real and prompt deployment of a microfluidic systems, in this paper we propose a novel methodology for encoding information using an instantaneous variation in the properties of a train of droplets flowing in a continuous phase. In particular, taking advantage of the stable, laminar flow of the droplets, we aim to encode data in the instantaneous change of droplet velocity induced by changing the input pressures of the discrete-continuous phases according to the data to be encoded in the source side. This approach opens new perspectives for information transmission in microfluidic systems, which could lead to new applications.


Next generation millimetre wave radars and pulsed electron spin resonance (ESR) instruments require complex pulse sequences consisting of very short, high power pulses that are pulse-to-pulse phase coherent. We have previously demonstrated 200 mW coherent pulses at 94 GHz with pulse lengths as short as 110 ps, and showed how they can be used to make high range resolution radar measurements. We now report results where a commercial extended interaction Klystron amplifier (EIKA) is used to amplify these pulses to kW power levels for use in advanced pulse ESR instrumentation. The instantaneous bandwidth of the EIKA now limits the minimum pulse length, but we demonstrate 1 kW peak power pulses down to 1.5 ns, dropping to 0.8 kW at Ins and 0.25 kW at 800 ps. We demonstrate that complex high power pulse sequences can be used in a mm-wave pulse ESR system, and also report on the level of broadband noise or "dark noise" from the amplifier (when there is no input signal), which can limit receiver sensitivity. We also detail the average power handling characteristics of various quasi-optical components.


A plasmonics group at University of Stuttgart discover optimal designs for nanoscale metallic structures that can enable sensitive detection or discrimination of chiral molecules.


Water-jet cavitation peening (WCP) is a new technology for the surface modification of metallic materials. The cavitation behavior in this process involves complex and changeable physics phenomena, such as high speed, high pressure, multiple phases, phase transition, turbulence, and unstable features. Thus, the cavitation behavior and impact-pressure distribution in WCP have always been key problems in this field. Numerous factors affect the occurrence of cavitation. These factors include flow-boundary conditions, absolute pressure, flow velocity, flow viscosity, surface tension, and so on. Among these factors, pressure and vapor fraction are the most significant. Numerical simulations are performed to determine the flow-field characteristics of both inside and outside the cavitating nozzle of a submerged water jet. The factors that influence the cavitation intensity of pressure are simulated. Fujifilm pressure-sensitive paper is used to measure the distribution of impact pressure along the jet direction during the WCP process. The results show that submerged cavitation jets can induce cavitation both inside and outside a conical nozzle and a convergent-divergent nozzle when the inlet pressure is 32 MPa. Moreover, the shock wave pressure induced by the collapse of the bubble group reaches up to 300 MPa.


In this paper an overview of the Australian labour market is presented together with a brief summary of the factors which have brought about significant change in the dynamics of the labour market. Despite the increased flexibility of the labour market there has still been a failure of labour supply to adjust to changing demand resulting in unemployment. It is argued that attempts to reduce flexibility will reduce efficiency and increase unemployment. Overview of the Labour Market In order to understand unemployment it is first necessary to understand the major changes in supply and demand in the labour market. I identified these in my address to last year's conference but it is worth summarising and updating given recent threats to labour market flexibility and employment. Table 1 shows the annualised rate (not compounded) of growth in employment over different intervals of time. Table 1: Employment Growth, annualised percentage change 1981-2001 1993-2003 1998-2003 Full-time Males 0.8 1.5 0.9 Full-time Females 2.5 2.2 1.8 Full-time Persons 1.2 1.4 1.3 Part-time Males 11.3 6.2 7.8 Part-time Females 5.7 4.4 4.7 Part-time Persons 6.8 4.9 5.5 Source: Labour Force, ABS Cat. No. 6203.0 The first column shows the annualised growth rate over the relatively long term, twenty years. In order to examine whether these growth trends were 'one-off' or continuing the remaining columns show the respective growth rates over the last ten and five years. Interestingly, it appears that the trends of the last two decades are fairly persistent with most recent growth rates similar to the longer term trends. By way of comparison the corresponding rate of growth in the adult population, which is approximately the growth in labour supply, was about 1.5 per cent.


Many environmental factors attack our skin continuously: Sun, wind, pollutants and tobacco which constitute the principle skin aggressors. Free radicals which are highly reactive chemical compounds, induce cellular and tissue injuries, and subsequently lead to aging. These free radicals are normally produced by cellular metabolism. They are represented by: OH°, RCOO°, NO° radicals and singlet oxygen. Free radicals are involved in cutaneous aging. Normally these radicals are neutralised by natural or human antiradical agents like superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase and others. Some pathologic situations (cancer, Alzheimer disease, Crohn's disease, atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus …) are characterized by an over production of these radicals where the natural defences become overwhelmed. Oral administration of exogenous substances like vitamin A, C, E, oligoelements Cu, Zn, Se, Mn decrease free radical harmful and deleterious effects. Nature has several means to fight against oxidative stress: polyphenols, flavonoides and lipids are antiradical substances of plant origin. The future belongs to understand natural antiradical mechanisms as well as the synthesis of new molecules which would be effective in prevention of harmful effects produced by these radicals.


Computer-aided drug design is an advanced field and direction of modern medicinal research.It is not only a theoretical subject,but also of much practicality,so it is necessary for the development of pharmaceutical specialty that the course of drug design experiment is offered for the undergraduate students.The exploration and practice on the course construction of drug design experiment were introduced in terms of the construction of experiment platform,teaching content and method,examination mode,and so on.


Abstract A specific, fast and sensitive LC-MS/MS assay was developed for the determination of finasteride in human plasma using betamethsone dipropionate as the internal standard (IS). The limit of quantification was 1.0 ng/ml and the method was linear in the range of 1.0–25.0 ng/ml. The retention times were 0.75 min for finasteride and 0.85 min for IS. Method intra-batch precision and accuracy ranged from 3.6 to 7.1%, and 96.6 to 103.9%, respectively. Inter-batch precision ranged from 2.5 to 3.4%, while Inter-batch accuracy ranged from 100.3 to 103.5%. The analytical method was applied to evaluate the pharmacokinetic and relative bioavailability of 2 different pharmaceutical formulations containing 1.0 mg of finasteride. This study evaluated 38 volunteers in a randomized, 2-period crossover study with 7 days washout period between doses. The geometric mean and respective 90% CI of finasteride test/reference percent ratios were 95.68% (91.2 – 104.6%) for Cmax, 97.5% (92.1 –103.3%) for AUC0-t and 98.1 (92.67−103.8) for AUC0-inf. Based on the 90% confidence interval of the individual ratios (test formulation/reference formulation) for Cmax and AUC0-inf, it was concluded that the test formulation is bioequivalent to the reference one with respect to the rate and extent of absorption of finasteride.


This paper proposes a robotic cane that helps users to stand and maintain their balance while standing and walking. The design is based on an inverted pendulum model, uses a smart omnidirectional wheel, and is linearized by the Lie algebra method (LAM) combined with a nonlinear disturbance observer that estimates the external force applied by the user. The hardware and mathematical model of the robotic cane are analyzed in detail. The hardware design is complete, and considers the weight and battery capacity. The performance of the controller is confirmed in three-dimensional simulations and in physical experiments. The robotic cane tolerates a large fluctuation angle from its equilibrium point. It also has a fall prevention function, which is among the most desirable functions of any walking assistance device, and responds quickly to a human force. The balance maintenance functions are as follows: self-balance, standing and walking assistance, fall prevention, and a mechatronic safety mode. In experimental measurements of the cane in use, the gyroscope sensor insignificant vibrations on the user's bodies, verifying the effectiveness of the robotic cane in daily life activities. The performance of LAM is also compared with that of the linear quadratic regulator.