Abstract The code of craft regulation constitutes the legal base for craft and trade occupations in Germany. Resulting from a deregulation in 2004, the requirement to obtain a degree of higher occupational training, which used to be obligatory for founding a business, was dropped for about half of the occupations regulated by this code. While this deregulation has been frequently analyzed from a competition economics' perspective, evidence regarding the information economics' aspect of this deregulation is lacking. It is of particular relevance whether the deregulation fostered market failures due to "market-for-lemons" issues or, to the contrary, whether market-endogenous information instruments have emerged – a question located at the pivot of the economic discussion of the craft regulation. This study uses a qualitative research approach and analyzes 268 interviews with firms and customers on craft fairs to examine informational asymmetries on the market for craft services as well as market instruments for their compensation. We find evidence that strong informational asymmetries exist and are compensated by regional reputation building of firms. Further, we show that no formal informational mechanisms have emerged that could determine service quality ex ante. Based upon those results, suggestions for the further study of the informational properties of the craft market are presented.


Abstract. The one-parameter nonrelativistic supersymmetry of Mieln ik [J. Math. Phys. 25, 3387 (1984)] is applied to the simple supersymmetric model o f Caticha [Phys. Rev. A 51, 4264 (1995)] in the form used by Rosu [Phys. Rev. E 55, 2038 (19 97)] for microtubules. By this means, we introduce Montroll double-well potentials w ith singularities that move along the positive or negative traveling direction depending on t he sign of the free parameter of Mielnik's method. Possible interpretations of the singula rity are either microtubule associated proteins (motors) or structural discontinuities in the arr angement of the tubulin molecules.


Mean firing rates vary across neurons in a neuronal network. Whereas most neurons infrequently emit spikes, a small fraction of neurons exhibit extremely high frequencies of spikes; this fraction of neurons plays a pivotal role in information processing; however, little is known about how these outliers emerge and whether they are maintained over time. In primary cultures of mouse hippocampal neurons, we traced highly active neurons every 24 h for 7 weeks by optically observing the fluorescent protein dVenus; the expression of dVenus was controlled by the promoter of Arc, an immediate early gene that is induced by neuronal activity. Under default-mode conditions, 0.3-0.4% of neurons were spontaneously Arc-dVenus positive, exhibiting high firing rates. These neurons were spatially clustered, exhibited intermittently repeated dVenus expression, and often continued to express Arc-dVenus for approximately two weeks. Thus, highly active neurons constitute a few select functional subpopulations in the neuronal network.


Noncommunicable diseases such as chronic lung disease (CLD) are occurring more frequently and at younger ages in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PLWH) compared with HIVuninfected individuals (1). HIV, tuberculosis, and pneumonia are independently associated with CLD; however, their interaction and possible synergism in CLD are less well established. Most data linking HIVtoCLDare fromhigh-incomecountries (2) andare lacking in lowandmiddle-income countries (LMICs). We sought to evaluate the association of HIV with risk for CLD, defined by spirometry, and to determine how prior pulmonary infections modify this relationship in an LMIC setting.


Since the existence environment and the characteristic of the gas hydrate are special,the most effective way to really get to know the physics and chemical natures of gas hydrate is to depend on the drilling sampling.Drilling equipment,drilling tool,drilling technologies and special drilling fluid are the most important factors to meet the requirement of the drilling and sampling engineering.The structures and principles,features,drilling technology and trial result of the sampling drilling tools for gas hydrate are introduced in the paper.And also,according to the characteristic of ocean drilling,the practical and economical drilling program for gas hydrates drilling in China is presented.


Linear solvers are the motor for many computer simulations that are based on partial differential equations. For a wide range of problems, multigrid
solvers belong to the most efficient ones. By combining the advantages of geometric and algebraic multigrid and by implementing it in a strictly local manner on a spacetree, we tailored it to high performance computers and improved the robustness of the solver compared to state-of-the-art spacetree-based multigrid solvers significantly.


The guide is elaborated as an atlas in which there has been compiled a rich collection of images of the Earth and oceans, acquired from several satellites, from spatial crewed platforms and from the International Space Station. They illustrate several geographic features, natural irks and various man-made impacts on natural resources. In short, it is a didactic tool to be used for active education of Geography and other related sciences in Secondary and High School. It is also indicated the reasons that interfere the availability of this type of audiovisual resources in the classrooms.


Utilizing the yard for planting. The purpose of this study was to analyze the household income of lowland rice farmers in Bulota Village, Telaga Jaya District, Gorontalo Regency, and determine the impact of the sustainable food yard (P2L) program on increasing the household income of lowland rice farmers in Bulota Village, Telaga Jaya District, Gorontalo Regency, by using the Survey Method. This research was conducted from August to September 2022 with a study population of 30 farmers and samples taken from the total population (total sample). The data analysis used was household income analysis and quantitative descriptive analysis to explain the impact of the sustainable food garden program on increasing the household income of lowland rice farmers in Bulota Village, Telaga Jaya District, Gorontalo Regency. The results showed: The household income of lowland rice farmers in Bulota Village, Telaga Jaya District, Gorontalo Regency was Rp. 63,306,656/season. The impact of the sustainable food garden program has an impact on increasing the household income of rice farmers in Bulota Village, Telaga Jaya District, Gorontalo Regency, the impact given is 5%.


The present paper describes the feasibility of grafting monomeric reactive species onto a plasma gas-activated moving fiber glass surface. The effects of fiber glass surface modifications made in this manner were studied by surface wettability measurements and by mechanical property measurements of composites. Here, it is shown that the on-line grafting of monomeric silane species on a plasma-activated fiber surface can be achieved. It was also demonstrated that, in fact, the fiber surface characteristics changed with monomeric silane grafting and this change was seen in the composite properties when these grafted fibers were used as a reinforcing member in a composite. Demonstration of changes in the composite properties as a result of surface activation followed by grafting is given only to show examples of these effects. The composite properties mentioned in this paper are not to be taken as the optimized maxima for these systems.


lt is a great honour to have been asked to deliver the opening lecture of this Fourth International Symposium on Magnetic Resonance. Besides, feeling closely connected to the Weizmann Institute and the Hebrew University through long association and many old bonds of friendship, it gives me an extra pleasure to be among their guests on this particular occasion. This is a very special occasion also inasfar as it is dedicated to the 25th aniversary of Magnetic Resonance. To most of you it must come as the natural tribute to a field of research whose origins belong to the remote past. But I have to forcefully remind myself of all that has been achieved in this field during the intervening years in order to fully realize that a quarter of a century has already gone by since the first modest beginnings. They are as vivid in my mind as if they had occurred just recently and I thought that some of my recollections may help to give you the flavour ofthese early days before we hear from the next speakers what has happened afterwards. In any event, you know that much better than I do and I can only hope that you are inclined to listen to some ancient history since that is the best I can contribute to this symposium. I also hope you will forgive me that my account will be highly personal. My selection of historical events is very narrow indeed, not because I consider others to be less important but merely because I shall limit myself to those of my own first-band experience. Now, every history has its pre-history and one does not have tobe an expert archaeologist to know that nuclear magnetic resonance is older than 25 years, going back to the work of Rabi and his collaborators with molecular beams before the war. My own interest in magnetic resonance arose shortly afterwards through the measurement of the magnetic moment of the neutron with Alvarez in 19 3 9, where we made another use of this method. Our main source of error had been in the determination of the resonance field and it was not until almost the end of the war that I was able to start thinking again how it could be improved. I was at that time engaged in radar work at the Radio Research Labaratory of Harvard University while Ed Purcell-unknown to me-worked at the Radiation Labaratory of MIT. I did, however, discuss the problern of improved field measurement on walks with Rabi who likewise worked at MIT but lived close to our house in Cambridge. He offered, when back at Columbia, to calibrate a permanent magnet by resonance of an atomic beam of hydrogen and then to ship it to Stanford for comparison with the magnetic resonance of neutrons. Somehow, however, this seemed rather complicated and unsafe to me and I kept on thinking whether we could not do the calibration ourselves. We did not have


Since the culture craze of teaching Chinese as a foreign language,teaching and researching of culture courses began to receive more and more attention,but the achievements for graduate culture courses are not rich and comprehensive. The objects of research on the culture courses should not only include abroad students,but also graduate students,however,the relevant theoretical research and recommendations are mostly belonging to the relative macro guidance "principle". Since graduate students,we should focus on research or guiding research. The key of cultural teaching should be directed to revealing the essence of culture,and inspiring the students to form the correct value judgment and firm culture position. In addition,according to the subject characteristics and the needs of students,we should offer corresponding special cultural courses.


The paper researches on the method of global optimization by the random artificial neural networks(AN2). Gauss model is extended to the extended Gauss model, Which can obtain the global optimum. The example shows the efficiency and the global ability of the extended Gauss model.


Most dairies in the U.S. continue to be land-based, that is, they produce most of their feed and use their land to recycle manure nutrients through crops. To remain economically viable, many dairies are increasing herd size and importing more feed. In these systems, the expanded importation of feed and fertilizer P has resulted in large positive P balances (Tunney, 1990; Bundy, 1998; Satter and Wu, 1999). In many areas of intensive livestock production, amounts of P produced in manure often exceed local crop requirements (Sharpley et al., 1993; Kingery et al., 1994). This can lead to the build-up of soil test P to levels much above what are needed for optimal crop yields. For example, repeated application of manure and fertilizer has increased the level of soil test P (Bray-1 P extraction) in Wisconsin from an average of 34 ppm in the 1968-73 period to 52 ppm in 1995-99 (Combs and Peters, 2000). A level of 25-35 ppm is considered more than adequate in all but sandy soils for alfalfa, corn and soybean production based on University of Wisconsin soil test recommendations. Clearly, alternative feed, fertilizer, manure and land management strategies are needed that reduce nutrient accumulation and loss from dairy farms.


The biological activities of fruit juices and pomace (skin, seeds) extracts from blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum), gooseberry (Ribes uva-crispa) and their hybrid plant (jostaberry, Ribes × nidigrolaria) were evaluated against the most frequently isolated twelve human pathogenic Candida species by broth dilution tests. The phenolic content of juice, water and methanol extracts were measured and the relationship with antifungal activity was assessed. Growth of the most Candida species was inhibited, with the exception of C. albicans, C. krusei, C. lusitaniae and C. pulcherrima. R. nigrum, with the highest phenol content, was observed to have the highest anticandidal activity, indicating a positive correlation between phenol content and antifungal activity.


. This article considers two possible directions of the GLONASS system expansion to improve the accuracy on a global scale, namely, the creation of a second GLONASS orbital constellation comprising 24 additional navigation satellites in three intermediate planes and the creation of a high-orbit augmentation to the GLONASS system comprising 18 navigation satellites with six subsatellite traces on circular geosynchronous inclined orbits with three satellites on each track. It is shown that in a wide range of shading angles the dual GLONASS has a clear advantage over the GLONASS system with a high-orbit augmentation by the maximum time fraction criterion for the provision of the guaranteed positioning precision when the position dilution of precision is less than 6. Based on the available experimental data of high-orbit spacecraft launch using upper-stage rockets, it is shown that doubling the GLONASS grouping has lower costs than creating a global high-orbital satellite augmentation. The dual GLONASS has a three times lower dispersion in positioning accuracy at different longitudes with the same latitude of the observation point than the GLONASS with a high-orbital augmentation. The paper proposes a method for augmentation of the GLONASS orbital constellation by using additional distance-measurement maximum length sequences having a low cross-correlation with the current distance-measurement code.


Despite recent advances in chronic heart failure (HF) management, the prognosis of HF patients is poor. This highlights the need for researching new drugs targeting, beyond neurohumoral and hemodynamic modulation approach, such as cardiomyocyte metabolism, myocardial interstitium, intracellular regulation and NO-sGC pathway. In this review we report main novelties on new possible pharmacological targets for HF therapy, mainly on new drugs acting on cardiac metabolism, GCs-cGMP pathway, mitochondrial function and intracellular calcium dysregulation.


Rapach et al. (2013) have recently shown that U.S. equity market returns carry valuable information to improve return forecasts in global equity markets. In this study, we extend the work of Rapach et al. (2013) and examine if U.S. based equity market information can be used to improve realized volatility forecasts in a large cross-section of international equity markets. We use volatility data for the U.S. and 17 foreign equity markets from the Oxford Man Institute's realized library and augment for each foreign equity market our benchmark HAR model with U.S. equity market volatility information. We show that U.S. equity market volatility information substantially improves out-of-sample forecasts of realized volatility in all 17 foreign equity markets that we consider. Forecast gains are not only highly significant, but produce out-of-sample R 2 values between 4.56% and 14.48%, with 12 of these being greater than 10%. The improvements in out-of-sample forecasts remain statistically significant for horizons up to 1 month ahead. A substantial part of the predictive gains are driven by forward looking volatility as captured by the VIX.


Public participation is very important to the success for urban planning projects. This study tries to establish two different systems, the 3-dimensional digital model and the 360 panoramic QTVR photos models, to simulate the feasibility and effectiveness of the participants' experiences feedback got from both environments, by the case study area of Hangzhou CBD, Zhejiang Province, China. This study used Logistic Model to calculate the parameters and their significance to understand if the participant would be interested or not. The results showed that different age/gender people would be impacted by different indicators. It is also found that both QTVR system and 3D system have advantages and disadvantages for representing the indicators' characteristics for participants.


of schooling ... turned ethnic contact zones into colonial friction zones', which divided some communities but unified others (p. 254). As a result of all these activities, Manz suggests, the ground was laid for the Germanophobia that German communities worldwide experienced in 1914. In the 1930s the Auslandsdeutsche were transformed into Volksdeutsche, a new variation on the theme of metropolitan extension of empire to Germans abroad, founded on race rather than on language and culture. After 1945 they simply became Auswanderer (emigrants) once more, as they had been up to the 1850s. Stefan Manz's study of the relationship between Imperial Germany and its diaspora presents a mass of fascinating information and sheds new light on every topic it broaches. It is a major achievement.


A probabilistic two-step method of analysis is described that overcomes the problems associated with using a single model to analyze data drawn from a two-state system. The two steps of the analysis are (i) to determine the probability that an observation with given characteristics falls in each of the two states of the system and (ii) to estimate the response of the dependent variable in each of the two states as a function of characteristics of observations. Estimating cull volume in standing trees provides an example. This analysis results in two component models that more closely describe the process of interest than is possible with any single model. Statistically sound approximations to confidence intervals and tests of hypotheses for the parameters of each of the component models may be computed.


In recent years, animal themed tourism has developed vigorously, and the competition among animalthemed tourism destinations is fierce. How to win in the fierce competition is the key to the success of animalthemed tourism products. The experience memorability is very important to the destination and becomes animportant topic in the study of tourism experience. The present study explores the influence mechanism ofco-creation on experience memorability. Taking tourists of Chengdu research Base of Giant Panda Breeding asthe research object and structural equation model as empirical analysis, the findings of empirical analysis asfollows: co-creation significantly influences perceived experience value including five dimensions; Perceivedexperience value (including emotion value, education value and social value) significantly influencesmemorability. However, quality value and economic value not significantly influences memorability; Perceivedexperience value partially mediates s the relation between the co-creation and memorability.


Abstract We investigate the group irregularity strength (sg(G)) of graphs, i.e. the smallest value of s such that taking any Abelian group 𝓖 of order s, there exists a function f : E(G) → 𝓖 such that the sums of edge labels at every vertex are distinct. So far it was not known if sg(G) is finite for disconnected graphs. In the paper we present some upper bound for all graphs. Moreover we give the exact values and bounds on sg(G) for disconnected graphs without a star as a component.


Surface water ice on a comet nucleus is the major source of coma gas. Dust, entrained by coma gas, fragments and vaporizes, forming a second, distributed source of coma gas constituents. Ice species more volatile than water ice below the surface of the nucleus are a third source of coma gas. Vapors from these ices, produced by heat penetrating into the nucleus, diffuse through pores outward into the coma. The second and third sources provide minor, but sometimes easily detectible, gaseous species in the coma. We present mixing ratios of observed minor coma constituents relative to water vapor as a function of heliocentric and cometocentric distances and compare these ratios with model predictions, assuming the sources of the minor species are either coma dust or volatile ices in the nucleus.


Giving robots the ability to learn without the guidance of a researcher is a practical method of developing more adaptable and intelligent systems. Self-Organizing Distinctive-State Abstraction (SODA) is an algorithm that allows a robot to learn routines from from raw sensorimotor inputs through training. The goal of our experiment was to implement SODA on a simulated version of the Khepera II robot in a T-shaped Maze environment. The task we aimed to complete was training our robot to complete a navigation task that consisted of finding a path from the upper left or upper right corner to a light placed at the bottom of the T-maze. We managed to successfully implement the phases dealing with exploration of the environment and training of HC and TF options, but were unsuccessful at training our robot to properly complete the the light-finding task.


Proton exchange membrane fuel cells are electrochemical devices which are emerging as promising power sources for portable electronic applications. One of the key component of the fuel cell is the flow channel. The flow channel ensures uniform distribution of the fuel and oxygen to the reaction sites. If the distribution is non uniform , it will affect the performance of the fuel cell.The width of the channel and the rib plays a significant role in uniform fuel distribution . Here we build a three dimensional model for a fuel cell using COMSOL Multiphysics. The performance of the cell is studied under varying channel widths and rib widths


The article presents the results of the study of the use of osteoplastic bone grafting material BondBoneТМ for ridge augmentation. In study took part 7 patients with different degrees of alveolar atrophy. The osteoconductive properties of osteoplastic material for bone regeneration are revealed as results of treatment.


The article revisits the notion of post-Islamism that Roy and Bayat put forth to investigate its usefulness in analysing the Tunisian party Ennahda and its role in the Tunisian transition. The article argues that the notion of post-Islamism does not fully capture the ideological and political evolution of Islamist parties, which, despite having abandoned their revolutionary ethos, still compete in the political arena through religious categories that subsume politics to Islam. It is only by taking seriously these religious categories that one can understand how Ennahda dealt with the challenge coming from Salafis.


Purpose To conduct a review of glaucoma management in France Method A 15-question survey was sent to ophthalmologists listed in the journal Réalités Ophtalmologiques and the Syndicat National des Ophtalmologues de France. Results 459/471 responses were analyzed. Gonioscopy was performed by 64.7% of respondents with a Goldmann three-mirror lens, by 51.4% with a four-mirror lens, and 8.2% preferred to perform the procedure with anterior segment imaging. The visual field was reported to be interpreted without difficulty by 87.8% of the practitioners, and 54.0% utilize a progression software. Ultrasound biomicroscopy was reported to be interpreted without difficulty by 20.0% of practitioners. In cases of severe ocular hypertonia with flat bleb in early postoperative trabeculectomy, 61.7% chose ocular massage as a first-line treatment, 52.9% chose laser suture lysis, 50.5% utilized needling, and 24.8% employed hypotonizing eyedrops. In case of severe ocular hypertonia with flat bleb in early postoperative deep sclerectomy, 53.2% chose goniopuncture as their first treatment, 34.4% employed needling, 31.8% utilized ocular massage, and 23.3% chose hypotonizing eyedrops. The selective laser trabeculoplasty is used as soon as the diagnosis is made by 37.5%, in association with a mono or dual therapy by 93.2%, after trying different combinations of eyedrops by 45.5%, when the visual field deteriorates despite a normalized intraocular pressure by 46.6%, and in cases of hypertonia after filtering surgery by 19.2%. Concerning management for primary angle-closure glaucoma, 80.8% considered peripheral iridotomy, and 18.7% utilized cataract surgery. Conclusion The diversity of responses concerning glaucoma management should draw attention to the need for standardized practices.


This paper is aimed at analysing the importance of teaching science practicals as they are shown in the syllabus of science subjects lather than waiting for the national examinations or waiting learners to reach form three or four. Among the importance of teaching science practicals as shown in the syllabus include, Development of student's scientific knowledge through practicals, Involving students in action and reflection, Practicals develops learners interest, Practical enhances creativity and deep understanding. Finally the paper recommended that the teaching of sciences in secondary schools in Tanzania needs to be reviewed and restructured so as to accommodate the current needs and challenges.


Sensitive partial discharge (PD) measurements on HV/EHV cable systems are usually based on electrical or electromagnetic PD detection. Unfortunately, interferences may significantly reduce sensitivity, especially in on-site after installation testing. This paper deals with optical PD detection which is absolutely immune to any kind of electromagnetic interferences. In this paper, we report on investigations on transparent silicone probes with artificial PD defects. Measurements were performed with a specialized PD measuring system with synchronous optical and electrical channels. Results show a clear correlation in between optical intensity and electrical discharge magnitude.


Popular religious practices such as communicating with the deceased take place in many parts of the world. In cases of death through violence, as in warfare, the living worry about the dead bodies of their loved ones as the lack of bodily remains makes it impossible to perform a proper burial. Vietnam is a valuable case study because it has experienced terrible violence in the 20th century. This article explores the pilgrimage of a group of brothers who searched for the bodily remains of their father in the late 1990s. He operated as a secret agent and was killed in 1957 when he crossed the border into South Vietnam. In their quest, the brothers consulted a ritual expert, who guided them from a distance. Drawing on this case study, the paper argues that filial piety, spirit mediumship, technology, and political history are deeply intertwined in post-revolutionary and late socialist Vietnam.


The present concept of chemical sensor technology is broadened, which makes it compatible with a wide variety of reagent-based assays, including those with irreversible molecular recognition mechanisms. The renewable chemical sensor system uses minute amounts of beads, on which the reagent is adsorbed and the analyte becomes preconcentrated and monitored. Spent beads are discharged after each use and the sensor surface is renewed by injecting a new portion of fresh bead suspension.


A robust observer design is proposed for Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy neutral models with unknown inputs. The model consists of a mixed neutral and discrete delay, and the disturbances are imposed on both state and output signals. Delay-dependent sufficient conditions for the design of an unknown input T-S observer with time delays are given in terms of linear matrix inequalities. Some relaxations are introduced by using intermediate variables. A numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the given results.


In this paper 2.4GHz ISM band Radio Frequency receivers are analyzed and tested. Electro-Magnetic Interference can couple with antennas, PCB traces and integrated inductors reaching the receiver's input and leading to communication impairment. The main causes of errors are analyzed considering the Low Noise Amplifier responsible for communication errors. Receiver susceptibility was evaluated through measurements, by injecting low-frequency interfering waveforms in the receiver front-end once the wireless communication was established. The susceptibility parameter used was the Packet Error Rate; its definition has been modified to account also for the packets lost. Vulnerability to low-frequency interference was found.


Query processing in Object Oriented Database management system is an active research area. Query Optimizer is very complex module in query processing which is programmed to optimize query execution. In this paper the design and implementation of Query Optimizer using C# .NET of Object Oriented databases is described. A novel method "Extent_Hash Search" for direct access in object oriented database is proposed. In the proposed method, a query is searched using the ExtentIds which shows an improvement with respect to earlier query optimization techniques. Same method gives better performance for nested query too.


The aim of the research is to create the classification for shock wave triple configurations and their existence regions of various types: type 1, type 2, type 3. Analytical solutions for limit Mach numbers and passing shock intensity that define existence region of every type of triple configuration have been acquired. The ratios that conjugate intensities of three shock in triple configuration and flow turn angle on them are presented. The transition (boundary) shock wave triple configurations have been reviewed. The acquired results can be used to design shock wave structures with set properties in detonation engines, air collectors, technological plants, when analyzing shock wave influence on objects during an explosion. Triple configurations of type 1 are used in internal compression air intakes that are based on interaction of oncoming shocks. Triple configurations of type 2 can be found in supersonic gas jets, at Mach reflection of shock and detonative waves from solid walls. Triple configurations of type 3 are used in supersonics multishock air intakes of external or mixed compression.


A digestion technique was used to quantitatively analyze the absolute sucking louse population on 71 Columbian black-tailed deer from northern California over a 3-year period. Infestations were compared on the basis of host anatomy, age, sex, habitat, and season of collection. The distribution of lice was determined by dividing the host into six regions. A total of 19 598 Anoplura (all Solenopotes ferrisi) was collected from 51 of 71 deer sampled with a mean infestation of 389 lice per infested deer and a range of 1 to 3968. These prevalence and abundance figures are much higher than previously recorded for Solenopotes on black-tailed deer. Lice were more abundant on fawns and on deer shot in the winter and spring. Lice exhibited a marked preference for the anterior regions of hosts, particularly when few lice were present.


For photodynamic therapy (PDT) or transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT) lasers, long irradiation time (typically 1 minute or longer) is used and a large area of retina is treated. Consequently, the power stability but also the light distribution within the laser beam plays a major role. This study aimed to evaluate beam intensity profiles produced by several PDT and TTT lasers.


We propose the use of multimode fiber Bragg gratings for realizing wavelength-switching erbium-doped fiber lasers and optical sensors. Two wavelength-switching techniques are studied by exploiting the mode spatial distribution characteristics in the multimode fiber.


Accordingly, exclusion is the most fundamental principle upon which the western metaphysical and logical system is based. Indeed all other concepts, which are claimed as the most fundamental principles of classic western metaphysics, like the principles of non-contradiction, and the excluded middle in Aristotelian metaphysics, or the recent studies of the concept of the metaphysics of presence in Derridean deconstructive philosophy, are all based on the concept of exclusion. The power of exclusion can be traced to the very beginning of western civilization, namely the Greek creation myth. According to Greek mythology, in the beginning there was chaos, and then a systematic world emerged. Hence, it is necessary to raise this question: What are the principles of the system and order in the world? Initially, we deal with Ovid's metamorphosis, in which the Greek creation mythology reveals its implicit principles. Accordingly, exclusion is the main principle of the organized world, which is derived from the power of exclusion between opposites, and the role of Zeus in activating such power (Ovid, n.d.). Whatever the history of Greek philosophy could be considered as an attempt to philosophize and conceptualize Greek mythology. Hence, western metaphysics, which inherited such philosophy, is shaped by such a lurking mythological origin to the extent that it could be called the metaphysics of exclusion. However, the philosophy of Anaximander was the cornerstone of philosophizing the Greek Exclusion is the very foundation of western metaphysics. Metaphysics as science of being qua being is founded upon concept of exclusion. Thus, to be is to be an excluding and excluded. Thus, being is a mutual exclusionary relationship between two opposites. Accordingly, exclusion is the most fundamental principle upon which the western metaphysical and logical system is based. Such exclusion can be traced to the very beginning of a Greek civilization, namely, the Greek creation myth. The author argues in this paper that the dominated western exclusionary culture has led to major conflicts. Currently it comes to an end as representing a major universal crisis at many levels. Additionally, Islamic and Christian cultures do not represent a profound alternative to western culture as they have been reshaped by western intellect. The Buddhist logic, which is founded upon totally different metaphysics, can represent a profound alternative to western exclusionary culture.


For multi-objective decision-making, we introduce into conceptions of ideal point of multi-objective decision-making、negative ideal point of multi-objective decision-making and objective vector of any feasible solution, and standardize them. After we use AHP to calculate weight vector of objective function, we define the weight distance from the standardized vector of objective vector of any feasible solution to the standardized vector of ideal point and the standardized vector of negative ideal point, furthermore a new index-relatively objective adjacent scale for objectives is proposed, and a method based on this index for multi-objective decision-making is also presented, and we use this method to make decision for investment constitute problem.


We propose a novel analog Class D Amplifier (CDA) based on self-oscillating modulation where the input of the feedback network is taken at the output of the lowpass LC filter ('complete feedback') as opposed to the prevalent (Pulse Width Modulation CDA) approach where the feedback input is taken at the output of the output stage of the CDA ('incomplete feedback'). The complete feedback approach substantially suppresses the non-linearity of the inductor of the Lowpass filter as this filter now constitutes part of the feedback loop. The proposed approach is highly hardware efficient over reported prevalent complete feedback CDAs. When the proposed complete feedback CDA is compared against the prevalent incomplete feedback approach, the proposed CDA exhibited highly suppressed THD (∼40dB relative suppression in most cases). The THD of the proposed CDA is ≤0.012% for the complete modulation index range and pertinent input signal range. Means to further reduce the THD is also suggested.


Revista de Etologia (RE) is a Brazilian journal aimed at publishing scientific articles in the field of Ethology (Animal Behavior). Recently, RE was renamed to "Current Ethology", and some of its publishing policies were changed. A survey of the published articles in the journal while still named RE was carried out with the purpose of recognizing publication trends and patterns. The journal was regularly published during two periods: from 1998 to 2006 and from 2010 to 2014. Recent years have seen a reduction in the number of volumes published, but studies listed as "Observational" were prevalent in almost all volumes. Class "Mammalia" was the most studied taxon in the RE reports. Southeast Brazil has the highest number of empirical investigations and of publishing institutions. RE also contains publications from 12 countries. These trends are discussed taking into account the development of Ethology in Brazil and the current state of the country's biodiversity cataloging. The low number of studies on animal behavior in most regions of Brazil is pointed out and a suggestion for further research is mentioned.


Mobile shopping is getting more and more popular. However, the number of mobile users is not parallel to the number of mobile shoppers. The reason of this phenomenon may be that mobile shoppers frequently concern about security while conducting mobile transactions. The current study aims to explore Trust Transference Facilitators (TTF) that can be used to persuade non-mobile shoppers into mobile shoppers. Drawing on the model of argument and the persuasion principles, our study uncovers how TTF can be presented on the checkout page of an m-commerce app and why it has the potential to eliminate consumers' negative attitudes toward using credit card over-the-air.


July/august 2012 Understanding the developmental stages of children is crucial for coaches. Equally important is the way adults communicate with children. In his seminal work describing the influence of society and social interactions on the psychosocial development of children, Erikson (1950, 1963) described the developmental crises faced by children at each major stage of their development from birth to death. According to Erikson, the developmental tasks of infancy and toddlerhood relate to the formation of trusting relationships and the establishment of a sense of autonomy. As children progress into their preschool years, the developmental crisis relates to the formation of a sense of initiative as opposed to a sense of guilt. During these early years, parents may have the most influence over the developmental outcomes of children. Later, as children progress into the elementary years, a time when many experience coaching in its formal sense for the first time, the role of other adults (e.g., teachers, coaches) increases. One of the key components to working with children is communication. Historically, negative behavioral-based interactions have been used in the classroom and playing fields (e.g., yelling or punishing). The authors of this article argue that by using techniques relevant to child-centered play therapy, a relationship can be created between coach and athlete that is respectful and also addresses the child's need for validation. Industry vs. Inferiority During the elementary years, Erikson (1950, 1963) described the child as one who "learns to win recognition by producing things" (p. 259). According to Erikson, it is during this stage that children begin to evaluate themselves based on external standards set by others. Erikson stated, "The child's danger, at this stage, lies in a sense of inadequacy and inferiority" (p. 260). More simply stated, the developmental task of the child during the elementary years is to gain a feeling of productiveness and acceptance for that productiveness. Erikson continued, "We have pointed in the last section to the danger threatening individuals and society where the schoolchild begins to feel that the color of his skin, the background of his parents, or the fashion of his clothes rather than his wish and his will to learn will decide his worth..." (p. 260). Working with children from an Eriksonian perspective requires that adults focus most on the "wish and the will" (p. 260) in providing children with feedback on their actions, behaviors, and academic, creative, or athletic products. This has important implications for coaches who may be focused on final products more so than the process involved in their achievement.


We are pleased by the interest from Dr. Jones in our recent study on the kinetics of hepatic ethanol elimination in patients with cirrhosis and healthy subjects [1]. Dr. Jones questioned various points of greater or lesser relevance to the issue studied and we would like to state that none of the subjects in the study received medicine or suffered from malnutrition, both factors that may influence hepatic ethanol elimination. Dr. Jones expressed concerns about our study design. This gives us the opportunity to clarify the principles for determining, in vivo, Vmax and Km of liver (splanchnic) uptake of substances from the blood by using successive periods with increasing steady-state concentrations of ethanol in an artery (A) and a liver vein (V) [2–5]. The in vivo kinetic parameters Vmax and Km are determined by non-linear regression of the Michaelis–Menten relation between the elimination rate v = F(A–V) (mmol min) (F = blood flow rate; constant Indocyanine Green (ICG) infusion procedure) and the logarithmic sinusoidal ethanol concentration ĉ = (A–V)/ln(A/V) (mM), which accounts for the decreasing concentration of ethanol along the flow direction in the sinusoid [3,6]. This procedure need not include concentrations which approach a high Km in order to access the possible contribution of a highKm pathway, as suggested by Dr. Jones [2–5]. Furthermore, high concentrations of ethanol may be toxic. The present Km estimates (ranging from 0.09 to 0.69 mM) are comparable with in vitro estimates of alcohol dehydrogenase of around 0.2 mM [7–9] and far from the Km estimates of the microsomal ethanol oxidation system of around 10–20 mM [10–12]. This makes it safe to conclude from the present data [1], as in our previous study on ethanol elimination kinetics in heavy drinkers [13], "that it was not necessary, in the statistical analysis, to include an alternative high-Km pathway". In our previous study we added "On the other hand, the data does give room for up to 50% elimination via such alternative pathways". Thus we still find that our previous study [13] has been misquoted by Dr. Jones in terms of indicating an important contribution of Microsomal Ethanol Oxidizing System (MEOS) in humans in vivo [14]. Increased elimination of ethanol in alcoholics due to increased MEOS activity has never been demonstrated experimentally in humans.


ABSTRACTThe relationship between Australia and the European Union has moved from being burdened by memory and trade tensions towards shared commitments to bolster the multilateral trade regime and ...


A simple analytical three-dimensional head-field model has been developed for a single-pole perpendicular recording head with a soft magnetic interlayer below the recording medium. A large-scale (5000:1) model of a perpendicular recording head has also been constructed. The normalized head fields obtained by the analytical model show good agreement with the experimental results from the large-scale model. Using the analytical model, it was confirmed that the side fringe of a perpendicular head diminishes rapidly compared with that of a longitudinal head, providing a higher potential for narrow-track recording. >


Perinephric abscess is a rare, serious condition. This review of 47 patients from eight hospitals provides a comprehensive characterization of this


Detailed to describe blasting construction technology about heat coagulum.Put forward to furnace cooling water force,measurement furnace blasting temperature in high temperature before the blasting,find out the variation with time of blast-hole temperature,using heat-insulation kits,ensure the temperature not more than 60 ℃ inside the time.Through the success in blasting and clearing heatcoagulum more than 400 of Huinong,Ningxia Hui Nationality Autonomous Region,verification the the accuracy of technology construction.


Atom-like defects or color centers (CC's) in nanostructured diamond are a leading platform for optically linked quantum technologies, with recent advances including memory-enhanced quantum communication, multi-node quantum networks, and spin-mediated generation of photonic cluster states. Scaling to practically useful applications motivates architectures meeting the following criteria: C1 individual optical addressing of spin qubits; C2 frequency tuning of CC spin-dependent optical transitions; C3 coherent spin control in CC ground states; C4 active photon routing; C5 scalable manufacturability; and C6 low on-chip power dissipation for cryogenic operations. However, no architecture meeting C1-C6 has thus far been demonstrated. Here, we introduce a hybrid quantum system-on-chip (HQ-SoC) architecture that simultaneously achieves C1-C6. Key to this advance is the realization of piezoelectric strain control of diamond waveguide-coupled tin vacancy centers to meet C2 and C3, with ultra-low power dissipation necessary for C6. The DC response of our device allows emitter transition tuning by over 20 GHz, while the large frequency range (exceeding 2 GHz) enables low-power AC control. We show acoustic manipulation of integrated tin vacancy spins and estimate single-phonon coupling rates over 1 kHz in the resolved sideband regime. Combined with high-speed optical routing with negligible static hold power, this HQ-SoC platform opens the path to scalable single-qubit control with optically mediated entangling gates.


History The University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer Center's HealthyU program started as a health education initiative to reach University of Chicago Medicine employees from across a variety of sections and departments. HealthyU consisted of weekly workshops, called Workshop Wednesdays and pledge cards for cancer screenings. HealthyU programming was only done during awareness months for the "screenable" cancers: breast, cervix, colon, and lung. Attendance at our workshops was sporadic and completed pledge cards usually did not meet programmatic goals. Making the Switch to Virtual Programming Beginning in October 2020, in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, we took the HealthyU program online for Breast Cancer Awareness Month. Our breast cancer programming consisted of four educational webinars to encourage breast cancer screening, a digital screening pledge card, and a mammogram toolkit with printable resources to promote mammography. We had 50% more webinar participants and 23% more pledge cards signed virtually than we did in October of 2019 during our in-person programming. The success of our virtual Breast Cancer Awareness Month programming prompted us to expand HealthyU dramatically. Cutting out the logistics of on-campus programming has allowed us to broaden the scope of the HealthyU program in the following ways: 1. The target audience has grown beyond UChicago Medicine employees to include a variety of community partners across greater geographic areas both within and outside of our catchment area. 2. We host webinars on a weekly basis and for a wide range of cancer-related topics. 3. Our physical pledge cards are virtual and have grown to include pledge cards for other cancer screenings and risk-associated behaviors. 4. We created online toolkits to share with our community and UCM partners with information and shareable resources that can be used online or printed and distributed. 5. We have incorporated virtual contests to encourage cancer screening advocacy and awareness. 6. We designed self-guided cancer education modules and an online video library to supplement our programming. 7. We leveraged our social media presence to engage in real-time cancer-focused conversations online. 8. We developed other online webinar series, including documentary short screenings, survivorship storytelling, researcher/survivor summits, and singular webinars on public health topics. Outcomes & Future Directions Through the HealthyU program, we've connected over 100 UCM employees and community partners with 64 different University of Chicago faculty experts and 26 community experts. We plan to use the techniques and outreach strategies learned to expand our reach in other areas, including an online training course for cancer investigators and community members on the principles of community-based participatory research, and a community-scientist virtual summit on Cancer and the Microbiome. We have leveraged the success of this program to secure device donations to expand our outreach to communities with inadequate technology access.


In this paper we quantize the free-particle on a D-dimensional sphere in an unambiguous way by converting the second-class constraint using St¨uckelberg field shiftting formalism. Further, we argument that this formalism is equivalent to the BFFT constraint conversion method and show that the energy spectrum is identical to the pure Laplace-Beltrami operator without additional terms arising from the curvature of the sphere. We work out the gauge symmetry generators with results consistent with those obtained through the nonlinear implementation of the gauge symmetry.


Dye solar cells (DSCs) are a complementary type of solar cell devices, and particularly interesting because they can be assembled in new and more exotic architectures compared to conventional solar cells. These systems need to be simulated preserving the real geometry of the device. In this paper, we use a 3-D model of DSCs implemented using finite element method to simulate DSCs wrapped around an optical fiber. We focus on the investigation of the electrical behavior of the cell by changing three important aspects: the counter-electrode contact, TiO2 thickness and light coupling between the optical fiber and the active porous material in the cell.


This research studies the determinants of the probability that a Dominican family is banked. Data is used from the Encuesta de Cultura Economica y Financiera 2014 (Financial and Economic Culture Survey 2014) of the Banco Central de la Republica Dominicana. Results show a significant role of variables related to financial attitudes, as financial issues oversight and previous payment capacity verification, and work status.


Educating an Orthodox Feminist: Male and Female A thesis presented to the Department of Near Eastern & Judaic Studies Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Brandeis University Waltham, Massachusetts By Shira Zeliger Affiliated as a "partnership minyan" through the Jewish Orthodox Feminist Alliance (JOFA), Minyan Tehillah in Cambridge, MA is an independent minyan (prayer community) that is committed to maximizing women's participation in ritual leadership roles within the boundaries of halakhic (Jewish legal) standards and practices and by partnering men and women in leading religious services using traditional liturgy. As an independent minyan founded in 2003, Tehillah attracts people from a variety of Jewish backgrounds, although it was founded by community members affiliated as Modern Orthodox. My research was therefore guided by my interest in how people raised Modern Orthodox become involved in a prayer community that pushes boundaries and promotes new ways of thinking about Jewish prayer and feminism. My research explored and analyzed the educational experiences of fifteen male and female participants of Minyan Tehillah in their twenties and thirties who self-identify as having been raised Modern Orthodox in North America. Their upbringing and background in the home, school and community as well as their attitudes toward Modern Orthodoxy, feminism and the type of prayer community in which they are involved have


This paper analyses the differences in the attractiveness of companies according to their country of origin. The aim is to expand knowledge about which characteristics make organisations more attractive to workers based on their place of origin (Anglo-Saxon, Northern-Central European, Mediterranean, Asian regions). In addition, it is analysed if the COVID-19 has caused changes in the elements that make up the attractiveness.
The sample comprises the ranking published by the journal Actualidad Económica about the most attractive companies to work for in Spain, during 2013-21. The variables used in the ranking are: Talent-Management, Remuneration, Work-Environment, CSR and Training. Other control variables like geocultural area are used. For this purpose, an econometric model of unbalanced panel data with random effects is proposed.
Results show there are differences in the assessment of professional attractiveness according to the companies' place of origin and culture. Remuneration and permanence in the ranking are the only variables which are relevant regardless of the culture. Talent Management, Working Environment and Training, size, and stock price influence Western countries unequally. The opposite occurs for SCR, which only affects Asian companies. Also, COVID-19 has affected unequally the assessment of the attractiveness of companies.


elaborate works written at the time of his death or shortly afterwards. For obvious reasons the easily accessible works of better known writers like Hesther Piozzi, John Hawkins, and James Boswell were not included, though why the collection was cut off at 1786 is not clear. Each item is provided with a good bibliographical headnote, and there are numerous other notes commenting on the reliability and provenance of the various bits of biographical information. These, however, may mislead any reader who unwarily assumes that every 'fact' not explicitly denied or revised may safely be accepted as true. The reader who surmounts this difficulty will be able to use the collection for tracing the growth of public knowledge about Johnson as well as of the Johnson legend. (CLARENCE


The purpose of this paper is to show how Nam Gongcheol(南公轍) accepted Yuan Hongdao(袁宏道)'s works with his critical viewpoint. In 1792, Nam Gongcheol, the representative literary official(gwangakmunin, 館閣文人) of the time of the Joseon kings such as Jeongjo and Sunjo, was reprimanded for using some vocabularies as 'Godong'(古董) by the king, Jeongjo. We can estimate that the vocabularies, which were used by Nam Gongcheol, were Gonganpai(公安派) frequently used at that time. It was due to some common grounds for political intentions, but was also due to familiar expression of the Gonganpai even in public writings like counterplan writings(daechakmun, 對策文). Nam Gongcheol accepted three things from Yuan Hongdao's works. The first one was the relativistic literary viewpoint. The second was 'dung beetle metaphor'. The third was self-complacency creation attitude. And he sent these characteristic letters to Kim Jaeryeon(金載璉) and Bak Namsu(朴南壽) who had critical attitudes for Ming(明) dynasty literature. It seems that Nam Gongcheol accepted the Yuan Hongdao's works from Yi Deokmu(李德懋) when he was young, and Yuan Hongdao also influenced Nam Gongcheol from the trend that pursuited Gonganpai's works with favor. But Nam Gongcheol's critical viewpoint was based on Tangsongpai(唐宋派). As the stance of Tangsongpai's critical viewpoint was considerably common with Gonganpai's, though he criticized Gonganpai apparantly, he accepted both of those stances.


In the context of automated classification of historical documents, we investigate three contemporary self-supervised learning (SSL) techniques (SimSiam, Dino, and VICReg) for the pre-training of three different document analysis tasks, namely script-type, font-type, and location classification. Our study draws samples from multiple datasets that contain images of manuscripts, prints, charters, and letters. The representations derived via pre-text training are taken as inputs for k-NN classification and a parametric linear classifier. The latter is placed atop the pre-trained backbones to enable fine-tuning of the entire network to further improve the classification by exploiting task-specific label data. The network's final performance is assessed via independent test sets obtained from the ICDAR2021 Competition on Historical Document Classification. We empirically show that representations learned with SSL are significantly better suited for subsequent document classification than features generated by commonly used transfer learning on ImageNet.


Diagramação e XML SciELO Publishing Schema: www.editoraletra1.com.br 295 Acta Botanica Brasilica 34(2): 290-300. April-June 2020 to T. roseum and T. candoliense (Fig. 3). To perform the BI analysis, the nucleotide models GTR+I+G, GTR+G, and SYM+G, were used for ITS, LSU, and rpb2, respectively. The nucleotide model GTR+I+G was defined as the best model in the ML analysis. Based on the morphological features and the results of phylogenetic analyses, a new species is introduced in this study to accommodate the strain URM 38 = FCCUFG 01.


The available evidence on the effects of political variables on both returns and volatility of aggregate stock indices is scant and mixed. Applying Bayesian Model Averaging to a panel dataset of 17 parliamentary democracies spanning the post-war period until 1995, we test the robustness of political variables in explaining stock returns and stock return volatility. While we find that the influence of political variables on excess returns is weak, there is evidence of some political variables explaining return volatility.


Pneumonia is a frequent and serious disease among the elderly, often associated with functional and cognitive impairments, dysphagia, malnutrition and immunosenescence. Although the link between the oral hygiene and the risk of pneumonia has been established, the oral status and swallowing function are not routinely screened in the context of a geriatric assessment. Bacteria from oral plaque are regularly aspirated into the lungs and periodontitis induces a chronic inflammation favoring the oral and respiratory epithelial colonization with respiratory pathogens, hence facilitating infections. The poor oral health status and related masticatory impairment are often associated with malnutrition and dehydration. Patients are stranded in a vicious circle of respiratory infections and relapses. Prevention in form of oral health care and daily oral hygiene has proven to be effective. CHEBIB, Najla, MULLER, Frauke, PRENDKI, Virginie. La pneumonie de la personne âgée et son lien avec l'état bucco-dentaire. Revue médicale suisse, 2018, vol. 14, no. 626, p.


The problem of packing a given sequence of items of 2-dimensional (2D) geometric shapes into a minimum number of rectangle bins of given dimensions is called the 2D bin packing problem. This problem has various applications across many industries such as steel-, paperand woodindustries where objects of certain shapes are needed to be cut from large rectangle panels with the most efficient use of materials. This problem, however, belongs to the class of NP-Hard problems, implying that no perfect solution exists. Many proposed solutions involve the use of advanced metaheuristic search techniques such as Local Search, Simulated Annealing or Genetic Algorithm, but most of them are still greedy-based, which means some greedy technique such as First-Fit is still used as their core placement algorithm and optimization techniques are employed only to search for a good ordering or orientation (rotation angles) of the objects so that the placement procedure can yield the best possible results. Practice has shown that greedy placement algorithm on the simple area decreasing order can produce excellent results comparable to those on orderings generated from advanced optimization techniques. This paper discusses the relevance of the order of placement in the 2D bin packing problem.


Device-to-device (D2D) communication, a core technology component of the evolving fifth-generation (5G) architecture, promises improvements in energy efficiency, spectral efficiency, overall system capacity, and higher data rates. These improvements in network performance spearheaded a vast amount of research in D2D, which identified significant challenges that need to be addressed before realizing their full potential in 5G networks, and beyond. Toward this end, this article proposes the use of a distributed intelligent approach to control the generation of D2D networks. More precisely, the proposed approach uses Belief Desire Intention (BDI) intelligent agents with extended capabilities (BDIx) to manage each D2D node independently and autonomously, without the help of the base station. To illustrate the above, this article proposes the DAIS algorithm for the decision of transmission mode in D2D, which maximizes the data rate and minimizes the power consumption in the network, while taking into consideration the computational load. Simulations show the applicability of BDI agents in solving D2D challenges.


With the reform of the power market, the distribution network side is gradually released, and the investment on the distribution network side has a huge impact on the distribution network planning. In particular, investment in energy storage has become the focus of investment in distribution networks in recent years. This paper establishes a comprehensive evaluation system for active distribution network planning considering economic, environmental protection, power supply quality and safety assessment. The grid companies and third-party companies are used as different investment entities to analyze the energy storage operation strategy. Based on the comprehensive evaluation system and energy storage operation strategy, a multi-objective optimization model for distribution energy resource in active distribution networks was established. Finally, the example is simulated by using the "2 supply and 1 standby" medium voltage distribution network topology. The simulation results verify the feasibility ADN effectiveness of the model.


Aim: Herbal therapy is using herbal or herbal combinations for therapeutic purposes. It is very common among the cardiovascular patients to use herbal products. However in this group of patient using herbal products can lead to morbidity and mortality as they might interact with medications and anaesthetic agents. In this study, herbal product usage among cardiovascular surgery patients and associated factors were investigated. Matherial and method: The sample of this descriptive study was consisted of 150 volunteer patients over 18 ages admitted to cardiovascular surgery outpatient department between July and September 2013 of two private hospitals located in Izmir province. Data were collected using face to face interview. Results: It was found that 50,7% of patients used herbal products and 48.7% of patients using these products took them for treating cardiovascular disease. The most frequently used products were thyme (18,7%), garlic (16,0%) and fennel (8,7%). The patients did not know that herbal products might have a side effect (59.2%) and 48,7% of the patients have not informed the physician or nurse that he/she was using herbal products. Conclusion: It has been found that usage of herbal products were common among cardiovascular surgery patients. Health care staff should inquiry the herbal product usage as well as taking patients previous details


— A small size terahertz microstrip antenna using graphene with tunable resonant frequency is proposed. Graphene's tuning ability is used to make antenna reconfigurable. We have included and applied more exact modeling of changeable graphene surface conductivity and used MATLAB codes to generate and characterize the conductivity of graphene and same is applied to simulation software. Designed patch antenna is simulated using electromagnetic high frequency simulator. Proposed antenna shows multibands operation, better performance in terms of return loss, directivity and reduced size. Reduced size is very much suitable for future era applications such as wireless networks on chip and wireless nano sensor network.


Is professional investing a loser's game? Many studies were conducted to answer this question. In developed markets most of the studies conclude that professional investors are unable to beat the market or expectations of the investors. These results led to the creation of large passive investment market in developed markets. But, in case of emerging markets there is scope for generating better than market/expected returns through professional investment management. Existence of information asymmetry between management and market enables professional investors to beat the market/expected returns. The objective of this study is study if Indian professional investors (fund managers) earn return in excess of benchmark returns over different time periods. The study is based on the sample of 40 growth schemes of 15 fund houses that have been in existence for at least 15 years. Results of the study shows that the sample funds earned average excess returns over benchmark returns of 0.02% over 5 year period and 0.01% over 15 years period. These funds also have lower risk-return ratio compared to the same for benchmark portfolio. It seems Indian professional investors are able to beat the market.


A method ia developed to solve the radiative transport equation with Monte Carlo. The photon source aT4 ia expressed aa the sum of an extraneoussource term plus a pseudoscatteringterm by utilizing the radiative energy balance equation. This resulting photon source is sampled directly in the Monte Carlo calculationwith an extrapolation of croaa aectiona and equation-of-statedata from the previous time step.


RESULTS: Flavonoids, tannins, polyphenols, saponins, quinones, monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes were detected in dried leaves and ethanol extract of bay plant. An increase of body weight in male and female groups treated with dose 100 and 400 mg/kg BW compared to controls, was observed. Moreover, there was an increase of white blood cell (WBC) in male and female groups treated with S. polyanthum extracts compared to controls, whereas a decrease of red blood cell (RBC) was observed in male groups treated with S. polyanthum extracts in dose-dependent manner compared to control. No significant changes of RBC were seen in female groups, haemoglobin values were not altered by extract treatment. Photomicrographs of liver, kidney, lungs, heart and spleen histopathology of male and female S. polyanthum extract-treated groups showed no significant alteration compared to controls.


Reporting Period: Year 3 Restoring vision by sheet transplants of retinal progenitors and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) Grant Award Details Restoring vision by sheet transplants of retinal progenitors and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) Grant Type: Early Translational IV Grant Number: TR4-06648 Project Objective: To differentiate hESC into optic cups and further into sheets of photoreceptor progenitors (>80%) together with hESC-derived RPE; and develop mature photoreceptor cells that integrate with the host after transplantation into immunodeficient RD rats and demonstrate a functional change in vision Investigator: Name: Magdalene Seiler Institution: University of California, Irvine Type: PI


Abstract Background: This study describes the psychometric testing of the Achondroplasia Personal Life Experience Scale (APLES): a new disease- and functioning-specific health-related quality of life instrument for young people with achondroplasia, which was developed based on the International Classification of Functioning–Children and Youth Version. Method: The qualitative analysis of focus group statements from German patients and parents using the International Classification of Functioning–Children and Youth Version yielded 59 items, which after cognitive debriefing were included in a pilot-test. Psychometric performance was cross-culturally examined in a field- and re-test in Germany and Spain. Results: Cognitive debriefing and pilot-test results suggested to reduce the 59-APLES version to a 35-items version. Field-test data showed acceptable reliability and validity, which further improved after the APLES was shortened to 21 items. Conclusion: Developing a disease-specific instrument within the framework of the International Classification of Functioning allows the universal assessment and comparison of perceived health. Psychometric analysis showed that the APLES fulfills psychometric quality standards and provides a way to assess health-related quality of life from self- and observer report in young persons with achondroplasia. Further studies may use the instrument in clinical research and practice to understand perceived burden and to optimize care. Implications for Rehabilitation Health-related quality of life instruments are useful tools to include in clinical research and/or practice to evaluate treatment effects directly from the patient's perspective. Cross-culturally developed health-related quality of life measures that are based on the International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health provide the opportunity to assess the health status in a standardized language and to compare it across countries and health professions. All four components of the International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health – Child and Youth Version ("Body Functions & Structures", "Activities and Participation", "Environmental Factors", and "Personal Factors") have been shown to be relevant in assessing health-related quality of life and functioning in young achondroplasia patients. Results underline the important aspects associated with disproportionate short stature, emphasizing the benefits of a disease-specific instrument.


Aim. To identify the optimal tactics of antihypertensive therapy (AHT) in patients with hypertensive crise (HC), complicated by haemorrhagic stroke (HS). Material and methods. Forty patients aged 46–87 years, who were hospitalised with HC and HS as its complication. Results. All patients were divided into two groups, according to the median levels of systolic blood pressure (SBP) at 20 minutes after the start of the treatment: SBP >161 mm Hg vs. SBP <161 mm Hg. A significantly better survival was observed in patients with a higher degree of the 20-minute SBP eduction. In addition, patients were divided into tertiles of the 20-minute SBP levels. Participants with SBP 136–149 mm Hg demonstrated a significantly better survival. The degree of SBP reduction at 220 minutes was not significantly associated with survival. Furthermore, the patients were divided into two groups by the rate of SBP reduction. Faster rates were associated with a better survival (PGW=0,002). The second part of the study was focused on the assessment of effectiveness and safety of urapidil hydrochloride (Ebrantil). The patients were randomised into two groups: one group was administered Ebrantil, while another received the standard neuroresuscitation unit treatment. Ebrantil therapy demonstrated a fast and effective SBP reduction at 20 minutes, which was also associated with a better survival. Conclusion. We identified optimal, associated with a better survival, BP levels (136–149 mm Hg) for patients with HC complicated by HS. Target BP levels should be achieved within 20 minutes, as a slower BP reduction is linked to a worse prognosis. Ebrantil is an effective and safe antihypertensive medication.


The process of Luda ilmenite smelting by plasma furnace has been studied by means of self-designed plasma torch. The prereduced Luda ilmenite was melted satisfactorily in plasma furnace to produce Ti enriched slag containing 90-98% TiO_2.


"I see the World, a vital web, self-woven... / with Space for warp and Time for woof." So was the world envisioned by George Cram Cook,1 novelist, poet, and founder of the Provincetown Players, who met his untimely death in Greece in 1924 and lies buried in the foreign quarter of the little cemetery overlooking the ruins of the Temple of Apollo at Delphi. Cook, himself an ardent admirer of the Classics, presents here an image which appears frequently in ancient literature — the image of the weaving of fabric on a loom as a metaphor for creation and creativity.2 Lucretius in particular, in his great epic poem De Rerum Natura, seems to have been struck by the usefulness of the warp weighted loom — a familiar part of every Roman's daily life — as a reference point for visualizing the universe as the fabric of Nature's design, woven together from the warp and woof of the atoms.


A series of disordered α′-Sr2Si3x/4O2Nx:Eu2+ (1.333 ≤ x ≤ 2.4) phosphors were synthesized by the conventional solid state reaction method. The disordered α′-Sr2Si3x/4O2Nx:Eu2+ (α′-SSON:Eu2+) phosphors have two distinct activation centers: Eu(I) and Eu(II). With the increase of N concentration, both the luminescence intensity and the dominant peak wavelength (DPWs, which is about 490 nm) of the Eu(I) site were extraordinarily unchanged. In comparison with the yellow emissions (∼580 nm) of the Eu(II) site of the disordered α′-Sr2SiO4:Eu2+, the DPWs of Eu(II) emissions were at red spectral regions (609–618 nm), which depends on the amount of N3−. The PL intensity of the Eu(II) emission band increased first and then decreased, and reached a maximum at x = 2. The disordered α′-SSON is a substitutional solid solution. Compared with the disordered α′-Sr2SiO4, all the lattice constants of disordered α′-SSON became smaller which led to the decrease of the cell volume. The peaks of the Si–N and Sr–N bond could be observed in FT-IR spectra. The Si–(N/O)4 tetrahedrons transformed from Si–O4, Si–NO3, and Si–N2O2 into Si–N3O with the increase of N content. The bond lengths of Si–N and Sr–(N/O) were within the normal ranges compared with other silicon-based oxynitrides. The Si–O bond lengths became shorter due to the extrusion effects of longer Si–N bonds. Both of the average bond lengths of Sr1–(N/O) and Sr2–(N/O) in disordered α′-SSON became longer than that of disordered α′-Sr2SiO4. Due to the red emission and high photoluminescence intensity of the disordered α′-Sr2Si3x/4O2Nx:Eu2+ (1.333 ≤ x ≤ 2.4), we anticipate that these materials can be used as red phosphors in white light emitting diodes.


We report on analysis of ion-beam patterned surface morphology in terms of regularity of pattern shape and orientation, homogeneity over irradiated surface, and the effective increment in its surface area, which are critical in deciding the applications for the corresponding surface. As a case study, we have chosen Si surface, which is exposed to 60 keV Ar+-ions at different angles of incidence and ion fluence and have performed detail statistical analysis of topographic images of the patterned surfaces. By using the Scanning Probe Image Processor (SPIP) software, morphological parameters, viz. surface area ratio, texture direction index, texture aspect ratio, ratio of system correlation length to ripple wavelength, directional roughness exponents, and anisotropy ratio are calculated as functions of ion incidence angle and fluence. From angle-dependent studies, we observe that ripple patterns become more regular with increasing angle of incidence. On the other hand, fluence-dependent study of these parameters shows that ripple shapes are most regular for the fluence of 3 × 1018 ions cm−2, while ripples are most unidirectional for the fluence of 2 × 1018 ions cm−2. Our analysis method shows a route towards optimization of ion-patterned surfaces in terms of nanostructure quality or effective surface area, which is vital for applications. Further, using scaling analysis, we associate Si surfaces generated within particular angular or fluence range to different universality classes, which can help towards understanding of their formation mechanism.


Evaluation has been made of the existing flow measurement techniques. Selective and adoptive models which apply to the flow measurement techniques of different U-shaped channels have been given. Studies are done on the design and standardization of flat parabolic non-floated segment of U-shaped channel flow measurement flume and, by using the form coefficient of the parabola (P) as the index, 28 standard flumes are proposed. The examinations and observations both in the lab and on the spot have shown that measured values are identical with the theory value, which indicates that the flume can meet the demand of water measurement.


The building environment and the building roof structure of buildings are different from each other. This causes the different combination methods of solar collectors and building roof. The outlook of solar collectors and the methods of waterproof and insulation are various. These factors will contribute to the diversification of forms of solar water heaters. This paper describes several combination methods of solar collectors and building roof and the corresponding waterproof and insulation methods. Based on existing combination methods and in the premise to ensure the safety and functionality, a more simple and economical combination method was put forward - combination structure of industrial aluminum and its accessories. It can meet the requirements of the industrialization of constructional installation and building integrate in our social.


Efforts to explain regional variations in rates of violent crime have frequently cited the southern subculture of violence thesis. However, the evidence for the existence of such a subculture has been inconclusive. This study investigates regional differences in the levels and determinants of support for interpersonal violence under defensive or retaliatory circumstances. Using data from the 1983 General Social Survey, this research finds that native southerners are disproportionately inclined to condone defensive or retaliatory forms of violence. There is evidence that the public religious culture of the South may play a significant role in legitimizing these types of violence. Some results are consistent with arguments that interregional migration and cohort substitution are attenuating regional differences in views regarding violence. Several directions for future research on violent attitudes are discussed


(57) Abstract: optionally activated, macrophages, and / or a method of preparing a composition containing cells derived from monocytes with a high antigen-presenting ability, monocytes in the starting composition culturing, but this step is performed at least some of the components other than monocytes from the starting composition, or a step of removing by using antibodies against such components above, and / or after followed by , and it is continuously performed after the / or elutriation. Compositions and kits for carrying out the method is also disclosed.


Abstract Objective Rate of learning is often cited as a deterrent in the use of endoscopic ear surgery. This study investigated the learning curves of novice surgeons performing simulated ear surgery using either an endoscope or a microscope. Methods A prospective multi-site clinical research study was conducted. Seventy-two medical students were randomly allocated to the endoscope or microscope group, and performed 10 myringotomy and ventilation tube insertions. Trial times were used to produce learning curves. From these, slope (learning rate) and asymptote (optimal proficiency) were ascertained. Results There was no significant difference between the learning curves (p = 0.41). The learning rate value was 68.62 for the microscope group and 78.71 for the endoscope group. The optimal proficiency (seconds) was 32.83 for the microscope group and 27.87 for the endoscope group. Conclusion The absence of a significant difference shows that the learning rates of each technique are statistically indistinguishable. This suggests that surgeons are not justified when citing 'steep learning curve' in arguments against the use of endoscopes in middle-ear surgery.


This paper studied the influence of pH, temperature and particle size on the chemical leaching of chalcopyrite. The results show that H+ is not only responsible for the hydrolysis and precipitation of ferric ion as jarosite, but also related directly to chalcopyrite dissolution. The mechanism of chalcopyrite leaching is as follows: the first stage is H+ attacking valence band and electron transition during oxidation, which needs a great deal of the energy to the system. The second stage is the transport of electrons from the chalcopyrite surface to the dissolved oxygen. However, the limiting step changes into diffusion control from chemical control when the elemental sulphur film formed, which obstructs transport of electrons.


Shared bicycles as an important way of connecting public transport, have few literature to evaluate its effectiveness.This paper taking Beijing city as an example, make anevaluationfor the six types of travel combinations which are commonly used by the citizens. The author selects four quantitative indicators: fuel consumption, economic cost, total time spent, and CO2 emission. And two qualitative indicators: degree of comfort and convenience. The relative efficiency of quantitative indicators is obtained by data envelopment analysis (DEA) and fuzzification and then take fuzzy synthetic evaluation with qualitative indicators.It was found that the choice of shared bicycles +subway+ shared bicycles and shared bicycles has good comprehensive benefits in medium distance travel. The findings also suggest that shared bicycles +subway+ shared bicycles is the best choice in the utilitarian trips. The conclusions not only provide suggestions for the travellers to select travel modes, but also can adjust the relevant factors to increase the proportion of green travel.


Museums in Ukraine's Donbas region have endured a protracted war since 2014: many were occupied, looted, and re-established in Ukrainian government-controlled territory, leaving behind collections. Against the backdrop of the events of 2014, this paper offers a brief analysis of how museums attempted to safeguard and evacuate their collections when Russia launched the full-scale invasion of Ukraine. Identifying key factors behind the widespread lack of successful evacuations, the paper touches on the social and financial cost of contingency planning, the distribution of responsibilities and resources, institutional bottlenecks, and altered perceptions of risk in war-affected areas.


Nesser's most popular crime novel Kim Novak and its pendant Piccadilly, set in the 1960's in Midsweden, share time, location, and the adolescence's search for identity. In that quest the merging po ...


Abstract Based on first principles, a theoretical model for El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is derived that consists of prognostic equations for sea surface temperature (SST) and for thermocline variation. Considering only the large-scale, equatorially symmetric, standing basin mode yields a minimum dynamic system that highlights the cyclic, chaotic, and season-dependent evolution of ENSO. For a steady annual mean basic state, the dynamic system exhibits a unique limit cycle solution for a fairly restricted range of air-sea coupling. The limit cycle is a stable attractor and represents an intrinsic interannual oscillation of the coupled system. The deepening (rising) of the thermocline in the eastern (western) Pacific leads eastern Pacific warming by a small fraction of the cycle, which agrees well with observation and plays a critical role in sustaining the oscillation. When the nonlinear growth of SST anomalies reaches a critical amplitude, the delayed response of thermocline adjustment provides a n...


Organic farming is increasingly considered as a possible alternative model to design a new rural society in Brazil and making sense in a global economy. Farmers in São Paulo have set up collectives, based on new relationships with institutions and urban consumers, in three Brazilian metropolises. The starting point for the research presented here therefore, was the hypothesis that organic farming is a s o c ia l strategy, committed to creating spaces for agricultural production in order to rebuild rural communities. The research uses an institutional framework to investigate modes o f organization, and the dynamic of economic and social relations. Secondly, the authors characterize the process o f organic farming as social development in Ibiúna territory, and identify contingent economic and environmental interactions. Thirdly, the authors analyse the evolution o f organizational forms through various initiatives to aid production, certification and distribution, and show how stakeholders can select and marginalize farmers. Finally, the chapter outlines those elements o f social organic development that act as a template for the renewal o f farmer associations, and discusses available strategies to reduce the risk inherent in sustaining alternative avenues for organic sector development.


Synthetic aperture radar(SAR) raw data is essential for SAR system design and imaging algorithm research,but real data is expensive and inflexble.The time domain simulation method of raw data was explained in detail on the basis of SAR system return signal model.It simulates real process of radar emitting and receiving,which needs no additional range cell migration.The steps and results of simulation were provided and the validity of the proposed method was proved by comparing with the simulation data obtained with frequency domain method.


When incompletely mixed hot and cold fluid streams pass over the surface of a component or a structure containing a defect, the vibrating mixing fluid boundary with its rapid temperature excursions causes stress fluctuation in the adjacent metal leading to high cycle fatigue damage. In this study the stress intensity factor distribution and the fatigue crack arrest behavior have been obtained for a semi-infinite plate exposed to fluid with oscillating temperature distribution. The number of cycles required to extend a crack of a given depth to a certain amount has been calculated.


The goal of the assignment was to: Design a high-quality User Experience and User Interface for the Schluss personal data vault. This user experience should be hands-on, transparent, intuitive and clear. The user interface should feel extremely private, secure and trusted, whilst containing all the data that Schluss users need or want to track. In order to depict the user experience, a more practical deliverable is needed:  A functional user interface prototype for the Schluss data vault. What has been done?  The design process consisted of three stages:  1. Validate Schluss' value propositions.  2. Design the user interface.  3. Evaluate and redesign the user interface.  1. Validate value propositions Before starting with the design, a value proposition validation has been done, for which four value propositions are distilled from information about Schluss, context and comparable services. These were the propositions:   Schluss enables its users to... ... have a better ensured/protected privacy.  ... share data easily.  ... manage consent easily.  ... have all data correct for all data users easily.  These values have all been validated positively with a survey, where the participants were first shown the different possibilities with Schluss. 2. Design the user interface After validating that users see value in Schluss' propositions, it was time to design a corresponding user interface. For the design Schluss has been separated into three core functionalities: 1. Logging in with Schluss at third party data users 2. Updating your information in the Schluss vault.  3. Managing consent in a Schluss dashboard and receiving notifications about consent.  Designs and functional prototypes are made for every functionality in the form of a Mobile Application and a Desktop Dashboard 3. Evaluate and redesign part of the user interface.  The first functionality is evaluated. I think this is the most important part, because Schluss has yet to be introduced to consumers and this is the functionality that consumers see first. Most onboarding will happen through this functionality. This is the reason that this functionality - in this stage of Schluss - needed most attention.


Coupled simulation environment is presented, where electrical machines are modeled by the finite element method (FEM) with circuit equations and coupled to converter models in a system simulator. The method is based on weak coupling, providing possibility for multiple time step levels in the system model. Examples concerning the analysis of current and voltage harmonics, additional losses and tooth forces, are presented for 2 MW cage induction motor, 9 MW and 12.5 MW synchronous motors and 1.5 MW permanent magnet synchronous motor supplied by frequency converters. Also the future outlook of coupled FEM-system simulation is discussed in terms of the actual need for coupled models and the research interests on the coupling method development.


The research has been conducted to experiment an activity of antibacterial assay from water and ethanol garlic (Allium sativum L.) extract to Gram negative and Gram positive Bacteria isolated from Metapenaeus monoceros, Panulirus sp, Mysis and Acetes (Prawns). The research used factorial pattern Randomize Block Design which consisted of two factors and two replications. An assay bacteria are Bacillus sp, Streptococcus sp, Staphylococcus sp, Erysilopethrix sp (Gram positive) and Clostridium sp, Corynebacterium sp, Plesiomonas sp, Vibrio sp (Gram negative), have been used. The result showed that all concentrations of garlic ekstract with water and ethanol solvent has been influence the zone of inhibition from all bacteria. The pure garlic ekstract with concentration 75 % showed the best zona of inhibition to Streptococcus sp (28.25 mm), Clostridium sp (27,75 mm), and Plesiomonas sp (22.25 mm).


In a dependable real-time system including microprocessors, memory and I/O devices, microprocessors can be used by Dynamic Voltage/Frequency Scaling (DVFS) to reduce energy consumption. Introduction of fault-tolerance schemes render such technique unsuitable since fault-tolerant schedules have several unique characteristics.
My research makes the following contributions: (1) The investigation of the feasibility of task-set schedule on a multi-processor system under the impact of fault; (2) The investigation of minimizing processor energy consumption under the impact of fault for uni-processor system; (3) The investigation of minimizing processor energy consumption under the impact of fault for multi-processor system.
Based on the first investigation, I propose a methodology to investigate the design of energy-efficient and reliable real-time systems. Based on the second and third investigation, an innovative algorithm to convert system reliability requirements to fault tolerance requirements is proposed. I also propose a heuristic algorithm to find a close-to-optimal frequency policy in polynomial time. Experimental results show that the results obtained by the proposed algorithm are within 4% difference from the optimal results obtained by solving the ILP formulation.


Microcomputers are finding their way into mathematics classes all across the country. This heavy investment by schools has made computers accessible to millions of students. Microcomputers are an efficient way to individualize instruction, supply motivation, and increase achievement. With appropriate software and classroom management, computers can be used to make lackluster or difficult subject content come alive in interest-


In large deformation analysis with large mass fluxes, the conventional finite element technique using the updated Lagrangian formulation may suffer from serious numerical difficulties when the deformation of material is significantly large. This difficulty can be particularly observed in higher order elements when severe distortion of elements may lead to singularities in the isoparametric mapping of the elements, aborting the calculations or causing numerical errors. In order to overcome this difficulty, the arbitrary Lagrangian– Eulerian (ALE) approach has been proposed in the literature [1, 2]. In ALE approach, the mesh motion is taken arbitrarily from material deformation to keep element shapes optimal. In this paper, a new computational technique is presented based on the eXtended Finite Element Method for large deformation problems. An ALE technique is employed to capture the advantages of both Lagrangian and Eulerian methods and alleviate the drawbacks of the mesh distortion in Lagrangian formulation. The X-FEM procedure is implemented to capture the discontinuities independently of element boundaries. The process is accomplished by performing a splitting operator to separate the material (Lagrangian) phase from convective (Eulerian) phase, and partitioning the Lagrangian and relocated meshes with some triangular sub-elements whose Gauss points are used for integration of the domain of elements. In ALE technique, the governing equations can be derived by substituting the relationship between the material time derivatives and referential time derivatives into the continuum mechanics governing equations. This substitution gives rise to convective terms in the ALE equations which account for the transport of material through the grid. Thus, the momentum equation in ALE formulation can be written similar to the updated Lagrangian description by consideration of the material time derivative terms. In addition, to describe the constitutive equation for nonlinear ALE formulation, the relationship between material time derivatives and referential time derivatives is specialized to the stress tensor. In X-ALE-FEM analysis, the X-FEM method is performed together with an operator splitting technique, in which each time step consists of two stages; Lagrangian


A study was carried out on soil samples collected from Kubah National Park in order to discover novel antibiotics produced by soil microbes. Twenty one samples of soil were analyzed for antimicrobial producing microbes. The test bacteria used in this study were Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enteritidis and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Six fungal isolates (P550 AI a iv, P550 AI b iv, P550 AI c iii, P550 AI d iv, P550 AII a iv, P550 AII b iv) showed strong antibacterial activity against different strains of test bacteria during antibiotic activity screening using agar overlay techniques in the preliminary screening followed by secondary screening. A total of 3 fungal isolates (P550AIa, P550AIb, P550AIc) were selected to undergo antibiotics susceptibility testing and characterization. These 3 fungal isolates showed MIC value and produced inhibition zone compared to the positive control (5× dilutions of penicillin-streptomycin solution). The 3 fungal isolates were subjected to thin layer chromatography and bioautography to characterize their antimicrobial active compound. Three fungal isolates were subjected to Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and gel electrophoresis, however only P550AIb showed band on gel electrophoresis. Upon identification, P550AIb was identified as Penicillium verruculosum after being sequenced. All the fungal isolates could be used to produce antimicrobial compound.


Jeongrimsaji as temple remains of Baekje Sabi period, its re-excavation has been carried three times in full scale. As a result, the buildings in left and right of lecture hall was largely identified in 3 forms. First, layout of small buildings in left and right of lecture hall. Second, layput of corridor in left and right of lecture hall. Third, layout of construction site in the north of corridor in left and right of lecture hall. Above second is included into remains of Gorye, the third is included into remains of Baekje - the remains were almost ruined then. The first form and third form in above is different each other in size of buildings, form of layout, and location. It is important to investigate these points: the time of constructing the buildings; what position have the use and function of the buildings in the temple? ; transition process of layout of the Buddhist temple. In this context, of temple remains in Baekje during the 5~7th century, the cases where construction sites in left and right of lecture hall and construction site in the north of corridor are identified, have been reviewed. Based on this review, the use and function of buildings, their transition process were investigated. The survey results show that small buildings in left and right of lecture hall existed in the middle and later period of the 6th century. During the later 6th century ~ the 7th century, construction site in narrow and long square shape was located in left and right of lecture hall instead of small buildings in the north of corridor. Therefore, it is identified that the aforementioned thing is earlier stage and the latter thing is later stage.