The objective of this study was to evaluate preschool teachers' attitudes towards nutrition labels. A sample of 154 preschool teachers was surveyed to determine their label‐reading behaviours and knowledge. A total of 71.5% of the preschool teachers reported that they read food labels when purchasing food items (i.e. rather often or sometimes). Turkish preschool teachers who are frequent nutrition label users are relatively younger, at the age of 25–40 years and university graduates. Preschool teachers' lack of interest in many of the terms in nutrition labels seemed to correspond with their lack of knowledge about them. It is concluded that nutrition labelling education education programmes can help preschool teachers to use nutrition labels to improve the quality of their diets. Since preschool teachers are regarded as the single most important factor in creating an effective and inclusive class for children, teaching is a effective tool for behavioural changes in nutrition.


Objective:To observe the effect of growth hormone( rhGH)and glutamine( Glu)enriched nutrition on stress status and immune function in elderly patients with sepsis.Methods:Forty elderly patients with sepsis were randomly divided into experimental group and routine group( 20 cases each).Patients in routine group were given standard nutritional support,while experimental group were given standard nutritional support + GIu 100 mL/d + rhGH 10 U/d.Tests for the stress status( levels of C3,C4and CRP)and immune function( changes of CD4 +,CD8 +cells and CD4 +/CD8 +,IgG,IgM)were observed one day before experiment and at 7 and 14 days after experiment.Results:Levels of C3,C4and CRP showed no significant differences in two groups before experiment,but they were improved after experiment at 7 and 14 days than that in routine group( P 0.05).Experimental group had improved immune function compared with that of routine group at the 7 and 14 days after experiment( P 0.05).Conclusion:Growth hormone and Glu enriched nutrition can effectively ameliorate the stress status and enhance immune function in critically ill elderly patients.


The cover mosaic illustrates John's diverse interests from his early work on vibronic theory and resonance Raman excitation spectra to current research on light harvesting and catalysis by self-assembled porphyrin nanostructures. White dots on the tiles connect an area of research with an illustration. The images above and below the mosaic show porphyrin nanostructures and their constituent ions; the clovers are an electron donor/acceptor binary solid that can self-platinize and then photosensitize hydrogen production from water.


This study verified the effect of the shading device having different materials on front and back sides. This shading device has high reflectivity materials on front side, so it can reflect the direct solar effectively and prevent the solar from heating up the room during summer. On the other hand, it has high absorptance materials on back side, so it can prevent diffuse solar from penetrating the room during summer. This study suggested the proper operating method of shading devices through energy simulation.


The bvg locus contains two genes, bvgA and bvgS, which control the expression of the virulence‐associated genes in Bordetella species by a system similar to the two‐component systems used by a variety of bacterial species to respond to environmental stimuli. We determined the nucleotide sequence of the bvg loci of Bordetella parapertussis and Bordetella bronchiseptica and compared them with the previously determined sequence of Bordetella pertussis. The nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the bvg loci of these species are well conserved in those regions coding for the protein domains which have putative kinase and DNA‐binding activities. In marked contrast, the region of BvgS that codes for the protein domain with putative sensor activity shows a high degree of variability. In total, we find 198 base‐pair changes in the bvg loci of B. parapertussis and B. bronchiseptica relative to the bvg locus of B. pertussis. One hundred and seventy‐three of these base‐pair changes are identical in S. parapertussis and B. bronchiseptica. Tills confirms our previous observation that B. parapertussis and B. bronchiseptica are more related to each other than to B. pertussis. We have mapped the mutations that cause phase changes in B. bronchiseptica and we have found that in three cases these are due to spontaneous deletions in the bvgS gene.


Failure dynamics of metallic conductors and formation features of bicomponent nanoparticles in synchronous electric explosion of metal wires were investigated. The interatomic interactions were calculated on the base of the embedded atom method. The influence of the distance between exploded metal wires and environment viscosity on the internal structure of formed nanoparticles was studied. Investigations in the paper were conducted using the molecular dynamics method. The potentials calculated in the framework of the embedded atom method were used to describe interatomic interaction. These potentials allow calculating with high accuracy the energy of structural defects, surface properties, elastic characteristics and some other properties that are necessary for a correct simulation of electric explosion of metal wires. Copper and nickel crystallites of cylindrical shape were chosen as conductors for explosion. Periodic boundary conditions were used along the cylinder axis, while in the other directions a free surface was simulated. Heating of the nanowires was performed by scaling of the atomic velocities following a linear law while maintaining a Maxwell distribution. The high-rate heating resulted in explosive failure of the metal wires accompanied by the formation of nanosized particles (atomic clusters) and a gaseous phase. Influence of interfaces, heat rate and temperature distribution along sample profile on structure of generated nanoparticles was investigated. It was shown that as a result of the synchronous electrical dispersion of metal wires the bi-component nanoparticles having a block structure may be formed. The analysis of the size, shape, internal structure and phase composition of bi-component nanoparticles synthesized under metal wire explosion was made. It was noted that the method of molecular dynamics can effectively be used to select the optimal technological mode of producing nanoparticles with a block structure using electric explosion of metal wires.


Bombardment of ${\mathrm{C}}^{14}$ by deuterons produces three nuclear reactions, yielding neutrons, $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-particles, and protons, and leads thereby to the formation of ${\mathrm{N}}^{15}$, ${\mathrm{B}}^{12}$, and a new radioactive isotope, ${\mathrm{C}}^{15}$. The half-life of this sixth isotope of carbon is 2.4 sec., and the end point of the $\ensuremath{\beta}$-ray spectrum lies at 8.8 Mev.


Overtime is normally defined as working hours that are done in addition to normal (legislated) working hours during a day or a week. In many countries it may be compensated by overtime premium pay, which can play a role in worker remuneration. Overtime working hours can have important benefits for worker compensation if a premium is paid for each overtime hour worked, but can pose health and well-being concerns for workers if they work too many hours. Working conditions in general, and overtime in particular, are crucially dependent of the prevailing institutional set-up at the national and supranational level. Furthermore, the behaviour of governments, employers and trade-union organisations is important for understanding a country's working time regime, and in turn how they address overtime.
This paper reviews some of the evidence, mainly from labour economics, industrial relations and sociology, to provide an inter-disciplinary overview on how overtime issues are addressed by different academic disciplines. It also examines the incidence of overtime work within the context of several distinct national employment regimes and industrial relations systems, which provides a useful framework to enhance our understanding of overtime in theory and in practice.


Author's Introduction and Note: The secret to increasing females in technology is not to "fix" the girls but to make the technology classroom and profession more appealing to and welcoming of girls. Rather than trying to replicate the approaches and interests of the small number of girls successful in technology to a larger group, the secret is to make the environment one that the larger group wishes to join. This paper uses generalizations of the behaviors of girls/ women vs. boys/men to identify simple actions that will appeal to larger numbers of girls while continuing to appeal to the boys. It should be noted that these are often generalizations of the U.S. mainstream (white/Anglo). Any specific girl or boy may behave in vastly different ways, and these generalizations cannot be universally assumed of every ethnic/racial group. While encouraging any teacher to investigate how culture, society's messages, and previous educational experiences shape the tendencies of any group of students, many of the suggestions included in this paper can have positive impacts on both girls and boys from different ethnic/racial backgrounds. The opportunities for women in engineering and technology seem endless. The U.S. Department of Labor predicts that jobs for engineers and technologists will grow at four times the national average. President Bush's announcement of the American Competitiveness Initiative highlighted the growing need for increasing the number of students studying engineering and technology. Employers, recognizing the value of diversity, are supporting a wide range of outreach efforts to attract women into engineering. In spite of the opportunity, undergraduate engineering and technology programs are unable to attract young women. The Commission on Professionals in Science and Technology reports that after reaching a high of 19.9% in 1996, the percentage of women in the first-year fulltime undergraduate enrollment of engineering has dropped to 16.3% in 2005. This trend is not surprising, but still perplexing, to the many technology teachers struggling to recruit females into their classes. However, the research on career choices for young women may have application in recruiting girls into technology classes and ensuring their success. This research is uncovering the incongruity among the stereotypes (both accurate and inaccurate) of engineering and technology, young women's self-perceptions, and the motivators of young women. A multitude of factors impact young women's interest and self-confidence in technology. By understanding these factors we can begin to increase the numbers of females in technology. The research of Jacquelynne Eccles of the University of Michigan Institute for Social Research and the University of Michigan Institute for Research on Women and Gender reveals some of the messages that parents inadvertently give to daughters that undermine both their daughters' confidence in their math and science abilities and their interest in pursuing careers in these fields. She found that even though girls got better math grades than boys, parents of daughters reported that math was more difficult for their child than parents of sons. For the math success of boys, parents rated talent and effort as equally important. For the math success of girls, parents said hard work was much more important than math talent. Ultimately, these young women have a lower opinion of their abilities in math and science and in their general intellectual abilities, even though they average higher college GPAs than young men. Considering Dr. Eccles' research, should we be surprised that technology classes and technical careers that have their foundations in math and science are less appealing to girls? Overcoming Barriers Whether planning projects for a high school technology class, a collegiate introduction to engineering lab, or a middle school after-school program, there are simple approaches that will make the program more appealing to a young woman and help ensure her success. …


Microwave resonance therapy (MRT) used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus and its complications has been shown to provide positive clinical effects. Using the MRT has made it possible to achieve the following: to reduce the blood sugar level, improve blood supply in the lower extremities for angiopathy cases, improve the locomotor system fitness and the overall patients' condition. The MRT has been successfully used for treating diabetes mellitus of various types and severities irrespective of the state of carbohydrate metabolism compensation. Among the principal positive effects of the treatment are the relief of dysmetabolic syndrome and dysfunctions of vascular and other systems, which results in the overall improvement in the patients' life quality.


Automatic control system for resonant tuning of a mechanical system with two unbalanced exciters driven by AC motors is discussed in the paper. Proposed control system is based on measurements of phase shift between oscillations of the mechanical system and exciting force unlike other control systems based on amplitudes measurements. Efficiency and high performance of described control system is provided by the usage of so-called "dynamic portrait", which is a relation between supply frequency of the motors, phase shift and eigenfrequency of the system. Theoretical study is complemented by experimental results. Experimental results proved the efficiency of the algorithm. Advantages and limitations of the proposed algorithm are discussed.


The precise simulation of the preparation, control, and readout of a single-hole spin is investigated via hierarchical equations of motion(HEOM) approach. By ionization of a resonantly excited electron-hole pair and tunneling the conduction level electrons into electrodes, a single-hole spin qubit is initialized. SU(2) control is achieved via the combination of Larmor procession of the hole spin in Voigt geometry magnetic field and rotation about the optical axis with a geometric phase induced by a picosecond laser pulse. Read-out of the qubit is implemented through photocurrent. We compared the whole simulation process with experiments, demonstrate the optimal of fidelity due to broadening effect.


The paper presents data from experimental studies o n combustion of mixtures of methane and biogas and sy gas in the swirl burner. The swirl of the stream of mixtur e of air and gas in the burner was generated by a s wirler with helical/ blades. The study was focused on the impact of mola r fraction of carbon dioxide (for biogas) and hydro gen (for syngas) on flame stability and emissions of noxious compounds during combustion. The results, both ex perimental and numerical, show that a low content of carbon di xi e in methaneair mixture leads to better flame stability through an increase of the volume of the recirculation zone . It also leads to the lowering of emission of nitr ic oxides caused in the first place by the lowering of the bulk tempera tu e of flame. Co-burning of natural gas with synga s containing hydrogen results in a considerable increase in flam e stability due to a strong increase in velocity of flame propagation in laminar flow. However, when a limit of molar fra ction of hydrogen is passed, it leads to flashback. Introduction Energy policy of the EU [1] and Poland [2] emphasizes the use of renewable energy. Special emphasis is placed on the use of biogas and other g ases from biomass gasification. Increasing the share of biomass in overall energy consumption is especially important in Poland, where 90 % of energy generatio n is based on fossil fuels (coal and lignite). One way t o raise this share is through using biogas or syngas as fue l . Biogas has two main components CO 2 and CH4. The specific content of the fuel depends on the place a nd method of its extraction and can range from 50 – 7 5% CH4 and 2550 % CO2 [3]. Additionally, biogas contains small amounts of nitrogen and oxygen and trace amou nts of hydrogen sulphide, ammonia and hydrogen. Synthes is gas is formed in the process of gasification of coa l, biomass or waste hydrocarbon fractions. The main flammable components of syngas are hydrogen and carbon monoxide, with their molar fractions strongl y dependent on the kind of gasifier feed, time and temperature of the process. The process of biogas a nd syngas combustion for energy generation industry is a very complex one because of changes in gas composit ion during its production [3]. The gas can be used dire ctly in cogeneration installations based on gas engines or can be burnt in boiler units. The process of stabilization of the composition of biogas-based fuel can be completed b y mixing it with natural gas. This makes it possible to maintain stable operating parameters for energy generating units. Polish law [4] allows to pump bio gas obtained from processing of farm waste into the pip eline system for natural gas. Hence the need to examine t he effect of specific components of biogas and syngas on the combustion process. The authors have mostly concentrated on the process of co-combustion of biogas and syngas with natural gas in strong swirl flow. Flame stabilization by produc ing a strong swirl is the most common method of assuring flame stability in gas turbines [5]. Due to their molar fraction, fuels like biogas or syngas differ as to various physical parameters describing the combustion process, such as adiabati c combustion temperature T a , or laminar speed of combustion SL. The numerical value S L for pure methane is about 42 cm/s (p=1bar, T sub=300) [6] and Ta is about 2230K. For the same conditions of combust ion of syngas with chemical composition as given in Tab le 1 the value of SL = 52 cm/s and T a = 2360 [7] . Different values of the adiabatic temperature of combustion a nd of laminar combustion speed have some direct effect on flame stability described by such phenomena as flam eout or flasback [8] and also on the volume of emissions f toxic compounds and pollutants sent into the atmosp here. Nomenclature c – bulk velocity csyn – bulk velocity for syngas Sswirl number λ – excess of air φ – equivalence ratio Tsub – substrates temperature T – temperature r – radius uvelocity p – pressure in the combustion chamber Ta– adiabatic flame temperature SL – laminar flame speed [cm/s] LHV – Low Heating Value


A dynamical model and a control architecture are developed for the closed chain motion of two N-joint manipulators holding a rigid object in a three-dimensional workspace. Dynamic and kinematic constraints are determined and combined with the equations of motion of the manipulators to obtain a dynamical model of the entire system in the joint space. Reduced order equations of motion and a functional relation for the generalized contact forces are derived. The problem of solving the reduced order model for the forward and inverse dynamics is discussed. Control laws are determined for the reduced order model so as to decouple the force and position (velocity) controlled degrees of freedom (DOF). A simulation example is presented to illustrate the approach.


We propose a textual dialogue speaker clus001 tering model, which groups the utterances of 002 a multi-party dialogue without speaker anno003 tations, so that the real speakers are identical 004 inside each cluster. We find that, even without 005 knowing the speakers, the interactions between 006 utterances are still implied in the text. Such in007 teractions suggest the correlations of the speak008 ers. In this work, we model the semantic con009 tent of an utterance with a pre-trained language 010 model, and the correlations of speakers with an 011 utterance-level pairwise matrix. The semantic 012 content representation can be further enhanced 013 by additional cross-corpus supervised dialogue 014 act modeling. The speaker labels are finally 015 generated by spectral clustering. Experiment 016 shows that our model outperforms the sequence 017 classification baseline, and benefits from the 018 set-specific dialogue act classification auxiliary 019 task. We also discuss the detail of correlation 020 modeling and step-wise training process. 021


Abstract According to major Latin dictionaries, the word radius is attested as a terminus technicus for the geometrical concept 'radius' in Cicero's Timaeus 17. In this study, however, it is argued that there is good reason to believe that Cicero did not use the word in this sense, but in a metaphorical expression in which radius mainly carries the well-attested sense of 'rod (for drawing diagrams, etc.)': paribus radiis attingi literally = 'to be touched by equal rods', that is to say, 'to be equidistant'. The first and only convincing attestation of radius in the sense of 'radius (of a circle, sphere, etc.)' in ancient Latin literature is found in Calcidius' Commentaryon the Timaeus 59. It is suggested that Calcidius was influenced by Cicero's translation and consequently adopted the word radius; however, its technical sense of 'radius' was coined, deliberately or not, by Calcidius himself. As there are no other convincing attestations of this sense of the word in ancient Latin, not even in geometrical texts, it is suggested that the word radius never became a commonly accepted terminus technicus for radius in antiquity.


The product of the ink jet recording paper containing precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) and the precipitated calcium carbonate and their preparation are disclosed. Precipitated calcium carbonate is dehydrated and is milled in the presence of amphoteric and / or anionic dispersants, high solids PCC composition is prepared. When used in the coating formulation, surface morphology to enhance the printability of the ink jet paper (morphology) and the chemical properties, the PCC has. Jet recording paper containing the PCC of the present invention teachings, feathering and diffusion, as well as improved optical density of reduced ink drying time, and a water-resistant. .BACKGROUND


Tryptophan catabolites pathway disorders are observed in patients with depression. Moreover, single nucleotide polymorphisms of tryptophan hydroxylase genes may modulate the risk of depression occurrence. The objective of our study was to confirm the association between the presence of polymorphic variants of TPH1 and TPH2 genes, and the development of depressive disorders. Six polymorphisms were selected: c.804‐7C>A (rs10488682), c.‐1668T>A (rs623580), c.803+221C>A (rs1800532), c.‐173A>T (rs1799913)—TPH1, c.‐1449C>A (rs7963803), and c.‐844G>T (rs4570625)—TPH2. A total of 510 DNA samples (230 controls and 280 patients) were genotyped using TaqMan probes. Among the studied polymoorphisms, the G/G genotype and G allele of c.804‐7C>A—TPH1, the T/T homozygote of c.803+221C>A—TPH1, the A/A genotype and A allele of c.1668T>A—TPH1, the G/G homozygote and G allele of c.‐844G>T—TPH2, and the C/A heterozygote and A allele of c.‐1449C>A—TPH2 were associated with the occurrence of depression. However, the T/T homozygote of c.‐1668T>A—TPH1, the G/T heterozygote and T allele of c.‐844G>T—TPH2, and the C/C homozygote and C allele of c.‐1449C>A—TPH2 decreased the risk of development of depressive disorders. Each of the studied polymorphisms modulated the risk of depression for selected genotypes and alleles. These results support the hypothesis regarding the involvement of the pathway in the pathogenesis of depression.


This study aimed at creating regression equations capable of predicting gestational age and birth weight, based on parameters of fetal measurement. Was examined 164 fetuses, being 66 Dorper (27 males; 39 females), 64 Morada Nova (8 males; 56 females), and 34 Damara (14 males; 20 females), on gestation days 30 and 45. Was measured the parameters crown-rump length (CCC), area of the fetus (AF), perimeter of the fetus (FP) and volume of the fetus (VF); area of the embryo vesicle (AV), perimeter of the embryo vesicle (PV) and volume of the embryo vesicle (VV). Gestational age was correlated (P < 0.05) with fetal and vesicle measurements. The fetal determination coefficient was always higher than the embryo vesicle coefficient, especially regarding the crown-rump length, which was more reliable. Based on the evaluated correlations, we generated multiple regression equations for each breed, which allowed us to estimate the date of delivery after each fetal and vesicle measurement carried out on the 30 th and 45 th day of pregnancy. We also created multiple regression equations for each breed, to estimate gestational age according to variables of the fetuses and of the embryo vesicle. Correlations used to estimate birth weight, were low or negative for days 30 and 45 of pregnancy. Based on the results herein reported we conclude that ultrasound associated with specific linear regression equations, can be used to determine the gestational age of ewes.


This paper presents the development of a 3-Dimensional (3D) game highlighting the Ancient Malay culture and history for learning purposes for school children. Many popular digital games feature historical context and aspects. Hikayat Hang Tuah is based on real characters from the Malay Annals. Hang Tuah was a Malaccan royal court warrior during the reign of Sultan Mansur Shah in the 15th century; now embodies the ideal Malay subject and is a symbol of Malay nationalism to this very day. However, the most current generation of students is hardly aware of the history of Hang Tuah and have a lack of interest in learning history because they do not favor learning history from written and lengthy texts. This paper presents a qualitative approach that examines how pupils view history. Such impetuses correspond with the fourth target of the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), which to provide quality education by ensuring inclusive and equitable quality education for all. To increase school kids' interest in studying history, this paper also includes a 3D game that incorporates Malay history. In addition to providing entertainment, it is intended that this 3D game will serve as a platform for learning about the history of the state of Melaka under Sultan Mansur Shah.


Dictymal, a congener of epoxydictymene isolated from a brown alga, Dictyota dichotoma has been totally synthesized via a lactol-regulated oxy-Cope rearrangement of an appropriately designed dimer obtained from two C10-synthons (iridoids).


This paper reviews about the molecules that have been found in human breath whose biochemical pathways are known or whose biochemical pathways can be postulated and have been shown to be useful clinically.


The burst of scandals in the fields of philanthropy shows that China is in urgent need of laws that will standardize and guide the development of Chinese philanthropy.In addition to borrowing from Western patterns of supervision,we urge that legislations should formulate a supervisory system which establishes supervision from three aspects,namely,the donator,the public,and the philanthropic organizations themselves.


This study discusses the values Tauhidullah as a base in the training process of life skills can be developed in the community to build the character of the nation, by describing and simultaneously evaluate the education and training system that we've experienced. The paper argues that builds the character of the nation through education Tauhidullah values need to be placed in the background of conflicts over access to economic resources and political. Keywords : Life Skills, Character, Values Education Tauhidullah


S T E P H A N I E L . S H A W , * , † F R A N K M . M I T L O E H N E R , ‡ W E N D I J A C K S O N , ‡ E D W A R D J . D E P E T E R S , ‡ J A M E S G . F A D E L , ‡ P E T E R H . R O B I N S O N , ‡ R U P E R T H O L Z I N G E R , † , § A N D A L L E N H . G O L D S T E I N † Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, Hilgard Hall, Berkeley, California 94720, and Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616


The COVID-19 pandemic has been marked by a controversy in the United States over the public health benefits of mask-wearing, especially on social media. Many have contested the scientific consensus that masks are an effective method to prevent and slow the spread of COVID-19 infections, often along explicitly political lines. Here, we investigate specifically how Twitter users engaging in arguments about mask-wearing invoke scientific principles to argue against masks. We further analyze the sources that these users cite to support their claims. Using a qualitative approach drawing from constructivist grounded theory, we show how these users work to defend the legitimacy of their claims and their external sources by selectively exploiting rhetorical values of scientific endeavour. We analogize their work to the process of scientific boundary-work, in which actors consciously manipulate the boundary between science and not-science for personal and political gain.


Higher order thinking skills (HOT) emerged as the focus of student development across the primary to post-secondary levels since the publication of the Malaysian Education Blueprint (2013-2025). This blueprint outlines the need for thinking skills encompassing creativity, innovation, critical thinking, and logical reasoning for students to adapt within the ever-changing technological landscape of the new millennia (Ministry of Education, 2013). Despite MOE's effort to implement PT3 (Form 3 Assessment) and HOTS questions in national school-leaving examinations, it apparently failed to accurately measure the levels of HOTS independent of content knowledge among Malaysian students. This study, therefore, was conceived to address the need for a more valid and reliable measurement of HOTS contextualized in a Malaysian setting. This theoretical paper is an attempt to set a framework by which HOTS' underlying measurement is anchored on. Based on a review of literature, operational definitions of the constructs on critical thinking, problem-solving, and creativity were derived. Three types of measures were developed, namely: (a) syllogisms, (b) situational judgment test (SJT), and (c) creativity. Thirty (30) syllogisms items to measure critical thinking, while 50 items of situational judgment tests to measure problem-solving were generated. The creativity test is adapted from an existing measure. Translated into Bahasa Malaysia, the first two tests are currently undergoing expert review prior to pilot-testing. These tests will be standardized using modern Item Response Theory (IRT) techniques, like Rasch modeling. The essential steps moving towards the full development of the HOTS assessment toolkit for the millennials in Malaysia are further discussed.


Cass ava starch h as potential as raw material for production glucose and fructose in Indonesia . Glucose of cassava starch can be used as substitute of cane sugar and synthetic s weetener . G lucose of starch production process include s acid hydrolysis and enzymatic hydrolysis. Enzymatic hydrolysis is usually used because no n- corrosive, low reaction temperatures and no contaminate product of hydrolysis. Therefore, the purpose of  this paper is to provide existing knowledge of steps process, factors influencing, kind of enzyme and sugar product from enzymatic hydrolisis of cassava starch .


This study aims to enhance our understanding of gender and employment in China. Analysing data collected from over 1,800 employees at 22 foreign-invested and locally owned retail stores in eight Chinese cities, it firstly explores whether, like their counterparts in Western countries, female employees have higher levels of job satisfaction than their male colleagues. Secondly, it distinguishes the key differential predictors of female and male employees' job satisfaction levels. This article extends gender role theory on job satisfaction by showing how traditional values, the structure of work and a nation's dominant gender ideology combine to shape women and men's job satisfaction and work experiences in a transitional context.


Pale blue powders of NaZnVOPO4(HPO4) were prepared in quantitative yield from hydrothermal treatments. The structure of NaZnVOPO4(HPO4) was solved from single crystal X-ray diffraction data in the centrosymmetric monoclinic space group P21/c
(no. 14), a = 8.5441(2) A, b = 8.9831(2) A, c = 9.0836(2) A, β = 91.241(1)°, Z = 4 (R1(Fo) = 0.026, wR2(Fo2) = 0.068). The structure results from the hetero-condensation of distorted octahedra VO6 with tetrahedra HxPO4
and ZnO4 by sharing apices and edges. The remaining voids of the 3D framework [ZnVOPO4(HPO4)]− located in tunnels that run along [011] are occupied by sodium ions. The title compound dehydrates at T ∼ 770 K with an overall weight loss of ∼2.3% consistent with the structural results. The crystal chemical relationships with Na3VOPO4(HPO4) and the high-temperature phase SrZnVO(PO4)2 are discussed.


In the Hebrew preserved in the ancient and medieval manuscripts of the Wisdom of Ben Sira, one rarely finds any features typically associated with archaic Hebrew poetry. There are no examples of enclitic endings (mem, hiriqyodh, or holem-waw), no examples of the 3mp suffix ומ-. There are no examples of the prepositions in their expanded forms (ילִאֱ, ינִּמִ / ינֵּמִ, ידֵעֲ, ילֵעֲ), even though these seem somewhat common in biblical poetry generally and even though these also appear among the Dead Sea Scrolls (= DSS).1 The short jussive forms that appear occasionally in non-modal contexts in Ben Sira are best construed not as preterites, but as mistakes by the ancient writer(s) or scribes who intended to convey a future or imperfect nuance.2 Other features connected with archaic poetry which do occur in Ben Sira are really features particular to a more contemporary Hebrew dialect, like the 2ms suffix -åk (< -āk) (ךדָואמ Sir 7:30 Ms A) and the -ש relative pronoun, both of which are common in Rabbinic Hebrew (= RH), as well as other (sub)-dialects of Hebrew (like that reflected in 4QMMT [4Q394–399] and that of the Hexapla).3


It is studied the electrode regulator system of electronic arc furnace (EAF), provided a piecewise-linear (PWL) model-reference self-adaptive control algorithm, constructed a digital control system, achieved the best control parameters using the Genetic Algorithm(GA), and simulated the digital control system with Matlab Simulink. Compared with the traditional PID electrode regulator system of EAF, the simulating results show the advantage of self-adaptive control system.


Background COVID-19 pandemic reached a public health emergency status of international concern. The impacts and events associated with this were associated with adverse psychological impacts among the general public globally. This cross sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence of psychological distress and to identify predictors associated with psychological distress due to the COVID-19 pandemic among the population in Myanmar. Design and methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted from March to April 2020 among adults, 18 years old and above, who reside in Myanmar through a structured questionnaire distributed in social media platforms. Univariate and bivariate analyses were used to estimate the prevalence of COVID-19 Peritraumatic Distress Index (CPDI) symptoms and to test the associations between CPDI and the exposure variables. Logistic Regression Analysis was done to identify significant predictors of distress. The statistical analysis used was Chi-square test and Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis. Results There were 530 participants in this study.37.4% of them did not have psychological distress, 55.6% experienced mild to moderate psychological distress, and 7% experienced severe psychological distress due to COVID-19 pandemic. Simple and Multiple Logistic Regression Analyses were performed to determine the factors associated with psychological distress due to COVID-19. Conclusions It was shown that the self-employed group and age group older than 45 years old had more psychological distress than others. However, Buddhists and people from the capital city had less distress than other religions and districts. This study recommends the government to develop better strategies for self-employed groups, elders, and the poor for a support, relief, and resettlement of their ruined status.


Correspondence: Vincent C Onuora Department of Surgery, ISTH, PMB 0008, Irrua, Edo State, Nigeria Email firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract: Scrotoschisis is an uncommon congenital anomaly in which the testis descends to an extracorporeal position through a defect in the scrotum. Bilateral scrotoschisis is extremely rare. We present a case of a 16-hour old neonate who was referred to our center with both testes protruding through a defect in the left hemiscrotum.


In recent years,a number of direction-finding algorithms for noncircular signals are proposed.The asymptotic performance and Cramer-Rao Bound(CRB) have been analyzed in the literatures.However,the robustness of these algorithms with modeling errors is out of range of the published papers.In this paper,the MUSIC algorithm for noncircular signals is introduced.The closed-form expression of mean square error is obtained from the first-order perturbation expansion of the spatial spectrum function.The simulation results validate our analysis.The robustness to the angular separation and the noncircularity phase with modeling errors is analyzed by virtue of the analytical results.


Radiological characterization of tuff of Ciglio area in Ischia Island was performed to assess the potential radiological hazard associated with its use. For this purpose, high resolution gamma-ray spectroscopy was used. In five green tuff samples was measured the activity concentration of natural gamma-ray emitting radionuclides 226Ra, 232Th and 40K so, the mean gamma index was calculated. The mean value of the gamma index resulted lower than the reference level and it meets the dose criterion for the safety use of green tuff as building material.


Lithium borohydride has a high reversible hydrogen storage capacity. For its practical use as an onboard hydrogen storage medium in mobile applications, the temperature and pressure conditions along with the kinetics of the hydrogenation/dehydrogenation cycles have to be improved. Lithium borohydride can be modified by ball-milling with Aland/or Ti-containing compounds. In this study, lithium alanate (LiAlH4), is used as an Al source. From careful examination of the ball-milled samples, it appears that LiBH4 remains unchanged during milling. The samples contain ∼100 nm diameter Al and/or Al-Ti solid solution (ss) crystallites. When used alone, Ti has a limited effect whereas Al is shown to be active, lowering the temperature of decomposition and increasing the desorption rate and reversibility at moderate temperature and pressure (85 bar, 350 °C). During cycling, AlB2 is formed in the dehydrogenated state and disappears in the hydrogenated state; its formation increases the stability of the products and thus results in a lower desorption temperature. The Al-Ti (ss) also allows a slow release of hydrogen at very low temperatures (200 °C).


We consider minimizing a sum of agent-specific nondifferentiable merely convex functions over the solution set of a variational inequality (VI) problem in that each agent is associated with a local monotone mapping. This problem finds an application in computation of the best equilibrium in nonlinear complementarity problems arising in transportation networks. We develop an iteratively regularized incremental gradient method where at each iteration, agents communicate over a cycle graph to update their solution iterates using their local information about the objective and the mapping. The proposed method is single-timescale in the sense that it does not involve any excessive hard-to-project computation per iteration. We derive non-asymptotic agent-wise convergence rates for the suboptimality of the global objective function and infeasibility of the VI constraints measured by a suitably defined dual gap function. The proposed method appears to be the first fully iterative scheme equipped with iteration complexity that can address distributed optimization problems with VI constraints over cycle graphs. Preliminary numerical experiments for a transportation network problem and a support vector machine model are presented.


One challenge that faces hydrologists in water resources planning is to predict the catchment's response to a given rainfall. Estimation of parameter uncertainty (and model uncertainty) allows assessment of the risk in likely applications of hydrological models. Bayesian statistical inference provides an ideal means of assessing parameter uncertainty, whereby prior knowledge about the parameter is combined with information from the available data to produce a probability distribution (the posterior distribution) that describes uncertainty about the parameter and serves as a basis for selecting appropriate values for use in modeling applications. Widespread use of Bayesian techniques in hydrology has been hindered by difficulties in summarizing and exploring the posterior distribution. These difficulties have been largely overcome by recent advances in Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods that involve Monte Carlo sampling of the posterior distribution. This study compares four MCMC sampling algorithms in the context of rainfall‐runoff modeling. The algorithms compared include a conventional Metropolis‐Hastings algorithm used previously in hydrological applications which uses a combination of block and single‐site updating and an adaptive Metropolis algorithm that has characteristics that are well suited to model parameters with a high degree of correlation and interdependence, as is often evident in hydrological models. In addition to these, two other algorithms are evaluated to clarify the relative importance of updating all model parameters as a block versus updating each parameter one at a time. The MCMC techniques are compared for simplicity, ease of use, statistical efficiency in exploration of the parameter space, and speed of implementation, using 11 years of daily rainfall‐runoff data from the Bass river catchment in Australia. The results show that the adaptive Metropolis algorithm is superior in many respects and can offer a relatively simple basis for assessing parameter uncertainty in hydrological modeling studies and that the efficiency of the adaptive algorithm is not solely attributed to the block‐updating element of the algorithm.


The simulation for near Earth space atmosphere environment is the key technology for constructing simulation system involves land,sea,sky and outer space,which plays an important role in human beings sky and space flight simulation and weapon equipment experiment.Particle systems,image rendering technology were used to realize the Earth's outer atmosphere,sky background,Cloud,rain and snow simplify modeling and visualization.Shading language was used to achieve a smooth transition of the layers of the atmosphere landscape,when viewpoint translating from space to the ground surface,and unified modeling of the atmospheric environment and continuous display problems were solved.


chest, abdomen and pelvis, were negative for metastatic spread. The patient was evaluated by a surgeon, who judged the disease to be quite extensive, extending beyond the usual mastectomy borders. After discussion at the multidisciplinary Tumour Board, it was decided that a trial of ''neoadjuvant'' gemcitabinetaxane chemotherapy may help in reducing the extent of disease. The patient was placed on a six-cycle gemcitabine-taxane chemotherapy regimen. On day one, gemcitabine 675 mg ⁄ m (patient dose of 1083 mg) was given, while both docetaxel 100 mg ⁄ m (patient dose of 160 mg) and gemcitabine 675 mg ⁄ m were given on day eight. Dramatic improvement was seen after two cycles, with diminution of skin discoloration, skin thickening and papule appearance. After four cycles, MRI revealed a near-complete resolution of the areas of asymmetric enhancement in the breast as well as marked improvement of skin thickening and enhancement (Fig. 2b). Clinically, the involvement beyond the mastectomy borders had resolved, making the patient eligible for resection with intent to achieve wide negative margins (Fig. 1b). The patient had a simple mastectomy extending beyond the usual mastectomy borders and coverage with split-thickness skin graft 4 weeks after her last cycle of chemotherapy. Grossly, there was a 2–5 cm margin around the skin papules. Histologically, there was extensive periductal fibrosis, dermal scarring, and hemosiderin deposition consistent with effects of chemotherapy upon the breast and skin. There was no evidence of residual disease, neither carcinoma nor angiosarcoma, in the skin or the breast. Radiation-induced angiosarcoma is a rare but wellknown sequela of breast conserving surgery that is often advanced on presentation due to a delayed diagnosis. Survival is poor and systemic therapy options have traditionally been ineffective and limited. We report the first case of a locally advanced radiationinduced angiosarcoma of the breast that not only facilitated complete surgical resection, but also showed dramatic complete radiologic and pathologic resolution after neoadjuvant gemcitabine-docetaxel chemotherapy.


Objectives: Lung ultrasound can reliably diagnose pulmonary atelectasis. The object of this study is to determine the most efficient region to assess changes in atelectasis in children with congenital heart disease under general anesthesia. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Setting: Operating room at university-affiliated children's hospital. Patients: Children between 3 months and 3 years old, scheduled for elective congenital heart disease surgery under general anesthesia. Interventions: Forty children with congenital heart disease were randomly allocated to either a 5 cm H2O positive end-expiratory pressure group or a standard therapy control group. Measurements and Main Results: Preoperative lung ultrasound was performed twice in each patient—after 1 and 15 minutes of mechanical ventilation. Atelectatic areas and B-lines were compared between two examinations. Different ultrasound regions were evaluated using Bland-Altman plots. The occurrence rate of atelectasis was much higher in inferoposterior lung regions (Scans 4–6) than in anterior and lateral regions (Scans 1–3). The median (interquartile range) lung ultrasound scores were lower in the positive end-expiratory pressure group than in the control group after treatment: 8 (3.3–9.8) versus 13 (8.3–17.5; p < 0.001). The atelectatic area was significantly decreased after treatment in the positive end-expiratory pressure group: 128 mm2 (34.5.5–213.3 mm2) versus 49.5 mm2 (5.3–75.5 mm2; p < 0.001). Bland-Altman plots revealed concordance between measurements in Scans 1–6 and those in Scans 4–6. In the posterior axillary line regions, changes in atelectatic area were significantly larger in the positive end-expiratory pressure group than in the control group (p = 0.03, 0.007, and 0.018). Conclusions: Lung ultrasound in inferoposterior lung regions may be more likely to reflect changes in atelectasis and save examination time; 5 cm H2O positive end-expiratory pressure may be useful in lung reaeration and can reduce, but not eliminate, atelectasis in children with congenital heart disease.


Background: Congenital hypothyroidism is a leading cause of mental retardation all over the globe as well as in India. To avoid such kind of morbidity, it is always better to perform a screening for cord blood TSH of all the neonates at least at the time of birth. So, this study was done to assess the cord blood TSH levels in neonates. Aim & Objectives: To assess cord blood TSH and subsequently serum TSH and fT4 levels in neonates. Materials and Methods: The present institution based cross sectional study was performed from January, 2019 to June, 2020 on 500 neonates in the Department of Biochemistry, COM&SDH, and Kamarhati. Cord blood TSH levels were analysed in all neonates and then subsequently serum TSH & fT4 were analysed in neonates having higher CBTSH levels and then those obtained data were analysed. Results: Total 500 children participated in this study among which 294(58.8%) were male. Out of 500, 309 (61.8%) children were from urban area and others from rural area. In urban children Muslims were majority (52.43%) where in case of rural children it was opposite i.e. 56.02% Hindu. 68.2 % children belonged from birth weight of 2.5-2.99 kg and 29.4% of children were from low birth weight group. Only 1.4 % children had TSH level more than 30 μIU/mL and 11.2% had TSH levels between 20.1-30.0 μIU/mL. 1.79% and 1.08% of infants of primi and multi gravid mothers had TSH level more than 30 μIU/mL respectively. In the present study, 1.27% and 1.87% had more CBTSH levels in normal delivery and caesarean sections respectively. Out of 156 neonates, having CBTSH values were more than10 μIU/mL, only 4 had increased serum TSH levels and decreased fT4 levels on day 3 and had confirmed congenital hypothyroidism. The incidence of congenital hypothyroidism was 0.8%. Conclusion: The incidence of congenital hypothyroidism in the present study is slightly higher. So, strictly assessment should be carried out to prevent further morbidity.


As most of the closed school facilities have a well-preserved natural environment around them, it is
possible to make the utmost use of the natural environment and to minimize the consumption of
resources and energy through reusing most of the existing facilities.
This study aims to propose a scheme of reusing the closed school facilities in rural areas as a
environment-friendly housing complex.
This study presents, a model for the sustainable development which is able to improve the quality of
life of the aged. The model is based on the environmental-friendly planning strategies which
considers energy saving and environmental preservation, as top priorities.


The objective was to assess anxiety and burnout levels, home life changes, and measures to relieve stress of U.S. academic emergency medicine (EM) physicians during the COVID‐19 pandemic acceleration phase.


This paper discussed the ecoengineering construction about tackling the desert problem of the semidesert region in a comprehensive way in respect to its benefits from resources utilization, economic returns, environmental effects and social influences. On the base of analysis, comprehensively evaluated the four kinds of effects and comprehensive benefits of the engineering by applying comprehensive evaluation method, established gray model and appraised the continuing benefits of the engineering. The result was ideal.


Individual 802.15.4 beacon enabled clusters can be interconnected in a master-slave manner where the bridging function is performed by the cluster coordinator of one of the clusters. The bridge can deliver its data to the sink by using the CSMA-CA access just like an ordinary node, or through dedicated GTS access. We compare the performance of the two mechanisms and investigate the impact of bridge residence time on performance. Distinct regions can be identified in which either of the access mechanisms performs better, but in either case, best performance is obtained when the bridge residence time in the sink cluster is as short as possible.


A strain of endophytic bacterium named DUT was isolated from the root of Vaccinium uliginosum,and it inhibited effectively the growth of the 12 pathogens with a good anti-fungal ability.Among the 12 fungal pathogens,the inhibition percentage to Colletotrichum lindemuthianum was 70.5%.The leaf spot pathogens Pestalotiopsis sp.and Cylindrocladium colhounii were also inhibited by DUT,of which the inhibition percentage was 68.6% and 57.7%,respectively.It was identified as Serratia marcescens by the 16S rDNA sequence homology and its physiological and biochemical characteristics.The research result shows that strain DUT reached logarithmic growth phase after 8 hours,and its optimal growing condition was at pH 7 and 28-30 ℃.Strain DUT marked with double-antibiotics could colonize successfully in Vaccinium spp.Meanwhile,strain DUT can produce chitinase and the activity of this crude-enzyme extracts was 20.11 U·mL-1 after 36 hours of fermentation.


Investigations on integration of optoelectronic components with LTCC (low temperature co-fired ceramics) micro fluidic module are presented. Design, fabrication and characterization of the ceramic structure for optical absorbance is described as well. The geometry of the microfluidic channels has been designed according to results of the CFD (computational fluid dynamics) analysis. A fabricated LTCC-based microfluidic module consists of an U-shaped microchannel, two optical fibers and integrated light source (light emitting diode) and photodetector (light-to-voltage converter). Properties of the fabricated microfluidic system have been investigated experimentally. Several concentrations of potassium permanganate (KMnO4) in water were used for absorbance/transmittance measurements. The test has shown a linear detection range for various concentrations of heavy metal ions in distilled water. The fabricated microfluidic structure is found to be a very useful system in chemical analysis.


Review(s) of: How East Asians View Democracy, by Yun-Han Chu, Larry Diamond, Andrew J. Nathan, and Doh Chul Shin (eds), New York, Columbia University Press, 2008, xv + 309 pp. Includes footnotes.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to establish a scientific understanding for electrochemical infiltration of laser sintered (LS) preforms.Design/methodology/approach – Electrochemical deposition techniques were modified to induce infiltration of nickel ions inside porous LS structures with deposition on pore walls.Findings – This novel process is feasible and has the potential to produce fully dense parts. Both conductive and non‐conductive preforms can be infiltrated by this method.Research limitations/implications – Removal of trapped fluids and gases inside the porous structure is one of the major challenges in the described electrochemical infiltration process.Practical implications – This work enables low‐cost production of structural parts. It expands the application base for additive manufacturing, especially laser sintering technology.Social implications – The novel process carried out in this research is energy efficient when compared to state‐of‐the‐art vacuum‐melt infiltration.Originality...


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate T2 relaxation values (T2RVs) of knee joint cartilage after double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (DB-ACLR) in a 6-month follow-up and to correlate changes between T2RVs with meniscal status and clinical findings.

METHODS
27 patients who underwent DB-ACLR and MRI before and 6 months after surgery, and 27 control subjects were enrolled. We compared T2RVs of the control vs pre-operative MR and pre-operative vs post-operative MR using 28 subcompartments, including superficial and deep layers. Correlations between T2RV changes with meniscal status and clinical data were examined.

RESULTS
The pre-operative T2RV was significantly higher than that of the control group in the medial tibia (posterior-superficial), posterior medial femur (superficial) and posterior lateral femur (superficial and deep). The post-operative T2RV was significantly higher than that of pre-operative T2RV in the posterior medial femur (superficial), medial tibia (anterior-deep and central-deep), lateral femur (anterior-deep, anterior-superficial and central-superficial) and posterior medial femur (deep). Moderate positive correlations between pre-operative and post-operative T2RV changes were found at the posterior medial femur (interval between injury and MR examination, and instability) and posterior lateral femur (Lysholm score).

CONCLUSION
Patients with anterior cruciate ligament injury followed by DB-ACLR presented short-term subcompartment T2RV changes at the medial femur, lateral femur and medial tibia. Meniscal status did not affect T2RV; however, clinical findings influenced T2RV at the posterior grooves of the medial and lateral femoral condyles.

ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE
Patients submitted to DB-ACLR presented T2RV changes in both femoral and medial tibial condyles 6 months after the surgery, affecting not just the weight-bearing areas, but also the less-weight-bearing areas.


The rate of fruit growth in 'Shahi' litchi was very slow upto the first 2 weeks after anthesis. During this period pericarp and seed grew together coherently. The seed grew rapidly upto 6th week and ceased to grow further after 7th week. The rate of peel enlargement was also remarkably slowed down by this period. Aril growth initiated towards the end of 5th week and continued till maturity. Upto 4th week length/diameter (L/D) ratio remained constant maintaining the length twice of the diameter but thereafter this decreased gradually and reached to a level of 1.25. The spatial shape factor (Sf) calculated from the volume ratios of the sampled fruit and its circumferential cylinder was examined for its use in calculating the fruit weight by simple length and diameter measurements. A Sf constant 0.6 could be utilized for fairly good estimation of fruit weight after 6th week stage. Yield was positively related to fruit number (r = 0.891, significant P = 0.01) in the two litchi orchards studied for the purpose, but average fruit weight was negatively related to fruit number/bunch (r = −0.6105) and yield/100 cm3 of trunk cross-sectional area (r = −0.753). Linear functions were derived to describe and discuss these relationships.


In the development of the second Punic war is documented the existence of three great african kingdoms. the numidians of masaesyles, with syphax as leader, which was undoubtedly the most extensive and powerful. However, it turned out to be defeated by the masyles numidia, headed by masinissa. the roman victory over carthage was also associated with the fight between the two numidias. in this paper we study the data known about the reign of syphax: the problematic origins of the kingdom, its territorial extension, the coins minted by king, as well as the historical evolution of the reign of syphax.


Many disciplines are currently exploring ways to either initiate or improve the engagement of their students in work integrated learning (WIL). The disciplines of Construction Management (Con Mgt) and Nursing are no exception and have collaborated in an Australian Learning and Teaching Council (ALTC) research grant entitled 'Facilitating work integrated learning through skills-enabled e-Portfolios (electronic portfolio platforms were reviewed as part of the project as a potential tool to support and document WIL experiences, these platforms are not reviewed in this paper) in the Con Mgt and Nursing disciplines' led by The University of Newcastle, Australia. In both of these disciplines, employers expect students to be 'work ready' on graduation. Nevertheless, students often question the relationship between the theoretical concepts they are taught at university and their experiences of the 'real world'. This paper investigates this issue, the nature of student engagement of theory whilst on placement, and offers a possible solution through reflexive practise. To do this, the paper briefly describes the ALTC research project and discusses findings from the quantitative and qualitative data gathered from the competency statements of accreditation professional institutions, focus groups and an on-line survey. Initially, it aligns the competencies Con Mgt and Nursing students garner during their placements and then proposes a reflection framework as a means of closing the gap between theory and practise. This framework offers an example of how students could reflect on their level of competence through reflective questions. The paper then explores students' own views on their placement experiences, such as methods of integrating practise and students' feelings of preparedness to enter their professional placement. Engineering disciplines that align with Con Mgt may find value in this study.


While certain of the faithful say that in the mystery of the body and blood of Christ, daily celebrated in the church, nothing takes place under a figure, under a veil, but it is performed with a naked manifestation of truth itself, others bear witness, however, that these elements are contained beneath the figure of a mystery, and that it is one thing which appears to the bodily sense but another which faith beholds. No small divergence is to be distinguished between them.


Mobile IP(MIP) based on IP layer offers a global mobility solution to support wireless Internet traffic.In this paper,to eliminate the triangle routing problem and minimize handoff latency,the route optimization extensions for Mobile IP(ROMIP) is complemented and the backward smooth handoff mechanism is utilized in Network Simulator(NS-2,Version: 2).Binding cache management messages(Binding Warning,BW;Binding Update,BU;Binding Request,BR;Binding Acknowledgement,BA,etc.) are introduced into the original NS-2 framework.Moreover,backward smooth handoff mechanism is used to minimize the handoff latency.The simulation results show that,compared with the standard Mobile IP protocol in ROMIP,the achieved bandwidth increases evidently while the end-to-end packet delay remains low.Owing to the implementation of smooth handoff,handoff latency is cut down more than 50%.Moreover,this method keeps transparent for hardware and convenient for software.The research provides a valuable and practical implementation method for real-time communication in Mobile IP network.


A high level of lead in the sediment will cause contamination of aquatic biota. Lead pollutants in water may be treated by an easy and common adsorption process. A combination of both environmentally friendly and renewable materials, low methoxy pectin (LMP), and guar gum as adsorbents can reduce the need of activated carbon which requires high temperatures in its synthesis process. LMP was prepared from high methoxy pectin using a demethylation process under alkaline conditions. LMP and guar gum are diluted in 1 M calcium chloride as a crosslinking agent. The degree of esterification was carried out to determine the demethylation process. Adsorption of lead was carried out with a lead concentration of 165 ppm in acidic conditions for 24 hours. Lead concentration was measured using AAS. Results show that the optimal pH for demethylation was 12. The ratio of 1:2 pectin-guar gum produces the strong beads related to more O-H bonds in guar gum that can be developed. pectin-guar gum beads can adsorb 63% of lead at pH  6 due to the development of hydro-complex metal ions under more basic conditions.


The genus Lindernia Allioni is represented by about 100 species throughout most of the tropics. A study of the South American species of the genus has been carried out. The morphological studies were supplemented by a phytochemical survey of leaf flavonoids. The genus has been divided into four sections, namely: Torenoides, Numularia, Lindernia and Brachycarpae. The phytochemical information agrees with the recognition of the four sections. Keys to the sections and to the species are provided, together with descriptions. The distribution of the genus, based on the herbarium material examined, is given.


The state of air pollution in Japan, and in particular in Nagoya, has improved since the 1960s in terms of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and carbon monoxide (CO). However, suspended particulate matter (SPM), nitrogen oxides (NOx) emitted by automobiles, and photochemical oxidants (Ox), especially ozone (O3), have become major pollution problems in urban life. Nagoya has adopted a number of measures to improve air quality, such as air pollution monitoring, regulation and guidance for industries and businesses, and measures against automobile exhaust gases. This paper reviews the air quality measures in Nagoya and develops an empirical model for evaluating urban SPM concentration in problem areas. The model presented in this study is suitable for predicting long-term average SPM concentrations and can be utilized for analyzing the effects of various traffic emission reduction strategies. In addition, this model can be utilized for new urban development as an alternative to vigorous monitoring by predicting long-term...


OBJECTIVE: To promote rational use of drugs in clinic. METHODS: The difference of chronopharmacodynamics, chronopharmacokinetics and chronotoxicity of drugs were introduced, referring to the relevant literatures, journals and practices. RESULTS: The same drug represented different efficacy and toxicity for one day due to delivery at different time. CONCLUSION: According to chronopharmacology, administration at optimal time contributes to efficacy and reduces adverse reaction.


We produce exact cubic analogues of Jacobi's celebrated theta function identity and of the arithmetic-geometric mean iteration of Gauss and Legendre. The iteration in question is $a_n+1 := a_n + 2b_n / 3$ and b_n+1 := [formula cannot be replicated]. The limit of this iteration is identified in terms of the hypergeometric function ₂F₁ (1/3, 2/3; 1 ; ·), which supports a particularly simple cubic transformation.


(76) Inventors: Robert Greenberg, Los Angeles, CA rg 9. (57) ABSTRACT (US); Mark Humayan, La Canada, CA (US) The invention is a retinal implant device to Stimulate a retina Correspondence Address: of an eye thereby producing a specific effect in an eye, Such Second Sight, LLC as vision or drug treatment of a chronic condition. The Building 3 retinal device is made of a retinal implant that is positioned 12744 San Fernando Road Subretinally and that contains a multitude of Stimulation Sites Sylmar, CA 91342 (US) that are in contact with the retina. A connection carries the Stimulating electrical signal or drug. The connection passes (21) Appl. No.: 10/393,887 transretinally through the retina and into the vitreous cavity (22) Filed: Mar. 21, 2003 of the eye, thereby minimizing damage to the nutrient-rich


RHIC-PHENIX has observed a large suppression pattern and azimuthal anisotropy of non-photonic electron at mid-rapidity (|η| < 0.35) in Au+Au collisions at . To understand these results and the interaction of heavy quarks in the hot and dense medium, experimental determination of production ratio of charm to bottom is one of the most important topics, since the behavior of bottom may differ from charm in the medium. We measured the ratio of charm to bottom and total cross section of bottom via partial reconstruction of D0→ e+ K−νe decay in p+p collisions at . Total cross sections of charm and bottom were also measured via di-electron continuum in p+p collisions at .


industry is also used to refute low chronologies, which authors such as É. Will had accepted for the onset of tyranny in Corinth (Korinthiaka. Recherches sur l'histoire et la civilisation de Corinthe des origines aux guerres mediques [1955]). In any case, the debate over the role of trade in the economy of the poleis is not closed, and in C.d.R.'s final discussion we perceive the idea that perhaps the time has come definitively to abandon positions that are excessively vague, such as those implied in the above-mentioned concepts of primitivism and modernism. This debate leads to what, in C.d.R.'s view, is the basis of Greek society: the citizensoldier, the peasant hoplite, with which the book ends. In addition, two appendices provide a summary of the visions of Gaetano de Sanctis and Anthony Andrewes, respectively, on the Greek tyrannies. Both books include brief bibliographies, which are by no means exhaustive – and certain absences are difficult to comprehend. The critical apparatus contains mostly citations from the relevant sources and, on occasions, the actual passages complete with their translation into Italian. However, direct references to the bibliography relating to the many themes mentioned in the books are missing. Moreover, the absence of chapters and headings, and the succession of subjects dealt with in the text – sometimes with no clear separation – does not make this work easy to read. It does, however, contain interesting and suggestive ideas which, with a better and more systematic distribution of the material, would have stood out more effectively.


This difficulty in tube removal occurred in the case of a 46-year-old woman. Thiopental sodium was used intravenously for induction of anesthesia. A dose of 40 mg of succinylcholine was administered intravenously to provide muscle relaxation, after which the patient was intubated with a no. 32 French, rubber endotracheal tube that had a 3-cm rubber balloon. The balloon was inflated, and general anesthesia was maintained with halothane, nitrous oxide, and oxygen. At the completion of the operative and anesthetic procedure, the patient awakened sufficiently to react to the presence of the endotracheal tube. After appropriate suctioning of the oropharyngeal region, the ALLAN B. GOULD, JR., M.D. THOMAS H. SELDON, M.D.


Speckle is inherent to any Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) imaging of biological tissue. It is often seen as degrading the signal, but it also carries information about the tissue microstructure. One parameter of interest is the speckle size. We study the variations in speckle size on optical phantoms with different density of scatterers. Phantoms are fabricated with a new approach by introducing silica microspheres in a curing silicon matrix, providing phantoms with a controlled density of scatterers. These phantoms are also solid, deformable, and conservable. Experimental results are obtained with Time-Domain OCT (TD-OCT). Modeling is performed by simulating a phantom as a random distribution with of discrete scatterers. Both experimental results and modeling show that the speckle size varies when there are few scatterers contained within the probed volume, the latter being defined by the coherence length and the spot size of the focusing optics. As a criterion to differentiate tissues, the speckle size has the same sensitivity as the contrast parameter that is studied in Ref. 1. This work also contributes to a better understanding of speckle in OCT.


Historical Overview.- Fundamentals of Acoustic Wave Theory.- Sources and Applications of Ultrasound.- Applications of Ultrasound in Medicine - Comparison with Other Modalities.- Aspects of NonLinear Acoustics which are Important in Biomedical Ultrasound.- Interaction Mechanisms: Heating.- Biological Effects of Acoustic Cavitation.- Interaction Mechanisms: Non-Thermal, Non-Cavitational Effects...- Experimentation in vitro: Ultrasound Studies at the Macromolecular Level.- Experimentation in vitro: Effects of Ultrasound on Cell Suspensions.- Effects on Soft Tissues with Special Reference to the Central Nervous System.- Ocular Effects.- Haematological Effects.- Immunological and Genetic Effects.- Developmental and Teratogenic Effects of Ultrasound.- Exposure to Medical Ultrasound: Studies of Human Effects.- Standards and Recommendations on Ultrasound Exposure.- Protective Measures for Ultrasound Exposure.- Research Priorities in Ultrasound.- Tissue Regeneration.- Effects of Ultrasound on "Solid" Mammalian Tissues and Tumors in vivo.- Ultrasound: Synergistic Effects and Application in Cancer Therapy by Hyperthermia.- Recent Advances and Techniques in Therapeutic Ultrasound.- Ultrasonic Tissue Characterization.- Future Trends in Diagnostic Ultrasound.- Panel Discussion on Mechanisms and Biological.


The elements of an economic system are interdependent, and the structure formed by system interrelationships is crucial to the survival of an economy. Attempts to identify and measure structure are traced from the mid-eighteenth century to the publication of Distribution in a High-Level Economy The first major study including the marketing sector of an economy, Does Distribution Cost Too Much?, does not provide structural inferences because parts of the economic system were omitted, and system inputs were not specified. The often repeated estimate that marketing costs represent 59% of the consumer's dollar is overstated because system output is underestimated. Structural inferences can be developed with data presented in Distribution in a High-Level Economy, using the analytical framework provided by the Leontief input-output table.


PURPOSE: A method for fabricating a capacitor of semiconductor device is provided to be able to increase the electrostatic capacitance of the capacitor by increasing the charging area of the capacitor. CONSTITUTION: The method includes the steps of forming insulating layers(12,12') on an integrated circuit substrate(10), and forming a conductive layer on the insulating layers opposite the integrated circuit substrate(10). A patterned ozone TEOS(tetraethylorthosilicate) undoped silicate layer is formed on the conductive layer, and conductive spacers(16a) are formed along sidewalls of the ozone TEOS undoped silicate layer. A dielectric layer is formed on the conductive spacers and on the first conductive layer, and a second conductive layer is formed on the dielectric layer opposite the first conductive layer and the conductive spacers.


In a recent volume of the Joumal of the Indian Academy of Forensic Sciences there was a review of Developing Society and the Police. The book consists of a number of papers given at a university seminar on Police Administration. The contributors were evidently critical of the fact that too many of the assumptions of the "British Colonial System" had been carried over into independent India. No doubt, the contributors said, the preservation of law and order is a prime consideration of police work. This may involve the use of force to control members of the public who are usually law-abiding. The police should also do their best to gain the co-operation of the public, and, the authors suggest, the co-operation of the public can best be obtained by a successful record in the detection of crime. Success in detection depends upon the efficient application of forensic science. An Indian view. Perhaps the same point would be made at a similar discussion in this country I rather doubt it. In this country, where public utterances assume that British police methods are the best, lip service is sometimes paid to the importance of forensic science to the success of police work, but the importance is too often taken for granted. Attempts have undoubtedly been made to determine what help forensic science could give to improve the detection rate, but forensic science is not continuously high on the official list of priorities. There is public debate on Higher Training, under-manning, the levels of crime and levels of acquittals of the guilty, but if there has been an investigation into scientific aids to the detection of crime, the results of such an investigation have not led to any obvious action being taken. When the Metropolitan Police College was founded at Hendon in 1934, forensic science was as much a part of the curriculum as law and police administration. Dr. James Davidson, the Director of the Metropolitan Police Forensic Science Laboratory, was also a member of the directing staff of the college, and the laboratory was part of the College complex. A wide gap separates Bramshill from Aldermaston. One of the first visiting lecturers at the College was Dr. Harry


An experimental study was performed on flow characteristics of an evaporator room within a home refrigerator. As multi-point simultaneous velocity acquisition, 2-D PIV system based upon the two-frame grey-level cross correlation method is adopted using PC frame-grabber connected to a 8㎜ camcoder. Both the quantitative analysis and qualitative visualization by particle-injection for the inlel region of a cooling-air supply fan revealed that very complex turbulent behavior is predominant in the separation region and behind an obstacle existing along the passage. Non-uniform velocity profiles along the fan inlet region are also found. Effective measures to prevent flow friction loss and inflow non-uniformity will be required.


ÐIt is common knowledge that grain boundary migration determines microstructure evolution and thus, a€ects the properties of polycrystals. The principal parameter which controls the motion of a grain boundary is the grain boundary mobility. In practically all relevant cases the motion of a straight grain boundary is the exception rather than the rule. That is why the shape of a moving grain boundary is of interest, and it will be shown that the grain boundary shape is a source of new, interesting and useful ®ndings concerning grain boundary motion, in particular for the interaction of a moving grain boundary with mobile particles. The experimentally derived shape of a grain boundary ``quarter-loop'' (Masteller and Bauer, Recrystallization of Metallic Materials, Riederer Verlag, Stuttgart, 1978) in Al-bicrystals of di€erent purity was compared with theoretical calculations in the LuÈ cke±Detert approximation (LuÈ cke and Detert, Acta metall., 1957, 5, 628). # 1999 Acta Metallurgica Inc. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.


Pixel-based approaches are commonly used for urban land-cover classification and change detection, but the results are often inaccurate in arid and semiarid urban landscapes due to the mixed-pixel problem and similar spectral signatures between impervious surface areas (ISAs) and bare soils. This research proposes a subpixel-based approach to examine land-cover change in Urumqi and Phoenix urban landscapes using multitemporal Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) imagery. Linear spectral mixture analysis (SMA) was used to unmix TM multispectral imagery into four fractions – high-albedo object, low-albedo object, green vegetation (GV), and soil. ISA was determined from the sum of high-albedo and low-albedo fraction images after removal of non-ISA in both fraction images. The ISA, vegetation abundance, and soil images at different dates were used to examine their change over time. The results indicate that this subpixel-based approach can successfully detect small changes of urban land covers in medium spatial resolution images which pixel-based approaches cannot.


The chlorination of 5-thioxo-10,11-dihydro-5 H -dibenzo[ a,d ]cycloheptene 2a gave 5-chloro-10,11-dihydro-5 H -dibenzo[ a,d ]cycloheptene-5,10-sulfide 4 . Chlorination of 5-thioxo-5 H -dibenzo[ a,d ]cycloheptene 2b gave the two isomers cis - and trans -5,11-dichloro-10,11-dihydro-5 H -dibenzo[ a,d ]cycloheptene-5,10-sulfide 7a,b . The two sulfides 4 and 7a,b were oxidized by using mCPBA or H 2 O 2 /AcOH to give the corresponding sulfoxides 5 and 8a,b , respectively. Treatment of the sulfide 7a,b with KI gave the primary ketone 1b together with trans -5-chloro-11-hydroxy-10,11-dihydro-5 H -dibenzo[ a,d ]cycloheptene-5,10-sulfide 9 . The structures of the new compounds were established by different spectroscopic techniques as well as single crystal X-ray diffraction for compounds 4 and 9 .


A Clegg Impact Tester, also known as a Clegg Hammer, is a portable device invented by Dr. Baden Clegg to assess surface shock absorption and bearing capacity. It measures the strength of soils, aggregates, and synthetic materials for roads and sports surfaces. The tester consists of a compaction hammer, guiding tube, and piezoelectric accelerometer. It quantifies a surface's ability to withstand structural load and offers insights into strength, stiffness, and stability. The hammer is dropped from a specific height, and its impact is measured. Clegg Impact Testers are used for various applications, including road quality, turf safety, athletic tracks, and stall surfaces. Factors to consider when choosing one include hammer weight, readout range, power source, and additional features.


This study aims to compare and to provide the changes of appearance and technical fits according to patternmaking methods data collected using four kinds of jersey knit T-shirts slopers worn by women in their 20∼30's using the 3D virtual try-on system. The one-way that ANOVA and Duncan Test was use...


The collapse probability of ductile and non‐ductile concentrically braced frames was investigated using nonlinear dynamic response analysis. Two buildings with three and nine stories located in Boston and Los Angeles, respectively, were designed and subjected to ground motions from the areas. In Boston area, three‐story and nine‐story buildings were designed as ordinary concentrically braced frame with response modification reduction factor R equal to 3 1/4 to be considered as non‐ductile structural systems; comparatively, in Los Angeles area, three‐story and nine‐story buildings were designed as special concentrically braced frame with response modification reduction factor R equal to 6 to be considered as ductile structural systems. In order to evaluate the performance of ductile and non‐ductile concentrically braced frames in moderate and severe seismic regions, ATC‐63 would be used as reference to assess the seismic behaviors. Evaluation approach recommended by ATC‐63 was adopted, and hundreds of nonlinear dynamic analyses were performed. Through alternating the scale factors of designated ground motions, median of structural collapse intensity was presented for each structure. By observing the results of statistical performance assessment, the seismic performance of the systems was evaluated, and some observations are made based on the study. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


ABSTRACT:The grape (Vitis vinifera L.) is the most valuable and widely cultivated horticultural crop worldwide. In the present study, different hormonal combinations in regeneration media were studied to determine the best combination for in vitro morphogenesis of grapevine accessions viz., 4494(1) Kowar Sufaid, 4472(12) Harker Agoon and 4492(1) Kowar Naray. When levels of benzylaminopurine (BAP) were increased in the basal MS media for culturing the grape plantlets, there was a corresponding increase in the number of shoots and root mass. Additionally, the shoot proliferation response to increasing level of BAP was found genotype dependent. Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) also showed a positive effect on in vitro growth responses (shoot proliferation and root induction) when combined with BAP. The media containing NAA, BAP and kinetin accelerated the growth in terms of shoot mass in two accessions, 4494(1) Kowar Sufaid and 4472(12) Harker Agoon and again the culture response was genotype dependent. There was a difference in the growth responses of the three accessions studied. The best rooting response was


Summary: On usually refers to all the figures named "Phocus" as one and the same Phocus, the alleged eponymous hero of the Phocians, and wonder why he has so many "Doppelgänger": one or more Homeric heroes, a son of Aecus, a son of Ornytion, and so on. This paper assumes instead that there are many different heroes whose names are Phocus, and wonders to what extent and why were they linked. Indeed the contradictory stories about Phocus represent an interesting case of the permeability of the heroes' genealogies and of the traditional narratives about them in archaic and classical Greece. A survey of the sources shows that all the figures named "Phocus" were more than once linked together to express specific needs. These needs reflect different aims and historical events which are ascribable mainly to the archaic and classical periods. Moreover, they are concerned with Phocis as well as with Corinth, Aegina, Locris, Thebes and Thessaly. By reconstructing wherever possible the chronological context of the different layers and overlaps and by linking them to the several traditions concerning heroes named Phocus, it is possible to construct a map which describes some of the relationships, some geopolitical landscapes and, to a certain extent, even some geopolitical lines working in Central Greece and beyond from the archaic to the Roman period.


The incidence of dwarfism is Increasing in registered and commercial beef herds throughout
 the United States. The dwarfism is conditioned by an autosomal recessive gene with
 complete penetrance. Breeders definitely, though unconsciously, favor the heterozygote
 in the selection of sires. The dwarf gene in the heterozygous state has such a marked
 effect upon the frontal bones that heterozygous and homozygous normals can be differentiated,
 with a high degree of accuracy, from the relationships of the diagnostic points on
 the head profile. Several different means have been developed for distinguishing the
 dwarfcarrier and dwarf-free genotypes in mature bulls. Tests in the field under varying
 conditions indicate that it is feasible to use this method of diagnosis for differentiating
 between dwarf-carrier and dwarf-free bulls for breeders and commercial cattlemen.
 The organization of such a program and the problems to be overcome are herein discussed.
 This is a report of some of the research work on the California phase of a regional
 cooperative study in the Western States on Project W-1, "Improvement of Beef Cattle
 Through the Application of Breeding Methods," which is partially supported by the
 Research and Marketing Act of 1946 funds, and is carried on in cooperation with the
 staff for Beef Cattle Research of the Bureau of Animal Industry, United States Department
 of Agriculture stotioned at Denver. The New Mexico and Arizona Experiment Station
 herds provided critical data.
 The Western Region comprises the following states and territories: Alaska Agricultural Experiment StationNevada Agricultural Experiment StationArizona Agricultural Experiment StationNew Mexico Agricultural Experiment StationCalifornia Agricultural Experiment StationOregon Agricultural Experiment StationColorado Agricultural Experiment StationUtah Agricultural Experiment StationHawaii Agricultural Experiment StationWashington Agricultural Experiment StationIdaho Agricultural Experiment StationWyoming Agricultural Experiment StationMontana Agricultural Experiment Station


The effect functions of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium application codes on the yield and total saponin of Platycodon grandiflorum were established by conducting field experiments using three-factor D-saturation optimal design(310).The results show that the effects of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium on yield and total saponin are nitrogen potassium phosphorus and nitrogen phosphorus potassium respectively.The results of the frequency analysis show that for the target yield between 4200 and 4800 kg/ha and confidence interval 95%,the optimal fertilizer application rates of N,P2O5 and K2O,are 83.72-119.41,64.10-134.39 and 78.80-147.20 kg/ha respectively,and for the total saponin content over 5.5%,the optimal fertilizer application rates are 113.37-140.12,85.96-153.44 and 76.86-136.38 kg/ha,respectively.Consequently,the optimal fertilizer application rates for both high yield and high quality of Platycodon grandiflorum are 113.37-119.41,85.96-134.39 and 78.80-136.38 kg/ha,respectively.The corresponding fertilizer ratio of N∶ P2O5 ∶ K2O is 1 ∶ 0.72-1.18 ∶ 0.66-1.20.


External costs for remediation of environmental pollution and depletion of nonrenewable
resources usually are not taken into account in the social accounts. All this suggests that the problem of
evaluation of environmental external costs is not solved completely. It is certain that System of Integrated
Environmental and Economic Accounting (SEEA) provides much more information from the Provisional
System of National Accounts (SNA), which is designed as a basis for the development of international
compatibility of national accounts. Integrated environmental and economic accounting does not violate
the essence of the conventional macroeconomic aggregates. The above deficiencies in the selection of
species, numbers and physical quantities that characterize the environmental indicators, and talk about
this nonoptimal evaluation of economic wealth of society. For some natural resources are measurable
indicators (price and quantity of minerals obtained or catching fish, the prices of fossil exploited
resources: oil, coal and natural gas, the percentage of deforestation and the like). However, resources
such as water and air can be included in the integrated environmental and economic accounting only
through cost recovery or prevention of pollution. The aim of this paper is to address the inadequacy of
measuring social capital through the traditional calculation of gross domestic product. It is evident that
there is a need of "green" accounting at the macro level.


Using data from three waves of Add Health we find that being very attractive reduces a young adult's (ages 18-26) propensity for criminal activity and being unattractive increases it for a number of crimes, ranging from burglary to selling drugs. A variety of tests demonstrate that this result is not because beauty is acting as a proxy for socio-economic status. Being very attractive is also positively associated adult vocabulary test scores, which suggests the possibility that beauty may have an impact on human capital formation. We demonstrate that, especially for females, holding constant current beauty, high school beauty (pre-labor market beauty) has a separate impact on crime, and that high school beauty is correlated with variables that gauge various aspects of high school experience, such as GPA, suspension or having being expelled from school, and problems with teachers. These results suggest two handicaps faced by unattractive individuals. First, a labor market penalty provides a direct incentive for unattractive individuals toward criminal activity. Second, the level of beauty in high school has an effect on criminal propensity 7-8 years later, which seems to be due to the impact of the level of beauty in high school on human capital formation, although this second avenue seems to be effective for females only. Naci Mocan Department of Economics University of Colorado Campus Box 181; P.O. Box 173364 Denver, CO 80217-3364 and NBER email@example.com Erdal Tekin Department of Economics Andrew Young School of Policy Studies Georgia State University P.O. Box 3992 Atlanta, GA 30302-3992 and NBER email@example.com


The preparation of some functionalized quinoxaline 1,4-dioxides is described from the reaction of benzofurazan oxide with 2-acetylbutyrolactone, ethyl acetopyruvate, and acetylacetaldehyde dimethylacetal.


This paper investigates the criteria that the final year students in Agricultural and Industrial Plantation Management Programme will consider when comes to selecting fertilizer to be used in the plantation, farm and orchard. These students are familiar with the aspects of plantation, soil, farm management and also the major and secondary crop particularly. They also have the knowledge to determine the suitability of the fertilizer use and the impact to the yield and the soil in the long term, and whether the fertilizer used matches the characteristics of soil in the plantation. 25% of the sample respondents were chosen from 118 population and they were given a set of questionnaire to fill-in with the help of a researcher. The findings of the survey will be explained by using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) in a form of pairwise comparison matrix table. It was found that different criteria determines the importance of choosing the fertilizer, and when it comes to choosing the best type of fertilizer based on the overall priority, organic leads the list followed by urea and chemical fertilizer. The study however did not take into consideration the type of soil and the soil condition which also may have an impact to the type of fertilizer used.


Some data privacy laws, particularly those outside Europe, have very wide exemptions from their data privacy legislation for personal data which is 'publicly available' in some way. Such information is often conveniently, but erroneously, called 'public domain' data. However, in Asian jurisdictions these exemptions vary a great deal in their scope. More important, in some jurisdictions, there are no such exemptions at all. This variation poses a considerable risk to any businesses or NGOs that intend to re-use personal data that is somehow 'publicly available' from one or more Asian jurisdictions. These dangers were most clearly illustrated by a business that was in effect forced to close because Hong Kong's Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance has no explicit exemption for publicly available information. The 'Do No Evil' app for mobile devices collated publicly available litigation, bankruptcy and company directors' data. Hong Kong's Privacy Commissioner found it in breach of the Ordinance.As well as analysing this decision, this article considers 'Where else in Asia can you Do No Evil?', outlining the position of publicly available information under data privacy laws in other Asian jurisdictions.It concludes that in many Asian jurisdictions, data users cannot regard information extracted from public registers as simply being in 'the public domain' and able to be used for any purpose. When personal data is involved, a more complex set of considerations come into play in order to protect data subjects against uncontrolled use of their personal data in ways that may harm them.


This study performs a series of rainfall-induced seepage and stability analyses of unsaturated slope using strength reduction method (SRM) of two-dimensional (2-D) finite element technique to inspect the efficiency of compound stabilization work adopted for the remediation of the down slope of T16-tower pier (or T16-Slope) situated at the hillside of Taipei City Mao- Kong tramway. The validities of numerical procedures and various material model parameters are verified by examining the triggering mechanism and occurrence time of landslide in T16-Slope during Jang-Mi typhoon in 2008. After the landslide in 2008, the potential sliding surfaces of T16-Slope with and without remediation are both developed at the up-middle-slope (the most critical sectional slope) where an RC-grid-beam (RC-grillage) and anchorage were constructed for remediation. The remediation enables to prevent the up-middle-slope from coming close to a critical state during torrential rainfall. The increasing FS value demonstrates the deterioration of the stability of up-middle-slope caused by groundwater rise can be mitigated by the stabilization effects of remediation. The analysis results also indicate that the stabilization effects of remediation can be greatly reduced after a rainfall with long duration and heavy intensity because of a strenuous infiltration of rainwater.


Farmers is the most important micro-mainstay in the process of urbanization,analysis and grasp of the true wishes and affecting factors of for their rural-urban migration is conducive for the government to adopt targeted policies and measures,and attract farmers from the countryside into the cities.Multiple occupations are another form of rural labor migration,the multiple occupations of farmers has a very im- portant impact on urbanization.Based on recent field survey in rural areas of Suzhou,this paper probed the factors affecting the migration of farmers through different perspectives,such as the migration theo- ry,and survey on willingness and metrological analysis,and relevant conclusions was drawn from this.


We present a new nonparametric method for determining mean 3D density and mass profiles from weak-lensing measurements around stacked samples of galaxies or clusters, that is, from measurement of the galaxy-shear or cluster-shear correlation functions. Since the correlation function is statistically isotropic, this method evades problems, such as projection of large-scale structure along the line of sight or halo asphericity, that complicate attempts to infer masses from weak-lensing measurements of individual objects. We demonstrate the utility of this method in measuring halo profiles, galaxy-mass and cluster-mass cross-correlation functions, and cluster virial masses. We test this method on an N-body simulation and show that it correctly and accurately recovers the 3D density and mass profiles of halos. We find no evidence of problems due to a mass sheet degeneracy in the simulation. Cross-correlation lensing provides a powerful method for calibrating the mass-observable relation for use in measurement of the cluster mass function in large surveys. It can also be used on large scales to measure and remove the halo bias and thereby provide a direct measurement of Ωmσ8.


ancl a small spoonful of jelly contrast meclium. The items measured were the seguentia1 movement of the hyoid bone: hyoid bone angle; epiglottis angle: antero-posterior diameters of the thyroid cartilage, larynx, hypopharynx, and pharyngoesophageal junctien: and transport time of the swallewed bolus. It was concluded that the movement of the hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage and the angle of the epigIottis were important for evaluation ef pharyngeal swallowing, and that the anteroposterior and vertical movement of the hyoid bone showed a significant relationsliip to transport time of the swallowed bolus as far as the esophagus, which was within 400 msec


The paper proposes two parallel meta-heuristics. One is a cooperative parallel tabu search which incorporates historical information exchange among processors in addition to its own searching of each processor. The other is a cooperative parallel search between genetic algorithm and tabu search processes. Through computational experiment, we observe the improvement of solutions by our proposed method.