I suppose that quantum objects obey elementary probability theory. I consider a connection of elementary probability theory and complex quantum amplitudes by a matrix calculus. A special case of a discrete pregeometry is an example of this approach.


Objective To investigate the drug rules in the prevention and treatment of radiation xerostomia with traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),and to provide a reference in clinical practice.Methods The literatures on radiation xerostomia published between1998 and 2010 were inspected.All papers met the following criteria for statistical analysis,including department of oral and damage caused by radiation therapy,a complete prescription,use decoction for the medical treatment.Results A total of 103 queries to the relevant prescriptions and medication taste 114 were found.The commonly used medicines were tonic medicine drugs and antipyretic.Of which,Ophiopogon Japonicus,figwort Root,Rehmannia glutinose Libosch,Tuckahoe,White Peony Root,Dioscorea opposita,Lonicera Japonica,Tree Peony Bark,Salvia miltiorrhiza,Schisandra Chinensis were the top10 frequently used TCM.Conclusion Yin and moistening,clearing heat and detoxication are the most important method for treatment of radiation xerostomia.


Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are naturally occurring small peptides which are an innate part of the host's defense mechanism. They are active against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, various viruses, fungi, and parasites. There is little consensus in the amino acid sequences of AMPs but evidently they do possess some definite common features, such as relative hydrophobic and a positively charged amphipathic structure that has been associated with the biological activity. Optimization of the activity and specificity of the AMPs using large peptide libraries is a tedious and expensive route. In this venture, QSAR can be used to shed light or reveal the structural features that should be incorporated in the design of new AMPs. However within the realm of QSAR, 3D-QSAR of peptides is an overwhelming task due to the sheer number of conformational degrees of freedom for peptides. To achieve this, we propose the use of a validated 2D-QSAR technique coined HomoSAR that is specifically designed for peptide QSAR. It has the ability to extract all necessary information from a set of peptides to elucidate the underlying structure activity relationships, based on homology principles and similarity techniques. The present work is a comprehensive study on a dataset of protegrin antimicrobial peptides isolated from porcine leukocytes with a broad spectrum of activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as the fungus C. albicans and HIV-1 virus. The HomoSAR models for antimicrobial activity against six different species highlighted two major determinants of activity; firstly the optimal length of protegrins for exhibiting broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi is 16 residues. Secondly, for antimicrobial activity against the yeast C. albicans, it turns out that it is the electronic property that should be tempered to modulate activity. This is not a major attribute for both Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria.


Steganography as the art of concealing messages to other object has been widely used in term of information security. The process of Steganography allows the hidden messages for not being apparent to an observer. Furthermore, there is another way that is commonly used to improve the security of the information, which is usually called Cryptography. Cryptography defines the art and science of transforming data into a sequence of bits that appears as random and meaningless for the observer. Most of the time, people use only one technique either Steganoraphy or Cryptography to secure the important information. However, the combination of Cryptography and Steganography that is proposed can be applied for enhancing the security of hiding information. The proposed concept also can provide an easiness of exchanging important messages secretly between a receiver and a sender with multimedia files as carriers of the messages.


In this study, we scored the discoloration of the parathyroid glands using a new parathyroid scoring system and evaluated the correlation between the parathyroid score and duration of required calcium supplementation after total thyroidectomy. Materials and Methods: A total of 316 patients undergoing total thyroidectomy between November 2009 and April 2010 were enrolled in this retrospective study. Parathyroid scoring was performed by one experienced surgeon.. Results: Parathyroid scores were positively correlated with ionized PTH concentrations at 2 hours (r = 0.053, p < 0.001), 2 weeks (r = 0.056, p < 0.001), 3 months (r = 0.032, p<0.001), 6 months (r = 0.072, p < 0.001), and 1 year (r = 0.071, p < 0.001) after thyroidectomy. Parathyroid scores were significantly and inversely associated with the duration of required calcium supplementation (p = 0.001). Conclusions: Parathyroid scores at the end of surgery might be helpful for predicting the degree of postoperative hypocalcemia after total thyroidetomy.


This paper discussed two measures of value added flows between countries: "Trade in value added" accounts for value added of one country directly and indirectly embodied in final consumption of another country. "Value added in trade" measures the value added embodied in gross trade flows. The paper shows that both measures result in the same overall net trade of a country which equals its trade balance in gross terms which however does not hold for bilateral relations. These value added flows can further be broken down by various production factors including capital and labor income by educational attainment categories. Using the recently compiled World Input-Output Database (WIOD) selected results comparing EU-27, US, Japan and China based on both concepts regarding value added flows across countries are presented. For example, the US trade deficit with China is reduced by about 25% but would increase with respect to EU-27 by about 20%. These imbalances are further broken down by factor incomes.


Recent trends towards financial liberalisation have brought in their wake pressures for developing uniform rules of property rights, based on the idea of shareholder supremacy which informs company law in the USA and the UK, to protect investors against agency problems. Agency problems arise because of the separation of management from control in modern corporations. It is argued here that these problems cannot be completely resolved by adopting uniform rules for corporate governance. The failure to resolve the problem might define the limit to the global movement of finance capital.


Abstract: Recurrence of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) after kidney transplantation is frequent, occurring almost exclusively in patients with atypical HUS, which is not caused by Escherichia coli gastroenteritis and in which diarrhea is absent. Calcineurin inhibitors are associated with recurrence of HUS. In two children who underwent living donor kidney transplantation for atypical HUS, we pre‐emptively employed sirolimus in a calcineurin inhibitor‐free immunosuppression regimen. Both children had excellent early graft function, yet both developed severe recurrent disease and subsequently lost their grafts. Avoidance of calcineurin inhibitors did not prevent recurrence of severe HUS and graft loss. Transplantation for severe atypical HUS remains problematic.


There are many strategies for noting the priority of various tasks on your to do lists. One technique is to feature stars or exclamation marks next to the high-priority responsibilities. Another technique is to apply numbers or letters to rank duties. You can also use underlining or circling or maybe change the size of your writing to indicate crucial gadgets. In this undertaking we can work at the information provided by means of the consumer and perform movements consisting of adding, prioritizing, and putting off. It makes one's work-lifestyles and private life organized. It answers our queries by using marking the tasks which can be already executed with a checked symbol by using clicking at the listing. Additionally, the application may even list down the full number of To-do lists which are available and will also have a choice to filter project based totally on priorities. The priority drop-down box has three priorities low, medium, and excessive. A net software that prioritizes to-do listing for consumer comfort.


Summary Diatom data from Linton Loch show five diatom assemblage zones, together with stratigraphic evidence indicating some aspects of the development of the lake basin during the Flandrian. Results show an early Flandrian dominance of planktonic diatom species in the lake waters with the later development of epiphytic species as the hydrosere encroached. Following deforestation in the catchment, water levels rose in the basin when benthic diatoms became dominant.


We study the interaction of maximally-charged dilatonic black holes at low velocity. We compute the metric on moduli space for three extreme black holes under a simple constraint. The Hamiltonian of the multi-black hole system of $O(v^2)$ is also calculated for the $a=1$ and $a=1/\sqrt{3}$ cases, where $a$ is the dilaton coupling constant. The behavior of the system is discussed qualitatively.


The main goal of this research is to propose didactic strategies for the guidance on the formation of sexual identity in boys and girls aged 3 to 6 years old. To achieve the intended purpose, it started from theorical analysis of the tenets of Freud (2004), Erikson (2009) y Piaget (2008), who describe the differets stages it goes through the individual throughout life and its relationship with the development of infantile sexuality; as well as aproaches in the Curriculum of the Subsystem of the Bolivarian Initial Education. The results obtained from the theorical review allowed the desing of a proposal as a methodological tool for educators of preschool level. Key words: identity, formation, education.


Multi-robot cooperative patrolling systems have been extensively employed in the civilian and military fields, including monitoring forest fires, marine search-and-rescue, and area patrol. Multi-robot area patrol problems refer to the activity that a team of robots works cooperatively and regularly to visit the key targets in the given area for security. Following consideration of the low cost and high safety of unmanned surface vehicles (USV), a team of USVs is organized to perform area patrol in a sophisticated maritime environment. In this paper, we establish a mathematical model considering the characteristics of the cooperative patrol task and the limited conditions of USVs. A hybrid partition-based patrolling scheme is proposed for a multi-USV system to visit targets with different importance levels in a maritime area. Firstly, a centralized area partition algorithm is utilized to partition the patrolling area according to the number of USVs. Secondly, a distributed path planning algorithm is applied to planning the patrolling path for each USV to visit the targets in a maritime environment to minimize the length of the patrolling path for the USV team. Finally, comparative experiments between the proposed scheme and other methods are carried out to validate the performance of the hybrid partition-based patrolling scheme. Simulation results and experimental analysis show the efficiency of the proposed hybrid partition-based patrolling scheme compared to several previous patrolling algorithms.


SiC SiC 20μm 1μm 1.5μm 1.5μm SiCナノビームフォトニック結晶共振器の作製 Fabrication of SiC nanobeam photonic-crystal cavities 京大院工 ,成均館大 2 田 昇愚 ,山口 祐樹 ,宋 奉植 ,浅野 卓 ,野田 進 1 Kyoto Univ. , Sungkyunkwan Univ. , Seung-Woo Jeon, Yuki Yamaguchi, Bong-Shik Song, Takashi Asano and Susumu Noda E-mail: email@example.com, email@example.com, email@example.com Photonic-crystal (PC) nanocavities based on Silicon Carbide (SiC) have many advantageous properties over Si nanocavities such as suppression of two-photon absorption [1] and ultra-broad band operation [2]. However, the experimental Q factors (~10) of the fabricated nanocavities have proved to be much lower than the design Q factors (~10), and in the previous report we have confirmed that absorption loss is the major origin of the Q factor degradation [3]. This absorption loss is considered due to the damage induced by the ion implantation process during the fabrication of SiC-on-insulator substrates. For this reason, we have proposed a nano-beam photonic crystal structure that can be fabricated directly on a SiC bulk wafer using an oblique etching [4]. Here, we report an experimental results on the fabrication of the nano-beam photonic crystal structure. Firstly, we fabricated a SiC nano-beam structure without photonic crystal pattern. A 200 nm-thick Ni mask of the nano-beam pattern was prepared on a 4H-SiC bulk wafer by using a metal lift-off technique (Fig. 1 (a)). The sample was then vertically etched by about 1.5m using an inductively coupled plasma etching technique to obtain a high-mesa structure (Fig. 1(b)). Next, the lower part of the mesa was removed by the oblique etching using an electric field control plate [5] in order to obtain air-bridged structure. As can be seen in Fig. 1 (c), a nano-beam structure with a triangular cross-section that is separated from the SiC bulk region has been successfully obtained. The length and width of the nano-beam are 20 m and 1 m respectively (Fig. 1(d)), and separation between the beam and bulk region is 1.5 m, which is enough large to reduce the coupling loss to the bulk region [4]. Next, SiC nano-beam PC cavity has been fabricated. In this process, PC air-holes were first fabricated and then the nano-beam was fabricated by aligning the Ni marks (Fig. 1(a)) to the air-holes. As can be seen Fig.1(e), a nano-beam photonic crystal is successfully fabricated directly on the SiC bulk wafer. Further details on the other results will be presented at the conference. [Acknowledgement] This work was partly supported by JSPS KAKENHI and FISRST Program. [References] [1] S. Yamada, et al. Opt. Exp. 20, 14789 (2012) , [2] S. Yamada, et al. Appl. Phys. Lett. 99, 201102 (2011) , [3] 田昇愚他、13 秋応物 17a-P14-7, [4] 山口他、14 春応物 17a-PA1-8, [5] S. Takahashi, et al. Nat. Mat. 8, 721(2009).


Abstract: The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of climate change and doubled atmospheric CO2 concentrations, as well as the combined effects of climate change and doubling atmospheric CO2 concentrations on soil organic carbon (SOC) in the alpine steppe of the northern Tibetan Plateau using the CENTURY model. The results indicate that SOC loss in climate change scenarios varied from 49.77–52.36% in the top 20 cm. The simulation results obtained for a P1T0 scenario (increased precipitation and unchanged temperature), P0T1 scenario (unchanged precipitation and increased temperature), and P1T1 scenario (increased precipitation and increased temperature) were similar. The alpine steppe in the P1T1 scenarios lost the greatest amount of SOC (844.40 g C m-2, representing the least amount of SOC) by the end of the simulation. The simulation for P0T1 scenarios resulted in a 49.77% loss of SOC. However, SOC increased 12.87% under the CO2 doubling scenario, compared with the unchanged CO2 scenario. CO2 enhancement effects on SOC were greater than the climate change effects on SOC alone. The simulation of combined climate change and doubling atmospheric CO2 led to a decrease in SOC. This result indicated a decrease of 52.39% in SOC for the P1T1 + 2 × CO2 scenario, 49.81% for the P0T1 + 2 × CO2 scenario. and 52.30% for the P1T0 + 2 × CO2 scenario over the next 50 years. Therefore, SOC content in the alpine steppe will change because of changes in precipitation, temperature and atmospheric CO2 concentrations.


The invention relates to a splicing and inserting plastic cap applied to a beverage bottle with a large opening. The splicing and inserting plastic cap comprises a connecting bridge, an inserting base and a bottle cap. A connecting bridge base corresponding to the shape of the connecting bridge is designed on the inserting base and used for storing the connecting bridge. The inner side of the inserting base is connected with the outer side of the bottle cap in a buckling mode. Connecting bridge inserting bases are radially arranged on the outer ring of the inserting base. Any two plastic caps are combined and spliced through the connecting bridges and the connecting bridge inserting bases. Compares with the prior art, more appearance elements are added through regularly-distributed connecting and inserting grooves, so that the splicing and inserting plastic cap has the advantages of being more attractive to the attention of a consumer and the like.


Analysis on the problems exist in setting up files of community residents' health and the process of management.Make corresponding countermeasures and recommendations,provide reference for setting up and managing residents' health files of divisions in Xinjiang production and construction corps and small and medium-sized cities in China.


The motor driving the starter according to the present invention, the motor 2, an output shaft 3, the motor 2 and the output shaft 3, a first spline connection member (3a, 4d) disposed between the ring of the engine gear to 20 and a meshing pinion (5), the output shaft 3 and the pinion (5) of the second spline connection members (3b, 5b) arranged between the pinion (5) toward the ring gear 20, the spring pinion spring 21 for applying a force, the lever (6), to move the output shaft 3 toward the ring gear 20, when energized, to the lever (6) operates the motor when moved to a predetermined position If for the electromagnetic switch and the electromagnetic switch to move the output shaft 3 toward the ring gear 20 includes a drive spring (27) for applying a spring force to the pinion (5). A helical spline coupling member (3a, 4d) that when moved to the ring gear 20 by the electromagnetic switch, the first and second spline coupling member (3a, 4d) is the output by half a pitch angle or more of the pinion with respect to the shaft 3 to rotate the pinion (5). A starter motor drive pinion, ring gear, helical splines, straight splines, and the plunger


Since the bel canto introduced into China during 1920s and 1930s,discussion on "scientific" singing methods has lasted till now.The paper holds that the so-called "scientific singing" should be a vocal tradition rooted in specific nationality and a singing method taking beautiful musical sound effects as the training purpose and thus having a systematic understanding on the vocal principle on this basis.There is no essential difference between national singing and bel canto on the empirical research of vocal principle,forming a systematic theoretical knowledge based on quantified and detailed study on cases and concluding the law.The national character of scientific singing should be explored the cultural background from the traditional singing experience and aesthetic point of view so as to really achieve the development goal of national vocal art with scientific quality as well as the artistic characteristics of the nationality.


Background:Lockdown in India happened due to COVID-19 pandemic. In this lockdown, government urged people to stay at home to prevent the spread of the virus. Prolonged homestay for longer duration leads to sedentary behavior which affects physical as well as mental health of the individuals. Aim:This study aimed at determining the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the physical activity and mental health of physiotherapy college students. Also to know the correlation between physical activity and mental health in physiotherapy students keeping pandemic COVID-19 in between them. Method:A web-based survey was undertaken. 250 physiotherapy students were approached out of which 214 had successfully filled up the entire form. The questionnaire of IPAQ(SF) for physical activity level and DASS-21 for mental health were used. Data Analysis:Prevalence for physical activity and prevalence of mental health status for physiotherapy students was calculated and presented in form of frequency distribution and spearman's correlation was used to find the any relation between them. Results:Prevalence of 79% was obtained for mild physical activity. 17% for moderate physical activity and 4% severe physical activity was obtained. Prevalence of mental health status were noted it showed 29.90% mild, 32.71% moderate and 10.73% severe level of affection in physiotherapy students. Also, there is a weak positive co relation between physical activity and mental health of physiotherapy students considering pandemic. Conclusion:With the present study it can be concluded that there is a significant reduction in the physical activity and also prevalence for mental health status shows deterioration level among physiotherapy students. Looking at the current scenario early intervention are needed to improve the mental health status and physical activity of physiotherapy students.


The present invention relates to protein purification methods comprising a combination of a HPTFF and non-affinity chromatography. The present invention is a protein with a non-affinity chromatographic purification process which combination of HPTFF (e.g., an antibody or antibody-like molecule) and the resulting purified from a mixture containing host cell proteins, resulting in the host cell protein impurities, and finally to target in the protein was purified on research results surprising is present in an amount of less than 100ppm.


A device adaptable lens electro-optic (110), comprising: at least two transparent substrates (120, 122), a layer of transparent conductive electrode (130, 132) on each substrate, an active electro-equipment (160) arranged between the substrates, wherein the electrode layers on each substrate are designed and comprise a plurality of ring electrodes (134), each ring electrode of the plurality of ring electrodes a corresponding continuous ring; wherein the ring electrodes of an electrode layer provide fine control over the delay of optical phase and ring electrodes of the other electrode layer provide a more accurate phase control over a group of at least two of the ring electrodes fine control, wherein the delay optical phase is a linear function of a voltage applied across two electrodes adjacent ring from the plurality of ring electrodes and each ring electrode has a voltage which produces a delay particularly with respect to optical phase electrode central ring of each of the first and second electrode layers; and wherein at least one ring electrode on a first substrate of the at least two transparent substrates covers, in a direction parallel to a plane defined by the first substrate, at least two electrodes coplanar ring of a second substrate of up to least two transparent substrates.


The logistics appears with the production and distribution of the commercial goods. With the rapid development of the economy globalization and the information technology, the logistics is being spread widely in the world. But in China, the logistics is still on the development stage, which is not only resulted from the economic development level, but also restricted by the system environment and the technical level. Based on the analysis on these problems, this paper puts forward some relative countermeasures.


SummaryThe applicability of electrochemical methods for the characterization of oxide layers on copper was examined. The oxide layers were formed at high temperature in air atmosphere and electrochemically in carbonate and bicarbonate solutions. The test methods were cathodic polarisation measurements, cyclic voltammograms and galvanostatic reduction. The composition and the thickness of oxide layers were determined from the galvanostatic curves. The reduction potential range indicates the composition of oxide layer and the reduction time indicates the thickness of the layer in the galvanostatic E-t curves. The 0,1 M Na2CO3 electrolyte gave the sharpest reduction peaks in cyclic voltammograms. The cyclic voltammograms abo proved that the oxide layers formed in air at higher temperature differ from the electrochemically formed oxide layers. Both the parabolic and the logarithmic oxidation rate laws were found to be applicable in air oxidation.


The introduction and spread of grapevine bacterial canker caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. viticola (Xcv) occurs, among other ways, through plantlets, grapevine cuttings and farming tools. This study aimed to: evaluate the effectiveness of treatments of cuttings to eradicate Xcv using thermotherapy, bactericides and sanitizers; prove the survival of Xcv into thinning shears; and select efficient sanitizers for disinfection of these tools and water used in the production of plantlets. In the first study, the Xcv isolates were tested for pathogenicity and "in vitro" sensitivity to bactericides and sanitizers (streptomycin+oxytetracycline, oxytetracycline+copper sulfate, kasugamycin and oxytetracycline; dodecyldimethyl ammonium chloride, sodium hypochlorite and benzalkonium chloride) at different concentrations. The eradication of Xcv on cuttings was tested in experiments with thermotherapy (50˚C for 30 and 40 min; 53˚C for 5 and 10 min); bactericides oxytetracycline+copper sulphate (150+2000, 165+2200, 180+2400 and 195+2600 mg L-1 of H2O) and oxytetracycline (600, 700, 800 and 900 mg L-1) and sanitizers dodecyldimethyl ammonium chloride (600, 1200, 1800, 2400, 3000 μl L-1) sodium hypochlorite (5000, 10000, 20000, 30000, 40000 μl L-1) and benzalkonium chloride (125, 167, 250, 334, 500 μl L-1). The bactericidal oxytetracycline and sanitizers dodecyldimethyl ammonium chloride and sodium hypochlorite provided the largest zones of inhibition, in vitro. However, it was not possible to recommend an efficient treatment of temperature/time, and concentrations of bactericides or sanitizers, among those tested, capable of eradicating Xcv of infected grapevine cuttings. In the second study, survival was evaluated 0-42 h after dipping the scissors in pathogen suspension. In vitro susceptibility test and initial selection in scissors were performed with the sanitizers dodecyldimethyl ammonium chloride (1200 μl L-1), sodium hypochlorite (20000 μl L-1), benzalkonium chloride (250 μl L-1), sodium dichloroisocyanurate (16.25 mg L-1), calcium hypochlorite (130 mg L-1), calcium oxychloride (97.5 mg L-1) and chlorine dioxide (25 μl L-1). To validate the efficiency of sanitizers for disinfection of scissors the first two products were tested at the same concentrations, and 50 cuts were sequentially made in vine leaves. The controls only with Xcv allow verifying the dissemination ability of Xcv from an inoculum source. The viability of the same sanitizers was studied 0-8 h after solution preparation. Disinfection of water contaminated with Xcv was tested with two bactericidal and three sanitizers. Xcv survived 24 h in thinning shears. Sodium hypochlorite (20000 μl L-1) and dodecyldimethyl ammonium chloride (1200 μl L-1) provided the greatest inhibition halos and disinfested scissors contaminated with Xcv. Solutions of these sanitizers remained viable for 8 h. Xcv was spread by contaminated thinning shears, on average, until the 24th cut. Disinfestation of the water contaminated with…


The main memory DBMS(MMDBMS) efficiently supports various database applications that require high performance since it employs main memory rather than disk a primary storage. In this paper, we discuss the experiences obtained in developing the index manager of the Tachyon, a next-generation MMDMBS. The index manager is an essential sub-component of the DBMS used to speed up the retrieval of objects from a large volume of a database in response to a certain search condition. Previous research efforts on indexing proposed barious index structures. However, they hardly dealt with the practical issues occurred in implementing an index manager on a target DBMS. In this paper, we touch these issues and present our experiences in developing the index manager on the Tachyon as solutions. The main issues touched are (1) compact representation of an index entry, (2) support of vaiable-length keys, (3) support of multiple-attribute keys, (4) support of duplicated keys, (5) definition of external AOIs, (6) concurrency control, and (7) backup and recovery, We believe that our contribution would help MMDBMS developers highly reduce their trial-and-errors.


The authors of the current investigation developed and evaluated the effects of a tutoring system based on a small-group arrangement to two young adults with autism spectrum disorder on the acquisition, maintenance, and generalization of sight words. The tutoring system was comprised of a virtual teacher to instruct sight words, and a humanoid robot which adopted a peer metaphor, where its function was to act as an emulated peer. With the introduction of the robot peer (RP), the traditional dyadic interaction in tutoring systems was augmented to a novel triadic interaction in order to enrich the social content of the learning environment and to facilitate observational learning (OL). The virtual teacher implemented a constant time delay strategy to instruct three types of sight words: (a) target words exclusive to the participant, (b) target words common between the participant and the RP, and (c) nontarget words exclusive to the RP. In order to examine the efficacy of intervention, a multiple-probe design across three word sets, replicated across two participants, was utilized. Results indicated that both participants acquired, generalized, and maintained target words with 100% accuracy. Furthermore, the participants made fewer errors and required less instruction time to learn the words common between the participants and the RP. Finally, the participants acquired, through OL, the majority of words taught exclusively to the RP.


Several substituted layered lithium cobaltates of formula Li0.999Co1−yByO2 (0.05 ≤ y ≤ 0.35) were synthesized and characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, Raman and FTIR spectroscopy, magnetic measurements, and ESR experiments. The compounds have been investigated as cathode materials in rechargeable lithium batteries and galvanostatic cycling are reported. Structural data showed that particles crystallized in the R3m structural symmetry and single-phased can be grown free of any impurity up to the boron concentration y ≤ 0.25, except for the presence of nickel impurity, as Ni is always present in the cobalt precursors. The voltage profiles of electrochemical cells including these compounds as the cathode were monitored against Li anode. The overall capacity of the oxides has been reduced by the sp metal substitution. However, more stable cycling performances have been observed compared to the performances of the native oxides. At 4.4 V cutoff voltage, the Li//LiCo0.75B0.25O2 cell exhibits an almost co...


Aim and Background:The characteristic of inflammation in the liver is the invasion of inflammatory cells. These cells, with the secretion of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and the alpha-induced tumor necrosis factor, contribute to the disease and damage to the liver. In this study, the anti-inflammatory effect of ginger and lemon juice on an inflammatory factor of IL-6 in liver toxicity induced by thioacetamide in rats was investigated. Material and Methods:In order to perform the experiment, 55 mouse with an approximately weight of 250-200 grams collected from Isfahan University were used. The samples were randomly divided into 9 treatment groups, one control group and one thioacetamide control group (positive control) (each group with 5 mice). After treatment, each group received different doses of ginger extract and lemon juice, blood samples were taken from the heart under anesthetized conditions and ELISA technique was used to measure the inflammatory factor of IL-6. Finally, the statistical comparison of mean serum IL-6 levels in different groups was performed using SPSS V.20 software and one-way ANOVA test. Results:The results showed that consumption of ginger extract and lemon juice significantly decreased serum IL-6 levels. The highest reduction of IL-6 serum levels after thioacetamide treatment was shown in 500 mg/kg ginger and 100% lemon juice combination treatment. This reduction was dose-dependent (P <0.001). Conclusion:Thioacetamide causes poisoning and ultimately inflammation of the liver. Extract of ginger and lemon juice in combination with ginger and flavonoids that have anti-inflammatory properties can improve liver parameters in liver inflammation. Ginger extract and sour lemon juice have antiinflammatory properties and can improve liver parameters in liver inflammation and decrease inflammation by decreasing serum levels of IL-6.


The invention provides, without forming recesses and protrusions in excess of 1 μm by the surface treatment of copper, ensuring the adhesive strength of the copper surface and the insulating layer, the copper surface treatment to improve the insulation reliability between the wiring and copper and that for the purpose. In order to solve this, the step of forming a precious metal than copper on the copper surface are discretely and, and that the step of thermally oxidizing the surface of copper by using an alkaline solution containing an oxidizing agent, and then to dissolve the copper oxide and the surface treatment of copper removed by the method having the step of.


Children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) experience functional impairment due to joint manifestations of the disease. The aim of our present study was to assess health‐related quality of life (HRQOL) and its predictors in a group of children and adolescents with JIA.


The article presents the results of empirical research of life orientations of teachers of various educational institutions of Izhevsk: secondary schools; secondary schools with an integrated model of education (co-education of children with disabilities and healthy children); schools for children with disabilities. D.A. Leontiev conducted the study using a test «Smyslozhiznennye orientatsii (Life-meaning orientations); and as the result the data were obtained: overall meaningfulness of life has the highest value at teachers of schools with an integrated model of education that leads to the assumption that a well-organized professional activity of teachers, promoting meaningful professional life in general. Educators of schools have a low value of this indicator, what presumably corresponds to the low potential of personal meaningfulness of life. Indicator of meaningfulness of life of teachers of secondary schools for children with disabilities is in the zone of average values with a small deviation in the direction of low, which can also be regarded as a lack of organizational pedagogical conditions of work in the institutions of this type, less supporting to professional and personal growth of teachers. The results of this study may be useful to heads of educational institutions in the process of creating the conditions for the professional work of teachers.


Advanced plants of tree lucerne (Chamaecytisus prolifer (Lt.) Link), growing in field trials at the Orange Agricultural College and the Forestry Commission nursery at Four Mile Creek near Orange, N.S.w., showed symptoms of wilting and die-back during the summer and autumn of 1985. Plants growing in lower, wetter areas were affected more severely than plants in drier areas. A reddish brown discoloration of the vascular system was present in the base of diseased stems and extended in a V-shape, 1-2 cm up the stem. Sunken, ashy grey lesions 2-10 mm in diameter were present on the surface of the tap-root and some of the larger secondary roots. The fungus Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht was isolated consistently from diseased plants at both sites.


The less traumatic vestibuloplasty method was offered. There was a wound under the dilated mucous membrane of oral vestibule arch. Free wound surface at frenulum base of а lower lip allowed to avoid formation of vertical cicatrix during healing. The inflammatory phenomena in the wound area were not expressed within children who underwent surgical operation. Easily tolerant pain at conversation and eating was observed on the first day after the operation. Debridement was not difficult facilitating a postoperative care and healing.


Simple Summary Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Circulating tumor cells (CTC) are cancer cells that are disseminated in the bloodstream and may be responsible for early recurrence and poor rates of survival. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of 18 prospective studies comprising 1321 patients that reported CTC in resectable non-small cell lung cancer. Our analysis revealed that the presence of CTC in both the baseline and postoperative period was associated with an increased risk of recurrence and death compared to an absence of CTC in lung cancer patients. The results were independent of sources of CTC (peripheral, pulmonary vein), detection methods, and follow-up duration. CTCs hold a significant prognostic and predictive potential, as evident in our meta-analysis; however, heterogeneity of data, publication bias, and variable cut-off values limit its clinical utility. Abstract Background: In breast, prostate, and other epithelial tumors, circulating tumor cells (CTC) in peripheral blood may predict survival. Our study evaluated the prognostic significance of baseline and postoperative CTC in patients with early non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) through a meta-analytic approach. Methods: Prospective studies comparing survival outcomes between positive (CTC+) and negative CTC (CTC−) patients were systematically searched. Primary outcomes were overall (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) with hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) as the effect measure. Pooled HR determined the prognostic role under a fixed-effect or random-effect model depending on heterogeneity. Results: Eighteen studies with 1321 patients were eligible. CTC+ patients were associated with an increased risk of death (HR 3.53, 95% CI 2.51–4.95; p < 0.00001) and relapse (HR 2.97, 95% CI 2.08–4.22; p < 0.00001). Subgroup analysis results were consistent in different subsets, including time points (baseline and postoperative) and sources (peripheral and pulmonary vein) of blood collection, detection methods (label-free, label-dependent, and RT-PCR), and follow-up duration. Conclusion: Our meta-analysis revealed that CTC is a promising predictive biomarker for stratifying survival outcomes in patients with early-stage NSCLC. However, future studies are required to validate these findings and standardize detection methods.


China's trade with ASEAN exports of electromechanical products has well developed since China and ASEAN signed the "China-ASEAN Framework Agreement on Comprehensive Economic Cooperation" in 2002. Setting up CAFTA in 2010 brings a new opportunity to China to export its electromechanical products to ASEAN. ASEAN has become China's fourth largest export market of electromechanical products with steadily expanding exports, however, the trade of Chinese exports to ASEAN is restricted due to the lack of core technology, the homogenization of the export products and concentrated export market. Therefore, analyzing current situation and problems of China-ASEAN trade of electromechanical products' export, adjusting the structure of export products, developing multiple markets and improving the market China's export of electromechanical products in ASEAN will to promote the development of China's export of electromechanical products to ASEAN.


The present invention provides a method of manufacturing the liquid crystal display device. The production method of the invention, to form a photosensitive film on the substrate and proceeds to exposure and development to the photosensitive film to form the projection to increase the viewing angle of the liquid crystal. At this time, and there exist a variety of interlayer between the substrate and the transparent electrode, the upper surface of the substrate by a of which is formed to be flat, could not bend. According to the present invention, so that the exposure dose is based on the binary level at said bending area is formed in which the projections, so that the projection has the same size, by removing the photoresist layer in a different thickness can be formed. Liquid crystal, the substrate, the cutout, the projection, the color filter


Despite the modesty of hiska, they show a simple understanding of corbelling technique. One could say they are all examples
of human landscape cultivation. Although there is no evident common line when comparing all types of hiska, the cunning eye
may observe one shared feature: the positioning of the entrance.
More or less all the documented shelters have south or southwestern facing entrances. The burja is a cold northerly wind;
from the south (Adriatic Sea) the winds are warmer. When resting, the setting sun is taken as a sign of the ending of the working day
and a reward for the whole day's efforts. Entrances are the only openings to these structures, and they should serve as well as
possible - to watch over the crops, to wait when hunting, to enjoy the calm of evening light, to breathe the sea wind.
The syntax of the architectural language of layering stone and shaping the pattern of the landscape remain an inventive realisation
of spatial ideas from the past until today. Not only ideas of shaping space - these ideas are basic interventions in the natural habitat which contribute to survival. Culture and an awareness of its values
are the origins of local development and reasonable heritage preservation. The next step are tutorial days with workshops on how
to build dry stone structures, walls and other stone architecture, as the DSWA organisation in the UK is doing.


We give the concepts of K-quasi-sub-ortmatrix obtain the properties of these generalized matrices.Moreover,we obtain the properties of the K-anti-sub-orthogonal Matrix which are the special cases of K-sub-orthogonal Matrix respectively.In the end,we present the relations among these generalized matrices.


Objective: This case presents an unusual presentation of Buerger's disease. Design and method: We report a rare clinical presentation of TAO that may be of diagnostic clinical challenge at the onset. Results: Buerger's disease, also known as thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO), is a non-atherosclerotic, segmental inflammatory disease affecting small to medium-sized arteries and veins in the limbs. It is a rare disease seen mostly in young male smokers below 45 years of age. Disease course is typically gradual, progressing from claudication symptoms to rest pain eventually ischemic ulcers and gangrene. It is rare for patients to present with ischemic pain with rapid worsening in days. This is an interesting case of a 52-year-old male with no known past medical history who presented with digital ischemic rest pain. Initial investigations revealed mildly elevated inflammatory markers, while imaging studies showed thrombosis of bilateral radial and ulnar arteries, with dampened photoplethysmography. He was assessed to be unsuitable for endovascular intervention, consequently was treated medically with anticoagulants, statin, and prostaglandin analogue. He subsequently showed clinical improvement, with no compromise of his hand circulation, and was able to return to work. We report a rare clinical presentation of TAO that may be of diagnostic clinical challenge at the onset. Asians may be affected above the age of 50 years with acute fulminant progression to ischaemia and digital gangrene despite of aggressive medical treatment. Conclusions: Buerger's disease, or thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO), is a rare condition that presents a diagnostic challenge to many clinicians. Asians may be affected above the age of 50 years with acute fulminant progression to ischaemia and digital gangrene in spite of aggressive medical treatment.


Messenger RNA analysis of bone marrow is a potential examination to diagnose the quality of maxillofacial bone. Lysyl hydroxylases (LHs) are responsible for collagen cross-linking and determine bone quality. To investigate mRNA expression patterns of LHs in bone marrow with potentially different bone quality, we quantified the mRNA expression of LH isoforms (LH1, LH2, and LH3), type I collagen (COLI), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the mandibular and femoral bone marrows of three senescence-accelerated mouse (SAM) strains; the osteoporosis model SAMP6, mandibular osteoarthritis model SAMP8, and their control SAMR1. Total RNAs directly isolated from the bone marrows were used for reverse transcription and the products were then used to quantify mRNA expressions of the molecules using a real-time PCR assay. The expression levels of all the molecules varied in the mandibular and femoral bone marrows. The expression levels of COLI, ALP, and LH2 were higher in the mandibular than in the femoral bone marrow. In the mandibular bone marrow, the expression levels of COLI were significantly different among the three SAM strains. In both bone marrows, an association was observed between COLI and LH1 expressions, and between ALP and LH2 expressions. This study indicates that gene expression patterns of LH1 and LH2 in bone marrows are associated with those of developmental osteoblast markers and that the expression patterns of LH2 and the markers are different in mandibular and femoral bone marrows. Quantitative mRNA analysis of LHs in combination with developmental osteoblast markers in bone marrow may be useful to investigate their relationship with the quality of maxillofacial bone.


A close relationship between organic-matter content and bulk density was found in the acid till forest soils of the Green Mountains of Vermont. Reasonably good estimates of bulk density can be made from determinations of organic matter content. Thus, the difficulties of direct determination of bulk density in these stony soils can be avoided. A method of determining bulk density, including a correction for stone content, is described for use in these stony soils. View complete article To view this complete article, insert Disc 3 then click button8


Karl Marx is the first person raising five relative conclusions when exploring Human's Riddle,of which self-conciousness,thoughtfulness are the essence of human being and "Human is the higher essence of human being";"The characteristic of human being is the self-concious activity";"The essence of human being is the summary of his social relationships";and "What man needs is his essence".The contribution of Karl Marx for the solution to the riddle lies in the revolutionary breakthrough in methodology—from historical idealism to historical materialism.


The stent or stent-graft delivery system includes a stent-emitting components. The stent release component has a body and release collar. Release color extends proximally from the body. When tapered tip to place the stent are moved distally, release collar assists an automatic release of the proximal end of the stent. The stent or stent-graft delivery system may have a sleeve retaining adhesive wall components. Scan p sleeve retaining adhesive wall component has a body and Chakukabe color. Chakukabe collar extends distally from the body. Tapered tip is moved in the distal direction, when placing housed within the delivery system the stent, Chakukabe color automatically captures the tapered tip of the delivery system. When tapered tip is captured, the stent-emitting components that tapered tip is attached has the atraumatic outer profile. .FIELD 1


Summary L-3,3′,5-Triiodothyronine (T 3) potentiated epinephrine-induced contractions of isolated rabbit aortic strip only under the following conditions: 1) copper acetate (2 × 10-7) addition to the bath or 2) when trace metal contaminants were occasionally present in the bath, as suggested by short duration control responses to epinephrine. EDTA, a potent chelating agent, similarly potentiated epinephrine contractions. It was further demonstrated that T 3 delays metal-catalyzed oxidation of epinephrine in separate incubate experiments. This effect appears to be the major factor in potentiation of epinephrine contractions by T 3. It is further concluded that T 3 probably acts by virtue of its metal-chelating effect.


Ten pupils with moderate learning difficulties worked on a series of mathematics related activities while visiting a school providing a whole range of multi-media. The investigation suggests that IV has a particular contribution to make in meeting special educational needs. In addition to specific benefits in the teaching and learning of mathematics, the technology proved to be a facilitator in the areas of geography and life skills. There was also some evidence to suggest that IV can help to raise self-esteem, provide equal opportunities and support collaborative learning. Sense of ownership, language development and motivational characteristics, together with the promotion of attention and the accompanying benefit for teachers of the reduction of anxiety over discipline, are other factors suggesting the usefulness of the medium in this context.


Newly recalibrated version 6 Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) data are used as a reference measurement in a comparison of monthly means of total ozone in 10 degree latitude zones from SBUV/2 and the nadir measurements from TOMS. These comparisons indicate a roughly linear long-term drift in SBUV/2 total ozone relative to TOMS of about 2.5 Dobson units per year at the equator over the first three years of SBUV/2. The pari justification technique is also applied to the SBUV/2 measurements in a manner similar to that used for SBUV and TOMS. The higher solar zenith angles associated with the afternoon orbit of NOAA-9 and the large changes in solar zenith angle associated with its changing equator crossing time degrade the accuracy of the pair justification method relative to its application to SBUV and TOMS, but the results are consistent with the SBUV/2-TOMS comparisons, and show a roughly linear drift in SBUV/2 of 2.5 to 4.5 Dobson units per year in equatorial ozone.


We present a method to calculate the derivative of a functional that depends on the shape of a body immersed in an acoustic media. The functional depends implicitly on the shape through the solution of an exterior acoustic problem. The derivative is calculated in terms of the solution of the primal problem and an auxiliary problem, the adjoint problem. An important aspect of this method is that the cost of calculating the derivative is independent of the number of parameters used to represent the shape of the body. This allows for efficient solution of optimization problems in structural acoustics.


The number of certifications based on ISO 14001 has been growing every year in Brazil and worldwide. The ISO 14000 series is structured to provide practical tools to assist the implementation of actions to support sustainable development and may be useful in the continuous improvement of certified environmental management systems. If organizations do not use other standards in the series can be, at least, losing an opportunity to ensure continuous improvement, with which they agree in their environmental policies. In addition to the development of an international standard resources are needed that involve dedication of experts, national and international trips, outreach events etc. But the return of the application of such resources is not measured in terms of use of the knowledge generated in the preparation of the standard. Based on this context and because it is a technical issue, already established in the market, which has not been the focus of systematic studies, this is an exploratory research, which has the overall objective to analyze the level of knowledge in standards and evaluate the perception of EMS managers about the importance of the content of the standards for the implementation, maintenance and improvement of systems. Initially a survey of academic publications on every standard of ISO 14000 series was realized. A field research was conducted through a questionnaire sent to managers of certified EMS, to identify levels of knowledge and importance of each standard and how much these standards were effectively used in the EMS. Finally, it is concluded that, in general, the standards are poorly known by the target group of the survey. There was a slightly higher level of knowledge of the standards published in Brazil. Regarding the other aspects, although EMS managers consider that the standards have a considerable level of importance to the management system, standards are not used effectively in the implementation, maintenance and improvement of certified EMSs.


Two guiding new phenomenological flavor and flavor-electroweak ideas are expounded in this paper: (I) Oppositeness relation between neutrino and Charged Lepton Mass-Degeneracy-Deviation quantities. With inputs from the mass and neutrino oscillation data, it enables two independent estimations of the neutrino masses m =(0.11-0.30)eV and m =(0.11-0.16) eV. Small value of the neutrino oscillation hierarchy parameter is a consistency condition. (II) Essential connection between lepton mass hierarchies and low energy electroweak coupling constants. It enables an independent estimation of the QD-neutrino mass m = (0.11-0.14) eV, and renders three sequential charged lepton copies into one flavor system with the elementary charge encoded in the three-flavor mass hierarchy. An exact relation between the fine structure constant at Q2=0 and the experimental charged lepton mass-ratio parameter exp(-5) is observed. Experimental evidence is suggesting that this parameter has physical meaning of a dimensionless universal parameter that links flavor and electroweak quantities in accord with the guiding idea (II).


Deep convolutional neural networks is playing very important role to solve computer vision task in these decades. In this research has shown implementation state of art face recognition methods and compared them. Advantages and disadvantages of Convolutional and Siamese neural networks is explored for the face recognition task. The novel face recognition system accuracy is checked on the widely used Labelled Faces in the Wild (LFW) dataset. In the study has introduced concepts of triplet loss function. Experiment results can be useful for the developers who is going to create AI applications such as Security system, Self-learning, Visitor analysis system, Face recognition system, Face verification system and many more.


The LPG desulfurization unit in CNOOC Huizhou Refining Chemical Company has been operating at a high regeneration load in the last 2 years and LPG corrosion has been out of control.The problem has been solved through the optimization of absorption and stabilization systems and reduction of H2S in LPG as well as revamping of desulfurization regeneration section.The off-specification of oil in LPG is mainly attributed to higher density of and higher coke in reformate solvent oil.The solution is to replace reformate with raffinate oil.The off-specification of LPG corrosion is caused by higher H2S,liquid carry-over and inappropriate liquid sampling.After expansion revamping of the unit,revamping of liquid sampling nozzle at the bottom of LPG spherical tank and addition of desulfurization facilities for LPG from hydrogenation unit,the corrosion problem has been solved.In addition,water scrubbing facilities have been installed to solve the problems of caustic carry-over of coker LPG and amine carry-over of hydrogenation LPG.As the results,the LPG corrosion problems have been tackled.


The focus of the article is the ballet «Lady Peak» by the modern St. Petersburg composer Gennady Ivanovich Banshchikov, which is an original artistic interpretation of the story of the Russian writer Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin «Queen of Spades». The relevance of the study is that, on the one hand, the composer's creative heritage has not yet received a comprehensive understanding in musicology, many compositions are waiting for their researcher. On the other hand, the performance of G. Banshchikov presents an original interpretation of the semantic ideas laid down by the genius of the word in the story. The analysis of the ballet revealed the specifics of the author's reading, which consists in the implementation at all levels of drama of the card atmosphere, the generation of which was Pushkin's «Queen of Spades». The results of the study make it possible to attribute the ballet of G. Banshchikov to one of the bright artistic peaks in the history of musical and stage incarnations of the story. At the same time, through the prism of the literary source, the composer actualizes serious philosophical topics in «Queen of Spades», integrating into the leading trends in the development of domestic art of the late 20th century


Crossly overloaded teaching programs and traditional teaching forms and methods are predominant features of our educational system. Due to the lack of external evaluation and complete analyses of the existing system of education there are no relevant indicators of its efficiency (attainments in individual teaching subjects, or the school system on the whole). The research results presented in this paper show the level of acquisition of biology curricular contents among students with science - mathematics dominants in gymnasia and other secondary schools. They are the results of the analysis of the achievements of 497 candidates at the biology test, which is one of entry examinations at the Faculty of Medicine in Novi Sad. The average achievement was 17.52 points (58.69%) which is a relatively low value, especially if a consideration is given to the fact that candidates usually have additional preparations for university entry exams. The lack of correlation between the candidates' general attainment and biology grades in secondary school, and their achievements at the biology test, indicates a low level and poor quality of their knowledge of this subject, but also reveals weaknesses in current teaching programmes and textbooks for biology.


The article deals with an impact of the former agriculture land abandonment on biotic properties of soils. In order to better comprehend the processes of spontaneous reforestation (sylvatisation) in a mountain region (the Pohartsi boundary, Koziova village, Stryi district, Lviv regionthe (Skolivski Beskydy physiographic region, the Ukrainian Carpathians) four study plots were selected representing the successional sequence: forest → pasture → hay meadow → arable lands. The study revealed that indicators of microbiological activity is positively affected by the forest floor presence. A zone of the highest soil biotic activity coincides with the limits of the humus horizon Н. Getting deeper into soil profile microbiological activity falls manifold due to changes in physical, hydrophysical and physical-chemical soil properties. In the pasture lands that were least affected by the past agricultural activities, we found both increase and decrease in soil biotic properties. This is foremost caused by the environmental changes. Absence of the forest floor, as a major nutrient source, leads to the 30% decrease in the biomass microorganisms while soil pH shift from a largely to moderately acidic reaction causes 1,5-times higher catalase activity. The latter was the highest in the former pasture lands among all study plots and was assessed as "moderate". Increase in the urease activity was documented, as well. However its highest values were measured in upper soil horizons of both past and present arable lands. Such an increase of the urease activity is caused by application of organic fertilizers. Despite slightly acidic reaction of the soil water extract from upper horizons of ploughed-up soils the catalase activity here decreases up to 2–2.5 times. This is caused by deterioration of hydric and aeration properties of soils due to their compaction. We noted manifold decrease in the С-СО2 production, as well. The most optimal soil parameters were characteristic for the hay meadow plot despite being significantly affected by anthropogenic activities while the succession of 'arable lands → pasture → hay meadow' took a path. Similar moderate soil biotic activity was distinguished for the former pasture land plots. This indicates on the self-restoration and self-regulation capacities of natural ecosystems in the region. We concluded that major indicators of soil biotic activity in the past arable lands are the urease activity, microbial biomass, and soil respiration. The catalase activity makes an additional value for soil degradation assessment of the post-agricultural land uses.


The transfer functions of single and dual interferometric cavities were measured with 1300nm high power, tuneable fibre laser with a coherence length of 20mm. The interferrogram of the dual cavity is complex. The positions of the surfaces in the cavities were determined using Fast Fourier transforms. A feature of the dual cavity is an increase in the 'effective' coherence length of the source, illuminating a simple common path interferometer. A 4*1 optical switch was incorporated with the laser allowing near simultaneous data to be recorded from up to 4 probes. A potential application for a dual cavity probe is discussed.


Abstract : This presentation proposes development of methods of M&S analysis of materiel and personnel solutions for Squad decisiveness. As part of the ARDEC contribution to the effort, the Target Behavioral Response Laboratory (TBRL) was tasked with development of methods to incorporate laboratory data from human experimentation into the IWARS. This presentation will be on a literature review in support of this effort. The main goals of this literature review are to determine 1) entry-points for data into IWARS, 2) appropriate data for collection under laboratory conditions for entry into IWARS, 3) empirically derived quantitative relationships among leadership, training, and cohesiveness measures and Squad performance that can be entered into IWARS. Results It is possible to use modeling and simulation methods in systems engineering data-based analyses of solutions relevant to Squad performance. The most information for model development and simulation is gained by configuring fine-grained data collection under real operational circumstances, realistic operational training, or under controlled laboratory conditions. Use of archival data for solution effect on Squad performance is not at a high enough resolution for insertion into the IWARS simulation application. Inserting data that has been specifically collected for insertion into IWARS is the most valid approach for seeding simulations (versus use of data collected for other uses). Based on this brief review of the literature, these recommendations can be made. Design of data collection should be performed by behavioral scientists using human experimentation methods in collaboration with computational engineers familiar with IWARS or the simulation program to be used for analysis. Standardized methods and paradigms for laboratory testing of effects of materiel and personnel solutions for Squad performance and insertion into modeling and simulation should be developed.


According to modern concepts, for the development of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) in predisposed individuals, additional factors are necessary, which today are considered as complement-activating states. The most common of them are infections, pregnancy and childbirth, autoimmune diseases, transplantation of bone marrow and solid organs, some medications. Less commonly, aHUS is preceded by malignant arterial hypertension and glomerular kidney disease. Clinical observation of a patient suffering from a steroid-sensitive relapsing nephrotic syndrome (NS) for 10 years, in which after a viral infection first increased blood pressure, developed impaired renal function and hematological manifestations of thrombotic microangiopathy (ТМА), is given. In the presented observation, aHUS developed as a "second disease" in a patient with previously diagnosed glomerular kidney disease, which led to the rapid progression of chronic kidney disease with the development of terminal renal failure. This is evidenced by the nature of the course of the disease – NS recurring after acute respiratory viral infections, not accompanied by changes in urine sediment, arterial hypertension, impaired renal function and easily stopped by corticosteroids with rapid disappearance of proteinuria and normalization of protein blood counts. The change in the clinical picture of nephritis after a herpes zoster infection made us think about the development of a second renal disease of a different nature, other than glomerulonephritis. Undoubted AKI, combined with severe anemia and thrombocytopenia, was the basis for the exclusion of primarily TMA. The exclusion of TTP, STEC-HUS and the most common causes of secondary TMA made it possible to diagnose atypical HUS. The role of NS in the development of TMA is discussed. Blood coagulation disorders and VEGF-dependent mechanisms are considered as possible mechanisms.


The Kibara belt (KIB) in the Maniema province hosts orebodies bearing cassiterite-wolframite, which are associated with equigranular to pegmatitic late Mesoproterozoic (1094–755 Ma) granites and Sn-W bearing quartz veins that cut through metasedimentary country rocks. Alteration assemblages of muscovite-quartz (±topaz-fluorite-tourmaline) occur in the granites, and muscovite-sericite-quartz occurs in Sn-W quartz veins. Petrographic analyses, including cathodoluminescence (SEM-CL) on cassiterite grains, reveal two types of cassiterite: yellow transparent cassiterite (lighter under SEM-CL: type I) and dark translucent cassiterite (darker under SEM-CL: type II). These types are organized in micro-textures as oscillatory (growth) zones and replacement zones (type II replaces type I). Unlike cassiterite, wolframite is texturally homogenous. LA-ICP-MS results reveal that type II cassiterite is relatively enriched in Fe, Al, Ga, In, As, Pb, Zn, and U, whereas type I is enriched in V, Ti, Zr, Ta, Hf, and Nb. Contrasting Ce anomaly values in the cassiterite types suggest a transition of redox potentials during the Sn precipitation. Fluid inclusion assemblages (FIAs) in quartz, fluorite, and cassiterite are dominantly aqueous, liquid- or vapor-rich, and rarely carbonic-bearing aqueous inclusions. These often texturally coexist in a single "boiling" assemblage in granites. Raman spectroscopy on the bubble part of fluid inclusions in quartz and cassiterite shows various gas species, including CO2, CH4, N2, and H2. Boiling assemblages in the granites suggest that fluid phase separation occurred at about 380–610 bars, which is about 1–2 km (lithostatic) or 3–5 km (hydrostatic) in apparent paleodepth. FIAs in the granites show ranges of salinities of 4–23 wt.% (NaCl equivalent) and homogenization temperatures (Th) of 190–550 °C. FIAs hosted in cassiterite displayed distinctively lower and narrower ranges of salinities of 2–10 wt.% and Th of 220–340 °C compared to the FIAs hosted in quartz in the granites (salinity of 4–23 wt.%, Th of 190–550 °C) and the quartz veins (salinity of 1–23 wt.%, Th of 130–350 °C). This suggests a less salinized and cooler fluid during the cassiterite precipitation. We suggest that magmatic-derived Sn-W bearing fluids be mixed with less saline and cooler aqueous fluids, possibly meteoric water, during the major cassiterite and possibly wolframite depositions in the KIB. This is based on (1) temperature and salinities, (2) hydrothermal alterations, (3) cassiterite micro-textures, and (4) trace element distributions.


In 2014 the first experimental observation of the quantum Chesire Cat effect was made using neutron interferometry [T. Denkmayr et al., Nat. Commun. 5 (2014)]. By pre and postselecting the neutrons, i.e. adjusting the spin and path state, in which they enter the interferometer, and which state they need to have in order to reach the detector, a seemingly paradox situation can arise. A weak intermediate interaction involving the spin will have an influence on the intensity at the detector only on one arm of the interferometer – this is the cat's grin. Another interaction probing the path influences the intensity only on the other arm – the cat's body is spatially separated from its grin. Nevertheless, there is a drawback in the experiment of 2014; the interaction of the beam with a weak absorber used in order to measure the path is not of unitary nature and can only be made for one path at a time. A new experiment carried out in the course of this master thesis seeks to demonstrate this effect – the separation of body and grin – simultaneously, unlike the 2014 experiment, where measurements were made consecutively. For this purpose a new way of attaining the path information was implemented using the neutron's energy degree of freedom as a which-way marker, inspired by multiphoton exchange processes, that leave the spin unchanged. The experiment was conducted at the Institute Laue-Langevin in Grenoble, France. The final results qualitatively agree with the theory and show the separation of the cat from its grin.


Liquid-desiccant dehumidification system in building air-conditioning has high energy efficiency in comparison to traditional dehumidification technology that needs to cool air below the dew point temperature. Since the dehumidification process dominates the performance of a liquid-desiccant system, this study aims to develop a deeper understanding in the dehumidification performance of some liquid desiccants. Then, an experiment test was conducted to determine the CaCl2-LiCl mixed liquid-desiccant system in a dehumidification system. The effects of the pure and mixture liquid desiccant solution on the moisture removal rate, refrigerating capacity and dehumidification performance were compared and analysed. Results show that with the increase in the LiCl concentration, the dehumidification capacity and dehumidification coefficient first increased rapidly and then increased slowly after 30% LiCl concentration. According to the economic analysis of mixed salt solution, the mixed LiCl and CaCl2 solution with a mixing ratio of 3:1 would achieve the best optimal dehumidification efficiency and would incur a low system cost under the working conditions of a dry-bulb temperature at 26°C and a relative humidity of 60% of fresh and return air.


Introduction:
 Time-limited dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) with aspirin and clopidogrel has emerged as an important treatment modality for secondary stroke prevention in patients with symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic disease, minor stroke, or high-risk transient ischemic attack. However, continuation beyond the indicated treatment period may expose patients to bleeding risk without additional benefit.

 Methods:
 We conducted a retrospective study of a prospectively maintained registry (the Get-With-The-Guidelines database at our hospital) evaluating patients discharged on time-limited DAPT for secondary stroke prevention between January 1st, 2019 and July 31st, 2020. Intended and actual duration of therapy were extracted from clinical notes and prescription records. We assessed the frequency of inappropriate continuation within the entire cohort and performed univariate analyses to assess for differences in outcome with respect to clinical and demographic characteristics, including social determinants of health (such as race and primary spoken language).

 Results:
 Of the 127 patients included, 17 (13%) had inappropriately prolonged treatment with DAPT. Black patients had a significantly higher incidence of inappropriate continuation than non-Black patients and individuals speaking languages other than English or Spanish exhibited a trend toward more frequent occurrence. Patients intended to transition to monotherapy with clopidogrel and those initially presenting with stroke (rather than transient ischemic attack) had similar trends toward more frequent occurrence.

 Conclusions:
 Our study represents the first attempt to approximate the incidence of inappropriate prolongation of time-limited DAPT for secondary stroke prevention at a hospital caring for a large underserved population. Our results suggest that social determinants of health may contribute to this phenomenon, but further studies are required to replicate our observations in larger multicenter cohorts. Systems-based interventions should be aimed at ensuring proper duration of therapy to minimize bleeding risk and other side effects.


This paper investigates the on-line autonomous distribution for landmarks and the active exploration in environment without or lack of landmarks/features, such as disaster conditions and polar region. In such situation, the robot enters the environment carrying some landmarks and distributes them according to the rules given in this paper. The utility of the landmark distribution is analyzed. Then, based on the extended Kalman filter (EKF), the active exploration is converted into a problem of multi-objective optimization, in which the objective function includes three aspects, i.e. the accuracy of localization and mapping, the predictive area of the unknown environment that will be explored in next step and the information gain provided by the distributed landmarks respectively. The robot chooses the control input that optimizes the objective function such that accurate localization, high-quality mapping and complete exploration will be realized. And then, the supplementation and the redundancy elimination for landmarks are implemented. At last, a set of simulations is presented to show the effectiveness of our approach.


The problem of designing an observer for nonlinear Lipschitz systems affected by system and sensor noises is addressed. Related to the system nonlinearity, the stability of observer dynamic with static and dynamic gain is considered. The advantage of using dynamic gain to deal with large Lipschitz nonlinearity is discussed and it is proved that no dynamic gain can stabilise the observer for a larger Lipschitz constant as compared with the static gain. However, a nonlinear observer with dynamic gain has some additional degrees of freedom which can be utilised to attenuate noise effect on the observer behaviour. Using mixed and criteria, this article introduces a method to obtain a dynamic gain which can deal with system nonlinearity and noise simultaneously. The effectiveness of the proposed method is finally demonstrated by some simulation results.


In this paper, we propose new circuit architectures dedicated for throughput improvement of iterative threshold decoder for the convolutional self-doubly orthogonal codes. A new pipeline strategy for the iterative threshold decoder is proposed which allows breaking down the critical path and then decreasing the processing delay. This proposed pipelining approach is based on a retiming technique. Consequently, an improvement in the throughput (4.56 times faster) of the decoder which could reach now 192.86 MHz is obtained at the cost of a very small increase in complexity (6.05 %).


The art of science writing is perhaps the most difficult skill to inculcate in students, where lack of practice in science writing often manifest as significant phobia at writing up one's research for publication or thesis submission. Using preprints as a form of updatable writing on the Internet, graduate students could be given training in exercising their critical thinking on published research, as well as the ability to dissect and re-frame a research question through a series of writing assignments ranging from post-publication peer review to constant documentation of one's research project and experiment findings. Specifically, students could post, on a monthly basis, a preprint that articulates their ideas, thinking and critique on a piece of published research that could serve as exercise of their broad scale thinking and ability at identifying gaps in research. On the other hand, students could also post, at regular intervals, new preprints that chronicle a segment of their research work, which while allowing students to gain credit for their work, also provide practice for science writing. Thus, by lowering the barrier of entry to an online publication, preprints is a publication format that could be utilized in teaching the fine art of science writing through regular practice by students.


Filiopietism thus became the dominant motive for preservationists and collectors alike. George Washington's Mount Vernon and many another national shrine would not otherwise have survived. The perceived evils of industrialism, especially the massive quantities of cheap consumer goods, were another factor that stimulated the collecting of antiquities. Efforts to save or revive handcrafts by such figures as John Ruskin, Charles Eastlake, and William Morris lent a romantic aura to the handmade object while the craftsman himself was elevated to a status seldom found in preindustrial societies. Handcrafted furniture was more "honest" and, hence, more "moral" than the products of the factories of Grand Rapids and Cincinnati. Filiopietism and the reaction to industrialism combined to create a compelling motive for Americans to collect the furnishings of their ancestors. Furniture and silver in particular became


Tuberculosis (TB) remains the leading cause of death from a curable infectious disease1 , despite the availability of short-course therapy that can be both inexpensive and effective. Clinical management of cases in developing countries is hampered by the lack of a simple and effective diagnostic test. Correct diagnosis of TB is needed to improve treatment, reduce transmission, and control development of drug resistance. In patients with active pulmonary TB, only an estimated 45% of infections are detected by sputum microscopy2 . This test, first developed in the 1880s and basically unchanged today, has the advantage of being simple, but is hampered by very low sensitivity: it may only detect half of all cases with active infection. It is also very dependent on the skill of the technician, and a single technician can only process a relatively small number of slides per day3 . Furthermore, a staggering three million people who present annually with suspected TB may not be properly diagnosed, because their infection (so-called smear-negative disease) cannot be detected by sputum microscopy4 . There are specific epidemiological factors that present additional challenges to TB diagnosis. HIV infection is thought to be a major contributor to the increase in TB incidence across the world2 . An estimated 9% of adults globally with newly diagnosed TB are HIV positive, but this rate is 31% in Africa5 . HIV co-infection with TB presents challenges to effective diagnosis of TB and diagnosis can also be more difficult in children. The rapid rise of drug-resistant (DR) TB has further complicated TB diagnosis6 . Tests that measure drug susceptibility are essential to monitor the spread of resistant TB strains, and ensure that patients are given effective treatment. The recent cluster of so-called extensively drug resistant (XDR) TB cases in South Africa were untreatable by any available drugs, and had a devastating mortality rate: 52 of 53 patients died7 . New diagnostic tests that are simple and robust enough to be used in the field, accurate enough to diagnose all infected individuals, and able to identify drug resistance are desperately needed, and represent an essential complement to new drug development efforts and to effective control and treatment programmes.


ABSTRACT This paper presents the potential of airborne LiDAR digital terrain model (DTM) for engineering geological mapping in geologically complex and forested area. The multipurpose, comprehensive engineering geological map is created for the pilot area (16.75 km2) located in the Vinodol Valley, Croatia. Eight topographic datasets were derived from 1-m DTM and visually interpreted to identify lithologies and geomorphological processes. In total, 12 engineering geological units, more than 500 landslides, and gully erosion phenomena are outlined in the pilot area. Results confirmed the greatest potential of visual interpretation of LiDAR derivatives for mapping of geomorphological processes in a large scale. On the other hand, this method allowed identification and mapping of engineering formations that are basic engineering geological units appropriate for the medium-scale engineering geological maps. The produced map represents a valuable tool for a wide range of planning and engineering purposes, as well as for geological hazard and risk assessment.


Visual acuity measurement is a critical tool in the clinical assessment of visual function and in the identification of changes affecting the visual system. Traditionally, visual acuity is measured with letter charts with black letters presented in high contrast against a white background. While authoritative bodiesl.2 have made various recommendations about test chart design and calibration of optotypes, there is not a universally accepted standard. It has become common in clinical research to use charts which follow the design principles of Bailey and Lovie3 which ensure that the task is essentially the same at all size levels so that size remains the only significant variable. This requires that the chart has rows of optotypes descending in size in constant ratio steps, there should be the same number of optotypes at each size level, the spacing between adjacent optotypes and successive rows should be proportional to optotype size, and optotypes should have approximately equal legibility and they should be combined so that each row forms a set with equal difficulty. Spacing ratios can have a significant effect on the visual acuity scores4 of normally sighted subjects and in patients with amblyopia or with macular disorders, visual acuity performance can become substantially reduced when the task becomes more crowded and congested.5


Since the 1960s, environmental stresses in the industrialized world have shifted from predominantly local to global scale, from separate to increasingly tightly coupled stresses, and from readily observable acute stresses to subtle, chronic, and long-term ones. Central challenges in sucessful governance of the environment over the next few decades will involve developing more effective ways to integrate high quality, objective scientific and technical assessment with key decision needs; learning more effective processes for managing under uncertainty and responding adaptively to advances in knowledge; and effectively coordinating inevitably shared authority and capacity across multiple levels of government and between diverse public and private actors.


The euro area recovery is progressing at a moderate, but firming pace. The economy has now posted positive real GDP growth for 14 consecutive quarters. The unemployment rate is back to a single-digit figure. Economic sentiment is at the highest level recorded in almost 6 years. The monetary policy measures the ECB has taken over the past few years have contributed decisively to these positive developments.


Traditional iterative tomographic reconstruction methods resort togradient decent methods andrequire significant computation duetoslowconvergence. Wedivide theiterative reconstruction into twostages intheimageandRadonspaces, respectively. First, werefine thereconstruction result byimagespace adaptive filtering. Thisfinds afeasible update direction based onsignal modeling. Second, weminimize the discrepancy between thesinograms along theupdate direction inRadonspace andguarantee convergence. Reconstruction fromclinical data using theproposed algorithm converges extremely fast andprovides satisfactory reconstruction results in farfewer iterations thantraditional methods. IndexTerms-Imagereconstruction, medical imaging, adaptive filters, medical diagnosis, iterative methods, tomography, optimization methods, Radontransforms


To optimize a protective medium for freeze‐dried Pichia membranifaciens and to evaluate biocontrol efficacies of agents against blue and green mould and anthracnose in citrus fruit.


OBJECTIVE To standardize the classification,collection and transportation of the medical wastes in our hospital. METHODS A Manual of Administrative Measures for Medical Wastes was set according to the Regulations on Medical Waste Management stipulated by State Council.Field investigation,supervision,management and adjustment had been carried out.RESULTS The medical waste was strictly collected and separated in clinical departments.The dispensable sharp wastes should be collected in a special container.We adopted medical wastes preservation management in our hospital and records should be made when the staff exchange.The mixed medical wastes have been solved.While transporting the medical wastes,closed vans should be used in order to avoid wastes left on the road.After our measures were put in place good achievement was made.CONCLUSIONS Standardized training on separation,collection,transportation,preservation and settlement of medical wastes should be carried out among medical staff at all levels.The facilities for medical wastes settlement should be improved.Investigation,supervision and adjustment in this regard should be strengthened.


This article reveals the commonness between Western classical tragedies and those of China——the "psychological compensation".Focusing on the "psychological compensation",which is dominant in the former and recessive in the latter,it shows that the general character of classical tragedy emerges from both of them——to produce a feeling of pity and fear,so as to criticize the misreading "No tragedy in China and tragedy only in the West ".


A method to search the design parameters for optimum stage matching has been used based on a 1-D mathematical model of a compressor, which uses the data obtained from the preliminary test to identify the design parameters. This methodology was applied with a two-stage axial compressor, which was originally designed for a helicopter gas turbine engine. After identifying design parameters using preliminary test data, an optimization process has been employed to achieve the best matching between the stages(i.e., maximum efficiency of the compressor at its operation modes within a given range of the rotor speed under given restrictions for required stall margins and mass flow). 3-D flow calculations have been performed to confirm the usefulness of the corrections based on 1-D mathematical model. Calculational results agree well with the experimental data in view of the performance characteristics. Some promising results were produced through the methodology proposed in this paper in conjunction with flow calculations.


Policies for poverty alleviation and forest management in the Lao PDR aim to reduce unsustainable rates of wildlife hunting and trade while increasing rural food security. This paper present household surveys that were conducted in 24 villages, made up of six ethnic groups in Luangnamtha province, to evaluate the harvest, consumption, and trade of 56 species of commonly used mammals, birds, and reptiles. Results were compared with the national policy for achieving sustainable harvest rates of managed species as well as food security. Findings indicated that small mammals and birds are consumed weekly in the majority of households, that the abundance of all reptiles, large mammals and birds available for harvest is declining, and that most families maintained a preference for wild versus domestic meat. Results suggest that wildlife is an important component of the diet in many households and that current harvest rates of most species is probably unsustainable. Recommendations are made for developing village models of sustainable wildlife use for subsistence.


The recent development of REBCO superconducting tapes, cabling methods and joint concepts could be a revolutionary development for magnetic fusion. REBCO has better performance at high magnetic fields than traditional low temperature superconductors (LTS), and can be operated at a higher temperature than LTS for reduced thermodynamic cost of cooling. Use of REBCO superconductors in the magnet systems of tokamaks allows building demountable toroidal field (TF) coils, greatly simplifying reactor construction and maintenance. A demountable 20 T TF coil system with REBCO superconductors for an Aries-I class reactor has been conceptually designed. The coils have two elongated areas, one in the top of the coil and another in the outer midplane, where the mechanical and electrical demountable joints are located. The mechanical joints are closer to the inner part of the coil to reduce displacements and loads in the electrical joints. The electrical joints are composed of REBCO superconductor covered with copper for mechanical protection. The mechanical joints are composed by dovetail structures in the top, and are supported by bolts in the outer midplane.


This investigation examines the dynamics associated with soliciting intimate information from consumers via computers. Experiment 1 identifies two factors--reciprocity and sequence--that affect the likelihood that people will reveal intimate information about themselves via a computer. Experiment 2 provides evidence that intimate information exchanges can affect how consumers behave in subsequent interactions. Implications for marketing research and practice are discussed. Copyright 2000 by the University of Chicago.


We establish the relation of the second virial coefficient of certain (μ̃, q)-deformed Bose gas model, recently proposed by the authors in [Ukr. J. Phys., 2013], to the interaction and compositeness parameters when either of these factors is taken into account separately. When the interaction is dealt with, the deformation parameter becomes linked directly to the scattering length, and the effective radius of interaction (in general, to scattering phases). The additionally arising temperature dependence is a new feature absent in the deformed Bose gas model within adopted interpretation of the deformation parameters μ̃ and q. Here the problem of the temperature dependence is analyzed in detail and its possible solution is proposed.


This paper presented a detailed analysis and up-to-date performance evaluation using the band parameters for the technologically important III–V compound semiconductors heterostructures of InGaAs/GaAs and AlGaAs/GaAs in terms of gain spectrum along with their wavelength variation with respect to quantum well/barrier thickness, relaxation time and concentration. Using the vast literature review of the consistent parameter sets and energy transition is evaluated by applying model of solid theory for both materials. Emphasizing the effect of strain over lattice structure band structure calculations are performed using simulated mathematical model. The results are evaluated by simulated model by considering the direct and indirect energy gaps, crystal field splitting, bowing parameters, effective masses for electrons, heavy, light, and split-off holes, Luttinger parameters, interband momentum matrix elements, and lattice deformation at specific temperature and different alloy-composition concentration.


In this joint experimental and theoretical work, we investigate collective electronic excitations (plasmons) in free-standing, single-layer graphene. The energy- and momentum-dependent electron energy-loss function was measured up to 50 eV along two independent in-plane symmetry directions (�M andK ) over the first Brillouin zone by momentum-resolved electron energy-loss spectroscopy in a transmission electron microscope. We compare our experimental results with corresponding time-dependent density-functional theory calculations. For finite momentum transfers, good agreement with experiments is found if crystal local-field effects are taken intoaccount.Inthelimitofsmallandvanishingmomentumtransfers,wediscussdifferencesbetweencalculations and the experimentally obtained electron energy-loss functions of graphene due to a finite momentum resolution and out-of-plane excitations.


As strategic human resource management (SHRM) continues to grow as an important issue for organizations, it is imperative to examine all factors that contribute to the success and failure of the organization's human resources (HR) and strategy implementation. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that organizational culture should be an integral factor when considering SHRM. The authors also present a model for the strategy-culture-SHRM linkage and propositions to guide future research.,The authors present a conceptual model proposing organizational culture as a moderator of the relationship between an organization's strategy and SHRM.,In addition to the conceptual model, the authors present a number of testable propositions for determining how firm performance and effectiveness may depend on the linkage between strategy and the utilization of HR as a competitive advantage.,Currently, there is a lack of research regarding the conceptualization of organizational culture as a moderator between an organization's strategy and SHRM. We discuss the importance of the alignment of HR both as a source of competitive advantage and an influence on an organization's strategy. The authors integrate the current research to create arguments for testable propositions and future research directions. The authors also argue that misalignments may occur which may prove detrimental to the organization.


The background to a major study into the corrosion characteristics of steel reinforcement within portland and blended cement concretes is presented. The objectives of this work included an investigation into relationships between chloride ion concentration and the onset and rate of steel corrosion in concrete. Corrosion activity of steel reinforcement within concrete specimens was measured using procedures including half cell potential, resistivity and potentiodynamic anodic polarization. A total of 4 binder types which included a slag blended cement and a fly ash blended cement were used. The development of a procedure to electrochemically measure the corrosion rate of steel in concrete slab specimens partially immersed in chloride solutions is described.


World ecological crisis since the 20th century makes people pay attention to Marks' ecological thought.Marks' Economics in 1844—the Manuscript of Philosophy has already had the thought of the ecological esthetics.Marks' thought reveals that people are the direct nature and also tells us the relation between people and nature,the fact alienation labor tramples upon people and oppresses nature.The harmonious relation among people and that between people and the nature.


A test was conducted using two high density discharge lamps, the H2D and the structurally new H4D. They were tested for luminous illumination and luminous temperature in the day and night time. The test was conducted without crippling the performance of the H2D by adding a magnetic actuator, enabling it to move left to right, and up and down. By making these modifications we constructed a sample of the H4D. We compared the H2D and the H4D sample's luminous illumination and luminous temperature by using a photometer and a digital thermometer in the day and night time. We discovered that the H2D and H4D performed similarly from the data we gathered. Now we know the H4D has potential use and extensive research needs to be made to gather more detailed data.


The customer relationship management (CRM) is a concept to been recognized well until now for enhancing the enterprise's competitive capability. Except for CRM, supplier relationship management (SRM) can be viewed as opposite thinking direction for the relationship management between suppliers and enterprises. In this study, we developed a life cycle model to implement SRM according to the thinking of CSLC model. Herein, we called it as supplier service life cycle (SSLC) model. Besides, we know that the technique of intelligent agents (IAs) had been applied well on the issue of electronic commerce (EC). Hence, we designed an integrated multi-agent system (MAS) framework to achieve the relationship management since achieving CRM and SRM simultaneously for supply chain management (SCM). In this study, the definition of MAS workflow models and types of coordination mechanism are also constructed in detailed.


This article examines the impact of patent scope on firm value. I develop a proxy for patent scope based on the International Patent Classification scheme. Using a sample of 535 financing rounds at 173 privately held venture-backed biotechnology firms. I show that the breadth of patent protection significantly affects valuations. A one standard deviation increase in average patent scope is associated with a 21% increase in the firm's value. Broad patents are more valuable when substitutes in the same product class are plentiful, a finding consistent with theoretical suggestions.


Potato extract (PE), corn extract (CE) and papaya extract (PAE) at concentrations of 25, 50 and 100 mL L - 1 enhanced callus growth on New Phalaenopsis (NP) medium containing sucrose. Among the various concentrations, 100mL L - 1 PE or PAE and 200 mL L - 1 CE significantly promoted callus growth compared to the control. Regeneration of protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) from calli was optimum when NP medium (sometimes referred to as BM) was supplemented with 100 mL L - 1 CE, followed by PE and PAE at the same concentration. Most plantlets also regenerated from PLBs with one 100 mL L - 1 CE.