Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University,dr. Kariadi Hospital, Semarang, Indonesia Article Info History: Received: 07 July 2019 Accepted: 17 March 2020 Available: 30 April 2020 Abstract Background: Contraceptive injection is the most common contraception used in Indonesia. Among the contraceptive injections, depomedroxy progesterone acetate (DMPA) is the most effective method with a pregnancy rate of 0,3 pregnancy in 100 women annually. Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is a common side effect occurred in DMPA users which leads to the discontinuation of contraception. Tranexamic acid (TXA) can be used as an alternative therapy for AUB due to DMPA injection, if bleeding still occurs after low dose OCP therapy. Objective: To explore the effect of TXA on bleeding length for DMPA users with AUB who receive low dose Oral Contraceptive Pills(OCP). Methods: We performed a double-blind randomized control trial between two groups to investigate the effect of TXA in managing AUB in DMPA users who receive low dose OCP. This study was performed in dr. Kariadi Hospital Semarang, Indonesia. Forty-four subjects were divided into two groups, equally. Group 1 received 250 mg TXA four times a day for 5 days and OCP once a day for 28 days, while Group 2 received placebo four times a day for 5 days and OCP once a day for 28 days. Both groups were evaluated for bleeding length during treatment and were analyzed using Mann Whitney. Results: The mean bleeding length was 5.2±3.62 days and 9.2±6.16 days in group 1 and 2 respectively. These bleeding lengths were significantly different between both groups (p=0.018). The percentage of subjects in whom bleeding was stopped during the first week after initial treatment was significantly higher in group 1 than group 2 (77.3 % VS 45.5 %, p<0.050). Conclusion: TXA significantly reduced the bleeding length in DMPA users who use OCP. TXA can be used as alternative therapy to enhance the OCP effectivity for AUB due to DMPA.


Hematology is a comprehensive discipline covering all oncological and non-oncological aspects of diseases of the blood or related organs. Hematological researchers have been pivotal in the progress which has been made in molecular diagnostics, targeted therapies, and hence personalized medicine. Besides the rapid scientific and clinical developments political and strategic issues have to be addressed: Education of medical personnel needs harmonization throughout Europe; patients all over Europe should have equal access to treatment, and further scientific progress has to be secured through funding on a national, European and international level despite economic restraints. The European Hematology Association (EHA) pursues these issues with and for all European hematologists and patients.


On the basis of expatiating land price index,the DingJi and HuanBi land price index are adopted to calculate land price of different use and degree in Huhhot from 2001 to 2005.The analysis about change of land price level from different angle is carried out,and the reasons about land price change are analyzed from general and district elements.Adopting the way of linear regression,the forecast for land price change tendency of the five years in future is carried out.The conclusion is that land price will not appear fast advancing tendency,which is slightly lower than the level in 2005.The accomplishment will provide basis for strengthening management of land price and adjusting land market.


Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) is a major vegetable crop of India. It is grown in all seasons and almost in all parts of India. It is cultivated over an area of 0.5 million hectares with an annual production of 8.7 million tonnes (2). The leaf spot of brinjal caused by Alternaria alternata is characterized by small, circular, brown, necrotic spots. On fruit, the lesions are small (+0.5cm/dia), concentric, dark brown and sunken, becoming due to spore formation, coalescing and sometimes covering the entire surface, affected young seedlings become blighted, charred and ultimate death occurrence. There are many methods which are presently being used to control various plant pathogens including leaf spot pathogen i.e. chemical, biological, cultural etc. Due to increased awareness about the risks involved in use of pesticides, much attention is being focused on the alternative methods of pathogen control. The spiraling up cost of chemical fungicides particularly in those countries where pesticides are imported, pollution to soil, water and air by the accumulation of chemical residues due to continuous use of fungicides and development of resistance the pathogen has also been reported (5) races to these chemicals are therefore now facing the scientists to look for methods which are ecofriendly, safe and specific for pathogens. Keeping in view the problem of chemical management of plant diseases, the use of plant extracts and bio control agent were evaluated both in vitro and in vivo to find out their efficacies for eco-friendly in the management of plant diseases. The effect of five plant extracts such as neem seed kernel extract (Azadirachita indica), onion (Allium cepa), garlic (A. sativum) beal (Aegle marmelos) bitter melon (Citrullus colocynthis) were tested at three different concentrations 5, 10 and 15 percent following the method of (8) with certain modifications. The required plant parts were thoroughly washed with sterile water and grind separately in electric grinder using equal amount of sterile distilled water. The mixture was squeezed with double layered sterilized Cheese cloth. The plant extracts were sterilized by passing through 0.22 mm filter (Millipore). Required amount of stock solution was added to PDA to get desired (5, 10 and 15 percent) concentrations. The effect of plant extracts against mycelial growth of A. alternata was tested by poisoned food techniques. The plant extract was mixed thoroughly in melted PDA, just before pouring in sterilized 9 cm diameter Petri plates and was allowed to solidify for 12 hours. Each plate was inoculated with 5 mm disc of mycelial bit taken with the help of sterilized cork borer from the periphery of 7 days old culture of A. alternata growing on PDA. The inoculated Petri plates were incubated at 25 +1 0


The tight connection between mass and energy unveiled by Special Relativity, summarized by the iconic formula $E = mc^2$, has revolutionized our understanding of nature and even shaped our political world over the past century through its military application. It is certainly one of the most exhaustively-tested and well-known equations of modern science. Although we have become used to its most obvious implication -- mass-energy equivalence --, it is surprising that one of its subtle -- yet, inevitable -- consequences is still a matter of confusion: the so-called hidden momentum. Often considered as a peculiar feature of specific systems or as an artifact to avoid paradoxal situations, here we present a new relativistic "paradox" which exposes the true nature and ubiquity of hidden momentum. We also show that hidden momentum can be forced to reveal itself through observable effects, hopefully putting an end to decades of controversy about its reality.


Cryptococcus neoformans is one of the leading causes of opportunistic fungal infections in immunocompromised individuals worldwide. Currently available antimycotic agents target a limited repertoire of fungal-specific cell wall or membrane components, and have high toxicity, poor efficacy and are few in number. As Cryptococcus is responsible for over 625,000 deaths annually within a growing cohort of susceptible individuals, particularly the AIDS population, the need for new agents to target this growing threat is vital. To address this issue of limited treatment options in fungi, a dual approach was taken to identify new strategies for antifungal development in Cryptococcus. Firstly, a historically productive source of antiproliferative therapies, the purine metabolic pathway, was examined and a specific candidate protein, IMP dehydrogenase (IMPDH) was characterised in particular detail. Secondly, a more holistic, unbiased method was used to identify novel targets by examining the process of microevolution in the genomes of serial clinical isolates of Cryptococcus, a phenomenon commonly observed in pathogenic fungi. Key enzymes involved in GTP biosynthesis and salvage in Cryptococcus, IMPDH and hypoxanthine xanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase, respectively, were initially identified and characterised. Mutants in the salvage enzyme displayed no phenotype except in the presence of inhibitors of IMP dehydrogenase, and were unaffected for virulence in animal models. In contrast, IMPDH mutants are auxotrophs, yet exhibit a variety of phenotypic defects even when supplemented with salvageable substrates. Notably, strains deficient in the enzyme are avirulent in animal models and are cleared rapidly from the lungs. Cryptococcus is particularly sensitive to the widely utilised IMPDH inhibitor mycophenolic acid, although a rare subtype that possesses a naturally resistant isoform was identified. Extensive protein mutagenesis revealed that a combination of two residues near the active sites is required for resistance, in a strikingly similar fashion to a distantly related IMPDH from a highly MPA resistant protozoan parasite. Functional studies of the two enzymes suggested they possess a similar kinetic profile to the other major fungal pathogen Candida albicans, in which IMPDH has been proposed as a drug target. The structure for both proteins in complex with substrate and inhibitor was solved by X-ray crystallography, which will guide future structure-based drug design efforts. Crucially, addition of IMP dehydrogenase inhibitors was found to be protective against Cryptococcus infection in an animal model, validating the approach. Existing genome data from an intensively studied isolate of Cryptococcus was next explored for structural variations that may influence pathogenicity. Synteny analysis of the clinically dominant C. neoformans var. grubii genome in comparison with two less clinically prevalent subtypes revealed it harbours a surprisingly limited number of large genome rearrangements. Six inversions and one duplication were identified which are unique to the var. grubii clade, all which appear to have arisen recently. In addition, a large translocation was identified in the genome strain only, which disrupted two genes of unknown function. Gene knockouts in a related strain showed they affected three key cryptococcal virulence factors, although overall virulence is unaffected in animal models. One of the genes is involved specifically with the metabolism of glucose at human body temperature, while the other is a homeodomain-containing transcription factor of unknown function. To identify selective pressures occurring in vivo that may be new antifungal targets, a panel of serial Cryptococcus isolates taken over the course of an infection were analysed phenotypically and their karyotypes mapped using a Southern hybridisation strategy. Aneuploidies, duplications and translocations were all identified in these strains during mitotic cell growth within the human host. All strains except one displayed regular changes in the size of the rDNA repeat, which may represent a concerted strategy during infection. Notably, a region on the left arm of chromosome 8 was found in variable copy number in three separate isolates, while another strain developed an isochromosome of the left arm of chromosome 12 from an initial chromosome 12 aneuploidy. This latter strain was extensively characterised, revealing profound differences in phenotype, virulence components and pathogenesis during infection in a mammalian model. Generation of karyotypic variation may be a common strategy during cryptococcal infection, and further analysis of isolates may reveal trends in gene duplications that present attractive drug targets. The contrasting approaches adopted in this work provide promising results and present multiple avenues for further study and chemotherapeutic agent development. The comprehensive genetic, structural and functional characterisation of IMPDH in conjunction with in vivo virulence studies establishes a robust foundation for development and optimization of fungal-specific inhibitors in de novo GTP biosynthesis, while whole genome sequencing efforts already initiated will precisely characterise genomic changes occurring in strains evolving under long term selection. Unconventional approaches such as these will be required to more effectively treat the increasing burden of life-threatening systemic fungal infections.


Green education is a kind of innovative education for the sustainable development.Performing environmental protection education,interpersonal relationship education and psychological health education is the elementary approach to actualize green education during medicinal chemistry experiment.


Abstract Life Imprisonment, unlike the death penalty, does not attract the attention of the doctrine. There are, however, significant developments in the European Court of Human Rights case law. In this paper, using a comparative methodology, we highlight the standard that, at international level, allows to consider Life Imprisonment compatible with human dignity-that is the right to a substantial judicial review. It is no longer acceptable that the 'last word' on the lifers' early release is still entrusted to political power.


Object recognition system (ORS) is divided into two parts namely, feature extraction and classification. Feature Extraction part consists rotation, translation and scale (RTS) invariant features. These features are used to train fuzzy min-max neural network with compensatory neuron architecture (FMCN). MPEG7 shape database is used for experimentation. Fuzzy min-max classification neural network (FMN) proposed by Simpson uses the contraction method to eliminate the overlap. FMCN eliminate the contraction method, since it is found to be erroneous. The concept compensatory neurons are inspired from the reflex system of human brain which takes over the control in hazardous condition. Compensatory neurons are getting activated when the testing sample falls in the overlapped regions of different classes. The performance of FMCN is superior than FMN with respect to recognition rate.


Drawing on the protective motivation theory and parallel response model, in this cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study ( N = 212) carried out on a sample of the general public (age 18-65), we aimed to test the potential interaction effects of fear of COVID-19 and conspiracy beliefs about groups benefitting from the COVID-19 pandemic in predicting subjective assessment of the efficacy of three COVID-19 preventive measures. The results have shown that fear of COVID-19 was positively related to a positive assessment of the efficacy of frequent disinfection of hands and surfaces, but only in people who had COVID-19 con-spiracy beliefs on an average or high level. However, on all levels of COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs, fear of COVID-19 related positively to a positive assessment of mask wearing and social distancing efficacy, however, to a different extent. We discuss the results in light of the protective motivation theory and the affiliation function of COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs and conforming to the prevention guidelines.


This paper describes several licensing systems and considers their potential for addressing the problem of young driver crashes. These systems include conventional, probationary and provisional licensing. A review of these systems provides the basis for an examination of the rationale for graduated licensing, a description of how a graduated licensing system might operate, and illustrations of how graduated licensing actually works in practice.


Vehicle detection has been applied in many fields, such as intelligent transportation, video surveillance, driving assistance system and so on. In the case of fine weather, the state-of-the-art vehicle-detection systems may achieve good performance. However, the performance has a substantial decline in bad weathers, such as fog, night and so on. Therefore, improving the performance of vehicle-detection systems in different weather conditions becomes an important issue in vehicle-detection system. In the fog or night, the quality of the images is reduced. In this paper, we propose some algorithms of image defogging and color enhancement in order to improve the performance of vehicle detection. The result of vehicle detection get much better after image processing in bad weathers.


This article based on the policy and basic model of macro-economy regulation.It tries to analyzing macro-economy regulation on the real-estate in dustry,and decides on how to regulate behavior of the government as well.What's more,it conduct coordinated development of national economy and industrial economy's department.Thereby,it put forward some advices on the policy of real-estate industry.


Coercivity variations in the NiFe/FeMn/NiFe trilayer are investigated when the thickness of the bottom and top NiFe layers is increased systematically from 2 nm to 20 nm. The trilayer shows two hysteresis loops corresponding to the two NiFe layers. When the thickness of the bottom seed NiFe layer is increased from 2 nm, after initial high values around 20–30 Oe in the 2–4 nm thickness range, the coercivity of both the loops fall steadily till 10 nm thickness. Thereafter the coercivity for the top NiFe layer shows a sharp increase in the 10–20 nm thickness range. In the case of top NiFe layer thickness variation, the peak in coercivity is observed in the 2–5 nm thickness range. For NiFe thickness of 2 nm in the case of top NiFe thickness variation, and above 10 nm thickness for seed NiFe layer thickness variation, unusually large coercivities are observed. We find that the top NiFe which forms the pinned layer shows greater coercivity in the case of both the top and bottom NiFe thickness variations. Coercivity variations are discussed on the basis of different populations of AFM (antiferromagnet) domains with differing anisotropy energy at the two NiFe/FeMn interfaces. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


The importance of incorporating a vacuum pump performance curve into a mathematical model that describes the regeneration steps in a vacuum swing adsorption (VSA) cycle was assessed. This was accomplished by evaluating the relationship between pressure and flow rate at the exit of a 13X zeolite bed, initially and uniformly saturated with 70 vol% CO2 in N2 at 333.15 K and 1 atm, which then underwent just countercurrent depressurization (CnD) and light reflux (LR) steps, i.e., the regeneration steps in a VSA cycle. Overall, this study revealed it is imperative to use a realistic vacuum pump model in cyclic adsorption process simulation, especially for estimating the ideal isentropic energy consumed during the regeneration steps in a VSA cycle, and it revealed the possible inaccurate performance predictions that might result when using a valve equation alone to describe these steps. The study on the effect of valve size (cv) without the vacuum pump present to mimic the behavior of the vacuum pump performance...


Modern sensors can acquire attributes in addition to the kinematic measurements of targets. Track association performance could be improved by using these attributes jointly. Therefore, a fast track association using multiple attributes is proposed. It converts the track-to-track association to the sub-track-to-systematic track association and reduces the times of association judgments. Sub-tracks and systematic tracks with obvious differences in attributes would be judged as unassociated, thus it is not necessary to compute the similarity of kinematic states of these tracks. The occurrence of fault associations caused by similar kinematic states also could be reduced. Simulation results show that the algorithm can obtain better results compared with the traditional methods under the scenes with dense, formation-flying targets and crossed tracks.


A teacher, who has a major role in the formation of class culture, needs to have proficiencies to design effective learning environments. The reflection of these proficiencies on classroom practices takes place via the decisions taken under critical situations. This study aims to find out the components underlying teachers' decision-making. Participants of the study which was designed as a case study were elementary school mathematics teachers. The study was carried out through the individual interviews with participants about the decision making under critical situations after analysing participant teachers' course observations which were video-recorded by the researchers. Data obtained from the interviews were analysed through content-analysis method. Based on the findings, it was found that teachers' professional proficiencies could be presented in the same frame with the variables reflected on decision making.


Gravitational microlensing may detect dark stellar remnants – black holes or neutron stars – even if they are isolated. However, it is challenging to estimate masses of isolated dark stellar remnants using solely photometric data for microlensing events. A recent analysis of OGLE-III long-timescale microlensing events exhibiting the annual parallax effects claimed that a number of bright events were due to "mass-gap" objects (with masses intermediate between those of neutron stars and black holes). Here, we present a detailed description of the updated and corrected method that can be used to estimate masses of dark stellar remnants detected in microlensing events given the light curve data and the proper motion of the source. We use this updated method, in combination with new proper motions from Gaia EDR3, to revise masses of dark remnant candidates previously found in the OGLE-III data. We demonstrate that masses of "mass-gap" and black hole events identified in the previous work are overestimated and, hence, these objects are most likely main-sequence stars, white dwarfs, or neutron stars.


Self-organized TiO2 nanotubes created from anodized Ti sheets were first reported by Zwilling et al [1], which opened avenues of research aimed at exploiting thei r properties for various applications. TiO 2 nanotubes increase reaction efficiencies and are therefore de emed as a suitable substitute for TiO 2 nanoparticle layers within Grӓtzel-type solar cells [2]. Reaction efficiencies ha ve been demonstrated to be augmented by the morphology f the nanotubes reducing both the distance traversed by mobile electrons and electron/inter-crystalline int eractions [3]. This concept highlights the importance of the morphology of the TiO2 anode within a Gr ӓtzel-type solar cell, and provides credence to research aimed at controlling the morphology of TiO 2 nanotubes. Optimization of length, diameter, smoothness of the tube side walls, and self-ordering has been regulated by selectively determining the appropriate anodizing conditions. The main factors controlling the morph ology of nanotubes are: the electrolyte, water content of the electrolyte, applied voltage/current, and temperatu re. However, despite a large degree of control over the morphology of TiO2 nanotubes being possible, vertically aligned nanotubes with large aspect ratios have bee n predominantly investigated. Only a minority of pape rs have examined the possibility of exotic morphologie s such as bifurcating (branching). Furthermore, the underlying mechanism describing the formation of su ch morphologies has not been examined in depth. This s tudy aims at examining the parameters which affect the formation of bifurcating nanotubes, in order to obt ain a greater understanding of the mechanisms behind ther e formation, and superior control over their final morphology.


Classic murine models of experimental asthma based on intraperitoneal sensitization followed by airway challenge do not reflect the way in which humans acquire allergic disease to airborne allergens. The interaction of the airway mucosa with the allergens may be essential for the triggering of the subsequent immune response. In the present work, we developed a murine model of allergic disease based on primary airway exposure to antigen followed by continuous airway challenge. Following sensitization and after only three intranasal challenges, a classical intraperitoneal model developed airway hyperresponsiveness to MCh, increased airway contractile tissue mass, eosinophilic inflammation and mucous hypersecretion in the upper and lower airways. We detected in this model a high number of Foxp3 mRNA+ cells in the lung inflammatory infiltrates. Conversely, murine models based on primary airway allergen exposure and continuing challenge showed attenuated asthma features, including borderline airway hyperresponsiveness, a modest increase in airway contractile tissue mass and mucous production, and an attenuation of the eosinophilic inflammatory infiltrates with a drift towards a lymphocytic profile. In such models based on primary airway exposure, mucous overproduction was found as an early response prior to the development of any adaptive immune response, which suggests the participation of and innate immune response prior to the onset of chronic airway inflammation. Subepithelial collagen deposition behaved differently from the airway contractile tissue mass, and increased progressively over time. Contrary to the intraperitoneal model, moderate numbers of Foxp3 mRNA-expressing cells were found in the pulmonary inflammatory infiltrates upon primary airway antigen exposure. However, such Foxp3 mRNA+ cells increased over time proportionally to the duration of the allergen instillations, and their numbers were proportionally balanced with Il10 and Tgfb mRNA expression. These findings suggest a role of Tregs in the attenuation of the asthma features in the primary airway exposure models, whereas most Foxp3+ cells in the intraperitoneal sensitization model may have been non-functional. In all, these results suggest that classic animal models of experimental asthma based on intraperitoneal sensitization represent the effector arm of the adaptive immune response, but fail to reflect the regulatory arm, which is likely operated by Treg subpopulations. The data are also consistent with the hypothesis that primary contact of the antigen with the respiratory mucosa is crucial to determine the profile of the subsequent immune response in terms of attack versus tolerance, and that the innate immune system plays a central role in such decisions.
To demonstrate that FOXP3-expressing T cells may drive immune regulation in an experimental asthma setting, versus the induction of asthma features by effector CD4+ T cells, we performed two series of adoptive transfer experiments employing genetically modified T cells, by means of retroviral gene transduction. Adoptive transfer of 100,000 antigen-specific, effector, GFP-expressing, CD4+ T cells was sufficient, upon antigen airway exposure, to elicit migration of GFP+ cells to the airways and induce airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation. On the contrary, antigen-specific Treg cells generated by forced FOXP3 expression, of which 75,000 were adoptively transferred to recipients with established experimental asthma, led to an attenuation of asthma features.
Finally, to find translational evidence on a role of Treg cells in human asthma, we studied the presence of FOXP3+ cells in bronchial biopsies from severe asthmatics versus control subjects. FOXP3+ cells were virtually absent in the control subjects, whereas the specimens from asthmatics revealed a significant influx of FOXP3+ lymphocytic cells in subepithelial location. Further work is warranted to better define the phenotype and Treg function of such FOXP3+ cells.


There are kinds of subsets in decontamination vehicle, complicated flow of work, high-precision controll, moving state operations, so traditional mechanical handling hydraulic circuit system can't meet the challenge. The paper directs toward the characteristic of hydraulic-drive system in decontamination vehicle. Electro-hydraulic proportional control technology and kernel-based on DPS processor, hydraulic-drive control system accomplishes reliable control to decontaminate works of the vehicle. The vehicle experiments indicate that control system meets standard of design and has absolute reliability.


This study aimed to verify, through a questionnaire, the attributes that most contribute to the development of culture of peace through the practice of ballroom dancing. Interference exogenous (environmental, social, economic and emotional) can be viewed as a complex crisis embedded in the intellectual, spiritual and moral values that affect the various social relations between man and the environment in which he lives, affecting their quality of life. Building a culture of peace in any way, it's simple, automatic and fast to be resolved. Therefore, it is valid to recognize that in many segments of contemporary life residing potential for promoting peace, implying that, besides education, as advocated by several studies, the arts can also contribute to its development. In this case, the musicality, for example, dance, singing, the instrument for the assessment, certainly have much to contribute to this purpose. The sample was one hundred and twenty practicing ballroom dancing divided into three groups, three months to six months, up from six months to one year and the third group practicing for over a year, the group was composed of 60% women and 40% of men with a mean age of 48 ± 12.90 years, practicing ballroom dancing in Rio de Janeiro. Given the results of data collection, it was found that ballroom dancing can be considered as an educational tool in promoting a culture of peace.


For the first time, data have been obtained on the concentrations of REE in the subsurface fluids of the Yuzhno-Sakhalinsky mud volcano, as well as in the spring at the foot of this volcano. It has been demonstrated that the REE concentrations in the waters of the studied volcano are significantly higher than in the waters of the mud volcanoes of Junggar Basin. It has been ascertained that the total concentration of REE in mud volcanic waters does not depend on their mineralization, yet it correlates with the concentration of Al. This is probably caused by the sorption of REE on the fine particles of clay suspension. The obtained ranges of REE have a high positive Eu anomaly, which is likely to be an artifact due to the relatively high concentration of Ba in the studied waters.


Background: Hypertension is one of the most common diseases in the world. It is an important and independent risk factor for atherosclerosis, heart failure, renal disease, and peripheral arterial disease. It is directly responsible for 57% of all stroke deaths and 42% of coronary heart disease deaths in India. Objectives: To evaluate and compare efficacy and cost effectiveness in hypertensive patients receiving Olmesartan and Telmisartan in Stage I hypertension. Material and methods: The present study was an open, prospective, randomized, parallel group comparative study conducted in 60 patients of stage I hypertension over a period of 16 weeks. Patients were randomly allocated to two, age and sex, matched groups of 30 patients each. Group I patients were started on Olmesartan at a dose of 20 mg&Group II patients were put on Telmisartan at a dose of 40 mg. The BP lowering efficacy and cost effective analysis of Olmesartan versus Telmisartan was calculated&compared. The data was entered in Microsoft excel and compiled. Statistical analysis was done using various tests. Results: Maximum patients in both the groups were in age group of 51-60 years. In group I there were 13 males and 17 females. In group II there were 14 males and 16 females. Both Olmesartan and Telmisartan are effective in lowering systolic&diastolic BP in supine&sitting positions&mean BP is also lowerer, more in Olmesartan group. By cost effective analysis Telmisartan was found more cost effective. Incremental cost effective ratio was found to be 218.35. Conclusion: Both Olmesartan and Telmisartan belong to the same antihypertensive drug class, effectively reduce systolic and diastolic blood pressure at various visits. Taking into account Total cost Telmisartan was more cost effective than Olmesartan. ICER was found to be 218.35.


At the end of 2019, a new viral infection appeared in China that spread throughout the world causing a pandemic. The causative agent of a new variant of the coronavirus infection COVID-19 is the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. It is known that the most common clinical manifestation of a new coronavirus infection is bilateral pneumonia;in 3—4% of patients, the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome was recorded. Chinese, American and European scientists describe a variety of cutaneous manifestations in patients with COVID-19 corona-virus infection. When the authors observed 226 patients with COVID-19 infection at the MEDSI clinical hospital in Otradnoye (Moscow) from May 17 to June 20, 2020, various skin rashes were observed in 46 (20.4%) cases. We present a review of the literature data on the cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 coronavirus infection, their working classification, as well as a description of the clinical case of the development of papulo-vesicular rashes in a patient with COVID-19 that in our observation were the most frequent cutaneous manifestations of this disease. © 2021, Media Sphera Publishing Group. All rights reserved.


This paper presents the development of a robust control scheme based on the Quantitative Feedback Theory (QFT) methodology for vibration and position tracking control of a slewing single-link flexible manipulator with hybrid actuation. The manipulator employs a DC motor for high-authority discrete actuation at the hub and a piezoelectric actuator for low-authority distributed actuation along the flexible link. The manipulator payload conditions are varied to assess the robustness of the synthesised control system to uncertainty. QFT is used to synthesise robust controllers by converting the multi input multi output (MIMO) problem into two equivalent multiple input single output (MISO) design problems. The QFT MIMO design method is shown to synthesise a control system that satisfies time domain specifications on the system and is robust to system uncertainties with minimal 'cost of feedback'. The effectiveness of the combined hybrid actuator control scheme (HACS) and robust control system is demonstrated via simulation of the tracking performance. The transparency of the QFT synthesis procedure highlights the tradeoff in the control system design between fast angular rotation and low levels of link vibration.


In this article, fundamental harmonic analysis (FHA) model is widely used for wireless power transfer due to its physical insight and compact form (for example, 8RL/π2) of diode rectifier equivalent resistance. Because this compact form is valid for continuous conduction mode (CCM), and resonant tank parameters, such as inductance and capacitance, are independent of equivalent resistance, when designing these parameters based on double side LCC FHA model, the selected optimal parameters may not satisfy the CCM prerequisite. This will make actual system characteristics deviate from the FHA model predictions, especially the output voltage and power. Therefore, the original optimal design is invalid, and designer needs to execute a circular design, namely designing resonant tank parameters based on the FHA model, then judging or simulating whether satisfy CCM operation, redesigning parameters if not satisfy CCM. In order to validate the original optimal design even if CCM is not established and make design process straightforward, an effective remedy, which is adding a series LC filter in secondary side, is proposed, and a computational method about the required minimum filter parameter is provided. The effectiveness of the proposed remedy is verified by simulation and experiment. Besides, the computational method is packaged as a program to help researchers design rapidly.


The development of the domestic mammals' stomach is a complex process, especially in ruminants. The objective of this research was to perform the analysis of structures of this organ during prenatal period. Samples of Nelore fetuses rumen ( Bos Taurus indicus ) were divided into five groups: 1 - fetuses with 9 to 15 weeks (8 to 21cm) of gestation, 2 - fetuses with 16 to 22 weeks (23 to 37cm), 3 - fetuses at 23 to 29 weeks (40 to 58cm) 4 - fetuses with 30 to 36 weeks (61 to 77cm) and 5 - fetuses with 37 to 43 weeks (79 to 88cm). Sections were stained with Hematoxylin and eosin and Mallory's trichrome and examined at light microscope. In group 1, in fetuses with 11 cm, could be seen all the layers, mucosa with high epithelium and light cells, lamina propria fused with submucosa, the muscular layer was with two thin sublayers similar in thickness and serosa was thin too. With 13.5 cm, was observed the first irregularities in the mucosa with epithelium projections and lamina propria that will lead rumen papillae. With 16.5 cm there was differentiation of the lamina propria to the submucosa. In group 2, in fetuses with 28 cm were observed complete papillae. From this stage, the remaining groups, there was an increase in thickness of the epithelium, lamina propria, submucosal and muscular layer whit the inner sublayer more thicker than the external and serosa. It was concluded that the main variations occur in fetuses of groups 1 and 2, and after this phase, there is increased in thickness of all layers until the end of the pregnancy period.


A new technique utilizing color photography in aerial water analysis is described. The technique termed the scene color standard (SCS) technique, uses natural objects in the photographic image to remove peripheral effects in the water quality measurement. The color of a body of water is shown to depend upon: (1) source effects, (2) atmospheric effects, (3) surface reflection effects, and (4) volume effects. These phenomena are reviewed, and volume spectral reflectance is shown to be the only definition of water color sensitive to water quality. All other color effects are peripheral effects, and can be described by three parameters: \Iα; α′\N and \Iβ\N. Crucial to the SCS technique is use of shadow information; information traditionally of limited value to the photointerpreter. The technique is applied to measurement of chlorophyll content in Lake Chautauqua in New York State. Reflectances of ground objects are shown to be in excellent agreement with the aerial data.


Formate to see from the organic into the ester-containing components decompose and remove the ball formate ester component at a low cost In addition, high throughput, and to prepare a protein containing organic compound. By fermenting a mixture of the organic and phorbol Natto strain (Bacillus subtilis var. Natto) containing ester, it decomposes the phorbol ester. At this time, the organic matter 4 parts by mass and, after the high-temperature high-pressure sterilization by mixing 0.5-3 parts by mass of water parts, 0.004 ~ 0.2 parts by weight of a Natto bacterium of 0.5 to 1 part by mass of water (Bacillus subtilis var. Natto) containing the phorbol ester was added thereto, dissolved, the fermentation 30-2 ~ 4 weeks at 50 ℃.


Abstract : The method of characteristics has proven to be a highly accurate and relatively straight forward technique for computing the supersonic flow field in a two-dimensional or axisymmetric nozzle. However, the method of characteristics requires an initial value line traversing the flow in the fully supersonic region on which the flow properties are known. A parametric study of the effect of different transonic flow calculation methods for establishing the initial value line for axisymmetric converging-diverging nozzles was conducted. The Mach number and radial velocity distributions along a reference start line were calculated and compared for several different transonic solutions for a series of nozzles with different throat radii of curvature. These initial value lines were then used to initiate a method of characteristics analysis of several geometrically different axisymmetric nozzles in order to investigate the impact on calculated performance.


This research is perposed to determine the role of psychological capital and job statisfaction toward organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) to the member of Polri in DIY (Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta). The participan of this research is 194(N=194) member of Polri in DIY (Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta). Random sampling is used as the sampling technique. Instrument of data collection ini this research is using a scale of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), a scale psychological capital, and a scale of job statisfaction. The analysis method of this research is using multiple regression path analysis. The result of data analysis indicate that psychological capital related significantly with organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) variable, the value of correlation coefficient (r) is 0,825 and sig value is 0,000 (p0,05) that mean the correlation of psychological capital with organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) variable is positive, and the coefficient of determination (R Square) is 0,681, that mean the influence of independent variable and dependent variable is 68,1%. The higher psychological capital will increase organizational citizenship behavior (OCB),wich means the hypothesi proposed by the recsearcer is accepted. Coefficient value is 0,032 and sig value is 0,629 (p0,05), that mean the variable of job statisfaction is not signicantly related with the variable of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and the researcher's proposed hypothesis is rejected.


FIELD: medicine. SUBSTANCE: method for displaying information content related to the uterine activity of a patient is performed using a rendering system. Uterine activity signal (UAS) corresponding to uterine activity of a patient is acquired. Uterine activity information is determined by a controller based on the acquired UAS. Uterine activity information contains information relating to at least one parameter of the obtained UAS, indicating a contraction. Content is displayed on a display device at least in part on the basis of the determined uterine activity information. EFFECT: improved support for medical personnel and the future mother during labour and delivery. 15 cl, 9 dwg, 2 tbl


The dissolution laws of different rank coals were revealed by using intelligent microwave chemistry workstation.Study suggests that,with help of the intelligent microwave chemistry workstation,the dissolution time had the greatest impact on the experiment,followed by the dissolution pressure,power and temperature were less affected.


Most child deaths caused by lack or improper use of child safety seats are preventable. Ollie Otter program of Tennessee has been successful in creating awareness among Tennessean parents for the use of booster seats for K-4 age children. The program identified a need for further communication with parents of Hispanic origin. During the past decade in Tennessee, the Hispanic population has been increasing such that today Hispanics represent four percent of the state's population and six percent of all K-12 students. This study surveyed Middle Tennessee's Hispanic parents to analyze opinions about booster seat and seat belt safety in conjunction with behavior. Researchers have explored attitudes toward and use of these booster seats in relationship to cultural background, including Hispanic versus Caucasian parents' comparison. This study's findings indicate the need for modifying safety beliefs and practices to increase the use of booster seats and seat belts. Copyright statement: Authors retain the copyright to the manuscripts published in AABRI journals. Please see the AABRI Copyright Policy at http://www.aabri.com/copyright.html. 1 The authors thank Amanda Brown of Tennessee Tech University, Business Media Center, for her contributions to the earlier version of this paper. Journal of Management and Marketing Research Attitudes of Hispanic, page 2 INTRODUCTION Children's safety seats can substantially reduce the death risk among children. Unfortunately, adults do not properly use child restraint systems; the misuse rate is as high as 72 percent (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2011). Although they are supposed to be restrained in a car seat or a booster seat, 86 percent of children up to age 8 use safety belts instead (Ebel et al., 2003; Philbrook et al., 2009). Eby (2005) found that booster-seat use was less than 9 percent for 4-8 year olds. As a result, risk of serious injury doubles (Bingham, 2006). Moreover, misuse has been found to be higher based on cultural background. According to Baker et al. (1998), "Death rate per billion vehicle-miles traveled was 60 percent higher for Hispanic children aged 5-12 compared to non-Hispanic white children," (cited in Greenberg-Seth et al.,2004). Using booster seats rather than seat belts can lower children's crash injuries by 45 percent (O'Donnel, 2011). However, one study found that "many [parents] believed that booster seats served no real safety purpose and simply boosted up the child" (Simpson, 2002, p. 732). According to The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, "A lot of parents don't understand that the purpose of the booster seat is to ensure the vehicle safety belts fit the child, ..." says McCartt of The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (O'Donnell, 2011, p. 1A). Furthermore, according to Ebel et al.'s study (2003)," many parents incorrectly believed that their child has outgrown the need for a booster seat" (p. 326). In fact, "Nearly two thirds of all parents ... did not know that their booster-age child was inadequately protected by an adult seat belt" (p. 327). Therefore, besides enacting child safety laws and distributing safety seats, implementing education programs in using booster seats would enhance awareness and prevent deaths and injuries among child passengers (Simpson, 2002; Bingham, 2006; Philbrook, 2009; Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2011). In December of 2006, the Ollie Otter Booster Seat and Seat Belt Safety Program (Ollie Otter Program) began in Tennessee through partnership with Tennessee Tech University and the Tennessee Road Builders Association. Sponsored by the Tennessee Governor's Highway Safety Office, this program's primary objective is to offer booster seat and seat belt education to children K-4 th grade through interactive programs in elementary schools across Tennessee. Specifically, Ollie Otter Program aims to develop a positive opinion among children, parents, and communities towards seat belt and booster seat use. The program has almost totally saturated Tennessee, having reached all ninety-five counties within its first year. Table 1 illustrates the number of schools, classrooms, and children that the Ollie Otter safety message has reached. Table 1 – OLLIE OTTER PROGRAM COVERAGE IN TENNESSEE Schools Covered Classrooms Covered Children Covered Year 1 154 2,928 57,184 Year 2 312 5,037 91,500 Year 3 346 5,239 96,000 Year 4 (to date) 330 4,406 79,000 Total 1,142 17,610 323,684 Journal of Management and Marketing Research Attitudes of Hispanic, page 3 A role model for children, Ollie Otter encourages them to make the correct choice regarding safety seats at a critical behavior-shaping age. However, with the growing number of Hispanic children in Tennessee, the language barrier poses a problem for the program. Rising throughout the past decade, the Hispanic population represents 4 percent of the total Tennessee population. From 2000 to 2006, Tennessee had a 56 percent Hispanic population growth rate, the fourth highest in the nation (U.S. Census Bureau 2006). Currently, 6 percent of all K-12 students in Tennessee are Hispanic; within that population, 30 percent of those 5 years and older live in homes where only English is spoken (Pew Hispanic Center, 2009). In response to this growing Hispanic population, the Ollie Otter program has partnered with the Metro Nashville Police Department's program, El Protector, to promote safety awareness within the Hispanic community. Together, these programs have translated children's materials (bookmarks and newsletters) into Spanish. In addition, users can select a Spanish translation of the Ollie Otter website, www.seatbeltvolunteer.org. While the Ollie Otter program is reaching Hispanic children, communication also needs to be established with Hispanic parents because research has shown that restraint use among young children often depends on the driver's use. One study showed that almost 40 percent of children riding with unbelted drivers were unrestrained. Yet, using children's safety seats reduced death risk by 71 percent for infants and 54 percent for toddlers, while using booster seats compared to seat belts alone reduced injury risk by 59 percent (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2011). Using survey information from Hispanic parents in Middle Tennessee, this research study seeks to analyze Hispanics' opinions about booster seat and seat belt safety in relationship to use of these devices. Based on this research, suggestions can be made for influencing safety beliefs and practices to promote using booster seats and seat belts.


Short-duration high-intensity rainfall is experienced over many parts of South Africa. It is accordingly important that designers of large buildings pay attention to roof drainage systems. In this paper various aspects of the drainage problem are considered and certain research findings based on hydraulic analyses and laboratory investigations are presented with the aim of assisting designers in their general approach to the problem.


This paper is a brief introduction of the restoration of the 8031 Microcontroller, the main points of program-making and what we should pay attention to designing the Microcontroller applications system.


PurposeThis paper proposes a novel deep learning based method towards the identification of a pistachio tree cultivar from its image.Design/methodology/approachThe investigated scope of this study includes Iranian commercial pistachios (Jumbo, Long, Round and Super long) trees. Effective use of high-resolution images with standard deep models is addressed in this study. A novel image patches extraction method is also used to boost the number of samples and dataset augmentation. In the proposed method, handcrafted ORB features are used to detect and extract patches which may contain identifiable information. An innovative algorithm is proposed for searching and extracting these patches. After extracting patches from initial images, a Convolutional Neural Network, named EfficientNet-B1, was fine-tuned on it. In the testing phase, several patches were extracted from the prompted image using the ORB-based method, and the results of their prediction were consolidated. In this method, patch prediction scores were in descending order, sorted by the highest score in a list, and finally, the average of a few list tops was calculated and the final decision was made.FindingsExamining the proposed method on the test images led to an achievement of a recognition rate of 97.2% accuracy. Investigation of decision-making in the test dataset could reveal that this method outperformed human experts.Originality/valueCultivar identification using deep learning methods, due to their high recognition speed, lack of specialist requirement, and independence from human decision-making error is considered as a breakthrough in horticultural science. Variety cultivars of pistachio trees possess variant characteristics or traits, accordingly recognising cultivars is crucial to reduce the costs, prevent damages and harvest the optimal yields.


The present invention provides a PDE9 inhibitor compound of formula (I) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein R, R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are as defined herein. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions containing compounds of formula I and their use in the treatment of neurodegenerative and cognitive disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia. [Chemical 1]


Polycrystalline samples of intermediate solid solutions of the UM2Si2 compounds (M=Co,Ni,Cu), namely UCoNiSi2 and UCoCuSi2, were prepared and were found to have body‐centered tetragonal ThCr2Si2‐type crystallographic structure. In UCoNiSi2 ac susceptibility indicates a single antiferromagnetic (AF) transition at TN=115±5 K, confirmed by neutron‐diffraction observation of the AF‐I structure down to 10 K (with uranium moments of 1.6±0.2μB, along the tetragonal c axis). In UCoCuSi2 ac susceptibility indicates ferromagnetic transition at TC=107±5 K, and implies an AF transition at lower temperature, confirmed by the AF‐I structure, observed in neutron diffraction below T0=95±5 K down to 10 K (with uranium moments of 1.6±0.1μB, along the c axis). The magnetic properties are discussed in comparison with UM2X2 and U(M,M')2X2 materials (X=Si,Ge).


It has been recently reported that bipolar disorder (BD), as compared to other major adult psychiatric disorders, was associated with an increased risk of developing Parkinson's disease (PD), cerebrovascular disease (CVD), and dementia in a later life (PMID: 33075191). The similar to BD increased risk of developing dementia was also observed for schizophrenia (SCZ) (PMID: 33075191). Surprisingly, the most common cause of dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD) (PMID: 31564456), was absent in elderly BD patients with cognitive impairment when AD was probed by its signature biomarkers in the cerebrospinal fluid (PMID: 26876913). Altogether, these data question AD contribution to the increased risk for dementia development in elderly patients with BD. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to address the above issue by probing postmortem AD related pathology in two brains of 83‐year‐old individuals. The first subject (D1) was diagnosed with BD, SCZ, and PD, whereas the second (D2) had Lewy Body Dementia (LBD). PD, PD dementia, and LBD constitute Lewy Body Disease (PMID: 30665447).


The present study examines the main and interaction effects of the variables that affect the total factor productivity (TFP) in East and West Asian countries. To this end, this paper provides a short-term and long-term analysis of the factors affecting productivity differences in these countries during the period 1998-2018. According to the results, the main factors that influence the increase in productivity in both the short-term and long-term in East Asia are the share of fossil fuels use, good governance, oil rents, and human capital, respectively; while the most important factors in increasing productivity in West Asia are good governance and trade openness, respectively. Correspondingly, the share of fossil fuels use, human capital, oil rents, foreign direct investment, trade openness, and financial development have been the most important factors in the difference in productivity in East and West Asian countries in both short-term and the long-term. Moreover, good governance has increased the productivity of all factors in West Asian countries (in the short-term), and in East Asian countries (in the long-term). Furthermore, in West Asian countries, in both short-term and long-term, the interaction effect of good governance and oil rents has increased the TFP; also, the interaction effect of human capital and oil rents has reduced the TFP, while the interaction of human capital and foreign direct investment had no effect on the TFP.


Tropical cyclones are relatively rare weather events, yet they consistently rank among the world's deadliest and costliest natural hazards. In the United States, tropical cyclones account for nearly $10 billion annually in economic damages (1), and damages from Hurricane Sandy (2012) are estimated to be over $50 billion. Understanding the role of these events within Earth's climate system is of paramount importance to improving climate change projections and for constructing sound hazard assessments and adaptation strategies (2).


Despite a lively debate in Australia and internationally about the operation of anti-vilification laws, notably absent from these debates has been empirical evidence of the ways in which targeted communities experience racially and religiously motivated abuse. In this article we aim to contribute to addressing this significant gap. We report on interviews conducted with target community members to identify and map the gaps that exist between the coverage of


Abstract Measurements on wind and temperature fields near the ground as reported by Swinbank and Dyer are re-examined. Through the use of the free convection wind and temperature profiles, H and u* as derived by the present authors have accuracies that are comparable to or better than those obtained earlier through the use of the exponential wind profile and the integrated KEYPS profile.


The gate stack and source/drain (S/D) are two critical issues in Germanium(Ge) MOSFETs. In this paper, some recent progresses about gate stack and source/drain engineering are introduced. Using ozone post oxidation (OPO), a record high hole mobility has been realized under EOT of 0.6 nm by OPO. With MoS2 passivation, both high mobility and good reliability behaviors were observed. In addition, two novel junction fabrication techniques were also proposed. Spin-on-Doping (SOD) combining the laser annealing (LA) method realized ultra-shallow junctions and the improved current. Besides, high performance NiGe/n-Ge Schottky junction was also obtained with the microwave annealing (MWA) technology.


Development of a "culture of controversy" characterized the entire era of the Reformation, even if the second half of the sixteenth century, at least in the sphere of influence of the Wittenberg Reformation, cultivated this form of communication in a particular way. This chapter lays out the general contours of a period that could command several volumes, narrating the story of the controversies that determined fundamental categories of Lutheran thinking and referring readers to recent literature on this era. It examines three factors for rising theological controversies: the historical-political framework, the questioning and loss of the authority figures of the Reformation, and territorial rivalries and the search for theological identity. The controversies were attempting to reach theological clarity within the framework of their authority and formulation of the Christian faith. Controversy had hardly broken out among Luther's and Melanchthon's followers when initial efforts to restore doctrinal unity surfaced. Keywords:Christian faith; culture of controversy; historical-political framework; territorial rivalries; theological controversies; Wittenberg reformation


Background: MicroRNAs are a class of small non-coding RNAs that regulate target gene expression posttranscriptionally. Down-regulated expression of microRNA-101( miR-101) has been found in a variety of cancers,while ectopic expression of miR-101 exerts tumor suppressive effect. Previous study revealed that exogenous miR-101 inhibited cell proliferation and decreased cyclooxygenase-2( COX-2) expression in gastric cancer cells both in vivo and in vitro. Aims: To investigate the expressions and clinical significance of miR-101 and COX-2 in gastric cancer. Methods: A total of 30 resected gastric cancer specimens and paired adjacent non-cancerous tissues were collected for assessment of miR-101 and COX-2 mRNA expressions by real-time quantitative RT-PCR. Correlation between miR-101 and COX-2,as well as their correlations with the major clinicopathological characteristics of gastric cancer were analyzed. Results: Expression of miR-101 was down- regulated and COX-2 mRNA was overexpressed in most gastric cancer tissues. Significant differences were seen in expression levels of miR-101 and COX-2 mRNA between cancerous and adjacent non-cancerous tissues( P 0. 01). miR- 101 expression was negatively correlated with COX-2 mRNA expression in both cancerous( r =- 0. 767,P = 0. 000) and adjacent tissues( r =- 0. 718,P = 0. 000). Furthermore,miR-101 expression was significantly lower in gastric cancers with TNM stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ than those with TNM stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ( P 0. 05),as well as in gastric cancers with lymph node metastasis than those without lymph node metastasis( P 0. 05); while COX-2 mRNA expression was significantly higher in TNM stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ and lymph node metastatic gastric cancers( P 0. 05). Conclusions: Inverse correlation between miR-101 and COX-2 is a promising biomarker for the diagnosis of gastric cancer. Down-regulated miR-101 expression andparallel COX-2 overexpression is correlated with the clinical progression and metastasis of gastric cancer,and might be a potential predictor for prognosis.


The following work is a preprint collection of formal proofs regarding the convergence properties of the AdaBoost machine learning algorithm's classifier and margins. Various math and computer science papers have been written regarding conjectures and special cases of these convergence properties. Furthermore, the margins of AdaBoost feature prominently in the research surrounding the algorithm. At the zenith of this paper we present how AdaBoost's classifier and margins converge on a value that agrees with decades of research. After this, we show how various quantities associated with the combined classifier converge.


Providencin is a novel, highly oxygenated marine furanocembranolidefeaturing a cyclobutane ring and a highly strained 7,8- TRANS-epoxide. Various approaches tothe total synthesis of this compound are reported. The cyclobutanemoiety is generated via [2+2] cycloadditionand the furan ring is constructed via a Wipf -palladium-catalyzedalkynone cyclization. The macrocyclic ring is closed via a Horner-Wadsworth-Emmonsolefination or ring--closing metathesis. The latter reaction,however, produces the undesired 7,8- Z-olefinexclusively, and the conversion into the E-isomerhas been, thus far, unsuccessful. 1 Introduction 2 Retrosynthetic Analysis 3 First Generation Approach 3.1 Synthesis of the Cyclobutane Moiety 3.2 Synthesis of the Western Fragment 3.3 Combination of Both Fragments and Ring Closure via [nl]Horner-Wadsworth-EmmonsOlefination 4 Second Generation Approach via Ring-Closing Metathesis 5 Cyclobutane Model Studies 6 Conclusion


This paper is devoted to study the following prey-predator system model with sparssing effect dx/dt = bx2(k - x) - bxy, dy/dt = -cy + (βx - γy)y. by using qualitative theory of ordinary differential equations, we have analyzed the equilibrium points, obtained the sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of limit cycle, and given some biological illustrations.


The basic concept of chemical reaction engineering, as applied to the disinfection of water in a continuous flowing system, is summarized, and the effect of flow dispersion (i.e. the spread of residence time) on the efficiency of the process is highlighted. It is shown that deficiencies compared with the ideal batchwise situation can be offset by adjustments to the residence time or the disinfectant concentration, provided that the design is reasonable. The term 'compensation factor' is offered as a means of characterizing tanks which are intended for a specific duty.

Reference is also made to recently available software which now enables tanks to be evaluated at the design stage without resorting to specialist computing services.


Thermoelectric (TE) properties of a single nanowire (NW) are investigated in a microlab which allows the determination of the Seebeck coefficient S, the electrical conductivity σ, and a full ZT-characterization in the validity limit of the Wiedemann-Franz-law (ZT—figure of merit). A significant influence of the magnetization of a 70 nm diameter ferromagnetic Ni-NW on its power factor S2σ is observed. We detected a strong magnetothermopower effect (MTP) of about 10% and an anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) as a function of an external magnetic field B in the order of 1%. At T = 295 K and B = 0 T, we determined the absolute value of S = −(19 ± 2) μV/K. The thermopower S increases considerably as a function of B up to 10% at B = 0.5 T, and with a magnetothermopower of ∂S/∂B ≈ −(3.8 ± 0.5) μV/(KT). The AMR and MTP are related by ∂s/∂r ≈ −11 ± 1 (∂s = ∂S/S). Hence, the TE efficiency increases in a transversal magnetic field (B = 0.5 T) due to an enhanced power factor by nearly 20%.


According to Rubio et al. , doped Eu 2+ ions took the place of Rb + ion in RbCl, while Kawano et al. showed that the ions occupied the positions off Rb + ion site along [111] direction. After Bridgman method, we made the crystal under various conditions. Angular dependence of the ESR spectrum on magnetic field and variation of the line width with temperature were measured. The results proved that the Eu 2+ ion occupies a Rb + site. The obtained values of activation energy of the vacancy in NaCl, KCl and RbCl are 0.41, 0.34 and 0.32 eV, respectively. The spin Hamiltonian parameters for isolated 151 Eu 2+ ions are as follows; g =1.991, A = -31.0 ×10 -4 cm -1 in KCl and g =1.991, A = -31.0 ×10 -4 cm -1 in RbCl. Those for 153 Eu 2+ in NaCl are 1.995 and -13.0 ×10 -4 cm -1 .


Nanovolcano arrays were fabricated by electrodepositing Ni/Cu alloys into a monolayer of self-assembled nanospheres and then electrochemically etching the deposited alloy film. The fabricated nanovolcano arrays feature highly ordered hexagonally arranged concave nanobowls decorated with triangular nanopores at their interstices. After coated with Ag, the nanovolcano arrays serve as high-performance substrates for surface enhancement Raman spectroscopy (SERS) measurements. The experimental study shows that the structural features of the nanovolcano arrays, including concave nanobowls, nanopores, and their long-range orders, all contribute to the observed strong SERS enhancement in a synergetic manner, which is further confirmed by the simulation results obtained using the finite-difference time-domain method. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Solid-state image sensors frequently use microlenses to improve their light sensitivity and many publications are available for designing, manufacturing, and optimizing their performance. Once the microlens has been fabricated, the final evaluation ultimately requires measuring their photoelectric performance in conjunction with an image sensor. However, the semiconductor wafers used to produce these sensors are costly and testing them can be complicated. Improvements in image sensor sensitivity and microlens design can be implemented faster and at a much lower cost by superimposing a matrix of microlenses over another matrix of microscopic apertures on quartz wafers. In this physical model, each aperture simulates a pixel's photoactive area or region of maximum sensitivity. The matrix of apertures and microlenses is large enough to allow quick evaluation by conventional transmission densitometry. Also, critical parameters, such as: lens curvature, focal length and point spread function can be evaluated quickly using a single wafer. The wafers are much lower in cost and reusable.


The objective of this study is to measure the fruit quality attributes of limes (Citrus aurantifolia) include peel colour, juice percentage, total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), juice pH and vitamin C content of lime fruit at four different maturity stages. Studies on the effect of fruit maturity stage on sensory acceptance on lime drink and effect of hot water temperature on vitamin C content and pH of lime drink were also carried out. Juice percentage, TSS and vitamin C content increased significantly (p 0.05). Hedonic test was performed and the best maturity stage for drink preparation was the half-yellow stage. Lime drink prepared using the fruit from half-yellow stage had obtained the significantly (p 0.05) if compared with control sample (1.79 ± 0.11 mg 100 mr-1). As conclusion, hot water temperature at 50°C and 60°C are suggested as suitable temperatures to retain vitamin C content in hot lime drink. pH of lime drink was not significantly (p > 0.05) influenced by the increasing initial temperature of hot water used to prepare lime drink. Strong relationship existed between vitamin C content in lime drink with its pH value (r = -0.762).


In the present study we mainly observed the effects of concentrated solids in Li Zhi GL 2 strain fermentation liquid on macrophage function,it was found that these solids stimulated the phagocytosis of macrophage in the test tube or mice in vivo.Moreover,a research for hepatoprotective activity proved that the concentrated solids in Li Zhi Gl 2 strain fermentation liquid obviously decreased GPT activity in liver intoxicated mice and GOT as well.A research for tolerance activity of mice showed that swimming records of mice was obviously prolonged and the tolerance activity had been improved by the concentrated solids in Lin Zhi GL-2 strain fermentation liquid.A research for lipid peroxidation proved that concentrated solid in Li Zhi GL-2 strain fermentation liquid can obviously decreased the MDA levels of heart liver homogenate and liver mitochondrion caused by 50%alcohol.


Tony E. Adams' (2011) book presents what could be considered a revolutionary, humanizing understanding of same-sex attraction. This is accomplished by providing a relational understanding of "the closet" and experiences of coming into, living in, and coming out of the closet. It is a production of significant social relevance, denouncing the marginalizing effects of the domains of heteronormativity. While highly scholarly, his evocative storytelling makes this book accessible to an interested reader regardless of his or her degree or area of specialization. Key words: Autoethnography, Same-Sex Attraction, Relational Perspectives. I am at the Ft. Lauderdale airport waiting to board the plane for a trip to San Diego. I am devouring Tony Adams' (2011) book, excited about the prospect of writing its review. Standing among a crowd waiting for the zone numbers to be called to board, I finally become aware that a man has been uncomfortably trying to lean down in front of me, trying to read the title of the book. His tags and shirt indicate he works at the airport. He finally says, "What are you reading?" Taken by surprise I respond by reading the title of the book: Narrating the Closet: An Autoethnography of Same-Sex Attraction by Tony Adams. I immediately continue, "It is a research story of a gay man about being a gay man." While preoccupied at first for not having given justice to Adams' linguistic specificity and care in choosing the term "same-sex" instead, as well as for my reference to a single story versus multiple stories, I am soon taken by this man's puzzling response to my description. This man seems unsure of how to respond. He places his gaze on the window, smiles with hesitation; simultaneously expressing what seems to be confusion about what to do with this information. If I am to speculate, I would say that at this point he would prefer to leave the situation but perhaps because I was staring at him he felt compelled to say something. He finally decides to speak, asking without any apparent investment in an answer: "And how is it?" Enthusiastically, I answer, "Promises a great read. I am just starting, but so far I find his story engaging and touching, and somewhat revolutionary." While this could suffice, his apparent confusion and, at this point, lack of interest motivates me to add a comment (one it is certainly too soon for me to make at that point in terms of a review): "Everyone should read it!" Prior to wishing each other a good day and going our separate ways, he explains that his curiosity was awakened by the design of the cover. We both agree it is a lively, colorful cover that easily catches anyone's attention. Together with Ron Chenail's (2010) article "How to Read a Review of a Book like a Qualitative Researcher," this encounter guided my review. This man's questions stayed with me probably in preparation for an inquiry from another potential curious bystander, like you, the reader. In addition, I was guided by my commitment to set myself to test what was truly a dramatic assertion on my part when rather loosely I advised, "Everyone should read it." I offered this comment mostly wondering at that moment how different, or not, this man's response to the topic of Tony's (Adams, 2011) book could have been if he read it. What Am I Reading? Adding to the publisher's location of this text within categories such as gay-lesbian studies, communication, and relationships, from my biases and prejudices (Chenail, 2010) as a family therapist interested in autoethnography, I situate this text as an evocative, transformative and autoethnographic production that makes a difference (Ellis, 2004, 2009). I consider it to be a book on cultural stories told personally that seem to construct, deconstruct, and reconstruct the cultures themselves by way of Tony's (Adams, 2011) and many others' stories of same-sex attraction and coming out. The cultures that are undergoing this transformation, in part thanks to this book, are LGBTQ cultures, which, as Tony interestingly discusses in the Appendix, "have no dominant place or space, no field, no here and no there, no definitive idea about what constitutes an insider and outsider" (p. …


Abstract 1944 Background: Busulfan is a well-established conditioning agent in allogenic transplants (alloSCT) with Intravenous Busulfan (IVBu) having better toxicity profile than the oral formulation due to predictable pharmacokinetics. The optimum dose and schedule for reduced intensity regimens of IVBu is not known. We conducted a phase I/II study to determine the best dosing schedule, engraftment kinetics, and efficacy of IVBu with Fludarabine (+/− anti thymocyte globulin, ATG) as a preparatory regimen for alloSCT. Methods: Patients ≤75 years with a HLA-compatible donor (≥5/6 related or 6/6 unrelated) with adequate organ function and Zubrod PS≤2 were included. Fludarabine was given at 30mg/m2 X4 days to all patients and ATG (10mg/kg × 4days) was added for patients receiving mismatched related (MMR) or matched unrelated (MUD) transplants. Tacrolimus and Methotrexate were used for acute graft vs. host disease (aGVHD) prophylaxis. The total dose of IVBu was delivered either as QID (m1) or once a day (m2) schedules (Table 1). The continual reassessment method was used to determine an MTD with a target probability of 20% of grade 3 or 4 conventional toxicity. Phase II was conducted with the MTD selected in phase I for each prognostic stratum, with aim to keep the failure rate below the historical rate and reduce the death rate by 0.20. Results: Eighty patients were enrolled (Table 2). Engraftment occurred in 73 patients (91%; 3 early deaths and 4 non engraftments). Day 100 transplant-related (non-relapse) mortality was 8/80 (10%), (infections=3, aGVHD=2, graft failures=2, alveolar haemorrhage=1). Sixty three patients (79%) achieved complete response (CR) after the transplant and at a median follow up of 8.4 months (range, 0.6–125 mos), 62 pts died (38 due to progressive disease). In a fitted multivariate Bayesian lognormal regression model, age (posterior probability of a beneficial effect, PPBE =0.037), poor cytogenetic risk category (PPBE=0.025) and dose level 5 (PPBE=0.983) were significantly associated with OS. Receiving dose 5 was significantly associated with longer RFS (PPBE=0.979 of beneficial effect). Poor risk cytogenetics, active disease at time of transplant and blasts >5% in the bone marrow were predictive of poor survival. IVBu dose level 5 was significantly associated with a better overall survival (OS) and relapse free survival (RFS) (5-year OS 27% vs 9.7%; p=0.014 and RFS 46% vs. 24%; p=0.036; Figures 1&2). On multivariate analysis, dose level 5 was still significantly associated with OS and RFS. Grade ≥2 acute GVHD occurred in 26/73 (36%) patients (grades 3–4 in 8). Conclusions: Optimizing IVBu dose intensity in the conditioning regimen leads to meaningful survival in poor prognosis AML/MDS, and the higher dose level produced significantly better RFS and OS. Tables and figures Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


Introduction: Potassium has essential role in cellular function. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of serum potassium level and the survival outcomes for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients Methods: This study is prospective study, We used CAPTURES database, which is OHCA cohort of 27 Emergency Department (ED) in Korea , consist of 5 Level 1 ED and 22 Level 2 ED, from February 2014 to January 2015. The inclusion criteria were all OHCA patients in cohort who receive cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in ED. Patients were excluded if they were transferred from another hospital or had pre-hospital return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), If the Initial potassium level and clinical outcome data is missing or not captured. Main exposure was Serum potassium concentration on arrival. According to the serum potassium level, Patients were devided into hypokalemia group (K+ Results: During study period, 1,616 patients with CAPTURES cohort, 792 patietns were included in analysis. 40 (5.1%) patients were hypokalemia, 318(40.2%) patients were normokalemia, 434(54.8%) patients were hyperkalemia. In hyperkalmia group have significantly lower ratio of good neurologic outcome (1.6%) than normokalemia group (6.2%). And Hypokalemia group have significantly higher ratio of good neurologic outcome (30%). After adjusting covariables, The neurologic outcome of Hyperkalmia group is significantly lower than normokalmia (OR 0.45 95% CI 0.32 - 0.86). And the neurologic outcome of hypokalemia group is significantly higher than normokalemia group (OR 2.8 95% CI 1.08 - 7.22) Conclusions: In OHCA patients, Hyperkalemia had significant relationship with poor neurologic outcome. And Hypokalmia had relationship with good neurologic outcome.


Joseph Schumpeter is known to American political scientists as the originator of an elite conception of democracy as a political "method," a conception found in his Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy (1942). But I show in this paper that in Schumpeter's study of the development of liberal capitalist societies, he also treated democracy as a socially transformative historical tendency, one of several that he thought were propelling such societies toward a form of "democratic" socialism. Schumpeter regarded the politics of labor and the reorientation of state policy in the New Deal era as evidence of these tendencies—especially of a tendency toward the democratic reconstruction of workplace hierarchy, which he deplored. In his later work, Schumpeter sketched the outlines of a "democratic" socialist society in which the most harmful of these tendencies, in his estimation, would be curbed.


Summary 24 species from Marche and Molise regions (Central-southern Italy), sampled during two biomonitoring surveys, are reported. 7 of these are new to Marche and 13 to Molise. The other species are interesting for their distribution and give useful informations about the climatic conditions of the survey areas.


PROBLEMS relating to methods of teaching reading have been studied scientifically for more than twenty-five years. A comprehensive summary of the contributions of these studies should include reference to all of them. Since this is impossible within the space allotted, the plan has been adopted of reviewing briefly at the beginning of the discussion of each problem, the conclusions reached prior to July, 1924, at which time the writer prepared a more or less complete summary of investigations relating to reading (33) . The results of the studies published more recently, but prior to July, 1930, will then be summarized in more detail. In view of the fact that the psychology of reading and methods of teaching reading and literature in high schools will be discussed in other issues of the Review, this section is limited to the results of studies relating to methods of teaching reading in elementary schools.


+* **Horie, N; *Murata, H; *Sakabe T; *Matsui T, ***T; Kumura, S; ***Maekawa, T; **Fushiki, S; *Kubo, T +*Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science. Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan **Department of Pathology and Applied Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Science. Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan ***Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan e-mail: email@example.com


Chelate of furancarbamide (FUR), benzoic acid hydrazide (BAH) and its acetone hydrazone (ABH) with nickel (II) and manganese (II) nitrate have been prepared. The complexes and ligands were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra analysis, electronic spectra analyses, conductivity, melting point, and solubility. The FTIR analysis indicated that the ligand (FUR) coordinated with the metal ions through the carbonyl oxygen, the azomethine nitrogen and amine nitrogen, while (ABH) coordinated through the carbonyl oxygen and azomethine nitrogen. The BAH ligand coordinated through carbonyl oxygen and the primary amine nitrogen. This is an indication that the ligands acted as tridentate and bidentate donors to the metal ions. The electronic spectra showed the complexes of Ni with ABH and BAH as octahedral geometry. The conductivity data showed the complexes as non electrolytes. Elemental analysis indicate that the complexes of BAH and ABH formed an M:L2. X type with Ni and Mn formed an ML1 type with ABH. The FUR complex formed with Mn is an ML1.X type complex and ML3 type for Ni.


Composite bridges built in the area influenced by the effects of the mining subsidence are described in terms of their static and structural solution and function of the composite deck slab. The bridges are formed by two different static systems: plate girders and trough sections that are composite with transversely post-tensioned deck slab. The girders are erected in progressive cantilevers; the composite deck slab is progressively cast in the traveler moving along the already erected steel structure.


For the significance of glaciers in global hydro cycle and energy balance,glacier change has become a hot subject in global change studies.The development of remote sensing can help to acquire a large amount of land cover information while the advent of high precise DEM data makes it possible to get three-dimensional information of land objects.Based on current glacier change monitoring methods,this paper proposes a way to combine multisource DEM data and multi temporal remote sensing data to estimate glacier volume change.The Mount Naimona'nyi region on the Tibetan Plateau is taken as a study case.Firstly all data are transformed into UTM projection and WGS-84 datum.Especially SRTM-DEM is corrected from EGM-96 elevation system to 1985-Huanghai elevation system,the same as that of topographic map DEM.Then Glacier extent is recognized through MSS/TM remote sensing data,and glacier thickness change is extracted through topographic DEM and SRTM-DEM.Afterwards,glacier volume change is calculated and errors resulted from glacier extent recognition,multi-temporal remote sensing data and multi-source DEM data are controlled and analyzed well.The result is fine,thus providing scientific support to model glacier response to global change pattern and to predict regional water resources.


One most rational way of utilization of brewage waste is the microbiological treatment. A protein foodstuff is fabricated by biotransformation of the main brewage waste — brewery mash — with the immediate cultivation of the nontoxic industrial strain of a mycophilic fungus producing a complex of redox and hydrolytic ferments. All replaceable and irreplaceable amino acids are found in chromatograms of hydrolyzate of the fabricated protein. A high content of lysine, arginine, threonine, isoleucine, aspartic and glutamine acids, and an increase of sulfur-containing acids and tryptophan compared with the standard is mentioned. A fungus possesses the cellulase, xylanase, amylase, and laccase activity; which allows it to transform a broad spectrum of cellulose-containing and lignin-containing substrates to edible protein. A valuable quality of mycophilic fungus is the ability to synthesize irreplaceable unsaturated acids-linoleic and oleic acids and vitamins of group B. The fabricated product of biotransformation of brewery mash can be good feed protein additive, especially to the ration of domestic animals, birds, and fishes.


A new type of methacrylate monomer, 2-(4-acetylphenoxy)-2-oxoethyl-2-methylacrylate(AOEMA), was synthesized. The radical homopolymerization of AOEMA was performed at 65 °C in a 1,4-dioxane solution with benzoyl peroxide as an initiator. The oxime, and thiosemicarbazone derivatives of poly[2-(4-acetylphenoxy)-2-oxoethyl-2-methylacrylate] (AOEMA) were prepared with hydroxylamine hydrochloride, and thiosemicarbazone hydrochloride, respectively. The monomer and its homopolymer were characterized with Fourier transform infrared and NMR techniques. The thermal stabilities of poly(AOEMA) and its derivatives were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. The ultraviolet stability of the polymers were compared. The antibacterial and antifungal effects of the monomer and the polymer and its derivatives were also investigated on various bacteria and fungi. The activation energies of the thermal degradation of the polymers were calculated with the Ozawa method.


The variations in the lactic acid content of developing eggs were examined in day to day developmental period, and significant modifications and beneficial responses to light induction were discovered when compared to the untreated control. The importance of lactic acid deposition during embryonic development under anaerobic settings is an adaptive strategy to tide over the unfavourable environmental condition. The current research project is devoted to the concept of photoperiodic effects on the lactic acid level in the developing embryo of the silkworm.  During the imposed photoperiodic regimes, the lactic acid content slowly disintegrated and activated aerobic respiration in the silkworm eggs, which proliferated and facilitated the rate of increased morphogenesis and organ differential attributed to embryonic age advancement. It plays a significant role in the adaptive mechanism under extreme environmental conditions in hibernated eggs rather than non-hibernated eggs of the mulberry silkworm, Bombyx mori L. The study of the objective is to study the changes in the lactic acid content of developing embryos of CSR4 breed under 16:08 light and dark conditions.


This article examines the literary and cinematic antecedents of a cinema icon, The Mummy, produced by Universal Pictures in 1932.  It looks at the sources in Victorian and Edwardian literature to see if any of the ideas found their way into the film.  Similarly, the silent cinema is surveyed to see if the 1932 film was a collection of previously filmed stories remoulded.  The context of the Great Depression and its effects on Universal Studios will be shown to have a significant influence on the decision to make the film.  The film itself and its publicity is discussed, followed by its reception at the time, and its significance to writers since.


The paper deals with the complex kinetics of excitation, quenching, and absorption in an electron‐beam pumped KrF laser. The effect of the pressure dependence of the ionic recombination rates, the role of the metastables, and the formation of ArKr+ are investigated and compared with our experimental results. From the model the maximum power density together with the optimized densities of argon, krypton, and fluorine are calculated as a function of the beam‐current‐to‐outcoupling ratio. Finally, the pressure dependencies of the individual components near the optimized conditions are investigated.


ABSTRACT Trust and satisfaction with the government are the most important indicators of a functioning democratic system. Scholars diverge in their opinions of whether satisfaction causes trust or vice versa or whether both variables reinforce each other simultaneously. This study applies an instrumental variable approach to shed light on this discussion. We employ a sample of 7166 individuals in 3 European countries (i.e., Germany, France, and Great Britain) obtained from the European Social Survey to test this reciprocal relationship. By comparing these three countries with fundamentally different political systems, we investigate the contingency of the reciprocal effect with regard to the political context. The results confirm the reciprocal relationship but reveal differences between the three investigated countries.


Abstract : This report describes the research of the second year of an on-going program to investigate the broad spectrum of problems associated with the interaction of underwater sound with the ocean bottom. The emphasis is on quantifying the nature of the acoustic bottom interaction problem, isolating key parameters, and developing useful minimal descriptions. This report considers in detail questions in the areas of the sensitivity of bottom reflection loss to variations in subbottom parameters, the sensitivity of propagation loss to changes in bottom reflection loss, and problem associated with range changing bathymetry. Additional topics considered include a review of acoustic methods for obtaining bottom sediment sound velocities, as well as various modeling problems. (Author)


AlB12-type Al-B alloys were prepared by high temperature treatment of AlB2-type Al-B alloy melts with different distribution morphologies of borides. The results show that when using the "immersion" method, the produced AlB2-type Al-B alloy melt ("alloy melt 1") contain a small amount of AlB12 phase and many boride agglomerations. The AlB2-type Al-B alloy melt produced by using the "vortex" method ("alloy melt 2") contains no AlB12 phase and exhibits a well dispersion of AlB2 particles. During the high temperature treatment, the AlB2 particles in close contact with each other in the alloy melts are prone to coalescence, causing the formation of relative large AlB12 particles. The high-speed stirring adopted during the high temperature treatment has an effect of prohibiting the coalescence of AlB2 particles in boride agglomerations.


An important subject confronting many enterprises is to realize a standard,normal and sophisticated equipment management through introduction of the ideas and means of modern message administration.This paper details the equipment information management system in WISCO Energy Power Co.in terms of frame design,technical implementation and uses.


【Objective】 Single factor experiments and orthogonal design experiments were carried out to optimize fermentation conditions of oleaginous yeast Lipomyces starkeyi for fatty produce.【Method】 In shaking-flask means of incubation,the fermentation of L.starkeyi was tested in different culture condition optimization by single factor experiment and orthogonal design of carbon source,nitrogen source,seed inoculum rate and temperature.【Result】 The results showed that mass yield and fatty rate were obviously higher by glucose than by other carbon source;also the mass yield was the highest when(NH4)2SO4 was used as nitrogen sources;meanwhile optimal initial pH was at 6.0-6.5,MgSO4·7H2O 1.5 g/L,KH2PO4 3.0 g/L.Throughout the orthogonal experiments of glucose,(NH4)2SO4,seed inoculum rate and temperature,the optimal culture condition was found as follows:glucose 90 g/L,(NH4)2SO4 3.5 g/L,seed inoculum rate about 10%,the incubating temperature equals 28 ℃.According to OD600 of cultured liquid,the incubating time was 144 h when mass yield grew up to the maximum.【Conclusion】 Under the optimum culture condition,the biomass yield was 16.35 g/L,25.19% higher than that with unoptimized condition,while the lipid content was 4.94 g/L,97.84% higher against unoptimization,and the highest lipidic content was 302.1 g/kg of the biomass.


Recently, the colloidal quantum dot spectrometer has received much attention due to its advantages in cost, size, and operation. Yet, just like many other filter-based miniature spectrometers, spectrum reconstruction for the colloidal quantum dot spectrometer is typically prone to the measurement noise due to the correlation of the filters. In this paper, we propose an effective spectrum reconstruction method for the colloidal quantum dot spectrometer, which can recover high-quality spectra in noisy environments. Specifically, we employ a denoising autoencoder, a machine-learning approach, to reduce noise in the filters' raw measurements before performing the reconstruction. After that, we reconstruct the spectra with the denoised data by a sparse recovery algorithm. We investigate the feasibility of the proposed reconstruction approach on a synthetic dataset and an experimental dataset collected by the colloidal quantum dot spectrometer. The results demonstrate that the proposed approach could deliver accurate reconstruction results even when data are corrupted with the measurement noise.


Abstract The aim of this article is to present a learning theory (constructivist theory) that supports and explains a lot of the requested changes in entrepreneurship education. It also explains how entrepreneurs learn and serves as a basis for designing entrepreneurship programs. If we look at the 'skills' and competencies of entrepreneurs from a constructivist's perspective we find most of them by observing children under the age of five or six: they are motivated to learn, they are interested in a variety of different topics, they ask excellent questions, they try many things to get insights, they are creative, they are impatient. In short, they create and govern their own learning process, which is open for any content, style, goal, experience, etc., and allows them to take every opportunity to answer the question in concern. In this sense it is similar to the entrepreneurial process where the entrepreneur tries everything and is ready to learn what is needed to be successful.


This study aims to reveal creative education through the application of the LearningManagement System (LMS) MODEL as a means of teaching Arabic and principles inchoosing educational methods in the industrial era 4.0. Education in the digital era orwhat is known as the industrial era 4.0 must be accompanied by technology that makesit easier for lecturers and students in the educational process, including Arabic.Researchers obtained data through interviews, observation and documentation, thenanalyzed through a ranking process as follows: data reduction, where in this processthe researcher collected and recorded data, filtered, compiled and focused on mattersrelated to the research topic. Then they present a summary of the data and concludewith a conclusion. The researcher reached the results of the study that theimplementation of the Learning Management System (LMS) MODEL as a method oflearning Arabic in the Department of Arabic Language Education at the IslamicUniversity in general resulted in an increase in students' language skills. In addition,education through the application of the Learning Management System (LMS)MODEL as a means of teaching Arabic accommodates a list space for students todiscuss and send messages and allows them to interact among themselves and betweenstudents and teachers, leading to various interactions towards better language skills,and produce optimal language skill competencies because there are no time and placelimitations in the educational process.


Micro-arc oxidation coating was prepared by micro-arc oxidation methods on ZAlSi12Cu2Mg1 alloy in Na2SiO3 electrolytes. Effects of Ce concentration in the electrolyte on electrical conductivity, positive/negative current during micro-arc oxidation process and coating properties were investigated. The results reveal that with increasing Ce concentration from 0 to 0.125g/L in the electrolytes, electrical conductivity of the electrolytes is increased from 15.15 MS/cm to 16.54 MS/cm, meanwhile, current in micro-arc oxidation process is obviously varied also. With increasing in Ce concentration in the electrolytes, coating thickness and micro-hardness are firstly increased then gradually decreased, in which the coating thickness of approximately 258μm and coating micro-hardness of HV620 can be obtained with 0.025g/L Ce concentration.


To solve the problem of frequent cracks in the air-cooled engine exhaust hood of a fire fighting robot, the structure parameters are optimized based on Beam element.Firstly,the finite element model of the exhaust hood is analyzed for pre-stress modal analysis, compared with the choice of Beam unit to simulate the bolted connection, and the RSM is used to optimize it.Secondly, the sample points are generated by Latin hypercube sampling, and the Kriging response surface model with good fitting is constructed. The sensitivity analysis is used to screen the targeted parameters, and the response surface optimization model with the total deformation, mass and first natural frequency as the target is established.Finally, MOGA is used to optimize the exhaust hood, and the optimal results are rounded and verified.The results show that the total deformation of the optimized exhaust hood is reduced by 7.18 %, the mass is reduced by 4.68 %, and the first natural frequency is increased by 74.98 %.The stiffness of the exhaust hood increases, which avoids the resonance interval. The application of Beam element effectively improves the simulation efficiency and provides a reference for the structural optimization of bolted connections.