The lack of professionals specialized in key issues for modern industry at the entrance of the digital supply chain and of accelerated changes in technology is a variable in most Latin American countries. At the international level, the "dual learning system" model has emerged that combines the theoretical training of the university with the practice in the organization, in a way that strengthens the knowledge of the apprentices to ensure business requirements and, at the same time, develop their own employability. The objective of the article is to publicize the acceptance of the dual model in the state of San Luis Potosí, covering the educational program in Higher University Technician in Logistics in the Supply Chain area based on interviews and surveys applied to students and internal staff of the organization. As a result, the deductive methodology was applied for the identification of fundamental variables in order to develop an analytical model that seeks to determine the processes of the logistics chain within the organizational scope.


Gas/oil separation can often be accompanied by unwanted foaming. To study this phenomenon, 20 crude oils were subjected to low-pressure foaming experiments. Eleven of the crudes were from offshore platforms where foaming occurs regularly. Two foaming parameters, foam volume (or foamability) and collapse slope (i.e. the rate of foam collapse in the absence of sparge gas), were compared with several crude oil properties, namely, density, bulk viscosity, surface tension, asphaltene and resin content, asphaltene and resin molecular weight, and asphaltene and resin heteroatom content. For asphaltenic crudes, collapse slope was found to correlate with asphaltene content as well as several other crude oil properties:  density, viscosity, and surface tension. Foam volume did not relate to any asphaltenic crude oil property. However, for crudes having little to no asphaltenes, foam volume, not collapse slope, strongly related to crude oil surface tension. For low asphaltenic crudes, results further indicate that r...


English plays an important role as a medium of communication in the globalization era. Considering the importance of English, Indonesian government issued the decree no 20/2003 about the establishment of international standard schools in every level of education. It aims to create quality Indonesian human resources who are able to compete and collaborate globally so that Indonesia can compete with other countries. As the attainment of the decree, nowadays there are many international standard schools from primary until high school level. English in international standard primary school is used as a medium of instruction. The teachers are expected to be able to teach all the subjects in English which is neither the students' first language nor the teachers'. Teaching using English is especially more difficult if the students are children of the first grade of primary school who have no English background knowledge at all. Therefore, it is interesting to investigate the use of English as a medium of instruction in the first grade of international standard primary school. This study was conducted to describe the use of English as a medium of instruction in the first grade of the International Laboratory Primary School of Universitas Negeri Malang (UM). The study specifically investigated the frequency of the teacher in using English as a medium of instruction, the purpose of the teacher uses English in her/his instruction, and the strategies the teacher does to make her/his talk understandable. This study applied descriptive design. The subject of the study was one of the teachers of the first grade of the International Laboratory Primary School of Universitas Negeri Malang (UM). The instruments used to collect the data were observation forms, interview guide, and field notes. The data taken from those instruments were analyzed and described, focusing on the frequency, the purpose, and the strategies. This study found out that the use of English as a medium of instruction in the first grade class being observed reached about 88% of the total amount of the utterances spoken by the teacher. She used English for almost all of purposes. She used it to greet the students, instruct, discipline, present the material, ask and give information, check students' comprehension, give feedback, and praise the students. She only used Indonesian (L1) in some special conditions that urged her to do so to gain the purpose of the talk and the goal of the lesson: to convey the moral of the lesson, to give feedback to noisy students, to translate the meaning of the target language when she had no other way to make the students understand her talk, to recheck and clarify students' understanding, and to do private talk with the students. To provide comprehensible input in making the students understand her talk, she did some linguistic and interactional adjustments. In linguistic adjustments, the teacher used slower rate of speech, exaggerated intonation and stress, basic and frequent vocabulary, more proper nouns, more definite pronouns, more pauses, short sentences, and ungrammatical sentences. While in interactional adjustments, the teacher did a lot of comprehension check, a lot of repetitions and paraphrasing. She also made use of gestures, pictures, direct translation, and direct answer. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the use of English as a medium of instruction in the first grade of the International Laboratory Primary School of Universitas Negeri Malang (UM) was very well established. However, it is suggested for the teacher to explore more of her ability in using body language, gestures and facial expression to attract and engage the students' attention. Moreover, it is also beneficial for the teacher to use more of concrete referents such as props, realia, and manipulatives to help the students understand her talk better. Those two things can make talk more comprehensible.


Recently Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have been incorporated into many Computer Vision (CV) models. They not only bring performance improvement to many CV-related tasks but also provide more explainable decomposition to these CV models. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of how GNNs are applied to various CV tasks, ranging from single image classification to crossmedia understanding. It also provides a discussion of this rapidly growing field from a frontier perspective. Siliang Tang, College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University e-mail: siliang@zju. edu.cn Wenqiao Zhang, College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, e-mail: wenqiaozhang@ zju.edu.cn Zongshen Mu, College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, e-mail: zongshen@zju. edu.cn Kai Shen, College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, e-mail: shenkai@zju. edu.cn Juncheng Li, College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, e-mail: junchengli@zju. edu.cn Jiacheng Li, College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, e-mail: lijiacheng@zju. edu.cn Lingfei Wu JD.COM Silicon Valley Research Center, e-mail: email@example.com


The title compound, (C10H10N2)[Sb2(C7H2NO5)2(OH)2(H2O)2]·2H2O, consists of a binuclear anion, a diprotonated 4,4′-bipyridinium cation and two uncoordinated water molecules. Each SbIII atom is six-coordinated by one chelating 4-oxidopyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate ligand, one water molecule, one OH group and one bridging O atom from a neighboring carboxylate group in a distorted pentagonal-pyramidal geometry, with the OH group at the apical position. The two pyridine rings in the bipyridinium cation are twisted with respect to each other, making a dihedral angle of 22.7 (1)°. The cations are connected to the anions by N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a chain. The coordinated water molecules form hydrogen bonds with the oxido O atoms of the anion, building a two-dimensional sheet, which is further connected into a three-dimensional structure by O—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and C=O⋯π interactions [O⋯centroid distances = 3.1785 (17), 3.4737 (19) and 3.5685 (19) Å].


The Arctic seismic program of 1964 and 1965 comprised two refraction profiles between Prince Patrick Island and Melville Island, and one refraction profile extending 192 km onto the ocean northwest of Brock Island. Numerous intermediate layer (P1) and upper mantle (Pn) events were also recorded on paths not confined to the profiles, thus allowing a "time-term" analysis for these events.High-velocity layers within the sedimentary section cause a velocity inversion problem, whereby the lower velocity and depth of the underlying basement complex is not revealed by the seismic refraction method. The bottom of the basement complex is marked by the intermediate layer having a compressional wave velocity of about 6.25 km/s and depths near 10 km.Velocity of Pn events is 8.18 km/s and these were recorded near the critical distance at one station, providing an estimate of the time-term to depth conversion factor of 9.56 km/s. Pn events traversing Eglinton Island and the west coast of Melville Island show excess tim...


Coronavirus is a viral irresistible sickness brought about by SARSCOV2. Its clinical signs and side effects are on an expansive range going from asymptomatic to serious confusions like multi-organ disappointment, thromboembolism, and extreme pneumonia with respiratory disappointment. More awful results and higher death rates have been accounted for in the old, individuals with co-morbidities, and malnourished people. Sustenance is central to acceptable wellbeing and safe capacity. It frames an essential segment of therapy modalities for different intense and persistent infections, particularly where a causative therapy isn't yet perceived. Despite the fact that reviews tending to the part of explicit supplements in COVID-19 are still at a beginning phase, accessible proof recommends that addressing the necessities of a variety of large scale and miniature supplements (energy, proteins, fats, nutrients A, D, E, C, B nutrients, iron, selenium, zinc, and so forth) Additionally, supplements are


As the first foreign language in Chinese educational environment, the impact of English on the future development of students is enormous. College English writing teaching is the only one teaching link to cultivate students' English writing ability, which is essential for the cultivation of students' English writing ability. In order to cultivate students 'English writing literacy, more and more teaching methods have been applied. As one of the most representative teaching methods, task-based teaching method has made great contribution to the improvement of students' English writing ability. In order to play the role, it must have a deeper study and discussion on the application of the task based teaching in college English writing teaching.


The Russian-sponsored influence campaign targeting the 2016 US Presidential Elections surprised policy-makers and scholars, highlighting a gap in theories of (cyber) power. Russia had used information technologies to project power, yet more subtly than prevailing militarized conceptions of cyber power predicted. Rather than causing damage and disruption, it turned sources of American power into vulnerabilities. Recent scholarship emphasizes this mechanism's technological novelty. Instead, I argue this campaign demonstrated the importance of an undertheorized instrument of power: subversion. Integrating Intelligence scholarship and International Relations theory, this article develops an innovative theory of subversion as reverse structural power. Structural power shapes structures of interaction and the capacities of structural positions to the benefit of the holder of such power. Subversion reverses these benefits into harms. It exploits vulnerabilities in structures to secretly manipulate them, leveraging the capacities of structural positions to produce outcomes neither expected nor intended by the holders of structural power. Traditional subversion targets social structures, while cyber operations target sociotechnical structures: namely, Information Communications Technologies (ICTs) embedded in modern societies. The targeted structures differ, yet both rely on subversive techniques of exploitation that reverse structural power. Cyber operations are means of subversion. This theory helps explain two unresolved issues in cybersecurity: the capability–vulnerability paradox and the outsize role of non-state actors. Finally, I demonstrate the theory's utility in a plausibility probe, examining the 2016 Election Interference Campaign. It shows this campaign did not use new "weapons," but rather integrated traditional and sociotechnical means of subversion.


: This study reports on how a cohort of 16 especially accomplished undergraduate STEM majors narrate their literacy histories, experience learning to write in the sciences during their college years, and reflect on their priorities for writing more generally. These participants report largely positive early schooling experiences with writing; attribute progress in learning scientific writing during their college years more to the social networks of their undergraduate research labs than to traditional writing-intensive courses; associate "writing" more with personal agency than with assimilation to a disciplinary discourse community; assign more meaning to writing that is personal, narrative, public, and/or novel than technical; and believe that writing should serve multiple purposes, at once within and beyond their home STEM disciplines. Some of these findings disrupt the novice-to-expert assumptions of WID theory and suggest a latent demand for writing courses that depart from traditional technical communication and writing-in-the-major offerings. our highest performing STEM undergraduates negotiate their writing lives. This study opens that line of inquiry by focusing on a small and especially accomplished group of undergraduate STEM majors. These students are exemplars of emerging expertise who have apprenticed themselves to their chosen fields through stellar academic performance, sustained undergraduate research, aspirations to pursue advanced study in top graduate programs and medical schools, and successful disciplinary writing as manifest in honors theses and engineering design projects. Some are even co-authors on peer-reviewed articles


: In a company, verifying the best employees is practically very essential. Knowing the best employees or understanding each employee's performance can be an advantage for the company to evaluate the whole company's performance and improve the lack. Determining the best employees is also necessary for giving appreciation to employees and is expected to be able to expand the performance and morale of employees. This study aims to build a Decision Support Model (DSM) to determine the best employee using a combination of fuzzy logic and profile matching methods. In developing the model, there are twelve selected parameters considered; i.e., performance problem diagnosis, problem-solving, preventive action, concept, time management, disciplinary, work management, efficiency, education, support skills, and business workflow. Finally, the model has been methodologically constructed. It is operated in determining the best employee (especially for mechanic staff in workshop) thru evaluating all employees' performance.


The author details the results of his research into the early history of the famed "Terra Sancta College" - the most prominent physical presence of the Catholic Church in West Jerusalem - its origin in the unrealised vision of a Catholic institution of tertiary education, and the complex ecclesiastical and political factors that led the enterprise in the different direction that it eventually took, until what had become an important institution of secondary education was forced, by war and its aftermath, to cease operation.


Topological degree theory is one of the most powerful tool to study the existence of solutions for nonlinear operator equation.In this paper,the existence of solutions for a class of nonlinear operator equation is studied by virtue of the topological degree in Z-P-S space,and some new conclusions are obtained.


A series of mechanistic studies reported here has revealed fundamental information about the individual steps of palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions. In one case, the oxidative addition of PhX (X = I, Br, Cl) to the complexes Pd(PtBu3)2 (1), Pd(1-AdPtBu2)2(2), Pd(CyPtBu2)2 (3), and Pd(PCy3)2 (4) (1-Ad = 1-adamantyl, Cy = cyclohexyl) was studied to determine the effect of steric properties on the coordination number of the species that undergoes oxidative addition and to determine whether the type of halide affects the identity of this species. The kinetic data imply that the number of phosphines coordinated to the complex that reacts in the irreversible step of the oxidative addition process for complexes 1???4 depends more on the halide than on the steric properties of the ligands. The rate-limiting step of the oxidative addition of PhI occurred with L2Pd(0) in all cases, as determined by the lack of dependence of kobs on [PtBu3], [1-AdPtBu2], or [CyPtBu2] and the inverse dependence of the rate constant on [PCy3] when the reaction was initiated with Pd(PCy3)3. The irreversible step of the oxidative addition of PhCl occurred with a monophosphine species in each case, as signaled by an inverse dependence of the rate constant on the concentration of ligand. The irreversible step of the oxidative addition of PhBr occurred with a bisphosphine species, as signaled by the zeroth-order or small dependence of the rate constant on the concentration of phosphine. Thus, the additions of the less reactive chloroarenes occur through lower-coordinate intermediates than additions of the more reactive haloarenes.
An unusual autocatalytic mechanism for oxidative addition of bromobenzene to Pd(PtBu3)2 was also observed when reactions were run in the absence of strong base. Studies on the effect of various additives showed that the degree of rate acceleration followed the trend: (PtBu3)Pd(Ph)(Br) ??? (HPtBu3)Br < [(PtBu3)Pd(??-Br)]2 < (PtBu3)2Pd(H)(Br). Studies on the reactions of Pd(PtBu3)2 in the presence of (PtBu3)2Pd(H)(Br) showed that the concentration of (PtBu3)2Pd(H)(Br) decreased only after the Pd(0) complex had been consumed. These data indicated that the catalyst in this process is (PtBu3)2Pd(H)(Br). Thermal decomposition of the three-coordinate oxidative addition product (PtBu3)Pd(Ar)(Br) during the reaction of Pd(PtBu3)2 and bromoarenes ultimately leads to formation of (PtBu3)2Pd(H)(Br). Parallel reactions of bromobenzene with (PtBu3)2Pd(H)(Br) and Pd(PtBu3)2 showed that the bromoarenes reacted considerably faster with the Pd(II) species than with the Pd(0) species. We therefore propose a catalytic cycle for oxidative addition in which PtBu3???HBr reacts with the Pd(0) species to form (PtBu3)2Pd(H)(Br), and (PtBu3)2Pd(H)(Br) reacts with the bromoarene, possibly though the anionic species [HPtBu3+][(PtBu3)Pd(Br)???], to form [Pd(PtBu3)(Ar)(Br)].
In a separate study, the isolation and reactivity of a series of ???ligandless,??? anionic arylpalladium complexes of the general structure [Pd(Ar)Br2]22??? were conducted.…


When trying to sublimate James Joyce"s thoughts on the conditions of art in his time, critics have mainly approached his novels A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man and Ulysses. The character to receive a major critical attention on Joyceans" discussions on art, artists and Aestheticism has been Stephen Dedalus. This is a logical and expected consequence of the strong autobiographical connection between character and creator. The intention of this paper is, firstly, to provide a theoretical framework from which to discuss the stance of art and artists from the late nineteenth-century onwards and, secondly, to focus the limelight on earlier Joycean portrayals of artists in two stories in Dubliners, namely "A Mother" and "A Little Cloud." It will be my point that the artists featuring in these stories account for a materialistic vision of the harsh conditions for artistic production in turn-of-the-century Ireland.


Scientia Fungorum (SF) is a new mycological journal that recovers the history of the Revista Mexicana de Micologia (RMM). The RMM was first published in 1968 as the Boletin de la Sociedad Mexicana de Micologia, of which 20 volumes (1968-1984) were published. The RMM appeared in 1985 and, until December 2016, forty-four more volumes were published. Over 49 years, the RMM published 773 papers with the participation of 936 authors and more than 150 institutions from 27 countries. Among the topics covered are Biodiversity, Phytopathology, Mushroom Cultivation and Medical Mycology. Scientia Fungorum intends to redefine the approach and the scope of the journal, giving it a more universalist perspective, with an editorial concept and a Latin name that reaffirms the universal and integral nature of science. The journal aims to move quickly to electronic edition. From the second half of 2017, SF will use an electronic manager to streamline the editorial production process and the full content of its 49-year history will then be available as open access material. In this new phase, SF will be the heir that will give continuity to what is now the only specialized Mycology journal in Latin America.


To fulfill the growing demand of industrial goods, companies are keeping more inventories as a business trick. As keeping inventory database management system is very costly, industrial companies are switching to the manual management system which is done with unfriendly report usually. This research investigates the influence of a database management system for industrial inventory and developed a system which will be very less costly to launch, more efficient and more reliable. Visual Basic 2017 has been used to develop the front-end of the software. SQL server has been used to create the back-end of the software. The system has an error of zero tolerance because the scheme of coding of the database and debugging the codes guarantees that the errors can be specified and solved within very less time. The system will reduce costs, number of errors and make the whole management more versa-tile. This database system has been developed also to determine the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) and Reorder Level (ROL) and also to decrease the stock-outs. This inventory database management system is newly treated and can also be used for various vending under vendor managed inventory. This work will also help the researchers to compare the automated system of keeping inventory with a manual approach.


The invention discloses a method for setting a tool through sparkle identification and an automatic system for grinding processing. The method and the system achieve the intelligent automatic control for the whole grinding process and accurately and reliably solve the problem of automatic tool setting, the problem of dimension compensation caused by the abrasion of a grinding wheel, and the problems of on-line dimension measurement and motion servo control in the grinding process. The method organically combines a vision technique, a PLC technique and a motion control technique, and provides a solution for solving the problems of tool setting, on-line dimension measurement and grinding wheel wear compensation by using the vision technique, and the problem of motion servo control by using the PLC technique and the motion control technique. The method makes use of the vision technique to automatically identify the operating condition contacted with a workpiece, and switch the operating condition to a grinding processing state instantly so as to solve the problem of automatic tool setting, thus the method can combine a plurality of mature correlation techniques to construct the automatic system which integrates detection and motion control. The method and the automatic system achieve the accurately automatic tool setting, solve the problems of the wear measurement and compensation of the grinding wheel, and open up a novel approach for fully automatic and intelligent control in the grinding process.


There are manyfactor considered as barrier for government bureaucracy to achive good and clean government, as such: Corruption practice conducted by bureacracy officer and the effort to extinguish the corruption still facing some barrier, Law as the basic of government activities, has not been obeyed caused by the weakness of law enforcement, most of bureaucracy officer in using a power tends trespassing the limit of power, unsystematic government leadership, lack of moral causes the control of public can be doned, The authonomy is not folly given by central government that causes authonomy local government will depend again to central government andthe impact is the good governance is seem difficult to be realized. The improvement or increasing the quality of moral and mental is being a main priority to be doned as a good moral and mental will able overcome all barrier factor mentioned before.


Photons performing quantum random walks can be used to calculate matrix properties without actually implementing quantum logic gates. [Also see Reports by Childs et al., Broome et al., and Spring et al.] Quantum computers are expected to be able to solve mathematical problems that are not feasible on a classical computer. Although considerable progress has already been made, building a full-scale quantum computer would require controlled interactions between the quantum bits, or qubits, in order to implement the logic operations required for addition, subtraction, and multiplication. On pages 798 and 794 of this issue, Spring et al. (1) and Broome et al. (2), as well as Tillmann et al. (3), have shown that quantum systems—in this case, photons interacting along waveguides—could outperform a classical computer for certain kinds of matrix calculations without the need for logic operations.


The article features an introspective conceptual and semantic analysis of paroemias with anthroponyms children / child and their secondary nominations. The analysis included linguoculturological correspondence between the components of Ukrainian and Russian paroemiological world images, verbalizing the valueaxiological content of the microconcept children. A comparative study of the paroemiological world images in closely related languages (Ukrainian and Russian) in the microconcept children showed the predominance of similar conceptual and semantic directions for assessing the role of both parents and children and their environment, places of residence, reflection on family relationships, and differences in lexico-grammatical formalization. In Ukrainian paroemia with the microconcept children, the ethno-cultural component proved to be more obvious; an appeal to the subject associates of certain conductor concepts was revealed. In Russian, sacred associates predominated. There were inconsistencies in the verbalization of those or other moral principles that postulate paremean contexts of closely related languages. Both Russian and Ukrainian paroemiological world images conceptualized the basic oppositional (us – them, small – large, natives – relatives) and non-oppositional meaning to reflect the value-axiological content of the microconcept children. The basic frames of such paroemias are education, love, protection, support, and material and spiritual state of the family.


This paper presents the radio channel measurement system applied to an ultra wideband (UWB) context. The channel probing is done in frequency domain using network analyser as a receiver. The system is modified to allow wireless connection between the transmitterand receiver-ends of the system. Due to the modifications long distance radio channel measurements are possible.


Based on the theory of fault reconstruction, the determination of the principal components in PCA (principal component analysis) model is studied, thus analyzing the performance of PCA model. In the fault diagnosis based on PCA theory, the faulty variables can be reconstructed in the direction of vectorized faults data, with the variance of reconstruction error (VRE) projected separately onto principal component sub-space (PCS) and residual sub-space (RS). An optimal reconstruction is convincing only if the sum of all VREs in both PCS and RS come to minimum, among which the corresponding principal components are referred to as optimum principal components. An evaluation is carried out for the performance of PCA model by virtue of cumulative percent variance (CPV) and multi-correlation coefficients. The results show that the principal components determined as above in PCA model can ensure enough information in PCS. The reasonableness and effectiveness of the determination method is proved through a fault diagnosis for industrial PVC polymerization process.


Background : Xerosis is a term for dry skin that often occurs on the part of the
lower leg, heel, elbow, and fingers. Xerosis is because due to lack of moisture due
to the loss of limpid and natural mosturizing factor of the stractum corneum
Purpose : To know the implementation of physiotherapy in reducing xerosis in
both lower limbs and maintaining skin elasticity with Hydrotherapy modalities,
SPA with massage and exercise therapy techniques..
Conclusion : After therapy for 6 times in the results of decreased xerosis in both
lower limbs. ODSS from T0: 3 to T6: 2, with the ODSS scale it can be concluded
that there is a decrease in xerosis.
Conclution: Hydrotherapy and SPA can decrease xerosis and exercise therapy
can maintain skin elasticity.


The oceanographic engineering equipment are listed as national priority industrial project in "twelfth-five years plan".To promote the oceanographic engineering equipment industry,we must realize the key technical breakthrough from three aspects;first,offshore drilling platform technology;Second,sea drilling ship,engineering work ship and auxiliary ship's technology;Third,key systematic and supplementary equipment technology.


In the book Typological Change in Chinese Syntax, I claim that Old Chinese (OC) was typologically a "mixed language". Old Chinese was not an analytic language as it has usually been treated; it employed phonological, morphological, and lexical devices as well as syntactic means. Grammatical relations were expressed in OC by hidden devices such as alternation between voiced and unvoiced initials, ablaut and tonal changes, and so on. From the Han onwards, the Chinese language began to exploit overt devices, i.e. syntax, to compensate for the loss in phonological and morphological means. Unearthed texts have been long neglected by some scholars of Classical Chinese and are worth more consideration. Overall, the book shows that, since the Han, the Chinese language has fully exploited syntactic devices to the detriment of phonological and morphological devices. This irresistible development means that the syntactic needs originated from the language itself. If the morphology in OC was wiped out, the reason seems to be that the one character–one syllable development, urged perhaps by the rise of tones, was not favourable to recording a morpheme containing more than one syllable or clusters. The book advances the hypothesis that the Chinese language underwent typological changes.
Chapter 1 From Old Chinese to Middle Chinese: Word order and word order change, demonstrates that the word order in OC was not homogeneous: VO and OV word orders coexisted, and VO predominates in the oracle bone inscriptions. In the pre-Han classics, it is clear that OV word order appeared under the syntactic condition that the preverbal object was a pronoun in interrogative and negative sentences. In contemporary Chinese, VO word order is dominant. This corresponds to the observations of Greenberg (1963) and Dryer (1992) that VO languages tend to be prepositional, since Chinese mostly uses prepositions, although it has kept a few postpositions. According to various observations, the Chinese language is undoubtedly a VO language, even though some phrases exhibit syntactic properties of an OV language. I thus assume that, typologically, Chinese was not and is not a pure language type.
In Chapter 2 Orientation of verbs in Old Chinese, I showed how the orientation of verbs in OC (specifically late OC) was marked. I argued that OC represents a mixed language type in which different devices were used to express syntactic relations. I observed phonological and morphological devices, and specifically studied syntactic devices. In late OC, phonological devices were on the decline and the few traces remaining were hidden in poems and phonetic series or noted in rhyme dictionaries. In contrast to the decline of phonological devices, syntactic devices developed significantly and became dominant. In classical texts, especially in excavated texts, I find numerous examples in which the change of the verb position marks different relations between the agent and the patient.
In Chapter 3 Causative structures in Old Chinese, I show that different devices worked together in OC to express a causative meaning. The volition of a verb was not indicated by syntax but by morphological and phonological means. Evidently, the syntactic causative was not sufficient for the evolution of the Chinese language, which tended to mark different grammatical relations more and more by syntactic means. In other words, other syntactic constructions appeared and developed conforming to the historical trends of the Chinese language. In Middle Chinese, pivot constructions flourished in this context. In these constructions, the verb kept its status and was not grammaticalized.
Chapter 4 The rise of resultative compounds indicates that the rise of resultative verb (VR) compounds in Chinese marks an important typological change in Chinese. It indicates that the Chinese language developed from a verb–framed language to a satellite–framed language (Talmy 2000). Phonological and morphological means could no longer satisfy syntactic development. The evolution of the verb po is significant. In contemporary Chinese dictionaries, it is classified either as a verb or as an adjective; this is because it has to choose one syntactic position depending on the start point of an action or its end point. Apparently, po changed from a typical transitive verb to a pseudo–adjective: it consistently indicates the end point of an action.
In the end negative particles are investigated in Chapter 5 Negation in Old Chinese. In this chapter, I briefly examined the negative particles of OC and their simplification. My analyses are based mainly on the comparison of transmitted classics with excavated versions and demonstrate that the differences rest in periods and regions rather than in morphology or syntax. I am interested in the time around the Han Dynasty (206 BC–220 AD). My approach has taken into account not only the syntax of these texts, an elementary and indispensable criterion, but also their graph forms, a significant clue in this research, and finally their phonology, a useful tool in understanding OC texts. My study again shows that OC was not a typologically homogeneous language, but a mixed language in which a morphology, though weak, existed.


Objective:To establish a fluorogenic quantitative polymerase chain reaction(FQ-PCR) method for the routine quantification of HLA-B27 gene.Methods: The HLA-B27 standard gene was obtained by in vitro amplification of cloned HLA-B27 fragment in plasmid PGEM-T Easy Vector.FQ-PCR product was detected using a DA 7600 sequence detector system and obtained HLA-B27 standard curve to quantity HLA-B27 of unknown sample.Results: FQ-PCR generated "S" kinetics curve of PCR amplification constructed by relating the fluorescence signal intensity(△Rn) to the cycle number;The standard curve of HLA-B27 was constructed by the linear relationship between the cycle threshold(ct) and the log of starting copy number.The high correlation(0.999) reveal the reliability of FQ-PCR.Conclusion: The FQ-PCR is a rapid,sensitive and reliable method for quantification of HLA-B27 gene.


High Power Microwave technology has matured to the point where practical Elec- troMagnetic Pulse (1) weapons are becoming technically feasible, with applications in Electronic Combat, Offensive Counter-Air, Combat Air Support and in Strategic Air Attack. The current development of conventional ElectroMagnetic Pulse devices allows their use in non-nuclear confrontations. This paper proposes a doctrinal foundation for the use of such devices in warhead and bomb applications. † Carlo Kopp is currently working on a PhD in Computer Science. He is also a practising computer industry consultant who has specialised in computer systems, communications and operating systems software. He has prior industry R&D experience both as high speed electronic design engineer and systems integrator. As a Defence Technology Analyst writing for Australian Aviation journal in Canberra, he has produced technical fea- tures on modern military aviation since 1980. His other interests include the strategy, tactics and history of air warfare and electronic warfare, and private flying, particularly aerobatics and formation flying. He has con- tributed to the Royal Australian Air Force Air Power Studies Centre's working papers series since 1992. 1 ElectroMagnetic Pulse or EMP device is a generic term applied to any device, nuclear or conventional, which is capable of generating a very intense but short electromagnetic field transient. For weapons applications, this transient must be sufficiently intense to produce electromagnetic power densities which are lethal to electronic and electrical equipment. EMP weapons are EMP devices specifically designed as weapons. This paper concen- trates upon the application of High Power Microwave (HPM) bombs, a category of EMP devices which use con- ventional explosives and operate in the microwave frequency bands. The terms 'conventional EMP weapon' and 'High Power Microwave weapon' will be used interchangeably in this paper, reflecting current usage in US journals (see footnote 2). This paper will not address the usage of nuclear EMP, or alternate uses of HPM tech- nology. HPM technology has a broad range of potential applications in EW, radar and directed energy weapons


Previous work with PEK, PEEK and nylon has shown a close correlation between the rapid increase in yield stress as a function of strain rate of these semi-crystalline polymers at strain rates > 10 3 s -1 and the crystallinity content of samples recovered after a test. It has been speculated that the crystallinity increase may be partially responsible for the flow stress increase. This paper describes work carried out to extend the previous work to PET and has confirmed that the correlation also holds for PET. An extensive investigation into the morphology of tested strain limited PET samples using X-rays and scanning calorimetry has shown that the crystallinity does not develop until the latter part of a test and that crystallinity changes cannot therefore contribute to yield and flow stress increases.


The invention relates to a method and device for restoring an address of a function modified by a third party dynamic link library. The method and device for restoring the address of the function modified by the third party dynamic link library comprises the following steps of obtaining a function name and the function address with a current process being modified by the third party dynamic link library; obtaining an original function address of the current process function; comparing to obtain the original function address which is corresponding to the function name modified by the third party dynamic link library according to the address of the original function address of the current process function; replacing the function address of the function name modified by the third party dynamic link library by the original function address which is corresponding to the function name. According to the method and device for restoring the address of the function modified by the third party dynamic link library, the original function address which is corresponding to the function name is found after the function name and the function address modified by the third party dynamic link library are obtained, the modified function address is replaced by the original function address, the original function address of the function is restored, the function is effectively prevented from being tampered by malicious virus, and the information safety is improved.


The latest journal impact factor (IF) has given the Journal a positive boost and we wanted to provide some historic context, while also updating readers on recent changes and our future plans. The International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (IJTLD) is the flagship journal of the Union, and has played an important role in the fight against TB. Evolving from the former Bulletin of the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (IUTLD), via Tubercle and Lung Disease, it became the IJTLD in 1997. The Journal has long been the leading global journal on TB for national TB programmes, and now covers all aspects of lung disease and lung health for international organisations and research groups. Our primary focus is on research with a clinical, programmatic and public health focus.


Intrinsic photoconduction in polyethylene (PE) and its dependence on temperature have been investigated in the photon energy range between 7 eV and 11.5 eV. The band gap of PE is evaluated from the photoconduction spectra. The rise time of the photocurrent increases exponentially with the reciprocal of the temperature, corresponding to a decrease in the carrier mobilities at lower temperatures. In low-density PE, the steady photocurrent increases greatly with temperature in the room-temperature region but saturates at 40°–50°C, tending to decrease slightly at higher temperatures, regardless of the applied field and the light intensity. Photoconduction in high-density PE has very different features compared with that in low-density PE. The temperature and crystallinity dependences seem to suggest the migration of ionic spieces in low-density PE.


Insomnia is prevalent among patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Research indicates that sleep disruption may amplify clinical pain by altering central pain modulation, suggesting that treatment of insomnia may improve pain. The aims of this study were to evaluate the efficacy of cognitive–behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT‐I) in patients with knee OA, to determine whether improvements in sleep predict reduced pain, and to determine whether alterations in pain modulation mediate improvements in clinical pain.


Traditionally, universities have sought to maintain or enhance their competitive position with activities chiefly directed at student recruitment, particularly through the use of aggressive promotional activities. With the tumult and dynamism in the present environment, university administrators cannot rely primarily on student recruitment efforts successfully. Rather, they will need to be proactive and innovative. They will need to adopt a strategic marketing approach and enfold it into their strategic management activities. And by becoming more market oriented, insightful academic administrators will likely engage in learning oriented of marketplace. The main objective of this research is to study the impact of organizational learning on market orientation of Agricultural Higher Education Departments. A questionnaire was used to collect information from respondents. In this study, a sample of 50 faculty members were selected, using "Proportional Random Sampling" method. Data for this study were collected through personal interviews, and Wood and Bhutan market orientation scale was used to specify the dimensions of a market-oriented organization. The data was analyzed using canonical correlation. The findings of the study revealed that market orientation scale provide a good measure of market orientation in this setting. Also, the results of analyses indicated a significant relationship between organizational learning and market orientation of Higher Education Agriculture Departments of Tehran University. In this regard, team working and system thinking as the elements of the organizational learning are more important. It is concluded that, departments and colleges with both orientations could be able to cover and respond to explicit and latent environmental forces through a combination of adaptive and generative learning which enable innovative and reactive marketplace behaviors


(57) Abstract: furniture fittings (10) can be mounted door, the two horizontally intersecting holes such as a window, way out - motor (40) and at least one coupled to rotate integrally handle with a (20). B - The Taburijji (45), to actuate the spring-loaded latch bolt (15), Ke - Thing (30) is fixedly supported in the axial direction is biased return spring in Russia - motor (40 movement in the opposite direction to the pivotable two authors) - arm-shaped catch (50) is engaged. B by the connecting means (200) - the drive connection between the motor (40) and the catch (50) is or aborted are selectively formed. Motor (40) fixable operating means (rotation Rosetto 207, 208) are used - b for the actuation of the handle. Short A of the catch (50) - causing the coupling or disengagement arm (54) by the catch pin (201), the catch pin can be raised and lowered by rotation of the wing (216) of each connecting member (202). Two joining members (202) bus - (206) and although can be connected to rotate integrally can be detached in the axial direction. Bar - is b movably guided radially long hole that is aligned with the catch pin (201) (210) - can be pivoted in an arc of motor (40) in a 90 °. Operating means core (217) can engage the front projecting portion (222) of the connecting member (202).


Aero gas turbine components made of Inconel 718 superalloy revealed significant dimensional instability after machining. The dimensional instability is a manifestation of alterations in residual stresses and microstructure, which are influenced by machining parameters. This paper presents a simultaneous optimization technique used to control the dimensional instability in turning operation. Empirical equations are established for predicting surface residual stresses, surface finish, dimensional instability and tool life using response surface methodology. Experimental results show a strong correlation between residual stresses and dimensional instability. A desirability function approach is used to optimize the multiple responses and machining parameters are derived for practical applications. Inconel 718 test specimen and jet engine components machined with optimal cutting parameters show dimensional instability within the acceptable tolerance band.


Pteridophyte richness and diversity in Kudremukh National Park (KNP) was assessed using qualitative and quantitative diversity indexing methods, along with the geographic spatial distribution of the extant pteridophyte flora. The field research design employed a stratified random sampling method and was conducted in two phases. Phase 1 included the survey, identification and distribution of the pteridophyte flora and Phase 2 was to study the diversity of the extant pteridophytes throughout the KNP using seven transects. The region exhibited rich and highly diverse (Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index of 3.38), non-homogenous (compared to normal Raunkiaer's frequency curve) stand of 46 different unevenly (evenness index 0.64) distributed pteridophyte flora. The study region was dominated by two unambiguous pteridophyte species of weedy nature (Pteridium aquilinum and Dicranopteris linearis), with a high Simpson's dominance index of 0.96. The study reports eight endemic, two rare, five at risk and seven vulnerable and near-threatened IUCN listed pteridophyte species in the study region. The quantitative diversity indices i.e. frequency, density, abundance, relative abundance and important value index of each extant pteridophyte is calculated. The study also noted that some endemic species such as Osmunda huegeliana and Cyathea nilgirensis present in KNP needed immediate conservation efforts. This study gives an extensive report on the extant pteridophyte flora of KNP and will help future taxonomic surveys and research, as well as conservation and sustenance measures.


Abstract: Anaerobic digestion is an established technology for distillery effluent treatment. In Italy the most common anaerobic digester for distillery factory is the Completely Stirred Tank Reactor whose average volumetric organic loading rate is lower than 3 kg COD m d. In this paper the performance assessment of a pilot-scale high rate Anaerobic Sequencing Batch Reactor, treating 4 different distillery effluents, is presented as an alternative to continuous systems. The average applied loading rate was 4 kg COD m d and after a shock load condition (15 g CODT l d maintained for one day) the reactor showed stable response. The results obtained show the feasibility of this anaerobic discontinuous process for distillery effluent treatment, representing a valid option to up-grade the existing WWTP.


AbstractCalculating stresses in structural glass components is essential for design, but is especially complex for customized components like point-supported glass (PSG) balustrades. Stress concentrations are introduced at the discontinuities of the plates precisely where boundary conditions elicit maximum field stresses. Further complicating design, most published stress data for glass components are based on annealed, edge-supported glass experiments—with limited applicability to fully tempered (FT), PSG applications. This article presents experimental and numerical results for a typical application of FT glass as a PSG structural balustrade. Strain data from six FT, monolithic glass balusters loaded to both service and ultimate conditions indicates 55.2-MPa stresses at service load and 155-MPa stresses at failure. Additionally, a design algorithm is developed, using beam theory with stress concentration factors to establish preliminary thickness for use in an optimized numerical analysis to calculate s...


In this paper, an improved structure with model predictive control (MPC) is presented to eliminate leakage current of grid-connected PV panels. The proposed topology consists of a PV panel in the input side, a non-isolated DC/DC multilevel boost converter and a nine-level inverter at the output side. The DC-DC multilevel boost converter can provide equal voltage levels in different rated power by controlling duty-cycle. The utilized dc-dc converter can increase the output voltage of PV panel to produce desired values at the input ports of the nine-level inverter. In Non-isolated grid-connected PV converters, there are parasitic capacitors between grid and PV panel which leads to the leakage current flowing through parasitic capacitors to the system. It causes a safety problem, injection of harmonic current to the grid, increasing losses, and efficiency reduction. In order to eliminate leakage current due to using the parasitic capacitor of PV panel, MPC control method is utilized to achieve high overall efficiency. To confirm the operation of presented structure and theoretical analysis, PSCAD/EMTDC software is used.


Dysfunction of glutamatergic neurotransmission has been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Neuroimaging and post mortem studies revealed several alterations in glutamate markers in different brain regions in schizophrenic patients. Furthermore, NMDA glutamate receptor blockade by the anesthetics PCP and ketamine can cause psychotic symptoms in healthy persons and exacerbate symptoms in schizophrenic patients. Then glutamatergic system is a promising target for drug development in the treatment of schizophrenia. Drugs that indirectly enhance NMDA receptor function via the glycine modulatory site, as glycine itself, D-serine and D-cycloserine, have been studied. The results to date show that these drugs can reduce negative symptoms and probably improve cognitive functioning in schizophrenic patients receiving conventional antypsychotics. Further studies administering these drugs for an extended time period and using scales to assess quality of life are necessary to determine whether these effects are of clinical relevance.


relations in particular. The book is particularly valuable for its detail, but a brief summary of its general theme may convey the scope of its coverage. Throughout the 1930's the Soviet Union loomed as the main hurdle to Japan's leap to continental domination. Japan's "Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere" seemed threatened by the rapid development of Siberia. The Anti-Comintern Pact only increased Soviet hostility, and relations between Japan and the Soviet Union in the 1930's were characterized by disputes over boundaries, fisheries, the exploitation of Sakhalin resources, Soviet support of China and communism, the Soviet Union appearing as the natural (and to some Japanese as a desirable) enemy of Japan. But the Soviet Union's Nonaggression Pact with Nazi Germany, on which Japan had banked as a possible ally in a war with Russia, not only deprived Japan of an ally but freed Russia for possible expansion in the Far East, forcing Japan to seek a peaceful settlement of her differences with the USSR, particularly because she was engrossed in a costly and frustrating war with China and was suffering heavy casualties in fighting in the Nomonhan region on the Manchurian-Outer Mongolian front with Red Army-backed Mongolian forces. The outbreak of the war in Europe facilitated an easing of tension between the Soviet Union and Japan, because both had to concentrate on other areas. The Soviet-Japanese Neutrality Pact was the consequence of Germany's changing attitude toward the USSR and of Japan's eagerness to secure her northern frontiers in order to launch her drive southward. The Soviet-Japanese treaty underlined the failure of Germany and Japan to coordinate their continental objectives. The Nazi-Soviet pact had undermined Japan's position vis-a-vis Russia; the Soviet-Japanese Neutrality Treaty was signed on the eve of the German invasion of Russia. Because the treaty was the product of outside factors more than of Russo-Japanese relations themselves, it did not represent a solution of problems existing between Russia and Japan, for nothing had really changed. Neither side trusted the other, and Japan would have taken advantage of Germany's attack on the Soviet Union to penetrate into the Soviet Far East, had Soviet resistance in Europe not been so fierce and had Japanese reserves not been required in the Pacific. It was a matter of conditions, not of integrity or lack of integrity, that made the Soviet Union the first to break the Neurality Treaty in 1945.


.The essay analyzes the basic nature of the bordered determinant and its application on the calculation and proof of determinants.


This month's issue of Molecular Endocrinology features many excellent articles. We've picked some of the most outstanding research to spotlight. In "Distinct Function of Estrogen Receptor in Smooth Muscle and Fibroblast Cells in Prostate Development", Vitkus et al. (freely available at http://mend.endojournals.org/) present a dissection of distinct estrogen receptor (ER) roles in smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts during prostate development using unique in vivo mouse models. Specifically, smooth muscle cells ER controls prostate epithelial infolding and basement membrane integrity whereas in fibroblast cells ER affects branch morphogenesis of prostate ducts. Mouse models such as those described in this manuscript can be applied to investigate ER roles in pathological conditions, including benign prostate hyperplasia and prostate cancer. Lai et al. 's "Targeting Thymic Epithelia AR Enhances T-Cell Reconstitution and Bone Marrow Transplant Grafting Efficacy" demonstrates that androgen receptor (AR) in thymic epithelial plays an important role in determining thymic cellularity. Costimulatory molecule CD80 could be one of the AR directly targeted genes, which can modulate positive selection to regulate thymocyte survival. Furthermore, targeting AR, instead of androgens, either via genetic knockout of thymic epithelial AR or using an AR-degradation enhancer (ASC-J932 ), led to increased bone marrow transplantation grafting efficacy, which may provide a new therapeutic approach to boost T-cell reconstitution. "Regulation of the Human Hydroxysteroid Sulfotransferase (SULT2A1) by ROR and ROR and Its Potential Relevance to Human Liver Diseases" by Ou et al. shows that two retinoid-related orphan receptor (ROR) isoforms, ROR and ROR , positively regulate hepatic expression of human hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase (SULT2A1), an enzyme that sulfonates bile acids and deactivates androgens. Notably, the expression of RORs was impaired in several liver diseases, such as steatosis, fibrosis, and liver cancer. These results established SULT2A1 as a novel ROR target gene. Therefore, active RORs could be a potential predictor for the expression of SULT2A1 as well as liver diseases. Congratulations to these researchers as well as those who produced all of the excellent science in the January issue. Donald B. DeFranco, Ph.D. Editor-in-Chief, Molecular Endocrinology


Nanodots consisting of Co∕Pt multilayer have been fabricated using nanosphere lithography and ion beam etching. The nanodots retained the perpendicular anisotropy as that of the continuous films. However, the coercivity of the nanodots was greatly enhanced, more substantially for smaller nanodots. Concurrently, the remnant magnetization was reduced to 50%–80%. Magnetic force microscopy revealed that the domain pattern of nanodots at the remnant state was largely single domain but with nonperpendicular stray fields on the edges, indicating noncollinear alignment of magnetizations in those regions.


This study analyzes the usage and major characteristics of the composite Youth Center and the degree of preference for the analysis of composite reached the following conclusions. First, If the local youth center feels the old downtown population crisis of the existence of the facilities of the Youth Center as a continuous decrease in the near future. It is respond to the changing environment in which situation, and to consider the composite of the Youth Center and local cultural facilities, taking into account the local conditions is required. Second, the number and utilization of the public of the operating program for the public compared to the Youth Center in the non-complex state it can be seen that appears significantly higher if the composite is comprised of Youth Center facility. Also, facilities composite is flexible space operations and programs are available, and utilization of the public is seen to be contributing to stable fund-raising operations by increasing the Youth Center. Third, all user groups and group of manager at the Youth Center of preference for composite showed a positive response to at least be a majority. Meanwhile, the Youth Center of the opposite reason of infringement of the composite unique areas of youth, congestion of facilities, there appears to difficulties such as the facility management is considered to have a sufficient architectural consideration in the early planning stages. Fourth, the placement of the composite type of the Youth Center and local cultural facilities maintain their own area, and each features while minimizing the conflict between the different forms that can demonstrate the resilience and operational synergies through shared space between the two programs and facilities the group was shown that users and administrators both groups are the most preferred.


Piezoelectric energy harvesting generated by ground reaction force of pedestrian is one of the human-powered energy systems and grows rapidly. Under the circumstances, mechanical issues and the problems about planning and design, which have never been studied, should be treated simultaneously to develop the efficiency of the new technology. Therefore, this paper conducts an experimental study on where to install and how much energy can be generated by the piezoelectric generator on stairs. Firstly, the distribution of pedestrian walking on 3 types-straight, return and spiral stairs-of stairs are analyzed. The number of pedestrians are estimated by calculating the number of steps by a zone which is divided into same size of 30cm × 30㎝. As a result, it shows a large distribution in the middle of the stairs in case of straight and spiral stairs. In case of the return stairs, it shows a large distribution not in the middle, but inside of the stairs. After observing pedestrian walking characteristics by the walking distribution, we estimate the electricity generation by the number of the devices installed on the stairs. According to the estimation, the less devices installed, the less total generation made. However, the generation by a device grows 1.6∼1.9 times when assumed that only one device is installed on the most high density zone in scenario 4 comparing to scenario 1.


4-methyl-N-[(2-pyridine-2-yl-ethyl)carbamothioyl]benzamide (P2) was synthesized and covalently bonded to silica. This new heterogeneous catalyst was labelled as RHACP2. The SEM image of this hybrid thiourea silicate can be seen as aggregate particles. The surface morphology revealed spherical and irregular nanoparticles. The SEM images shows mesoporous solids containing agglomerates of spherical particles of fairly uniform size and array. The TEM images with irregular shape of porosity could be clearly observed and in general supported the amorphous nature of RHACP2. The XRD indicates the catalyst to be amorphous. The nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherm of the catalyst shows the mesoporous property. It shows a type-IV curve with hysteresis loop.4-methyl-N-[(2-pyridine-2-yl-ethyl)carbamothioyl]benzamide (P2) was synthesized and covalently bonded to silica. This new heterogeneous catalyst was labelled as RHACP2. The SEM image of this hybrid thiourea silicate can be seen as aggregate particles. The surface morphology revealed spherical and irregular nanoparticles. The SEM images shows mesoporous solids containing agglomerates of spherical particles of fairly uniform size and array. The TEM images with irregular shape of porosity could be clearly observed and in general supported the amorphous nature of RHACP2. The XRD indicates the catalyst to be amorphous. The nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherm of the catalyst shows the mesoporous property. It shows a type-IV curve with hysteresis loop.


In this article we study the place and the function of rhythm in adolescent identity readjustments. Firstly, we review the existing literature on the role played by rhythms (instinctual, corporeal, and musical) in identity construction through the prism of the babies/teenagers dynamic, and on the place of music within the psychic space of adolescents. We illustrate our proposal through a case study (individual and group-based) of research we carried out within a "sonic improvisation" group in a day hospital for adolescents. By way of a reflection oriented specifically toward rhythm, we try to demonstrate the "evaluative" and "therapeutic" importance of this kind of mediation when working with adolescents.


Somerset Regional Council (SRC) is situated an hour west of Brisbane and is the fastest growing local government area in southeast Queensland with a growth rate of 3.0 per cent and home to 23,000 people.


Described are the development process,main structure,test and demonstration,technical requirements and inspection methods of mounting center plate wear plates on existing freight cars with Zhuan 8A bogies.


Plant-parasitic nematodes have evolved complex relationships with their hosts inducing alterations in the morphology and physiology of the cell from which they feed. Modern molecular techniques has enabled breakthroughs in our understanding of plant-nematode interaction. It reviewed the advances in para-sitic-stategies and pathogenetic mechanism of plant-parasitic nematodes.


COPYRIGHT © 2022 Walkowitz, Belianin and Dorrough. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Editorial: Inter-cultural cooperation: The role of attitudes, (shared) expectations, and behavioral standards


SUBTITLE: EUROPE AND THE USA ARE WORKING SEPARATELY TOWARDS ONE GOAL -- ENABLING HELICOPTERS TO MAKE ALL-WEATHER APPROACHES IN PUBLIC TRANSPORT OPERATIONS.


Garment industry is an important industry and continues to evolve in order to meet the consumers' high demands. Therefore, elements of innovation and improvement are important. In this work, research studies were conducted at a local company in order to model the sewing process of clothes manufacturing by using simulation modeling. Clothes manufacturing at the company involves 14 main processes, which are connecting the pattern, center sewing and side neating, pockets sewing, backside-sewing, attaching the front and back, sleeves preparation, attaching the sleeves and over lock, collar preparation, collar sewing, bottomedge sewing, buttonholing sewing, removing excess thread, marking button, and button cross sewing. Those fourteen processes are operated by six tailors only. The last four sets of processes are done by a single tailor. Data collection was conducted by on site observation and the probability distribution of processing time for each of the processes is determined by using @Risk's Bestfit. The...


An in situ heating method was used to investigate the effect of high temperature on the magneto-electroluminescence (MEL) of rubrene-based organic light-emitting diodes.


Magnetic plasma instabilities appear to play an important role in the early stages of quark-gluon plasma equilibration in the high energy (weak coupling) limit. Numerical studies of the growth of such instabilities from small seed fluctuations have found initial exponential growth in their energy, followed by linear growth once the associated color magnetic fields become so large that their non-abelian interaction are non-perturbative. In this paper, we use simulations to determine the nature of this linear energy growth. We find that the long-wavelength modes associated with the instability have ceased to grow, but that they cascade energy towards the ultraviolet in the form of plasmon excitations of ever increasing energy. We find a quasi-steady-state power-law distribution $f_k \propto k^{-\nu}$ for this cascade, with spectral index $\nu \simeq 2$.


Abstract Today, due to the frequent use of composite materials used in the aerospace and automotive industries, an intensive study is carried out on the joining methods of these materials. One method of joining composite or aluminum alloy materials is adhesive bonding. Studies on the development of the strengths of adhesively bonded joints focused on adhesive type, the bonding method, and hybrid joints. In the present study, a different method was used to increase joint strength. This study experimentally and numerically investigated the mechanical properties of single-lap joints bonded by a composite adhesive – obtained by adding fiber fabric to the adhesive. Adhesively bonded single-lap joints were produced using DP460 toughened adhesive type as the adhesives; AA2024-T3 aluminum alloy was used as the adherend, and carbon fiber and glass fiber fabric were used as the added fiber. In addition, for the numerical analysis of the presented study, the bulk properties of the composite adhesives were obtained. As a result, the use of fiber-reinforced adhesive in bonding joints significantly increases the failure load of the joint, as it prevents the progression of cracks formed in the joint. However, the increase rate in the failure load changes depending on the adhesive thickness and the type of fiber fabric. As follows, the failure loads of the fiber-reinforced joints increase between 5% and 41% compared to the non-fiber-reinforced joints. In addition, it was observed that the results obtained from the numerical analysis and the results obtained from the experiments were consistent with each other.


The nature and rates of the chemical and electrochemical reactions that occur within the occluded regions of a given alloy are controlled by the local electrochemical potential and the local solution composition. The very small physical dimensions of these regions lead to challenges in both measurement and modeling. When performed in a coordinated and complementary way, measurements and modeling provide insights into the controlling processes of a range of localized corrosion phenomena, including crevice corrosion, pitting, intergranular corrosion, and stress-corrosion cracking. Examples of attempts to overcome the measurement challenges are described for a range of corrosion scenarios, including identification of the critical ionic species in stainless steel crevice corrosion and in the corrosion of aircraft lap joints, operando measurement of chemistry and potential simultaneously within stress-corrosion cracks, and monitoring of water layer thickness in salt spray testing. Examples of work addressing the challenges in modeling localized corrosion including intergranular corrosion of AA5XXX alloys, scaling laws in crevice corrosion, the extent to which the Laplace Equation can be used and applied to geometrically complex galvanic structures, and an approach to modeling localized corrosion for extraordinarily long service times. Finally, suggestions regarding future avenues of research are provided.


We investigate the Plebański class of electrodynamical theories, i.e., theories of nonlinear vacuum electrodynamics that derive from a Lorentz‐invariant Lagrangian (or Hamiltonian). In any such theory the light rays are the lightlike geodesics of two optical metrics that depend on the electromagnetic background field. A set of necessary and sufficient conditions is found whose fulfillment secures that the optical metrics are causal in the sense that the light rays are lightlike or timelike with respect to the underlying space‐time metric. Thereupon we derive conditions on the Lagrangian, or the Hamiltonian, of the theory such that the causality conditions are satisfied for all allowed background fields. (The allowed values of the field strength tensor are those for which the excitation tensor is finite and real.) The general results are illustrated with several examples.


Abstract : This thesis was an attempt to construct and refine a model procedure for DoD contracting activities to utilize when integrating quality factors such as Total Quality Management into the source selection process for major acquisitions. The primary objective of this thesis was to modify application guidelines for the Malcolm Baldridge Quality Award into source selection criteria, and then device a procedure to temper the results of the basic proposal evaluation with a degree of risk determined from a Performance Risk Assessment of the offeror. A secondary objective of this thesis was to construct the model procedure in a manner which allowed maximum flexibility to contracting activities to tailor any aspects of the procedure to fit local requirements, regulations and standard operating procedures. The final objective of this thesis was to obtain feedback from knowledgeable and experienced Government contracting or policy personnel, and to modify or refine the procedure into a more feasible, useful model.


12 – On page 1 Moeller says, "This book does not say, Abolish morality!" Hopefully, he will comment further about how his views on the persistence of morality line up with recent calls to abolish it. See Richard Garner, "Abolishing Morality," in A World without Values: Essays on John Mackie's Moral Error Theory, ed. Richard Joyce and Simon Kirchin (Springer, 2010). Also see Joel Marks, Ethics without Morals: In Defense of Amorality (New York and London: Routledge, 2013).


The Space Transportation System has been planned as an evolving system, implementing new technologies that increase safety and reliability of Reusable Launch Vehicles, and innovative materials and joining technologies have been developed at NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC).In the framework of the Friction Stir Welding upgrade of the Space Shuttle External Tank, it has been spent an effort in defining a simple and reliable process, that take advantage of the high rotational speed of the pin tool. The author conducted at NASA MSFC a feasibility study for the High Speed Friction Stir Welding (HSFSW) process and the research consisted of three main phases: 1. theoretical modeling of the HSFSW process. 2. design and manufacturing of the HSFSW machine. 3. DOE and lab analyses of the experimental joints. The High Speed FSW process has been modeled implementing the "Rotating plug model" developed at NASA, and based on the Plastic-Analytic approach, which consist in superposing two flows : a primary flow comprising a plug of metal rotating with the pin tool and shearing over a cylindrical surface, and a secondary flow driven by threads on the pin and resembling a ring vortex around the pin. The model has been tested during phase 3 with some modifies to validate it in the high speed rotation condition: Parametric evaluation of conditions for surface slip. Flow stress at high temperatures and influence of the material characteristics (Al2219-Al2195). Once determined the main process parameters it has been designed the FSW system. It consisted in three main sub phases : 1. motor characteristics and machine design 2. process control 3. pin tools design. The factors that influenced this phase has been requirements imposed for Space application and for a technology transfer. Essential characteristics of the High Speed FSW machine are : light weight, low power consumption, high rotational spindle speed, forces and torque equilibrium of the whole system, easy to handle. The third phase consisted in planning the tests, according with the DOE method, considering the theoretical model values and the machine parameters. The main parameters are : Material (composition, thickness, surface) Pin tool (length, diameter, taper angle) Shoulder (length, diameter, taper angle) Machine (travel speed, RPM, angle, penetration) Finally lab tests has been conducted to evaluate the quality of the joints (Macro pictures, Xray, Ultrasonics). The standard NASA testing procedure for welded Space vehicles components has been adopted and the results showed excellent microstructural and mechanical properties of the FSW welded joints.The feasibility study was successfully completed, proving a new technology, with possible application in Space. Long duration space flights requires a repair technique in Space and compared to all the other joining techniques available, the High Speed Friction Stir Welding appears to be the best one, for its simplicity , reliability , quality and safety. The material is new and original, as part of a research conducted at MSFC, NASA, and its content has not been presented to previous meetings. The author take responsibility to deliver the paper in Bremen.


A novel digital circuitry for smart RFID tags is proposed in this paper. This digital circuitry is designed for an active tag with vital signal sensing functions. In this smart RFID tag system, a CALL signal consists of an ID code, a request code of a vital signal, and a request code of measurement time. And the tag responds to a reader only when a called ID code coincides with its own ID code. In this way, an anti-collision function is realized in this system. The operations of the proposed digital circuitry satisfying the above-mentioned requirements were confirmed by experiments using a test chip fabricated by a TSMC 0.25 ㎛ mixed signal CMOS technology. The supply voltage of the proposed circuit is 3V and the power consumption was about 0.1㎽.


This article describes the large bandwidth DRFM based on the DDC and DUC technology,introduces the basic principles and carries out a theoretical simulation in Matlab.The modeling of the whole system and each module is accomplished in Quartus II,and the functional simulation of the whole system is made in Modelsim,providing theoretical and technical support for the DRFM technology in the future.


The author discusses how the fledgling avionics equipment designer/manufacturer should interact with the US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). He presents a basic primer on Federal Aviation Regulations and guidance associated with avionics and electrical systems. FAA organizations with which an applicant will have contact are considered along with FAA processes and procedures related to FAA design, manufacturing, and installation approvals. Pitfalls frequently encountered by new entrants into the arena of avionics and electrical system certification are also discussed.<<ETX>>


A mixture of seven immiscible "virgin" plastics, namely low and high density polyethylene (LDPE and HDPE), polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), crystal and high impact polystyrene (PS and HIPS), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET), in proportions representative of those currently found in post-consumer plastics containers, was compounded in a corotating twin-screw extruder. The mechanical properties of the blend were improved through the addition of relatively high concentrations of a dialkyl peroxide which was also found to drastically affect the blend morphology. The results are interpreted in terms of improved dispersive mixing favored by the similarity in the rheological behavior of the modified blend components, improved physical properties of certain blend components upon peroxide modification, and, possibly, enhanced intefacial adhesion. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


The problem of determining a heuristic which maintains a doubly linked list in approximately optimal order with respect to mean search time is considered. Within a general framework of simple assumptions it is shown that in one particular case no such heuristic can be found, while in many other situations heuristics for similarly maintaining sequential lists should be used. In the remaining circumstances a heuristic known as move to end is shown to reduce search time, on average, to at most twice the minimum value determined by an optimal ordering of the list.


Class I glutamine amidotransferases (GATases) represent a ubiquitous family of enzymes that catalyze the incorporation of ammonia within various metabolic pathways. GATases are heteromeric enzyme complexes consisting of at least one pair of glutaminase and synthase subunits in various oligomeric associations. The activities of the glutaminase and synthase subunits are allosterically coupled in most class I GATases in a way that the presence of substrate at the synthase subunit stimulates glutamine hydrolysis at the glutaminase active site. The structural basis of allosteric communication between both subunits is, however, not well understood.

The first part of this thesis focuses on the molecular basis of allosteric coupling in 4-amino-4-deoxychorismate synthase (ADCS), an important but hitherto sparsely characterized member of class I GATases. Using ancestral sequence reconstruction, we generated a thermostable glutaminase subunit, anc2PabA, solved its crystal structure by molecular replacement and used it to compute for the first time a reliable model of the E. coli ADCS complex. Alanine scanning of conserved residues located between the glutaminase and synthase active sites revealed a network of mainly charged residues that lead to activity-inducing conformational changes at the glutaminase subunit. A central aspartate residue of the synthase subunit that is located at the synthase-glutaminase interface close to the active site of the glutaminase subunit, was identified as key residue for both complex formation and allosteric signaling.

The second part of this thesis describes the bioinformatic search and biochemical characterization of similarly located aspartate residues in the remaining members of class I GATases. The data confirms the important role of the identified aspartate residues for complex formation and allosteric signaling and is integrated toward a unifying allosteric core mechanism for class I GATases.


The objective of this study was to assess the effect of proline, mineral salts (NaCl and Na2SO4) and pH combined with moisture content on the glass transition temperature (Tg) and flow-starting temperature (Tf) of soy protein concentrate (SPC). Initial screening of the variables based on fractional factorial design showed insignificant effect of NaCl on Tg and Tf. The design was extended to a face-centred central composite design (CCD) excluding NaCl and data evaluated by use of response surface methodology. The established model for Tg (R 2 = 0.824) shows significant negative first-order effects of moisture, proline and Na2SO4, and a positive interaction effect of moisture and Na2SO4. The Tf model (R 2 = 0.937) shows significant negative first-order effects of moisture and proline, a positive first-order and negative square effect of pH, and a negative interaction effect of moisture and proline. The main effect on Tg and Tf was 2.2 and 1.3 times higher, respectively, for moisture compared to proline. The study confirms that proline (or other free amino acids) can replace moisture as protein plasticiser in the extrusion process. Minor effects can also be obtained by reduction in pH.


— A robust and reliable architecture for wireless sensor actor networks for industry control (WASANIC) is discussed and described in this paper. The stringent physical constraints in an industry environment are taken into consideration. We proposed an architecture that allows efficient cross-layering between a semi-scheduled medium access control (MAC) protocol called the Neighbor Turn Taking MAC (NTT-MAC) and a routing protocol based on the Multi-Meshed Tree (MMT) routing algorithm that is suited to the WSANIC topology encountered in an industry. The proposed architecture also addresses survivability and security. The cross-layered approach, named NTT-MMT, supports reliable and robust transportation of data. Through simulations, the performance of NTT-MMT was compared with carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) MAC and dynamic source routing (DSR) protocol.


This study pursues who the proponents and opponents of casino gaming are, focusing on the currently debated introduction of land-based casinos in Kentucky. A survey was conducted with 600 randomly sampled residents. Qualitative Choice Models were considered to identify the factors that contributed to residents' support for or opposition to casino gaming. A Logistic Regression (Logit) model was chosen and education, employment status, and religion were found significant in the model. The fact that more respondents opposed the legalization of the proposed land-based casino gaming leaves the debate wide open to continued discussion.


Backgroud: Many rural mothers did not give appropriate child feeding which impacted to underweight for their children in Konawe Disrict of Southeast Island in Indonesia. This was also related to mother's poor knowledge about child feeding. Objective: this study aimed to investigate the relationship between rural mothers' knowledge and their practices of child feeding with underweight in under-5 children in Konawe District, Southeast Sulawesi Province in Indonesia. Methods: The case-control study was conducted in 5 rural areas in Konawe District, Southeast Sulawesi Province. The study involved 400 under five children and their mothers, including 100 of whom were cases and 300 of whom were age-matched contorls (1:3). Cases were underweight children, while the controls were children with a normal nutritional status. The independent variabels were mother's knowledge and  their child feeding practices. The data analysis used Conditional Logistic regression. Results : poor mothers' knowledge (odds ratio [OR], 8.9; 95% confidene interval [CI], 4.0 to 19.6;  p<0.001), poor practices of under-5 children feeding  (OR, 15.2; 95% CI, 5.5-41.7; p<0.001) significantly associated with underweight in rural children. Conclusion : Mothers' knowledge about the availability of nutritious foods determines her child feeding practices. A mother's level of knowledge about nutritious foods and her practices is related to her educational level and health information sources.


The objective of this paper is to reinforce students' understanding of sampling through experimentation. The scope of this paper is very narrow, focusing on a single laboratory exercise for learning about sampling, which is a critically important topic for students to comprehend. The digital oscilloscope makes an ideal platform for studying sampling, aliasing, and quantization, because not only does the digital oscilloscope have a built in A/D converter and all the supporting electronics, but it has display capabilities in both the time and frequency domains. Additionally, students obtain a better understanding of test and measurement equipment such as the digital oscilloscope.


Abstract:The purpose of this article is twofold: a) to analyse the current situation of Chinese academic book exports from a publisher's perspective, including models, channels, motivation, and performance; b) to identify the challenges that Chinese scholarly publishers are facing and explain their causes. In all, fifteen publishers from state presses, local presses, and university presses were interviewed. Desk research supplemented the interview data. We found that co-publishing, copyright transfer, and physical book export are the main models and that publishers prefer co-publishing and copyright transfer to exporting actual books. Book fairs and copyright agents are still important channels for negotiating export deals. Applying for funding programs and achieving evaluative benchmarks are the principal motivators for publishers. Surprisingly, over half the publishers interviewed do not profit much from exportation. Nevertheless, supervising departments and chief managers still attach much importance to it. At present, Chinese scholarly publishers are confronted with the challenges of a quality gap, state subsidy substituting for a real market, and information asymmetry. Unreasonable systems of academic evaluation and quality control, state-owned property rights, limited qualified manpower, and rare cooperation are key causes of these challenges.


An object-oriented microwave circuit simulation environment is described. The design uses the object-oriented techniques to analysis and design, and its prototype can be reused and can be expended easily. It is easily to add new device and analysis. No other simulator can be more easily than it in add new device and analysis.


The objective of this study is the quantification of biomass, fixation of carbon and CO2 of plantations of teak in the coastal region, Campus Prosperina of the Espol, for it they installed units of sampling, the same ones that correspond to three origins: Ecuador, Brazil and Costa Rica. The evaluated parameters were a carbon and CO2 for the biomass arrives of the soil (woody component and herbaceous vegetation), underground biomass (roots) and biomass of at organic dead matter (necromass). The quantity of total biomass for Tectona grandis at the age of 8 this one in a range from 27.68 to 66.12 tn/ha. The origin that presented major storage of carbon was from Ecuador with 33.06 tnC/ha and 121.06tn CO2/ha. There were no statistical significant differences in the storage of carbon. The biomass airs 62 % represents in average, the roots 22 %, the verbiage 12 % and the woody necromass 4 %, the carbon stored in the soil is not considered in this percentage.


The prevalence of primary immunopathologic syndromes and immune system status (subpopula-tion structure, proliferation activity of PBMC, cyto-kine production) in population of the Altai region, which exposed to nucleic testing of Semipalatinsk Test Site were studied. We discovered that preva-lence of infection, autoimmune, allergic, haemato-logic and oncologic syndromes in the investigated population were increased in comparison with sibe-rian population. The modifications of subpopulation structure and functional properties of peripheral blood immunocompetent cells were found in the per-sons exposed to radiation influence. We are deter-mined significant increase serum levels of IL-1, -2, -4, -6, -10, TNF-б, IFN-г. These modifications positively correlate with value of radiation dose. The possible role of immune disorders in the immunopathologic syndromes formed in the persons, which exposed to low dose rate radiation.


Cardiac arrests are a highly prevalent heart condition with a low survival rate due to the sudden nature of incidents. However, studies have shown that there are recognizable antecedents that can aid in early recognition, intervention, and prevention of these attacks. These can be detected by monitoring vital signs such as cardiac rhythm, arterial pulsations (heartbeats), heart rate or heart sounds. By regular and consistent monitoring of these vital signs, early help can be rendered. Therefore, this paper discusses the implementation and evaluation of a cardiac arrest telemonitoring system, based on M2M middleware, which can continuously monitor a patient's heart rate and alert stakeholders (patient, caregiver, and physician) in the event of abnormal readings. The paper also makes an assessment of the delay in the delivery of these alert messages to show the contribution of such a system towards reducing the overall time of the chain of survival.


Within the cloud computing scenario, each server usually carries multiple service processes, which intensifies the concurrency pressure of the system. As a result, the process of memory management during page allocation and deallocation becomes a significant bottleneck. Although several methods such as Buddy System and Inverse Buddy System (iBuddy) have been proposed to improve the performance of memory management, they cannot adapt to the highly concurrent environment of cloud computing, because they either force the memory allocation/deallocation requests to be serialized or bring extra fragmentation. To address the above problem, we propose Spring Buddy, which improves the concurrency of both memory allocation and deallocation and avoids unnecessary fragmentation. It can detect the changes of system- and process-level memory request patterns and dynamically adjust the organization of page frames. Inventively, Spring Buddy uses the spring core layer to provide both concurrent response and resource aggregation capability which is adapted to the system's concurrency pressure, and also uses the spring lazy layer to further mitigate the system resource contention through process behavior prediction. To demonstrate the effectiveness of Spring Buddy, we implement it in the Linux kernel. The results demonstrate that Spring Buddy can reduce memory allocation latency by 71.47 % and deallocation latency by 93.20% on average compared to the existing methods.


Cucumber is a fruit that produces seed that have pulp. The presence of pulp in the seeds can inhibit germination. This causes problem in seed production. Therefore, to remove the pulp from the seeds, it can be done by various methods such as chemical extraction or drying method. This study was aimed to determine the response of cucumber seed germination treated by Sodium hypochlorite and different drying methods. This research is an experimental with a factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD), consisting of 8 treatments with 3 repetitions. The research consists of seed preparation, treatment, seeding and observation. The result show that Sodium hypochlorite or drying treatment and the combination of the two treatments had no significant effect on all the variables. However, soaking with 5% Sodium hypochlorite could increase the vigor index of 98,67%, the growth rate (7,69%) and the maximum growth potential of cucumber seeds up to 100% better than other treatments.


Bad Music: The Music We Love to Hate. Edited by Christopher Washburne and Maiken Derno. New York: Routledge, 2004. [x, 379 p. ISBN 0-415-94366-3. $24.95.] Illustrations, index. Every now and then a book comes along that articulates something that is embedded in our collective cultural conscience that we rarely see publicly discussed. Bad Music: The Music We Love to Hate is such a volume. It is one thing to hear a song and impose our judgments on it, conditioned or otherwise; but to publish a scholarly work about such a subversive topic as this, that in many ways underscores our personal opinions about what is bad music, well, that is quite another undertaking. But Christopher J. Washburne and Maiken Derno have done just that in their new collection of essays. The idea for the book germinated from a discussion held by Washburne and Tim Taylor over a glass of wine about how music scholars typically avoid discussions of everyday, mundane music, and focus more on music that is highly influential or significant in some way within the prescribed musical canon. They organized a "Bad Music" panel for the 2001 meeting of the Society for Ethnomusicology. Out of that panel came this wonderfully diverse and interdisciplinary book. The increasing acceptance of the study of popular culture as an area of serious academic scholarship is bridging the gap between highbrow and lowbrow culture, including art and music (p. 2). Heretofore, gatekeepers of academic inquiry have not valued the music of the masses-which, according to Washburne and Derno in their introduction, "serve[s] as the soundtrack to our daily lives"-because we disdain it or take it for granted (p. 3). Some of the seventeen contributors have sought to defend the right of "musical parody, camp, irony, cheese, experimentation, and celebratory masquerade" (p. 7) as viable members of the family of music, even though these styles may be privately known as the black sheep. Consequently, Bad Music helps readers find their way from auditory cheesecake (the sublime) to the musically banal (ridiculous) without denouncing either, unless they so choose. We are all guilty of thinking or saying what we deem to believe is "good" or "bad" music. Do any of the following register a bleep on your Cringe Factor graph? Lounge music (conjure up Bill Murray's polyester-clad character on Saturday Night Live); smooth jazz (Kenny G style); folk revival music; golden throats; karaoke; elevator / dentist office music, or muzak; film music (Yentlperhaps?); disco (Saturday Night Fever?); polka music; opera; rap; bubblegum pop; American Idol; someone/anyone singing in the shower; minstrelsy; extreme hard core punk; New Age; the accordion; glitch; Christmas carols; a soloist crooning to taped accompaniment; metal; hillbilly music (the label itself denotes disdain); lip-synching and air guitar; techno; minimalism; rock operas; contemporary country; easy listening; yodeling; klezmer; the shotgun vibrato of a Tiny Tim or a Buffy Sainte-Marie; other easy targets have been ABBA, Britney Spears, Shanaia Twain, Liberace, and Wayne Newton. Some of these and further examples are noted in Bad Music. The book is divided into four sections, preceded by an introduction by Washburne and Derno, and a discussion by Simon Frith on "What is Bad Music." The last section contains the first complete English translation of Carl Dahlhaus's "Trivialmusik," whose aesthetic judgments published in 1967 share an uncanny resemblance to comments made in this collection of essays (Introduction, p. 12). In her essay "Theorizing the Musically Abject," Elizabeth Tolbert provides a succinct definition of "bad" music, as "that which disturbs identity, systems, and order" (Julia Kristeva, Powers of Horror: An Essay on Abjection, trans. Louis S. Roudiez [New York: Columbia University Press, 1982], 115). However, Bad Music does not try to define what is "bad music" (although plenty of examples are given) as much as it tries to examine the cultural and historical degrees of valuations within a variety of different musical genres and contexts (p. …


Recently, Gross et al. demonstrated a first-order probingsecure implementation of AES using only two bits of randomness for both the initial sharing and the entire computation of AES. In this note, we recall that first-order probing security may not be sufficient for practical first-order security when randomness is re-cycled. We demonstrate that without taking the transitional leakage into account, the expected security level in a serialized design based on their concept might not be achieved in practice. 1 Masking AES with only two bits of randomness Recently, Gross et al. [6] introduced a concept to mask the entire AES cipher with only two bits of randomness including the initial sharing of the plaintext. They introduce a fully-unrolled version of AES and verify the first-order probing security of individual components of their designs using the tool maskverif [2]. They further suggest to implement round-serialized and S-box-serialized versions to achieve a smaller area footprint. In the following, we show that a serialized version of their concept does not achieve practical first-order security if not enough attention is payed with respect to transitional leakage. Indeed, we argue that a mere variation of masks in their design can never achieve first-order security in the setting of a transitional leakage model. As a take-home message, we stress that reset cycles should be considered in the design to mitigate the transitional leakage. We in fact practically demonstrate its effectiveness using side-channel measurements. 2 Problem Description In [6] the entire state of AES is masked with only two bits of randomness. Gross et al. suggest to mask each of the sixteen plaintext bytes identically with mask mB := {m1, m0 ⊕m1, m0 ⊕m1, m0, m0, m1, m0, m1} and maintain this mask in each round at the input of the SubBytes Layer. Gate-Level Leakage. To realize a first-order secure AES S-box, Gross et al. [6] utilize the circuit introduced by Boyar and Peralta [3] and describe a firstorder probing secure realization of an AND-gate in four cycles without freshrandomness. q0 = [[ [a0 ∧ b0] } {{ } t1 ⊕[a0 ∧ b1 ⊕ b1] ]] ⊕ [[ [a1 ∧ b0]⊕ [a1 ∧ b1 ⊕ b1] ] ⊕ a1 ]