The compatibility of polymers based on the blending of methyl methacrylate (PMMA) and depolymerized polyethylene terephthalate (DPET) was studied in this investigation. Initially, the PET was obtained using the waste bottle before the depolymerization process to get the final product of DPET. Here, the preparation of the polymer blend used was carried out by mixing the two polymers manually. The affinity of the polymers to each other is conducted using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results of FT-IR indicate that some bands were shifted, some of them were decreased, and the others were eliminated by the addition of DPET to PMMA. This behavior can be attributed to interaction and coordination between the PMMA and DPET. Based on DSC analysis, the melting temperatures of PMMA and DPET blends were reduced as compared to pure PMMA, with the exception of the 99/1 (PMMA/DPET) blend. PMMA's surface morphology reveals a rough surface with a micropore structure. The appearance of pure DPET in the SEM image shows a rough surface with diverse shaped and sized particles. Also, the 5/95 (DPET/PMMA) blend doesn't seem to have any visible phase separation. Keywords: Compatibility, polymer blend, PMMA, DPET


Abstract The genus Rhipidomys (sigmodontine rodents in the tribe Thomasomyini) is a poorly known radiation of Neotropical mice with few studies addressing their systematics and geographic distribution. We describe 2 new species of Rhipidomys (climbing mice) from southeastern Brazil. One of these species is known only from the type locality and 2 additional sites in the southeastern part of Minas Gerais, north of the Serra da Mantiqueira mountain complex. The other species occurs to the south of this mountain range in eastern Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo states, including coastal islands. These species can be distinguished from each other and from their congeners by morphological and molecular traits, and the new species from south of the Serra da Mantiqueira has a unique chromosomal complement of 2n  =  44 and FN  =  48, 49, or 50. Phylogenetic analysis of cytochrome-b sequences also revealed an additional unnamed clade of Rhipidomys from central and eastern Brazil, which is closely related to R. cariri from northeastern Brazil. A formal description of this clade requires additional morphological analyses, including specimens from the Guianas and other central Brazilian localities. In addition, the Amazonian species R. macconnelli and R. wetzeli appear as highly divergent from all other species included in the analysis. Finally, intraspecific morphological variation in species from mesic enclaves (brejos) in northeastern Brazil indicates the need for further taxonomic revision of R. mastacalis, R. macrurus, R. cariri, and Rhipidomys sp.


The first palladium-catalyzed enantioselective conjugate addition reactions of arylboronic acids to 2-substituted chromones with chiral pyridine-dihydroisoquinoline ligands have been developed.


We present the case of a 55-year-old man admitted for dyspnea, cough and edema of the legs and feet. The patient, a smoker with psoriasis at hands and feet noted the comparison, three years ago, of marked thickening and yellow discoloration of the nails. The chest X-ray showed a right-sided pleural effusion with parenchymal atelectasis. The cytologic examination of pleural fluid revealed mesothelial cells with inflammatory changes. The bacterial culture of the pleural fluid was negative and pleural biopsies revealed fibrosis. To reduce dyspnoea and formation of pleural fluid, was performed a pleurodesis by talcage. The patient was discharged with itraconazole, high dose vitamin E and zinc supplements as home therapy. The correct diagnosis was not easily achieved because the patient had symptoms and signs referable to other diseases as heart failure or venous insufficiency or psoriasis.


«The legal age of consent for heterosexual sex is 16 years. Large numbers of young people at school are sexually active. Indicators. such as sexually transmitted diseases, show that in spite of education programmes a large proportion of sexasally active young people are practising unsafe sex. Access to anonymous sources of condoms such as vending machines would encourage and enable safe sex practices amongst youth». (The Courage of our Convictions, p. 101).


The principal reason for the introduction of the forced-choice method ( 13) was to counteract leniency effects; i.e., the common tendency of raters to be over-generous in their ratings. This was to be achieved in the following manner: First, the technician would determine the degree to which each of a number of statements discriminates between good and poor workers. Second, he would obtain some measure of the &dquo;attractiveness,&dquo; or &dquo;affect value,&dquo; or &dquo;apparent favorableness&dquo; of each state-


Oral Presentation (10:45 a.m.) Purpose: Epidural catheterization is reported to be the most difficult skill for a new anesthesia resident to master. Commercially available epidural task trainers are costly, provide limited anatomic variation, and often have poor haptic feedback. An ideal simulator would be economical, customizable, and provide realistic tactile responses. By combining three-dimensional (3D) printing with a modified Delphi method we hope to create a task trainer that approaches these ideals. 3D printing allows for inexpensive, rapid prototyping and customizability. The Delphi method is an anonymous, efficient methodology for achieving expert consensus on a topic. Methods: This project consists of three phases, the first of which has been completed. The purpose of phase one was to identify the critical elements of an epidural task trainer using a modified Delphi method. It was predetermined that a 2-round modified Delphi method would be used. Eighteen anesthesiologists were recruited via e-mail. The initial survey asked participants to list the elements of an ideal epidural task trainer. In round one, participants were given the list of items created by the group and asked to rate the importance of each item on a 10-point ordinal scale. Means above seven and below three were used to define positive and negative consensus respectively. The results were provided to participants, and items that did not achieve consensus were reassessed in round two. Results: The initial survey identified 47 items. In round one of the modified Delphi method, 27 of those items achieved positive consensus. The remaining 20 items were reassessed in round two, and four achieved positive consensus. Sixteen items did not achieve consensus, and no items achieved negative consensus. Conclusion: With phase one of this project completed, we are currently using 3D printing to create prototypes with graded variations of optimizable items. These prototypes will be assessed by the same group of anesthesiologists to determine the optimal prototype for each item. This will allow for the creation of a single prototype with the most optimal grade of each characteristic. In phase three, the nonoptimizable items will be integrated and our final product will be experimentally evaluated alongside a commercially available model.


AbstractThe performance of the flat plate or cosine type incident light receptor is compared with that of the hemispherical or cardioid type, and values are suggested for the photographic constants when these two types of receptor are used. After an introductory description of the techniques of exposure determination the difference in performance of the two types of incident light receptor are deduced by consideration of their angular response characteristics in relation to particular lighting conditions. Experimental evidence is given in support of the theoretical considerations.


Although space prevents discussion of each of the l~ourteen essays in this collection, we should point out the key arguments in some of them. Rohert,Jackson and Carl Rosberg attempt a redefinition of the term &dquo;state&dquo; in the African context, arguing that while the &dquo;juridical state exists in Africa, the &dquo;empirical state&dquo; has yet to be established. Rothchild argues that our models of state-ethnic relations are inadequate and suggests his &dquo;hegemonial exchange&dquo; model is more useful in analyzing this major aspect of African politics. Gus Liebenow examines four questions on the military in African politics-why do they intervene, what problems do they face once in power, how do they get out of power, and how does the military compare with the civilians


The Dorchester Street Bridge in Montreal was built in 1917 over the tracks of the Canadian Northern Railway; it underwent complete reconstruction in 1931. The bridge has started to show its age in recent years. The paper reviews the field inspections for structural evaluation that were performed in 1985 and in 1988. After determining that a new deck was necessary, construction for it was started in May 1989 and completed in November of the same year.


Purposes: This pilot study (1) assessed physical therapist students' attitudes toward using YouTube to share health-related videos on the Internet, and (2) determined whether a cohort of physical therapist students would use YouTube, or similar technologies, to share educational information with other health care providers and health care consumers once they enter practice. Methods: A cohort of 28-second-year Doctor of Physical Therapy students completed a project to produce and share educational videos on YouTube. Students, working in small groups, selected a clinical skill introduced and practiced during the Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy course as the focus of their videos. A survey completed at the conclusion of the project collected data about students' attitudes and experiences regarding the use of YouTube. Results: Tabulation of students' responses revealed that 85% of the students enjoyed making videos and 96% of the students felt that physical therapists should share physical therapy-related information with the largest possible audience. Nineteen percent of the students reported that they are likely to share additional videos online. Conclusion: YouTube and other online video sites allow physical therapists to reach a large audience of people interested in the services and education they provide. However, some students may be reluctant to take advantage of this relatively new technology. Future research may focus on the relationship between the obligation students feel to produce educational videos and their reported reluctance to produce educational videos once they enter clinical practice. INTRODUCTION Today's health care environment is quickly evolving. New video technologies allow physicians to communicate and assist with surgeries without being in the operating room, case managers and families to tour rehabilitation facilities without leaving the bedside, and therapists to demonstrate therapeutic exercises to patients who are unable to come to the clinic.1-3 In order to meet the challenges of this rapidly changing environment, health profession educators must find or develop cost-effective technologies to provide students with the tools and knowledge necessary to safely and efficiently treat and educate patients. One of the more pervasive new technologies available to health care providers and educators is online video streaming from Internet websites like YouTube (www.youtube.com). YouTube, founded in 2005, allows users to easily view and share videos with a broad audience.4 While much of the video content on YouTube is unrelated to health, the potential to share information that promotes and displays health-related issues is immense. Over a three month period ending December 8, 2009, the Internet tracking website, Alexa (www.alexa.com) ranked YouTube as the fourth most visited website on the World Wide Web.5 According to a Princeton Survey Research International telephone poll, the popularity of YouTube among adults has increased rapidly in just a few years.6 The report found that, as of 2009, 62% of adult Internet users reported watching online videos, compared to 33% in December of 2006. Among the oldest age groups studied, 41% of Internet users 50-64 years of age, and 27% of Internet users 65+ years of age view online videos. These figures Reaching the Masses: Physical Therapist Students Learn to Use YouTube to Share Clinical Information with Patients and the Public 2 © The Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice, 2010 are up from 2008, when only 34% of Internet users 50-64 years old reported watching online videos, and 19% of Internet users 65+ years old reported watching online videos.6 Along with the increasing numbers of people viewing content on YouTube, a recent Pew report indicated that many people are using the Internet to access health-related information.7 In the report, researchers stated that for Internet users 55-63 years old and 73 years of age and older, searching for health-related information was the third most popular online activity, exceeded only by email and online search.7 Similarly, adults 33-54 and 64-72 years of age report using the Internet to research health-related material more than any other activity except email, search engines, and product research.7 Promotion of health and wellness and education of those interested in learning about health topics are vital components of a health care provider's practice. YouTube provides a medium that enables health care providers to reach a large audience interested in obtaining health-related information. As more health care consumers begin to access information on the Internet, it is important to introduce YouTube, and other clinically relevant technologies, to students during their academic preparation. A 2009 study by Burke and colleagues reported that 41.7% of health education faculty utilized YouTube in the classroom. Some of the more popular uses of YouTube include providing informational material to students and stimulating in-class discussions and debates.8 Many of the clients that physical therapists treat may benefit from video content on YouTube. Video improves the health care provider's ability to reach a broad audience, particularly the elderly and those with special needs.9-11 In the elderly population, video is effective at increasing awareness of conditions that may result in falls, and improving functional outcomes following hip repair surgery.12,13 Within the deaf community, YouTube has broad appeal as a way to communicate and share information regarding medical and social issues.10 This pilot study required that physical therapist students complete a project to create and share educational videos on YouTube. At the conclusion of the project, students voluntarily completed a survey about the project. The objectives of this study were: (1) assess a cohort of physical therapist students' attitudes toward the use of YouTube and video technology to share health-related information, and (2) assess whether students believe they will use YouTube to share educational information once they enter autonomous practice. METHODS Subjects A cohort of 28 Doctor of Physical Therapy Students (DPT) at a public university in the southeastern United States participated in the study. The students were in the second year of the three-year post-baccalaureate DPT program. The DPT curriculum includes a combination of didactic classroom and laboratory education, as well as, 34-weeks of supervised clinical internships. Procedures The principle investigator obtained Institutional Review Board approval and informed consent prior to collecting data. The project and data collection took place during the required second-year Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy course. The YouTube project required students produce and share brief videos demonstrating a clinical skill used in the practice of cardiopulmonary physical therapy. To begin the project, the class divided themselves into groups of 5 or fewer students. Each group selected a clinical skill previously discussed and practiced in class. Once the instructor approved the selection of the clinical skill, student groups worked outside of regularly scheduled class time to practice, record, edit, and upload their videos to YouTube. Skills selected by the groups included auscultation of the heart and lungs; patient positioning for drainage of mucus secretions from the lungs; techniques to encourage patients to cough to clear mucus secretions from airways; and exercise tests to predict aerobic capacity. The instructor offered technical assistance to each of the groups; however, only one of the six groups requested assistance, which required less than 30-minutes of the instructor's time. The instructor also gave student groups the option to make their videos available to the public or to share them in YouTube's private section. Groups choosing to make the videos private had to grant the instructor access to their video for evaluation. During the project's introduction, students viewed three different videos posted on YouTube by health care professionals in fields other than physical therapy. Each of the videos depicted a specific clinical skill targeted to the general public and health care providers. For example, students viewed a video of a health care practitioner instructing viewers on how to check their own blood glucose level. Following the video presentations, the instructor informed students that the expectation was for them to develop videos with production quality similar to the videos viewed in class. Lastly, students received copies of the grading rubric (Table 1). Reaching the Masses: Physical Therapist Students Learn to Use YouTube to Share Clinical Information with Patients and the Public 3 © The Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice, 2010 Table 1: Grading Rubric Grading Criteria Points Awarded/Points Possible Creative and interesting presentation of material /20 Content accurate and complete /20 Video clear and audible includes eliminating distractions in the background /10 Professional appearance (both you and the video) – no University attire /10 Practice and rehearsal evident /10 Evidence of group work /10 Appropriate level health care providers and consumers seeking information; videos should be less than 5 minutes in length /15 Inclusion of the disclaimer /5 /100 After the students posted their videos on YouTube, the course instructor assessed the videos based on criteria listed in the grading rubric. Video creativity, content accuracy, and appropriateness for target audience received increased grading weight because these items were most supportive of course and project objectives. Each of the groups received passing grades on the project. During the last week of the semester, 27 of the 28 students enrolled in the course completed a voluntary survey. Students completed the surveys after posting the videos, but before instructor evaluation


The paper describes operational behevior and overhaulfindings of the country's first HG2008t/h boiler,presents an analysis of both the uncovered and the obscure problems,presents suggestions concerning topics offurtherresearch and opinions relatedto key problemsto be solved .Figs 7 and refs 2


In a retransmission control method, a transmission side device controls a delivery confirmation information receiving window and, when the sequence number of a packet included in the delivery confirmation information received from a reception side device has a value outside the range of the delivery confirmation information receiving window, does not perform window control processing and retransmission control processing of the packet on the basis of the delivery confirmation information about the sequence number.


I am well acquainted with tissue culture as a laboratory technique. It was an integral part of my research throughout my doctoral training and during my early years in the pharmaceutical industry. But it wasn't until later in my career that I was introduced to an entirely new form of tissue culture


As the use of touch screen technology increases in everyday situations for all walks of life, universal design should be taken into account when designing products to be used by a wide range of users. This re-search studies the workload associated with touch screen use from a front and parallel orientation for individuals with and without motor control disabilities. The NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) was used to assess workload. Participants with a motor control disability (+MCD; n=20) and age-matched participants without a motor control disability (-MCD; n=18) completed a four-digit touchscreen number entry task. Results show that the +MCD group had a higher perceived workload than the –MCD group. The workload demands of the parallel vs. front orientation were higher for both groups across most TLX subscales. The magnitude of the difference in workload between parallel and front orientation was greater for the +MCD group. The results from this study suggest that when the parallel orientation is necessary, careful consideration should be given to designing touch screen interfaces to reduce workload for all users.


Radiobiological effects of gamma radiation on different types of rice before or during in vitro culture, combined treatments of 137Cs r-rays and NaNs on mature embryo culture, and irradiation on growth of calli derived from anther in rice were studied. The dose-effects relations of callus induction rate and callus growth rate could be fitted according to the multi-target and single-hit model. Effect of somatic cultures of different types in rice was different. Increase in plant regeneration capacity was found with 100, 150 Gy gamma rays. Decrease of callus induction rate, callus growth rate and callus differentiation rate (especially in the 1st culture) were observed in combined treatments of r-rays and NaN3. However, mutagenic effects of treatments with r-rays were much higher than those of combined treatment of r-rays and NaN3 in the 2nd and the 3rd culture. Combined treatments of 137Cs y-rays with 200 Gy and 2 mmol NaN3 were suitable for explant in rice before culture. To irradiate the calli derived from anther in rice with 30 Gy gamma rays can rise plant regeneration capacity during continuing culture.


This research article explores various methods for quantifying demand-side flexibility and focuses on one particular technique based on power consumption. The study performs exploratory data analysis on the AMPds dataset in the time domain, encompassing trend and correlation analysis and attributes distribution analysis to highlight the importance of considering different factors influencing household power consumption. The analysis results are used to aid in the feature selection and extraction process of machine learning model development for determining demand-side flexibility through power consumption. This article provides valuable insights for researchers and practitioners in the energy industry looking to better understand demand-side flexibility and estimate its quantification.


The current study was carried out to determine the mathematical development levels of children attending a preschool education institution in terms of mathematical content. The research was conducted on 334 children between 60-72 months attending an independent kindergarten. The mathematical development level of children was measured through Progress in Math 6 Test. As a result of the analyses conducted, it was found that the success of the children for "Shapes-Space-Measurements" and "Data Analysis" categories were high in terms of the mathematical development levels of the children, while their success rates were lower than expected in the sub-group of processes at the "Numbers" category.


Decision making processes, based on various multi-criteria models are considered. The main differences between AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process), ANP (Analytic Network Process) and CHP (Cognitive Hierarchy process) methods will be discussed. The possible use of referred methods for decision support in autonomous systems will be proposed and strong and week points of the methods will be experimentally demonstrated on on-line decisional problem.


An approach for local size modification on generated model was adopted based on the manikin library of Poser software,and the 3D static manikins of Chinese male pilots at the seated positions of the 5th、50th and 95th were established,insuring the veracity of the main parts of the human body.Secondly,the ejection seat model was imported to 3Dmax,and an "ejection seat-control equipment" model was established,according to geometry size of plane cabin and control equipment.At last,utilizing the theory means of ergonomics,an "ejection seat-pilot-control equipment" system model was established.After establishing the system model,a movement simulation and analysis for the pilot was taken,which provided a visual platform for the amenity analysis of the ejection seat.


The hydrocarbon expulsion characteristics of two sets of hydrocarbon source rocks --middle-lower Cambrian system (C_(1+2)) source rock and middle-upper Ordovician system (O_(2+3)) source rock in different geologic ages are studied according to the threshold of hydrocarbon expulsion theory and hydrocarbon generation potential. It is shown that there are three major hydrocarbon expulsion stages: late Caledonian (O-S), late Hersynian-Indosinian (C-T) and Yanshanian-Himalayan (K-Q); the total of expulsion hydrocarbon of C_(1+2) source rock is 3587×10~8 t, the first and the second expulsion hydrocarbon stages are its peaks, and the hydrocarbon is provided mainly for early reservoirs; the total of hydrocarbon expulsion of O_(2+3) source rock is 714×10~8 t, the third hydrocarbon expulsion stage is its peak, O_(2+3) source rock begins to largely expulse hydrocarbon from Carboniferous and provides hydrocarbon mainly for late reservoirs; The hydrocarbon expulsion centers lie in the different parts of Talimu Craton Basin in the history.


Copyright information: Taken from "Identification and investigation of ORFans in the viral world"http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/9/24BMC Genomics 2008;9():24-24.Published online 19 Jan 2008PMCID:PMC2245933. The plot was computed by averaging the results of 1000 random selections of subsets of the 280 phage genomes. The average number of ORFans in each subset size is shown in red, and the percentage of ORFans (computed as the number of ORFans divided by the total number of ORFs) is shown in blue.


In his extensive studiesl of the comparative electrical conductivities of normal blood laked by various means, Stewart has shown that complete liberation of the haemoglobin can be produced in blood and in artificial suspensions of erythrocytes without any change or with only a slight increase in conductivity. This is the case when what he calls the less violent haemolytic agents (freezing and thawing, heat, foreign serum, strictly minimal doses of saponin, etc.) are employed. When the laked blood is subsequently exposed to one of the more energetic haemolytic agencies (water, supraminimal doses of saponin, etc.) a marked increase in the conductivity is produced. The total increase is sensibly the same whether the haemolysis has been effected in two stages, first by a gentle and then by a more violent agent, or in one stage by the original and more energetic action of a body of the second group. The actionof the more violenthaemolytics when consecutive to that of the less violent, is an action on the shadows or ghosts of the corpuscles already deprived of haemoglobin which reduces them to the same condition as that produced directly by the more energetic haemolytics acting alone. It is not due to the


Humanism is a cultural, literary, scientific and intellectual movement that promoted the study of humanities---the languages, literature, and history of ancient Greece and Rome. Humanist scholars took the ancient authors as their models in writing, scholarship, and all aspects of life. They believed that a classical training alone can form a perfect man. The movement originated in Italy in the 1300s and eventually spread throughout Europe. It had a great influence on many areas of Renaissance culture including literature, education, law, and the arts.


Chinese Teaching Method" developes series course of"Chinese subject Education" and it demands specially the whole reform of trinity about course,teaching material and teacher.First,it distincts from scientific system of Chinese education and course system and locates partly compulsory course and elective course.Second,it sets up tripod the whole reform system of Chinese subject education,Chinese subject teaching discussion and special methods course.


It is unclear what role α1A‐adrenergic receptors (ARs) have on neurogenesis, cognition and mood. The goal of this study is to examine how the α1A‐ARs relationship to neurogenesis influences cognition and mood. Mice over‐expressing the α1A‐AR showed increased cognition and neurogenesis over normal mice. We hypothesize activation of the α1A‐AR alone is not responsible for improvements in cognition and mood, but it is the receptor‐stimulated neurogenesis. To test this hypothesis, mice are treated with selective α1A‐AR agonist, cirazoline (CRZ). A cannula and osmotic pump is surgically inserted into mice with either artificial cerebral spinal fluid or anti‐mitotic agent cytosine arabinoside (AraC). Mice undergo behavioral testing (Morris water maze, novel object recognition, forced swim, tail suspension, and open field), are sacrificed, brains fixed, sectioned and stained with cell markers for immature and dividing neurons. Stereology was used to estimate cell populations. Preliminary results show AraC mice are significantly slower in solving the Morris Water Maze than AraC‐CRZ mice. The results of this study may lead to development of therapeutic strategies for neurodegenerative diseases. Support: NSF Graduate Research Fellowship Program Grant, NSF Grant EPS‐0447679, NSF CAREER Grant 0347259, NIH Grant 5P20RR017699.


The Free Acheh Movement (Gerakan Acheh Merdeka, or GAM) has often been characterized as an Islamic organization. Despite clear Islamic influences, GAM is a nationalist organization the political goals of which are explicitly based on territory rather than religion. Further, explicit in the political agenda of GAM is the ending of the imposition of Islamic law in Aceh. According to the Prime Minister of the State of Acheh, Malik Mahmud: 'GAM opposed the imposition of Syariah Laws in Acheh by Jakarta because GAM's struggle is motivated by and based on independence and not on religious issues. Jakarta is merely using syariah laws as a propaganda ploy to deviate public opinion from the real issue of the conflict.'


We present a combined reflectance and thermal radiance model for airless planetary bodies. The Hapke model provides the reflected component. The developed thermal model is the first to consistently use rough fractal surfaces, self-scattering, self-heating, and disk-resolved bolometric albedo for entire planets. We validated the model with disk-resolved lunar measurements acquired by the Chinese weather satellite Gaofen-4 at around 3 . 5 − 4 . 1 µ m and measurements of the Diviner lunar radiometer at 8 . 25 µ m and 25 − 41 µ m, finding nearly exact agreement. Further, we reprocessed the thermal correction of the global lunar reflectance maps obtained by the Moon Mineralogy Mapper M 3 and employed the new model to correct excess thermal radiance. The results confirm the diurnal, latitudinal, and compositional variations of lunar hydration reported in previous and recent studies with other instruments. Further, we compared the model to lunar measurements obtained by the Mercury Radiometer and Thermal Infrared Spectrometer (MERTIS) on board BepiColombo during a flyby maneuver on April 9, 2020: the measured and the modeled radiance variations across the disk match. Finally, we adapted the thermal model to Mercury for emissivity calibration of upcoming Mercury flyby measurements and in-orbit operation. Although a physical parameter must be invariant under various observation scenarios, the best lunar surface roughness fits vary between different datasets. We critically discuss possible reasons and conclude that anisotropic emissivity modeling has room for improvement and requires attention in future studies.


Acinetobacter species has arisen as significant and challenging human pathogen as it is the causal agent of numerous kinds of infections in humans like nosocomial pneumonia, which is most often related to endotracheal tubes or tracheostomies, endocarditis, meningitis, septicaemia, skin, wound infections, UTI and bacteraemia peritonitis in patients receiving peritoneal dialysis (Winn et al., 2006; Oberoi et al., 2009). Acinetobacter sometimes ―colonize‖ or live in a patient without producing infection or symptoms, especially in tracheostomy sites or exposed wounds. Presently, A. baumannii is becoming an imperative developing nosocomial pathogen universal and is liable for 2-10 % of all the International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 2 (2017) pp. 1279-1286 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com


School of Communication (Sekom) is a place for educational institutions of the Indonesian Navy'sNational Army which has the duty to educate and prepare human resources in the field of communication.In providing Morse gesture learning material, the instructors still use the media in the form of a Morseknock tool manually, the news is received and recorded by other students with a sheet of paper or abook. There are ideas or ideas from the author to combine the Morse signal method using computermedia in its implementation. The design of this study was carried out to provide an overview of thesystem to be created. The flow of news delivery is news that is processed in the server and then sentusing the computer as a server automatically so that it will come out in the form of morse audio after theprocess begins and then is received by students using a computer as a client and the results of studentanswers will be automatically saved into the server, after saving the teacher can retrieve the resultsdirectly typing students who automatically have a value that is managed in the server. The assessmentsystem is automatically processed in the server by means of a comparison between the news sent by theteacher with the results typed by students.Keywords: Morse, Server and client.


London's system of sewers, designed by Joseph Bazalgette, is one of the wonders of 19th century civil engineering, admired for its simplicity of conception, its scale, and the beauty of its brick lined, egg shaped sewers.

Richard Granger, engineer of the English NHS's ambitious programme for healthcare computing, likens information technology in 2005 to the state of civil engineering in the mid-19th century. The technology was immature—yet Bazalgette succeeded. Granger, like most IT experts, thinks that information technology is immature, yet it is clear from his interview with Geoff Watts on p 310 that he believes it can deliver …


A method for electroanalysis of the catalytic activity of polymorphic modifications of cytochrome P450 2C9, 2C9 * 2 and 2C9 * 3 has been developed. A study of the mechanisms of interaction of DNA with drugs was carried out.


Keywords : Source separation, speech processing, speech-music segregation, spectral subtraction, music filtering. A B S T R A C T Background interference creates voice intelligibility issue for listener. This research work considers background music as interference for communication through smart phone in areas with loud background music. This paper proposes a novel framework for background music segregation from human speech using music fingerprinting and acoustic echo cancellation. Initially, background music is searched in the database by music fingerprinting. Identified background music is registered and segregated using acoustic echo cancellation. Proposed approach generates better quality music speech segregation than existing algorithms. The research work is novel and segregates background music completely in comparison to existing approaches where single instruments are segregated successfully.


1Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, HCMC University of Technology and Education, No 01-Vo Van Ngan Street, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam. email@example.com; firstname.lastname@example.com; https://doi.org/10.34302/crpjfst/2021.13.4.5 Article history: Received: 17 March 2021 Accepted: 17 November 2021 ABSTRACT Bananas are one of the most common energy yielding fruits, and also a nutritional source for human health. In this study, low-temperature vacuum drying was applied to preserve banana because this method offers a low nutrient loss, a decrease in drying time leading to low energy cost, and the low moisture content preventing products from microbial spoilage. Four mathematical models were built, and a multi-objective optimization problem was established for the drying process. The restricted area method with R*(Z) optimal combination criterion was used to optimize for the drying mode of banana including temperature of 52.76 oC, pressure of 0.006 mmHg and drying time of 13.94 hours. Experimental results showed that the energy consumption was 3.96 kWh/kg, the residual water content was 3.64 %, the vitamin C loss was 3.27 % and the maximum rehydration capacity was 95.17 %, which convinced that dried bananas had achieved a minimum cost, the best quality, and a long-term storage.


Designing and optimising graphene-based gas sensors, which involve physisorption of analytes on the sensor surface, requires theoretical insights into the strength and nature of such non-covalent interactions. This modelling entails constructing appropriate atomistic representations for an infinite graphene sheet and its complex with the analyte, then selecting accurate yet affordable methods for geometry optimisations and energy computations. In this work, density functionals from the 2nd to 5th rungs of Jacob's ladder, coupled cluster theory, and symmetry-adapted perturbation theory in conjunction with a range of surface models, from benzene to the periodic system, were tested for their ability to reproduce experimental adsorption energies of CO2 on graphene in a low-coverage regime. The best agreement with the reference computations was found for global and double hybrid density functionals, while experimental adsorption energies were reproduced within chemical accuracy by extrapolating the SAPT0//DSD-BLYP-D3 interaction energies from finite clusters to infinity. This simple yet powerful extrapolation scheme effectively removes size dependence from the data obtained using finite cluster models, and the latter can be treated at more sophisticated levels of theory relative to periodic systems.


The issues of water resources management are of great theoretical and practical importance to ensure the socio-economic development of the country. This explains the increasing number of scientific publications on water management issues around the world. The aim of this article is to analyze the state of the national scientific research in the field of water resources management. Bibliometric analysis was used as a research method. The study resulted in analyzing the dynamics of publications in the field of water resources management, describing the characteristics of national scientific community, and identifying the key knowledge centers. It was concluded that problems of water resources management are not the center of attention of researchers in Russia now, but there is a growing interest in learning more about the subject. The indicators of scientific performance of the Russian scientists at the same time clearly show the potential for the development of this area of research.


Abstract We suggest that the diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) are absorption lines arising from electronic transitions in molecular clusters primarily composed of a single molecule, atom, or ion ("seed"), embedded in a single-layer shell of H2 molecules (Bernstein et al. 2013). We refer to these clusters as CHCs (Contaminated H2 Clusters). CHCs arise from cm-sized, dirty H2 ice balls, called CHIMPs (Contaminated H2 Ice Macro-Particles), formed in cold, dense, Giant Molecular Clouds (GMCs), and later released into the interstellar medium (ISM) upon GMC disruption. Absorption by the CHIMP of a UV photon releases CHCs. CHCs produce DIBs when they absorb optical photons. When this occurs, the absorbed photon energy disrupts the CHC.


Mimosa pigra L. is an invasive species which could produce some biological compounds to control other plant species. This study investigated the potential role of leaf extracts of M. pigra L. in plant interference. Aqueous (water), 80% aqueous methanolic (80% MeOH) and methanolic (MeOH) extracts at different concentrations of 0, 1, 10 and 100 grams dry weight per liter were prepared and used as treatment solutions to assess their effects on the plant growth and the chlorophyll content of two target weed species, Ruellia tuberosa L. and Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. The experiment was arranged as a 3 × 4 factorial in a completely randomized design and was carried out under greenhouse conditions. The results revealed that the three different solvent extracts inhibited the growth and decreased the chlorophyll accumulation in both tested weed species. The inhibition percentage in most cases for each growth parameter increased with increasing concentration of each different solvent extract. Among the three extracted solvents, the 80% MeOH and MeOH extracts showed greater efficiency than the water extract. Consequently, the M. pigra extracts had phytotoxic potential to control weed growth.


MUHAMMAD AS`AD BUGIS
[Wajo, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, 1907-1953]
[Dictionnaire biographique des savants et grandes figures du monde
musulman peripherique, du XIXe siecle a nos jours, Fasc. no 2. Paris:
CNRS-EHESS, 1998, p. 22-23]

Muhammad As`ad was one of the greatest `ulamâ of South Sulawesi
(Celebes) in the twentieth century, an educationalist and moderate
reformer. His family hailed from the Buginese kingdom of Wajo, and
he established South Sulawesi's first modern madrasa in Wajo's
capital, Sengkang. He is also the author of numerous simple religious
texts in the Buginese language, and probably the first Islamic author to
use the Buginese rather than the Arabic script for this sort of literature.


Along with Internet of Things -IoT-, distributed ledger/blockchain technology can provide substantial benefits to the management of supply chains. However the adoption of blockchain-based solutions may face substantial challenges such as scalability, which happens when several parties have to access and record information in a single blockchain. The use of two or more blockchains may help to mitigate such problem but it may require the use of an alternative architecture that enables interoperability. This work investigates the feasibility of adopting an agnostic blockchain architecture based on the particularities of the supply chain commonly found in the fisheries sector. A case in the fisheries sector in Atlantic Canada, characterized for the capture of different species destined for markets worldwide, is used to explore the adoption of an agnostic blockchain architecture. Emerging concepts such as agnotic blockchain applied to the supply chains of perishable goods may open the door to the development of innovative solutions.


With each edition of the World Conference on Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion, the divide between research and policy narrows. The 9th World Conference, held in Merida, Mexico 15–18 March 2008, served as a venue not only for sharing the latest scientific knowledge on violence and injury prevention, but also garnering support from the highest political levels for national prevention efforts. While the World Conference is a major scientific event, two important pre-meetings served as bridges to policy-making: the Second Global Meeting of Ministry of Health Focal Points for Injury and Violence Prevention and the Meeting of Ministers of the Americas on Injury and Violence Prevention.

Hosted by WHO on 13–14 March 2008, the Second Global Meeting of Ministry of Health Focal Points for Injury and Violence Prevention was attended by 62 ministry of health focal points from 50 primarily low-income and middle-income countries, representatives of WHO Collaborating Centers, and WHO staff from all levels of the Organization. The objectives were to: increase the exchange of ideas and information among the focal points and their peers; further clarify the role of focal points; inform the focal points about WHO products and tools; identify future activities of the informal network; facilitate the participation of the focal points in the 9th World Conference. The meeting involved: plenary presentation of the new WHO document entitled Preventing injuries and …


The convergent education such as STEAM education has been implemented in the gifted education institutions in order to resolve the crisis of science and engineering fields caused by the science and engineering avoidance of excellent talents. The purpose of this study was to investigate awareness about science, mathematics and technology/ engineering fields of science gifted students. The subjects were 86 middle school science gifted students at the Science Institute for Gifted Students of a university located in metropolitan city in Korea. The data were collected from the survey that consists of 97 questions in 3 categories. The results were follows: First, the gifted students were aware that science was more interesting than mathematics or technology/engineering. Second, science rated highest in career choice. Third, they were aware that the scientists were more interesting, more imagination, less accuracy and less considering than the mathematicians and the engineers. In addition they responded that the mathematicians were smarter than the scientists and the engineers, and the engineers were more diligent than the scientists and the mathematicians. Finally, the result of the correlational analysis indicated that there were strong correlations between science and mathematics, and between science and technology/engineering. It was recommended that the consolidation of the convergent gifted education, the necessity of systemic career education, and the study of correlation between mathematics and technology/engineering.


By applying energy conservation to the effect of a laser beam on a resist, a modified proximity function is proposed. The measured data on energy absorption in a photoresist are fitted well with the modified function. By using the new model, an effective precompensation method can be used to correct proximity effects in laser direct writing. Experimental results have been obtained on a laser direct writing machine with line width of 0.6 ?m.


A number of Korean native chicken(KNC) populations were registered in FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) DAD-IS (Domestic Animal Diversity Information Systems, http://www.fao.org/dad-is). But there is a lack of scientific basis to prove that they are unique population of Korea. For this reason, this study was conducted to prove KNC's uniqueness using 25 Microsatellite markers. A total of 548 chickens from 11 KNC populations (KNG, KNB, KNR, KNW, KNY, KNO, HIC, HYD, HBC, JJC, LTC) and 7 introduced populations (ARA: Araucana, RRC and RRD: Rhode Island Red C and D, LGF and LGK: White Leghorn F and K, COS and COH: Cornish brown and Cornish black) were used. Allele size per locus was decided using GeneMapper Software (v 5.0). A total of 195 alleles were observed and the range was 3 to 14 per locus. The MNA, Hexp, Hobs, PIC value within population were the highest in KNY (4.60, 0.627, 0.648, 0.563 respectively) and the lowest in HYD (1.84, 0.297, 0.286, 0.236 respectively). The results of genetic uniformity analysis suggested 15 cluster (ΔK = 66.22). Excluding JJC, the others were grouped in certain cluster with high genetic uniformity. JJC was not grouped in certain cluster but grouped in cluster 2 (44.3%), cluster 3 (17.7%) and cluster8 (19.1%). As a results of this study, we can secure a scientific basis about KNC's uniqueness and these results can be use to basic data for the genetic evaluation and management of KNC breeds. (


Observability of decomposed systems consisting of algebraic and integrating parts is investigated in the presence of unknown inputs. Conditions for the existence and construction of integrating subsystems which, when connected to the algebraic system, give rise to an unknown-input, unknown-state observable and unknown-input, zero-state observable composite system are established. Application of the results to fault detection and identification in algebraic systems is discussed.


For decades, landscaping has been interchangeable with urbanism. As ecotourism becomes more popular, there is also a growing demand to look at rural landscaping. In this article, we present an overview of rural landscaping as well as a review of cases combining rural environment and city elements. The interaction of these elements will reflect the importance of preserving local culture and responsible development, especially for small and medium landowners. More and more people look for an escape from the urban areas, whether it be through visiting rural areas or by bringing rural landscaping to the city. Structuring rural landscaping could lead to considerable profitability as well as encouraging the preservation of rural spaces and become a considerably new field of work for landscape architectures and architectures.


A novel approach to the Gas Electron Multiplier1 (GEM) detector readout is presented. Unlike commonly used methods, based on discriminators, and analogue FIFOs,[ the method developed uses simultaneously sampling high speed ADCs and advanced FPGA-based processing logic to estimate the energy of every single photon. Such method is applied to every GEM strip signal. It is especially useful in case of crystal-based spectrometers for soft X-rays, where higher order reflections need to be identified and rejected. For the purpose of the detector readout, a novel conception of the measurement platform was developed.


National economic mobilization is a significant step when a country is faced with warfare or menace of warfare. It is momentous to research how to improve the efficiency of national economic mobilization. This paper probes the mode to achieve the software system on it in the era of information, and presents the corresponding solution in three parts: distributing database of resource based on Oracle, analyzing and decision-making system based on GIS, and document management based on Domino/Notes.


ABSTRACT Selection and identification of a subset of compounds from libraries or databases, which are likely to possess a desired biological activity is the main target of ligand-based virtual screening approaches. The main challenge of such approaches is achieving of high recall of active molecules. In this paper we presented fuzzy correlation coefficients (FCC), which is used as a similarity coefficient. The new approach is based on mutually dependent between molecular features, while most common approaches (Tanimoto, Bayesian and other coefficients) based on mutually independent between features. Our experiments have shown that the new coefficient increases the recall of active molecules in high diversity database compared with other correlation coefficients and Tanimoto. Keywords : Correlation coefficients, fingerprint features, similarity search, similarity coefficients, virtual screening. 1. INTRODUCTION Virtual screening (VS) refers to the use of a computer-based method to process compounds from a library or database of compounds in order to identify and select ones that are likely to possess a desired biological activity, such as the ability to inhibit the action of a particular therapeutic target. Selection of molecules with a virtual screening algorithm should yield a higher proportion of active compounds, as assessed by experiment, relative to a random selection of the same number of molecules [1]. Currently, VS becomes widely used in computer-based search for novel lead molecules. Typically, there are two approaches to the general problem: virtual screening by docking, when the 3D structure of the biological target (protein or enzyme) involved in the disease is available, and similarity-based virtual screening, where no information on the protein is necessary, instead, structural information of one or more known (bind to protein) molecules are used as structural query. The screening procedure retrieves molecules from the database according to the molecular similarity principle which states that structurally similar molecules exhibit similar biological activities. Similarity searches are now a standard tool for drug discovery. The idea behind such searches is that, given a compound with an interesting biological activity is compared to other compounds. The basic idea of similarity-based Virtual Screening is a very simple and it was first enunciated explicitly by Johnson and Maggiora [2]; in which Similar Property Principle states that molecules that are structurally similar are likely to have similar properties. The main goal of any system for similarity based screening is to quantify the degree of similarity or resemblance between reference structure (target query or queries) and each of the structures in database that is being screened for both real and virtual screening. A similarity measure requires three components: the molecules' representation that is used to characterize them when are being compared, the weighting scheme that priorities the importance of various components of these representations and the coefficient that is used to calculate the degree of similarity or relatedness between two structural representations. This paper suggests a new ligand-based VS approach for similarity search. The new approach is based on the relationship between the target's molecules features and all molecules' features of in database. In the next section, fuzzy text retrieval method is explained. In section 3, we overviews some related works belong to this area. Materials and methods are discussed in section 4, including our proposed method FCC and all our experiments. In section 5, results were presented including evaluation of the new method based on measurement of recall of active molecules. Finally, our conclusions are presented in section 6.


Warehouses play a critical role in supply chains. They serve as a vital link between manufacturers and customers. In this study, we investigate performance of the largest warehouse (Eastern Distribution Center EDC) of the Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) located in New Cumberland, PA and propose a near optimum design for the receiving area of the warehouse to improve its performance. First, we develop a simulation model of the system. Second, we interface an optimization model with the simulation in order to optimize the number of people working at the induction stations. In the optimization model, our goal is to minimize the average cycle time of a material type. Last, we re-design the existing system based on results from the optimization. The simulation and the optimization models are developed through the use of ARENA 13.9 and OptQuest.


Charge ordering in the quasi-one-dimensional organic conductors ${(\mathrm{TMTTF})}_{2}X\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}(X=\mathrm{Sb}{\mathrm{F}}_{6},\mathrm{As}{\mathrm{F}}_{6},\mathrm{P}{\mathrm{F}}_{6})$ was studied by using Raman spectroscopy. In the charge-ordered phase three vibrational features related to the ring breathing mode ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{10}({a}_{g})$ of neutral ($\mathrm{TMTT}{\mathrm{F}}^{0}$) and ionized ($\mathrm{TMTT}{\mathrm{F}}^{+0.5}$ and $\mathrm{TMTT}{\mathrm{F}}^{+1}$) are observed at about 503, 507, and $526\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{c}{\mathrm{m}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, respectively. The bands of donor molecules with charge $+0.5e$ are assigned to ferroelectric domains while the bands of neutral and fully ionized molecules to domain walls. The shape of the band at about $526\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{c}{\mathrm{m}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, attributed to the charged domain walls (molecules with charge $+1e$), reveals important differences between salts, i.e., indicates the presence of relaxor ferroelectricity which is well seen in ${(\mathrm{TMTTF})}_{2}\mathrm{P}{\mathrm{F}}_{6}$.


This paper details the findings of experiments that have attempted to identify the fluid mechanical mechanisms that allowed an array of synthetic jet actuators to alter the unsteadiness levels in the post-burst region of the flow over a 60° angle of sweep, delta wing configuration. The experiments made use of an array of synthetic jet actuators embedded in the wing leading edge to try to alter the shear layer that separates from the leading edge before rolling up to form the vortex which subsequently bursts at a location downstream of the wing apex. The frequencies used to actuate the flow were related to, and were an order of magnitude larger than the dominant frequencies found in the burst region that was to be altered. Following on from earlier experiments that had shown that this technique was able to reduce the surface rms pressures in the post-burst region by up to 30%, this paper details the findings of a series of PIV and surface flow visualisation experiments that examined the burst vortex itself and the associated leading edge separation line. The findings showed that the effect of actuation was in fact to produce time-averaged separation delays in the leading edge separation line, local to each actuator. These delays produced kinks (or ripples) in the separated shear layer that, in turn, led to a series of variations in the vortex diameter. From these results it has been postulated that this variable diameter feature of the vortex leads to the coherent spiral structure known to exist within the burst flow being de-stabilized due to the production of self induced Biot-Savart velocities. Additionally it is shown that actuation directly into the post-burst region is less effective at producing the rms reductions previously seen, than actuation of the pre-burst area of the vortex.


This paper discussed the dam safety monitoring system. As a wireless data transmitter without frequency hopping,serving as the hardware platform for wireless communication,the system is equipped with re-organized wireless communication management protocol and to realize data exchange between supervisory controller and nodes of its subnets.


According to geological characteristics of recently sedimentary layer in Huaibei plain,such as existence of different soil and calcareous concretions,a large number of dynamic plate loading tests are carried out relying on highways under construction.The range and variation of dynamic deformation modulus are analyzed for different soils,and distribution characteristics of are discussed for different geological area in Huaibei plain.On this basis,relationships between the and penetration resistance,bearing capacity of foundation are established through static cone penetration tests,screw plate tests and plate loading tests.Studies show that,dynamic plate loading test is a fast and convenient in situ test,and mechanics characteristics and regularity of foundation soil can be reflected well by,which has good relativity with penetration resistance of value and bearing capacity of the foundation.can be used in highway engineering as a foundation bearing capacity determination index.


A cosmetic composition comprising at least one alkyl poly glucoside, at least one polyethylene glycol and/or its derivative, and/or at least one polyethylene glyceryl and/or its derivative, or a mixture thereof, and at least one ester oil.


This article examines a group of employees who have been rarely considered in Australian court and tribunal decisions and scholarly commentary to date: diplomatic and consular workers. While persons employed by foreign states in their embassies and consulates generally enjoy favourable rights of access to justice under the Australian law of foreign state immunity, those retained personally by individual diplomats (commonly domestic servants) stand in a much worse position due to the excessively wide rules of diplomatic immunity. After discussing the current legal regimes in Australia and other jurisdictions, the author suggests possible strategies for improving the situation of such employees.


We study the dispersion-absorption properties in a three-level Λ-type atomic system with two closely lying lower levels. We consider two schemes: in the first, the two lower levels are coupled by decay-induced coherence, and in the second, quantum coherence is created by coupling the two lower levels to each other by a microwave field. We found that due to the decay-induced coherence or microwave-induced coherence, the dispersion-absorption properties can be controlled by the relative phase of applied fields, large index of refraction without absorption always can be obtained just by choosing proper values of the relative phase.


This paper,applying the SPSS software for statistics analysis,has studied the current situation of career decision-making self-efficacy for senior college students by means of questionnaire-data collection.The career decision-making self-efficacy is studied from four dimensions: gender,students' quality,family finance,and time for formulatinf their occupations.


Specific treatment of age-related aortic wall arteriosclerosis and stiffening is lacking. Because ligands for peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor &ggr; have beneficial effects on the arterial wall in atherosclerosis, via an antiinflammatory mechanism, we investigated whether long-term pioglitazone (Pio) treatment protects against another form of vascular wall disease, arteriosclerosis. We evaluated, in a rat model of elastocalcinotic arteriosclerosis (hypervitaminosis D and nicotine [VDN]), whether Pio (3 mg · kg−1 per day for 1.5 month PO) attenuated arteriosclerosis and its consequences: aortic wall rigidity, increased aortic pulse pressure, and left ventricular hypertrophy. In VDN rats, medial calcification was associated with monocyte/macrophage infiltration and induction of tumor necrosis factor &agr; and interleukin 1&bgr;. Pio increased nuclear peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor &ggr; immunostaining in the aortic wall, decreased tumor necrosis factor &agr; (P<0.05 versus VDN Pio−), tended to decrease interleukin 1&bgr; mRNA expression (P=0.08 versus VDN Pio−), blunted aortic wall calcification (271±69, P<0.05 versus VDN Pio− 562±87 &mgr;mol · g−1 dry weight) and prevented fragmentation of elastic fibers (segments per 10 000 &mgr;m2: 8.4±0.3; P<0.05 versus VDN Pio− 10.5±0.6). Pio reduced aortic wall stiffness (elastic modulus/wall stress: 4.8±0.6; P<0.05 versus VDN Pio− 10.0±1.6), aortic pulse pressure (30±2 mm Hg; P<0.05 versus VDN Pio− 39±4) and left ventricular hypertrophy (1.58±0.05 g · kg−1; P<0.05 versus VDN Pio− 1.76±0.06). In conclusion, long-term Pio treatment attenuates aortic wall elastocalcinosis and, thus, lowers aortic wall stiffness, aortic pulse pressure, and left ventricular hypertrophy.


To improve understanding of explosive welding and relate the effect of the process variables on the physical parameters, the smooth particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method in the LS-DYNA 12.0 finite element program was adopt to simulate the process of two-layer steel explosive welding. Temperature field near the stagnation point was calculated according to the work-heat transfer theory. Finally, the formation mechanism of the interface wave was analyzed under the condition that strain field, temperature field etc. were considered. The results show that: the phenomenon of jetting and the interfacial waves observed in explosive welding were quite well reproduced in these simulations; the changing collision angle with propagation distance is directly responsible for the change in interface morphology from wavy to smooth at the welding front; the maximum stress ,strain and temperature are localised at the wavy interface zone; the maximum temperatures near the interface will be high enough under proper conditions and this will be helpful for the formation of the jet and the wavy interface.


A central question in quantum chemistry is the accurate, balanced treatment of strong and dynamical correlation. Current realizations of DFT provide a reasonable treatment of dynamical correlation but fail to properly describe strong correlation. Bruno Senjean explores a recently proposed novel approach to strong correlation within the framework of DFT – namely, site-occupation embedding theory (SOET), in which the noninteracting Kohn–Sham system of standard DFT is replaced by a partially interacting system consisting of an interacting (strongly correlated) impurity site embedded in noninteracting bath sites. As a first attempt at turning SOET into a practical tool, Senjean applies SOET to systems described by theHubbardHamiltonian, proposing a simple two-level impurity local density approximation with promising results for systems in the strongly as well as weakly correlated regimes. This development paves the way for extensions of SOET to larger systems and more realistic Hamiltonians.


The roles of slightly crosslinked poly( dimethyldiallylammonium chloride) s( PDMDAACs) in fixing anionic dyes on cotton fabric were verified more precisely by optical analysis technologies,to achieve the new theoretical guides for the widely applications. Firstly,one method of optical CIELAB color difference analysis was designed to exactly measure the values of dyefixing performances, so that the suitable molecular weights and structures of the slightly crosslinked PDMDAACs could be precisely confirmed to play a role in the development of their dye-fixing performances. Secondly,the FT-IR absorption shift of the dye on dyed cotton sample fixed by slightly crosslinked PDMDAACs was nearly in agreement with that of forming water-insoluble color lakes,indicating that the expected color lakes could be formed on dyed cotton fabric,and would play a role in further development of the fastness of dyes on cotton fabric. Thirdly,the FT-IR spectra of fixed undyed cotton samples and that of fixed dyed cotton samples both showed the absorptions of slightly crosslinked PDMDAACs,further revealing that the slightly crosslinked PDMDAACs could be penetrated into cotton fabric and be convenient to interact with dyes when fixing. However,those absorptions of the slightly crosslinked PDMDAACs fixed on cotton samples would be absent after being adequately washed to a constant weight,suggesting that the fixing interactions of the slightly crosslinked PDMDAAC and cotton fabric were very weak.


Locally noncentrosymmetric CeRh$_{2}$As$_{2}$ exhibits characteristic two-phase unconventional $H$--$T$ superconducting phase diagram. The transition from even- to odd-parity superconducting phase is supported by the P4/nmm crystal structure and it can be induced by the external magnetic field. Dual nature of the Ce $f$ electrons and competition between their itinerant and localized nature can be important for its physical proprieties. The existing electronic band structure in this material is still under debate. Energy scale occurring in the system can be important for adequate theoretical description of its supercomputing properties. In this paper, we discuss electronic band structure obtained from {\it ab initio} calculations. We analyze electronic surface states which can be compared with recently obtained angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy measurement (ARPES). Additionally, we present the analyses of the hopping parameters obtained from the electronic band structure. The As-Rh layers are characterized by much more significant hopping parameters between atoms than these obtained for the Ce-Ce atoms. This suggests need of a revision of the tight binding model necessary for adequate description of the physical properties of CeRh$_{2}$As$_{2}$.


Service discovery is vital in enabling interoperability of distributed service-based applications. In mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), discovery must cope not only with transient communication but also with an environment in which mobile nodes are autonomous and connectivity is opportunistic. The use of syntactic service interfaces in MANETs requires a priori agreement on interface names, limiting node autonomy and the range of provided services. A more flexible discovery mechanism can be provided with the use of ontologies. Since the use of a single ontology to describe all services also requires a priori agreement on a common semantic representation, a more realistic assumption is the use of heterogeneous ontologies. However, this assumption poses many technical challenges by requiring a mechanism to match the different ontologies and make provided services available to all nodes. This paper presents a model to support such semantic service discovery in MANETs. A core part of the model is the distributed approach to ontology matching and service discovery. We rely on the use of a novel gossip protocol to randomly disseminate ontology concepts, thereby creating a semantic overlay network. We present the gossip protocol and an evaluation demonstrating its scalability and discovery properties.


The liquid-phase oxidation of cyclohexene with dioxygen in the presence of mononuclear chelate N,N' -propylene-bis(2-methyl-1-benzoylglyoxal-1-phenylhydrazoneiminato)copper(II) (1), zeolite-anchored complexes 1, and a polynuclear derivative obtained by condensation of 1 with benzidine was studied.


Abstract By taste panel approach the perception of chocolate was measured and analysed. Different types of Belgian, English and Polish solid chocolate bars were evaluated according to organoleptic attributes and package characteristics. Trials in the assessment of the approximate preferences of consumers were undertaken. Methodology applied consisted of discriminatory tests, to check the panelists' ability for sensory recognition, and descriptive tests used for training the assessors, to obtain the panel of experts and also for the assessment of chocolate characteristics. Preferences of the assessors differed but some trends were noticed. Independently of age, sex and country of origin of the panelists, the best chocolate brands were those of A, B (Belgian) and D (English) companies. The chocolate industry has already recognised a need for sensory analysis. Descriptive analyses are not only performed as the quality control tool but also help in the process modification, package performance and product dev...


This paper reports on the 1990 amendments to the Clean Air act which requires that by the year 2000 electric utilities reduce their emissions of SO{sub 2} to about one half of their 1980 levels. The Clean Air Act (CAA), passed in 1963, allowed the federal government, under certain conditions, to impose air quality rules on the states. Subsequent CAA amendments extended the original CAA legislation to include federal control of certain emission sources, mandated air quality standards, and the requirement that specific compliance measures be used. The 1990 amendments require that coal burning power plants reduce their SO{sub 2} emissions over two Phases. Phase 1 begins in 1995 and continues through 1999; Phase 2 begins in 2000 and continues indefinitely.


The catalysts classify,preparation method,pore structure properties and hydrogenation activity of different hydrotreating catalysts for residue were reviewed,and the advantages and disadvantages were discussed. Several kinds of novel homogeneous catalysts were introduced which were shown higher activity than conventional catalyst,but were hard to be industrialized due to their high preparation cost. It is can be seen from the development of carrier,active component and additive for the heterogeneous catalyst,the modification of heterogeneous catalyst are still the prospective development trends for the residue hydrotreating catalyst.


The utility model discloses a lighting assembly substrate and a lighting assembly. The lighting assembly substrate comprises a sapphire substrate, and the sapphire substrate has a surface formed by a plurality of cones. Each cone has a length within a range of 1.4 to 1.9 [mu]m, and a diameter within a range of 2.4 to 2.9 [mu]m, and the base angle formed by the bottom of each cone and the horizontal surface of the sapphire substrate is within a range of 40 to 80 degrees. The plurality of cones are uniformly distributed on the sapphire substrate and are not contacted each other, the distance between top points of adjacent two cones is within a range of 2.5 to 3.5 [mu]m, and the distance between the bottoms of adjacent two cones is within a range of 0.1 to 0.6 [mu]m. Further, the lighting assembly substrate comprises an intermediary layer covering the sapphire substrate so as to increase the growing speed of epitaxy, thereby increasing the output.


Background: Obstetric haemorrhage accounts for 20-25% of maternal mortality and morbidity. Anti-fibrinolytics are being widely used in field of surgery. It is also used to reduce heavy menstrual blood loss. The aim of this study was to analyse the effectiveness of TXA in reducing blood loss during normal vaginal delivery.Methods: The randomized double-blind control study was done in the Labour ward. It was conducted on 100 women undergoing Normal vaginal delivery. They were allocated to either Study or Control group by randomization. TXA was given during the Third stage of delivery in study group in addition to the routine care whereas the control group had routine care alone. Blood loss was measured in both groups by bag method.Results: The significant of reduction in blood loss calculated from placental delivery to 2hrs. 141.9 ml in study group versus 270.4 ml in control group. Among primi patients, the control group average blood loss was 325ml, the study group avg blood loss was 169ml. Among G2 patients, the control group average blood loss was 248.5ml. The study group average blood loss was 128.25ml. Among G3 patients, the control group average blood loss was 203ml, the study group average blood loss was 115ml.Conclusions: TXA significantly reduced the amount of blood loss during normal vaginal delivery. Thus, TXA can be used safely and effectively in subjects undergoing normal vaginal delivery.


The features and educational requirements of the industrial and postindustrial societies are discussed. It is noted, that for a difficult period - the transition to a postindustrial society for the successful solution of the emerging problems, especially educational ones, it is necessary to use a synergetic and systemic approaches, taking into account the information properties of social systems and to consider a person as a «particle» (quantum) of a social system possessing both discrete (biomechanical) and continuous (field) properties. Two models of the innovative education, the social significance of the educational sphere and the goals and objectives of the innovative educational process, taking into account modern requirements and the future of Russia, are considered.


Objective To observe the relationship between surgery time and effect on enophthalmos resulted from a blow-out fracture of orbit. Methods To perform an operation on 13 patients of 16 eyes who suffer from enophthamos caused by bolw-out fracture of orbit.Patients undergoing enophthalmos were operated either by opening the orbit through an incision under the conjunctiva or under the bottom eyelids,or by opening the orbit through incisions in the conjunctiva and the oral cavity.To use different incision and different wadding,and their effect was observed. Results The result of the operation was much better for patients who suffered from the trauma of eye for less than two weeks than for those who suffered from it for more than two months. Conclusions For patients undergoing enophthalmos caused by a crepitant frature in orbit,it is the best way to perform an operation as early as possible.


History and epidemiology of abortion techniques for abortion microbiology of septic abortion spectrum of pelvic infection following abortion distant infection complication infection septic pelvic vein thrombophlebitis treatment of septic abortion septic shock and abortion.


A dimeric secoiridoid glucoside named lisianthioside (1) has been isolated from the roots of Lisianthius jefensis ROBYNS et ELIAS (Gentianaceae). The structure was established by spectroscopic analysis (UV, IR, 1 H- and 13 C-NMR, DCI-MS) of glycoside 1, peracetate 1a, aglycone 3 and the dimethoxy derivatives 4a-c. Lisianthioside (1) is the first representative of a novel type of dimeric secoiridoids. Biogenetically derived from two sweroside (2) moieties, the tricyclic aglycone features a symmetrical 12-membered bislactone ring. In contrast to the moderately bitter sweroside (2), lisianthioside (1) is tasteless


The article aims to describe the use of different languages by presenter infotainment Indosiar terms of accuracy and suitability choice of words. The research datais an extract speech language diversity in the television presenter infotainment KISS Indosiar, while that will be thesource ofthe data is KISS on television infotainment Indosiar. Data collected by recording technique andrecord engineering. The findings ofthe studyare, (1) variety of languageused by the presenter infotainment KISS in Indosiar are various casual, (2) appropriate selection of words seen by the useof synonyms, words of his own creation, and foreign words, (3) the suitability of the choice of words seen by the use of popular words, words of jargon and slang words.


professional degradation, which prevents further service in law enforcement agencies. The article considers the factors of professional development, examinessocio-economic living conditions, increased legal regulation of labor, multilateral social control by state and public bodies, private conflict nature of employee interactions with citizen sasfactors in the formation of professional deformation of lawen forcement officers. It was revealed that the key factors in the occurrence of professional deviations in law enforcement officers are the detailed legal regulationo factivities; availability of power over citizens; professional corporatism; in creased responsibility for the results of their activities; mental and physical stress; extremity of activity; organizational factors; the need to come into contact withoffendersin the process of performing official duties; lack of proper psychological support for law enforcement.


The schemes for cable force measurement during construction of Yamen Bridge are described and the principle of the cable force measurement with frequency method is dealt with in considerable details. Part of the results of the measurement is presented and ways to improve the accuracy of the measurements are discussed as well.


Protective effects of heat stress from endotoxin induced lung injury and shock is attributed to the induction of a heat stress protein (HSP70).In-vitro, endotoxin prior to heat has been shown to increase TNF production and decrease HSP70 induction. The objective of this study was to determine if endotoxin decreases the synthesis of heat induced HSP70in-vivo. Twenty five rats were randomly assigned to 5 groups: Group 1, controls, received saline infusion. Group 2 received only endotoxin (LPS) infusion over 2 min. Group 3 received heat stress (42°C for 10 min). Group 4 received heat stress followed two hrs later by LPS infusion. Group 5 received LPS infusion followed two hrs later by heat stress. Animals were sacrificed two hrs after final treatment, the spleen was removed, splenocytes were washed, and inducible HSP70 was determined by Western blot. Densitometry analysis for each HSP band was compared to its corresponding actin band and reported as% actin. Group 1, control spleen cells were negligible for inducible HSP70 (0.58 ±0.63). Group 2, treated with LPS only were similar to controls (0.33 ±0.44). Group 3, receiving heat stress only had the greatest amount of HSP70 induced (84.4 ±20.2) and were similar to group 4, treated with heat stress followed by LPS (65.4 ±10.2). However, HSP70 induction was suppressed in group 5, pretreated with LPS prior to heat stress (21.0 ±8.0) which was different from groups 3(p<0.007) and group 4 (p<0.004). The suppression of HSP 70 in group 5 was reversed by washing the splenocytes and incubating them for two additional hours which resulted in increased HSP70 synthesis (70.8 ±33.9) similar to group 3.


SUMMARY The recreational use of metropolitan beaches is an important but neglected aspect of recreational research in Australia. This paper discusses the results of a survey of beach use in the Perth metropolitan area and also examines travel patterns associated with beach usage. The most popular beaches draw people from throughout the metropolitan area and many people are prepared to travel relatively long distances to visit a particular beach. However, although a distance‐decay effect is apparent, there is little relationship between the pattern of trip generation in Perth and either demographic or status differences between suburbs. It is suggested that further research should focus on temporal aspects of beach usage.


In the past ten years,the advent of bulk amorphous alloys has improved our understanding of
amorphous state alloys and created more opportunities for further application of amorphous alloys. In this article,we focus on results of the latest studies on the deformation and fracture of Zr-hased bulk amorphous alloys, review the history of bulk amorphous alloys and briefly describe their mechanical properties.


In this work, we prove a new result of resolvent operators generated by the lattice operator, investigate the existence and asymptotic stability of mild solutions for a class of lattice stochastic integrodifferential equations with infinite delays driven by fractional Brownian motion. With the help of Banach fixed point theorem and some inequality technique, the existence of mild solutions are obtained. Then, by some sufficient conditions to ensure the asymptotic stability of mild solutions in the mean square moment.


The authors optimized the flow cytometric dichlorofluorescin (DCFH)‐oxidation assay for buffy coat neutrophil and monocyte respiratory burst activity. Sample handlings were minimized, monocytes identified with a CD14 antibody, and viability evaluated with propidium iodide. Sodium citrate was a better anticoagulant than heparin, with a more intense Yersinia enterocolitica (YER)‐induced dichlorofluorescein (DCF)‐fluorescence intensity and a higher proportion of DCF‐positive cells. EDTA was unsuitable as an anticoagulant with reduced cell viability and poor DCF response. Exposure of cells to YER, phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) or N‐formyl‐methionyl‐leucyl‐phenylalanine (FMLP) elicited two neutrophil subpopulations, one with low and the other with high forward light scattering properties. FMLP induced only a marginal DCF response, but after YER or PMA, virtually all neutrophils responded with an increased DCF production. During optimal conditions, the resulting DCF‐fluorescence histogram was two‐peaked, and the subset of cells with increased forward light scattering properties corresponded to the cells with intense DCF‐fluorescence. A similar heterogeneity was frequently but not always observed amongst monocytes. The results indicate that in the peripheral blood there are at least two neutrophil and monocyte populations. One is an effective responder to stimuli, the other exhibiting a moderate response only. Properly optimized, the DCFH‐oxidation assay may be used for evaluating neutrophil and monocyte subsets in a clinical setting.


The pathogenic fungus Aspergillus parasiticus Speare, a "habitat destroyer"Cacoxenus perspicax (Knab), and a parasitoid Anagyrus saccharicola Timberlake are the major natural enemies of the sugarcane mealybug Saccharicoccus sacchari (Cockerell) in the Bundaberg area. Their abundance varied over a 17‐month period and may have been linked to January‐March rainfall. The number of An. saccharicola emerging from a mummy depended on the host size. Five insect predators, Chrysopa innota Walker, Elaunon bipartitus (Kirby), Nala lividipes (Dufour), Halmus ovalis (Blackburn) and Isauria aphidovora (Meyrick) and 3 additional fungal pathogens, Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff), Penicillium sp. and Cordyceps sp. are recorded. A parasitoid of C. perspicax, Chartocerus (Xana) sp. is also recorded. The ants, Pheidole megacephala (F.), Paratrechina obscura Mayr and Iridomyrmex sp. are involved in mutualistic behaviour with S. sacchari.


Ihe doctrine about the conditions in which the different phcnomena of vowcl contact are realized in (ireck (prodelision, elision, crasis, synizesis) is described in thc most commonly used treaties of prosody. Nevertheless, not always do editors of Greek poetry (especially drama) take into account the possibility of admitting these phcnornena in order to explain corrupt or suspect readings. This is what thc author of this essay attem~ts in order to explain 18 tragie texts. He adds up other cases of monosyllabic scansioll of groups. i, tu + vowel. This subjcct gives him cause for reexaminig the problem of Ihe supposed «dactyl» u the trochaic tetrameter of the Comedy. whose existelice he denies.


We studied the feeding ecology of the Mysore slender loris (Loris lydekkerianus lydekkerianus) for 10.5 mo in a dry scrub forest at Ayyalur Interface Forestry Division, Tamil Nadu, South India. We recorded and analyzed 1240 feeding incidents, which indicate that the lorises were almost exclusively faunivorous, with 96% of all feeding events representing animal prey. Of prey items that could be identified (n = 605), 62.9% were ants and termites. Lorises fed on ≥9 orders and 17 families of insects, plus spiders, molluscs, and small vertebrates. Lorises infrequently fed on gums and a legume pod. They usually grabbed prey with one hand, while other appendages firmly held the substrate. Many of the identifiable prey items belong to insect taxa likely to contain toxic chemicals. Consumption of insects inferred to be toxic was accompanied by an elaborate behavioral repertoire of sneezing, slobbering and urine-washing. A high proportion of insects eaten by slender lorises (71%) occurred in patches or aggregations. The utilization of aggregated social insects may have implications for understanding the unusually high degree of gregarious behavior exhibited by the lorises.


An unmarried woman, aged 41, was admitted to the Second Medical Service at Bellevue Hospital, under Dr. Eugene Du Bois, Aug. 9, 1923, complaining of stabbing pains of four months' duration in the sacrum; the pains radiated to the right leg and to the amputation stump of the left leg. The patient stated that, at the age of 8, the left leg had been amputated at the midthigh, because of injury. Immediately after operation, she wore a crutch on the left side and has continued to do so ever since. At 23, pain in the right kidney region and urinary symptoms led to an exploratory operation, which disclosed a tuberculous kidney, and a nephrectomy was done. Just before this, the patient had fallen and fractured the right patella. This was repaired, by open operation, at the same time that the nephrectomy was done. After this operation, she used two crutches


This research paper examines the use of technology in managing mass casualty incidents. This work assesses the current state of technical advancements, such software inventions, hardware technology, robotics, telemedicine, and artificial intelligence. It also identifies the challenges and limitations of using technology, such as technical issues and financial constraints. The paper provides insights and recommendations for effective integration of technology in mass casualty incident management to improve response times, reduce casualties, and enhance situational awareness. As a result, we have proposed a software solution for patient triage and transportation. All of which increases chances of successfully managing mass casualty incidents.


J is appropriate to start by reviewing the rationale of mass detection for coronary-proneness. Coronary heart disease (CHD) today is a problem of epidemic proportions in the economically developed countries. In many countries, in fact, rates are still rising.'-5 In the United States 6oo,ooo deaths were recorded from this cause in i965, about one third of all fatalities. Of these 6ooooo deaths about I65,000 were in persons in the prime productive years of life: under 65. And for every fatal episode, at least two nonfatal disabling events occur. The average apparently healthy American male has a 20% risk of developing clinical CHD before 6o.(; The female is somewhat better off, but by no means immune. One other aspect of this disease needs to be emphasized to help determine a strategy to stem this epidemic: a cardinal characteristic of CHD is that it often-i.e., in about 20% of first attacks-leads to sudden death; it produces a high over-all acute mortality rate (30 to 40%) in


SHORTLY after the discovery of X-ray and the isolation of radium at the turn of the century, radiation was found to be a useful research tool and to offer promises of high utility in the fields of medicine and industry. The potentially harmful properties of X-rays and naturally occurring radioactive materials, such as radium and thorium, were also recognized at an early date. Pierre Curie, H. Becquerel, E. Grubbe, and other scientists reported cases of dermatitis, epilation, and other types of damage from X-rays and injuries traceable to radiation from radium prior to 1900. Nevertheless, as X-rays were used in World War I for industrial radiographic purposes, only minimal precautions were observed ini many instances. The equipment itself did not possess the safety features found on modern


Departments of*Bolany, AJ-.10, and tMicrobiology, SC-42, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195; :f:Depart11rent of Agricultural Chentistry, Collrge nf Agric11lt11re, Chonbuk National llniversily, Chonju, Chonbuk .560-750, Seoul, Korea; §Fruit and Vegetable Insect Research Unit, U11itcd States [Jepartn1enf of Agriculture and Agricultural Research Service, 3706 \Vest Noh Hill Boulevard, Yakhna, Woshingfo11 98!J02; and �lll81JA Forest Service, North Central Forest Experintent Station, Pesticide Research Center, Mif'higun Stale University, East f�an,o;ing, Michigan 48824


This paper deals with child-language-acquisition disorders in the area of grammar, and it presents some of the results from our research study on developmental dysphasia in German children. An attempt is made to characterize dysphasia in terms of a selective deficit of an otherwise normal linguistic system. It is argued that dysphasic children have problems in establishing agreement relations in grammar. As is shown for various grammatical phenomena, such as word order, inflectional morphology, word classes, and types of constituents, this condition accounts for the structures which are blocked in dysphasia as well as for those which are still accessible


Electroslag remelting has been established as a new measure for the production of quality steels. Many properties of ESR steels are dramatically superior to those of conventionally produced steels. Majority of inclusions are eliminated during ESR depending on slag composition, temperature and melt rate. Usually, after ESR, the metal does not contain sany inclusion larger than 10-12 mm. The pronounced effect of ESR is a feasible and effective method of further enhancing the ductility and charpy U-notch toughness, with some improvement in strength as a result of refinement. ESR is a convenient and economic route for processing steels and alloys which are otherwise difficult to process.


Browsing the literature used to mean taking a chair in the library and settling in for an afternoon's archaeological dig into the mountains of paper journals. Or perhaps the mail would bring stacks of preprints, assuming you knew the right people and were on the right lists. No longer. For a growing number of physicists, keeping up with fresh developments is a matter of electronically reading a daily digest of preprints, retrieving those of interest, and having the full text and graphics deposited almost instantly in one's e-mail box.


: The inhibitory effect of terbutaline and isoprenaline on the anaphylactic release of spasmogens from the lung tissue of the ovalbumin-sensitized guinea-pig was investigated. In the tested concentrations 2 × 10-9-2 × 10-5 M terbutaline showed a dose-dependent inhibition in all except the lowest concentration. Isoprenaline was about twenty times as potent as terbutaline in preventing the release of histamine.


The oxygen dependence of oxidase enzyme electrodes is successfully addressed through the use of carbon paste biosensors with fluorocarbon pasting liquids. Due to the high oxygen solubility in perfluorocarbons, such pasting liquids provide an internal supply of oxygen, and efficient operation of first-generation oxidase electrodes under oxygen-deficit conditions. In particular, the use of poly(chlorotrifluorethylene) (Kel-F) oil results in an identical response up to 4 × 10-2 M glucose, in the presence and absence of oxygen. Such oxygen independence compares favorably with that reported for mediator or wired enzyme electrodes. The internal supply of oxygen of a Kel-F/carbon paste enzyme microelectrode is not depleted over a prolonged operation under oxygen-deficient conditions. The oxygen effect upon the kinetic parameters of the immobilized enzyme is examined for a variety of pasting liquids. Such attention to the oxygen demand addresses numerous practical biosensor applications, involving low or fluctuat...


Introduction: Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic began in China in December 2019 and was reported as a cluster of pneumonia cases of unknown aetiology from Wuhan, Hubei. Its origin is believed to be from an animal source in an individuals after he visited the local seafood and animal market in Wuhan and after which community transmission led to the initial endemic turning into a pandemic. Infection prevention and control (IP&C) practices are said to upmost important in maintaining a safe environment for everyone by reducing the risk of the potential spread of the disease. Such practices are designed so as to reduce the risk of hospital-associated infections and also to ensure a safe and healthy environment for patients, healthcare providers and visitors. Aim and Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine and understand the knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding infection control among dental practitioners and dental students during the ongoing pandemic. Materials and Methods: A total of 1005 responders participated and completed a structured questionnaire based online survey. Convenient sampling was adopted for data collection and the distribution of responses was presented as frequencies and percentage. Descriptive statistics were carried out for all groups and subgroups. Results: Overall awareness for all subgroups was found to be adequate with 90% reporting correct answers. More than three-fourths of the responders were aware of the importance of infection control in dental clinics and 95% of responders were aware about the WHO guidelines. Only 0.7% of responders were unaware of the importance of hand hygiene and other infection control practices. Conclusion: Even though the study results shows a satisfactory level of cognizance among the participants, the need for periodic educational interventions and training programs regarding infection control practices pertaining to COVID-19 across all healthcare professions should not be overlooked. Occupational health and safety is always considered of paramount importance to minimize the risk of transmission to healthcare students and professionals and provide optimal care for patients.


The innovation concept has acknowledged a lot of attention in recent years. Few studies have examined that innovation in India is becoming a common practice within the hospitals to improve performance. Although, innovation practices is significant among large private hospitals, but the concept of innovation practices is still lacking among small and medium private hospitals. Therefore, research main objective is at examining the factors that affect the innovation performance of small and medium private hospitals namely open innovation practices. Subsequently, it is also pertinent to scrutinize the role of service innovation orientation, organisational learning, and innovation culture on open innovation that lead to innovation performance. The study contributes to the literature by presenting interview findings of the study. The interview findings will offer an introductory insight on the relationship between open innovation to innovation performance of small and medium private hospitals. In practical point of view, the findings of the study provide useful information to service providers and policy makers to improve the overall performance of small and medium private hospitals.