Telling individuals the distance between themselves and a target, right after they estimated that distance verbally, improves subsequent verbal estimations. Prior studies, however, have not tested whether or not such training improves the accuracy of perceptually guided actions, e.g., throwing an object to a target. We begin to do so here. Specifically, the present study compared throwing performance during Pre and Post-Testing for participants who either 1) generated verbal distance estimates during Training and received feedback, 2) produced verbal distance estimates during Training but did not receive feedback, or 3) performed an unrelated task during Training. An additional comparison examined whether any effects noted in earlier analyses stemmed from interactions between the Pre-Test and the feedback manipulation. Our results indicate that improving participants' ability to verbally estimate distances didn't improve (and possibly degraded) throwing accuracy. Accordingly, the benefits of verbal estimation training may only benefit subsequent verbal estimations.


As an economically valuable red seaweed, Neopyropia yezoensis (Rhodophyta) is cultivated in intertidal areas, and its growth and development are greatly influenced by environmental factors such as temperature. Although much effort has been devoted to delineating the influence, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, the gametophyte blades and protoplasts were cultured at different temperatures (13 °C, 17 °C, 21 °C, 25 °C). Only blades cultured at 13 °C maintained a normal growth state (the relative growth rate of thalli was positive, and the content of phycobiliprotein and pigments changed little); the survival and division rates of protoplasts were high at 13 °C, but greatly decreased with the increase in temperature, suggesting that 13 °C is suitable for the growth of N. yezoensis. In our efforts to delineate the underlying mechanism, a partial coding sequence (CDS) of Cyclin B and the complete CDS of cyclin-dependent-kinase B (CDKB) in N. yezoensis were cloned. Since Cyclin B controls G2/M phase transition by activating CDK and regulates the progression of cell division, we then analyzed how Cyclin B expression in the gametophyte blades might change with temperatures by qPCR and Western blotting. The results showed that the expression of Cyclin B first increased and then decreased after transfer from 13 °C to higher temperatures, and the downregulation of Cyclin B was more obvious with the increase in temperature. The phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) decreased with the increase in temperature, suggesting inactivation of ERK at higher temperatures; inhibition of ERK by FR180204 significantly decreased the survival and division rates of protoplasts cultured at 13 °C. These results suggest that downregulation of Cyclin B and inactivation of ERK might be involved in negatively regulating the survival and division of protoplasts and the growth of gametophyte blades of N. yezoensis at high temperatures.


This paper presents a comparative study between the particle Swarm Optimization and an Eagle Foraging Particle Swarm Optimization (EFPSO) for solving load flow problems in electrical power system. In this paper the load flow equation has been solved with the help of PSO and EFPSO methods. IEEE 14 Bus system data was used here for solving the load flow equations with the help of PSO and EFPSO method to obtain the results. In this paper a relatively new EFPSO method proves its faster convergence process in comparison to other existing methods.


Serratia marcescens is a nosocomial pathogen with carbapenem resistance, limiting the availability of effective treatment options. In this study, we performed molecular characterization of GES-5 carbapenemase-producing S. marcescens isolated from an outbreak in Japan. Comparative genetic analysis revealed that the blaGES-5–encoding plasmid p2020-O-9 is a unique plasmid contributing towards carbapenem resistance. Furthermore, this study highlights the necessity of surveillance programs for monitoring novel, along with commonly occurring carbapenemases in clinical settings.


In order to achieve the optimization of the electricial parameters of electrical discharge milling and get the maximum material removal rate and the lowest surface roughness,the wavelet neural network and genetic algorithm were used for modeling the machining process according to a large number of experimental data.The experimental results show that the system improves performance of network,and shortens training time.


Effective monopole action at finite temperature in SU(2) gluodynamics is studied on anisotropic lattices. Using an inverse Monte-Carlo method and the blockspin transformation for space directions, we determine 4-dimensional effective monopole action at finite temperature. We get an almost perfect action in the continuum limit under the assumption that the action is composed of two-point interactions alone. It depends on a physical scale bs and the temperature T. The temperature-dependence appears with respect to the spacelike monopole couplings in the deconfinement phase, whereas the timelike monopole couplings do not show any appreciable temperature-dependence. The dimensional reduction of the 4-dimensional SU(2) gluodynamics ((SU(2))4D) at high temperature is the 3-dimensional Georgi-Glashow model ((GG)3D). The latter is studied at the parameter region obtained from the dimensional reduction. We compare the effective instanton action of (GG)3D with the timelike monopole action obtained from (SU(2))4D. We find that both agree very well for T≥2.4Tc at large b region. The dimensional reduction works well also for the effective action.


Saturn's inner moons are the radar-brightest objects in the Solar System. The radar brightness of Mimas, Enceladus and Tethys at 2.2-cm wavelength exceeds that of the Galilean satellites. This points to extremely fresh and clean water ice in their subsurface but also to the presence of scattering structures that are especially efficient at returning waves in the backscattering direction. In this paper, we present the final results of the Cassini radar observations of Saturn's moons and explore subsurface models that could explain the extremely high recorded radar returns in the inner system. Using a 3D electromagnetic code, we first test models in which the subsurfaces of these moons contain a random distribution of centimetric inclusions (pores or ice spheres). 1. Cassini Radar observations For more than 13 years, the Cassini spacecraft (20042017) has explored the Saturnian system and revealed the complexity of Saturn's moons providing dramatic images of their surfaces and evidence of past, and even present, geological activity on Dione and Enceladus, respectively [1]. While it was initially designed to examine the surface of Titan through the veil of its opaque atmosphere, the radar on board Cassini was occasionally used to observe Saturn's airless moons, and in particular the six mid-sized satellites (in order of distance to Saturn) Mimas, Enceladus, Tethys, Dione, Rhea and Iapetus [2, 3, 4]. Most of these observations were distant i.e., unresolved and designed to provide full-disk albedos at 2.2-cm wavelength. Fig. 1 presents the result of the reduction of 85 distant observations of the Saturnian moons, including Titan. It shows significant variations among the satellites with Enceladus having the highest average radar albedo (2.96±0.39) and Titan the lowest (0.23±0.03). All of Saturn's inner moons (from Mimas to Rhea) display extremely high radar albedos with values above unity even when accounting for all possible sources of uncertainties. Enceladus is twice as bright as Europa, the radar brightest of the Galilean satellites which is equivalent in term of total-power radar albedo to Dione [5]. 2. Data interpretation The analysis of the Cassini radar observations of Saturn's moons shows that the exchange of material between Saturn's dust rings and moons, which is specific to the Saturnian system, plays a key role in the current state of the satellite regolith [5]. Far away from Saturn, the vast debris ring from Phoebe progressively coats the leading side of Iapetus with opticallydark material reducing its radar brightness. On the contrary, Figure 1: Averaged 2.2-cm disk-integrated radar albedos of Saturn's major satellites. The error bars show the dispersion of the dataset for each satellite. EPSC Abstracts Vol. 13, EPSC-DPS2019-454-2, 2019 EPSC-DPS Joint Meeting 2019 c © Author(s) 2019. CC Attribution 4.0 license. close to the planet, the extreme radar brightness of the innermost moons Mimas, Enceladus and Tethys is mostly due to Enceladus' activity and their interaction with the E-ring which envelopes them and brings ultra-clean water ice to their near-surface. It is clear that the high degree of purity of Saturn's innermost moons' water ice regolith favors the opportunities for high order scattering in the nearsurface. Nevertheless, the composition alone can explain neither the large measured radar albedos nor the observed weak dependence on incidence angle. The "snow cover" of Saturn's icy inner moons must contain scattering structures that are especially efficient in returning waves in the backscattering direction. In order to explain the high radar returns from Jupiter's satellites, some authors have invoked the coherent backscatter effect (CBE) [6, 7] which results from the constructive interferences of waves in the backscattering direction after a multiplicity of random scattering events. Such an effect is expected in presence of wavelength-scale scatterers embedded in a weakly absorbing regolith and is all the more efficient as scatterers are themselves made of low-loss material i.e., void or pure ice. However, the capacity of the CBE to boost the intensity in the backscattering direction is limited and an extremely high density of scatterers (as much as 80% of the scattering layer must be occupied by scatterers) is already required for Europa [7]. We decided to further test this theory as well as models of "organized" subsurfaces to find a plausible explanation for Cassini measurements. 3. Electromagnetic simulations We first investigate the scattering behavior of subsurfaces with different densities of randomly distributed spherical inclusions (filled with vacuum or solid water ice) using the 3D simulator TEMSI-FD, developed by the XLIM laboratory, in Limoges, France. This code is based on the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method that solves the set of Maxwell equations in a rigorous manner. In order to compute the far-field scattered field, TEMSI-FD applies the equivalence theorem that takes the scattered field to be due to a set of surface currents located coincident with the surface of the scattering object. Fig. 2A shows an example of subsurface model where the scatterers embedded in the snow cover have a volumetric density of 30%. The computational box is 0.5mx0.5mx1.7. The mesh size was set equal to 1 mm in all axes, which is small enough to prevent numerical dispersion. Fig. 2B displays the radiation pattern of the subsurface model shown in Fig. 2A once lighted by a plane wave with an incidence angle of 20°. The signal is mainly radiated in the specular and transmission directions whereas the return in the backscattering direction is very small. Models with a higher density of scatterers and different size distributions will be tested as well as subsurface models including organized/ordered structures. Figure 2: A: Subsurface model where 30% of the snow layer is occupied by randomly distributed 1-cm radius vacuum inclusions. B. Radiation pattern of the model shown in A for an incident plane wave arriving with an incidence angle of 20°. The signal returned in the backscattering direction is very small.


Abstract The paper deals with the existence of solutions for singular higher order differential equations with Sturm–Liouville or (𝑝, 𝑛 – 𝑝) right focal boundary conditions or the (𝑛 – 𝑝, 𝑝) left focal boundary conditions. Right-hand sides of differential equations may be singular in the zero values of all their phase variables. The proofs are based on the regularization and sequential techniques.


Participation of women-owned SMEs in the international trade is getting more importance in the transformation of institutional changes. Although women entrepreneurs are contributing to the social and economic development, the role of social, cultural and legal institutions of any given economy is still debatable. This argument remains controversial, as there is no single theory that has explained the phenomenon of women-owned firms in international trade so far. Because of the missing link between gender sensitivity with the existing theories of entrepreneurship and internationalization, there is a serious research gap. To fill up this research gap, this study revisits existing theories from three research domains: feminism, entrepreneurship and internationalization. Factors derived from revisiting theories of entrepreneurship and internationalization has been evaluated based on findings of review of feminist theories. Finally, key parameters have been selected to assess internationalization of women-owned SMEs, which need empirical investigation.

This study discusses the need for incorporating feminism, entrepreneurship, and internationalization foundations to assess institutional factors in international women entrepreneurship. This discussion addressed two major questions: How do we use evaluation method to examine international women entrepreneurship? How do we incorporate feminism and entrepreneurship to study internationalization of women owned SMEs. As social action is significant, this study advances an integrative view of internationalization of women-owned SMEs as a meaningful action by incorporating feminist and entrepreneurship concepts in the interplay of choice, rationality and interpretation.

This study presents evidence sufficient to show scales regarding the criteria and parameters for assessing growth and expansion of women-owned SMEs. Hence, the findings of this research will contribute at theory developing and at policymaking level and in practice at managerial level.


Danny Dorling went to university in Newcastle upon Tyne, UK, and lived there for ten years before moving to work in Bristol, Leeds and then Sheffield; again all in the UK. To try to counter his myopic world view, in 2006, Danny started working with a group of researchers on a project to remap the world (www.worldmapper.com). He is currently Professor of Human Geography at the University of Sheffield, working with the social and spatial inequalities group. His research tries to show how far understanding the patterns to people's lives can be enhanced using cartography and statistics about the population. University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK (firstname.lastname@example.com).


The relative roles of contrast and motion in the detection of targets were investigated using a television display of an artificial target inserted in several different backgrounds of varying complexity. Independent effects of both contrast and motion on the detectability of targets were found. The magnitude of these effects can be accounted for in the detection probability function by modifying the exponent with a linear contrast term and a second-power velocity term. At target speeds greater than about 5 deg/sec, the detection probability began to level off, probably due to interference of the boundaries of the display. Single-fixation experiments confirmed a larger detection field for moving targets than for static, but also demonstrated a gradual increase in the fixation time required to detect a target as a function of its distance from the fixation point.


In a transmission system, the conventional adaptive blind equalizers are implemented a direct estimation for the parameters of the equalizers. But both convergence rate of these algorithms and reliability of the regenerated signals degrade down.


This article presents a theoretical study and experimental validation of a new solar bubbler basin using as a humidifier in humidification–dehumidification desalination system. The prototype consists mainly of a simple solar basin, filled with water, through which air is forced to travel upwards in form of bubbles. A detailed mass and heat transfer analysis was elaborated to model the dynamic behavior of the new humidifier. It is through a comparison with the experimental data that the validity of the proposed model was tested. The simulation results have revealed that the humidification efficiency and the amount of evaporated water can reach 98% and 6 kg m−2 day−1, during the spring equinox. The effects of some operational parameters (water depth, inlet air temperature, and flow rate) were investigated. It was found that the inlet air temperature and flow rate have a significant effect on the water content difference in the humidifier. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 38: 518–526, 2019


The medical service market of massage has a vast range of prospect,but at present the scope of business in medical establishment of massage is faced with shrivel situation.The article has analyzed the disparity between supply and demand of medical service market of massage and discussed on countermeasure.


Modern genetics has ushered a new phase in human history and revolutionized human understanding of how living organisms are constituted and how they function. More particularly, it has revealed the processes associated with the transmission of inheritable features and characteristics to subsequent generations. The new knowledge that it generates brings promises of unprecedented preventive as well as therapeutic possibilities, especially as far as inherited diseases are concerned. These unprecedented possibilities are by no means limited to the fields of health care and life sciences as they touch many other aspects of our lives. However, as much as this genetic revolution has given rise to new exciting possibilities, it has also raised important ethical questions pertaining to the production and application of genetic knowledge. It is within this context of the double-edged nature of modern genetics that Living with the Genome: Ethical and Social Aspects of Human Genetics has to be placed. Although published in 2006, the book still provides a useful introduction to the range of ethical, legal, and social implications of modern genetic research and technology. It comprises 42 articles on a wide range of topics, which are drawn from the Encyclopedia of the Human Genome (one of the co-editors of the book, Angus Clarke, was also the editor of the "Ethics and Society" section of this reference work). The book is intended to enhance the readership of these topics by making these articles available to a wider audience beyond specialists in human genetics. In terms of its basic subject matter, genetics aims to study how living organisms both change and maintain their basic characteristics over time. This


Building designing can be made by a powerful tool, BIM-programs. With these programs, you quickly get a view of future design. Elements of the model are intelligent, which means that they are more ...


Abstract : The purpose of the State Delta Verification System (SDVS) project is to address some of the inadequacies of the currently popular certification and analysis methods (e.g. testing, simulation, and design walkthroughs) for assuring the correctness of computer systems. This ongoing effort has primarily focused on developing a theoretical framework and software tools for the formal verification of computer systems. SDVS is an automated system to help write and check proofs of the correctness of computer systems with respect to formal specifications.


The invention discloses an exocardial assisted-circulation artificial heart. The exocardial assisted-circulation artificial heart comprises a driver outside a body, an artificial blood vessel connected between a heart chamber and an artery blood vessel and communicated with the heart chamber and the artery blood vessel, and a blood pump installed into the artificial blood vessel. An impeller of the blood pump is provided with a pump magnet as a permanent magnet. The driver can produce a magnetic field alternating an N pole and S pole in the direction of the pump magnet in order to drive the pump magnet to rotate the impeller of the blood pump. The technical scheme provided by the invention helps to solve the problem that a conventional blood pump for magnetically driving an auxiliary device of the heart chamber may prevent blood from flowing back to the heart and therefore the possibility of myocardial infarction is avoided; and the auxiliary recirculation-type artificial heart which may ensure blood backflow is provided.


There is a need for the reflection in social work as in other professions. The area, problems and methods of social work are complex and it requires high quality competences. The goal of social work science is to solve these problems, but it is not yet established. Meanwhile social workers have to interact with the complexity in social work and it would be good to have a common theoretical framework at the hand. The theory of systems theory can take that role. The goal of the article is to present and review a systems theory and to describe the potentials of the theory to solve the complexity in social work. The main concepts of the theory are presented and illustrated by the examples of social work practice.


The structure, study topics, straw-man muon collider parameter sets and technical challenges for ''Six-Month Study on High Energy Muon Colliders: Oct'00-Apr'0l'' have been summarized at one month from completion of the study. The extremely high constituent particle energies and luminosities of the parameter sets presented in table 1 continue to suggest that muon colliders could play a central role in exploring and extending the HEP energy frontier. The study has already resulted in encouraging progress in areas such as the final focus lattice design and cost-efficient acceleration.


The lateral dimensions of resonant tunneling AlGaAs-GaAs double barrier heterostructures have been restricted by hydrogen plasma exposure. Ohmic contacts to the submicron diodes have been made by solid phase epitaxial growth of Ge on GaAs. The current-voltage characteristics show a fine structure splitting that is inversely proportional to the lateral size of the diode. The results are interpreted as resonant tunneling through zero-dimensional states in the quantum box confined by the AlGaAs barriers and a harmonic lateral confining potential.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.


Is the belief in divine control associated with the generalized sense of personal control? Using data from a 2005 nationally representative survey of 1,800 adults in the United States, I test two competing views: the relinquished control versus the personal empowerment hypotheses. Results support the relinquished control hypothesis. Individuals who believe in divine control tend to report significantly lower levels of personal control-but that association is contingent upon other dimensions of the religious role. Specifically, I observe a significantly stronger negative association between belief in divine control and personal control among individuals who report lower levels of subjective religiosity and less frequent praying and attendance activities. Moreover, the interrelationships among these four dimensions of the religious role reveal important suppression effects in their influence on personal control. I discuss the ways that these observations contribute to theoretical views about the complex interactions among religious precepts, practices, and generalized expectancies of personal control.


The utility model discloses a round bundle machine, which comprises a frame, a suspension bracket at the front end of the frame, a driven tail wheel at the back end of the frame, a round bundle working chamber on the frame, a picker suspended at the front end of the working chamber, a driven wheel at one side of the working chamber and a dual-power input device connected with the driven wheel, wherein the dual-power input device is composed of a front power input device and a side power input device. The utility model can apply dynamic picking and bundling, and apply fixed picking and bundling, at different working positions and conditions, to provide multifunction and improve the generality and utilization of mechanical equipment.


Over the last fifteen years, the word Spin has come to define both the process of political communication, and the practice of public relations itself. The history of the term requires some examination. Arguably, until around 1992, Spin did not have such a widespread meaning—it was simply one tactic in an election campaigner's armoury.

Now it seems to embrace the whole process of communication, not only between election campaigners and the media, but also between a Government and its people, or between a public relations professional in any field, and his or her target publics.

The development of Spin as a word has gone through a number of stages which will be addressed in the course of this paper. It now has widespread popular usage, which has arisen through two principal processes: The increasing celebrity status of the spin-doctor role: and the usefulness of the word to tabloid sub-editors.

By 1997, when New Labour came into Government, the discourse of spin was firmly established.

Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Syllabus are crucial tools that aid university teachers in explaining to students the goal and course direction. Syllabi creation and storage using conventional methods can get tiresome and time-consuming. At a sizable private institution, the Center for Teaching and Learning has created a tool to speed up the process of creating, modifying, and saving syllabi. The designer and developer will introduce and demonstrate the recently developed tool during the roundtable session, facilitate a discussion about how the tool can be used to enhance communication between teachers, students, and departments, and then give the attendees the opportunity to use the tool. Easy to view the students syllabus detail. Identify the particular set of the syllabus of the students. It is easy for each subject faculty. Serve as the framework for the selected course materials, course details, and method of instructions. University teaching and learning is always accessed through syllabi. Using this analogy as a foundation, this paper introduces Open Syllabus, a model-based REACT JS, NODE JS, MANGO DB approach to course outlines for online courses. The resources (files, citations, assignments, etc.), activities (quiz, forum, etc.), and course information (description, objectives, etc.) are all organized in Open Syllabus in a way that gives instructors direction, students navigational clarity, and export/import capabilities for sharing content across platforms.


Due to the large volume of polymeric residues, a wide problem was found in the proper disposal on its treatment. In this way, the process of reusing the polymer to the applicability, together with the components of the mortar, was studied, in order to determine its properties in the fresh state. Therefore, the objective of the present work is to analyze the influence of the application of crushed polypropylene (PP) residues on the mortar properties in the fresh state, from the Solid Waste Cooperative of Tucurui. For the development of the research the collection and the processing of the residue were carried out, the obtained data were analyzed through the methodology of the properties in the fresh state, determining its retention of water, consistency and air content incorporated. The results of the samples presented better values in water retention and incorporated air content for PP mortars when compared to conventional mortars, however, there was a loss of consistency. Considering that the use of polymeric residues, although little diffused still produce viable mortars besides proposing the technical feasibility of alternative materials emphasizing the concept of sustainability.


In a recent letter Vestine and Sibley [1959] noted that the integral invariant of auroral particle motion I=∫mNms1−F/Fmdl(1)appears to predict successfully features associ- ated with auroral isochasms, when the geo-magnetic field in space can be computed. In equation 1, dl is an element of length of a geo-magnetic line of force along which the charged particle is spiraling while slowly drifting to adjacent lines. In the integral, F is the geo- magnetic field strength, and Fm the field value at which the particle is reflected (the mirror point). In fact (1−F/Fm)1/2v=vpis regarded as the approximate component of the velocity parallel to the field line, where v is the total velocity of the particle.


We study the equilibration properties of classical integrable field theories at a finite energy density, with a time evolution that starts from initial conditions far from equilibrium. These classical field theories may be regarded as quantum field theories in the regime of high occupation numbers. This observation permits to recover the classical quantities from the quantum ones by taking a proper ℏ→0 limit. In particular, the time averages of the classical theories can be expressed in terms of a suitable version of the LeClair–Mussardo formula relative to the generalized Gibbs ensemble. For the purposes of handling time averages, our approach provides a solution of the problem of the infinite gap solutions of the inverse scattering method.


Disclosed is a light emitting device having vertically stacked light emitting diodes. It comprises a lower semiconductor layer of a first conductive type positioned on a substrate, a semiconductor layer of a second conductive type on the lower semiconductor layer of a first conductive type, and an upper semiconductor layer of a first conductive type on the semiconductor layer of a second conductive type. Furthermore, a lower active layer is interposed between the lower semiconductor layer of a first conductive type and the semiconductor layer of a second conductive type, and an upper active layer is interposed between the semiconductor layer of a second conductive type and the upper semiconductor layer of a first conductive type. Accordingly, there is provided a light emitting device having a structure in which a lower light emitting diode comprising the lower active layer and an upper light emitting diode comprising the upper active layer are vertically stacked. Therefore, light output per unit area of the light emitting device is enhanced as compared with a conventional light emitting device, and thus, a chip area of the light emitting device needed to obtain the same light output as the conventional light emitting device can be reduced.


The United States Air Force Academy (AFA) has asked the Los Alamos National Laboratory to assist them in conducting detailed energy and solar analyses of selected AFA buildings using the DOE-2 building energy analysis computer program. The results of the energy conservation study conducted by Los Alamos in FY 1981 and 1982 for Building 2360 (Vandenberg Hall), Building 2169 (Field House), and Building 2410 (Aeronautics Laboratory) are presented. Energy Conservation and Solar Opportunities (ECOs) are identified for each building and predicted heating, cooling and electric energy savings are presented for each ECO. Economic results are summarized as annual dollars saved, discounted benefit-to-cost ratio, maximum investment targets, and the life-cycle cost of implementing each ECO.


Elm tents for the dilatation of the cervix uteri are discussed. It was proposed that for more satisfactory diagnosis and treatment of certain forms of uterine disease tents of elm bark should be used. Disadvantages of the use of sponge tents are outlined. The expansibility of slippery elm is inferior to that of sponge but if the bark is of good quality it will generally be sufficient for every practical purpose. A marked superiority of the elm over the sponge was noted in the area of tainting upon withdrawal from the vagina. The abundant mucilage poured forth from the cells of the elm is another advantage. Also the elm affords a perfect sheath to all irritated or diseased surfaces.


In this study we compare Mediterranean stocks of Delphinus delphis (L., 1758) with other populations of the same species coming from different seas using a geometric morphometrics method. The aim is to define the patterns of geographical variation of Delphinus delphis through a geometric morphometrics analysis of the skulls of 124 individuals from seven marine areas (West and East Pacific Ocean; North-east and South-East Atlantic Ocean, West and East Indian Ocean, Mediterranenan Sea). Index Terms — common dolphin, geometric morphometrics, skulls. —————————— u ——————————


It is important for schools to create and maintain good and healthy indoor environment in order to accomplish their core mission of educating and improving their students' academic achievements. This becomes very important if the occupants are children because they are known to be very vulnerable. This study presents the findings of preliminary investigation into the indoor air quality (IAQ) conditions of a classroom in four public elementary schools across Dubai using walkthrough investigation and objective measurement methods. Physical and chemical parameters were measured in selected classrooms for 6–7 h during school period. Majority of the environmental parameters exceed recommended threshold limits provided by cognizance authorities. This study is important because it shows the need for monitoring (a practice which is non-existing) IAQ conditions seriously in UAE elementary schools. Understanding of IAQ conditions is a step forward towards providing indoor environmentally responsible solutions that could be used to improve school children health and comfort, performance and increase their attendance rates.


316 Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering & Sciences Publication Pvt. Ltd. Abstract— This paper proposes a variance based metho d for ultrasonic defect detection for non-destructive testing of maraging steel. Maraging steel is a carbon free iro n-nickel alloy which has superior strength and toughness. It also h as a high malleability making possible for it to be easily ma chined and welded. Maraging steels are used extensively in the space industry for the construction of rocket motor casings, owing to its greater strength and fracture toughness. During its fabric ation, defects like cracks may develop in the maraging steel. The cracks have a tendency to grow and spread, eventually leading to the fracture of the material. Non-destructive testing methods like ultrasound testing are used for the regular inspection of mara ging steel rocket motor cases. Improving the probability of de tection is a demanding task since the space industry has a very rigorous acceptance criteria and the permissibility of defec ts is very small. The sensitivity and resolution of ultrasonic system s is greatly reduced by the noise in the acquired ultrasound sig nals produced due to the coarse and textured microstructure of ma raging steel. The main goal here is to successfully detect the de fect signal hidden in the noise. Defects of a large size may be easier to detect, but the difficulty arises in the case of smaller de fects which produces ultrasonic echoes whose amplitude is simila r to that of the material noise. Successful detection of these s maller defects is essential for the space vehicle to achieve its desi gned payload capacity. The method presented here calculates and compares the variance of the acquired ultrasound signals, for se parating the defect signal from noise. Further improvement in the detection can be achieved by comparing variance of Fourier tra nsform coefficients of the acquired signals.


This chapter talks about the production of David Lynch's Dune through the lens of the film's reputation, histories, and key players. It discusses the collaboration with El Topo director Alejandro Jodorowsky and famed French comic artist Jean 'Moebius' Giraud for the filming of Dune. It also recounts how the project for Dune sparked to life with the arrival of Lynch, who was fresh off the success of the Academy Award-nominated film The Elephant Man. The chapter mentions Lynch's reputation before and since Dune, which became part of its story, especially how the film sits both inside and outside a canonical view of his work. It outlines the events of the energetic phase that brought the Dune project to fruition.


In this paper, application of simulation techniques for the evaluation of a steam flood pilot test is described. The pilot test has been conducted with a single inverted five spot pattern in a heavy oil reservoir.Thermal reservoir simulators generally take more calculation time than isothermal ones because both energy balance equations and material balance equations have to be solved; small time step sizers are required to establish numerical stability due to steep reduction in heavy oil viscosity with temperature increment. Thus, most of the application of the simulation to real field has been aimed at such a limited area as 1/8 symmetric element of a whole flood pattern.In the previous issue, the process and the results of simulation study using 1/8 symmetric model was presented. The results were examined and proved to be basically reasonable in comparison with actual reservoir performance observed by several monitoring methods.In this paper, a full pattern model including all pattern wells is constructed. History match for about two years of steamflood performance is done where some knowledge obtained in the previous issue is utilized. Furthermore, influence of fluid conductivity across a fault suggested in a geological study of the field is investigated with the model. At last, the importance of reservoir monitoring, for instance, bottomhole temperature survey, for the restriction of degree of freedom of the full pattern model, is discussed.


This study presents the design and experimental characterisation of single-layer solenoid air-core inductors. The analytical expressions for the winding inductance, self-capacitance, and winding resistance are derived. The inductor properties are analysed up to the first self-resonant frequency. The procedure to design air-core inductors for high-frequency (HF) applications is provided. Experimental validations of the analytical equations are given. A single-layer air-core 20 μ H inductor was designed, built, and measured. The bandwidth of the designed inductor obtained from theoretical predictions was about 100 MHz. The measured quality factor was 181 at 1 MHz. The results of this study are useful for engineers and designers in the areas of power supplies, datacentres, radio-frequency power amplifiers, radio-frequency transmitters, and HF filters.


The previous scholars' views on the scope and the type of Chinese temporal adverbs are dramatically different.The article points out that the scope and the type of the temporal adverbs should be classified according to their aspect function.Then the article divides the temporal adverbs into three types:quantification temporal adverbs,bounded temporal adverbs and process adverbs.


Stomach samples from Northeast Arctic cod (Gadus morhua L.) in the Barents Sea were analysed to study size-dependent predation on juvenile Norwegian spring-spawning herring (Clupea harengus L.). The relationship between prey and predator body lengths was examined by regression analysis, separately for the first and second halves of the year. The slopes of the relationships were similar for both halves of the year. The effects of feeding motivation of individual cod and the occurrence of capelin (Mallotus villosus Müller, 1776) were included in the regression. In the first half of the year, cod <34 cm did not eat herring if capelin was present. For larger cod the body size of herring consumed increased with the level of feeding motivation, and was highest for cod with capelin in the environment. Feeding motivation and occurrence of capelin had no effect in the second half of the year. Cod <25 cm rarely consumed herring. In general, the age of herring eaten increased with cod size. The youngest age group of herring was consumed by cod of size 25-75 cm from the moment they entered the Barents Sea in the autumn and throughout the winter. The age-dependent spatial distribution of herring in the cod stomachs conformed to the general geographical distribution of different age groups of juvenile herring in the Barents Sea.


N.a.v. Geoff Broughton, A Practical Christology for Pastoral Supervision. Explorations in Practical, Pastoral and Empirical Theology (Londen: Routledge, 2021) 156 p., GBP 96,00 (ISBN 9780367745066).


[Purpose] To investigate the expressions of S100A4 protein in lung adenocarcinoma tissues,cancer around tissues and normal lung tissues and their clinical significance.[Methods]The expression of S100A4 protein was detected by SP immunohistochemistry in 47 cases with lung adenocarcinoma and cancer around tissues(approximately 3~5cm from the cancer tissues),15 cases with normal lung tissues.[Results] There was no S100A4 expression in normal lung tissues.The positive expression rates of S100A4 were 12.8%(6/47)in cancer around tissues and 59.6%(28/47)in lung adenocarcinoma tissues.There was significantly difference between lung adenocarcinoma and normal tissue or cancer around tissues(P0.05).The expression of S100A4 protein in lung adenocarcinoma was associated with both differentiation grade and lymph node metastasis.[Conclusions] Expression of S100A4 protein was positively related with the occurrence or lymph node metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma,and negtively related with its differentiation.


Too much emphasis has been placed on technological innovation; it is necessary to consider the processes that are necessary to produce and distribute new products, and also to develop the accompanying knowledge base and motivations. The innovation process is nonlinear when seen in human terms. A study has been made of the ways in which public and private institutions can facilitate the widespread use of solar technologies for building. A survey of early users reveals a number of problems including; surviving false starts, involving key participants, overcoming lack of knowledge, resolving difficulties with bidding and quality assurance, etc. The use of solar technologies involves changes in the industry and the adoption of a knowledge-based approach.


Background

Porcine cysticercosis is endemic in Tanzania, especially in the southern, central part and northern highlands of the country. The disease reduces meat quality and affects pig industry. This study investigated porcine cysticercosis prevalence and possible risk factors for reference in preparation for sustainable control measures.
Methods

Current seroprevalence and potential risk factors were studied in selected ward/villages of Iringa district council, in the southern highland of Tanzania, prior to a digital health education intervention. A total of 346 pigs from 88 households of Izazi, Migoli and Mlowa wards were studied using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), which detects Taenia species antigens (Ag) in sera. Questionnaire used to dig information on pig management and sanitation and hygiene practices.
Results

The AgELISA detected 22.3% of the surveyed pigs as positive for porcine cysticercosis. The detected porcine cysticercosis seropositivity ranged between 21.3% and 25.7% per individual ward, with at least one seropositive pig in 53.4% of the surveyed households. Confining pigs was significantly related to low porcine cysticercosis seropositivity (OR = 2.426; 95% CI = 1.202–5.300; p = 0.026), whereas scavenging pigs had two times chance of being Ag-ELISA seropositive.
Conclusions

Pig confinement and feeding skills and community sensitization on hygiene and sanitation are recommended. Therefore, practical ways of delivering health education to rural communities such as the studied community should be investigated.


Barbara Webster, Marooned: Rockhampton's Great Flood of 1918, Brisbane: Cooperative Research Centre for Coastal Zone, Estuary and Waterway Management, 2003. 134 + vii pp. $29.95.


We introduce a versatile mechanism of light-driven self-propelled motion applied to porous Janus-type particles. The mechanism is based on the generation of local light-driven diffusio-osmotic (l-LDDO) flow around each single porous particle subjected to suitable irradiation conditions. The photosensitivity is introduced by a cationic azobenzene containing surfactant, which undergoes a photoisomerization reaction from a more hydrophobic trans-state to a rather hydrophilic cis-state under illumination with light. The negatively charged porous silica particles are dispersed in a corresponding aqueous solution and absorb molecules in their trans-state but expel them in their cis-state. During illumination with blue light triggering both trans-cis and cis-trans isomerization at the same time, the colloids start to move due to the generation of a steady-state diffusive flow of cis-isomers out of and trans-isomers into the particle. This is because a hemi-spherical metal cap partially sealing the colloid breaks the symmetry of the otherwise radially directed local flow around the particle, leading to self-propelled motion. Janus particles exhibit superdiffusive motion with a velocity of ∼0.5 μm/s and a persistence length of ca. 50 μm, confined to microchannels the direction can be maintained up to 300 μm before rotational diffusion reverts it. Particles forming dimers of different shapes can be made to travel along circular trajectories. The unique feature of this mechanism is that the strength of self-propulsion can be tuned by convenient external optical stimuli (intensity and irradiation wavelength) such that a broad variety of experimental situations can be realized in a spatiotemporal way and in situ.We introduce a versatile mechanism of light-driven self-propelled motion applied to porous Janus-type particles. The mechanism is based on the generation of local light-driven diffusio-osmotic (l-LDDO) flow around each single porous particle subjected to suitable irradiation conditions. The photosensitivity is introduced by a cationic azobenzene containing surfactant, which undergoes a photoisomerization reaction from a more hydrophobic trans-state to a rather hydrophilic cis-state under illumination with light. The negatively charged porous silica particles are dispersed in a corresponding aqueous solution and absorb molecules in their trans-state but expel them in their cis-state. During illumination with blue light triggering both trans-cis and cis-trans isomerization at the same time, the colloids start to move due to the generation of a steady-state diffusive flow of cis-isomers out of and trans-isomers into the particle. This is because a hemi-spherical metal cap partially sealing the colloid breaks...


In the year 2008, 166 apple, bean, carrot, cucumber, lettuce, pear, potato and spinach samples from Slovene producers were analysed for plant protection product residues. The samples were analysed for the presence of 158 different active compounds using three analytical methods. In two samples (1.2%) exceeded maximum residue levels (MRLs) were determined which is better than the results of the monitoring of pesticide residues in the products of plant origin in the 27 European Union, Member States (EU MS) and 2 European Free Trade Association (EFTA) States: Norway and Iceland in 2008 (2.2%). The most frequently found active substance in agricultural products was dithiocarbamates. Products which contained 4 or more active substances per sample were apples and pears.


With powdered converter slag used as a seed crystal, the effects of slag dosage, pH, temperature, and Ca2+ concentration on phosphate removal from synthetic solution through crystallization were investigated in batch experiments. The results indicated that slag concentration of 1.7 g/L, pH value of 9-10, reaction time of 3h , reaction temperature of 20-25℃, Ca/P molar ratio of 2, seemed to be the favorable conditions. Under the optimal reaction condition, the removal efficiencies of the swine farm wastewater and the supernate of concentrated sludge , were 95.36% and 96.54%, respectively. After converter slag as a seed material was used for ten times, the P removal efficiency was still above 80%. The Scanning electron micrograph (SEM) images and X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of converter slag before and after phosphorus crystallization confirmed the formation of crystalline hydroxyapatite. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) mapping analysis revealed that the molar composition ratio of Ca/P of the crystalline material was 1.72. The Ca/P molar ratio > 1.67 for crystalline substance might result from the presence of CaCO3 on the crystalline surfaces. The results indicated that total P contents in the generated crystallization products of up to 14.5 % P-tot (33.2 % P2O5) were achieved, and was comparable to natural phosphate rock.


The projected impact of nanotechnology has been touted as a second industrial revolution - not the third, fourth, or fifth- because despite similar predictions for technologies such as computers and robotics, nothing has yet eclipsed the first. Society is undergoing a revolution that will transform the ways in which materials and products are created. How will this revolution develop? The opportunities that will open in the future will depend significantly upon the ways in which a number of challenges are met. As we design systems on a nanoscale, we develop the capability to redesign the structure of all materials-natural and synthetic-along with rethinking the new possibilities of the reconstruction of any and all materials. Such changes in our design power introduce tremendous social and ethical questions. To enable our future leadership to make decisions for sustainable and economic nanotechnological development, it is imperative that we educate all nanotechnology stakeholders about the short-term and long-term benefits, limitations, and risks of nanotechnology. The ethical and social implications of nanotechnology encompass many key areas associated with development, such as privacy, security, the environment, and food and agriculture. This paper presents an overview of new and emerging nanotechnologies and applications and their ethical and social implications in addressing 21st century challenges and issues. The discussion addresses a range of different types of nanotechnologies and their potential risks and benefits for society. The paper also highlights the teaching methodologies and approaches used to teach Science, Technology, and Society (STS) courses, such as the one at DeVry University.


Dormancy is a complex and dynamic morphological, physiological, and biochemical mechanism in which there are no visible external changes or growth and there is a temporary suspension of apparent growth of any plant part having a meristem (Lang et al., 1987).Studies pertaining to bulb dormancy have been conducted by several authors (Wareing and Saunders, 1971; Kamerbeek et al., 1972; Rudnicki, 1974). Dormancy is used to describe the natural phenomenon of growth cessation marked by partial metabolic arrest with its induction and termination under hormonal control. Dormancy has also been reflected to represent a period of intra bulb development (Kamenetsky, 1994). The phenomenon of dormancy appears to be elusive as the process itself; besides it is difficult to describe dormancy as an active or passive period in life cycle. How a metabolically active plant suspends its activities and resumes growth after the conditions become favourable point to the possible existence of a dormancy clock. The physical environment exerts a marked influence on dormancy which is usually International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 8 Number 04 (2019) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com


Abstract : As the strategic importance of the Third World increases, more emphasis is being placed on operations short of war in underdevloped nations. One potential instrument for promoting stability in a region, thereby advancing U.S. interests, is developmental assistance in the form of infrastructure planning, design and construction. This study seeks to examine nation building as an instrument of U.S. strategy in terms of benefits versus liabilities and to examine conditions that must exist for nation building to be successful. It provides a general overview of the current U.S. nation building posture and players. The purpose for examining nation building as an instrument of U.S. strategy and the current U.S. posture and structure is to identify a set of pitfalls that have derailed past programs; identify: the challenges that must be addressed to initiate new programs; a set of principles for success in nation building program; and to put forward a general concept and organizational structure for future nation building programs with emphasis on the engineer contribution to this effort. Keywords: Military assistance; Nation building.


Transmission electron microscope and HPLC were adopted to study cellular ultrastructures and aloin contents of Aloe vera L.growing under shaded condition and natural light.The observation by transmission electron microscope indicated that while A.vera L.had been shaded for six months,it showed decreased chloroplast grana and decreased and loosely arranged thylakoid lamellas in its leaf cells and the starch originally accumulated in its leaf plastids declined until it disappeared,presented such underdeveloped inner-membrane systems as endoplasmic reticula and golgiosomes.HPLC analysis indicated that A.vera L.growing under shaded conditions had remarkably lower aloin content in its leaves that it growing under natural light did.The aloin content of the young leaves under shaded conditions was only 63.33% of that under natural light and the aloin content of the mature leaves under shaded condition was 23.77% of that under natural light.Whether A.vera L.grew under shaded conditions or natural light,its aloin content was significantly and negatively correlated with the age of the leaves and the age of its mature leaves showed much more influence.The results in these two respects indicated that shading first exerted influence on the development of inner-membrance systems in the leaves of A.vera L.and then affect aloin synthesis and transport thereby reducing the aloin content in the leaves of A.vera L.


Injection-molded short- and long-glass fiber/polyamide 6,6 composites were subjected to tensile tests. To measure the effectiveness of the fibers in reinforcing the composites, a computational approach was employed to compute the fiber–matrix ISS, orientation factor, reinforcement efficiency, tensile-, and fiber length-related properties. Although the LFCs showed great improvement in fiber characteristics compared to the SFCs, enhancement in tensile properties was small, which is believed to be due to the larger fiber diameter. Kelly–Tyson model provides good approximation for the computation of ISS and tensile-related properties.


The invention provides a vial sorting device. An annealing furnace mesh belt is driven through an annealing furnace driving device fixed onto an annealing furnace support, and annealed vials are conveyed out continuously from the annealing furnace mesh belt. The conveying tail end of the annealing furnace mesh belt is connected with a primary conveying belt. A primary conveying baffle corresponds to a flat plate vial pushing device of a primary groove-type conveying device in position, the flat plate vial pushing device corresponds to the primary groove-type conveying device, and a pointed vial pushing device is perpendicular to a conveying frame of the primary groove-type conveying device. A vial direction adjusting inclined table comprises a direction adjusting inclined table body, a left inclined table adjusting device and a right inclined table adjusting device. A secondary mesh belt conveying device comprises a flat plate vial pushing device, a secondary conveying belt, a secondary conveying transmission structure and a secondary conveying mechanism support. A secondary horizontal groove-type conveying device comprises a flat plate vial pushing device, a vial camera shooting detection device, a defective product basket, a horizontal groove-type vial conveying mechanism, a defective product removing air cylinder and a vial packaging mechanism. The vial sorting device has the advantages of being simple in structure, and capable of realizing regular and orderly arrangement of vials.


In the early Sixties typical reef facies were determined in Sakmar sediments of the Sarpinsko-Tingutin area of the border zone of the Peri-Caspian depression. The present paper treats the distribution of reefs in the entire western border area of the Peri-Caspian depression. Reef facies overlapped by upper Artinsk sulfate-dolomite units are now known in Assel, Sakmar, and lower Artinsk sediments along almost all the border flexure. The reefs are quite thick, up to 700 m; this exceeds greatly the thickness of the shelf deposits, which are 100-150 m. Three types of reefs are recognized. reef draping sediments


In article the context approach to teaching of social and humanitarian disciplines in engineering training is considered, questions of formation of the professional engineering culture are staticized.


PURPOSE: To improve the efficiency of a washing work in a washing machine, reduce the amount of use of a detergent and decrease an environmental pollution due to a drainage by effectively using the property of an inorganic material with a purifying function such as charcoal (binchotan, a hard charcoal in Japan). CONSTITUTION: A purifier with which the drum of a washing machine is charged to purify washing water comprises an accommodation bag 12 made of lipophilic fibers and having a water flow property, inorganic material pieces 14 with a stain adsorbing function with which the accommodation bag 12 is filled and specific gravity adjusting pieces 16 for adjusting the specific gravity of all the purifier 10 to 0.9 to 0.93, which are uniformly mixed with the inorganic material pieces 14 and with which the accommodation bag 12 is filled.


This paper presents a new multiple feature learning approach for accurate spectral-spatial classification of hyperspec-tral images. The proposed method integrates multiple features based on the logarithmic opinion pool. We consider subspace multinomial logistic regression for classification as it exhibits a flexible structure for the combination of multiple features through the posterior probability. At the same time, it is able to cope with highly mixed hyperspectral data and with the presence of limited training samples. In this work, we considered lowpass filtering and morphological attribute profiles for spatial feature extraction. Our experimental results with a real hyperspectral images collected by the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory's Airborne Visible Infra-Red Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) indicate that the proposed method exhibits state-of-the-art classification performance.


This research was carried out to determine the views of the players of the Turkish Handball Super League clubs with some of the demographic variables regarding the risks they perceived. In the study was used the "general screening model" which is one of the descriptive screening methods. The study population was consisted of 435 athletes who were actively engaged in the Turkish Handball Super League teams, and its sample was consisted of randomly and casually selected 376 sporterswho were playing in different clubs. The Gök's questionnaire (2006) of a risk assessment in the sport was used in the study as a data collecting means. The reliability and validity study of the questionnaire used in this research was carried out and theCronbach's alpha value of the questionnaire used, was found to be 0.71. Arithmetic mean ( X ), Kruskal-Wallis and LSD, Mann-Whitney U, F tests were used in the data analysis, and the data were analyzed using a statistical software package. The significance level was accepted as 05 in order to determine whether there is a difference among the demographic variables in the conducted survey. The difference among the levels of risk of the athletes participating in the study according to the variables of gender, the year of playing handball and the team played in, was statistically found significant (p> 0.05). In any case, the difference between them in accordance with the variables of age, marital status and education level was not found significant (p>0,05). As the result of research it was found that the female players compared to male players, the players with high school level education compared to the players with university and post-graduate education, the players who are between the ages of 16-17 compared to the players of 18-21, 22-25, 26-29, and over 30 years of age, the players who have been playing handball for 1 to 5 years compared to the players who have been playing handball for 6-10, 1115, 16-20, 21 years and above, perceived the risks in a higher level. And it was concluded that the variable of marital status was not a factor in determining the riskfrom the point of the players.


To extract life-parameter signal by applying LMS algorithm to filter the radar echo signals.Detecting human body behind the brick wall with UWB impact pulse radar,collecting radar echo signals,then extracting life-parameter signal from echo by LMS algorithm.LMS algorithm can extract life-parameter signal in radar echo after a series signal pre-processes.


Our main purpose in this note is to prove the class of BCC -algebras as a subclass of K -algebras. Further it is shown that:(i) the class of B -algebras is equivalent to the class of BCCI -algebras, (ii) a BCCI -algebra is a member of the subclass of K -algebras in which B -algebras lies, if the group G is non-abelian. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification. 06F35. Key words and phrases. K -algebra, B -algebra, BCC -algebra, BCK -algebra and BCCI -algebra.


The cooperative network is possibly the biggest collective of small farmers and other small entrepreneurs in India, and Primary Agricultural Credit Cooperative Societies (PACS) provide its strong foundation. Formed in the aftermath of famines during the colonial period, the cooperative network was seen as a beacon of hope post-independence for the social and economic development of the people, particularly in the rural areas. However, the promise has been squandered through mismanagement and corruption, lack of autonomy and widespread bureaucratisation and politicisation of the cooperative process. The majority of cooperative societies are today in deep economic distress, and it has been recommended to downscale PACS. That would be unfortunate, if done, because in an otherwise increasingly corporatised controlled globalisation, the cooperatives can find valuable conducive space and offer a viable ray of hope.


The Working Group on Accessibility and Disability (WGAD) of the American Astronomical Society published a comprehensive list of accessibility recommendations for professional astronomy journals, based on the first-hand experience of both higher education students and professional astronomers. The recommendations include accessibility strategies intended to improve access for a wide range of disabled and neurodiverse readers, with particular attention to the way readers with visual, motor, and cognitive disabilities cope with information in a digital interface. In this paper we use the tools of critical discourse analysis (CDA) to compare the recommended strategies to the digital discursive modes currently employed by leading astronomy journals. Raters analyzed discourse modes for a sample of 256 astronomy journal articles, including the usage of linguistic indicators, digital architecture, and information display. We identify emergent categories of access barriers faced by disabled astronomers, and identify strategies in the journal papers addressing those emergent categories. We compare the discourse modes currently used in astronomy publications with the access barriers and recommended strategies described by the WGAD document. Our analysis found that discourses in astronomical publications were typically constituted with the expectation of various shared commonalities between the author and the reader, including: 1. Same sensorial modality of interaction; 2. Same experiential knowledge as authors; 3. Same access to information as authors; 4. Same linguistic knowledge as authors; 5. Same cognitive strategies as authors; 6. Same socioeconomic status and background. This case study may serve as a baseline for future studies on how inaccessible textual discourse, digital architecture, and digital display in STEM journals enhance professional inequalities. Examining how current standard journal standards impact the transition to different professional career stages would help to identify alternate discursive strategies which would improve accessibility.


Like so many other physicists, I emerged into the postwar climate of our country in the fall of 1945, having spent nearly six years on work that bordered more nearly on applied than pure science. The first part of the war had been devoted to ordnance and ballistics, the intermediate part to the development of radar components, such as diodes and oscilloscope screens, and the last part to the Plutonium Project at Chicago—all climaxed by a number of months as one of the scientific intelligence officers in SHAEF. With my colleagues at the Carnegie Institute of Technology, plans were laid for research in the coming period. We hoped that we could find the funds to match our dreams even modestly.


In the Randers area of Denmark urinary iodine excretion (which reflects iodine intake) was found to be much lower than recommended intake levels, both in women in late pregnancy [52(23–118) pg iodine/g creatinine, median, range, n = 20] and in non‐pregnant controls [42(23–711, n = 20]. Serum thyroglobulin which is high in iodine deficiency was 32.5 pgA (median) (range 10.5–78.0) in the control women and considerably higher in the pregnant women [67.0 pgll (9.0–385)]. This increase was probably due to the extra iodine requirement of pregnancy which was not satisfied with an adequate increase in iodine intake. The results may suggest that pregnant women in this area should receive iodine supplementation and that a general program of iodine supplementation should be considered.


Raman excitation profiles (REPs) from a highly excited state in azulene are presented for several vibrational modes. These include four fundamentals, a combination, and an overtone. Experimental REPs are compared to transform theory predictions which are based on the observable absorption spectrum (ABS) of the resonant electronic state. Though both the REPs and the ABS are multimode in nature, the transform provides a single mode link between the two and allows for extraction of excited state parameters on a mode by mode basis. For several modes, excited state frequencies and Franck–Condon coupling constants are estimated. Observed discrepancies between experiment and transform for other modes raise questions as to the applicability of the ''standard assumptions'' on which the transform is based to all of the vibrational modes in this electronic state. The strongly enhanced Raman scattering also allows depolarization ratios to be determined for all the azulene symmetric ring vibrations and directly confir...


Objective To investigate the effects and possible mechanism of transplantation of adipose stromal vascular fraction(SVF)on myocardial remodeling of heart failure induced by Adriamycin in rat. Method SVF were isolated from Sprague-Dawley(SD)rat adipose tissue and marked with green fluorescent protein(GFP)in vitro. 24SD rats were randomized into 3groups(n=8):Normal Control, Heart Failure and SVF Treated. Adriamycin 15mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected twice a week for 4 weeks to induce heart failure rat models. SVF cells(0.5mL,107 L-1)was injected via penis vein of SVF Treated group rats,and PBS vehicle was injected in the same way in the contral groups. Rat cardiac function was determined by poly physiography via cardiac catheterization 4weeks later. SVF were demonstrated in the myocardium by frozen section fluorescence microscope. Then,histopathological with picrosirius stains and procollagen typeⅠcarboxylpropetide(PICP)/procollagentypeⅢ N-terminalpropetide(PⅢNP)ELISA examination were also performed. Results Compared with Normal Contral group, both Heart Failure group and SVF Treated group LVSP,+dp/dtmax and-dp/dtmax decreased(P0.05 ~0.01),while CVF,PICP and PⅢNP(P0.05~0.01)increased in blood plasma;Compared with Heart Failure group,SVF transplantation increased LVSP,+dp/dtmax,-dp/dtmax(P0.05),but decreased CVF,PICP,and PⅢNP(P0.05)in blood plasma. Conclusions The transplantation of SVF inhibited myocardial remodeling by decreasing myocardial collagen synthesis and deposition in the rat models of adriamycin-induced heart failure,and improved the cardiac function.


A hoard of five silver arm-rings, probably from Scotland, is reconstructed on the basis of three extant rings in the British Museum and five base-metal copies in the National Museum of Ireland.


SUMMARY Extensions of robust estimators for the location of a symmetric distribution are given for the quantal bioassay problem. Asymptotic properties of the estimators are derived. A comparison in terms of asymptotic efficiencies under different tolerance distributions is made between the Spearman-Karber estimator and the trimmed mean and Tukey biweight estimators.


Concrete is one of the key material used in the construction industry. Concrete is used as a compressive material and it is also reinforced by rebar's to improve its tensile strength. Due to rapid urbanization concrete use is getting huge demand and it became a major business industry. Whereas, it also utilizes natural resources to the same hasty level. Therefore, this paper utilizes waste tissues of a university as an aggregate replacer. The different test was performed in a green and hardened state. It is observed that the new concrete is good in workability and it has normal temperature but it is not good at resisting higher compressive loads. Similarly, the waste material collected after the tests and utilized in making a commercial product. This paper aims to save the environment by utilizing different types of waste in making useful items to save resources.


While most people are aware of the importance of the outdoor environment, especially in relation to climate change issues but also related more directly to our health, the effects of indoor environment quality are not that common knowledge. Who doesn't know by now that air pollution such as fine dust and noise pollution from aeroplanes are important issues, or that too much sunlight can be very unhealthy. Most of us don't realize that people in the Western world in general spend 80-90% of their time indoors (e.g. at home, at school and at the office). Exposure indoors is thus much longer than outdoors. Nevertheless, the understanding of that indoor environment has only just began.


A model based on the mathematics of diffusion was developed to predict the retention of vitamin C of potato strips blanched in water. The vitamin C loss mechanism is by diffusion in unsteady state, considering the losses caused by enzymatic action or thermal degradation to be negligible. The apparent diffusion coefficient of vitamin C in potato is supposed to be constant with the concentration, and variable with the temperature according to equation Da= Da0 exp (− Ea/Ra T), in which Da0 and Ea are experimental values different in the 25–65°C and 65–100°C temperature ranges. The model determines adimensional average temperatures and vitamin C average concentration as a function of blanching time, at 66, 77 and 88°C, in straight cut potato strips of 9.5 × 9.5 × 96, 11 × 11 × 96 and 13 × 13 × 96 mm, with heat transfer coefficients ∞, 1000 and 300 W/m20C, respectively. The model was verified using published data.


For the existing problems in non-computer professional computer education of university, the characteristics of computer basic education was analyzed. Combining with the practice in computer education reform and meeting the development trend and the needs of society, a computer-based teaching professional computer system is proposed, which is "Teacher-led, student-centered, technology-mean, content-cored, innovation-goal and evaluation-oriented".


Describing a new 3'-deoxy-3'-acyl amino spectinomycin compound. In 3'-deoxy-3-acylamino spectinomycin compounds and other spectinomycin analogs treatment of tuberculosis, and also describes a method for use in the treatment of microbial infections. .FIELD 1


Huntington's disease (HD) patients and mouse models show learning and memory impairment before the onset of motor symptoms. These cognitive impairments are thought to be caused by altered synaptic plasticity and dendritic spine deficits. However the molecular mechanisms underlying these changes are still poorly understood. Among several factors it is well known that BDNF and its receptors, TrkB and p75NTR play a crucial role in synaptic plasticity. In this study we aim to elucidate whether p75NTR participates in the reduced synaptic plasticity associated with cognitive and motor impairments in HD pathology. Previous data from our group demonstrated increased levels of p75NTR in the striatum of HD mice as well as in the putamen of HD patients. Now we extended this data by showing increased p75NTR levels in the hippocampus but not in cortex of exon-1 (R6/1) and full-length (HdhQ111) HD mouse models as well as in HD brain. To analyse the role of p75NTR in HD pathology, we have generated double mutant mice (HdhQ7/111; p75NTR+) heterozygous for mutant huntingtin and p75NTR. Normalisation of p75NTR levels in these double mutant mice completely reversed hippocampal cognitive deficits while only partially ameliorated striatal and cortico-striatal deficits. We further confirm these data by specific viral-mediated knock-down of p75NTR in the hippocampus or in the striatum of HdhQ111 knock-in mutant mice. Interestingly, cognitive improvements were related with a reversal of different molecular pathways essential for synaptic plasticity as well as rescue of dendritic spines loss in the hippocampus. These findings demonstrate that p75NTR up-regulation may be differentially implicated in the striatal and hippocampal reduced plasticity associated with cognitive and motor impairments in HD and suggest that modulation of p75NTR or its signalling could represent a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of memory deficits in this neurodegenerative disease.


Part 1: Introduction and Methodology.- Part 2: Best Practices Among Corporate Social Responsibility Leaders in china.- Part 3: China's Green Policy Landscape.


The essay deals with the important significance of university students' enterprising education and analyzes the existing problems.Then it puts forward some ways and methods to promote students' enterprising education.Those approaches will be of great help to training students' enterprising consciousness and improving their enterprising spirit and ability.


Abstract : This study has been concerned with exploring the characteristics of a network with potential application in management information systems using both analytical/simulation models (developed in the study) and measured data obtained from the network models. The network used has been constructed in the School of Electrical Engineering at Georgia Tech with support from AIRMICS. A significant feature of the proposed program has been the approach of dealing with both experimental data from the physical network and results from analytical/simulation models. The completed study has been directed toward an enhanced understanding of heterogeneous, distributed microprocessor networks. Monitor equipment has been studied, installed and used to obtain experimental data on the operation of the network and analytical/simulation models were tailored to describe as accurately as possible the operation of the actual network. The results of the study are models which accurately describe network behavior. These models, which depend explicity on well-defined parameters, provide the facility to investigate alternative designs and to predict network behavior for many types of inputs, such as would be specified for particular management information systems.


Summary and Conclusions In a series of 50 cases essential hypertension, unless complicated by renal insufficiency, was associated with essentially normal serum uric acid values.


To retrospectively analyze the off‐label prescriptions at a plastic surgery hospital in China and conduct a literature review. The prescriptions in outpatient department from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018 were collected and compared with the related drug instructions in indications, dosage, frequency and route of administration to identify the off‐label prescriptions. According to related literatures, guidelines, and MICROMEDEX, the rationality of off‐label drug uses was evaluated. A total of 39 836 prescriptions were screened and 3395 (8.52%) off‐label prescriptions were identified. It involved 23 items off‐label medication uses. 20 items were off‐label used in indication and three items were in indication and administration route. These off‐label prescriptions involved 19 medicines and 12 indications and the dermatology related drug usage accounted for the largest proportion (91.3%). Additionally, five items (21.7%) were Chinese patent medicine related. Of the 23 items, seven (30.4%) have been recommended by guidelines and two (8.7%) by Thomson Grading System of Micromedex. All of them have been proved by literature evidence of level 1 to 4, in which 19 (82.6%) by Level 1 evidence, 21 (91.3%) by Level 1 to 2 evidence and 2 (8.7%) only by level 3 to 4 evidence. This can provide a theoretical basis to clinicians in prescribing. Our next work is to perfect some details about evidence assessment to improve the reliability.


Through a shearing-drawing two-dimensional stress field applied in a pipe-extrusion die developed by this group,two-dimensional self-reinforcement high density polyethylene(PE-HD) pipes were prepared.The tensile strength,molecule orientation and crystallinity of the pipe were studied.It showed that the two-dimensional stress field improved the molecule orientation and crystallinity,and the circular and axial tensile strength of the pipes were improved simultenously.The best circular and axial tensile strength were 24.52 MPa and 25.82 MPa,increased by 13 % and 14.8 %,respectively,based on regular pipes.The crystallinity was increased to 71.95 %.A shish kebab structure was observed.


Tsunamis symbolize one of the most harmful natural disasters for low-lying coastal zones and their residents, due to both its destructive power and irregularity. The 2004 Boxing Day tsunami, which attack the Andaman Sea coast of Thailand, resulted 5,395 of deaths and inestimable casualties, interrupted economies and social well-being in numerous coastal villages and caused in extreme alterations of both onshore and offshore coastal morphology. The Great Indian Ocean tsunami also highlighted that there are many missing jigsaw puzzle pieces in scientific knowledge, starting from the generating of tsunamis offshore to the countless influences to the marine ecosystems on the continental shelf, coastal areas and on land and to the economic and social systems consequences. As with all deposits that do not have a direct physical link to their causative sources, marine tsunami deposits must be distinguished from other deposits through regional correlation, dating and criteria for recognition within the deposits themselves. This study aims to provide comprehensive reviews on using Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) as a chemical proxy to discriminate tsunami related Vol. 32, No. 4, page 236 (2013) deposits from typical marine sediments. The advantages and disadvantages of this chemical tracer will be critically reviewed and further discussed.


Reviewed the rapid progress of genetic engineering in the reconstruction of cellulase. The technologies of DNA recombination and heterogenous gene expression have been widely used in the production of cellulase. Global Transcription Machinery Engineering (gTME) provides a new technical route to reconstruct fermenting strain on transcriptome level.


Background Retinoblastoma protein (RB) regulates nucleosome/chromatin structures and is linked to tumor suppression. It regulates the cell cycle by repression of E2F transcription factor and stabilization of heterochromatin. Because SLE is the prototypic autoimmune disease with autoantibodies against the nucleosome and chromatin, the presence of anti-RB antibodies and the association with disease manifestations were examined. Methods 222 SLE patients from the Hopkins longitudinal cohort seen consecutively in clinic were studied (85% female, 94% Caucasian, mean age 51 years). Anti-RB antibodies were assayed by immunoprecipitation of 35S-methionine-labeled protein generated by in vitro transcription and translation from full length human cDNA. Odds ratios and p-values for univariate analyses were calculated using Fishers exact t-test. Exact logistic regression and odds ratios were calculated for the multi-variate model due to a cell frequency of zero for proteinuria ever and positive anti-RB antibody status. Results Anti-RB antibodies were present in 8.6% of these SLE patients, 6.3% with medium-high titer. Univariate associations with SLE manifestations for the medium-high titer positive patients are included in table 1. Of note, medium/high titer anti-RB antibodies were never found in patients with proteinuria (p=0.0028). In a multi-variate model for proteinuria, anti-RB antibodies remained negatively associated (OR 0.1112, p=0.016) after correction for female gender (OR 0.417, p=0.0498), ethnicity (Caucasian, OR 0.288, p=0.0833), low anti-dsDNA ever (OR 1.806, p=0.1192), anti-Sm positive ever (OR 1.273, p=0.7127) and low complement ever (OR 2.111, p=0.0377).Abstract 4 Table 1 Association of anti-RB antibodies with SLE manifestations Anti-Rb Positive (n=14) Anti-Rb Negative (n=203) p-value OR (95% CI) Vasculitis ever 0 (0.0%) 34 (16.8%) 0.1338 N/C Proteinuria ever 0 (0.0%) 75 (37.0%) 0.0028 N/C Hematuria ever 1 (7.1%) 43 (21.2%) 0.3103 0.29 (0.04–2.25) Renal SLE ever (Hematuria OR Proteinuria) 1 (7.1%) 81 (39.9%) 0.0145 0.12 (0.01–0.9) Stroke ever 2 (14.3%) 3 (1.5%) 0.0347 11.11 (1.69–72.94) Anemia ever 1 (7.1%) 124 (61.1%) <0.0001 0.05 (0.01–0.38) Anti-Ro 4 (28.6%) 65 (32.2%) 1.0000 0.84 (0.25–2.79) Anti-La 1 (7.1%) 31 (15.4%) 0.6988 0.42 (0.05–3.36) Anti-RNP 1 (7.1%) 36 (17.7%) 0.4731 0.36 (0.05–2.82) Anti-Smith 1 (7.1%) 35 (17.2%) 0.4745 0.37 (0.05–2.92) Anti-dsDNA 6 (42.9%) 126 (62.1%) 0.1679 0.46 (0.15–1.37) RVVT 2 (14.3%) 69 (34.0%) 0.1525 0.32 (0.07–1.49) Anticardiolipin 9 (64.3%) 124 (61.1%) 1.0000 1.15 (0.37–3.55) Coombs 1 (7.1%) 33 (16.3%) 0.7021 0.40 (0.05–3.13) N/C=odds ratio was not calculated due to zero cell frequencies Conclusions Anti-RB antibodies are a novel specificity not previously described in SLE. These antibodies are strongly negatively associated with lupus nephritis, even in multivariate models that include other variables (female gender, Caucasian ethnicity, anti-dsDNA, anti-Sm, and low complement). Intriguingly, anti-RB antibodies are positively associated with stroke in SLE. Additional studies are warranted to understand the mechanism of this finding. Funding Source(s): The Hopkins Lupus Cohort was funded by NIH Grant R01-AR069572.


H EALTH SERVICES RESEARCH has largely ignored elective surgery as a useful marker for the quality of medical practices. Surgeons and our attitudes may be largely to blame for this oversight; but, in any case, other specialties have focused upon chronic diseases, where it has been discovered that it is extraordinarily difficult to relate even the very best practices of contemporary medicine to the altering of measurable and meaningful outcomes. In some sense, an elective operation offers an ideal event around which to assay the quality of medicine. As we all know, patients, and frequently other physicians (family physicians or other medical specialists), often arrive at the decision that an elective operation is warranted before surgeons ever see their patients. In each case, the surgeon then assesses the evidence, talks with the patient and his or her family, and agrees that the elective operation is warranted. This very process, in fact, eliminates many outliers: that is, any patient who feels fit enough to undergo an elective operation of a given sort will often be free of unfavorable associated diseases. If they are not thus free, there are ready and simple forms and sophisticated measurements on which to base decisions and/or adjust the risks for a more complicated decision. The operation itself, along with the early postoperative period, becomes a focal point of many processes that reflect not only the physician's skills but also the innate quality of the institution within which he or she works. Many discussions about the influence of volume on quality have had their hardest possible moment when they address issues of institutional and/or individual surgeon volume. There are obvious issues of individual surgeon and institutional volumes.1, 2 It appears that a surgeon who does moderate or fairly small volumes of a given operation in a facility that cares for many of these illnesses and operations has good results. In any case, an elective operation is a clear-cut event. That event is often associated with an outcome that can be defined in a few weeks or months at most, with the patient returning to his or her desired lifestyle in improved health, as a desirable criterion for a reasonable volume of work for the institution and the individual surgeon. A special case illustrating this point occurs with broad-based general surgery practices in smaller communities, where any one operation, perhaps with the exception of cholecystectomy, is not likely to be done frequently enough to permit analysis through any kind of meaningful numbers. Having said that, a problem with elective surgery as a study item in health services research is that it is as defined in traditional terms: very safe, generally good, and, given sensible indications, associated with few complications and infrequent deaths. Most wounds heal without infection or hernia. Most patients, with or without prophylaxis, do not get venous thromboembolism. In fact, most patients do not die. Most return to their previous lifestyles, as noted, in improved health. We have previously described the practices of surgical specialists in Kentucky through their self-reported work, for which every single death has been accounted.3–5 However, only about one-half of complications were reported, even though all complications requiring readmission and/or reoperation were noted. Therefore, the most unequivocal number is, of course, the worst outcome: death after an elective operation. Here, it is most clear that death, as the most objective but least desired outcome, leads to very small numbers. This is associated with large denominators, which, however, are not so homogeneous in terms of their risks or the practice settings or the skills and insights of physicians. Statistical significance, with or without Yates's correction, is marginal at best, and clinical validity requires constant reassessment. We are all familiar with the issues related to stratification of risk and the careful and meticulous mining of administrative data sets and laboratory information.6 In fact, one of the reasons that Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) and our Surgical Care Improvement Project (SCIP) project in 2004 accepted performance measure surrogates was that we tried to push toward more meaningful numbers, trusting that many of those surrogates would, in some sensible way, be legitimately related to desired or undesired outcomes. For example, each elective operation permitted as many as 17 events to be measured. Therefore, the collection as a whole led us to nearly 80,000 potential data points; even univariate analysis only permitted a few suggestions as to benefits, and fewer still stood the test of more detailed multivariate evaluation. Presented at the Invitational Conference on Contemporary Surgical Quality, Safety and Transparency, June 5–6, 2006, Louisville, KY. Address correspondence and reprint requests to Hiram C. Polk, Jr., M.D., Department of Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine and Price Institute of Surgical Research and Quality Surgical Solutions, Louisville, KY 40292.


XQuery optimization is the key approach to improve the performance of XQuery engine.According to the language features of XQuery and the requirement of query in multi data sources,high effective query plans generated through rewriting in XQuery.To adapt to multi-core condition,data parallelism implemented by utilizing parallelized primitives in intermediate language.Query engine prototype developed and cases experiments show the optimization can effectively improve query performance.


The design of the experiment was a 2 x 2 x 15 factorial. The subjects were 8 male and 12 female students enrolled in introductory psychology classes. Half of the subjects received liscs of 15 nouns printed in black, and half received lists printed with the first 5 nouns in red, second 5 in blue, and last 5 in green. The rate of presentation was 2 sec. per noun, and recall time was 30 sec. on each of 8 trials per list. A second variable of interest was noun imagery; lists of nouns having both high and low imagery values were used. Two lists were selected from Paivio, Yuille, and Madigan (3) and were matched on frequency, meaningfulness, and word length. The list with high-imagery nouns had a mean value of 6.35 on the imagery scale; low-imagery nouns had a mean value of 3.79. Imagery was manipulated within subjects, and complete betweensubjects counterbalancing was used. Imagery was included on the assumption that, if color did facilitate recall, the effect might be more pronounced for high- than for lowimagery nouns since subjects might use colors to enhance their visual images. The third variable (within subjects) was serial position, with the data being scored for the number of correct responses from each serial position (item scoring). A three-way analysis of variance was computed on the data. The nouns printed in color were recalled better than those printed in black (K,u = 4.71, p < .05). In addition, nouns of high imagery were recalled better than nouns of low imagery (K,u = 5.10, p < .05). However, the interaction of color and imagery was not significant, indicating that the use of color did not differentially benefit recall of the nouns of high and low imagery. Other significant findings were a main effect of serial position (F11.~j? = 14.34, p < ,001) and an interaction of color and serial position (FII,~ = 4.45, p < ,001). In the latter case, there was no consistent pattern in the color differences across the 15 serial positions in spite of the fact that the colored words were presented in sequences of five of each color. The results support the hypothesis that color facilitates learning. The beneficial effect of color may undoubtedly be attributed to increased attention when a novel stimulus is used. There is certainly no indication in the present study that color plays a role in the functioning of the visual-image store. Perhaps it will also prove to be true that the pub lishers of textbooks such as Lefrancois (2) and Gardiner (1) are indeed serving their student readers well!


This paper is supplementary to a previous one, and gives results of further experiments in the planing of hardwoods.
 Results are given in tabular and graph form showing the percentage of defective pieces obtained in planing samples of twenty-two woods with six different cutting angles; seven woods with unjointed knives and with four different amounts of jointing; and sixteen woods with four different depths of cut.


Abstract Critical analysis of The Lifted Veil has traditionally tended to draw on biographical details from Eliot's life in order to explain the construction and actions of Latimer, her male narrator. Such an approach, however, closes off other avenues of investigation. It is appropriate, therefore, to consider the construction of Latimer without automatic reference to the life of his creator, whilst retaining a consciousness of the discourses within which Eliot is likely to have participated.Through her contact with freethinkers, scientists and pseudo-scientists, as well as through her work as editor of The Westminster Review, Eliot was ideally placed both to participate in contemporary thought on science and spirituality, and to appropriate their discourses in her fiction. Ostensibly a narrative about clairvoyance, The Lifted Veil may with equal ease be read as a medical text, which examines the pathology of monomania, delusion and masturbatory insanity through the first person narrator, Latimer. This a...


The effect of β2‐adrenoceptor agonists and interleukin‐4 (IL‐4) on the CD23 expression on, and release from, the human promonocytic cell line, U 937, was investigated. As assessed by flow cytometry, incubation of U 937 cells in the presence of salbutamol, fenoterol or IL‐4 induced a concentration‐ and time‐dependent increase in CD23 expression, that was maximal after 48 hr and followed by a decrease thereafter. In addition, salbutamol potentiated the effect of IL‐4, the optimal concentration of the drug being a function of the concentration of this cytokine. This synergy between IL‐4 and β2‐adrenoceptor agonists was also observed for the release of the soluble form of CD23. The effect on CD23 expression of salbutamol and fenoterol, but not of IL‐4, was blocked in the Wesence of d, l‐propranolol (1 μm) or butoxamine (1 μm). The α‐adrenoceptor agonist, norepinephrine (1 μm), was ineffective in inducing CD23 expression or potentiating the one evoked by IL‐4. Salbutamol down‐regulated the expression of FcγRI (CD64) and Fc, RII (CD32) whereas IL‐4 was ineffective. Only when added together at the onset of the culture did salbutamol and IL‐4 induce, after 48 hr, the expression of the monocyte marker, CD 14. The expression of CD 18 was up‐regulated in response to salbutamol either alone or in combination with IL‐4, this cytokine alone being inefficient. These data suggest that IL‐4 and β2‐adrenoceptor agonists induce differentiation of U 937 cells into monocyte‐like cells.


This paper presents an important improvement of the current-based one-particle Monte-Carlo method. By regionwise coupling a semi-analytical solution of the Boltzmann equation to a full solution, the usage of computationally intensive Monte Carlo Boltzmann solvers can be limited to only those regions where they are needed. The advantages and drawbacks of this new method are reviewed and the problems arising from the coupling scheme are discussed.


A total of 275 clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae were collected from three general hospitals in Duhok, Erbil, and Sulymania, during the period September 2010 to June 2011. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of these isolates was measured using the Gram-negative susceptibility card (GNC) of Phoenix system. Only 187 ESBL producing K. pneumoniae isolates were detected by this system. These isolates were confirmed as 100% ESBLs producers by the Double Disk Synergy Test (DDST). All 187 K. pneumoniae isolates were 100% resistant to ampicillin, cefazolin, cefepime, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, cefuroxime, ceftazidime, and aztreonam. These isolates showed different percentages of resistance 81.8%, 68.5%, 65.8%, 52.4%, 50.3%, 34.2%, 25.2%, and 12.3% towards, ampicillin/sulbactam, gentamicin, trimethoprime-sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin, piperacillin-tazobactam, amikacin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, and levofloxacin respectively.  Molecular characterization by PCR was employed using specific primers for three different ESBLs (TEM, SHV, and CTX-M). Results obtained revealed that SHV-type ESBLs were the most common ESBL occurring in 87% of the isolates with phenotypic evidence of ESBLs production. While those for TEM-type and CTX-M-type were 60% and 58% respectively.


Ganshu province has a large number of minority nationalities in large regions. It is important to study how to increase the income of farmers and herdsmen in improving the economic development of minority nationality regions and even in developing the harmonious economy and society of the whole province.