A detailed study on the phase behavior and mechanism of lysozyme crystallization is presented. The nucleation and crystal growth rates, crystal morphologies, solubility, second virial coefficients, and cloud-point temperatures under different solution conditions were experimentally measured and theoretically analyzed. The nucleation rates were found to increase with the protein concentration and sodium chloride concentration when crystallization occurred in the solid−liquid coexistence region, and the dependence of nucleation rate on protein concentration was identified to bifurcate into two groups around the liquid−liquid coexistence boundary. The suppression of the nucleation in the protein-rich phase was investigated in terms of protein−protein interactions determined by Raman microscopy and the self-assembly of the protein molecules. The concentration distribution in the region in between the growing nucleus and the protein-rich phase was derived to explain the increase of nucleation rate in the liqui...


Village health volunteers (VHVs) play crucial leadership roles in promoting health behavior changes including searching for, controlling, and preventing the spread of COVID-19 within their communities. This cross-sectional study investigated the association between health literacy and COVID-19 prevention behaviors of 425 VHVs in Samut Songkhram Province, Thailand, who were selected using a multistage sampling method. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire and analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression analysis to determine correlations. Results revealed that most participants demonstrated good overall health literacy (63.3%), with COVID-19 prevention behaviors at a high level (53.6%). A positive correlation was observed between overall health literacy and COVID-19 prevention behavior (r = 0.103, p-value < 0.05). After adjusting for age in years, the overall health literacy score was found to be significantly related to the COVID-19 prevention behavior score (Beta = 0.146). These findings can be utilized to further enhance health literacy among VHVs in Samut Songkhram Province, Thailand and serve as a guideline to promote effective disease prevention behaviors within local communities.


Broad-spectrum HDAC inhibitors, or loss of HDAC activity, reduce or enhance inflammatory responses, depending on the specific disease, inflammatory pathway, or cell type. These observations likely reflect differing roles for individual HDAC enzymes in inflammation. We therefore determined whether differential effects of broad-spectrum HDAC inhibitors on TLR4 responses in macrophages were separable [1]. Comalada and colleagues [2] suggest that HDAC inhibitors do not exert anti-inflammatory effects at noncytotoxic concentrations when used on cells where the activation stimulus inhibits cell proliferation (e.g., LPS-activated primary mouse macrophages). They also argue that our studies are not biologically relevant because of the concentrations of HDAC inhibitors used. Finally, they suggest that we have ignored cell death and that this is actually responsible for the effects we observe. We refute these claims for the following reasons. Regarding the argument that noncytotoxic concentrations of HDAC inhibitors do not suppress inflammatory responses in primary macrophages, we performed detailed analyses about inflammatory mediator production, gene expression, cell viability, and protein hyperacetylation over TSA concentrations ranging from 0 to 500 nM in primary mouse BMM. We clearly showed that noncytotoxic TSA concentrations (e.g., 10 nM) inhibited a subset of TLR4-dependent, inflammatory responses and observed similar effects with a noncytotoxic class II HDAC inhibitor. On the basis of their previous study with butyrate [3], Comalada and colleagues suggest that noncytotoxic concentrations of HDAC inhibitors do not inhibit BMM inflammatory responses and question our data. There are two simple reasons likely to explain the differing conclusions reached. First, whereas we primarily used TSA and class-selective inhibitors, Comalada et al. [3] used butyrate, a short-chain fatty acid that inhibits HDACs. Butyrate is present at high levels in the gut, so the cellular effects of this compound are clearly worth studying, but it is a poor tool for use as a pan HDAC inhibitor. It is ineffective at inhibiting HDAC6 (a class II HDAC) and also has HDAC-independent effects, acting as an agonist of the GPCR, GPR43. Given its simple chemical structure, it probably has other HDAC-independent effects. This may account for some of the differences between the two studies. A much simpler explanation, however, is that different inflammatory mediators were examined. We showed that noncytotoxic TSA concentrations inhibited LPS-inducible mRNA expression of IL12p40, endothelin 1, and Ccl7 (qPCR), as well as IL-12p40 protein secretion (ELISA) in BMM, and Comalada et al. [2] showed that noncytotoxic butyrate concentrations did not affect LPS-inducible mRNA expression of iNOS and Cox-2 (semiqPCR) or TNF secretion (ELISA) in the same cells. As HDAC inhibitors do not target classical TLR signaling pathways (e.g., MAPKs, NFB) and suppress only a subset of TLR4-dependent, inflammatory responses, it is not surprising that there were differences between the two studies; different pharmacological reagents were used to examine different inflammatory outputs. Regarding biologically relevant HDAC inhibitor concentrations, Comalada and colleagues [3] have apparently missed the fact that we reported immunomodulatory effects of low (e.g., 10 nM) and high (e.g., 100–500 nM) concentrations of TSA, both of which have been used extensively in many published studies of macrophage biology. Moreover, the interest in HDAC inhibitors first stemmed from the observation that these compounds are cytotoxic to proliferating cells. This propelled the development of these compounds as anti-cancer drugs. It is therefore difficult to rationalize the assertion that cytotoxic concentrations of HDAC inhibitors are not biologically relevant. Macrophages can proliferate locally at sites of inflammation [4], and inflammatory stimuli sensitize macrophages to HDAC inhibitor-triggered apoptosis [4]. Hence, it would seem quite likely that HDAC inhibitors, when administered in inflammation-related disease models, will be cytotoxic to macrophages (and perhaps other immune cells). Whether the amplification of PAI-1 and other proatherogenic factors from macrophages occurs in vivo in such circumstances remains to be determined. Nonetheless, others have reported that the broad-spectrum HDAC inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid amplified expression of the proatherogenic gene CD36 in vitro and in vivo and that HDAC inhibitors ex-


A test is derived for comparing the associations in two independent fourfold tables. The test is based on the odd ratio as a measure of association but may likewise be applied for testing the difference between two phi coefficients. For small samples an exact test version is given with tables for reading critical phi differences. For large samples an asymptotic version is reported, requiring, however, the solution of a cubic equation. A typical bivariate application is illustrated, using a numerical example from psycho-pharmacology, and univariate applications are also discussed.


PURPOSE: The purpose of this quality improvement initiative was to determine the impact of a nurse-administered foot care intervention bundle (NA-FCIB) upon self-management knowledge, skills, and outcomes in patients with diabetic foot ulcerations. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: The sample comprised 39 patients being treated for diabetic foot ulceration at a wound care clinic in a tertiary care hospital in Arlington, Virginia. The project was conducted from August 2017 to February 2018. APPROACH: This quality improvement project used the Johns Hopkins Plan-Do-Study-Act Method supplemented by self-regulation theory for diabetic patient education and evidence in clinical literature. The 12-week-long intervention included one-on-one teaching in the prevention of ulcerations and optimal care of the diabetic foot, blood glucose level tracking logs, patient "teach-back" and skills demonstration, and free foot care tools. OUTCOMES: From baseline to post-NA-FCIB, the number of participants knowing the reasons for temperature foot protection increased by 92%, those knowing major factors leading to diabetic foot ulceration by 85%, those knowing what to look for in the foot self-exam by 85%, and those able to demonstrate correct foot self-exam by 84%. The number of participants understanding proper footwear increased by 74%, and those identifying ways to avoid/decrease the likelihood of diabetic foot ulcers by 72%. Mean serum hemoglobin A1c (HgbA1c) levels decreased from baseline to postintervention (8.27%; SD 2.05% vs 7.46%; SD 1.58%; P = .002). IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: The NA-FCIB intervention was successfully incorporated into routine clinic care as the standard of care. Our experience suggests that the NA-FCIB may be feasible and effective for use at comparable wound care clinics and may have secondary benefits for HgbA1c regulation. Video Abstract Video 1 Enhancing Self-Management Skills of Patients With Existing Diabetic Foot Ulcerations Video 1. Improving the Self-Management of Diabetic Foot Ulcerations. 1_czuy0sf5 Kaltura


Supplemental digital content is available in the text. Objectives The aims of this study were to evaluate the association of preoperative pelvic pain with operative characteristics and the association of patient and operative characteristics with postoperative pain. Methods This is a retrospective cohort study utilizing Clinformatics DataMart, a large national commercial insurance database. We collected data for patients older than 18 years who underwent apical prolapse surgery between January 2005 and December 2014. We stratified data by preoperative (prior) pain and analyzed for associations of prior and postoperative pain. Logistic regression analysis was performed using SAS software. Results A total of 14,440 patients met inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Patients with prior pain were more likely to have an abdominal (open or laparoscopic) approach, a concomitant hysterectomy, but less likely to have additional repairs or a mesh insertion (P < 0.001). Postoperative pain was less with a concomitant hysterectomy, whether they had prior pain (odds ratio [OR], 0.56; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.41–0.77) or not (OR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.56–0.82). Additional vaginal repairs were associated with more postoperative pain for those without prior pain (OR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.3–2.04). Age older than 45 years was associated with less pain. Length of hospital stay of more than 2 days was associated with more pain. Conclusions Patients with prior pain were more likely to undergo an abdominal approach and have a concomitant hysterectomy. Postoperative pain was less with a concomitant hysterectomy, but more with additional vaginal repairs. There is a need to include pain as an outcome in future studies, particularly clinical trials.


The present invention provides a scheduling method, apparatus, program and recording medium. Receiving an event notification message including the event information and event generation time set through the interface and, on the basis of the event information and the event time to generate a constant bimang. The present invention provides a configuration interface for receiving an event notification message that is pushed by the third party application, and generates a bimang constant on the basis of the art event notification message. By doing so, the user is equipped at the same time bimang functions on behalf of the addition of several hidden locations in the calendar the first time management that enables organizations castle.


Ejaculated rabbit spermatozoa washed with buffer prior to decondensation by Triton X-100 and dithiothreitol were good templates for DNA synthesis by Escherichia coli DNA polymerase. This result agrees with the observations of Zirkin and Chang [1977], and implies that the sperm DNA is nicked. Template activity, however, was reduced if spermatozoa were extensively washed before decondensation, and if DNase inhibitors EDTA or Na2SO4 were present during decondensation. Template activity was also low if decondensation was induced with DNase inhibitors thioglycollic acid, Na2SO3 or sodium dodecylsulphate and dithiothreitol instead of with Triton X-100 and dithiothreitol. Calf thymus DNA was completely degraded when incubated with rabbit seminal plasma or buffer-washed spermatozoa, but much less degradation was observed if EDTA, Na2SO4, thioglycollic acid, Na2SO3 or sodium dodecylsulphate were also present, or if spermatozoa were extensively washed with buffer. Centrifugation of spermatozoa through 2.05 M sucrose completely removed contaminating DNase, and such spermatozoa were inactive as DNA templates after decondensation. The DNA template activity of swollen rabbit sperm nuclei thus parallels the activity of a contaminating seminal plasma DNase. This suggest that the nicks in sperm DNA enabling it to act as a template for DNA synthesis were generated by the DNase during decondensation and thus are not a natural structural feature of the DNA. The presence of breaks in the DNA of decondensed buffer-washed spermatozoa (DNase contaminated) was confirmed by their incorporation of phosphate from [γ−32 P] ATP in the presence of the enzyme polynucleotide kinase. These spermatozoa were found to contain as few as two breaks/mole of DNA, but sucrose-washed spermatozoa (DNase free) were free of breaks. The possible use of this enzymic procedure for the assessment of sperm genome damage and the evaluation of the quality of a sperm population are discussed.


Internet continues to suffer from limited bandwidth, highly varying delay, and losses. In literature, several studies suggested that an application can increase its aggregate throughput, and reduce its end-to-end delay and losses, by distributing data over multiple paths. In this work, a novel routing algorithm based on prediction method and optimization theory is proposed for improving the quality of service over the multipath network. The paper describes how the algorithm dynamically predicts loss levels over all available network paths and adjusts the traffic allocation proportion of packets for next prediction period by the PSOSA. A number of experiments are performed. The proposed algorithm makes the most promising data forwarding method with an effective network performance, even under unfavorable scenarios.


A system pattern-based speech recognition, e.g., a hidden Markov model (HMM) based speech recognizer using Viterbi scoring. The principle of minimum recognition error rate is applied by the present invention using discriminative training. Various issues related to the special structure of HMMs are presented. Parameter update expressions for HMMs are provided.


Summary: This paper details the first complete, DOE approved, deployed and operational radiometry for robotic nondestructive assay (NDA) of holdup deposits in gaseous diffusion piping. Some features, like peak-finding, Compton correction, detector efficiency, and material properties are characteristic of typical manual methods. Most features are specific to in-pipe robotic deployment. These include in-motion radiometry, self-determined location, geometric modeling of thick deposits, bounding of self-attenuation thickness and auto-checking of replicate measurements. Significant are the means for determining all the properties, equations, and constants for automatically computing and displaying all the quantities, uncertainties and information needed for NDA reporting, analysis, and review. Earlier work by this team demonstrated rudimentary but convincing robotic in-pipe NDA of holdup deposits in pipes. Cold testing with high-enrichment mat sources and hot tests with low U-235 loadings together succeeded to exhibit convincing proof-of-principle. This research-grade radiometry implementation lacked accurate odometry, efficiency calibration, high-fidelity detector modeling, attenuation modeling, forward geometric modeling, auto-segmenting, uncertainty modeling, replicate checking, deconvolution and much more. This work explains the technical basis behind robotic in-pipe NDA. It includes discussion of a new method for modeling of self-attenuation using in-pipe deposit geometry information, detail of the method's total measurement uncertainty, and explanation of calibration methods and results. Beyond development of automation-specific radiometric elements, the paper highlights analyses, testing, and technical bases specific to and supportive of the methodology. Examples include collimation characterization, detector efficiency determination, auto-calibration methodology, and odometric replicate-checking. Results of this methodology are formalized in a DOE EM Technical Basis Document, implemented in software, formally verified in review and acceptance testing and proceduralized as a means for D&D NDA at the Portsmouth enrichment facility. Application/benefit to others: Measurement of U-235 quantity is a well-known cost and schedule driver in D&D of every defunct gaseous diffusion enrichment facility in the world. The radiometry methodologies and results detailed in this paper were the high hurdles. Having established the technical basis for this automated NDA, the opportunity is to apply this to many sizes and robot forms for addressing holdup deposit NDA throughout the D&D community. INTRODUCTION A significant challenge in achieving "criticality incredible (CI)" status for D&D of gaseous diffusion facilities is characterization of every pipe and component to ensure that the amount of U-235 in holdup deposits is below the CI threshold. Any piping that exceeds the criterion incurs costly removal, handling, and management before disposal. Pipes below the criterion are candidates for economical demolishing in place without severing, lowering, handling, or cleaning. The current method of assay involves manually positioning radiation detectors on pipe exteriors for miles of pipe [1]. This requires extended work at elevation and removal of enclosure panels and other obstructions. What follows is lengthy transcription, analysis, reporting, and archiving, which are largely WM2019 Conference, March 3 – 7, 2019, Phoenix, Arizona, USA manual and often lengthy processes. These manually-deployed assays and their analysis/reporting processes are significant and well-known cost drivers and schedule bottlenecks within DOE D&D. Chartered by DOE at the Portsmouth Gas Diffusion Plant in 2017, the Pipe Crawling Activity Measurement System (PCAMS) is an in-pipe robotic and auto-analysis package for automatic NDA of defunct gas diffusion piping. Deployment of the system has demonstrated faster, more certain NDA results while minimizing risk to personnel and need for human intervention. Deployed in research form in late 2017 [2,3], PCAMS is now a production prototype delivery successfully hot tested in July 2018 and slated to begin operations in January 2019. Initial deployment of 30and 42-inch pipe inspection is projected to cover 50,000 feet of piping and with huge positive beneficial cost and schedule impacts in two process buildings at the Portsmouth site alone. Advancements in method, analysis, and robotic technology, proceduralization and operations are currently being applied to development of smaller-size pipe inspection (3and 10inch) for other potential facilities including the sister diffusion plant in Paducah, Kentucky. The enabling advantage of the PCAMS method is traversal along and direct observation of contaminated pipe wall interiors (Fig. 1). Interior inspection allows the "RadPiper" robot to travel unobstructed while carrying a novel disc-collimated detector which exploits the axisymmetry of piping to speed assay and simplify calibration, analysis, and qualification of method. This automation is in contrast to manual methods' need to deploy personnel in full PPE at elevation to remove miles of protective paneling and directly access the exterior of each foot of process piping over which to dwell detectors. These methods require extensive plant disassembly and dwell time, up to fifteen minutes per five feet of pipe. RadPiper instead automatically traverses piping at 10 feet (for 30-inch pipe) or 6 feet (for 42-inch) per minute and autonomously reaches its safe endpoint before reversing to its origin, collecting replicate data on reverse. Fig. 1. (Left) PCAMS RadPiper traversing a cutaway pipe and (right) deploying into a process pipe. Fifty thousand feet of the pipe immediately assayable by PCAMS at DOE Portsmouth is contained within two large process buildings, the challenge of which is two-fold. First, the initial set of pipes to inspect are large diameter: 30and 42-inch. These large diameters mean that even small percentages of pipe wall can include large amounts of holdup deposit. Second, this section of the cascade handled low-enriched uranium, meaning that deposits of the same U-235 content are much thicker and much more highly selfattenuated than at higher enrichments. The initial RadPiper robot and PCAMS method are designed to handle these particular challenges, with extensive self-attenuation modeling and geometric inspection of pipe surfaces. Compliance with DOE EM standards [4,5] is discussed further in [6]. WM2019 Conference, March 3 – 7, 2019, Phoenix, Arizona, USA The full PCAMS radiometric method is summarized in Eq. 1, which reports mass of U-235 per length of pipe. Reading left to right, the 186 keV count rate term is conservatively adjusted based on the characteristic smoothing of disc-collimated detector assay . The self-attenuation factor further adjusts this result based on PCAMS novel calculation method, which takes advantage of direct geometric profiling of deposit thickness. The 186 keV activity of U-235 combines with the calibration efficiency to determine a characteristic count rate per gram-per-foot conversion factor. The final term conservatively adjusts the reporting from a per-field-of-view to per-foot basis for NDA and CI determination .


This report provides the Texas Department of Transportation with geometric guidance for the design of managed lane facilities. The report draws from the experiences of leading states in the development of managed lanes throughout the country. The report highlights the design and operation of managed lanes, and it includes additional information on planning, marketing, implementing, and enforcing managed lane facilities. It illustrates the critical design elements of managed lane facilities including geometric design criteria; the link between operations, design, and enforcement; and ingress/egress treatments. This report is intended to be used as both an introduction to the managed lane concept and to provide design guidance. Throughout the report, schematics and photographs are included to illustrate the elements discussed in the text. These photographs include experiences and examples from across the country as well as in Texas.


Obsjective To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of OUR Rotating Gamma System radiosurgery for cerebral arteriovenous malformations. Methods 132 with cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) were treated using a new radiosurgical system, Rotating Gamma System, between November 1996 and May 2000. The average size of AVMs was 23 mm in diameter (range 6 to 69 mm). The mean dose delivered to the AVM margin was 19.2 Gy(range 13 to 25 Gy), and that delivered to the center of the AVMs was 37.6 Gy (range 32.5 to 50 Gy). Results 106 patients were followed up for an average 18.4 months (range 5 to 44 months). 5 patients (4.7%) experienced rebleeding which took place between 5 and 13 months after treatment, but none of them died from hemorrhage. No bleeding took place after complete angiographic obliteration. Neuroimaging studies showed radiationinduced edema in 19 patients (22%) out of the 87 patients. None of them had severe permanent neurological deficits. Of the 68 patients followed up more than one year, 57 patients underwent angiography at 1 year after treatment. The complete obliteration was demonstrated in 24 patients (42%) at 1 year. There was a statistically significant ( P 0.001)correlation between 1 year angiographic obliteration rate and AVM size. Of the 27 patients followed more than 2 years, 23 patients underwent angiography at 2 year after treatment. The complete obliteration was demonstrated in 18 patients (78%). There was no significant correlation between obliteration rate and AVM size at 2 years ( P 0 05).These results can be compared to results of treatment with other radiosurgical system. Conclusion OUR Rotating Gamma System is a new effective and reliable stereotactic radiosurgical equipment for cerebral arteriovenous malformation.\;


I read the recent article by Baniasadi et al. [1] with a special interest. The article has important outcomes related to a potential protective role of N-acetyl cystein (NAC) against hepatotoxicity of antituberculosis (anti-TB) drugs. But, there are some issues that need to be clarified. First issue of my concern is the treatment durations and results of antiTB therapy. First 2–3 weeks is not enough to say that transaminases will not increase. Second issue is the study design. I think that the patients with elevated transaminases should have taken NAC to observe any protective effect, instead of gradual use of anti-TB drugs. Although the authors stated that acetylator status distribution in Iranians showed a considerable prevalence of slow acetylators over rapid acetylators, in group 2 there is no transaminase elevation. How could the authors eliminate the open-label-study effect on the second group? I think the optimal strategy for prevention of severe hepatotoxicity is still obscure and, as we all know, baseline and monthly clinical and biochemical monitoring is the only way in patients, who require isoniazid (INH) therapy because early detection of INH hepatitis and discontinuation of INH, to prevent severe sequelae. In contrast, NAC may take place in anti-TB treatment regimes because of immunological effects, as NAC was shown to tailor macrophages to induce enhanced Th1 response that may be helpful to control tuberculosis [2].


Automated tutoring systems offer the flexibility and scalability necessary to facilitate the provision of high-quality and universally accessible programming education. To realise the potential of these systems, recent work has proposed a diverse range of techniques for automatically generating feedback in the form of hints to assist students with programming exercises. This article integrates these apparently disparate approaches into a coherent whole. Specifically, it emphasises that all hint techniques can be understood as a series of simpler components with similar properties. Using this insight, it presents a simple framework for describing such techniques, the Hint Iteration by Narrow-down and Transformation Steps framework, and surveys recent work in the context of this framework. Findings from this survey include that (1) hint techniques share similar properties, which can be used to visualise them together, (2) the individual steps of hint techniques should be considered when designing and evaluating hint systems, (3) more work is required to develop and improve evaluation methods, and (4) interesting relationships, such as the link between automated hints and data-driven evaluation, should be further investigated. Ultimately, this article aims to facilitate the development, extension, and comparison of automated programming hint techniques to maximise their educational potential.


"Over-generalization" tendency in the study of Chinese rural tourism hinders the study of community tourism.The community's poor participation in tourism studies does not result in good fruits concerning the community's autonomy in tourism development and weakens the classification guidance in practice.So it is urgently necessary to systematically review the traditional research paradigms of rural tourism and community participation and to construct a practical logic and some academic methods for community's response to the development of rural tourism,both relatively autonomous and structurally homological.Based on the frame of Pierre Bourdieu's field analysis and according to the capital(power) and the composition of its occupants and community's practice,this paper summarizes the practical methods of community's response to rural tourism development and classifies it into two layers,three categories and seven types.It finally brings up such administrative approaches as the establishment of the quasi-stock cooperative system,the compensation mechanism for community resources,tourism dividends and guarantee for management right.


Objective To survey the pathogen in nongonoccal urethritis patients and drug resistance of ureaplasma urealyticum and mycoplasma honinis.Methods Chlamydia trachomatis antigen was detected with immunochromatogrphy while ureaplsma urealyticum and mycoplasma honinis were detected with culture and data were treated with computer.Results 11 cases of chlamydia trachomatis were detected in 144 patients(7.64%),while 65 cases of ureaplasma urealyticum and 19 cases of mycoplasma honinis were detected in 144 patients(45.14%);Ureaplasma urealyticus showed low drug resistance to minocycline and doxycycline,high drug resistance to ofloxacin and sparfloxacin;Mycoplasma honinis showed low drug resistance to doxycycline and minocycline,high drug resistance to azithromycin ofloxacin clarithromycin and roxithromycin;55.93% ureaplasma urealyticum and 89.47% of mycoplama honinis showed multi-resistance.Conclusion NGU patients are mainly infected by ureaplasma urealyticum.Drug sensitivity test is of great value.Multi-resistance should be paid more attentionto.


The dihedral angle distribution is a useful parameter in the quantification of polycrystalline microstructures. However, this microstructural parameter has not received much attention because the methodologies associated with the accurate measurements of dihedral angles are generally tedious and time consuming. In this paper an automated methodology, based on image processing and analysis, is developed to evaluate dihedral angles in microstructures in a two-dimensional plane section of polycrystals. It is shown that the technique is extremely fast and accurate and therefore can be applied to obtain a significantly large statistical sample of dihedral angles. The application of this method is demonstrated by evaluating triple junction geometry of polycrystalline 316L austenitic stainless steel.


ABSTRACT Can all types of businesses afford to innovate? Do they need to? How does the process of innovation happen? What are the necessary characteristics to innovate? Do the industry sector and the technological level influence innovation? To answer these questions, one must consider innovation not as the simple creation of something new, but rather as an initiative to change in order to fill some market and knowledge gaps, and, therefore, to present results to companies. It is known that all companies have a technological base (a product and its process) as the object of its businesses (knowledge, internal management, and external transactions). And, therefore, companies will always consist of four basic functions, in a greater or lesser degree - development, operations, management and marketing. Innovation, therefore, emerges from one of these functions and, for each function, there is a correspondent innovation capability. Thus, the objective of this article is to identify the innovation capabilities of manufacturing Brazilian companies, and, with this, to present their innovation trajectories. To achieve the proposed objective, we used a database of a research project sample of 1326 manufacturing companies from Rio Grande do Sul. The project was developed in three phases: 1. development of a theoretical model of the firm's innovation capability; 2. exploratory phase and; 3. data collection (survey) within companies of different manufacturing sectors in Rio Grande do Sul. Considering the sample main characteristics, we present a typical Brazilian


The motion of the ensemble of arbitrary shaped nanoparticles was investigated. A synergistic system of four differential equations, which allows to represent the transition between different modes of particles motion in a self-consistent way, was constructed. Within the framework of the generating potential method the influence of the internal force and the torque stochastic sources was studied. The conditions, under which different modes of nanoparticles ensemble motion are realized, were found.


It has been reported that not only collagen but also elastin contribute to inhibit skin wrinkle formation. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation induces photo-aging on human skin. Because UV radiation increases elastase activity, it is thought that increased elastase activity could be the major reason for skin elasticity reduction and wrinkle formation by UV. In the present study to standardize elastase activity measuring system, purified elastases from porcine pancrease and human neutrophil, and cell extracts of normal human primary fibroblasts, 3T3 mouse fibroblasts, and CCD-25Sk human fibroblasts were used as various enzyme sources. Furthermore, elastase activities were compared according to concentrations of enzyme and substrate and incubation time. Phosphoramidon was used as a positive control to inhibit elastase activities of normal human primary fibroblasts and CCD-25Sk fibroblasts. However, it had no influence on the activity of porcine pancreatic elastase. Therefore, it is suggested that elastase used for testing anti-wrinkle agents should be selected carefully.


Two broad categories of dynamic events are introduced: motionlike events and rhythmic events. Of special interest are rhythmic events, the temporal relationships which characterize them and the way people respond to them. The idea of reciprocity as it applies to complementary temporal relationships in events (the perceived) and to a rhythmically sensitive attender (the perceiver) is discussed. It is argued that environmental events in which temporal relationships form simply nested binary time hierarchies (or ones based on smallinteger time ratios) manifest rhythmic properties which allow attenders/perceivers ready attentional entrainment. Findings from an illustrative experiment which considers the way people selectively attend to different kinds of visual event sequences support this argument.


Systemic inflammation has been identified as a major cardiovascular risk factor in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), yet currently, it is not adequately portrayed in scores for pre‐interventional risk assessment. The aim of this study was to investigate the predictive ability of TNF‐α in TAVR.


A detailed investigation of the interaction of sodium carbonate with limestones during calcination and sulfation has been performed. Laboratory results show that the presence of the salt induces structural rearrangements in the stones. The interaction of salt and stone produces a weakly volatile liquid that increases the ionic diffusion and mobility of the system, enhancing decarbonation, enhancing recrystallization of CaO and CaSO/sub 4/, and providing a fluid medium favorable to reaction with SO/sub 2//O/sub 2/ mixtures. Verification of the effect of Na/sub 2/CO/sub 3/ additive in a larger-scale process development unit is also reported. Sodium carbonate, when used as a mineralizing additive in fluidized-bed coal combustion, promotes the capture of sulfur dioxide by limestone. Sulfation of 50% of the CaO in the material to CaSO/sub 4/ can be achieved, which is a significant improvement over the average 30% sulfation of limestones under these conditions with additive absent. Sodium carbonate has a dramatic effect on the pore distribution of the calcined material, even at low concentrations. However, impurities in the natural stones reduce the effectiveness of the salt additive (1) by compound formation with the salt, and (2) by physical interference with recrystallization and pore growth. Liquid salt is present duringmore » sulfation, ensuring rapid sulfation of the CaO by promoting pore growth and increased gaseous diffusion, as well as providing a liquid medium for the reaction of dissolved gases and solids.« less


We present a probabilistic model for evaluating the size of relations derived from given relations through relational algebra operators. We define tools to estimate the derived relations size and we state the assumptions underwhich we perform such an evaluation.The particular class of data base schemata in which we evaluate the derived relation size is characterized by properties such as independence between two relations having union-compatible domains or independence between distinct tuples in a relation. We show that, knowing the expected size of all projections of each relation in the database, we can compute the size of each query expressed in relational algebra and we give the results for each operator of this language (selection, projection, union, intersection, e-join).


An experimental study is presented of a novel dynamic calibration methodology applied to the air-path of a Jaguar Land Rover turbocharged diesel engine. The calibration is obtained in a one-shot process solely from data obtained from dynamic dynamometer testing, without any in-vehicle tuning. Although limited here to control of only boost pressure and exhaust gas recirculation rate with constraints on NOx and particle emissions, the methodology has the potential for a complete engine calibration including emission constrained optimisation of fuel consumption. The approach combines state space neural network (SSNN) modelling and optimisation to determine a feedforward Hammerstein-Wiener control map from the synthesised optimal control behaviour. The controller performance was verified by vehicle testing at the Jaguar Land Rover Test Track, Gaydon, UK. The outcome demonstrates a method for systematically obtaining dynamic control calibrations for good driveability and reduced emissions from limited dynamometer testing time without the need for manual tuning.


ABSTRACT Historically, the Swedish school system has been designed to level out differences between pupils. There has also been scepticism about assessing pupils. However, new school reforms in Sweden centre on performance and tests. This article focuses on pupils (year 6) in Swedish elite schools and their perceptions of assessment. The pupils are in an environment radiating exclusiveness and achievement through tradition, the physical environment and social contexts. The study is based on qualitative interviews in which the pupils were asked about their vision of the future and the importance of good school results. The pupils recount extensive preparation for the tests, which technically have no bearing, something which testifies to the importance attached to high grades even though they play no role in the pupils' future careers. But the pupils translate the 'artefacts' tests and grades into a resource supporting their long-term performance and future access to attractive degree programmes.


Characterization of bimetallic Cu-Ag and Cu-Au catalytic systems supported on CrAl 3 O 6 was carried out by TOF-SIMS, XRD and SEM-EDS techniques. The evidence of alloying of copper and second metal was observed during catalyst reduction as well as methanol synthesis reaction. The promoting effect of noble metal catalysts on copper catalyst was noticed. Modification by gold or silver improves activity up to ten times.


The present work intends to elucidate the legal nature and effects of the seller's representation regarding the absence of encumbrances over the sold good. To this end, the paper starts with an analysis of the nature and function of representations and warranties as an institution of contract law, and continues with a specific study of the seller's representation regarding the absence of encumbrances over the sold good. In such context, it was required to study the potential relationship of the above-mentioned declaration with the obligations that the contract of sale naturally imposes on the seller, and to review the existing national case law on the subject. Finally, reflections to harmonize the seller's representations about the absence of encumbrances with our legal system are proposed.


Based on Systematic Functional Grammar and Hyland's pragmatic classification of "we", with the help of AntConc and Log-likelihood and Chi-square Calculator 1.0, the present study combines qualitative and quantitative research designs to compare and analyze the similarities and differences of different pragmatic functions of "we" in Linguistic and Economic academic discourse. The result shows that there are significant differences in the use of "we" between the academic discourse of the two disciplines (P < 0.001). In addition to the most frequently used pragmatic function of "we," the other four functions are more frequently used in the academic discourse of Linguistics. The study suggests that this result may be affected by the stylistic characteristics of the discipline, and hopes to provide some enlightenment for the understanding and writing of academic discourse in Linguistics and Economics.


Objective To explore the risk factors of surgical site infections of general surgery and its prevention in county-level hospital,hoping to reduce the hospital infection rate.Method The clinical data of 1023 patients with general surgical diseases from January 2007 to January 2011 were collected and the factors influencing the surgical site infection among these patients were evaluated.Results The occurrence rate of surgical site infection of the general surgeries was 4.01%(41/1023).The comparative study indicated that the risk factors were linked to the type of surgery,type of incision,age,hospital stays and history of diabetes.Conclusion Take effective prophylaxis strategy against the risk factors can reduce the incidence of surgical site infections and improve the treatment of general surgery patients.


Clean air conditioning system and common air conditioning system have lots of difference,the text presents the design of clean air conditioning system of clean room in detail,analyses and discusses the problems that should be noticed in design,construction and maintenance of clean air conditioning system


The last academic year has been filled with discussions of inequality, overuse, and a chance to reflect on our own biases within medicine. As a field, we took a momentous step forward with the first set of physicians qualifying and sitting for the Pediatric Hospital Medicine (PHM) Subspecialty Boards. This event, however, was embroiled with concerns around gender disparities and inequity, sparking petitions signed by thousands of physicians, and calls for accountability and transparency within our systems. Fast forward 4 months and the world was turned upside down in the face of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. Pediatric hospitalists in locations like New York City converted pediatric units to adult units, precepted internal medicine residents, and within a period of weeks organized the Pediatric Overflow Planning Contingency Response Network. Finally, police violence, killings, and protests have brought systemic racism to the forefront as a public health crisis. We care for children regardless of their cultural backgrounds, gender orientation, and socioeconomic status (SES); as such, we as a community have the chance to play a critical role in instigating change for addressing and uprooting systemic racism.

In this context, we have reviewed with a critical lens articles published from July 2019 through June 2020 to winnow down the expanse of literature over this past 12 months into the Top Articles for PHM (an annual presentation at the PHM conference). In undertaking this endeavor, we reviewed 11 925 articles from 19 journals (Table 1). We conducted this review in 3 steps, detailed in Fig 1. In the first step, we reviewed article titles and eliminated articles on the basis of a series of questions to broadly …


Doing national program so called School Literacy Movement (GLS), classes are expected to do 15-minute regular reading activity every day; including English classes in elementary schools. Witnessing that some classes are having limited English story books to read as well as ready-to-use follow-up activities, this article proposes reading activities using e-book application Let's Read! that can be applied after the regular reading activities. Ranging from the low leveled-books to the advanced ones, the proposed activities in this extensive reading class are integrated; combining tasks that require children to experience Mobile Assisted Language Learning (MALL) as well as having both individual and group offline work. This type of reading activity promotes L2 learner language development, increases their motivation in reading, and helps them build reading habits. At the same time, the alpha generation maximizes the use of technology to get themselves updated with the changing use of online applications such as Let's Read!


Chaos Game is a form of game drawing a point on a field with certain rules that are repeated iteratively. In general, the new point in the game chaos is the midpoint of the starting point and reference point. The new point is the result of the dilatation with the center of the reference point with a half dilatation factor. The resulting points will form a pattern by paying attention to the nature of self-similarity. This paper will examine the modification of the game chaos rules in generating new points by varying the r compression ratio applied to triangles and rectangles. The compression ratio will be divided into four different intervals. The results of this study indicate that variations in the compression ratio for r = −1, 1orr → +®or 0 < r < 1or −1 < r < 0 do not produce a fractal object, while r > 1or r < −1 will produce a fractal object.


Purpose
The purpose of this study is to generate insight into the effects of entrepreneurship education in China by conducting a preliminary scoping study of the enterprising tendency of university students studying business.

Design/methodology/approach
This study used a self-administered questionnaire based on the General Measure of Enterprising Tendency v2 (GET2) test to measure the enterprising tendency of a group of Chinese university students. Decision trees, using the Chi-square automatic interaction detector (CHAID) approach, and multiple regression analyses were used to investigate the enterprising tendency of respondents.

Findings
The findings from this study indicate that the students have an overall medium level of enterprising tendency and strengths in some enterprising characteristics. The findings reveal that gender, family business, hometown and entrepreneurship education are significantly related to enterprising tendency but that age, household income, parents' education and occupation are not.

Research limitations/implications
Although the study is based on a relatively small sample taken from just one university in Beijing, the findings suggest that the enterprising tendency of students can be encouraged by entrepreneurship education. Combined with evidence that entrepreneurship education is at a relatively early stage of development in China, this finding suggests considerable scope to increase student's enterprising tendency by extending, creating a more favourable environment for and improving the methods used to deliver entrepreneurship education. Enterprising tendency can be argued to naturally result in entrepreneurial intention; however, this extension is beyond the scope of this study, which is restricted to the analysis of enterprising tendency.

Originality/value
This study makes an original contribution to knowledge as it is one of the first studies to explore enterprising tendency among university students in China. It has value for government, policymakers and university program designers in that it provides direction for entrepreneurship education in China.


A method of manufacturing a multilayer circuit board includes forming a prepreg on a surface of a first circuit board including a first region in which a plated-through hole is formed and a second region in which a solid pattern is formed, the prepreg having a first hole reaching the plated-through hole and a second hole reaching the solid pattern, filling the first hole with a conductive paste, and pressing a second circuit board on the prepreg to laminate the first circuit board and the second circuit board to each other after filling the first hole with the conductive paste.


PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to use Twitter data to mine personality traits of basketball players to predict their performance in the National Basketball Association (NBA).Design/methodology/approachAutomated personality mining and robotic process automation were used to gather data (player statistics and big five personality traits) of n = 185 professional basketball players. Correlation analysis and multiple linear regressions were computed to predict the performance of their NBA careers based on previous college performance and personality traits.FindingsAutomated personality mining of Tweets can be used to gather additional information about basketball players. Extraversion, agreeableness and conscientiousness correlate with basketball performance and can be used, in combination with previous game statistics, to predict future performance.Originality/valueThe study presents a novel approach to use automated personality mining of Twitter data as a predictor for future basketball performance. The contribution advances the understanding of the importance of personality for sports performance and the use of cognitive systems (automated personality mining) and the social media data for predictions. Scouts can use our findings to enhance their recruiting criteria in a multi-million dollar business, such as the NBA.


The shift from infant adoption to adoption of older, special needs and mixed race children, previously considered unadoptable, has lead to a focus on the specific difficulties faced by these adoptive families, together with studies which have investigated the factors contributing to the increased rates of adoption disruption which is a feature of such placements (Rosenthal, Schmidt and Connor, 1988; Barth, 1988; Berry and Barth, 1990). In an early article on the dynamics of disruption, Donley (1978, p 34) suggested that disruption usually followed a predictable pattern and occurred because of one or more of three circumstances: the existence of unidentified factors such as critical information which is not recognised by the family or social worker, the misassessment of the capacity or readiness of the family or child to make an adoptive attachment, and the emergence of unpredictable circumstances which preclude the normal progress of the adoption. While this formulation was based on local same-race adoptions it can easily be generalised to intercountry adoption where all three events are heightened and, in the adoption of older children, compounded by absence of information, experiential differences, inappropriate expectations and communication difficulties. That disruption occurs is a fact, and much has been written on its impact on families and children, but how do children adopted from overseas


Nonparametric and semiparametric regression models are useful statistical regression models to discover nonlinear relationships between the response variable and predictor variables. However, optimal efficient estimates for the nonparametric components in the models are biased which hinders the development of methods for further statistical inference. In this paper, based on the local linear fitting, we propose a simple bias reduction approach for the estimation of the nonparametric regression model. The new approach does not need to use higher-order local polynomial regression to estimate the bias, and hence avoids the double bandwidth selection and the design sparsity problems suffered by higher-order local polynomial fitting. It also does not inflate the variance. Hence it can be easily applied to complex statistical inference problems. We extend our new approach Statistica Sinica: Newly accepted Paper (accepted version subject to English editing)


This paper focused on the prediction of pumping performance in DC pump flow. To reach it, an analytic model based on the steady state, incompressible and fully developed laminar flow theory will be provided to analyze the flow characteristic with different scalar dimensions. An analytic circuit model is deduced of an analytical field model and compared to results obtained through 2D FEM simulations.


Behavior study of substances is often performed by different methods to provide a lot of information about these substances. The present study describes behavior of cefixime trihydrate (CEF-3H2O) which was carried out by pH buffer solutions and different polarity solvents. Solutions with different pH were showed different UV absorption spectra for each pH, revealed a red shifted as compared with UV absorption spectra of drug in less pH (2) as reference. Different polarity solvents of water, methanol and ethanol were used and appeared different UV absorption spectra that showed a bathochromic shift behavior considering UV absorption spectra of water as reference, all spectra intersects at certain  289 nm (isosbestic point). Hypsochromic shift (blue shift) of cefixime trihydrate occur with solvents of HCl and NaOH and showed isosbestic point at 254 nm.


ABSTRACT As a replication in the Chinese context of previous aptitude testing validation studies, this research aims at exploring the validity of an interpreting aptitude test battery, composed of the Logical Memory Test (LMT), the Scale of Language Anxiety (SLA) and the Achievement Motivation Test (AMT), in the prediction of consecutive interpreting performance of Chinese interpreting trainees. A quasi-experimental and correlational research design was adopted. The aptitude test battery was administered at the beginning of the first semester for 48 post-graduate interpreting trainees, and English-Chinese (E-C) and Chinese-English (C-E) consecutive interpreting (CI) tests, used to measure the interpreting proficiency of the subjects, were conducted at the end of the semester. Scores from the aptitude tests and consecutive interpreting tests were subjected to parametric correlation analysis as well as multiple linear regression analysis. The results indicated that a) the LMT scores enjoyed a statistically significant positive correlation with C-E CI; b) the SLA scores had a statistically significant negative correlation with both E-C and C-E CI; c) there was no statistically significant correlation between the AMT scores and CI in either direction. Implications of the findings are discussed in relation to interpreting candidate screening and admission testing.


The cyanomanganese carbonyls trans-[Mn(CN)(CO)(dppm)2], and cis- and trans-[Mn(CN)(CO)2{P(OR)3}(dppm)] (R = Ph or Et, dppm = Ph2PCH2PPh2) react with TlPF6 to give [(thf)2Tl(µ-NC)Mn(CO)(dppm)2][PF6] 1, [{Tl(µ-NC)MnLx}2][PF6]2 [Lx = cis-(CO)2{P(OR)3}(dppm), R = Ph 2 or Et 3] and [Tl{(µ-NC)MnLx}2][PF6] [Lx = trans-(CO)2{P(OR)3}(dppm), R = Ph 4 or Et 5] respectively. Complexes 1 and 3 have been structurally characterised by single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods; the former is pyramidal at thallium while the latter provides a rare example of a µ3-κC∶κN∶κN cyanide ligand N-bonded to two thallium atoms and C-bonded to manganese.


This paper presents Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) brain tumor detection utilizing Fuzzy C Means strategy with an upgraded noise filtering calculation. A novel technique is proposed to enhance the execution of cerebrum tumor discovery. A new calculation for noise filtering is adapted to extract the correct area of tumor, where execution is enhanced by upgrading the threshold task in wavelet filtering strategy as a preprocessing step. Trial results demonstrate that by utilizing proposed calculation, the filtering procedure gives better execution when contrasted with the current methods. The average value of Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Structural Similarity Index Measure (SSIM) for Gaussian noise is improved by 40% and 41.06% and for Rician noise, which is 13.73% and 25.39% higher than the state-of-art methods. After filtering, segmentation is done to point out the tumor region. For segmentation, Otsu and FCM methods are adapted here and a comparison is made between these two methods. Experimental results show that Jaccard and Dice coefficient of Fuzzy C Means (FCM) with enhanced filtering is increased by 3.6% and 1.3% compared to the methods available in the literature.


The revolutionary journee of August 10, 1792, which toppled the French monarchy, also marked the end of the royalist newspapers that had defended the king's cause against the rising tide of republicanism. Leading royalist journalists who had not previously fled the country were either killed or arrested, and the victorious revolutionaries banned all further royalist propaganda.' Neither the imprisonment and subsequent execution of the king nor the repressive measures against journalists, however, prevented the reappearance of a royalist press shortly after the September massacres, and some of the papers founded in this period survived well into 1794. Previous historians of the revolutionary press have taken this very survival as proof of these publications' insignificance. Alma Soderhjelm, whose Le Re'gime de la presse pendant la Revolution fran aise remains fundamental for this subject, claimed that these journals "took no part in the fight, the way the aristocratic papers had before August 10, they were neither frank nor outspoken like those papers, they stayed on the sidelines, trying to mask and disguise their opinions as much as possible, and avoid attracting attention."2 Indeed, some formerly monarchist publications did restrict themselves to a monotonous diet of officially approved news until thermidor allowed them to show their true colors again. But there were


The k dependence of the conduction-electron--rare-earth-moment exchange interaction is directly measured for the first time and found to be opposite in sense for Gd and Yb impurities in Au. Atomic exchange dominates for Au(Gd), while a phase-shift analysis indicates that covalent mixing of conduction p waves accounts for the observed k dependence in Au(Yb).


The importance and severity of the childhood tuberculosis frequently present with advanced disease. Automated liquid (TB) disease burden is recognized in many developing broth cultures such as MGIT and BACTEC offer slightly countries. Of the estimated 8.3 million new TB cases reported superior sensitivity and reduced turn around time compared to the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2000, 884 019 to the conventional solid media. However, their excessive cost were children. However, the diagnosis of childhood and requirement for laboratory infrastructure remains a major TB is complicated by the absence of a practical gold standard, limitation. Alternative, simple and rapid mechanisms for as bacteriologic confirmation is rarely achieved due to the detecting mycobacterial growth (e.g., colorimetric cultures) predominantly paucibacillary nature of childhood TB. Sputum have been developed, but require further validation in microscopy, often the only test available in endemic areas, is children. positive in less than 10-15% of children with probable TB and culture yields are usually low (30-40%). For this reason, in Collection of bacteriologic specimens is a major challenge non-endemic areas, use of a diagnostic triad is widely in the workup of a case of suspected pediatric TB. Table 1 advocated: 1) known contact with an adult index case (e.g., shows various methods that are used to collect bacteriologic household contact), 2) a positive tuberculin skin test (TST) specimens, their limitations and potential advantages. as evidence of M. tuberculosis infection and 3) suggestive Two to three fasting gastric aspirates collected on signs on the chest radiograph (CXR). However, accuracy of consecutive days and usually requiring hospital admission are this triad is greatly diminished in developing countries where routinely advised in children who cannot cough up sputum. the majority of the population acquire infection during A retrospective study from California compared the childhood and where transmission is not restricted to bacteriologi yield achieved in gastric aspirates collected from household contact with a known index case. Consequently, hospitalized and non-hospitalized children. Although the in endemic settings such as India where the discriminatory yield in hospitalized children was higher (percentage of value of known M. tuberculosis exposure and/or infection is positive cultures 48% vs 37%), this difference was not drastically reduced, the diagnosis of childhood TB depends statistically significant, which suggests that hospitalization mainly on clinical features and the subjective interpretation may not be a prerequisite for the collection of a good gastric of the CXR. In such settings, there is a definite need to aspirate specimen. improve bacteriologic diagnosis of childhood TB and overcome the limitations of predominantly clinical approaches. Bronchoalveolar lavage, using flexible fiberoptic bronschoscopy, has additive value when used in combination Although the bacteriologic yield in children is low, with gastric lavage, but this technique is highly specialized adolescent children frequently develop sputum smear-positive and is unavailable in most endemic areas. adult-type disease and sputum microscopy has definite Peru, mid-morning nasopharyngeal aspiration was compared diagnostic value in this subset of children. A recent study with early morning gastric aspiration; gastric aspiration demonstrated that the bacteriologic yield in children with TB provided a slightly better yield than nasopharyngeal aspiration (11%)


Neurotoxic products including reactive quinones and oxygen species such as H2O2 are generated upon oxidation of 4-(2-aminoethyl)-1,2-benzenediol (dopamine) and 5-(2-aminoethyl)benzene-1,2,4-triol (6-OH dopamine). Moreover, neurotoxicity of 6-OH dopamine and related oxidative stress may be increased in the presence of cytochrome c (Cytc) that is released from its normal mitochondrial location. A Cytc-enhanced 6-OH dopamine oxidation reaction is presented as a model bioassay for identifying possible neuroprotective food antioxidants and their metabolites. A concentration-dependent effect was observed for Cytc upon 6-OH dopamine oxidation. Fruit/vegetable extracts, prepared from Fragaria and Pisum, were tested by this assay; a three- to fourfold greater antioxidant potency was observed for Fragaria. The results were discussed in terms of the content for antioxidant phytochemicals. In addition, potencies for these dietary antioxidants were compared to those of a related assay based on N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-1,4-phenylene-diamine peroxidation.

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

The bioassay presented herein is intended to be used for screening the antioxidant activities of purified dietary compounds and their in vivo metabolites, as well as crude plant extracts and other food preparations. Examples are provided by the use of fruit and vegetable extracts; and these activities arecompared with those of purified phytochemicals. Because of the potential relevance of this assay to some neurological disorders and mitochondrial dysfunctions, phytochemicals and food extracts with strong protective activities in this initial screen may be good candidates for further analyses (biochemical, cellular and animal experiments) related to such disorders e.g., related to dopaminergic neurodegeneration as discussed below.


Quantum information has the potential to revolutionize the way we store, process, transfer and acquire information [1,14,15,21,37]. In particular, quantum information offers exciting new approaches to secure communication, computation and sensing. However, in order to realize such technologies, we must first understand the effect that environmental noise has on a quantum system. This dissertation builds upon recent studies that have explored the underlying structure of quantum information and the effects of qubit channels in quantum communication protocols. This work is divided into five main chapters, with Chapter 1 being a brief introduction to quantum information. We then begin Chapter 2 by defining the error function for our qubit communication protocols. From there we explore the properties of our error functions and the topological space that they form. In Chapter 3 we consider the newly patented process Adaptive Quantum Information Processing, patent number US9838141 B2; originally outlined by Martin in [23]. We restate the adaptive scheme and exemplify its application through the Prepare and Send Protocol and Quantum Key Distribution. Applying our results from Chapter 2, we obtain an expression for the adaptability of unital channels in these two protocols and classify the channels that admit the most improvement. We dedicate Chapter 4 to the derivation of gravitational noise, and show that in certain circumstances gravity results in a channel that can be maximally improved in Adaptive QKD [3,14,16]. Lastly, we study the set of error functions through the lens of domain theory. Domain theory is a subset of mathematics that was developed in order to rigorously formalize computations. The first four chapters are all consequences of past discoveries in the mathematical structure of quantum channels. In Chapter 5 we characterize the set of error functions through domain theory, extending the mathematical foundations of quantum information. [12,18,20, 22, 23,25]. iii Dedicated to my Mom and Dad: this is the culmination of all the patience, time, and effort you put into me.


The application of Regulation 1408/71 establishing a system of co-ordination of social security within the framework of the European Community is based on two criteria: economic activity and family ...


The metabolism of methanethiol was studied in rats. Administration of a noncomatogenic dose of methanethiol through inspired air or injection into the upper colon resulted in an elevation of the concentrations of methanethiol mixed disulfides in serum (protein–S–S–CH3 and X–S–S–CH3, × yet unknown) and in urine (X–S–S–CH3. The concentrations of methanethiol mixed disulfides proved to be a relative measure of exposure to methanethiol. The levels of volatile sulfur compounds methanethiol, dimethylsulfide and dimethyldisulfide in the air expired by rats exposed to a noncomatogenic dose of methanethiol through the colon were also elevated. Rats with acute hepatic encephalopathy caused by liver ischemia also showed elevation of methanethiol mixed disulfide levels on challenge of methanethiol through the colon or inspired air, but to a significantly smaller extent than did the corresponding sham‐operated rats. This suggests that the liver is at least partly responsible for formation of methanethiol mixed disulfides. No additional toxic effects were observed in the rats with ischemic livers on methanethiol exposition when compared with normal rats, suggesting that the liver does not play an essential role in methanethiol detoxification. Metabolism of methanethiol by blood to sulfate, for example, might be more important.


1. A system for measuring the parameters of the analyte from the body fluid in the measuring area, containing: a. a disposable housing having an opening for receiving said bodily fluid for measuring parameters of said analyte, and at least two disposable electrical contacts to perform said measurement, wherein said single-use enclosure comprises a skin piercing element, a measuring element sensitive to said analyte from said body fluid, and a coupling mechanism for attaching said housing to said measurement region; and! b. Reusable housing having at least two reusable electrical contacts corresponding to said at least two disposable electrical contacts, and further comprising a power source, a controller, a transceiver and a mechanical actuator to execute and transmit the results of said measurement; ! c. said reusable housing is connected to said disposable housing via at least two respective said reusable electrical contacts and at least two said disposable electrical contacts, and a mechanical actuator connected to said separate skin piercing element and said separate measuring element and controls; ! d. a remote controller operable to wirelessly communicate with said transceiver to transmit a trigger signal; ! e. wherein the trigger signal triggers said mechanical actuator for controlling AC


The present invention relates to that, more particularly, within the progressive STEEL concrete block and seismic strengthening method using the same that can easily and efficiently reinforce the stiffness or softness of the steel moment frames pillar on seismic reinforcement method for steel moment frames. According to an aspect of the invention, is coupled to both sides of the H section steel columns of iron as a concrete block to reinforce pillars, the concrete block, with a height corresponding to the height between the H section steel column upper flange and a lower flange and the upper flange and the cross-sectional enlargement at both ends of the bottom flange having a width of a certain length extension, projecting from the cross-sectional enlargement is composed of a reinforcing insert to be inserted into the space surrounded by the H-beam pillars upper flange and a lower flange and the web , along the section height direction, the portion enlarged longitudinal direction with an interval, and a plurality of longitudinal reinforcement, the reinforcing iron plate is in the H section steel pole face is characterized in that a plurality of shear connector is installed in contact with the reinforcing insert portion this advanced STEEL concrete blocks are presented.


We examine the consequences of untimely filings of forms 10-K and 10-Q in the bond market. Using publicly traded bond data covering the period from January 2000 to December 2012, we find that the bond market reacts negatively to late filing announcements of 10-Ks and 10-Qs. We also find that the use of covenants exacerbates the market reaction to the delayed filing, and that late-filing firms are likely to experience credit rating downgrades in the ensuing six- to twelve-month period. We use an identification strategy based on matched sample analysis that separates the delayed filing per se, from the economic cause of late filing to confirm our findings. The results provide evidence that the timeliness of public disclosure is an important consideration in the pricing of corporate public debt.


Diffusive monitoring of fluctuating concentrations is analyzed for the situation in which the concentrations of each component of a mixture to be sampled do not necessarily remain close to zero at the sorbent surfaces. Considering first samplers with a single sorbent surface, an estimate of time weighted averages (TWA) of the concentration in terms of measured mass is given which is unbiased in the limit of small concentrations. Bounds on the fluctuation-related error in this estimate are derived which may be calculated from the collected masses of any given sample. The error limits relate to both linear as well as leading non-linear regions of the empirical sorbent isotherm. The error limits imply potentially excessive error in the estimation of concentrations over averaging times as long as 8 hours. Reduction of this error and detection of breakthrough through the use of multiple sorbent surfaces is discussed.


An endophytic fungus YM39661 producing broad-scope,high activities and antipathogenic substances was isolated from the stem of Opuntia ficusindica Mill.,which has strong activity against twenty-one pathogenic microorganisms related to human and plants.The morphological characteristics of this strain are similar to Aspergillus terreus and the 18S rDNA sequence homology between strain YM39661 and Aspergillus terreus is more than 99%.But the conidiophore have obvious strumae,different to the model strain.The name Aspergillus terreus var.yunnanensis is proposed for strain YM39661.The fermentation conditions of this strain were investigated for the biosynthesis of bioactive metabolites.


Why do some ordinary men and women commit horrible atrocities, while others resist, even if it costs their lives? Studies of the Holocaust offer a potent critique of our customary approaches to moral education.


The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the New Zealand experience of public sector reform. Three areas are singled out for special attention. The first is the widespread use of the company form in areas where the government has mixed policy objectives. The second is the contractual relationship between chief executives and ministers and how this has affected matters such as the collective interest of government, public sector capability and succession planning. The third is the very real difficulty in managing the relationship between outputs and outcomes. The aim is to draw some lessons from the experience to better inform thinking about the utility of the New Zealand model


The purposes of this study were twofold: to test a theoretical framework developed by Stanovich ( 1994) and Roach (1 998) which identifies variables clairned to predict the effectiveness of integration of students with disabilities into classrooms: and to see what c m be deduced Frorn changes in teachers' anitudes toward integration of students with disabilities over the 25 Far period. 1974 to 1 999. A path model of the factors contnbuting to teachen' practices in integrated classrooms was tested using Lisrel 8.3. The path model was a version of the variables identified in Stanovich's ( 1994) and Roach's (1 998) models. adapted for the current data collection as selfreport Likert scales contained in a mailed survey in a large urban school board in Ontario. Canada. Eight hundred and eighty-four elementary teachers o f a potential 10.000 responded to the survey. The variables of the mode! tesred to prediet the outeorne rneasures of Teachers' Skiils and Teachers' Practices were Teachers' Beliefs, Teachers' AttitudesPIacement. Teacher Self Effkacy, and School NodSupport. The Teachen' AttitudesPlacement measure was weak and was dropped from the tinal path model solution. The results of the anaiysis largefy confmed the predicted relationships of the model's components. n i e path model results indicated that teachers are more likely to use effective teaching practices in an integmed classroom, when they perceive that they have support. have the skins and beIiefs to adapt instruction for students with disabilities and consider themselves to be eficacious as teachers. The revised Teachen' Attitudes portion of the present survey replicated a study completed in 1974 (n = 74 teachers) when students with developmental disabilities were first integrated in Ontario (Hambieton & Ziegler. 1974). The Teachers' Attitudes portion was again sent out in 1994 to teachers (n = 140) in large urban school boards in Ontario (Giddens. 1994). Although there have been changes in terminology which affects the interpretation of the findings. a tentative cornparison of the three sets of results was made. An analysis of the ranking portion of the s w e y revealed that teachen are requesting smaller class sizes. supportive administration and that they consider working with parents to be instrumental to their success in integrating students with disabiiities. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Preparing. researching and completing a dissertation is like being on a j o m e y of discovery. The final destination seems so far away and at times unattainable. but before you know it. you have amved. Along the way there are people to help guide you. I want ta thank Priscilla Bengo and Lisa Telford who helped with my statistical analysis. 1 greatly appreciated Dr. Leithwood. Dr. Smyth and Dr. Schurnm who made rny orals a cornfortable and pleasurehl experience. 1 was fortunate to have a hard working and dedicated thesis cornmittee and 1 thank Dr. L m . Dr. Stanovich, and Dr. Wiener. Dr. Anne Jordan. my thesis supervisor. was with me from the beginning of my joumey to completion. She was my teacher. my counselor. my editor. my confidante. and most important. my friend. Anne. I greatly appreciate al1 that you have done. you are sincerely a person 1 care


Ecotourism is a special way of tourism.It has particular connotation and concept.The development of ecotourism fits in with the demands or sustainable development.It is necessary to draw up a plan in advance,strengthen ecological education,perfect service facilities,and emphasize ecotourism research and personnel training so as to develop ecotourism.


OBJECTIVE:To learn the effect of centralized drug supply on total medical cost,so as to provide an effective and feasible solution for the problem of "high cost of getting medical service" faced by common people of the country.METHODS:The outpatient expense per capita,drug expense per capita,hospitalization expense per capita,inpatient drug expense per capita,daily expense per bed and other cost indicators were compared tested statistically before and 1 year after the implementation of centralized drug supply using PASW Statistics 18 statistical software.RESULTS:Compared with before reform,the outpatient expense per capita,outpatient drug expense per capita,hospitalization expense per capita,inpatient drug expense per capita and daily expense per bed had decreased by 13.58%,24.50%,5.09%,8.91% and 10.92%,respectively(P0.05).CONCLUSIONS:The centralized drug supply can reduce the total medical cost for patients through lowering the outpatient drug expense per capita and inpatient drug expense per capita.


Objective
To observe the effect of idebenone in the treatment of epilepsy complicating by mild cognitive impairment.

Methods
45 patients with epilepsy and mild cognitive impairment were randomly divided into observation group (n=25) and control group (n=20). The control group was treated with oral sodium valproate sustained release tablets, the observation group was treated with oral sodium valproate sustained release tablets and idebenone tablets. The MoCA was performed to evaluate the cognitive function of all patients in both groups before and 3 months after treatment.

Results
The total score and the scores of each sub-item of MOCA scale of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group 3 months after treatment (P 0.05).

Conclusion
In the treatment of patients with epilepsy and mild cognitive impairment, idebenone combined with routine antiepileptic drugs can significantly improve the cognitive function of patients, which is effective and safe, worthy of clinic application.

Key words:
Idebenone; MoCA scale; Mild cognitive impairment; Epilepsy


French photographer Jean-Luc Mylayne has traveled the world since 1976 in search of birds to photograph. His quest revolves around an encounter - secret and furtive - with the bird of the moment. In thirty-three years, Mylayne has taken no more than three hundred photographs, because each one is the result of a long and patient period of observation, and exists-without exception-in only a single print. Mylayne, who defines himself as a film director and speaks of birds as though they were actors, constructs his photograph around their presence. The compositions and tonalities of what he calls his scenes are extremely precise: the artist takes into account a multitude of parameters, such as the seasons and the time of day. He dedicates very special care to his compositions, which he does not retouch, and to the focal lengths, for which his lenses are largely fashioned by hand. A single photograph might be the objective of several months of preparation. The arrival of the bird at the place that has been specifically reserved for it in the photograph constitutes the successful outcome. Mylayne's processes, the slow approach of the bird, and the dialogue between them all question time. Mylayne's photography is about the quiet 'discipline of experiencing the intervals' in contrast to the decisive moments so traditional to the photographic medium. This book, published in conjunction with an exhibition at the Museum of Contemporary Art of Lyon, France, presents a previously unpublished series of 68 photographs taken by Mylayne between 1992 and 2008. 'When I see a bird, I see at the same time that bird on a tree near the house. I see everything as an ensemble, and I realize that's how I see everything in life...With my lenses, I can take in that place, then the tree, the bush, the house. I try to capture all those places at the same moment, just like our eye travels from one spot to another in taking in the scene, and I try to reconstitute it' - Jean Luc Mylayne, Marfa, TX, 2006.


Deaths and injuries resulted from traffic accidents is still a major public health problem. Recent advances in connected vehicle technology support a connected driving environment in which vehicles are enabled to communicate with each other and with roadside infrastructures via Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC). Connected vehicle safety applications supported by this technology allow drivers to learn about the traffic situations out of their sight and ahead of time so that drivers are warned early enough to make proper responses. As the connected vehicle systems (CVS) are designed with an aim to improving driver safety, the effectiveness of the CVS can not be achieved without drivers making proper responses in responding to the wireless warnings. Therefore, it is essential to understand and model the mechanism for human processing and responding to warnings from connected vehicle systems, and apply the driver model to optimize the design the CVS at the interface level and the communication level. Queuing Network-Model Human Processor (QN-MHP) is a computational framework that integrates three discrete serial stages of human information processing (i.e., perceptual, cognitive, and motor processing) into three continuous subnetworks. Each subnetwork is constructed of multiple servers and links among these servers. Each individual server is an abstraction of a brain area with specific functions, and links among servers represent neural pathways among functional brain areas. The neurological processing of stimuli is illustrated in the transformation of entities passing through routes in QN-MHP. Since this architecture was established, QN-MHP has been applied to quantify various aspects of aspects of driver behavior and performance, including speed control (Bi & Liu, 2009; Zhao & Wu, 2013b), lateral control (Bi et al., 2012; Bi et al., 2013), driver distraction (Bi et al., 2012; Fuller, Reed & Liu, 2012; Liu, Feyen & Tsimhoni, 2006), and driver workload (Wu & Liu, 2007; Wu et al., 2008). Most of the driver model built upon QN-MHP focused on the modeling of driver performance in normal driving situation. In a previous work of authors, a mathematical model was developed to predict the effects of warning loudness, word choice, and lead time on drivers' warning reaction time (Zhang, Wu, & Wan, 2016). The current research focused on the development of a mathematical model based on QN-MHP to quantify and predict driver performance in responding to warnings from connected vehicle systems, including warning response time and the selection of warning response type. The model also quantified the effects of important warning characteristics in connected vehicle systems, including warning reliability, warning lead time, and speech warning style. The model was validated via an experimental study indicating its good predictability of driver behavior and performance in connected vehicle systems. In particular, the model was able to explain 68.83% of the warning response type in the initial trial of the experiment with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.18. By adding the warning effect on the probability of a response type through trials, the model was able to explain 65.13% of the warning response type in the initial trial of the experiment with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.16. In terms of warning response time, the model prediction of warning response time under different warning reliability, style and lead time were very similar to the response time results from the experiments. The model was able to explain 88.30% of the experimental response time in average with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.16s. The developed driver model could be applied to optimize the design of the connected vehicle systems based on driver


a Anhui University of Science and Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huainan, China b Central South University, State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Changsha, China c Shandong Academy of Sciences, Advanced Materials Institute, Shandong Key Laboratory for High Strength Lightweight Metallic Materials (HLM), Shandong Engineering Research Center for Lightweight Automobiles Magnesium Alloy, Jinan, China


: We clarified how visiting students evaluated the satoyama way of life in the Hira Mountain Range, and investigated how the perception of the value of the satoyama way of life is related to new uses of natural resources, which have been increasing during the last few decades thanks to citizen activity. In our study, 147 university students were asked to write an essay on the theme ' What is attractive about the satoyama of Hira? ' . We extracted all expressions connected to what was perceived as being a valuable feature of the satoyama way of life from the essays, and sorted and analyzed them according to their meaning and based on their context. We then examined the keywords and category axis to determine what was perceived as valuable in the satoyama way of life. The word that appeared most frequently in the essays was ' nature. ' The expressions that indicated the most highly valued features of the satoyama way of life were ' nature as it is, ' ' connection with nature, ' and ' the way nature is used. ' We grouped the main expressions used in relation with the value of the satoyama way of life into the following five categories: ' as in ancient times, ' ' quiet and peaceful, ' ' abundant/diverse, ' ' reasonable, ' and ' connected. In the same way as the people who take part in citizen activities, the visiting students also highly valued the fact that the satoyama way of life allows people to be in close touch with the natural and cultural features of satoyama. Moreover, they pointed out that adding new elements to the traditional satoyama lifestyle in a thoughtful way will even further increase the value of the satoyama way of life. We can conclude that whenever projects aimed at changing or creating landscape elements, lifestyles, and land uses in countryside landscapes and villages are discussed or proposed, it is highly important to take into full account values such as those found in the five categories of our study including ' reasonable ' or ' as in ancient times ' .


The most prestigious place in modern criticism has for a long time been assumed by a formal, objective approach based on the standards of Symbolism and its technically minded dis ciples. ... Its specialized emphasis is a welcome relief from the historical and philosophical attitudes that used to tie litera ture to a variety of extra-literary beliefs. This same method, however, tends to assume that it is the only approach to literature—at least, the only really "literary" one; and its exclusive proprietorship is now being challenged by a new approach that defines literature as a metaphysical expression and a transcription of existence. The historical lines are now drawn between " objective" criticism and a European movement that analyzes the con sciousness manifest in literature.1


Had have a physical mobile device NOMAD control brain is controlled by a simulated nervous system lactide-based devices (Brain-Based Device, BBD). The simulated nervous system is suited to the complex anatomy and based on the physiological structure of the peripheral region including the neurons of the hippocampus and cortex. BBD is in the time integration of spatial signals from a plurality of objects and exploring the unknown and helps to provide a flexible solution driving environment. As NOMAD a station within the real-world environment, simulator suited hippocampus of the nervous system is the number received from the sensor on the NOMAD to the time scale - organizing the shape input information, and spatial and episodic memory necessary for the organization to operate used for the development. Nerves, neurons, hippocampus, cortex, simulations, mobile


The purpose of this study is to investigate the transformation of openings installed on the partition wall between Daechung and Bang, through the case study on MyungRyunDangs of 19 HangGyos in Kyungbuk province. The way to carry out this study was to look through existing situations and to find out ...


Adverse outcomes of orthodontic treatment have been reported in the literature, yet there are currently no systematic reviews on the subject. We undertook a comprehensive review of the literature using the Medline and Ovid electronic databases, complemented by manual searching. The occurrence of unforeseen iatrogenic traumatic complications due to orthodontic treatment was used as the primary outcome. Traumatic iatrogenic complications associated with orthodontic treatment are infrequent. The most common complication reported is ingestion of orthodontic components. In the majority of the cases, management of the offending agent resulted in complete recovery without further complaint. The exception to this is ocular injury sustained as a result of improper use of or accidental injuries related to orthodontic headgear. These injuries are potentially devastating for the patient. CPD/Clinical Relevance: Orthodontic treatment is carried out routinely and it is important to be aware of the unexpected complications that can occur during treatment and their consequences.


A sensitive and miniature magnetic field intensity measuring device is desired since people have become concerned about the effect of magnetic fields on health. Such a device cannot be constructed with a conventional fiber optic sensor which is too complex and bulky to be used as a portable device. In this research work, a magnetostrictive magnetometer was fabricated with a piece of Tcrfenol-D rod and a low-cost laser diodc. The prototype has demonstrated very promising results, indicating that such a device is capable of meeting the requirements of simplicity of design and high sensitivity. The use of Terfenol-D as a transducer in a magnetic field intensity measurement is reported for the first time. Also, an experimental study on the diode sensor provided infonnation that cannot be found in the literature. Laser diode sensor moocHing is discussed in order to explore further the principles of the magnetometer.


X Y Z Abstract—This work investigates the use of TiCN and CrN thin film coatings to increase the lifetime of high precision grippers used for aligning a slider in hard disk drive manufacture. Experimental study to characterize wear performance and properties of the coatings and finite element analysis of the coated grippers were carried out. The macromicro scale FE models of the coated grippers which take into account the surface profile were developed in order to calculate contact stresses and in-service sliding distance. Wear depth and lifetime of the coated grippers were then estimated using a classic Archard wear equation. It was found that the lifetime can increase greatly with the use of coatings, e.g. 10 times using TiCN coating and 20 times using CrN coating. Life improvement can also be achieved with some control of the slider initial position before making contact with the grippers.


In this paper, a review on the importance of waste materials such as fly ash, plastic waste, rubber waste, fiber glass, slag, rice husk ash, Palm oil fuel ash(POFA) as a supplement of cement and ingredient of concrete for the production of eco-friendly concrete as well as sustainable development has been presented. The benefits of supplementary use of waste materials in the cement and concrete have also been listed here. However, based on the information from published literatures, it is concluded that proper utilization of waste materials as a substitute of cement and constituents of concrete will be a valuable and effective way for production of eco-friendly concrete as well as sustainable development for comfortable and continued existence of present and future generation on the earth.


A synthesis is presented of heavy ion single event upset and latch-up sensitivity test results on 12 memory types from various technologies. Test data for CMOS and SOI SRAMs, FG/EEPROMs and SNOS/EEPROMs are presented. After a presentation of the test conditions, the interpretation of the results for high density technologies are discussed. The test results are then summarized and discussed in detail. The data collected for high density SRAMs revealed a deviation from the effective LET cos theta law. This phenomenon may be correlated to the shape of the sensitive area. Some products exhibited a strong sensitivity asymmetry (0 to 1 or 1 to 0 transitions). This effect has been correlated to the basic cell design. In addition, an ion species dependence has been noticed for one type. A normalized plot showing a common behaviour of all the devices tested is presented. With respect to these phenomena, some guidelines are suggested to achieve a full characterization of the devices.<<ETX>>


INTRODUCTION The ribosome holds our fascination for a number of reasons. It is a complex organelle, yet one that is comprehensible in terms of the number and stoichiometry of its constituent molecules. Its synthesis involves major interactions of nucleus and cytoplasm. It is ubiquitous in living cells, and as the site of protein synthesis, it plays a central role in cell growth and maintenance. The regulation of its synthesis is complex, not only because of the number of components involved, but also because it is closely tied to cell growth. Perhaps more important, the ribosome has been highly conserved during evolution and is the prime example of a "housekeeping enzyme." A comparison of the regulation of ribosome synthesis in prokaryotes, in simple eukaryotes, and in complex eukaryotes may provide insight into the way regulation itself has evolved. This paper consists of three parts: (1) the mature ribosome; (2) what is known of the way it works in protein synthesis, which for yeast is precious little; and (3) ribosome synthesis, including a considerable body of data concerning its regulation in yeast and a hypothesis to account for some of the data. Mitochondrial ribosomes are discussed by Dujon (1981). THE YEAST RIBOSOME Ribosomal RNA Saccharomyces is typical of eukaryotes in that it has four species of RNA in its ribosome: 25S, 5.8S, and 5S in the 60S subunit, and 18S in the 40S subunit. The properties of these molecules are summarized in Table 1. The sequence of 5S RNA from S. carlsbergensis ...


In this paper, a three-dimensional viscous inverse design method is presented. The blade geometry is parameterized by aerodynamic variables such as blade loading, which allows direct control of the aerodynamic flow field. With a specified stacking axis and thickness distribution, the algorithm solves the flow field and blade geometry iteratively until the prescribed blade loading is matched. Meanwhile, the fast turn-around time of the inverse design method enables a substantial reduction of time and computational resources, which is particularly advantageous when the product development period is limited. The method is demonstrated through the redesign of an axial transonic compressor (Darmstadt Transonic Compressor), which has been extensively studied by experimental research and numerical simulations. The interaction between the shock wave, the tip clearance flow, and the boundary layer flow in the tip region is crucial for the compressor performance and operational stability. The redesigned compressor reduces the shock strength and the induced flow loss in the tip region through blade loading control. The performance improvement is verified by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations for a stage configuration. A detailed flow field is obtained and compared to the baseline design. The loss reduction mechanism is analyzed by using entropy production rate to better understand the design impact.


"I think I am never more humble than when exalted," wrote George Whitefield in his journal entry for Sunday, 21 January 1739 (Journals 194).' Ostensibly meant to invoke the conventional Christian belief in empowerment through meekness and yet perceptibly at odds with it, this sentiment is reiterated throughout the spiritual autobiography of the iconoclastic Anglican minister who between 1739 and 1770 undertook an enormously influential series of preaching "tours" in colonial America. By no means the first evangelical minister to enthuse an American audience-Jonathan Edwards had recorded a


This paper reveals the features of izafet constructions, used in the work "Baburname" by Z.M.Babur. The Persian izafet constructions and their morphological peculiarities have been thoroughly studied. The history of study of izafet constructions in the structure of Uzbek language through diachronic aspect is a significant matter of the discussions. The different types of izafet constructions and their use in the classical masterpiece of Asian literature are worth special considerations.