Disclosed is a method for detecting nucleic acid oligomer hybridization events, the steps of providing a modified surface, wherein the modification in the binding of a first nucleic acid component, namely in the connection is at least one kind of probe nucleic acid oligomers, providing a second nucleic acid component , namely, providing at least one type of signal nucleic acid oligomers, wherein the signal nucleic acid oligomers are modified with at least one detection label and the signal nucleic acid oligomers having one to the probe nucleic acid oligomers complementary or substantially complementary portion, providing a sample with target nucleic acid oligomers, contacting a defined quantity of the signal nucleic acid with the modified surface, contacting the sample and the contained target Nukleinsaureologomere with the modified includes en surface, detection of the signal nucleic acid and comparing the values obtained in the detection of the signal nucleic acid oligomers with reference values. According to the invention the two nucleic acid components of probe nucleic acid oligomers and signal nucleic acid oligomers having a different number of bases, the nucleic acid component with the greater number of bases includes at least one docking section and the docking section not to a portion of ...


The mutagenicities of particles in automobile exhaust gas emitted under different driving conditions, i.e. constant speed driving (20, 40, or 80 km/h) and variable speed driving according to a typical traffic pattern in Tokyo, were studied. The gasoline-engined automobile was run on a chassis dynamometer. Exhaust samples collected on glass fiber filters, which were extracted with benzene, and the extracts were tested by the Ames Salmonella assay. Strains TA 100 and TA 98 were used, with and without a metabolic activation system (S9 mix). The mutagenic activity per km driving increased with increase of the speed, and the particles produced by variable speed driving showed higher mutagenicity than those produced by constant speed driving.


A new visual method that is calibration-free augmented reality based on affine representation is formulated for urban planning, and the problems in the process of algorithm application, such as the location of virtual objects and occlusion in the augmented reality, are analyzed. As an image-based method, in addition to saving more time, it also presents more realistic and objective results than traditional graphics-based virtual reality. The typical application examples in this paper show that augmented reality is a better means for visual assessment and has a broad prospect in this field.


We tested the hypothesis of Malkin (2013), who recently demonstrated that the observed changes of Free Core Nutation parameters (phase, amplitude) occur near the epochs of geomagnetic jerks (rapid changes of the secular variations of geomagnetic field). We found that if the numerical integration of Brzezinski broad-band Liouville equations of atmospheric/oceanic excitations is re-initialized at the epochs of geomagnetic jerks, the agreement between the integrated and observed celestial pole offsets is improved (Vondrák & Ron 2014). Nevertheless, this approach assumes that the influence of geomagnetic jerks leads to a stepwise change in the position of celestial pole, which is physically not acceptable. Therefore we introduce a simple continuous excitation function that hypothetically describes the influence of geomagnetic jerks, and leads to rapid but continuous changes of pole position. The results of numerical integration of atmospheric/oceanic excitations plus this newly introduced excitation are then compared with the observed celestial pole offsets, and prove that the agreement is improved significantly.


Here, There Be Landmines In 2000, the Aboriginal Studies Program (ABS) at the University of Toronto invited me to create its first Native Theatre course. More than a decade later, this stand-alone half course is the only sustained exposure to Native Theatre that U. of T. students can access. Such limited exposure, I believe, is what most university students in either Performance Studies or Native Studies programs across Canada can expect to receive.1 A dearth of funds and, hence, a dearth of faculty and infrastructure within Native Studies departments has led to a marginalization of theatre studies within these programs as they struggle to remain afloat and maintain core courses in language, world-view, history, science, law, governance, and literature. By the same token, theatre programs, largely built upon the Western ''canon,'' generally labour under similar exigencies; hard choices must be made. And such choices are often predicated upon perceived value. Aboriginal performative traditions may be ''interesting''; indeed, exposure to these may ''enhance'' or ''enliven'' one's artistry, but such exposure is largely regarded as a specialized luxury to delight an adventurous palette. Hence, Native Theatre Studies has been prevented from outgrowing its (institutional) infancy to more rigorously address the staggering developments in performance, script creation, adaptation, dramaturgy, and design that are occurring in professional Native theatre; after all (as with any discipline), students must first absorb the history, social context, world-view, cultural praxis, and traditional aesthetic foundations out of which contemporary projects and their predecessors emerge before they can really begin to appreciate and assess current developments. Whether I have taught my Native Theatre course in studio to a small group for six hours each week or in a packed lecture hall for two hours each week, the course always serves two disparate groups. Designed for Aboriginal students and/or students of Aboriginal Studies who come in with lived experience and/or solid knowledge of the lifeways, epistemologies, and issues that the course materials address, this course also welcomes students of theatre who have little to no understanding of Aboriginal people, history, or world-view (although many have lived in Canada for their entire lives). Always, then, we occupy a delicate space wherein uneasy intercultural and interdisciplinary meetings must be negotiated with care: here, there be landmines. And lives hang in the balance. Until Canadian universities begin to invest funds, carve out spaces, build infrastructures, and develop actual (not token) respect for the breadth, depth, aesthetic complexity, and affective potency of contemporary Native theatre and (Nation-specific) Aboriginal performative traditions, these landmines will always be present. It is no easy task to transform these spaces of uneasy meeting into sites of transformation and healing for all. What follows here is an account of my own journey in the Native theatre classroom. And it begins with a ''bang.''


or diagnosis of diabetes mellitus [6, 8] . How much of this excess mortality can be prevented by the treatment of hyperglycemia may depend on when the treatment is started. The results of the epidemiology of diabetes control and complications follow-up of the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial and the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study showed reduced mortality with intensive diabetes treatment started at the time of diagnosis (of diabetes) [9, 10] . However, several recent randomized controlled trials have shown no mortality benefit of intensive control of hyperglycemia for individuals with established coronary artery disease [11, 12] . The authors also draw attention to an approximately 2-fold increased risk of death among the approximately 4% of their subjects with HbA 1c <5%. Similar findings have been reported in population-based studies, so the relationship of low HbA 1c to mortality seems not to be confined to people at high risk for coronary artery disease [5, 6] . This level of HbA 1c is below the physiologic range for nonpregnant adults, so the reader wonders what was going on in those individuals. The low-HbA 1c group did not exhibit increased levels of traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Hypoglycemia has been reported to be a risk factor for mortality among individuals with diabetes [13] , although the pathophysiological mechanisms involved are not understood. However, mean fasting serum glucose among the subjects with HbA 1c <5% in this study was the same as for the group with HbA 1c 5–6%. Additionally, only 6 of the 152 people with HbA 1c <5% had previously diagnosed/were receiving treatment for diabetes mellitus, so one may reasonably infer that the excessive mortality In the latest issue of Cardiology , Havakuk et al. [1] examined all-cause mortality according to hemoglobin A 1c (HbA 1c ) status, among patients referred to a single medical center for coronary angiography. Median follow-up was a little less than 5 years. Why might this be a meaningful association? The clinical utility of HbA 1c derives from its correlation with the average blood glucose [2] . Because of this correlation, HbA 1c has come into widespread use as a diagnostic test for diabetes mellitus and as an index of the intensity of glycemic management in diabetes. In this report, as has been found in previous studies on nondiabetic individuals with coronary artery disease [3] , type 2 diabetes mellitus [4] and in the general population [5, 6] , there was a progressively increasing risk of death with increasing HbA 1c over about 7%. The extent to which hyperglycemia itself mediates this association is unclear. Elevated levels of blood glucose and HbA 1c are associated with obesity, hypertension and an unfavorable lipid profile, which may predispose to death from cardiovascular causes [6, 7] . Indeed, in this report, the subjects with HbA 1c >7% exhibited a higher prevalence of diabetes, more hypertension and clinical cardiovascular disease, and they had more extensive coronary disease than those with lower HbA 1c , so their increased mortality was not surprising. Importantly, hyperglycemia is also associated with mortality from noncardiovascular causes, including cancer [8] , and the mediators of this association are not well understood. Epidemiologic studies have shown a progressively increasing risk of death from various causes with increasing hyperglycemia among individuals with and without a priReceived: February 8, 2016 Accepted: February 8, 2016 Published online: March 15, 2016


This article throws light on training strategy and employee performance in organizations. Private and public businesses have been interested in implementing a training strategy to increase the performance of their personnel. The organizations concentrated on establishing a system of policies and decisions to keep pace with the training plan for quick scientific and technical advancement. The performance of the employee needs appropriate training strategy and constructive decisions to enhance his efficiency. The quantitative method was utilized to examine the relationship between the training strategy and the employee's performance. The study population comprised security companies, and a sample of 45 security employees was taken. The Spss program was used to investigate the relationship between the two variables. The investigation demonstrated that the training method has a function in increasing employee performance. The employee's performance is affected by the organization's training policies. The employee's performance is also affected by decisions in the training approach. Raising the quality of work for employees in businesses involves a training strategy that keeps pace with technological innovation. Organizations maintain the quality of services given and their competitive position through an effective training strategy.


Social support is the key contributor in high performance of athletes for both males and females. Social support has wide array of sources such as perceived and actual support. The study aims to investigate the gender differences in perceived level of social support.


The icing problem of wind turbine blades caused by low temperature environment poses a serious threat to the power generation performance of wind turbines. The serious im-balanced real-time data of the wind turbine makes the traditional machine learning algorithm unable to make a good prediction for blades icing problem. To solve the problem, this paper proposes an improved SMOTE algorithm (MBK-SMOTE) which is based on the standard SMOTE algorithm. MBK-SMOTE makes samples distribution balanced by introducing the concept of sample's density and dividing the concentration area. Then we use the Random Forest algorithm to predict the icing event of wind turbine blades. Comparing the experiments among MBK-SMOTE+RF, standard SMOTE+RF and improved SMOTE+RF, we finally found that MBK-SMOTE+RF is more effective, and the prediction effect of MBK-SMOTE+RF is superior to other methods.


..............................................................................................................................................................
iii
 Acknowledgements
.........................................................................................................................................
v
 Table
of
Contents
..........................................................................................................................................
vii
 List
of
Figures
...................................................................................................................................................
ix
 List
of
Schemes
..............................................................................................................................................
xiv
 List
of
Equations
...........................................................................................................................................
xvi
 List
of
Tables
.................................................................................................................................................
xvii
 Abbreviations
..............................................................................................................................................
xviii

 Chapter
1.
Introduction
to
nanomaterials ............................................................................1
 1.1
 Why
all
this
interest
around
nanomaterials?......................................................................2
 1.1.1
 Particle‐in‐a‐box:
a
top‐down
approach
to
quantum
confinement ...................................4
 1.2
 Cerium
oxide
nanoparticles:
some
unique
structural
properties................................9
 1.2.1
 Cerium
oxide
defect
structure
and
oxygen
diffusion
ability ..............................................10
 1.2.2
 Nanoscale
crystals:
some
applications ........................................................................................11
 1.3
 Semiconductor
quantum
dots:
the
controllable
nanorainbow................................. 12
 1.3.1
 The
consequence
of
quantum
confinement
for
semiconductor
nanoparticles .........14
 1.3.2
 The
dynamics
of
excitons
in
quantum
dots:
an
enigma
still
under
investigation ....16
 1.3.3
 The
advantages
and
disadvantages
of
colloidal
quantum
dots
from
a
chemist
 perspective..............................................................................................................................................................19
 1.4
 Silver
nanoparticles:
novel
properties
of
noble
metal
nanoclusters ....................... 21
 1.4.1
 Localized
surface
plasmon
resonance:
Mie's
theory .............................................................21
 1.4.2
 Applications
for
silver
nanoparticles:
the
rise
of
nano‐catalysis .....................................24
 1.5
 Outline
of
research
presented............................................................................................... 26
 1.6
 References.................................................................................................................................... 27
 Chapter
2.
Experimental
Methods......................................................................................... 31
 2.1
 Introduction................................................................................................................................. 32
 2.2
 Steadystate
and
timeresolved
spectroscopy ................................................................. 32
 2.2.1
 UV‐Visible
spectroscopy ....................................................................................................................32
 2.2.2
 Fluorescence
spectroscopy ..............................................................................................................33
 2.2.3
 Fluorescence
lifetime ..........................................................................................................................33
 2.3
 Size
characterization
techniques ......................................................................................... 34
 2.3.1
 Electron
microscopy
(EM) ................................................................................................................34
 2.3.2
 Dynamic
light
scattering....................................................................................................................35
 2.4
 Elements
analysis ...................................................................................................................... 36


The control of unexpectedly rapid Li intercalation reactions without structural instability in olivine‐type LiFePO4 nanocrystals is one of the notable scientific advances and new findings attained in materials physics and chemistry during the past decade. A variety of scientific studies and technological investigations have been carried out with LiFePO4 to elucidate the origins of many peculiar physical aspects as well as to develop more effective synthetic processing techniques for better electrochemical performances. Among the several features of LiFePO4 that have attracted much interest, in this article we address four important issues—regarding doping of aliovalent cations, distribution of Fe‐rich secondary metallic phases, nanoparticle formation during crystallization, and antisite Li/Fe partitioning—by means of straightforward atomic‐scale imaging and chemical probing. The direct observations in the present study provide significant insight into alternative efficient approaches to obtain conductive LiFePO4 nanocrystals with controlled defect structures.


In this study, we have measured the Raman spectra of near-physiological-level glucose in the aqueous humor of intact, ex vivo porcine eyes. We inject the glucose solutions into the eyes, control the concentration, and measure the Raman spectra using a compact spectroscopic system with a laser excitation wavelength at 785 nm. The reason for using this fiber-based system is to test the feasibility of the Raman method for a practical noninvasive glucose measurement in the future. We believe that a small, portable system like ours may be made sufficiently affordable and convenient for patient use. Our preliminary data also show that the sensitivity of the system is almost adequate, since we can detect the glucose at near-physiological concentrations in the anterior chamber of the eye in the presence of the other eye components.


Service-based performance measures assess discreet service encounters, rather than value-in-use. However, service-dominant logic suggests a longer term focus is more appropriate, offering businesses the chance to build relationships and customer loyalty. This paper argues that a reconceptualization of customer satisfaction measurements is required to achieve this. A structured literature review investigates the conceptual differences between service quality and customer satisfaction and the constructs used to measure them. The results show that, using a service-dominant logic lens, service quality becomes a measure of discreet service encounters whilst customer satisfaction, being theoretically distinct, can become a measure value-in-use over time.


OBJECTIVE
To analyze the distribution and trends of HIV mortality in the Sanitary Districts (JS) of Mexico.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
To calculate crude and standardized mortality rates, official figures of deaths from Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía and population estimates from Consejo Nacional de Población were used. Magnitude, distribution and trends of HIV mortality were analyzed, at the national level, by state and JS, using JoinPoint regression model.

RESULTS
From 2008 to 2015, HIV mortality decreased by more than 20%. In the 25 JS with highest mortality, live 11% of the national population, but concentrated 28.6% of the total HIV death, with mortality rates two or more fold than national rate.

CONCLUSIONS
We identified the 25 JS where actions to reduce HIV mortality in Mexico should be focused. For first time a health problem was analyzed in all JS of Mexico.


A detailed cytogeographic and morphometric study of the Asplenium trichomanes group in the Czech Republic is presented. We detected diploid (2n = 72), tetraploid (2n = 144) and hybrid triploid plants (2n = 108). Based on the morphometric study, four intraspecific taxa are recognized. These taxa correspond to the four subspecies of A. trichomanes (A. t. subsp. trichomanes, A. t. subsp. quadrivalens, A. t. subsp. pachyrachis and A. t. subsp. hastatum) distinguished in the floras of western, southern and northern Europe. Triploid plants were determined as A. t. nothosubsp. lusaticum (A. t. subsp. trichomanes × A. t. subsp. quadrivalens). The individual morphological characters used for determining subspecies are evaluated and a determination key presented.


This following study is based on the fundamentals of designing and building cloud environments and all types of valid data has been collected to evaluate study in a proper manner. At the beginning of the study, an introduction of the cloud environment has been depicted in proper manner and in this section; the concept has been clarified by collecting valid and reliable sources. Also, several types of data have been gathered which are related with the use of cloud environments in IoT devices and several types of business organizations. The data which has been collected for this study is secondary by nature and the data has been collected by following a qualitative approach. Also inductive research design has been followed in this following study. For this following study, three themes have been developed and first theme is based on the concept of the cloud environment and then the importance of cloud environment in IoT devices and business organizations have been showcased in a proper manner. Also, the use of cloud computing has been discussed with elaboration and the fundamentals of designing and building cloud environments has been depicted with valid insights. Keyword : Cloud environment, cloud computing, IoT devices, business organization


All birds reproduce via internal fertilization, but only ~ 3% of male birds possess the external genitalia that allows for intromission. Waterfowl (e.g., duck and goose) are representatives of them, and the external genitalia development of male geese is directly related to mating ability. Notably, some male geese show abnormal external genitalia development during ontogenesis. However, until now little is known about the molecular mechanisms of the external genitalia development in goose. In the present study, comparative transcriptomic analyses were performed on the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, testis, and external genitalia isolated from the 245-day-old male Tianfu meat geese showing normal (NEGG, n = 3) and abnormal (AEGG, n = 3) external genitals in order to provide a better understanding of the mechanisms controlling the development of the external genitalia in aquatic bird species.


In the history of religions, material artifacts have often played an important role as mediations of the 'sacred.' They were and are worshipped, venerated, and sometimes destroyed for their assumed supernatural powers. The article reviews theoretical concepts that engage with the charismatic capacities of objects ('fetish,' 'cultic image,' and 'aura') and discusses literature about 'charismatic objects.' It deals with the question of what kind of charisma objects may have and suggests that the term 'charisma,' when defined in a specific way, is a useful concept to describe and compare specific material objects from different religious traditions. These conceptual and methodological considerations are illustrated by a brief discussion of Christian relic veneration.


The utility model provides an improved structure of a battery connector. The battery connector mainly comprises an insulating body, a contacting terminal, and a positioning sheath. A holding arm for keeping plug-in of the connector stable respectively protrudes on two ends of a plug-in interface side of the insulating body, and a protruding part with balance-keeping effect under the action of external forces is arranged just below the holding arm in the parallel direction. The battery connector is installed on a circuit board by welding, the lower surface of the protruding part is tightly adhered with the welding surface, so that in case of impaction or vibration due to the external forces when the battery connector is plugged-in with the corresponding battery connector, the protruding part can keep the position of the connector balanced and positioned, the plug-in stability of the battery connector is improved so as to ensure the normal electrical connection.


SrBi4Ti4O15 (SBTi) thin films were prepared on (100)- and (110)-oriented LaNiO3(LNO) electrodes by a metalorgranic decomposition (MOD) technique at an annealing temperature of 650°C. c-axis-oriented SBTi thin film with volume fraction of 0.89 can be formed on a (100)-oriented LNO film due to the epitaxial relationship between c-axis-oriented SBTi and LNO(100). In contrast, SBTi film deposited on LNO(110) shows random orientations with strong (119) and (200) peaks. The remanent polarization (Pr) and coercive field (Ec) of the random oriented SBTi film were 18.1 μC/cm2 and 70 kV/cm, respectively. This suggests that (110)-oriented LNO electrode is a better choice for obtaining SBTi films with higher volume fraction of a(b)-axis-orientated grains.


An analysis of recent trends in eastern U.S. hardwood lumber production indicates that total output increased sharply between 1977 and 1991. The increase, however, was much more pronounced in the East's northern tier of states than in the southern. This paper first examines recent hardwood lumber usage trends and historic hardwood lumber production trends. Changes in hardwood lumber production over the last 15 years are then related to changes in national hardwood lumber demand and regional differences in timber attributes.


According to OrCAD simulation analysis of the half-wave rectification filter circuit,many characteristics of this electric circuit are opened out intuitively and an approach to understand many important theories and concept in circuit and system is supplied.The waveform,frequency spectrum,ripple ratio and virtual value are simulated and it is the first time to protract the ripple ratio-time constant relational curve and virtual value-time constant relational curve.In this paper,several circuit theory problems and simulation skill that should be paid attention to in the simulating process are proposed.


In Pakistan, English is the official language and a high level of proficiency is considered a passport to success (Manan et al., 2016). However, little is known about Pakistani English teachers' assessment knowledge and training needs. This study investigates the language assessment literacy of English language teachers at a multi-campus English Medium Instruction university in Pakistan. The aims were (1) to evaluate whether the EAP teachers were equipped, academically and professionally, to design and conduct language assessment; (2) to document teachers' language assessment challenges in context and (3) to consult teachers on their training needs in assessment. Data comprised questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, and ELT curriculum documents. The analysis revealed little or no training in LAL, large classes, a crowded curriculum, and mixed student abilities impacting on language assessment practices. Implications are discussed for the training needed to support teachers' language assessment practices that underpin student success in EMI programs.


The present study deals with the phytosociological analysis, anthropogenic impacts and regeneration status of tree species in five dominant forest types along an altitudinal gradient in Paddar valley of Northwest Himalaya. The tree density varied between 179 to 245 trees/ha whereas the total basal area varied between 24.7 and 37.7 m²/ha in five forest types. The value of Shannon-Weiner index (H') was found maximum for western mixed coniferous forest (1.75) whereas Concentration of dominance (Cd) and Evenness (J') were found maximum for dry temperate deciduous forest (0.41) and dry deodar forest (0.32) respectively. The maximum disturbance was found in the dry temperate deciduous forests due to heavy dependence of the locals on oak, Quercus baloot for fuelwood and fodder. The results pertaining to regeneration status of 18 tree species shows 4 species with good regeneration,6 species with fair regeneration and 5 species with poor regeneration status whereas 3 tree species were found to have no regeneration at all. The regeneration was good for mixed coniferous forest and birch fir forests, poor for broadleaved and coniferous forest and fair for dry temperate deciduous forest and dry deodar forests.


In order to effectively compete in today's telecommunication market, service providers and enterprises are turning towards voice over IP (VoIP) technology. Initially, the goal of using VoIP in enterprises was a better utilisation of internal packet networks and avoiding long-distance toll charges. On the other side service providers need to rollout new revenue generating services quickly. There are many compelling reasons to migrate voice traffic to IP networks, but certain problems must be solved first. This paper introduces important concepts surrounding the performance of VoIP applications in corporate networks and in the Internet. We explain the problem of end-to-end delays, delay jitter, packet reordering and frame erasures and also emerging techniques for solving those problems. This paper focuses on the performance of VoIP applications in wide area networks.


Objective To evaluate the integrated approach to the treatment of knee osteoarthritis treatment and its advantages.Methods The subjects treated 70 cases of patients with osteoarthritis of the knee,respectively,after application of an integrated group therapy(experimental group)and the song annai Degas lidocaine treatment(control group),a comprehensive treatment,including anti-inflammatory or analgesic closed,fumigation or medicine iontophoresis,joint cavity rinse,massage,acupuncture,and intra-articular injection of ozone.Observed and compared its efficacy and analysis.Results After treatment,all patients,experimental patients were cured 20 cases,improved in 11 cases,4 cases;control group of patients cured,18 cases improved,8 cases,9 cases;treatment efficiency of the experimental group(88.6%)was significantly higher(74.3%),the results are more significant difference,statistically significant(P 0.05).70 cases were observed in patients with significant adverse reactions.Conclusion An integrated approach to the treatment of knee osteoarthritis,the clinical effect is significant,practical,side effects,is the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee the preferred method..


Summary: The use of radiofrequency for soft tissue tightening has increased over the past 10 years. Both minimally invasive and noninvasive devices are frequently in use. This article describes the different types of radiofrequency technology and the current evidence behind their safety and efficacy.


OBJECTIVE
To establish the linkage methods of X ba I polymorphisms specific for FVIII gene intron 22, and to find a rapid and simple system for haemophilia A (HA) carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis.

METHODS
A long PCR to amplify FVIII gene intron 22 followed by X ba I digestion was used to assay the gene rate and heterozygosity rate of 206 unrelated people. Detection of intron 22 inversion by long distance PCR (LD-PCR) and XbaI, BclI, Hind III, DXS52, STR polymorphism within intron 13 and 22 by hereditary linkage analysis were assays in 20 HA pedigrees.

RESULTS
The gene rate and polymorphism information contents of 206 people were 0.5475 and 0.4955 respectively, 7 of 20 HA families were diagnosed as intron 22 inversion, 6 of 13 non-inversion HA families were diagnosed by X ba I linkage analysis, 8 of 13 non-inversion HA families were diagnosed by two or more linkage analysis.

CONCLUSIONS
The improved X ba I linkage analysis is a specific and useful molecular diagnosis marker. LD-PCR and five-linkage analysis can be used in prenatal HA gene diagnosis.


In this paper the dynamics of a trapped two-level atom interacting with a beam of electromagnetic wave of circular polarization is studied. In a frame rotating with the atomic transition frequency ω0, the motion of the atom is governed by a nonlinear coupled Jaynes-Cummings (JC) Hamiltonian. By means of this nonlinear Hamiltonian, we study the atomic inversion, squeezing effect of the vibration mode and that of the atomic dipole, and the phase property as well as its fluctuation of the vibration mode. In the Lamb-Dicke limit, we get the results similar to those of the JC model; beyond the Lamb-Dicke limit, we find the evolution of these quantities becomes very complicated. The nonlinearity weakens the collapse-revival phenomenon of the atomic inversion and the squeezing effect; the evolution of the cosine phase operator becomes less predetermined with its fluctuation not enlarged.


The research article mainly focuses on investigating the dispersive behaviour of Love waves influenced by an impulsive point source in a fibre‐reinforced magnetoelastic (FRME) plate placed on functionally graded fibre‐reinforced visco‐elastic (FGFRVE) semi‐infinite stratum. The materials of the considered structure have been assumed under the influence of magnetic field and functionally graded. The functionally graded in the lower semi‐infinite space is caused by consideration of quadratic variation in the shear moduli and mass density. Maxwell's equation and generalised Ohm's law have been employed to calculate the Laurentz force in the fibre‐reinforced magnetoelastic (FRME) plate. For solving the coupled field equations, three‐dimensional Green's function and Fourier transform are applied; consequently, the closed‐form of the Love wave's dispersion relation is obtained. The obtained dispersion curve is plotted and compared in the numerical results and discussions by taking the different magnitude of materials quantities such as reinforcement parameter, magnetoelastic coupling parameter, functionally graded parameter, and visco‐elastic parameter. In some particular cases, the deduced dispersion equation is found to be identical to the classical Love wave equation for uniform homogeneous isotropic cases, indicating that the assumed structures are valid. The obtained results from the entire study can be utilised to better understand the dispersive nature of Love wave propagation in the considered systems containing fibre‐reinforced, magnetoelastic, viscoelastic, and point sources.


Objective:To evaluate the relationship between blood lipids levels of patients in late pregnancy with gestational diabetes mellitus and neonatal birth weight.Methods:The blood lipids levels of 92 cases with gestational diabetes mellitus(diabetes group)and 242 normal pregnant women(control group)were detected by enzymic method from October 2006 to October 2009.The kinds of blood lipids included serum triglyceride(TG),total cholesterol(TC),low-density lipoprotein(LDL)and high-density lipoprotein(HDL),the relationship between blood lipids levels of patients in late pregnancy with gestational diabetes mellitus and neonatal birth weight was analyzed.Results:The levels of serum TC,LDL and HDL in diabetes group were higher than those in control group,but there was no significant difference(P0.05);the level of TG in diabetes group was significantly higher than that in control group(P0.05);Person's analysis indicated that there was a positive correlation between serum TG level and neonatal body weight(P0.05).Conclusion:There is a correlation between increase of serum TG in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus and neonatal birth weight.


Dipeptidyl peptidase III (DPP III), the sole member of the M49 family of metallopeptidases, is a zinc-dependent exopeptidase which takes part in the intracellular protein metabolism. Human DPP III (h.DPP III) is also related to some pathophysiological processes like cataractogenesis, tumor growth and influenza virus infection. Nrf2-Keap1 signalling pathway is major regulator of cytoprotective responses to oxidative and electrophilic stress. High Nrf2 activity commonly occurs in cancer cells with adverse outcomes. Keap1 binds to Nrf2 and promotes its degradation. Hast et al. revealed that DPP III contributes to the activation of transcription factor Nrf2 by binding to its negative regulator, repressor protein, Keap1. In order to rationalize experimental data and better understand behaviour of human dipeptidyl peptidase III (h.DPP III) in physiological conditions we performed exhaustive in silico study of h.DPP III and its complexes with small ligands and Keap1. A range of molecular dynamics simulation techniques, conventional, accelerated and steered were used to investigate the h.DPP III conformational landscape and the influence of ligand binding on the protein structure and dynamics. According to the results, the compact forms of h.DPP III are more stable, but the open and partially closed states, spanning a wide range of conformations, can more effectively recognize the substrate which preferentially binds to the five-stranded s-core of the lower DPP III domain. The simulations indicate the existence of a dynamic equilibrium between open and semi-closed states and revealed two ways that the protein can close, leading to two distinct compact structures. The simulations clearly indicate that the mode of closure is determined by presence of a ligand. Recently we have built the complex between h.DPP III and keltch domain of Keap1. According to preliminary simulations it seems that h.DPP III binds to the kelch domain via the flexible loop of the upper, catalytic domain containg an "ETGE" motif. It seems that presence of the partner protein hinders the DPP III transformation from the open to semi-closed form which was observed during its simulations in solvent. However, we expect to have more reliable data in about two to three months.


An imaging system is provided that includes a gantry having a bore extending therethrough; a plurality of image detectors attached to the gantry and radially spaced around a circumference of the bore such that gaps exist between image detectors along the circumference of the bore; an x-ray source attached to the gantry, wherein the x-ray source transmits x-rays across the bore towards at least two of the image detectors; wherein at least two image detectors detect both emission radiation and x-ray radiation.


Various algebraic approaches of quantum chemistry all follow a common principle: the fundamental properties and interrelations providing the most essential features of a quantum chemical representation of a molecule or a chemical process, such as a reaction, can always be described by algebraic methods. Whereas such algebraic methods often provide precise, even numerical answers, nevertheless their main role is to give a framework that can be elaborated and converted into computational methods by involving alternative mathematical techniques, subject to the constraints and directions provided by algebra. In general, algebra describes sets of interrelations, often phrased in terms of algebraic operations, without much concern with the actual entities exhibiting these interrelations. However, in many instances, the very realizations of two, seemingly unrelated algebraic structures by actual quantum chemical entities or properties play additional roles, and unexpected connections between different algebraic ...


Frank Rubin, in his paper "Experiments in Text File Compression" [6], discussed several computationally feasible algorithms in detail with the goal of achieving "the greatest possible degree of compression". The measure of compression is defined as a ratio len(input string)-[len(output string)-len(output rep)] CR len(input) expressed as a percentage. The author pointed out that all the methods described required a "fairly high" computation time and "large" storage requirements . It would be reassuring if one could show that the limits of the compression ratio were "almost" reached by some of the methods, so that additional efforts could not be profitably applied. We believe that a recently validated hypothesis of software science may be used to establish such limits [3, 4]. Software science was originally developed to measure properties of computer programs. Let r| be the count of distinct or unique operators and n 2 be the count of unique variables or constants (operands) in a program. The length of of a program, which is defined as the sum of the total uses of operators and operands, can be expressed as N = n 1 iog 2 r^ + n 2 iog 2 n 2 (1) Equation (1) has been experimentally shown to be valid for computer programs covering a wide range of sizes and languages [1, 2J. Equation (1) therefore provides a direct relationship between unique entities and total entities in written material. From the same sources [3, 4], the number of bits required to represent that program is V = N log 2 t| (2) where n = ri + n. Several other properties of computer algorithms and their representation in programs were also derived based on the observation that a program is a string of operators and operands. The hypothesis may be applied to English prose by noting that it is a string of two classes of words: the "function" words and the "content" words [5]. The function words include those which are traditionally called articles, prepositions, pronouns, conjunctions, and auxiliary verbs, plus certain irregular forms; and the content words include those which are traditionally called nouns, verbs, and


Pleiotrophin (PTN) is a cytokine highly expressed at the late stage of embryogenesis. It plays important roles in angiogenesis, mesenchymal‐epithelial interaction, cell differentiation and migration. Our previous studies have shown that PTN was highly expressed in fetal lungs and located in mesenchymal cells adjacent to the developing epithelium. We further investigated the roles of PTN in fetal lung development and alveolar epithelial cell differentiation using fetal lung organ culture and isolated fetal lung epithelial cells. PTN expression in fetal lung organ culture was knocked down by an adenoviral vector carrying siRNA targeted to PTN. The reduction of PTN had little effects on the branching morphogenesis of fetal lungs. However, the SP‐C mRNA and protein levels were markedly decreased in the siRNA treated lungs. Additionally, when isolated fetal alveolar epithelial type II cells were cultured on plastic dishes, PTN arrested the trans‐differentiation of type II cells to type I cells. Our study suggested that PTN may have important roles in the regulation of fetal lung development and alveolar epithelial cell trans‐differentiation.


This protocol describes a standard procedure for seeding nucleofected human pluripotent stem cells in 96-well plates using limited dilution. This protocol follows nucleofection of hPSCs as described in detail in the collection "Nucleofection (Amaxa) andelectroporation(Biorad) of hPSCs;" dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.b4qnqvve General notes 1. Throughout this protocol, the term hPSC is used to collectively refer to both hiPSCs and hESCs. All described procedures have been tested and work equally well for hiPSCs and hESCs.


A light output device (100), comprising: a light emitting unit, the light emitting unit comprises at least one solid state light source (102); at least two sealed transparent tube (108), each of the transparent tube are enclosed wavelength converting material (110), the transparent tube disposed adjacent to each other, such that a cavity is formed between said elongated transparent tube, wherein the light emitting unit is arranged to emit light into said elongated cavity.


Mass spectrometric methods that are able to analyze solid samples or biological materials with little or no sample preparation are invaluable to science as well as society. Fundamental research that has discovered experimental and instrumental parameters that inhibit fractionation effects that occur during the quantification of elemental species in solid samples by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry is described. Research that determines the effectiveness of novel laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometric methods for the molecular analysis of biological tissues at atmospheric pressure and at high spatial resolution is also described. A spatial resolution is achieved that is able to analyze samples at the single cell level.


The Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) of 1990 require the reformulation of gasoline. Indeed Reformulated Gasoline, RefGas and RFG have become a part of the lexicon of the refining industry. Experimental data from the Auto/Oil Air Quality Improvement Research Program shows that a reduction in gasoline sulfur content may be one of the best ways to achieve the target reductions in automobile emissions. FCC gasoline is the primary contributor to gasoline sulfur content in most refineries. Conventional means of sulfur reduction require the refiner to commit to a large capital investment for FCC feed hydrotreating or sustain a large octane loss if the FCC gasoline is hydrodesulfurized. OCTGAIN[trademark] process technology provides an innovative solution. While it requires only simple fixed bed, low pressure hydrotreater hardware, a proprietary Mobil catalyst system allows for unique reaction chemistry. It provides thorough desulfurization and olefin reduction of cracked gasoline components with no loss in octane. Indeed in some cases the octane of the desulfurized product can exceed that of the feed to the process. The process is commercially proven with over two years operating experience since the first demonstration run.


Hourly values of meteorological parameters from the test reference year for the City of Rijeka were used to investigate the effects of mechanical ventilation system on thermal comfort and on space heating and cooling energy consumption in a detached single-family house in the Rijeka. The analysis includes three family houses, each having a floor area of 150 m2 in two storeys, with different energy performance levels: a normative house being built with minimum requirements and the other two being built with Low-energy and Passive House standards, respectively. The normative house is not equipped with a mechanical ventilation system, and as such consumes 90 kWh/m2 of energy for space heating and 9 kWh/m2 for space cooling annually. The space heating energy consumption in the low energy house amounts to 50 kWh/m2 annually, with possible further reductions by 20 kWh/m2 if a mechanical ventilation heat recovery system is provided. The passive house, having a mechanical ventilation heat recovery system, consumes 9 kWh/m2 of energy for space heating and 8 kWh/m2 for cooling. Out of the three houses, the best thermal comfort is achieved in the passive house: the number of hours with comfortable air temperature and humidity is the biggest. The heating season is longest in the normative house, i.e. 148 days, and shortest in the passive house, only 42 days. The exhaust air heat recovery system preheats the intake fresh air, and by doing so the heating balance point temperature moves from 15 to 12 °C. Contrary to what one might expect, energy efficient houses use less energy for cooling, although the cooling season is longer: 69 days in the normative house as opposed to 96 days in the low-energy and 121 days in the passive house. In summer period, overheating of energy efficient houses can be prevented providing higher flow rates of fresh air in the mechanical ventilation system at night, which will result in a 25% reduction of the space cooling energy consumption, but also in a 100% fan power consumption increase. Instead, the house can be protected from overheating by passive solutions such as roof overhangs, window shadings and natural night ventilation.


The memory of resistance theology in Hitler's Germany continues to disturb and challenge theological debate on church and state. This memory tells the story of a theology mighty in a time of resistance that could not meet the critical challenge of nation-building. Hans Jochen Marguli suggested that the Con fessing Church consisted sociologically of "a conglomerate of heterogeneous individuals bound together primarily by a need to counter a common enemy." "When Hitler no longer ren dered the church this service," he said, "it collapsed and was absorbed into the all-encompassing structures of a new brand of liberal Christianity not easily distinguishable from the dominant culture of post-war Germany."1 The dominant theology of the church has at least since the time of the Constantinian settlement in A.D. 313 been firmly on the side of successive ruling classes—and frequently it has been used to prop up corrupt and oppressive regimes. For this reason the crisis theology of Karl Barth and others who resisted the co option of the church by the Adolf Hitler regime constitutes an important and major contribution to the history of theology. Barth thought that the most important contribution the church could make to an oppressive regime is to say "No" in every possible way. But God's "No," he stressed, has important implications for all nations. "Grace," he said, "is the axe laid at the root of the good conscience which the politician and the


Five hundred strains of actinomycetes were screened for inhibitory activity against the phytopathogenic fungi; Alternaria alternata, Botryotinia fuckeliana, Colletotrichum acutatum, Colletotrichum gleosporioides, Corticium sasaki, Cylindrocarpon destructans, Fusarium oxysporium, Magnaporthe grisea, Phytophthora infestans, Phytium ultimum, and Thanatephorus cucumeris. The strain CNU-A91231 (Korea Agricultural Culture Collection #20938) showed a strong activity against the phytopathogenic fungi and it was identified as Streptomyces griseofuscus based on the sequence of 16s rDNA. Practical and simple media for the strain S. griseofuscus CNU-A91231 was developed at the conditions (28°C and pH 6 with aeration) for efficient bacterial growth. Alanine, glutamine, proline and ammonium ion were good nitrogen sources for the bacterium. Addition of the major salts including Na, Cl, Ca, P, K, and Mg into molasses did not increase the growth of S. griseofuscus. Addition of fertilizers containing amino acids significantly enhanced growth of the bacterium. The optimal medium was formulated as molasses + 1% of glutamate fermentation waste powder. All the conditions and components used in this study did not affect the antifungal activity of S. griseofuscus. The bacterium and the medium in this study can be used as a bio-antifungal agent for plant farming.


We prove that there exists a dense set of analytic expanding maps of the circle for which the Ruelle eigenvalues enjoy exponential lower bounds. The proof combines potential theoretic techniques and explicit calculations for the spectrum of expanding Blaschke products.


This article examines the advocacy of overseas Taiwanese, particularly those in the United States, and their influence on US foreign policy and subsequently upon democratization in Taiwan. It concentrates particularly on the work of a Taiwanese non-governmental, non-profit advocacy group in the US—the Formosan Association for Public Affairs (FAPA). This article first composes an organizational history of FAPA by investigating the questions and processes of why and how FAPA was formed at the local level in the US. Further, it analyzes how the organization mobilized its relatively modest local resources in the US through grassroots diplomacy to promote Taiwan's visibility in the US, to influence the US government on Taiwan-related issues, and to attempt to impact upon Taiwan's democratization. Through the presentation of FAPA's organizational history, this article ultimately tries to answer the question of whether a non-governmental organization such as FAPA and its grassroots diplomacy has had an impact on US foreign policy and Taiwan's democratization. Besides adding to the existing scholarly literature on the causes of Taiwan's democratization, this study on the formation and effectiveness of FAPA seeks to contribute to studies on NGOs' or non-state actors' grassroots diplomacy and lobbying efforts on governmental policies. Because FAPA functioned as an important diplomatic channel for the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP), Taiwan's first opposition party in the post-World War II era, before it matured into a fully-developed national opposition party in the 1990s and consequently unseated the Kuomintang (KMT) in 2000, this article is also an examination of an opposition movement's informal diplomacy.


The design of a self-calibrating germanium photo-diode with an internal quantum efficiency in excess of 980 in the wavelength range from .4 to 1.5 μm is described. The fabrication of these photodiodes by ion implantation is discussed.


This paper presents a new modeling of the intensities of typical rating change events with a multivariate affine jump process. The main feature of our model is that the intensity model has a mutually exciting structure in the sense that an event occurrence can jump not only the intensity of the same type of events but those of another event types. Also, such a modeling with the multivariate affine jump process enables us to execute the maximum likelihood estimation of the model parameters relatively easily and to compute the expectation of the number of events without Monte Carlo simulation. We actually try the maximum likelihood estimation for a specific model with some historical record of rating changes for the corporate bond issued by Japanese companies. In addition, we propose a new credit derivative named multi-downgrade protection (MDP) as an application of our mutually contagious intensity model. Some numerical illustrations on the expectation of the number of events and the fair value of MDP are also presented.


Despite widespread evidence of modeling effects across a wide range of human behaviors, empirical support for the role of modeling on creativity has been mixed and limited. In this study, 138 Chinese middle school students were separated into two groups, with one com- pleting divergent thinking (DT) tasks and the other completing artistic creativity tasks. Half of each group were exposed to highly creative models beforehand, and half were exposed to no models. Results provide evidence of significant and large modeling effects on both DT and artistic creativity, although post hoc analyses suggest that the DT effects are largely restricted to verbal DT tasks.


Abstract The tiller characteristics (length and age of laminae, number of leaves per tiller) which depend on morphogenetic characters such as leaf appearance and expansion rates, leaf growth duration and leaf lifespan were studied in the field over four growing seasons to gain a better understanding of the progressive changes in leaf digestibility over time, and to facilitate the development of predictive mathematical models. We show that, for a given regrowth, only the number of leaves per tiller and the lamina expansion rate remain constant throughout growth. In other words, the length of successive laminae, their growth duration and lifespan increased while their rate of appearance decreased in such a way that the lamina expansion rate at the tiller level remained constant. These changes were associated with an increase in sheath length which governs both the lamina appearance rate and its growth duration. As temperature increased, the average lamina expansion rate and the number of laminae which grew both increased simultaneously. Therefore, high temperature accelerates the changes in tiller characteristics which occur as growth progresses.


A fun learning is one of ways to increase students' learning motivation. Generally, students tend not to have learning motivation, because they do not understand delivered material. With a new learning, it will ease lecturers to deliver materials to students. One of ways which can be used in order to understand the materials is with re-framing perception activity based on neuro linguistics programming (NLP) reframing type. The goal of this research is to know the students' response towards linear programming learning based on Neuro-Linguistics Programming Reframing Type, to know learning motivation of linear programming based on Neuro-Linguistics Programming Reframing Type and to know how big students' response towards linear programming learning based on Neuro-Linguistics Programming Reframing Type in relation to learning motivation. In doing learning activity, everyone needs a certain demand in order to get learning achievement in learning activity as the goals which expected. One of factors which demands students is motivation. This research uses quantitative approach  with analysis method and data collecting technique using questionnaire. This research takes an amount of same population and sample 48 students of Semester VII from class B of IAIN Syekh Nurjati Cirebon in Linear Programming Course. The data processing uses normalitas test, homogeneity test, correlation test and hypothesis test. Based on calculation result, score of t c o u n t  is 2,29, meanwhile score of t t ab l e is 2,01. So, score of t c o un t > t t ab l e (2,29 > 2,01), so that H 0 is rejected and H a is accepted. It means there is significant influence towards students' motivation  given  treatment  with  Method  of  Neuro-Linguistics  Programming  (NLP) reframing type in linear programming discussion. Key Words : NLP, fun learning, learning motivation


ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to explore how Hungarian university teachers at a faculty of social sciences adapt developmental initiations in mentoring relationships. These relationships are designed to maximise reflective space through various mentoring structures without predefined mentoring roles. This study presents findings from a pilot faculty mentoring programme involving faculty (n = 13) from the same institution who joined on a voluntary basis for 6 months. For the analysis of the programme, baseline and end of programme survey, participants' reflective diaries and transcripts of the final focus groups were used. The content analysis of the qualitative data was supplemented by quasi-statistical descriptive analysis of the quantitative dataset. The relational perspective of the mentoring programme design nurtured (1) the multi-directional nature of the learning cycles, (2) the diverse content of the professional discussions, and (3) the programme impact on the individuals' workplace well-being.


This paper describes the nineteenth-century movement to establish medical libraries in Texas. It is concerned mostly with pre-origin efforts rather than with actual achievements. It is hoped that this study will provide the background for histories of the libraries which finally evolved as a result of the earlier effort and interest.


This paper studies the probability of formally employed men falling into informality because of exposure to hurricanes and tropical storms. It combines destruction variables calculated from historical storms' physical characteristics at the district level with 36 quarterly rounds of labour force surveys in Jamaica. The empirical strategy exploits variation arising from the storms' timing, intensity, and geographic locations within a panel random-effects endogenous choice model framework. Controlling for potential biases due to initial conditions, panel attrition, and employment selection, findings suggest that hurricanes do not affect unemployment and positively affect the transition to informality probability regardless of whether the individual was initially employed in a formal or an informal job. When the marginal effects of the storm were studied, the probability of becoming informally employed ranges between 8.5 and 14.5 percent depending on the employee's initial state and the moment when the storms were suffered. The effect is mainly driven by the impact of hurricanes on the service sector. These results suggest that the public and private policy agenda on adaptation to climate change should incorporate a discussion on how to off-set the negative effects of hurricanes, since these events could become worse in the near future. JEL classification: C33, E26, J01, J22, Q54.


This article explores the viewpoint prevailing among Russian researchers in respect to the transformation of geopolitics in the Information Age. It focuses on the changes in the concepts of power and space, which resulted in the emergence of information geopolitics as an important problem for scientific analysis. The article discusses information warfare, which is perceived in Russia as a tool for implementing modern geopolitical strategies. Traditional manipulation techniques and mediagenic crisis scenarios are analysed. The concept of a national information culture, which performs the function of protecting modern society from information attacks, is also introduced in this article. A tendency has recently emerged in information warfare studies and practical politics to deal with the problem of information security by imposing traditional bans and restrictions. Since such an approach does not suit open democratic societies, this article proposes alternative methods of addressing information security issues.


Aims. We analyze the properties of VIRGO detector with the aim of studying its ability to search for coalescing black hole binaries. We focus on the remnants of the Population III stars, which currently should be massive black holes ( ∼ $100{-}1000~M_\odot$), some of them bound in binary systems. The coalescence of such binaries due to emission of gravitational waves may be currently observable. Methods. We use a binary population synthesis to model the evolution of Population III binaries. Results. We calculate the signal to noise ratios of gravitational waves emitted by the system in each of the coalescence phase: inspiral, merger and ringdown, and provide simple formulae for the signal to noise ratio as a function of masses of the binaries. We estimate the detection rates for the VIRGO interferometer and also compare them with the estimates for the current LIGO. We show that these expected rates are similar to, or larger than the expected rates from coalescences of Population I and II compact object binaries.


Despite the considerable research that has been conducted on issues of diversity on college campuses, there has been limited research addressing this issue on Hispanic Serving Institutions (HSIs). The present study investigated the predictors of Hispanic students' attitudes toward special efforts to recruit non‐Hispanic students and faculty at an HSI. Thirty‐nine percent of Hispanic students supported efforts to recruit non‐Hispanic students and 45% support efforts to recruit non‐Hispanic faculty. Membership in on‐ campus clubs and organizations predicted students' support of special efforts to recruit both non‐Hispanic students and faculty. However, speaking Spanish at home was only a predictor of support for efforts to recruit non‐Hispanic students. The Hispanic population within the United States is projected to increase from 46.7 million people in 2008 to 132.8 million by 2050 (US Census Bureau, 2008) and this increase in population is very likely to result in an increase of Hispanic residents in a variety of institutions in the United States. One of these institutions likely to see an increase


From a tourism perspective, shortcomings in the traditional evaluation procedures for road improvements include the valuation of traditional benefits without considering different values for tourism; the lack of valuation of 'intangible' benefits; and treatment of other issues such as peaking phenomenon, traffic generation, economic development benefits, and benefits to international visitors. The tourism perspective could be better taken into account in evaluation of road improvements by more research into valuation of traditional and intangible benefits, by adopting a strategic focus, and by conducting sensitivity analysis of key parameters.


THIS COLUMN OUTLINES PRACTICAL APPROACHES FOR DESIGNING AN EFFECTIVE SPEEDTRAINING PROGRAM FOR THE HIGH SCHOOL ATHLETE. IT INTRODUCES CONCEPTS TO ASSIST THE COACH IN IMPLEMENTING A SAFE TRAINING SESSION ALONG WITH OUR SPRINT TRAINING DRILL. THE PRIMARY FOCUS HERE IS TO HAVE THE COACH TAKE A CLOSER LOOK AT HIS OR HER TRAINING METHODS AND SPARK CURIOSITY ABOUT PREPARATION AND RECOVERY FOR 13TO 19-YEAR-OLD DEVELOPING ATHLETES IN ALL SPORTS.


Excerpt To the editor: I am writing to you about our article entitled "Alteration in Distribution of Pulmonary Blood Flow: An early Manifestation of Alpha1-Antitrypsin Deficiency," which appeared i...


Recombinant erythropoietins (EPOs) are an important class of biotherapeutics that stimulate red blood cell produc- tion. The quality, safety, and potency of EPO variants are determined largely by their glycosylation, which makes up nearly half their mass. Thus, detailed glycomic analyses are important to assess biotherapeutic quality and establish the equivalency of bio- similar EPOs now coming to market. High-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) has recently emerged as the premier tool for gly- can analysis in EPOs. Using the accurate mass measurements provided by high-resolution MS, the compositions of even large, complex glycans can easily be determined. When combined with a nano-LC separation, differentiation of structural isomers also becomes a possibility. These components, together, provide a comprehensive picture of biotherapeutic glycosylation. In this review, we provide an overview of MS-based analytical platform for glycomic characterization of EPO biotherapeutics and bio- similars.


The author of this article introduces the characteristics of debatetheatre, a variation the spontaneous theatre, illustrating these through the account of a session in which certain issues were raised. The historical background and context of this approach as well as its correlation with other working modalities within the area are presented. Moysés Aguiar


The problem of financing is one of the key restrictive factors of western tourism's development. The rapid development of western tourism will be impossible without the support of the funds. Under the conditions of global economic unify and the development of west regions, to tackle the problem of financing should abide by the principles of financing to ensure effective investment,update concept, adopt many-faceted channels of financing and perfect the environment of investment in order to attract outside investment and avoid funds' outflow.


As a pioneer writer, BEI Cun wrote a series of "zhe shuo" fictions with a strong sense of form to stress the experimental characteristics of pioneer fiction form at the end of the 80s and the beginning of 90s. By 1994, however, in Ma Zhuo's Love, he placed narration in the spotlight to emphasize its pioneer feature by varying narrators. And this way of narration brings about an artistic effect of reverberation. In the paper, the author just gives right to readers to judge.


Surface conditioning additives are molecular surface-active modifiers (silicones) or, more frequently, microphase solids (fine particle size waxes, polymers and silica), designed to be introduced into coating formulations in order to impart improved mechanical, optical or energetic surface properties. Surface modification with surface conditioners allow various coatings to meet specific requirements, such as resistance to blocking, mar resistance, wet or dry abrasion or scratch resistance, lower or higher surface slip, lower or higher light reflectance etc.


During the night of 29-30 October 1995, over 600 Redwings Turdus iliacus died as a result of flying into the lighthouse at Bardsey, Gwynedd, North Wales. These migrating birds were used to investigate fat levels in relation to age, sex, biometrics and pectoral muscle mass. Wing length was the best single linear measure of size and mean wing length of males was 2.5 mm greater than that of females. Body mass of the casualties declined during the night and the mean body mass of birds arriving towards the end of the night was 1.5 g lower than that of the first arrivals. Fat deposits at different body sites were significantly correlated with each other and with body mass, and, by extrapolation, the mass of intra-abdominal fat remaining would be significant when other fat deposits have been depleted. Fat in the tracheal pit (the claviculo-coracoid fat body) demonstrated the best correlation with body mass and was linearly correlated with visual fat scores. Fat was also present in the pectoral muscle but did not make a significant contribution to overall body mass. Two-thirds of the variation in body mass was accounted for by wing length, the mass of claviculo-coracoid fat and the lean-dry mass of pectoral muscle. Claviculo-coracoid fat and lean pectoral-muscle mass contributed independently to overall body mass. These data support the view that increase in fat in relation to migration is accompanied by an increase in protein or lean muscle mass, but suggest that these are controlled independently.


A morphometric discontinuity between species of the bivalve Chione during a PlioPleistocene extinction in Florida suggests that the Pliocene species C. erosa was replaced by the immigrant C. cancellata. Here we show that immigration of C. cancellata into the Florida ecosystem changed the dynamics of naticid predation on Chione. Chione cancellata, upon its first appearance in Florida, exhibited no greater degree of escalation than its predecessor C. erosa. The relative size of prey selected by naticid predators, however, declined significantly. Selected prey size subsequently increased during the Pleistocene and into the Recent, but C. cancellata has responded by significantly increasing relative shell thickness. These patterns of interaction provide direct evidence for the disruption of predator-prey systems by mass extinctions, and the microevolutionary escalation of anti-predatory traits.


with other countries, South Africa's reactions to the Suez crisis were conditioned by a motley assembly of interests and emotions. Underlying, and accentuating, these were the divisions deriving from her bi-national tradition which with apartheid had become principal motive elements in her history and politics. Internally the steady deterioration into authoritarianism, externally the inevitable retreat into isolationism, had come to equip white South Africa with a national psychology that was at once highly sensitive and highly discreet. The absence of any direct proprietorial or navigational interests in the Suez Canal was in contrast with a deep concern with peace in the Middle East, since the region's geography as the gateway to southern Africa, and its politics as the scene of a widespread nationalist revolution, bore vitally on South Africa politically and strategically. The Union Government's studied neutrality on the merits of the Egyptian, and later of the Anglo-French, action was accompanied therefore by a vocal, and apparently sincere, fear of war in the Middle East. It did not, however, fail to avail itself of those aspects of the crisis that in its view impinged on South Africa's interests and position. Reactions to the crisis well reflected the national and racial divisions in South Africa. Concern of the Nationalists with the likely anti-Western repercussions and implications of the Egyptian action was paralleled, and almost concelled, by their anxiety not to get embroiled with "Britain's wars." In its response to the nationalization of the Suez Canal Company, therefore, the Nationalist Government was forced to a narrow jurisdictional argument amounting more or less to a defence of the Egyptian action. In its response to the Anglo-French intervention, again,


Network operators - being it fixed or mobile - are in continuous need to keep up with a variety of customer requirements while seeking efficient ways to interconnect with other networks. This issue raises several, not only technical challenges that are addressed differently depending on the legacy of operators. This paper conducts a holistic comparison of two interconnection models used for global Internet Protocol (IP) service delivery: Internet Service Provider (ISP) interconnections in an unmanaged, public model and Mobile Network Operator (MNO) interconnections in a managed, closed model. To lay out technical and business interfaces of these models, Value Network Configurations (VNCs) are utilized and the key characteristics of each model are analysed from technical, economic and regulatory perspectives. The comparison shows that these two models do not employ broadly divergent approaches to accomplish a global reach, as one could assume. However, fundamental differences and how these features induce each model to evolve in their own trajectories cannot be omitted either. By comparing the existing models that represent two different worlds, the current drawbacks can be addressed, and thus future implications of emerging models, such as IP eXchange (IPX), can be rationally anticipated.


The Tribbles family of pseudokinases recruits substrates to the ubiquitin ligase COP1 to facilitate ubiquitylation. CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) family transcription factors are crucial Tribbles substrates in adipocyte and myeloid cell development. We found that the TRIB1 pseudokinase was able to recruit various C/EBP family members and that the binding of C/EBPβ was attenuated by phosphorylation. To explain the mechanism of C/EBP recruitment, we solved the crystal structure of TRIB1 in complex with C/EBPα, which revealed that TRIB1 underwent a substantial conformational change relative to its substrate-free structure and bound C/EBPα in a pseudosubstrate-like manner. Crystallographic analysis and molecular dynamics and subsequent biochemical assays showed that C/EBP binding triggered allosteric changes that link substrate recruitment to COP1 binding. These findings offer a view of pseudokinase regulation with striking parallels to bona fide kinase regulation—by means of the activation loop and αC helix—and raise the possibility of small molecules targeting either the activation "loop-in" or "loop-out" conformations of Tribbles pseudokinases.


We consider the effects of price and quality variety on competition in an online search model which features intrafirm frictions and deadlines. To focus on optimal monopolization strategies, we study a class of high-profit equilibria where the value for money variates within and across stores. We find that carrying more variants boosts profits: First, it makes it easier to discriminate between consumers with different information. Second, it amplifies the existing search frictions and creates implicit barriers to switching in an environment where none exist initially. Interestingly, firms can extract full surplus at the limit where the number of products reaches extremes. This describes a new mechanism for sustaining high markups on vertically differentiated products and shows that nearly monopolistic pricing can arise even under pure price competition – despite extensive consumer search. The general message is that what happens inside a store can be critical for understanding the structure of information and the intensity of competition in online markets where products are numerous and switching costs negligible.


Nowadays people want to reach their purpose of tour according to the tour types that were influenced by their values. And the tourists's values are...


We present the results of a large suite of three-dimensional models of the collapse of magnetic molecular cloud cores using the adaptive mesh refinement code Enzo2.2 in the ideal magnetohydrodynamics approximation. The cloud cores are initially either prolate or oblate, centrally condensed clouds with masses of 1.73 or 2.73 M☉, respectively. The radial density profiles are Gaussian, with central densities 20 times higher than boundary densities. A barotropic equation of state is used to represent the transition from low density isothermal phases, to high density optically thick phases. The initial magnetic field strength ranges from 6.3 to 100 μG, corresponding to clouds that are strongly to marginally supercritical, respectively, in terms of the mass to magnetic flux ratio. The magnetic field is initially uniform and aligned with the clouds' rotation axes, with initial ratios of rotational to gravitational energy ranging from 10−4 to 0.1. Two significantly different outcomes for collapse result: (1) formation of single protostars with spiral arms, and (2) fragmentation into multiple protostar systems. The transition between these two outcomes depends primarily on the initial magnetic field strength, with fragmentation occurring for mass to flux ratios greater than about 14 times the critical ratio for prolate clouds. Oblate clouds typically fragment into several times more clumps than prolate clouds. Multiple, rather than binary, system formation is the general rule in either case, suggesting that binary stars are primarily the result of the orbital dissolution of multiple protostar systems.


An abstract of the thesis of Cheri Buck-Perry for the Master of Arts in English presented May 3, 1995. TITLE: Authorizing the Reader: Narrative Construction in Sarah Orne Jewett's The Country of the Pointed Firs and Willa Cather's My Antonia. Although Willa Cather's My Antonia and Sarah Orne Jewett's The Country of the Pointed Firs have been highly regarded by numerous literary critics, neither text con/f,orms to conventional expectations for


In this paper ,we give the proof of a recursive construction and the existence for self converse DB(4,3;v) when υ≡2,6(mod 12) via the recursive construction.


Introduction Section 1: Africa Section 2: Iran/Afghanistan Section 3: Ottoman Empire Section 4: Russian Empire Section 5: South Asia Section 6: Southeast/East Asia


2003;124;1620-1621 Chest Giuseppe Fiorenzano and Maurizio Dottorini High-Altitude Pulmonary Edema http://chestjournal.chestpubs.org/content/124/4/1620.full.html services can be found online on the World Wide Web at: The online version of this article, along with updated information and ISSN:0012-3692 ) http://chestjournal.chestpubs.org/site/misc/reprints.xhtml ( written permission of the copyright holder. this article or PDF may be reproduced or distributed without the prior Dundee Road, Northbrook, IL 60062. All rights reserved. No part of Copyright2003by the American College of Chest Physicians, 3300 Physicians. It has been published monthly since 1935. is the official journal of the American College of Chest Chest


This paper presents a novel combination of 8-QAM trellis codes with multi-carrier code division multiple access (MCCDMA) and controlled equalization for multiuser downlink Rayleigh fading channel. In literature, minimum mean square error (MMSE) is known to be the optimal single user detection (SUD) technique. We show that the proposed system, with 16-state encoder and full system load, outperforms an equivalent system that uses MMSE as the equalization technique. Moreover, as the number of active users increase from single user load to a fully loaded system, error performance of the proposed system surpasses an equivalent system using MMSE. This suggests that the proposed system is more robust to multiple access interference (MAI) as compared to that with MMSE.


The M w 7.5 Sulawesi Earthquake 2018 was a catastrophic disaster that resulted in large numbers of casualties. This study aimed to investigate the damages of liquefaction-induced-flow failure in three areas in Palu city, i.e. Petobo, Balaroa, and Jono Oge. It was found that this flow failure occurred on a large scale at a very gentle ground inclination, ranging from 1 to 3%. In order to gain an understanding of the soil conditions in these specific locations, Portable Dynamic Cone Penetration Tests were conducted in Petobo. The results showed that the soil layers in the affected area were in a loose state compared to the non-affected areas. Furthermore, some spots of freshwater inundation were recognized in Petobo and Balaroa, even two weeks after the disaster. Based on this evidence, a mechanism of liquefaction-induced-flow failure caused by a confined aquifer is proposed.


Introductory note 1. Time and place 2. Puritanism, censorship and opposition to the theatre 3. Middleton as satirical journalist 4. Early satirical comedies 5. How anti-Puritan are Middleton's city comedies? 6. Money and morals in Middleton's city comedies 7. Middle years: tragi-comedy and moral comedy 8. City employments 9. Hard times and Hengist, King of Kent 10. Political satire: A Game at Chess 11. City tragedy 12. Drama and opposition, 1619-1640 13. From popular drama to leveller style: a postscript Appendices Index.


Abstract Cascade reactions are step-economical processes for the synthesis of complex molecules as they allow, in one step, the formation of multiple bonds. Over the last two decades cyclocarbopalladation has emerged as a powerful key step when integrated into these sequences and has allowed unprecedented valuable polycyclic scaffolds to be obtained. This review is focused on recent developments in this field including original cascade sequences, novel activation modes (C–H activation for instance) and unprecedented families of substrates. 1 Introduction 2 Formation of Carbocycles 2.1 4-exo Cyclocarbopalladation 2.2 5-exo Cyclocarbopalladation 2.3 5-endo Cyclocarbopalladation 2.4 Cyclocarbopalladation with Formation of Six-Membered Carbocycles 2.5 Cyclocarbopalladation with Formation of Seven-Membered Carbocycles 3 Formation of Heterocycles 3.1 Formation of Nitrogen Heterocycles 3.2 Formation of Oxygen Heterocycles 3.3 Formation of Sulfur Heterocycles 3.4 Formation of Silicon-Containing Heterocycles 4 Conclusion


For the reason why internal cash flow can influence investment there exist two al- ternative explanations,i.e.,Free-Cash-Flow Hypothesis associated with overinvestment and Asymmetric-Information Theory indicating underinvestment.Based on data of listed companies, we find that in the companies controlled by local governments or state-owned enterprises,the in- vestment-cash flow sensitivity decreases as the largest shareholder's holding increases;while in the companies controlled by central government,non-state-owned entities or natural persons,the sen- sitivity does not decline as the largest shareholder's holding increases.Our results suggest that there exist free-cash-flow problems in the companies controlled by local governments or state- owned enterprises.


In the drive-beam generation complex of CLIC there is an important beam transfer line between the drive-beam accelerator and the drive-beam decelerators, where the 30 GHz RF power is generated in the decelerator structures. The design proposed for this transport system is based on building blocks or beam optics subsystems, which have been individually studied in detail and can be combined in order to cover specific functions. One function consists of bending the beams wherever required by the geometrical layout, so as to preserve the bunch length and keep the bending are compact and compatible with acceptable synchrotron radiation. Other functions are to adjust the path length of each drive beam for synchronism with the main-linac beam and to compress or stretch the bunch according to the needs. Furthermore, there are vertical and horizontal beam translations, isochronous or acting as a compressor, and p-function transformers for matching the optics. All these functions are necessary in the drive-beam transfer that precedes injection into the decelerators.


This study presents an assessment of the use of a typical Japanese marine clay, Ariake clay, as a soil barrier and its application in a new proposed soil barrier system. Two types of heavy metals, Cd 2+ and Pb 2+ , are selected as key contaminants for laboratory diffusion testing. Using a commercially available contaminant transport software, the diffusion coefficients and partition coefficients were back-calculated from the results of the diffusion test. The diffusion coefficients are found to be consistent with previously published values. The lab test data were applied for evaluating the performance of a new barrier system in which the Ariake clay is utilized. Numerical analyses of contaminant transport through the barrier are performed to characterize the temporal variation in concentrations and mass flux of Cd 2+ and Pb 2+ in the aquifer underlying the landfill. The results show that within the long-term post-closure period, the concentrations of Cd 2+ and Pb 2+ were much lower than those regulated by the Japanese government, indicating that the new barrier system is effective. By parametric analysis, some factors controlling the performance of the proposed soil barrier system are discussed. Design parameters are recommended for practice.


Solar Cell performance analysis is very important for the design of an efficient photo voltaic (PV) based Micro-Grid. Solar Cell is at the heart of Micro-Grid technology. In this paper mathematical model of solar cell based on five parameters has been developed and simulated. The characteristics, current voltage (I-V) and power voltage (P-V) are obtained from the mathematical model that has been developed and analyzed for different operating conditions such as irradiations and temperatures. In this paper the performance characteristics of the developed mathematical model of the solar cell and the solar cell model available in MATLAB are compared. It is observed that the developed model is accurate enough to be considered for the development of a PV module and PV array for further analysis.


Addition of tungsten (1–2 at. %) is very effective in improving coercivity of (Nd,Dy)‐(Fe,Co)‐B sintered magnets both at room temperature and elevated temperatures in addition to improving thermal stability. Transmission electron microscopy shows that there exists a WFeB precipitate phase inside the Nd2Fe14B (2‐14‐1) matrix grain. The WFeB phase is plateletlike, and occasionally appears to have its largest dimension running parallel to the c axis of the 2‐14‐1 matrix phase. The orientation relationship between the WFeB precipitate and the matrix is found to be (102)WFeB∥(220)2‐14‐1, and [010]WFeB∥[002]2‐14‐1. Domain walls jump from a position alongside the WFeB particles to a new position alongside others upon turning on magnetic field of the objective lens, as evidenced by Lorentz microscopy, denoting the ability of domain‐wall pinning by the strain field around the WFeB precipitate. As a result, this provides extra hindrance to domain‐wall motion and leads to enhanced coercivity and thermal stability, p...


This article reports on simulations that show how, starting with a form of neural lattice structure, it is possible to reversibly generate many alternative isomers with a lower structural symmetry, which results from twisting two hexagons around a central bond.


In order to discuss the relationship among the initial water content, matric suction and swelling behaviors, both swelling behaviors and matric suction were measured in laboratory test. Results of swelling tests indicated that with the increase of initial water content, the maximum swelling pressure was reduced in a lower water content range and almost constant in the higher water content range. The maximum swelling strain was linearly reduced with the increase of initial water content. The influence of initial water content on the swelling behaviors was more obvious for specimens with higher initial dry density or lower sand content ratio. Relationship between matric suction and initial water content ratio was obtained, and results showed that matric suction decreased with the increase of water content for specimens with the same dry density, which was more obvious when the water content was less than 25%. The extent of the impact by water content, however, was found to be dependent upon the characteristics of the specimens such as initial dry density and sand content ratio.


Abstract The summer heat low system extending from Somalia across southeast Arabia to northwest India is the most extensive and intense on earth. Although it develops in the normal way over desert regions in response to the sun's zenithal march, it is maintained and intensified through the summer by subsidence of air originally lifted and warmed by the release of latent heat in monsoon rain systems to the east and south. The subsidence not only dominates West Pakistan, Arabia, and Somalia, but severely restricts low cloud formation over the central and western Arabian Sea. The heat low exports cyclonic vorticity in the middle and upper troposphere to the northern Arabian Sea. When a deep layer of moist air is present over the eastern part of this area, subtropical cyclogenesis occurs, producing a burst of west Indian monsoon rains. This in turn, by increasing subsidence above the heat low, intensifies the heat low and its associated low-level monsoon circulation. When the supply of moist air is cut off, t...


For much of the past twenty-five years, the US-led war on drugs has been premised on a fundamental misunderstanding of Colombian drug trade. Instead of being run by a handful of massive, price-fixing 'cartels', the Colombian drug trade, then and now, was characterized by a fluid social system where flexible exchange networks expanded and retracted according to market opportunities and regulatory constraints. To support this interpretation, I draw on primary and secondary source data I collected in Colombia and the US, including interviews with several dozen hard-to-reach informants. I analyze these data to analyze the organisational form and functioning of 'Colombian' trafficking networks, focusing on how these illicit enterprises communicate, coordinate their activities, and make decisions, with an eye towards deflating some of the more persistent myths that have grown up around these transnational enterprises.


A 35-year-old man presented with weakness, dyspnea, fevers, and mucosal bleeding. Complete blood count showed normocytic anemia (5.0 g/dL), severe thrombocytopenia (6000/mm 3 ), and circulating blasts. Bone marrow core biopsy was hypercellular, with 42% blasts and 14% eosinophils enumerated on the aspirate with a marrow fl ow cytometry showing CD34, CD117, and myeloperoxidase positive blasts, consistent with the diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). On examination of the aspirate (panels A-C, Wright-Giemsa stain, original magni fi cation 3 1000; panel D, Prussian blue iron stained, original magni fi cation 3 1000), in addition to the large population ofblasts(panelA,redarrow,originalmagni fi cation 3 1000),numerous mature and immature eosinophils were seen. Some eosinophils appeared dysplastic (panel B, black arrow, original magni fi cation 3 1000), some demonstrated dark purple proeosinophilic granules (panel A, blue arrow, original magni fi cation 3 1000), and rare neutrophils hadcytoplasmicAuer rods(panelB, green arrow,original magni fi cation 3 1000). Additionally, scattered pale nonpolarizing crystals were seen extracellularly (panel C, purple arrow, original magni fi cation 3 1000). A Prussian blue iron stained aspirate slide (panelD,originalmagni fi cation 3 1000)highlightednumerouscrystals. Red stain, a background stain used with the iron stain, abnormal eosinophils in the setting of AML, these nonpolarizing crystals are most consistent with Charcot-Leyden crystals. Cytoge-netics


The dynamics of a planar parallel mechanism, the equilateral five-bar linkage, is studied using reduction theory. Relative equilibria are described, and their stability is determined.


Objective To compare the value of 99mTc-octreotide scintigraphy and planar X-ray mammography in the diagnosis of breast cancer.Methods A total of 32 patients with suspected breast cancer were enrolled into this study.All patients underwent 99mTc-octreotide scintigraphy and planar X-ray mammography.The diagnostic efficiency of 99mTc-octreotide scintigraphy and planar X-ray mammography were compared based on the post-surgery pathology.Results The sensitivity of 99mTc-octreotide scintigraphy and planar X-ray mammography in the diagnosis of breast cancer was 91.67% and 66.67%,the specificity was 100% and 37.50%,the accuracy was 93.75% and 59.38%,respectively.Combining 99mTc-octreotide scintigraphy with planar X-ray mammography,the sensitivity,specificity,accuracy,positive predicting values and negative predicting values for breast cancer was 95.83%,100%,96.88%,82.14% and 47.06%,respectively.Conclusion The diagnostic efficiency of 99mTc-octreotide scintigraphy for breast cancer is superior to planar X-ray mammography.99mTc-octreotide scintigraphy combined with planar X-ray mammography,the diagnostic efficiency for breast cancer will be further improved.


This paper presents a kind of 5-unit mechanism in motion including its system structure and motion controlling principle,and explains the method to operate the finite-state machine and the fault-tolerance control technology.Based on these conceptions,the model of fault-tolerance control is built and the corresponding simulation algorithm is formulated.The result from simulation has proved that this method is practical and the model is correct,thus providing a good foundation for a further study of the motion fault-tolerance of any multi-unit mechnism in motion.


"Living" free-radical polymerization (LFRP) represents a promising technique to produce polymers with highly controlled structures. Several possible systems, such as nitroxide-mediated living polymerization1 (NMLP), degenerative transfer2 (DT), atom transfer living polymerization3 (ATRP), and reversible addition fragmentation polymerization4 (RAFT), have been tested extensively under bulk polymerization conditions. In particular, both ATRP and RAFT seem very promising since they can be applied to a broad range of monomers and at low temperatures. The industrial application of these systems is however unlikely, despite the advantages offered by LFRP in terms of polymer architecture control. Emulsion polymerization could overcome many existing problems connected to the LFRP industrial development, since (i) it accepts water as reaction medium, (ii) it achieves large reaction rates together with high solid content, and (iii) it represents a well-established commercial process. However, only a few applications of LFRP in emulsion are reported in the literature. Seeded5 and ab initio6 NMLP of styrene with TEMPO have been attempted. In general, the high-temperature values required by TEMPO to be effective (g110 °C) made the latex unstable, besides leading to strong chain transfer to monomer. Qui et al.7 performed a reverse ATRP of styrene, with good results in terms of control of the molecular weight distribution (MWD), but with low productivities. Furthermore, the final particle size distribution (PSD) characterized by a relatively large average particle diameter (dn ) 2.51 μm) indicates the presence of coagulation. In this work a new process is presented that allows to realize simultaneously high productivity and good MWD control.


ABSTRACT- INTRODUCTION Gallbladder perforation is an unusual presentation that is rarely diagnosed preoperatively in a case of acute abdomen. It has a high mortality rate between 15- 45 percent because of delay in diagnosis. Timely intervention by an expert surgical team is the key in reducing morbidity and mortality.AIM To stress the importance of gallbladder perforation which should always be borne in mind as one of the differential diagnosis of acute abdomen because timely and optimal intervention saves the life of the patient. METHODS We present a series of 8 cases of gallbladder perforation which we encountered in our institution between August 2009 to August 2011. All cases presented with features of acute abdomen.These patients were diagnosed to have perforation based on their clinical presentation. All the patients were taken up for emergency laparotomy. Open cholecystectomy with peritoneal lavage and drainage was performed. Patients were given intensive post-op care, complications when encountered were managed accordingly.RESULTS All our patients presented with clinical features suggestive of perforative peritonitis The mean duration between admission and surgery was around 8 hrs. 6 had type I perforation and 2 had type II perforation with fundus being the most common site affected. One patient died of sepsis in the early post operative period.CONCLUSION-An aggressively oriented investigation strategm and surgical treatment of gallbladder perforation are of crucial importance in significantly reducing the morbidity and mortality of this condition which remained high throughout the literature.