In the article the questions of development of construction of the closed ventilation and filtering system (CVFS) are considered on cleaning of air-gas mixture at deposition. The offered system consists of gas in-take, filters, containers for assembling of hard parts, hard constituent of welding aerosol (TSSA), by the gaseous constituent of welding aerosol (GSSA) and corps, special vent system with adjusting of speed and volume of extraction. Conducted research for cleaning of welding aerosols (SA) at deposition of high wear proof alloys of type of sormite with the use of the CVFS. Special CVFS is used, filters in particular mechanical, electric, chemical (sorption). Extraction of air-gas mixture from the area of melting of electrode and welding bath of is carried out by the pipe of small diameter, with adjusting of speed and volume of extraction passes the system of filtration the special vent system where clears up from TSSA. Thus cleared gas mixture is used as gas defense at depositing. It is necessary it is not simple to catch SA, but to filter in the closed system, clean and give filtered clean y air in the area of deposition, technology and metallurgical properties of process of depositing must not be broken here. Features of the mechanical cleaning are in technologies of deposition, characterized that air-gas mixture has a temperature which influences on a sorbent. The mechanical cleaning by the centrifugal chamber of cleaning (CCC) is the modernized cyclone filter where centrifugal forces and gravities were used. Differs from existent cyclic filters a presence by a conical spiral insertion and rearranged surface of cone which engulfs it. In the entrance tangential union coupling appears, divided aero mixture into a few streams of entered in a spiral insertion. In the electric filter (electrostatic) electric forces operate on particles and gas molecules (based on the phenomena ionization of gas molecules, by an electric charge in the electric field). An electric charge is revealed to the particles, and they under the action of the electric field are besieged from a gas stream. If such gas, containing the several of transmitters of charges, to place between electrodes, connected with the source of high voltage, ions and electrons will begin to move to on power the field lines . This is important during neutralization of GSSA


While sources remaining from the early days of the Middle Breton period are extremely rare, texts from the 16th and 17th centuries were rediscovered and republished in the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, and these have been the main focus of philological analyses. The few scholars and academics who studied these works highlighted their complex verse form. There was hardly any interest in the content of other texts. In recent years however, approaches to comprehending these texts have changed completely and the knowledge we have about them has been renewed considerably. To appreciate this literature, we first need to understand its nature and consider the form it takes. We then need to examine the context in which it was produced. In other words, we must try to understand why these works were written as they were.


ABSTRACT. We describe a new species of Ischnocnema from Santa Teresa, in the Atlantic Rainforest of the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil. Ischnocnema abdita sp. nov. is a member of the Ischnocnema lactea species series; it differs from other Ischnocnema mainly by presenting small size (adult male SVL 15.7 ±0.49 mm; range 15.0–16.8 mm); small discs on fingers I and II, and elliptical, wider than long, moderate sized discs on fingers III and IV; and finger I slightly smaller than finger II. The new species closely resembles Ischnocnema bolbodactyla, differing from it by presenting upper and lower margins of iris red in life; inguinal region with many yellow blotches in life; posterior region of belly and ventral surfaces of thighs, shanks, and feet roughly marbled with large pale yellow blotches; and hidden dorsal area of thighs dark brown with few large pale yellow blotches.


Aims: Education is the foundation and pillar of life. The study assessed the influence of Kenya Education Management Institute (KEMI's) capacity building programme on head teachers' competencies in teacher supervision in public primary schools in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya. Study Design: The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted in Uasin Gishu County of North Rift region between January and March 2018. Methodology: It targeted six Sub-County Education Officers and 471 head teachers in public primary schools in the County. Simple random sampling was used to select 30% (141) of the public primary schools proportionately from each of the six sub-counties in the County. All the head teachers of the public primary schools selected participated in the study. Data was also collected from all the six Sub-County Directors of Education of Moiben, Wareng, Turbo, Kapseret, Ainabkoi and Soy. Data was collected using interviews and questionnaire. Data analysis using descriptive Original Research Article Ongori et al.; AJESS, 11(1): 46-53, 2020; Article no.AJESS.60966 47 statistics was computed with frequencies, percentages, means, medians and standard deviations. The findings were then presented using, tables, charts and graphs. Results: Out of the 132 Head teachers, the research results indicated that there was a strong positive correlation between KEMI's capacity building programme and head teachers' competencies in teacher supervision, r (132) = 0.555, P = .05. KEMI should use the information from this study to organize teacher training programmes to improve their schools and put in place strategies to help enhance management practices in schools and ultimately the student academic achievement. The findings of the study may be importance to Kenya Education Management Institute (KEMI) in tailoring their training needs of head teachers to enhance professional development and leadership in schools. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the study, it can be concluded that KEMI capacity building program had enhanced head teachers' competence in monitoring teacher's performance in class and outside class, and helped them in cultivating good relationship with the teachers and building motivating climate to enhance teamwork among teachers. Further, the findings also indicates that KEMI capacity building program had helped them in appraising teacher's performance objectively and helped them in providing teacher's opportunity for professional growth, proper delegation of duties and it had enhanced the recommendation of teachers for upward mobility.


PURPOSE: To edit speech information without giving influence to the faithfulness of original speech information by providing a means correlating an editing processing to compressed speech informations from compress-released speech information. CONSTITUTION: RS/6000/AIX 10 with an on-board RAM is included and the system 10 includes an AIX window 60, a speech application enabler(VAE) 70 and a data base 50. A user marks the part of a question on a picture and starts the editing of a displayed speech waveform. Then pointers are established at the selected marker position in a displayed speech clause and the corresponding position of the speech clause of an incompressible system. Editing is executed by simultaneously changing both micro-clauses of a compressed clause and an incompressed clause. When the user is satisfied with the result, the whole clause is rewritten in the data base 50 for replacing a former version. COPYRIGHT: (C)1992,JPO


The article studies English anthroponyms taken from middle age epics from linguocultural viewpoint. To analyze ancient English names with the support of two directions like linguistics and culture. we will attempt to present the anthroponym as an object of linguocultural analysis. Using the method of descriptive-analytical description, one can consider both some functions of anthroponyms and the conditions for their implementation in the context of specifically taken oral creativity of the people like epics.


Despite therapeutic advances, asthma prevalence remains high. Psychosocial factors, including maternal mental disorders, may be involved. This study aims to evaluate the association of maternal common mental disorders (CMDs) and their change over time with asthma morbidity in the child and to observe the effect of social support on this association.


The implementation of Sarbanes-Oxley Act will bring a big challenge to the company listed in the USA in company governance,information report and internal control.The article 302 and 404 state the responsibility of management for establishing and maintaining an adequate internal control and procedures for financial reporting.In order to meet the demand,we must establish effective control system according to international standards.


Engagement in innovation networks can increase a company's innovation potential more than by only exploiting its own R&D resources. Theory has recognized innovation networks' increasing importance by investigating their single components and their relation to others. But in order to help the practice to decide when, and in which form of innovation networks, engagement is needed, and when it is better to cut ties to prevent resources from being wasted, performance monitoring from an individual company perspective is needed.
The empirical background for this research was a six-month investigation of a well-established European innovation network for research on radiation dosimetry. This network aims to advance the scientific understanding of ionizing radiation dosimetry to promote dosimetric methods and instruments' technical development as well as their implementation in routine dosimetry, and to ensure the consistency of the dosimetric procedures used within the EU as well as compliance with international guidelines. This network consists of 47 European organizations in 31 different countries. The member organizations range from small to big laboratories (e.g., CERN in Switzerland), or research institutions (Institute of Nuclear Physics, Poland) to governmental institutions for radiation protection (National Agency for New Technology, Energy and the Environment, Italy) to companies that produce and sell dosimetric tools (ARC Seibersdorf Research, Austria). Beside the member organizations, which have different expectations regarding the value of and need for a network, other stakeholder like the European Commission and the governments of the single countries, which fund part of the network's activities, want a certain innovation outcome. These different perspectives make monitoring and demonstrating the network outcome increasingly complex. We are going to investigate the network and measure as well as illustrate its outcome for the different stakeholders in a three-year project. In the article, we present the performance indicators' first findings, based on interviews and questionnaires as well as on site visits and document analysis conduced in the first six months of the research project.


The labelling of the Zn2+ and Co2+-phosphatase with [32P]pyrophosphate was studied at different pH. The formation of complexes between arsenate and the enzyme has been investigated using a variety of techniques: kinetics, equilibrium dialysis, isolation of the complex, determination of its activity for [32P]pyrophosphate. The mechanism of the alkaline phosphatase is obviously very peculiar. Its main features are: (a) Only one of the two sites can be phosphorylated at alkaline pH from [32P]pyrophosphate in the Zn2+ as in the Co2+-phosphatase. Both sites are reactive at acidic pH. (b) The binding of two arsenate molecules to the Co2+-phosphatase at pH 8.0 has an anticooperative character which we found previously in 1969 for the binding of orthophosphate to the Zn2+ phosphatase. (c) The incubation of the enzyme at pH 8.5 in high concentrations of [74As]arsenate gives rise to a complex containing 2 moles of arsenate per mole of dimer. One [74As]arsenate is loosely bound and easily exchangeable for unlabelled arsenate; the other [74As]arsenate is very firmly bound and not exchangeable. A detailed study of this complex suggests that it is an hybrid complex containing one covalently bound and one noncovalently bound arsenate. One never observes the formation of a diarsenylated enzyme.

The labelling of the phosphatase molecule with [32P]pyrophosphate provides an easy all-or-none assay which was used for a revaluation of the number and of the role of the zinc atoms in the enzyme. The 4 g atoms of zinc per mole of protein belong to 2 different families. The 2 sites of type I bind zinc tightly, while the 2 sites of type II bind it more loosely. Only the Zn2+-phosphatase with 4 g atoms of zinc per mole of protein is an active enzyme.

It is suggested that each active site contains 2 zinc atoms, one of type I and one of type II.


Abstract Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial solid tumor of childhood. The complete burden and outcomes in Uganda are unknown. The study was a multicenter retrospective chart review of children aged between 0 to 15 years diagnosed with NB from 2010 to 2020. Demographic, clinical and tumor-related characteristics were extracted for analysis. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox regression models were used to determine the one-year overall survival (OS) and identify prognostic factors. Seventy-five patients were evaluated, with a median age at diagnosis of 48 months (IQR 26-108 months). Fever (74.7%), weight loss (74.7%), high blood pressure (70.3%) and abdominal swelling/mass (65.3%) were the most common features at diagnosis. Suprarenal tumors (52%) and stage 4 disease (70.7%) were also common. The one-year OS was 60.0% (95%CI 56.8%; 64.3%) with a median survival time of 12.6 months (95% CI: 8.1; 20.8). The one-year OS for non-metastatic and metastatic disease was 67.3% and 42.6% (p = 0.11) respectively. Leukocytosis (p < 0.001) at diagnosis was of prognostic significance while clinical remission after induction chemotherapy (p < 0.001) provided survival advantages. Children who received maintenance chemotherapy had a longer median survival time of 38.5 months (range 10.8–69.5). Age (p = 0.001), lung metastasis (p < 0.001), and leukocytosis (p < 0.001) remained significant on multivariate analysis. In this Ugandan study, leukocytosis was a clinical predictor of prognosis, metastatic disease had management challenges and maintenance chemotherapy prolonged the survival time but not OS. LEARNING POINTS Ugandan children diagnosed with neuroblastoma present with advanced disease. Surgery and radiotherapy are under-utilized in the management of neuroblastoma, but have prognostic value in neuroblastoma outcomes. Children under the age of 12 months are under-diagnosed in Uganda, but those that do present for treatment fare poorer than older age groups. The overall survival is poor but the survival time can be increased with maintenance chemotherapy.


Background: The balance between mitochondrial biogenesis and autophagy controls cellular mitochondrial content. Results: Mitochondrial deacetylation-induced mitophagy evokes concurrent and interdependent up-regulation of TFEB and PGC-1α to sustain cellular mitochondrial content. Conclusion: Mitochondrial content is coordinately regulated by the mitochondrial and lysosome biogenesis programs under GCN5L1 control. Significance: Counter-regulatory interdependent programs function to sustain mitochondrial content/homeostasis in a nutrient-sensing, acetylation-dependent manner. Cellular mitochondrial content is governed by the competing processes of organelle biogenesis and degradation. It is proposed that these programs are tightly regulated to ensure that the cell maintains sufficient organelles to meet its biosynthetic, energetic, and other homeostatic requirements. We recently reported that GCN5L1, a putative nutrient-sensing regulator, controls mitochondrial removal by autophagy. Here we show that genetic deletion of GCN5L1 has a direct positive effect on the expression and activity of Transcriptional Factor EB (TFEB), which acts as a master regulator of autophagy. Surprisingly, the induction of TFEB-mediated autophagy pathways does not diminish cellular mitochondrial content, as its activity is countered by induction of the mitochondrial biogenesis transcriptional co-activator PPARγ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α). Concurrent induction of the TFEB and PGC-1α pathways results in an increased mitochondrial turnover rate in GCN5L1−/− cells. Finally, we show that genetic knockdown of either TFEB or PGC-1α leads to a corresponding decrease in the expression of the other gene, indicating that these proteins act coordinately, and in opposition, to maintain cellular mitochondrial content in response to the modulation of nutrient-sensing signatures.


It was a year of "horrors and failures," CBS Evening News substitute anchor Harry Reasoner declared in his commentary on the last day of 1968. Reasoner's brief but pointed description summed up how the network evening news programs presented the year's events. They concentrated on war, politics, and violence. The Tet Offensive in the Vietnam War, the presidential election campaign, the assassinations of Martin Luther King, Jr. and Robert F. Kennedy, and the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia were television's big stories. Each produced memorable images and moments of high drama, assuring them prominent places on newscasts in the visual medium of television. By 1968, more than half of the American people relied on television as their principal source of news. What they saw informed, engrossed, and unsettled them. The unexpected and unimaginable were no longer the unusual. Shocks and traumas in rapid succession suggested that disorder, disarray, destruction, and death were the most important facts of American life and international affairs. Reasoner spoke for many who were aghast at what they saw in their living rooms.I The first big story of 1968 on the evening newscasts was the North Korean seizure of the U.S. intelligence ship Pueblo.2 "For the first time in a hundred years, an American ship has been captured on the high seas," ABC news anchor Bob Young announced on 23 January. The Pentagon said that the Pueblo was in international waters in the Sea of Japan, but there was little solid information about exactly what had happened to the ship or about the crew's situation in captivity. U.S. news organizations had no correspondents in North Korea, and television journalists treated information from Pyongyang, such as the alleged confession of the ship's captain, Commander Lloyd Bucher, with skepticism. Much of the reporting suggested that the North Korean action was part of a coordinated Communist strategy to exploit U.S. vulnerability because of the heavy concentration of U.S. forces in the Vietnam War or to distract the attention of high officials in the administration of President Lyndon B. Johnson at a time when the North Vietnamese and National Liberation Front (NLF) might be


Abstract Two murine monoclonal antibodies have been developed against the buffalo prolactin (buPRL). These were designated as 1501 and 1504. Using two MAbs and anti‐buPRL rabbit serum, an analysis was performed for the development of a sandwich ELISA (sELISA). The 1504/buPRL/anti‐buPRL rabbit serum system was found feasible for sELISA. The sELISA had a sensitivity of 156 pg/mL. The buffalo serum sample showed a parallelism with the standard curve. The intra‐ and inter‐assay coefficients of variance were 8.4% and 9.06%, respectively. These data proved the validity of the assay.


Significance Most statistical methods rely on certain mathematical conditions, known as regularity assumptions, to ensure their validity. Without these conditions, statistical quantities like P values and confidence intervals might not be valid. In this paper we give a surprisingly simple method for producing statistical significance statements without any regularity conditions. The resulting hypothesis tests can be used for any parametric model and for several nonparametric models. We propose a general method for constructing confidence sets and hypothesis tests that have finite-sample guarantees without regularity conditions. We refer to such procedures as "universal." The method is very simple and is based on a modified version of the usual likelihood-ratio statistic that we call "the split likelihood-ratio test" (split LRT) statistic. The (limiting) null distribution of the classical likelihood-ratio statistic is often intractable when used to test composite null hypotheses in irregular statistical models. Our method is especially appealing for statistical inference in these complex setups. The method we suggest works for any parametric model and also for some nonparametric models, as long as computing a maximum-likelihood estimator (MLE) is feasible under the null. Canonical examples arise in mixture modeling and shape-constrained inference, for which constructing tests and confidence sets has been notoriously difficult. We also develop various extensions of our basic methods. We show that in settings when computing the MLE is hard, for the purpose of constructing valid tests and intervals, it is sufficient to upper bound the maximum likelihood. We investigate some conditions under which our methods yield valid inferences under model misspecification. Further, the split LRT can be used with profile likelihoods to deal with nuisance parameters, and it can also be run sequentially to yield anytime-valid P values and confidence sequences. Finally, when combined with the method of sieves, it can be used to perform model selection with nested model classes.


Finite pump-beam size in optical pump-terahertz (THz) probe experiments introduces distortions in both the signal amplitude and the spectral form. We show both experimentally and analytically that the pump beam must be 3-4 times larger than the THz probe beam for a one-photon excitation process to achieve <10% spectral distortion. Our experiments use thin samples of single-crystal ZnTe or CdTe. Our model treats the pump-induced change in the THz probe field as radiation from a photoinduced current driven by the THz field. Interpretation of nonideal measurements and relaxation of the requirement on the pump-beam size by introduction of a metallic aperture are also discussed.


During embryogenesis, left–right sidedness is established by asymmetric expression of laterality genes. A recent model predicts the presence of a functional midline that divides the left side of the embryonic disc from the right side, separating left‐ and right‐inducing signals. We show evidence that this midline is formed from a distinct population of cells within the primitive streak. Cells in the dorsal midline of the chick primitive streak display unique expression of the gastrulation markers fgf‐8 and brachyury. These midline cells are fated to die, and dead cells remain in the midline during gastrulation. Inhibition of midline cell death compromises the early expression of laterality genes, such as shh and nodal and randomizes the direction of heart looping. We suggest that cell death along the primitive streak midline is a novel mechanism involved in the regulation of left–right asymmetry during early embryogenesis. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


High fructose corn syrup is the favorable sweetener for food and beverage production because of its advantages over table sugar in some applications. Previous studies showed that it causes metabolic disorders and obesity. In this study, the genotoxic effect of HFCS was investigated using the A. cepa root tips as a genetic model. Five concentrations, 2 mL/L, 1 mL/L, 0.5 mL/L, 0.25 mL/L, 0.125 mL/L, were employed. Because the highest two concentrations greatly inhibited mitosis they were excluded. Results of the other three concentrations showed inhibition of mitosis. This was reflected by decreasing of the mitotic index with increasing HFCS concentration. Also, increasing of HFCS concentration increased the number of prophase cells compared to the other three mitotic stages indicating that HFCS inhibited the progression from prophase to metaphase stage. Different types of chromosomal aberrations were detected including stickiness, vagrant and lagging chromosomes, bridge, disturbed metaphase, pole to pole metaphase. These types of chromosomal aberrations increased with increasing of the concentration of HFCS.


Fine-tuning arguments suggest the mass of the supersymmetric partner of the Higgs boson, the Higgsino, is not too far from the weak scale. In most beyond standard model scenarios the Higgsinos are almost mass degenerate, and the search for Higgsinos represents an experimental challenge due to the near mass-degeneracy resulting in soft decay products, and the low production cross section. This proceeding presents recent ATLAS results of analyses explicitly targeting the Higgsino with a variety of experimental techniques.


Throughout the paper, can authors use the treatment names as in the original experimental dataset (Wolf, 2018 page 6): CONV = CMT conventional maize-tomato, ORG=OMT organic maize-tomato, and (page 5) WCC – winter cover crop? I understand that Tautges and Chiartas 2019 used the CONV, ORG notation, but a brief explanation would be helpful. The theory of cover crops providing a macropore system for transport of DOC is interesting, but the data do not support this theory (no measurement of porosity, change in bulk density, or changes in soil hydraulic properties). It is appropriate for a discussion, but I might exclude this as a main finding from the abstract.


Zinc oxide nanoparticles and zinc oxide nanoparticles doped with vanadium and nickel were synthesised by sol-gel method and their structural, morphological and antibacterial activity were studied. X-Ray Diffraction studies revealed that all synthesised materials were crystalline and vanadium and nickel had created defect sites resulting into planes by the presence of extra peaks in the doped samples. The surface morphology of zinc oxide nanoparticles was significantly modified by doping with vanadium and nickel. The absorption edge of zinc oxide had red-shifted with increase in doping concentration of transition metal vanadium and nickel. The antibacterial activity of the particles was quantified with MIC and MBC and thus bactericidal dosage using one Gram-positive and one Gram-negative bacteria. Food borne pathogens can be controlled by these nanoparticles and thus food packaging industry may get some enhancement in their armoury of anti-bacterial agents against food borne diseases.


Demographic studies and educational research document that deaf readers encounter world knowledge, linguistic and metacognitive difficulties as they learn to read and read to learn at the interpretive level of understanding. The author advocates a collaborative "externally guided thinking" approach to instruction that helps deaf literal readers learn to read at the evaluative level.


By the method of NY/T 761.3-2004,propoxur pesticide residue in vegetables and fruits was determined, and uncertainty of measurement for the determination of propoxur residue was evaluated.The total relative standard uncertainty of measurement appeared in the determination is 3.62%.It was mainly caused by that in the standard material solution preparation,the sample weigh,the sample dilute,the sample solution preparation,the determination of the standard solution area and the sample solution area.Their relative standard uncertainty is 0.74%,0.023%,0.73%,0.30%, 2.05%,2.78%respectively.


Old appliances which have reached their end-of-life may not be very useful to their owners; however, they still need to be disposed properly. E-waste has been put on the priority waste streams list and is among the fastest growing waste streams (EEB, 2001). Managing e-waste encompasses not just the disposal or recycling, but also the pre-disposal logistics involved in collecting and transporting the waste. It also includes strategies for reducing the total waste generated, in line with the 4R principle - 'Reduce, Recover, Reuse and Recycle'. This study sought to establish the determinants of sustainability of e-waste by Nairobi County Government by reviewing recycling training, regulations, technology and analysing the rationale for trans-boundary movement of E-waste. The study adopted a descriptive research design with a target population of 325 employees of the department of waste management at Nairobi County Government at various departmental levels. The sample size was 99 respondents which is 30% of the target population. The sampling technique to be employed was stratified random sampling. This is because the respondents were stratified into three categories that is, departmental heads, supervisors and the support staff. The study collected both primary and secondary data. Data was analysed and presented using percentages and frequency tables. The tool of analysis was the regression analysis, measures of central tendency and the chi-square. The study found a significant relationship between regulations, recycling and disposal training, technology, trans-boundary movement and sustainability of E-waste management projects. The study concludes that regulations would lead to an increase in sustainability of E-waste management projects, recycling and disposal training would lead to an increase in sustainability of E-waste management projects, technology would lead to an increase in sustainability of E-waste management projects and trans-boundary movement would lead to an increase in sustainability of E-waste management projects. The study recommends that the government should put forth regulations that promote E-waste management. The government should encourage recycling and disposal training to educate people on issues to do with waste management. The waste management institutions should change their activities with the changing technologies. There should be the development of an international convention dealing specifically with waste management.


Strip casting technologv is praised as the greatest progress achieved in the 20th century in metallurgical industry.Baosteel is a latecomer.Its development and research route in twin roller strip casting technology are reviewed.The BAOSTRIP~(?) technology developed by Baosteel independently is introduced and its future development is also predicted in this paper.


Extreme climate events can have significant impacts on both natural and human systems, and therefore it is important to know if and how climate extremes are changing. Analysis of extremes requires long-term daily station data and, unfortunately, there are many regions in the world where these data are not internationally exchanged. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Third Assessment Report (Folland et al. 2001) relied heavily on the multinational analysis of Frich et al (2002). However, Frich et al. had no results from all of Central and South America, and most of Africa and southern Asia, including the Middle East. To remedy this situation for the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report, the joint World Meteorological Organization Commission for Climatology/World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) project on Climate Variability and Predictability (CLIVAR) Expert Team on Climate Change Detection, Monitoring, and Indices (Zwiers et al. 2003) internationally coordinated a series of five regional climate change workshops and a set of indices for analyses of extremes. Two workshops covered the Americas, one in Brazil and one in Guatemala. One workshop addressed southern Africa. A workshop in India involved south and central Asia, while the workshop for the Middle East sought to address the regionmore » from Turkey to Iran and from Georgia to the southern tip of the Arabian Peninsula. The key to a successful workshop is a collaborative approach between outside experts and regional participants. The participants here broght long-term daily precipitation and maximum and minimum temperature data, station history information, an understanding of their country's climate, and a willingness to analyze thse data under the tutelage of outside experts. The outside experts brought knowledge of the crucial data and climate change issues, presentations to explain these issues, and user-friendly software to aid the analyses. Xuebin Zhang of Environment Canada wrote the workshop software to perform quality control (QC) on the data, tst the time series homogeneity, and calculate the indices. The participants created presentations on how extremes were changing in their countries. The workshop is making a direct contribution to climate change research by initiating a peer-review paper on how extremes are changing in a region never before analyzed and where data exchange is rare.« less


Enzyme preparation containing a proteinase and a stabilizer for the proteinase, wherein the proteinase is immobilized by adsorption on a powdered polysaccharide carrier, characterized in that the powdered polysaccharide carrier cereal semolina and / or mist is.


Hydatidiform molar gestations are abnormal conceptions subclassified as partial or complete moles. Differentiating between these entities has important clinical implications, including patient counseling on the risk of persistent gestational trophoblastic disease, risk of developing gestational trophoblastic neoplasia, and appropriate followup. While there is often clinical suspicion for molar gestation, the diagnosis requires morphologic assessment due to the broad differential of nonmolar entities. This may include specimens with genetic abnormalities, prominent trophoblast hyperplasia, and androgenic/ biparental mosaicism. When distinguishing between a nonmolar hydropic abortus, partial mole, and complete mole, overlapping features may lead to misclassification, particularly in early gestation. Nonmolar hydropic abortus has variable but large, immature villi with edema in early gestation. The villous enlargement is less than that seen in a partial or complete mole, and importantly, no significant trophoblast proliferation should be present (Figure 1A). If trophoblastic proliferation is present, it is generally polarized on the chorionic villi. In contrast, a partial mole typically has two villous populations: smaller villi and larger edematous villi that can contain central cisterns. Some degree of trophoblast proliferation should be apparent (Figure 1B). Fetal tissue can be present in both a partial mole and hydropic abortus. A complete mole has diffusely enlarged villi with circumferential trophoblast proliferation and prominent central cisterns (Figure 1C). Overall, the morphologic distinction between partial and complete moles is one of degree: the former has two populations of villi, less prominent cisterns, and less exuberant trophoblastic proliferation; the latter has diffuse enlargement of villi, more prominent cisterns, and exuberant trophoblastic


High-resolution and low-resolution UV spectra and a high-resolution optical spectrum were obtained for PG 1159-035, revealing apparent photospheric absorption features with defined cores from N V 1240 A, N IV 1270 A, O V 1371 A, and C IV 1550 A. The photospheric velocity derived using all of these lines except for C IV is about +35 km/s. Equivalent-width measurements determined for all of the features may provide a tighter constraint on the photospheric temperature in a detailed model atmosphere analysis treating the CNO ions.


Johar (Cassia siamea Lamk.) leaves widely used as a traditional medicine. Johar leaves contain chemical compounds such us alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, sitosterol and barakol which have effect of treatment for several diseases including inflammatory. This study aims to determine anti-inflammatory effect of chloroform fraction C.siamea leaves. This study was conducted using 15 Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups: control group who were given suspension of Na.CMC 1% w / v, the comparison group were given diclofenac sodium suspension 0.35 mg / kg, the test group dose of 75 mg / kg, the test group dose of 150 mg / kg and a test group of 300 mg / kg. Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity was done by measured initial volume of the foot all test animal then given the drug orally according to dosage of its group. After 30 minutes, each group made inflammatory by induced karagen 1% 0.1 mL by intraplatar. Furthermore, inflammation's degrees was measured every hour for 8 hours. The results obtained show that after 2 hours, inflammatory of the control group Na.CMC had increased much higher compared to the other groups. This is shows that Na.CMC doesn't have effects anti-inflammation. The comparison group diclofenac sodium gave the best inhibitory effect that have been shown from an increase volume of feet smaller than the test group chloroform fraction of Johar leaves. While in chloroform fraction of Johar leaves test group, group with dosage 75 mg/kg gave an inhibitory effect better than the other test group dosage.


To solve the problem of large environmental burden caused by disposal of FRP (Fiber Reinforced Plastics), Poly Lactic Acid (PLA), which is plant-derived and biodegradable, has received a lot of attention as an environmentally friendly material for the matrix of FRP. However, since the decomposition rate is very slow as compared with other biodegradable resins, it is difficult to make a processing of a large amount of PLA in the natural environment. Therefore, a method to accelerate decomposition rate of PLA by blending hydrolysis accelerator to PLA has been developed. In this study, composite material, in which PLA is blended with hydrolysis accelerator and reinforced with glass fibers, was molded using high speed compression molding process, and its tensile strength and the effect of heat treatment and tensile strength on the crystallinity was clarified. In consequence, regardless of the existence of hydrolysis accelerator, crystallinity of glass fiber reinforced PLA composites was improved by the annealing process. Tensile strength of glass fiber reinforced PLA decreased by the annealing process. For glass fiber reinforced PLA which was blended with hydrolysis accelerator, however, annealing process did not affect their tensile strength.


Mutations in LRRK2 have been identified as a genetic cause of familial Parkinson's disease (PD), and mutations in LRRK2 have also been found in the more common sporadic form of PD, thus positioning LRRK2 as important in the pathogenesis of PD. Biochemical studies of the disease causing mutants of LRRK2 implicates an enhancement of kinase activity as the basis of neuronal toxicity and thus possibly the pathogenesis of PD due to LRRK2 mutations. Previously, a chemical library screen identified inhibitors of LRRK2 kinase activity. Here, two of these inhibitors, GW5074 and sorafenib are shown to protect against G2019S LRRK2-induced neurodegeneration in vivo in C. elegans and in Drosophila. These findings indicate that increased kinase activity of LRRK2 is neurotoxic and that inhibition of LRRK2 activity can have a disease modifying effect. This suggests that inhibition of LRRK2 holds promise as a treatment for PD.


In this paper, three controllers are compared in order to levitate a steel sphere in a SISO magnetic levitation plant. Simulations of the controlled dynamic system are developed in MATLAB and the current and position behavior are addressed and compared with the experimental results. The first controller is implemented and designed using a PD control methodology. The other two controllers are designed in the state space using the pole placement and the linear quadratic regulator methods. All these controllers were designed and implemented using the ds1104 board. This work was done to validate the control methods studied in courses such as classical and digital control usually offered in Electrical Engineering programs.


Contents: -- Basic Math Concepts -- Factors Affecting Profit -- Cost of Merchandise and Terms of Sale -- Reductions -- Calculating Basic Markup -- Markup and Pricing Strategy -- Valuation of Retail Inventory -- Six-Month Plans -- Purchase Performance and Profitability


OBJECTIVES
To calculate the size and dioptric power of a posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL) to achieve emmetropia in adult rabbits and to compare the dioptric power calculation results using a proprietary predictive formula to a retinoscopy-based method.

ANIMALS STUDIED
Three wild rabbit cadavers, seven pet rabbits with cataracts and ten healthy pet rabbits.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Implant size was calculated using a capsular tension ring (CTR) (Acrivet® , Berlin, Germany). Published and cadaveric biometric data were used in the predictive formula. An IOL power-escalation study compared the predicted values to the refraction results of one pet rabbit (P1) fitted with a + 41D canine IOL (Acrivet® ) and six pet rabbits (P2-P7) fitted with prototype IOLs (Acrivet® ). Retinoscopy of 10 healthy pet rabbits served as controls.

RESULTS
A 13.5 mm CTR fitted in all rabbits and permitted the use of a 13 mm IOL. The predicted IOL power ranged between +24D and +25D. The +41D IOL resulted in a refraction error of +8D. Progressive recalculation through a calibration formula led to the insertion of three +49D IOLs in two pet rabbits and a refraction of +6D to +8D, followed by seven +58D IOLs in four pet rabbits and a refraction median of 0D (range: -1.5D to +1D).

CONCLUSIONS
A 13 mm prototype IOL of +58D achieves emmetropia and is of adequate size for rabbits. The combined use of a CTR and retinoscopy is a useful method to calculate the size and refractive power of a new, species-specific, veterinary IOL.


. Subglacial lakes form beneath ice sheets and ice caps if water is available, and if bedrock and surface topography are able to retain the water. On a regional scale, the lakes modulate the timing and rate of freshwater flow through the subglacial system to the ocean by acting as reservoirs. More than one hundred hydrologically active subglacial lakes, that drain and recharge periodically, have been documented under the Antarctic ice sheet, while only a handful of active lakes have been identified in Greenland. The small size of the Greenlandic subglacial lakes puts additional demands on mapping capabilities 5 aiming to resolve the evolving surface topography in sufficient detail to record their temporal behavior. Here, we explore the potential for combining data from CryoSat-2, TanDEM-X


The influx of data in the world today needs analysis that no method can handle. Some reports estimated the influx of data to reach 163 zettabytes by 2025 and hence the need for simulation and modeling theory and practice. Simulation and modeling tools and techniques are of most importance in this day and age. While simulation carries the needed work, tools of visualizing the results help in decisionmaking process. Simulation ranges of simple queue to molecular dynamics include seismic reliability analysis, structural integrity assessment, games, reliability engineering, and system safety. This book will introduce simulation and modeling to practitioners, researchers, and novice users to the world of imagination. Simulation and modeling programs are not like any other computer program. Section 1 can look at the amount of research being conducted in the scientific community, and the facts are reflected in Section 2. Section 3 shows the distinguishing factors of simulation. Section 4 presents classical simulation approaches and their handling of the time elements which is one of the distinguishing factors of simulation. Section 5 sheds light on the reasons why we simulation. Section 6 explains furthermore the different uses of simulation especially in training. Section 7 discusses the answer of proof of correctness or validation and verification question that is the second distinguishing feature of simulation.


Mitigation measures may be used to prevent soil and water pollution from waste disposal, landfill sites, septic or chemical storage tanks. Among them, drains and impervious barriers may be set up. The efficiency of this technique can be evaluated by means of groundwater modeling tools. The groundwater flow and the leakage drain–aquifer interactions are implemented in a conforming finite element method (FEM) and a mixed hybrid FEM (MHFEM) in a horizontal two-dimensional domain modeling regional aquifer below chemical storage tanks. Considering the influence of uncertainties in the drain–aquifer exchange rate parameter and using an automatic differentiation (AD) tool, the aim of this paper is to carry out a sensitivity analysis with respect to the leakage coefficient for the piezometric head, velocity field, and streamlines to provide a new insight into groundwater waterbody exchanges. Computations are performed with both an ideal homogeneous hydraulic conductivity and a realistic heterogeneous one. The tangent linear codes are validated using Taylor tests performed on the head and the velocity field. The streamlines computed using AD are well approximated in comparison with the nondifferentiated codes. Piezometric head computed by the MHFEM is the more sensitive, particularly near to the drain, than the FEM one. doi: 10.2166/hydro.2017.026 s://iwaponline.com/jh/article-pdf/20/1/177/238863/jh0200177.pdf Mohammad Moezzibadi (corresponding author) Isabelle Charpentier Adrien Wanko Robert Mosé Icube UMR 7357, Université de Strasbourg and CNRS, 2 rue Boussingault, 67000 Strasbourg, France E-mail: email@example.com


Performance data are presented for a flight-like, lightweight, high efficiency pulse tube cryogenic cooler. The cooler has a mass of less than 4.0 kg, and an efficiency of 12 W/W, which is 18% of Carnot at 95 K, nearly double the efficiency of previous cooler designs, The mass of the cooler has been reduced by approximately a factor of three. The design point cooling power is 10 watts at 95 K at a heat rejection temperature of 300 K. The no-load temperature is 45 K. The compressor is built by Hymatic Engineering, UK, and is of a horizontally opposed piston design using flexure bearings. The vertical pulse tube is built by TRW with the heat exchanger or cold block located approximately mid-way along the tube. The final assembly and integration is also performed by TRW. The inertance tube and dead volume are contained within one of the compressor end caps. The cooler was developed by TRW under a joint NASA-DOD program, and has a goal of 10 yr operating lifetime. Potential NASA applications will focus on using coolers of this type in Zero boil off (ZBO) cryogen storage topologies for next generation launch vehicles. Zero boil off systems will feature significant reductions in tank size and Initial Mass to Low Earth Orbit (IMLEO), thereby significantly reducing the cost of access to space, and enabling future missions. The coolers can be used directly in liquid oxygen (LOx) or liquid methane ZBO systems, as shield coolers in liquid hydrogen tanks, or as first stage coolers in two-stage liquid hydrogen (LH2) ZBO cooler systems. Finally, the coolers could find applications in exploration missions where either propellants or breathable oxygen are extracted from the planetary atmosphere using a Sabatier or similar process. The gases could then be liquefied for storage either directly in return vehicle propellant tanks or on the planetary surface. Data presented were taken with the cooler operating in a vacuum of 10 (exp -5) torr, at controlled rejection temperatures from 300 K down to 275 K using a cold water heat exchanger bolted to the cooler. Heat loads were varied between 0.5 W and 15 W by supplying current to a 50 omega resistor mounted on a copper cold plate which was bolted to the cooler cold block. Silicon diodes mounted on both the cold plate and the heat exchanger provided accurate temperature measurement to within plus or minus 0.25 K and plus or minus 0.5 K respectively, up to 100 K with plus or minus 1% accuracy above 100 K. Input power to the compressor was limited to 180 W, corresponding to a maximum stroke of 80%.


In this work, we have investigated the structural and mechanical properties of a new class of soft and superelastic materials, called schwarzynes. These materials are obtained by inserting sp carbon atoms (acetylenic groups) into the schwarzite framework. Using fully atomistic molecular dynamics simulations with the AIREBO force field, our results show that schwarzynes are stable materials up to high temperatures (1000K). Schwarzynes exhibit a very wide elastic regime, some of them up to 70% strain without structural fractures. Our preliminary results show that the elastic properties can be easily engineered by tuning the number of acetylenic groups and the crystallographic directions where they are inserted.


A typical healthcare system needs further participation with patient monitoring, vital signs sensors and other medical devices. Healthcare moved from a traditional central hospital to scattered patients. Healthcare systems receive help from emerging technology innovations such as fifth generation (5G) communication infrastructure: internet of things (IoT), machine learning (ML), and artificial intelligence (AI). Healthcare providers benefit from IoT capabilities to comfort patients by using smart appliances that improve the healthcare level they receive. These IoT smart healthcare gadgets produce massive data volume. It is crucial to use very high-speed communication networks such as 5G wireless technology with the increased communication bandwidth, data transmission efficiency and reduced communication delay and latency, thus leading to strengthen the precise requirements of healthcare big data utilities. The adaptation of 5G in smart healthcare networks allows increasing number of IoT devices that supplies an augmentation in network performance. This paper reviewed distinctive aspects of internet of medical things (IoMT) and 5G architectures with their future and present sides, which can lead to improve healthcare of patients in the near future.


ABSTRACT In most areas where English is spoken today, it is part of a multilingual context. English is one component of the sociolinguistic profile of many nations. In nations where English is a mother tongue or first language for the majority of the population, other speech communities contribute further languages to the linguistic environment. And in contexts where the majority speak a language other than English, it may serve as a language of administration or as a medium of instruction in the educational domain. Over the past few decades, speech communities have also increasingly been influenced by languages usually spoken outside the community. A particular case is the spread of English via music and films through the radio, television, and the internet. As a result, English is part of the linguistic repertoire of many nations and the individuals living in them. These multilingual contexts have in common the fact that individuals can draw on the various languages to meet their diverse communicative needs and to construct their identities. This article describes how this may result in changes to the English language and even in the emergence of new linguistic forms, with particular reference to the post-colonial nation of Kenya.


The mathematical models of a piezoengine are determined for nanomedicine and applied bionics. The structural scheme of a piezoengine is constructed. The matrix equation is obtained for a piezoengine.


This research project looks at the impact of using language software in the classroom to enhance pupils' oral skills. After defining the notions of quality and quantity as pertains to language learning, the study essentially involves a three-pronged approach, using my class of 17 pupils and a colleague's class of 18 pupils as a control group, in examining the extent to which using technology in the language laboratory affects learning. Firstly, pupils' levels of confidence and fear as regards speaking French in classroom situations were identified and explored via questionnaires and semi-structured group interviews. Secondly, pupils engaged with the software in the language lab once per two- week cycle over the course of five months. During this time, they used headsets to focus on tasks related to oral skills for the entire 55-minute lesson, all the while adhering to a 'checklist' of key desirable linguistic features to succeed at the iGCSE oral exam. Finally, changes in confidence and fear levels as well as quantity and quality of language were measured via pupils' own uploads of their audio recordings, the same questionnaires, further group interviews and official exam grades. Findings indicate the potential for effective integration of ICT within MFL for speaking tasks. This is evidenced by a reduction in fear with a concomitant rise in pupil confidence levels as per teacher observations and pupil feedback in questionnaires and interviews. Quality and quantity of language produced also increased, considerably for some. However, it appears that pupils do not wish to engage solely with ICT and prefer to retain face-to-face communication for most language lessons, despite feeling unconfident in front of others at times, with ICT complementing traditional lessons rather than replacing them.


We present a study in the context of coding activities for children. Our main focus is towards understanding the relation between children's attitudes towards coding and their behaviour while coding. Forty-four school children participated in this study solving different coding problems. We used mixed methods to capture attitude and behaviour of the children participating in the study. The attitudes towards learning to program were recorded using the self-reporting questionnaires and the behaviour was captured using the eye-trackers. The results show that the gaze-behaviour of the children moderates the relationship among the different attitudes towards coding.


Purpose:To investigate the MR characterization of chronic rotator cuff injury,compared with gross anatomy and histology.Materials and Methods:The study group consisted of 20 cadaver shoulders.All shoulders underwent identical MR examinations on a 1.0T MR unit (Philips Gyroscant 1.0-NT).Results:Tendon degeneration was characterized by increased intrasubstance signal on T1- weighted or PD-weighted images with normal configuration.According to the histological images,par- tial-thickness tear had 3 types.Focal area of tendon discontinuity filled with T2 bright fluid signal was the most specific sign of partial-thickness tears (typeⅠ).The signal intensity was various,usually slight hyperintense on T_2 sequence,in scar-type (typeⅡ) with distinctly morphologic changes,which was often seen in cases of chronic injury.It was difficult to differentiate intrasubstance tear (typeⅢ) from degeneration.Full-thickness tear showed"tunnel sign",defect with or without retraction of the ruptured tendon.Conclusion:MR characterization of chronic rotator cuff injury especially partial tears is very complicated.MR diagnosis must be carefully estimated by combining signal intensity and mor- phology.


The burden of social security tax should be shared by the employer and the employee.We can theoretically reason it by the mathematical method,that the proportion being shared by the employer and the employee is the ratio by the elasticity of labor supply and the elasticity of labor demand.When Chinese government design the system of social security tax,they must lessen the costs of taxation and shifting taxes in order to reduce the negative effects to economic efficiency by taxation.When they stipulated a rational ratio of tax burden of social security tax between employers and employees,they must study the current labor supply and labor demand.The rate of social security tax should be relatively stationary in the short term,but it should be continuous changed in the long term according to the changes of economic environment.


This paper proposes empirical mode decomposition (EMD) based pre-process to increase classification accuracy of hyperspectral images. EMD is an adaptive and non-linear signal decomposition approach and decomposes the data into intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) and a residue. In this paper, EMD is applied to each hyperspectral image band to obtain IMFs. After EMD is performed to each band, new bands are reconstructed as the sum of higher level IMFs and classification is executed over these new bands. Support vector machine (SVM) is used to show the classification performance of the proposed approach. Experimental results show that, utilization of the first two IMFs significantly increases the classification accuracy compared to applying SVM directly to the original data set.


Previous cracks and broken sheets in new cement concrete pavements is one of the major diseases in pavement,which directly affects the service life and appearance of roads as well as vehicle safety and comfort,and restricts the development of cement concrete pavement to some extent.Therefore,it is important to eliminate and reduce these cracks and broken sheets during construction.


Article Information Received 25 May 2014 Received in revised form 01 Aug 2014 Accepted 03 August 2014 Abstract It has been evaluated that approximately 50% of all drug molecules marketed as medicinal products are administered in a form of salts as they offer many benefits for the pharmaceutical drugs. Salt formation is a relatively simple and powerful pre-formation technique that can result in significant improvement of drug's physicochemical properties. Following the formation of candidate salt forms, the optimal form is chosen for further development. Salt selection is a rational and step-wise process, in which salts are analysed with regard to particular properties and the most suitable forms are examined further to ensure an optimal choice. Although the effects of salt formation may be highly beneficial to the drug's performance, there are a number of properties that may deteriorate as a result of the drug being formulated as a salt.


Personal computers today are able to play natural sounding human speech and provide full-screen interactive video. Computers can also allow users to communicate globally and to interact with one another in real-time using chat lines, Webcams (Web cameras), etc. Such virtual communication avenues offer opportunities for authentic language use between native and non-native. Furthermore, CD-ROMS used with laptop computers can offer language instruction almost anywhere on demand. With so many possibilities available, broadly speaking, the computer can be used essentially in three ways for language teaching. It can be used to present material to the entire class; it can be used by small groups of learners working collaboratively at the screen, either in the classroom or on a self-access basis; and it can be used as an individual resource either in the classroom or on a self-access basis [1]. Whenever the computer is used in any of the three ways for language teaching, it can be utilized as a productivity tool and as an instrument for promoting higher-order thinking skills—in other words, as a cognitive stimulator. This article considers the role of cognition in language learning and explores constructivism and Bloom's taxonomy of higher-order thinking skills. By noting how computer-assisted language learning (CALL) and cognitive development are linked, we can understand why the computer is under-utilized as a promoter of higher-order thinking skills and suggests ways to remedy that situation for language learning with computers.


Purpose of this research is to investigate the reaction of Indonesia capital market to the announcement of an increase in cigarette excise rates on September 13 2019. The cigarette sub sector companies that has been listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange are used as sample. Event study is a research approach to investigate the reaction of the Indonesia capital market towards the announcement of increasing cigarette excise rates. In this study, market adjusted model was chosen to explain the expected return from the announcement of an increase in cigarette excise rates. Nine days of windows period were used which consist of four days before the announcement, announcement date, and four days after the announcement of the increase in cigarette excise rates. There were two proxies that have been aksed to explain capital market namely abnormal return, and trading volume activity. The finding of the result showed that the market reacted to the announcement which was found from the abnormal return at t-4 and t+3. On the other hand, there was no significant reaction towards the announcement proxied by trading volume activity.


Objective To analyze the feeling of nursing undergraduates after one semester of earlyclinical placement.Methods School of Nursing at Soochow University initiated Early Clinical PlacementI for the undergraduates recruited from poverty-stricken areas in 2013.Results Each student hadgained a profound understanding of nursing.Conclusions Early clinical placement is helpful for under-graduate to cultivate interest towards nursing and broaden thinking.

Key words:
Nursing;  Clinical placement;  Interest in nursing


A 40-year-old male had a history of tinea pedis, which had been treated with itraconazole. One week later fever and pruritic, multiple, symmetric, erythematous papules developed, some of which became confluent, producing plaques on his face, trunk, and limbs. The skin biopsy showed subcorneal and spongiform pustules. One month later we had patch tests with itraconazole and other drugs. The result of the patch test using itraconazole was a (++) reaction that showed erythematous macules, papulovesicles and patch (after 48 hours). So, we report here a rare case of acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) that manifests as generalized erythema, erythema multiforme and amicrobial pustules with fever due to itraconazole. (Korean J Dermatol 2009;47(9):1098∼1101)


In exercise of the powers conferred by sub-section (1) of section 14 of the Building and Other Construction Workers' Welfare Cess Act, 1996 (Act 8 of 1996). China has chosen not to take part in the arbitral tribunal brought against it by the Philippines. Hence, now that the tribunal has issued its ruling, China should stay away from commenting on the case and instead offer concrete plans for functional cooperation in the South China Sea.


A test is made to argue that the luminosity-surface brightness correlation found in eye-selected samples of cluster dwarf galaxies is probably merely the result of selection effects. The test involves the comparison of the apparent magnitude-surface brightness plot of low surface brightness galaxies and the absolute magnitude-surface brightness plot for the same galaxies. It is concluded that there may be large numbers of low surface brightness galaxies in clusters like Virgo which have parameters different from those usually studied.


We have used PVDF gauges to determine time‐resolve stresses resulting from interaction between hypervelocity‐impact‐generated debris clouds and various target gauge blocks. Debris clouds were generated from three different impact configurations: 1) steel spheres impacting stell bumper sheets at 4.5 to 6.0 km/s, 2) aluminum inhibited shaped‐charge jets impacting aluminum bumper sheets at 11.4 km/s, and 3) titanium disks impacting titanium bumper sheets at 7.6 to 10.1 km/s. Additional data were collected from the various experiments using flash X−ray radiography, pulsed laser photography, impact flash measurements, time‐resolved strain gauge measurements, and velocity interferometry (VISAR). Data from these various techniuqes are in general agreement with one another and with hydrocode predictions, and provide a quantitative and comprehensive picture of imapct‐generated debris clouds.


In this paper, we consider a discontinuous piecewise smooth system involving four parameters and two asymptotes, recently introduced as a model in engineering sciences. We classify and investigate its bifurcation behaviour. A local bifurcation analysis of the system in the range of parameters which has not been studied so far is undertaken and then supported by numerical computations. This reveals the existence of a flip bifurcation depends on the power singularity. Moreover, we state that a set of positive measure of points with divergent dynamic behaviour exists.


To find global frequent itemsets in a multiple, continuous, rapid and time-varying data stream, a fast, incremental, real-time, and little-memory-cost algorithm should be used. Based on the max-frequency window model, a BHS summary structure and a novel algorithm called GGFI-MFW are proposed. It merely updates the summaries for subsets of the data new arrived and could directly generate the max-frequency for a given item set without scanning the whole summary. Experiment results indicate that the proposed algorithm could efficiently find global frequent itemsets over a data stream with a small memory and perform overwhelming superiority for a large number of distinct items.


The strategy of developing Western China was carried out when has a lot to do the preliminary market system was built up and China entered into WTO. Consequently, the local government was bound to in the regional development. Based on the analysis of the capability deficiency, this passage discusses the modes of promoting government capability policy advice by means of the equilibrium principle of resource allocation between the government and market.


Since the demise of the Soviet Union, urban transport services in the Kyrgyz Republic have deteriorated badly and are increasingly incapable of satisfying public demand. Currently publicly owned and operated services are available primarily in the capital, Bishkek. Private operators provide a variety of transport services in Bishkek and other urban areas. Whether publicly or privately provided, however, the services are not satisfactory to users. The Kyrgyz Government is concerned about this situation and has requested World Bank assistance. The proposed project will focus on three major cities: Bishkek, Osh, and Jalal-Abad. As part of the project preparation process, the Bank launched a social assessment (SA) in September 1997. The SA sought to gain a better understanding of transport patterns and the transport needs of low-income residents, as well as to facilitate stakeholder participation in the design of a people-focused urban transport project. This Note gives a brief presentation of the objectives of the social assessment, the basic steps followed, and the main findings and recommendations from the SA.


This paper addresses the challenges of teaching computer ethics to engineers. The computer professionals are identified as the starting point of the stakeholders network of ICT and as a consequence ...


This paper provides an overview of the 70 MWe Heber Binary Geothermal Demonstration Power Plant. Details of the power conversion cycle, the plant design criteria, mechanical and heat exchange equipment and materials of construction are presented. A review of the construction and start-up milestones and an update of relevant experience gained during the early operation phase of the project is provided. The Heber Binary Project is the first commercial scale binary cycle geothermal power plant commissioned in the United States. San Diego Gas and Electric Company provided overall project management for the project with additional sponsorship support from the Department of Energy, Electric Power Research Institute, four California utilities and two private sector firms.


This FOA is issued jointly by The National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) and The National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) and solicits grant applications from institutions/organizations to support a centralized protein sequence and function resource (hereafter called ''Resource'') that will serve as a repository of curated protein sequences and will provide high quality annotation of the functional information. This FOA will utilize the U41 grant mechanism. The participating NIH institutes intend to commit approximately $6.0 million in FY2010 to fund a single grant in response to this FOA. The total project period for an application submitted in response to this funding opportunity may not exceed three years. Direct costs maybe requested up to $5.5 million per year and up to $6.0 million in total costs. Eligible institutions and organizations include: public or state controlled institutions of higher education; private institutions of higher education; Hispanic-serving institutions; Historically Black Colleges and Universities; Tribally Controlled Colleges and Universities; Alaska nativeand native Hawaiianserving institutions; nonprofit organizations with 501(c)(3) IRS status (other than institutions of higher education); nonprofit organizations without 501(c)(3) IRS status (other than institutions of higher education); for-profit organizations (other than small businesses); state governments; Indian/Native American tribal governments (federally recognized) Indian/Native American tribally designated organizations; county governments; city or township governments; special district governments; nondomestic (non-U.S.) entities (foreign organizations); and eligible agencies of the Federal Government. Individuals with the skills, knowledge, and resources necessary to carry out the proposed research are invited to work with their institution/organization to develop an application for support. Individuals from underrepresented racial and ethnic groups as well as individuals with disabilities are always encouraged to apply for NIH support. More than one PD/PI (i.e., multiple PDs/PIs), may be designated on the application. Applicants may submit one application. Resubmission applications are not permitted in response to this FOA. Resubmission applications are not permitted in response to this FOA. This FOA uses non-standard due dates. Complete details available at http://grants.nih.gov/grants/ guide/rfa-files/RFA-HG-10-004.html.


We consider the problem of incrementally learning models from relational data. Most existing learning methods for statistical relational models use batch learning, which becomes computationally expensive and eventually infeasible for large datasets. The majority of the previous work in relational incremental learning assumes the model's structure is given and only the model's parameters needed to be learned. In this paper, we propose algorithms that can incrementally learn the model's parameters and structure simultaneously. These algorithms are based on the successful formalisation of the relational functional gradient boosting system (RFGB), and extend the classical propositional ensemble methods to relational learning for handling evolving data streams.


In certain lesions of the spinal cord, the prospects of recovery are so much more hopeful from surgical interference than from medical treatment, that an exact diagnosis is of paramount importance. Hence every ray of light, however feeble it may be, that illuminates the question of spinal cord localization, should be most carefully cherished. Our knowledge of the motor centers of the cord is already sufficiently exact to guide the surgeon in his operations, but the precise limitations of the sensory areas are matters still of much uncertainty. A great deal has been accomplished towards increasing our information in this respect by Oppenheim, Westphal, Rosenthal, Eulenberg, Ross, Mills, Osler, Church, and especially Thorburn. According to the general concensus of opinion to-day, the decussations of the sensory and motor tracts are such that a lateral focal lesion anywhere below the cervical enlargement gives rise to ahemiparaplegia, with paralysis upon one


This chapter describes the structure of transfer in Washington State within a historical and policy context. The focus is on how and why the state's transfer system is effective for institutions and efficient for students.


Depleted uranium (U 238 ) is used for pre-ionization in the neon gas to study the soft X-ray emission in a Mather type plasma focus of 3.3 kJ. The X-rays are detected using an assembly of Quantrad Si pin diodes, masked with differential Ross fitters, and with a multi pinhole camera. The X-ray yield and pinhole images are found strongly influenced by the preionization and the pressure of the working gas. The soft X-ray yield of 82.5 ± 4.0 J in 1.3-1.56 keV energy window is obtained in the case of preionization of neon gas at the optimum pressure of 5 mbar, leading to the conversion efficiency of 2.5% of the stored energy. The total yield with preionization is 195 ± 9.0 J in 4π geometry measured at the optimum pressure of 5 mbar giving conversion efficiency of 5.9%. The time integrated images indicate the broadening of X-ray emission zone with preionization.


We are interested in providing natural language front-ends to databases upon which an ontology layer has been added. Specifically, here we deal with how to express ontologies formalized in Description Logics in a controlled language, i.e., a fragment of natural language tailored to compositionally translate into a knowledge representation (KR) language. As KR language we have chosen DL-LiteR,⊓, a representative of the well-known DL-Lite family [3, 4], and we aim at understanding the kind of English constructs the controlled language can and cannot have to correspond to DL-LiteR,⊓. Hence, we compare the expressive power of DL-LiteR,⊓ to that of various fragments of FOL identified by Pratt and Third as corresponding to fragments of English [8]. Our analysis shows that DL-LiteR,⊓, though itself tractable, is incomparable in expressive power with respect to tractable fragments of English. Interestingly, it allows one to represent a restricted form of relative clauses, which lead to intractability when used without restrictions on the occurrences of negations, and existential quantifiers.


Mycolyl-transferases are a family of proteins that are specifically present in the CMN (Corynebacterium, Mycobacterium and Nocardia) genera and are responsible for the synthesis of cell wall components. We modeled the three-dimensional structures of mycolyl-transfersases from Corynebacterium and Nocardia using homology modeling methods based on the crystal structures of mycolyl-transferases from M. tuberculosis. Comparison of the models revealed significant differences in their substrate binding site. Some mycolyl-transferases identified by the following Gene Ids: Nfa25110, Nfa45560, Nfa7210, Nfa38260, Nfa32420, Nfa23770, Nfa43800, Nfa30260, Dip0365, Ncgl0987, Ce1488, Ncgl0885, Ce0984, Ncgl2101, Ncgl0336, Ce0356 are associated with a relatively larger substrate binding site and amino acid residue mutations (D40N, R43D/G, S236N/A) are likely to affect binding to trehalose.


The utility model relates to an automatic simulating device for faults of an automobile electric system, belonging to the technical field of personnel training and checking, aiming at providing the automatic simulating device for faults of the automobile electric system by setting faults on a real car with no need of detaching the real car device. The device comprises a computer and a fault setting box, wherein the fault setting box comprises a microprocessor, a latch set, a relay drive set, a relay set and an EEPROM (electrically erasable programmable read-only memory); the relay is arranged between disconnected electric signal wires; and the microprocessor controls the action of the relay to disconnect or connect the electric signal wires and realize fault simulation. The automatic simulating device has the following advantages of realizing fault simulation, training and checking of the automobile electric system under lossless conditions without detaching the real car device; multiple types of the simulating faults are realized; the effect is real; the device is simple and the cost is low.


There is a lot of valuable information in the trajectory data, but the sheer volume of data creates challenges for storing and analyzing data. Therefore, the simplification of the trajectory data is particularly important. The directional information of the trajectory contains a large amount of semantic information, and the trajectory contour can be well maintained based on the directional simplification. The algorithm in this paper, is based on the improvement of the classical direction-preserving simplification algorithm DPTS. The directed weighting graph is used to obtain the unique path according to the shortest path algorithm. The experimental evaluation shows that the average direction error is declined under the same compression ratio.


A new sparid species, Polysteganus mascarenensis n. sp. (Perciformes; Sparidae) is described on the basis of three type specimens (578‒600 mm SL) from the Mascarene Islands, Indian Ocean. The species differs from the four known congeners of Polysteganus in having the following combination of characters: body moderately slender (depth 39% SL), scale rows between 10th dorsal-fin spine base and lateral line 6 ½, fewer lateral line scales 51‒54, snout broad, its length 2.2‒2.3 times orbit diameter in adults, inter-orbital area of adults with a bony bulge before and above eye (hyperostosis of frontal bones), forming a low median ridge; mouth large, jaws robust, especially upper jaw, caudal fin emarginate (nearly truncate if widely spread), head, body, and all fins generally reddish orange, no dark blotch or rows of small spots along scale rows on the body. The status and identification of congeneric nominal species are discussed, and a key to the species of Polysteganus is provided.


Introduction: Several recent works (e.g. [1-3]) have suggested that dynamic MRI series reconstructions can be significantly improved by promoting low-rank (LR) structure in the estimated image series when it is reshaped into Casorati form (NxNxT series NxT matrix) [2]. When T<< N, the rank of the (reshaped) true underlying image may actually be not much less than T. For such cases, aggressive rank reduction will result in temporal blurring [3] while only modest rank reduction will fail to remove noise. In [4], Bydder and Du [4] proposed a (rank-preserving) spectral filtering technique for multiecho MRI that operates on overlapping image subregions. In this work, we propose that a similar restriction to only local operations can potentially overcome some of the challenges faced by LR promoting methods when the row and column dimensions of the Casorati matrix differ significantly. This generalization of the LR promoting image series reconstruction paradigm, which we call Locally Low Rank (LLR) image recovery, spatially decomposes an image series estimate into a (redundant) collection of overlapping blocks and promotes that each block, when put into Casorati form, be independently LR. Methods: Without loss of generality, only the recovery of fully-sampled but noisy dynamic series will be considered here. Recall the rank-constrained estimation problem: ( ) ( ) { } 2


European powers trampled international law for scrambling power and hegemony in the 19th century,which gave rise to the fact that the function and effect of international law were greatly limited.For this,Marx and Engels strongly criticized the European powers' behavior of violating the international law,and revealed the function and effect international law should have: stressing that international law should protect the normal relations among states;that international law should regulate western powers' international behavior;that international law should support national liberation movement;that international law should help to create new international order.


Practical Applications Summary In The Characteristics of Factor Investing, from the 2019 Quantitative Special Issue of the Journal of Portfolio Management, David Blitz and Milan Vidojevic (both of Robeco Asset Management) argue that generic factor-based investment strategies experience lower returns because they disregard the effects of other factors. For instance, the expected returns of two top-quintile value stocks can potentially be determined by each stock's exposure to momentum or profitability characteristics—which can differ significantly from one stock to another. The authors developed a characteristics-based multifactor model based on the six most common factor characteristics and tested its ability to explain returns of five prominent factor investing styles: size, value, profitability, investment, and momentum. The model was able to explain performance differences in factor-based strategies and weighting schemes in terms of factor exposure, suggesting that effective factor investing must account for all relevant drivers of expected stock returns, not just a single targeted factor.


Method for forming objects, the method comprising: injecting a first material to form a plurality of layers (70) defining an increment of the support structure (72), so as to form a layer (74) of the object (38) and a extruding a second material. A layer of the object (38) (74) is substantially conform to the inner surface (68) of the increment of the support structure (72).


1. Introduction 2. Plant Imagery in the Hodayot 3. Plant Imagery in the Rule of the Community 4. Plant Imagery in the Damascus Document 5. Plant Imagery in 4Q/1QInstruction 6. Temple Imagery in 4QFlorilegium 7. Temple Imagery in the Songs of the Sabbath Sacrifice - Shirot 'Olat Ha-Shabbat 8. Temple Imagery in Temple Scroll 9. Temple Imagery in the Rule of the Community 10. Temple Imagery in the Pesharim 11. Conclusion.


The paper is to discuss the thermal phenomena of the supercritical CO2 in the geothermal reservoir for the enhanced geothermal system. The transient heat transfer model conjugated with the Brinkman model of employed by the finite element package is used to obtain the dynamic and thermal behavior in the porous medium. The different pressure of the reservoir, the various inlet volumetric flow rate are discussed. The results show that the inlet volumetric flow rate results in the temperature difference between the wall and working fluid on the exit apparently. It can be predicted that the heat extraction will increase as the volumetric flow rate decreases. In addition, the suitable operated pressure will reach the maximum heat extraction for the reason of property of supercritical CO2.


The issues of culture-studies education are covered. The culture-studies education is analyzed in the context of intercultural communications. The goal of this education is regarded in its close inter-relation of the processes of up-bringing and teaching and defined as the development of a specific type of an individual consciousness, the necessity of which has been found out in the situation of intercultural communications. Such a type of consciousness is described as an understanding consciousness which may be constructed only through symbols, the life of which is opened by means of semeiotic structures. The method of an understanding consciousness development is the culture-studies education built on the basis of the distinction of formal and conceptual knowledge. A specific character of the problem of the correlation of «knowledge-cognition» and «knowledge understanding» in the educational process is explained.


workers, the pool of currently at-risk patients can be constantly updated and such patients regularly cared for in both clinic and village. At first sight such an intensive system may seem too time-consuming. In practice, little extra time is spent either by supervisor or VHW. Both are using their time more effectively and maximizing their effectiveness, thereby reducing programme costs. It might be argued that a system in which illiterate VHWs depend on written instructions cannot be viable. There are three ways of tackling this problem: a village schoolboy or literate family member can be recruited as the writer, who in turn will gain interest and understanding from his apprenticeship; in his absence the supervisor can write for the VHW; eventually the problem is usually solved by the VHW becoming literate, the need to write acting as an incentive to join the village literacy programme. The system has several advantages. First, health workers at clinic and village level take a pride in their work as each assumes direct responsibility for patient care, being held accountable for the results. Villagers, in turn, are pleased that health workers at all levels are taking a caring interest in their own and their children's health. The skills of middle-level workers are effectively used to prevent or detect illness early, whereas crisis management of chronic problems which have turned acute needs visiting by doctors and referrals to hospital. By early diagnosis and intervention, treatments remain within the competence purview of field-trained health workers, thus saving time, energy and resources. A final advantage is that up-to-date knowledge about each at-risk patient is shared by VHW, doctor and supervisor (Figure 1). Such patients will therefore receive the same advice and treatment from all health team members; communication and efficiency are thus improved at all levels.


The majority of the nodes connected and operating as an today are Wireless networks, because of its own advantage. In the Adhoc networks nodes are not connected with any fixed infrastructure and are operated by battery power. Each node consumes a large amount of energy while transmission or reception of packets, among the nodes. While the nodes depend on each other for efficient transferring of packets, it is a key issue in networks to have efficient methods for forwarding of packets between any given pair of nodes, with minimum power consumption and less number of intermediate nodes . In this study we propose an optimal routing protocol called MARI (Mobile Agent with Routing Intelligence). The MARI Topology proposed for power management is novel and is used for the consumption of minimum power in an wireless network, at each node. The Protocol groups the network into distinct networks with the selection of MARI nodes and Gateways for efficient packet transmission between any member node pair. The operational cycle at each node is classified into four distinct operations, i.e., transmitting, receiving, idle and sleep cycle, in order to achieve efficient power management in a wireless network. Keywords -Adhoc Networks, MARI, Power management, Nodes, Transmission.


In this paper, airline passengers' cancellation and rebooking behavior across multiple carriers is analysed. Using 2004 ticketing data from ARC. Multiple origin-destination pairs are selected to examine differences in leisure and business markets as well as differences in market structure. Hazard models are used to predict the probability an individual will "survive" until the next time period or "die" due to cancellation or exchange. Unlike many applications of hazard models, this application is unique in that the exact times of birth (ticketing date) and death are known, as are the exact causes of death (cancellation, exchange on different date, exchange to different itinerary, etc.). In conclusion, this paper is one of (if not) the first to examine passenger cancellation and rebooking behavior across multiple carriers and provides new insights into airline passenger behavior (particularly related to differences between individual and group bookings). To the best of our knowledge, it is also the first published study to be based on ticket clearinghouse data from ARC. This is of particular interest to airlines because as the use of the Internet has increased, traditional data sources (such as Computerized Reservation System, CRS, data on booking reservations made through travel agencies) is becoming less reliable since it represents a smaller percentage of the market. For example, five years ago, CRS data represented about 80% of all booking transactions, while today, in some markets, it represents only about 20%. Moreover, given the backbone of many current revenue management systems is based on CRS booking data, there is increasing interest from airlines in assessing the viability of using alternative data sources, such as the ARC data. Consequently, this study will provide one of the first assessments of the benefits of using ARC data to model passenger ticketing, cancellation, and exchange behavior. For the covering abstract see ITRD E135582.


A case of pulmonary interstitial emphysema in a premature newborn infant with hyaline membrane disease is reported. The interstitial emphysema at first involved both lungs, then became localized to the left upper lobe. There was an associated pneumopericardium which resolved spontaneously. The increasing amount of air in the interstitium of the left upper lobe resulted in severe respiratory embarrassment which necessitated surgical removal at 29 days of age. Pathologic examination of the resected lobe showed chronic pulmonary interstitial emphysema and dilated, thick-walled lymphatic vessels.
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We classify the normal subgroups K of the tetrahedral group Delta=[3,5,3]^+, the even subgroup of the Coxeter group Gamma=[3,5,3], with Delta/K isomorphic to a finite simple group L_2(q). We determine their normalisers N(K) in the isometry group of hyperbolic 3-space H^3, the isometry groups N(K)/K of the associated hyperbolic 3-manifolds H^3/K, and the symmetry groups N_{Gamma}(K)/K of the icosahedral tessellations of these manifolds, giving a detailed analysis of how L_2(q) acts on these tessellations.


A new species of Eomyodon, E. dangheensis, is described based on specimens discovered from the late Oligocene in the Danghe area, Gansu, China. Its main features are: cheek teeth brachydont; lower cheek teeth with posterosinusid; p4 with distinct protostylid and without anteroconid or anterolophid; m1/2 with free anteroolophid, long mesolophid, lingually open synclininids, well-developed synclinid IV; M1/2 with posterior crest of paracone, long and straight mesoloph, long and closed syncline II, and long sinus. Pseudotheridomys asiaticus Wang and Emry, 1990, is transferred to Eomyodon (E. asiaticus) because its cheek teeth, except V 9575, are more similar to Eomyodon rather than to Pseudotheridomys. V 9575 is tentatively retained as Pseudotheridomys sp. It is evident that Eomyodon known in Europe occurred and diversified in Asia in late Oligocene, but has not ever been reported from North America. Thus, the exchange of Eomyodon took only place between Asia and Europe in late Oligocene.


The interactions between hydrazine and blowby gases from pyrovalves was explored in this research project. Investigating the decomposition chemistry of hydrazine through detailed chemical kinetic modeling is a project started last summer while participating in the Summer Faculty Fellowship program. During the 1999-2000 academic year, the chemical kinetic mechanism for hydrazine decomposition developed while a SFF at NASA's White Sands Test Facility was further revised and validated against the limited experimental data in the literature. This mechanism was then used in assessing the effects of blowby gas species on hydrazine decomposition. The combustion products introduced into the fuel line by pyrovalve actuation consist primarily of hydrogen gas. Hydrogen is also a product of the decomposition of hydrazine. Additional gaseous chemical species are introduced into the fuel, as well as metals and metal salts that deposit onto the walls of the fuel line. The deposition process is undoubtedly very rapid, and exothermic. Therefore, the major focus of this summer's work was examining the effects of hydrogen presence on hydrazine decomposition, with some representative calculations including the remaining gaseous species found to exist in blowby gases. Since hydrogen is a product of hydrazine decomposition, all reactions necessary to evaluate its effect on hydrazine decomposition chemistry were in the original mechanism developed. However, the mechanism needed to be considerably expanded to include the reactions of the other gaseous blowby species with hydrazine, all the intermediate species formed in its decomposition, and each other. The expanded mechanism consists of 70 species interacting via a network of 452 reactions. Calculations with molecular hydrogen introduced into hydrazine gas in an inert bath gas indicate that H2 presence as an initial reactant in substantial amounts can dramatically impact the decomposition process for hydrazine. The other gaseous blowby species (CO, CO2, H2O, CH4, O2, and N2) were found to have little effect compared to the inclusion of hydrogen itself as an initial reagent. This result is undoubtedly due, in part, to the fact that the blowby gas used in these calculations consisted of 94.6% H2. A more rigorous examination of the behavior of the full detailed mechanism under a variety of conditions was not performed.


The U.S. government position on world population growth as it emerged in the early 1960s was a fundamental departure in both content and commitment. We embraced the idea that one of the goals of American foreign policy should be the simultaneous reduction of both mortality and fertility across the Third World. It was not simply rhetoric. As the years passed, we committed a growing portion of our foreign aid to that end. The decision to link U.S. foreign-policy objectives with the subsidy of family planning and population control was truly exceptional in that it explicitly aimed at altering the demographic structure of foreign countries through long-term intervention. No nation had ever set in motion a foreign-policy initiative of such magnitude. Its ultimate goal was no less than to alter the basic fertility behavior of the entire Third World! Whether one views this goal as idealistic and naive or as arrogant and self-serving, the project was truly of herculean proportions.


Analyses the causes, the aims, the present situation of transnational corporations' direct investment in China. According to the chance and challenge brought by their direct investment, the paper proposes some strategies to help domestic corporations use foreign capital properly.


According to the actual situation of the manufacturing shop, the multi-objective flexible job shop scheduling model is built, including the total completion time, the maximal machine workload, the total machine workload and carbon emissions. The model also takes the set-up time and unloading time into account, which makes the problem more realistic. In order to solve this kind of flexible job shop scheduling problem, an improved genetic algorithm is proposed. In the algorithm, an initial solution generation mechanism is used to improve the quality of initial solution. The Pareto fast sorting method is used to reduce the algorithm complexity and improve the efficiency of algorithm. Finally the actual case is solved by using the improved genetic algorithm. The experimental results prove the feasibility of the scheduling model and validity of the algorithm.


Most advanced EB masks enhanced resolution are fabricated by CAR photo resist recently. The non-CAR resist would be unsatisfied with making the 0.1 micrometers -below advanced mask fabrication, even for the current 0.13 micrometers -generation high-end masks. Although CAR has the well-known advantages of high-contrast resolution and sensitivity, the complex process behaviors related with different CAR types need to be further investigated. Negative-type CAR ha been widely used to fabricate advanced masks in mask shops. However, positive-type CAR is not well developed to apply for production since it is not investigated yet very well. Therefore, there is an essential necessity to realize the discrepancy between positive and negative CAR. This paper describes the different process phenomenon existing between positive CAR and negative CAR. We made the comparison of difference between t them by conducting ga series of simple experiments: the dose sensitivity test was produced by writing the dose matrix pattern on masks with three different baking temperatures and measuring the selectivity by depth profiler. This selectivity defined here was the thickness of resist after developing, which is indicative of completeness of development, but not the etching selectivity. All process-regarding SEM pictures were captured to determine the best ADI pattern resolution and the related CD measurement was also performed by CD-SEM. From the OPC resolution and available CD information we would set an appropriate process condition for these CAR. After that, a critical layer pattern on the mask was designed to find the optimal process settings. Moreover, all defects were inspected with KLA Tencor Tera Star SLF27 inspection system to give the defect status of CAR. The test masks were written by JBX-9000MV E-beam writing system. The basic property of CAR process for mask fabrication was evaluated in this study.


The dissertation for obtaining the scientific degree of doctor of legal sciences in speciality 12.00.06 – land law; agrarian law; environmental law; natural resources law. – Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University, the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, Kharkiv, 2016.
The dissertation is devoted to ascertaining the methodological grounds of formation and development of the system of agrarian law of Ukraine.
The methodological approaches to exploration of agrarian law system, the historical-legal aspects of its formation and development are characterized. The definition of agrarian law system and its structure is given. The factors of agrarian law system formation, as subject of agrarian law, method of legal regulation of agrarian relationships and principles of agrarian law, are examined.
The structural element of agrarian law of Ukraine system, such as rules of agrarian law, institutes of agrarian law and subbranches within the system of agrarian law, are analyzed. The characteristics of agrarian law as a separate branch of law and basic backbone categories of agrarian law are given. The correlation of agrarian law system and agrarian legislation system is adduced.
The conception of the modern agrarian law of Ukraine system is elaborated. The named conception stipulates the existence of such subbranches, as food security law and rural areas social development law, within the system of agrarian law of Ukraine. The position of agrarian law within the system of law of Ukraine is defined.