The main factors that affect the strength of adhesive joints are the exposure to moist environments and high and/or low temperatures. The objective of this paper is to measure the water diffusion in adhesives modified with thermally expandable particles (TEPs) and assess the joint strength of water saturated modified adhesives. Bulk specimens were used to measure the diffusion coefficient of water in a TEPs-modified adhesive. The tensile data as a function of TEPs content, moisture uptake and temperature was measured. It was found that the presence of moisture and the temperature affect the mechanical properties of TEPs-modified adhesive. Further, a scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis was performed in order to examine the fracture surfaces of the tensile specimens tested as a function of temperature and water uptake. SEM analysis showed that the absorbed moisture and temperature change the fracture mechanisms and the morphology of the specimens.


We report on the observation and numerical calculations of femtosecond gain dynamics in an optically excited, CdSe epitaxial sample at low temperature. Spectral hole burning is clearly observed around the pump as it is tuned through the gain region. The pump-probe experiments agree well with our theory that involves numerical evaluation of the semiconductor Bloch equations in the presence of carrier-carrier and carrier-LO-phonon scattering


The difficulties associated with ultrasonic testing of austenitic welds and parent materials are well known, but recent efforts in the research and development of new testing methods have brought advances. The practical application of the special testing techniques, however, still poses problems, as the requirements placed upon the testing personnel are very high. This report presents an outline for the development of a testing procedure, although it is necessary to proceed step by step, and each case has to be investigated anew. Some typical examination results obtained with special probes are mentioned. Furthermore, we deal with problem of occurrences of spurious indications.


Significance TDP-43 is an RNA-binding protein closely associated with neurodegenerative diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). We have previously shown that TDP-43 dysfunction leads to reduced dendritic complexity. In this study, we apply the recently developed genetic approach TRIBE (targets of RNA-binding proteins identified by editing) to identify the RNAs that are bound by TDP-43 in neurons. Of the many TDP-43 target RNAs identified, we observed that mRNAs encoding proteins related to the CREB signaling pathway are enriched. Next, we were able to rescue the dendritic complexity defect caused by TDP-43 dysfunction by restoring CREB signaling. Our study may provide pathways for therapeutic intervention in TDP-43−associated neurodegenerative diseases. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are two related neurodegenerative diseases that present with similar TDP-43 pathology in patient tissue. TDP-43 is an RNA-binding protein which forms aggregates in neurons of ALS and FTD patients as well as in a subset of patients diagnosed with other neurodegenerative diseases. Despite our understanding that TDP-43 is essential for many aspects of RNA metabolism, it remains obscure how TDP-43 dysfunction contributes to neurodegeneration. Interestingly, altered neuronal dendritic morphology is a common theme among several neurological disorders and is thought to precede neurodegeneration. We previously found that both TDP-43 overexpression (OE) and knockdown (KD) result in reduced dendritic branching of cortical neurons. In this study, we used TRIBE (targets of RNA-binding proteins identified by editing) as an approach to identify signaling pathways that regulate dendritic branching downstream of TDP-43. We found that TDP-43 RNA targets are enriched for pathways that signal to the CREB transcription factor. We further found that TDP-43 dysfunction inhibits CREB activation and CREB transcriptional output, and restoring CREB signaling rescues defects in dendritic branching. Finally, we demonstrate, using RNA sequencing, that TDP-43 OE and KD cause similar changes in the abundance of specific messenger RNAs, consistent with their ability to produce similar morphological defects. Our data therefore provide a mechanism by which TDP-43 dysfunction interferes with dendritic branching, and may define pathways for therapeutic intervention in neurodegenerative diseases.


An experimental study on the behavior of cold formed steel (CFS) strap bracing connections is presented in this paper. 75 cold-formed steel strap bracing connections were examined. The connections maximum load capacity and the load-deformation behavior as well as the failure modes of the connections are investigated. The strap bracing connections included 0.55mm and 0.75mm cold-formed G550 steel and four different types of steel strap material. The connections behaviors are discussed and the design capacities calculated from different CFS design standards are compared to the experimental results of the connections. The results show that generally the monotonic tested connections capacities are lower than the cyclic capacities. Also, it is found that although the design provisions predict some of the behaviours of screwed connections, they are not fully suited to accurately predicting the ultimate behaviour of the strap bracing connections. Therefore, the recommended capacities for the strap bracing connections are based on the experimental results.


This paper analyzes the morphological characteristics of Xinzhou confluence and features of within-the-year and inter-annual variation of the confluence shoal,and discusses the influential factors of the shoal appearing.It is concluded that the impact from the lockup of the south inlet's confluence on the shoal does exist,but it's not the major factor;The trend of the upstream deep trough of Xinzhou south inlet and the change of the north inlet's incoming flow are the main reasons for the shoal appearing at the confluence.Based on the analysis,this paper investigates the regulation idea for the shoal regulation.


T HE BOOK presents how Bayesian hierarchical methods can be applied to complex and related datasets and how Bayesian approaches can be wellintegrated into a variety of statistical analysis methods such as regression, factor analysis, time series, and survival analysis under both univarite and mulitivariate models. Many of the hierarchical modeling techniques in this book are recently proposed and new in the literature. The author provides very comprehensive references which will benefit readers who are interested in in-depth research and investigations on a specific subject. Even though many examples are related to health and social science, they also would be helpful to users in engineering and other fields.


GPs over the age of 55 take on roughly twice as much out of hours care as GPs under the age of 35, indicates the latest primary care workforce survey for Scotland.1

The survey drew on the responses of 631 general practices in Scotland—almost two thirds (64%) of the total number—for in-hours care and all 14 NHS boards for out of hours care, covering the 12 months to …


-Transformation from fossil fuels to clean energy is necessary due to the stricter environmental protection policies. Drivetrain hybridization by green energy sources seems to be an appropriate solution in farm applications. However, some constraints are raised, e.g., the low energy density of renewable energy sources and the long recharging time of batteries. Hence, the objective of this work is to suggest an Extended-Range Solar Assist Plug-In Hybrid Electric Tractor (E-RSAPHT) via a combination of a photovoltaic (PV) system and a biogas fuelled engine generator set (Bio-Gen) with a battery pack. Due to multi-power sources, a heuristic control strategy is proposed to split the generated powers while considering the extend daily operation hours. Moreover, some field measurements are conducted to define typical working cycles for farm hybrid vehicle application. Considering these points, the modelling, simulation and development of the E-RSAPHT are presented in this paper. Experimental results showed that the proposed system could improve energy autonomy and fuel efficiency. For typically evaluated toolbars, the operation ranges of the trailer, boom-type sprayer, and water-pump system were extended up to 292, 255, and 320% compared to the base battery-electric tractor, respectively. The conducted investigations illustrate that even for a 2100kg electric farm vehicle, a downsized 4.4kW Bio-Gen allows the hybrid-electric system to supply the power demand compared to the conventional system by using the internal combustion engine.


Vision-based object tracking is a challenging problem. In the tracking process, the object is usually first recognized in a given image. Then a bounding box is used to describe the position of the target object. Normally, a vector [x, y, width, height] is adopted to represent the bounding box. Under this viewpoint, the tracking problem can be treated as a regression problem if we handle the image sequence frame by frame. Due to the recent advancement in machine learning, many researchers apply neural networks to solve the visual tracking problem. This greatly improves the accuracy of bounding box prediction. Actually, the neural network based approaches are more suitable for end-to-end systems. In this paper, we propose to train and use a single neural network to tackle the tracking task. With the cropped candidate image patch as the input to the network, the output is the bounding box that indicates the target position. In our network, we first have a mask map to identify the target. It is a binary image and is divided into two classes. The positive class denotes the foreground while the negative class denotes the background. The mask map is then used for the estimation of the bounding box vector. The task now becomes an image mapping problem. We have achieved a good balance between accuracy and computational efficiency. Our tracker can reach an average speed of 178 frames per second(fps) and a maximum of 334 fps in the OTB benchmark.


Assibilation is the conversion of an occlusive to an affricate or sibilant before a front vowel (e.g. Eng. medical, medicine). We consider: (I) mechanism, (Π) principles, (III) reflexes. By MECHANISM is understood the rules between the original etymon and the final reflex; by PRINCIPLES is understood certain Statements concerning which consonants are most likely to assibilate, which vowels are most likely to induce assibilation, and so forth. Here also is included certain truth Statements concerning assibilation. By REFLEXES is understood the determination of palatal or dental reflex (ts or ts\ or affricate or sibilant reflex (ts, s).


In order to obtain high toughness at the high strength level, the refinement of grain size though control of hot deformation processing is the best solution. The ultra- fine ferrite grain size can be achieved from the ultra- fine austenite grain size prior to phase transformation in low carbon line pipe steels. The ultra- fine austenite rain size can be obtained by dynamic recrystallization at a large Z (Zeller- Hollomon parameter) condition. However, the large Z is associated to a large critical strain for dynamic recrystallization. Lowering temperature window of rolling and large strain accumulation is basic condition for exceeding of critical strain for dynamic recrystallization to refine austenite grain size. The condition and technology for strain accumulation in multi- pass processing to refine austenite grain size through dynamic recrystallization are presented. The experimental schedule optimized by the modeling and software based on industrial rolling schedule is simulated in laboratory, in which the final average ferrite grain size is about 1.5 micron.


As semiconductor process design rules continue to shrink, the ability of optical inspection tools to separate between true defects and nuisance becomes more and more difficult. Therefore, monitoring Defect of Interest (DOI) become a real challenge (Figure 1). This phenomenon occurs due to the lower signal received from real defects while noise levels remain almost the same, resulting in inspection high nuisance rate, which jeopardizes the ability to provide a meaningful, true defect Pareto. A non-representative defect Pareto creates a real challenge to a reliable process monitoring (Figure 4). Traditionally, inspection tool recipes were optimized to keep data load at a manageable level and provide defect maps with ~10% nuisance rate, but as defects of interest get smaller with design rule shrinkage, this requirement results in a painful compromise in detection sensitivity. The inspection is usually followed by defect review and classification using scanning electron microscope (SEM), the classification done manually and it is performed on a small sample of the inspection defect map due to time and manual resources limitations. Sample is usually 50~60 randomly selected locations, review is performed manually most of the times, and manual classification is performed for all the reviewed locations. In the approach described in this paper, the inspection tool recipe is optimized for sensitivity rather than low nuisance rate (i.e. detect all DOI with compromising on a higher nuisance rate). Inspection results with high nuisance rate introduce new challenges for SEM review methodology & tools. This paper describe a new approach which enhances process monitoring quality and the results of collaborative work of the Process Diagnostic & Control Business Unit of Applied Materials® and GLOBALFOUNDRIES® utilizing Applied Materials ADRTrueTM & SEMVisionTM capabilities. The study shows that the new approach reveals new defect types in the Pareto, and improves the ability to monitor the process and identify excursion for low magnitude defect of interest.


The invention claims an electronic program screening method and a television playing device. The television playing device comprises a storage unit, a microprocessor unit and a display unit. The storage unit stores an electronic program screening type set by a user; the microprocessor unit screens the program information in an electronic program guide database according to the screening type; the display unit marks the screened program information in an electronic program list containing the program information of the electronic program guide database, and displays the screened program information and the other program in different ways. The invention overcomes the following problems: when the user operates the electronic program list, the program screened from the electronic program list and the other programs cannot be distinguished; and the electronic program guide cannot actively identify the television program to be watched by the user, and the function of searching and screening the programs is not provided; by adopting the invention, the user can conveniently find out the favorite television program from the electronic program list.


The present series of observations represents an attempt to reproduce in man results which have been observed in animals during the administration of extracts of the anterior lobe of the pituitary containing the so-called thyrotropic principle.3 Abundant evidence of the relationship between the pituitary and the thyroid has been obtained in animals and in man and has been summarized in recent articles by Evans (3), (4), Smith (5) and Collip (6), (7). The following facts have been demonstrated. 1. Enlargement of the pituitary has been noted in thyroidectomized animals and in patients with cretinism and myxedema. 2. The thyroid becomes atrophic and the basal metabolism drops following removal of the pituitary. 3. The administration of active pituitary extracts to animals causes, temporarily;(a) hyperplasia of the thyroid, (b) reduction in the iodine content of the gland, (c) increase in the organic iodine of the blood, (d) tachycardia, (e) exophthalmos, (f) increase in basal metabolic rate. These changes do...


Introduction: Since the introduction, femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) was believed to revolutionize cataract surgery. However, the judgment of clinical benefits was found to be far more complex than initially might have been thought. The aim of this review was to analyze the benefits and drawbacks of FLACS compared to traditional phacoemulsification cataract surgery.
Results: The benefits of FLACS include lower cumulated phacoemulsification time and endothelial cell loss, perfect centration of the capsulotomy, and the possibility to perform precise femtosecond-assisted arcuate keratotomy incisions. The major disadvantages of FLACS are: high cost of the laser and the disposables for surgery, FLACS-specific intraoperative capsular complications, as well as the risk of intraoperative miosis and the learning curve.
Conclusions: FLACS seems to be beneficial in some groups of patients i.e., with low baseline endothelial cell count, or those planning to receive multifocal intraocular lenses. Nevertheless, having considered that the advantages of FLACS might not be clear in every routine case, it cannot be considered as cost-effective.


The use of technical regulations as technical barriers to trade (TBT) is widespread and has become an important issue in international trade....


This study presents a descriptive survey that examined the importance and relevance of National Occupational CADD Skills based on the perceptions of faculty teaching at National Association of Industrial Technology (NAIT) accredited institutions. The major goal of the study was to determine what National Occupational CADD Skill Standards are relevant and important to faculty teaching CADD courses. The study was also designed to determine ratings of the perceived importance and relevance of National Occupational CADD Skill Standards by faculty teaching CADD courses at NAIT accredited institutions based on their area of specialization, professional ranking, and teaching experience. This study provided NAIT accredited programs, professionals, and affiliated organizations a reflection of CADD standards developed, adopted, and practiced by faculty teaching CADD courses at NAIT accredited institutions in relation to National Occupational CADD Skill Standards. The population used for this study includes faculty teaching CADD courses in various Industrial Technology programs. For testing hypothesis I, a single sample was used for survey responses. Independent samples were used for survey responses in hypotheses II, III, and V. A single survey instrument was developed for this study. The survey instrument has five sections representing: demographics, fundamental drafting skills, fundamental computer skills, basic CADD skills, and advanced CADD skills A research hypothesis (Hi: /r^3) was established for hypothesis I for each item. Research hypotheses (Hi At least one pair of the category means would be different) were established for hypotheses II, II, and IV. Hypothesis I was tested using a single sample t-test Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. at the .05 level of significance for each of the CADD skill standard item. The ANOVA was used to test hypotheses II, III, and IV. The results of the statistical analyses were used to arrive at inferences on the importance and relevance of National Occupational CADD Skill Standards developed by National Coalition for Advanced Manufacturing (NACFAM) by faculty teaching at NAIT accredited institutions. Statistical analyses also checked on the balance of opinions on importance and relevance of National Occupational CADD Skill Standards between industry and educators. Statistical analyses failed to establish significant mean differences on how faculty teaching CADD at NAIT accredited institutions perceive the importance and relevance of National Occupational CADD Skill Standards in the four hypotheses tested. The four hypotheses are stated in Chapter 1 of the study. Recommendations for further studies are provided in Chapter 5. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. DEDICATED TO MY FAMILY Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank those whose support was essential for me to complete this research study and make it something I am proud of. With that thought in mind, I would like to express my heartfelt appreciation to the following people. First and foremost to my wife Christine who has sacrificed part of her life with continued and unwavering support that has seen me complete this research even though we have been miles away for such a long time. I also want to extend appreciation to her for taking care of our boys, Munyaradzi and Munashe while I was away from home pursuing my academic career. To my boys, thank you very much for your patience. Thank you mom and dad for your love, for without you this was not going to be possible. I love you all. Special thanks go to my advisory committee members, Dr Ali. E. Kashef, Dr. Nilmani Pramanik, Dr. Lesta A. Burgess, Dr. Douglas Mupasiri, Dr. Andrew Gilpin, and Dr. William J. Williamson for their professional advice and guidance which remained steadfast throughout the research study. My deepest appreciation is extended to the advisory committee for their unflagging attention to detail and willingness to provide assistance regardless of many other pressing responsibilities. A special thank you goes to Dr. John E. Williams who assisted me greatly in creating the web based survey instrument and the data collecting web page used in this study even though he was not a member of my advisory committee. To my colleagues and friends Nyaradzai Kadenge, Evans Komen, John Sagala, Rodwell Chitiyo, Simbarashe Tsimba, Harold, and James Komen—thank you for the Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.


Various splints for holding the arm in abduction while treating various conditions involving the arm and shoulder have been described. Many of the splints do not abduct the arm; practically all of them are bulky; many are difficult to hold in position, and none, so far as I have been able to find out, permit free motion of the elbow. In producing any splint or brace that is to be used over a considerable period, there are three things that demand attention: it must be efficient, practical and comfortable. Unless a brace fulfils these requirements, it is in a measure a failure. Removable abduction splints are notoriously uncomfortable and are difficult to maintain in position. Unless they are maintained in proper position, they fail to accomplish their purpose. Fitchet and Thorndike1have called attention to the fact that most abduction splints fail to abduct properly the humerus because motions


This article presents a review of physical, analytical, and compact models for oxide-based RRAM devices. An analysis of how the electrical, physical, and thermal parameters affect resistive switching and the different current conduction mechanisms that exist in the models is performed. Two different physical mechanisms that drive resistive switching; drift diffusion and redox which are widely adopted in models are studied. As for the current conduction mechanisms adopted in the models, Schottky and generalised hopping mechanisms are investigated. It is shown that resistive switching is strongly influenced by the electric field and temperature, while the current conduction is weakly dependent on the temperature. The resistive switching and current conduction mechanisms in RRAMs are highly dependent on the geometry of the conductive filament (CF). 2D and 3D models which incorporate the rupture/formation of the CF together with the variation of the filament radius present accurate resistive switching behaviour.


It is necessary and urgent to improve the reformation of interest rate marketilation in our country. accomplishment of the reformation will bring out great influence on our country s macroeconomy commercial banks and enterprises.


Project delay has been a phenomenon contending with the construction sector opposing time, cost, and quality. This study develops a model, which is a combination of two mathematical decision-making methods DEMATEL and system dynamics modeling, to investigate the impact of the factors on the entire project schedule. The simulation results reveal the importance of minimizing design error to reduce the project delay at the beginning (or preconstruction stage) of the project. Rework, design changes, and change orders must also be closely monitored during the construction to ensure work productivity and on-time project completion. The results also reveal that experienced designers and the use of updated design technology help reduce design errors, thus enhancing work performance in the long term. As shown in the simulation results, the actual project completion time and magnitude of delay steadily reduce with the project series. This explains the fact that the more the consistency and effectiveness in handling the delay factors as similar projects are performed in turns, the better the project performance in terms of time. Therefore, careful consideration of the delay factors reduces the time lag and delay magnitude in construction projects. Other improvements, such as effective supervision during construction which is a function of experienced supervisors, good project management, and cooperation among key stakeholders, including owners, consultants, and contractors, also assist in reducing the construction delay in the long term.


The invention relates to a filtration method of real-time junk e-mails, and the method is used for filtering a junk e-mail at a network interconnection point. The method comprises the following steps: step one, a path combination P is constructed according to the routing information in the e-mail, and the path combination P is a sending correspondent and a receiving correspondent, and / or a sending correspondent and an information destination; step two, attribute space mapping is performed to the IP address or the domain name of the elements in the path combination P according to IP address mapping or domain name mapping; steps three, whether the current e-mail is a junk e-mail is determined according to the attribute space mapping result of each element in the path combination P, if the e-mail is a junk e-mail, step four is executed, otherwise, the current e-mail is not processed; step four, the current e-mail is filtered. In the invention, only the mail order and the content in the header are analyzed, the processing speed is quick, the network resource utilization rate can be improved, and simultaneously, the filtration pressure at a user terminal can be relieved.


A characteristic medium strength earthquake with 5.9 Magnitude occurred in Heze on Nov.7,1983 under the background of potential strong earthquake in northern China.This paper provides a comprehensive analysis and investigation on the data of underground fluid in Heze.The earthquake-reflecting ability of underground fluid during Heze earthquake was summarized and the unusual patterns of underground fluid were explored.This study provides robust data for earthquake forecast in the future through monitoring of underground fluid.


The H.264 standard provides significantly high compression efficiency with multiple block size Motion Estimation adopted. However, the encoding time of Motion Estimation and Discrete Cosine Transform is dramatically increased as a result. An early mode decision algorithm is proposed in this paper to control the computation complexity. It derives a threshold to make mode decisions in advance. Experimental results show that 75.11% encoding time and 84.25% Motion estimation time can be saved on average with little PSNR dropped.


Abstract In recent years, the Indian Ocean (IO) has been discovered to have a much larger impact on climate variability than previously thought. This paper reviews processes in which the IO is, or appears to be, actively involved. We begin the mathematical model with a pattern for summer monsoon winds. Three dimensional temperature and velocity fields are calculated analytically for the ocean forced by wind stress and surface heat flux. A basic thermal state involving a balance of lateral and vertical heat diffusion is assumed. The wind stress is chosen such that a tropical mass transport gyre is generated. An effect of nonlinear heat advection is calculated by a perturbation method. The zero order temperature field gives a rough overall representation of oceanic thermocline. A baroclinic eastward flow in the upper part, with a westward return flow below is associated with this field.This circulation is closed through thin up and downwelling layers at the sides. Superimposed, there is a barotropic wind driven circulation, with a transport field of the type described by Munk. The interior temperature field to the next order is affected, not only by interior heat advection but also by heat advection in the Ekman layer, in the up and downwelling layers and in the main western boundary current.


Abstract: The aim of this experimental study was to investigate whether or not there was a significant improvement in students' listening comprehension and writing achievements after being taught by using podcast with dictogloss procedure and a significant difference in listening comprehension and writing achievements of the students who got the treatment and those who did not. This study also investigated which aspects of listening comprehension and writing that had contribution towards the students' achievements. The population of this study was all of the tenth graders of SMA Negeri 22 Palembang in academic year 2015-2016. Forty students with similar listening proficiency level were selected as the sample by using purposive sampling method. They were divided equally into experimental and control groups. Pretest and posttest were given to both groups, but only the experimental group was taught by using podcast with dictogloss procedure as the treatment. The data were obtained from listening comprehension and writing pretests and posttests in both groups and were analyzed by using both paired and independent sample t-test, and linear regression. The results showed that there were a significant improvement in listening and writing achievements in the experimental group. However, there were a significant different in listening (mean difference=11.050, p=0.006) and writing (mean difference=27.850, p=0.000) achievements between both groups. In addition, all of aspects of listening and writing gave a significant contribution to the students' achievements after getting the treatment.   Keywords: l istening comprehension, writing, podcast, dictogloss procedure


This study aimed to compare the differences in vocal quality between Mandarin‐speaking children with cochlear implants and normal‐hearing peers and to understand which cochlear implant usage parameters may predict unfavourable voice outcomes.


In a method of controlling the power of a vehicle engine by means of at least one position sensor 26 coupled to an accelerator pedal 34 and feeding a pedal position signal to an analog input 12 of a microprocessor 10 which produces a digital control signal at its output 18, in order to check the functioning of the input arrangement, the sensor signal is also fed to a comparator 50 where it is compared with a reference value. The result is fed to a digital input 16 of the microprocessor and an impermissible deviation between the two input values is indicative of a fault. It is envisaged that the reference value, set by a divider 54, may correspond to the rest position of the pedal or to a setting in the lower load range. Alternatively, several switching levels may be provided for the comparator 50, which then corresponds to a coarse A-D converter. As described, a second position sensor 30 is provided and the microprocessor also checks the correspondence of the two analog signals at its inputs 12, 14.


Let f ∈ C2 (R) satisfy f(0) = f 0 (0) = 0 and f 00(0) > 0. Then the 1-dimensional Hausdorff measure restricted to the graph of f is locally monotone near the origin in the sense that there exists σ > 0 such that the function r 7→ µf B(z,r) r is nondecreasing on (0, σ) for every centre z ∈ B(σ). The result is reformulated for Hausdorff measures restricted to uniformly C2 -curves in R 2 with the curvature bounded away from zero and infinity.


[1] Marani et al. [2006] used a numerical groundwater model to explore the roles of hydraulic conductivity and evapotranspiration (ET) in aerating the soils of tidal marshes. Their results indicate that in the absence of evapotranspiration no zones of permanent aeration develop in the simulated marsh [Marani et al., 2006, Figure 7]. In the presence of evapotranspiration (8 mm d ) and for soils with a saturated hydraulic conductivity greater than 10 6 m s 1 maximum aeration develops beneath the creek levee [Marani et al., 2006, Figures 8a, 8b] but no permanent zone of aeration is present in the marsh interior. For hydraulic conductivities less than 10 6 m s 1 a zone of permanently unsaturated soil develops beneath the marsh interior [Marani et al., 2006, Figures 7, 8c, 8d]. The authors then conclude that such aerated soil could control the productivity and species distribution of rooted macrophytes in salt marsh ecosystems. The purpose of this comment is to point out the effects that the dynamics producing such an aerated zone would have on the soil salinity of a marsh so configured. [2] Marani et al. [2006, Figure 7] shows that in a vegetated, low-conductivity marsh the lower boundary of the zone of permanent aeration slopes from the creek bank toward the marsh interior at all stages of the tide. This boundary between unsaturated soil above and saturated soil below must be a water table because the Richards equation used by Marani et al. does not explicitly allow for the coupled flow of air [Li et al., 2005] and thus for the possibility of entrapping air pockets at pressures greater than atmospheric. The difference in the water table between the creek bank and the marsh interior varies little over the tidal cycle and is about 0.5 m. This implies that there is a persistent flow of saline water from the creek toward the marsh interior. (At low tide there is a slight slope of the water table toward the creek bank but this only extends about 10 cm into the marsh). Saturated soil also appears to be present beneath the upper 10 cm of the marsh platform during all stages of the tide. Indeed unsaturated soil appears to be in contact with the atmosphere only in the upper half meter of the creek bank during tidal exposure of the marsh platform, thus raising questions as to how much fresh oxygen is supplied to the aerated root zone over a tidal cycle. In any case the root zone in this configuration is the focus for salt advection driven by the infiltration of tidal water from above during high tide and the lateral flow saline water from the creek. These flows are required to balance the loss of water from the root zone via evapotranspiration. Thus in the absence of other processes for salt removal, the soil salinity of the root zone will increase until the plants are unable to transpire. [3] Using their transpiration rate (8 mm d ) and porosity (0.4), and assuming that the initial salinity of the marsh pore water is equal to that of the tidal water, one can estimate the residence time of water, and thus the time it would take to add a mass of salt equal to that originally present in the root zone (upper 30 cm [see Marani et al., 2006, Figure 6]). For the root zone this would be about 15 days. For the upper 1.3 m of the marsh soil [see Marani et al., 2006, Figure 6] the residence time is about 65 days while for the entire model domain it is about 290 days. In the absence of salt removal mechanisms the mass of salt in the model domain would increase by an amount equal to that originally present every 290 days. At any given time the locus of maximum salinity would more or less coincide with the locus of minimum water saturation in the root zone. Thus one must ask whether there are mechanisms of salt removal that could avert a salinity crises? [4] One possible mechanism for salt removal is diffusion. As the salinity of the root zone increases, salt will begin to diffuse downward into the lower salinity water below and upward into tidal water at high tide. The downward diffusion may delay, but will not prevent, the buildup of salt to toxic levels in the root zone. The diffusive flux of salt into overlying tidal water that is needed to balance that driven by evapotranspiration is equal to the evapotranspiration rate times the salinity of the tidal water. For ordinary seawater this would be 8.0 10 3 m d 1 times 35 kg m 3 or 0.28 kg m 2 d . The concentration gradient required to support this flux would be 0.28 kg m 2 d 1 divided by the sediment diffusion coefficient, which is equal to the diffusion coefficient in water times the porosity divided by the tortuosity squared [Berner, 1971]. For a minimum tortuosity of 1.0 (which is generous given the presence of solids and air filled voids in the unsaturated soil) the sediment diffusion coefficient for a marsh soil with a porosity of 0.4 is 40 percent of that for salt in water itself or about 10 4 m d . Accordingly the required concentration gradient is 2800 kg m 3 m . At the depth of minimum water saturation ( 0.25 m Department of Geological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA.


Unemployment and the Family - Joan Aldous and Robert C Tuttle Helping Families with Problems of Unemployment and Underemployment - Katharine Hooper Briar and Kristin Knighton Work and Family - Paul A Kurzman Some Major Dilemmas The Interactive Relationship between Work Life and Family Life - Florence Wexler Vigilante Professional Intervention Addendum - Robert Rice The Evolution of Industrial Social Work in Family Service Agencies Poverty and Families - Shirley L Zimmerman and Catherine S Chilman Helping Families with Income Problems - Jean M Kruzich Problems in Family Financial Management - M Janice Hogan and Jean W Bauer Helping Families with Financial Management Problems - Flora L Williams Public Policies and Families - Catherine S Chilman Public Policies and Families in Financial Trouble - Catherine S Chilman


–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Liquid crystal polymers (LCPs) present a special category of material which straddles the boundary between an ordinary solid and a liquid. From their first discovery in the laboratory to the realization that liquid crystals also exist in biology, these unique molecules are now omnipresent in a broad spectrum of modern-day applications. Different from typical thermoplastics such as polyesters and other aromatic polymers, LCPs have significant higher order structure particularly apparent in their liquid phase. This feature gives LCPs a host of particularly useful material properties such strength, dielectrics, chemical reactivity (resistance), and biocompatibility for medical applications. In this latter vein, Zeus has introduced LCP extruded as a monofilament fiber for use as vascular catheter reinforcement braiding. As a non-metallic braiding, catheters made with LCP monofilament can be used under magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This imaging technique precludes the use of metals, and to date, no widely accepted MRI-compatible catheter has been achieved. Included here is an overview of LCPs, their unique chemical structure and orientation, and their relevance in industry as thermoplastics. We compare LCP monofilament to other catheter braiding materials including stainless steel and multifilament yarn. We show that LCP braiding rivals stainless steel in several areas and offers improved catheter construction. We present that catheters made with LCP monofilament braiding are poised to become the first fully MRI-compatible catheters both for performance and manufacturability. © 2016; 2018 Zeus Industrial Products, Inc.


The first official records of the exploitation of Holothuria scabra in Oman were reported around 10 years ago. Unfortunately, the population of this exploited stock followed the same rapid decline as most exploited population of this sea cucumber elsewhere. H. scabra has always been part of the traditional exploitation of the benthos in Ghubbat Hashish of Mahout Bay but the foreign demand for the product overseas has put increased pressure on the resource and led to overfishing. To fill the need for a management strategy as well as to establish the background studies necessary to assess the aquaculture potential of this species in Oman, it was thus necessary to assess its reproductive biology. The reproductive cycle of H. scabra population in Mahout was determined from monthly variations of the gonad somatic index based on dry weight relationships. Its reproductive status was examined from October 2008 to May 2010 with 15-30 individuals collected monthly. An annual period of reproduction was observed during late spring (pre-monsoon period) when a peak of GI index was recorded at 12% and 9% in April 2009 and 2010, respectively. The size at first maturity was estimated at 16.5 cm which corresponds to approximately 600 g fresh weight. The spawning appeared to be correlated to high temperature and precipitation which both may serve as exogenous cues for H. scabra gamete release. The application of this study in fisheries management and aquaculture is discussed.


A comparative study is conducted between U. S. and Chinese futures markets with a particular focus on the Samuelson hypothesis of the maturity effect. We examine 44 futures markets in the U.S. and 43 futures markets in China between April 1, 1987 and June 1, 2018. Here we examine 16 matched pairs and results for all 87 contracts are reported in an online appendix. Empirical evidence is provided of carry arbitrage activities in only a few U. S. futures markets but no Chinese futures markets. An effort is made to identify the salient structural factors driving the empirical differences identified here. The results are important as an improved understanding of these differences in futures price volatility provides numerous benefits to a host of constituencies.


In this paper, parallel algorithms suitable for the iterative solution of large sets of linear equations are developed. The algorithms based on the well known Gauss Seidel and SOR methods are presented in both synchronous and asynchronous forms. Results obtained using the M.I.M.D. computer at Loughborough University are given, for the model problem of the solution of the Laplace equation within the unit square.


To compare the performance of abbreviated screening breast MRI (ABMR) versus full protocol MRI (FPMR) in women at higher-than-average risk for breast cancer with a prior normal FPMR.

 ABMR was performed on higher-than-average-risk women who had a prior normal FPMR. ABMR protocol consisted of short inversion time inversion recovery imaging, precontrast, and two early postcontrast sequences acquired in under 10 minutes. Retrospective review of ABMR examinations performed from July 2016 to July 2018 was compared with a control group who underwent routine screening with FPMR who had a prior normal FPMR performed from July 2014 to June 2016. Screening outcome metrics were calculated and compared, adjusting for differences in patient demographics.

 The study cohort included 481 ABMR examinations, while the control group included 440 FPMR studies. There was no significant difference in the abnormal interpretation rate (AIR) or cancer detection rate (CDR) for the ABMR versus the FPMR group (AIR 6.0% vs 6.8% respectively, odds ratio (OR) 0.91, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.53–1.5, P = 0.73; CDR 8.3 vs 11 cancers detected per 1000 examinations respectively, OR 0.73, 95% CI: 0.20–2.7, P = 0.64). The PPV2 and PPV3 for the ABMR group was 19% and 21% versus 16% and 16% for the FPMR group, with no statistical difference. Sensitivity was 100% in each group with no interval cancers. There was no difference in specificity between the ABMR and FPMR groups, 93% versus 94%, respectively (P = 0.73).

 ABMR may be used to screen higher-than-average-risk women with a prior normal FPMR as outcome metrics are equivalent to FPMR.


the twenty-first century, the digital journalism breaks the linear and unidirectional communication from a principle that was raised, generating a trend for the production of content hypermedia, hypertext and interactive.
However, with the constant development of new technologies and with easy access to the information every time less costly, it would defy to the saturation of information as its main disadvantage, applying a series of changes to the routines of traditional journalism and whose success will depend on the balance between the quality of the journalist in accordance with the new challenge and to the digital media, in terms of the credibility as digital medium before the audience through the journalistic information it publishes.
It is as well that objective of this research is to distinguish as work is being done on digital journalism at present in the journals indexed in the database Redalyc from 2012 to 2015.
Posing is whether the digital media can generate journalistic content without forgetting the fundamental principles of this exercise as journalistic ethics and the responsibility to inform.
In this way, converted to digital scenario as the new object of study and research at present by the myriad of innov


The principal axis projection (PAP) technique developed for robust image representation has been optimized for delicate grayscale image recognition. The PAP technique utilizes the edge information in four principal directions in an image, and generates a feature vector very well preserving the human-perception of the similarity with a great dimensionality reduction. The optimization was carried out for the algorithm in determining the edge-detection threshold, projecting edge flags onto principal axes, and smoothing vector elements. The number of templates for image recognition was also optimized utilizing the generalized Lloyd algorithm. As a result, the cephalometric landmark identification, one of the most important clinical practices in orthodontics of dentistry, was successfully carried out.


Professor Howard Morphy has won the prestigous fellowhip through the Kenneth and Harle Montgomery Endowment for a Fall residency at Dartmouth College in Hanover, New Hampshire.  His residency is  from 1 September until 20 December 2012 and while there, Howard will also present the Montgomery lecture on Friday, 19 October, at Dartmouth.  Howard's lecture is entitled The Djan'kawu Sisters at Yalangbara: Material Expressions of Ancestral Agency.
See Professor Morphy's profile.


Adolescence is the key period of physiological and psychological development with psychological and emotional conflicts,and behavioral problems.Violence behavior is one of the prominant problems.This articie discussed the factors of violence by the story of teenage violence from perspectives family,school and society and individual.In the end,the essential factor of violence is that these teenagers lack adequate social skills.Therefore,we can use "life skills training and cognitive behavioral to prevent and reduce teenagers violence.


To main device of wireless home networks—Gateway, and ARM Core 32 bits high performance microprocessor embedded operation system μCOSⅡ based system is designed. Building home inner network that is personal area network (PAN) using Bluetooth technology; Meanwhile and using 2.5G mobile communication GPRS to make outer transmission network. Therefore mobile、functional、low cost、advanced wireless home gateway is acquired.


This paper explores the general perception that the Malaysian stock market is influenced by leading overseas stock markets. Employing correlation analysis comparison was made between the performance ofBiirsa Malaysia's
Composite Index and six stock market indices namely Straits Times Index, Hang Seng Index, Nikkei 225 Stock Average, Australia All Ordinaries Index, Dow Jones Industrial Average Index and Financial Times 100 Index. This study also seeks to determine ifthere is any significant stability ofcorrelations over time. These indices were studied over a period offifteen years from I January 1990 to 31 December 2004, beginning with the cessation oftrading
ofMalaysian shares on the Singapore stock exchange, which is synonymous with the pre-Asian financial crisis period, the crisis period and a post crisis period of almost five years. The study found that the, daily returns of the
Composite Index over the period is positively co-related with the foreign indices indicating that the markets were moving in the same direction, in other words there is interdependency between the stock markets. However, the low to moderate correlation refutes the belief that the Malaysian stock market is influenced by the performance ofthe major stock markets. The study also found that generally the correlations are unstable over lime.


Reaction of the lithium salt of N-phosphorylated thiourea [4′-benzo-15-crown-5]NHC(S)NHP(O)(OiPr)2 (HLI) with NiII leads to the chelate complex [NiLI2]. The metal center is found in a square-planar N2S2 environment formed by the CS sulfur atoms and the P–N nitrogen atoms of two deprotonated LI ligands. Reaction of [NiLI2] and its non-crown ether-containing analog Ni[PhNHC(S)NP(O)(OiPr)2]2 ([NiLII2]) with 2,2′-bipyridine (bipy) and 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) leads to the [Ni(bipy)LI,II2] and [Ni(phen)LI,II2] heteroligand complexes. The coordination mode is preserved for the phosphorus-containing ligands. The extraction properties of the crown ether-containing compounds towards alkali metal picrates were investigated. The molecular structures of HLI, [NiLI2] and [Ni(bipy)LII2] were elucidated by X-ray diffraction.


The paper discusses objectives, priorities and actions of the national energy policy in the short and long term to deal with the new environmental challenges and a European and international context in continuous evolution. The national energetic strategy must take into account three fundamental objectives: security of energy supplies; energy efficiency and diversification; environmental protection into the framework of the european laws and ties. The priorities and the lines of action of an hypothetical sustainable energy policy would surely concern the demand of energy as well as the offer of energy; while other actions would have to refer to the factors of energy policy. Finally great importance should be attributed to the governance of national the energy system, technological innovation, and search of the social consent.


This article addresses the question of how the plurality of actors and subjects in Swiss China policy at the executive level affects the coherence of foreign policy towards China at the strategic policy level. The analysis is based on a legal and qualitative examination of the institutional foundations, evaluates the content of the relevant strategy papers and primary sources from the federal administration, while qualitative interviews allow it to be contextualized in the area of China policy. The results show that the legal basis favors the plurality of actors in Swiss China policy and thus the independence of the actors, which means that interdepartmental cooperation and the constellation of parties and persons in the Federal Council play an important role. Together with the vague overall strategic concept of the Federal Constitution, this ultimately promotes the emergence of intentional incoherence in the sense of different China policies within the federal executive.


Safety ventilation management an important measure of preventing coal mine accidents, which requires the effective co-ordination of the majority of workers, managers and the country. Discusses the effective role of safety ventilation management of coal mine for the pre-control of accidents.


Fruit quality and yield of blueberry were studied in different ecological conditions.The results showed that annual average temperature,annual solar hours and annual precipitation have the most important relationship with fruit quality and yield.Temperature has a negative influence on content of soluble sugar,a positive influence on content of total acid and SSC,influences on other indices are different according to blueberry cultivars.Annual solar hours have a positive influence on content of soluble sugar,W./O.F.and content of Vc,but has a negative influence on content of total acid.Based on the relationship between fruit quality,yield and ecological factors,a multiple regression equation of different blueberry cultivars was established by using multiple regression analysis.


Two-pore domain background K? channels are widely believed to play an important role in maintaining and regulating neuronal excitability. We studied whether riluzole-sensitive background K? channels are functionally expressed in dorsal root ganglion (DRG). DRG neurons were dissociated from 1 day rats and electrophysiological recording was performed using a patch-clamp amplifier. Inside-out patches and cellattached membrane patches were voltage clamped at a constant potential (mainly -60 mV) in symmetrical 150 mM K? solutions. The recorded K? channels in DRG neurons was determined to be TRAAK, as judged by its electrophysiological bursting kinetics and activation by membrane stretch, free fatty acids, intracellular alkalosis and riluzole. These data suggest that DRG neurons possess a riluzole sensitive background current which shares several pharmacological and electrophysiological properties with recently cloned two-pore K? channels, particularly TRAAK.


Calculation of a mitochondrial DNA "clock" requires knowledge of an average generation time in a population or human ethnic group. Previous studies of the human mitochondrial DNA clock used a range of generation time estimates without any concrete knowledge of how generation times might vary by ethnicity. In this study, I document new data suggesting a historically faster generation time in Africans, which may explain why African people groups tend to harbor more mitochondrial DNA differences than non-African groups. These results underscore the biblical model of human origins in which the major ethnic groups originate simultaneously at the Tower of Babel event, and these findings simultaneously undercut the validity of the evolutionary out-of-Africa model.


This study aims to determine the perception of mentees on the effectiveness of
mentoring system in Faculty of Economic and Business (FEB). This study also
examines the relationship between demographic factors and perception towards
mentoring system in academic achievement, personal development and career
planning.This research is using quantitative research method that is survey
questionnaire. 67 respondents were chosen that from FEB second year and third year
student at UNIMAS using Luck, Taylor and Robin (1987) formula. SPSS version 12.0, which is T-test and ANO
VA, is used to analyze the data. The findings of the research showed that there are no significant relationships between the demographic factors
and mentees'
perception on the effectiveness of mentoring system in terms of
academic achievement, personal development and career planning.


The selection of gold nanomaterials (GNMs) for potential use in photothermal therapeutic applications depends on a few parameters including their morphology, size, and surface functionalization. We...


Abstract— The electrical properties of SrS:Ce thin‐film electroluminescent (TFEL) devices were studied. Photo‐irradiation effects on capacitance‐voltage and charge‐voltage characteristics of SrS:Ce TFEL devices were measured and compared with those of ZnS: Mn devices. For the SrS:Ce device, the polarization charge due to the positive space charge was estimated to be 0.94 μC/cm2. This polarization charge was remarkably reduced by photo‐irradiation. For the ZnS: Mn TFEL device, the polarization charge due to the positive space charge was 0.66 μC/cm2. However, the reduction of the polarization charge by photo‐irradiation was small compared to that of the SrS:Ce device. The unique electrical and optical characteristics observed in the SrS:Ce TFEL devices such as relaxation of phosphor field and leading‐ and trailing‐edge emissions are considered as functions of the large amount of space charge and also due to the electron emission from electron traps and electron recapture by the traps.


Objective: This paper aimed to study the effects of advanced nursing on temporary pacemaker installation during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) treatment for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods: Ninetytwo patients with AMI admitted to Zhucheng People's Hospital from January 2017 to August 2018 were enrolled for a retrospective analysis. They were treated with PCI during which temporary pacemakers were installed. According to nursing methods, the patients were divided into a control group (45 cases received routine nursing interventions) and an observation group (47 cases received advanced nursing interventions). They were compared with respect to their prognostic outcomes, incidence of complications, nursing satisfaction, and negative emotions and quality of life before and after nursing. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the success rate of temporary pacemaker installation between the control and observation groups (P>0.05). The retention time of pacemakers, the number of patients undergoing permanent pacemaker implantation, the number of patients with pacemaker perception dysfunction, and the number of patients with Ron-t were significantly less in the observation group (all P<0.05). Patients in the observation group had significantly higher nursing satisfaction (all P<0.05), and significantly lower SAS and SDS scores after nursing (all P<0.05). After nursing, scores of self-care ability, physical condition, mental health and social function were significantly higher in the observation group (all P<0.001). After nursing, the incidence of complications such as infection, electrode displacement, cardiac catheter thrombosis, hypotension after reperfusion, and severe bradyarrhythmia was significantly lower in the observation group (all P<0.05). Conclusion: The application of advanced nursing to temporary pacemaker installation during the PCI treatment for AMI has higher safety, and can significantly enhance the surgical effect on the patients and improve their prognosis, quality of life, and nursing satisfaction.


(57) Abstract: over heterogeneous catalyst containing hectorite, characterized tetrahydrofuran to polymerize in the presence of at least one telogen and / or comonomer, polytetrahydrofuran, polytetrahydrofuran copolymers or diesters of these polymers or a method for producing a monoester.


The aim of this research is to investigate the issue of asymmetry of the credit market determinants of bank loans between the CEE-11 countries (Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Rumania) and the other countries (Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Greece, Italy, Spain, the Netherlands, Ireland, Luxembourg, Germany, Portugal, Sweden, the United Kingdom) after the global financial crisis (GFC) of 2008. For the analysis, we used annual bank-level data which is collected from the BankSope Orbis database and macroeconomic data on GDP growth from the European Central Bank. The panel data covers the period 2011–2016 and regards commercial banks and savings banks that operated in the EU countries. Using the methodology of panel regression (fe), this study finds differences in the determinants of growth in loans for two groups of countries after the global financial crisis.


In this paper, we review some of our ARPES results on the superconducting and pseudo gaps in Bi 2Sr2CaCu2O8þx. We find that optimally and overdoped samples exhibit a d-wave gap, which closes at the same temperature, Tc, for all k points. In underdoped samples, a leading edge gap is found up to a temperature T * . Tc. We find thatT scales with the maximum low temperature gap, increasing as the doping is reduced. The momentum dependence of the pseudogap is similar to that of the superconducting gap; however, the pseudogap closes at different temperatures for different k points.q 1998 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved


Abstract Increasing global competition on product quality and production costs, and the need for flexibility in production petition for transformed production processes which enable high level of connectivity and integration between business processes and systems. Much of the conventional computer- integrated efforts and advanced manufacturing technologies are limited in scope and restricted to only some organisational areas. Such limited scope, which stems from limited connectivity and integration between manufacturing and enterprise systems, confines the achievement of full potential of these systems within manufacturing. Industry 4.0, characterised by computing developments, can create a platform for addressing integration challenge through enabling comprehensive connectivity. Hence, this paper, through following deductive research paradigm and using systems theory as the theoretical base, aims to investigate recent academic research and industrial reports in the area of Industry 4.0 and smart manufacturing to provide detailed insights on execution of Industry 4.0, and to propose a theoretical framework for operationalisation of Industry 4.0 in manufacturing.


Virtue is fundamental to guarantee the self- fulfillment of every human person. However, when we talk about virtue, in the thought of Thomas Aquinas, those cardinals tend to be mentioned (prudence, justice, fortitude and temperance) and the social ones are abdicated, which are equally fundamental for all human person be self-fulfilled and, at the same time, contribute to ensuring the good social harmony and vice versa. Perhaps, by approaching them, we can find answers to the current social crisis and, thus, how we must behave in order to preserve common good.


argument has broad-ranging implications, as emotionally familiar entry points are needed to understand and empathize with culturally unfamiliar textual entities. Combining TWT and Stockwell's (2009) model of literary resonance, McLoughlin schematizes the new mobilities paradigms in a detailed analysis of two Eavan Boland poems (Chapter 15). The chapter demonstrates how TWT can be used to represent contrasting versions of reality: the first poem is concerned with the simultaneous presence and absence of the narrator, whilst the second deals with the present versus the past. The addition of literary resonance to McLoughlin's methodology illustrates how the relationships between contrasting worlds are managed through shifts in time or perspective. Poems that re-experience the past from the present perspective can be better understood through this approach. Gavins closes the collection in Chapter 16 by applying TWT to 'Hide and Seek' by Jacob Polley, skilfully demonstrating what TWT does best. She shows how repetitive negation and an unidentified first-person narrator create unease in the reader. Emphasizing the recurring tension between presence, absence and loss in the poem, demonstrated by negated text-worlds and negative shading, Gavins concludes that 'Hide and Seek' is an apophatic poem. Gavins's exposition is an enjoyable read, not least for its rigorous analysis of the text's regularities and dissonances, and the effect it had on her as a reader. In short, this book was a pleasure to read. Though some chapters were more personally appealing than others, I have no doubt that this volume will interest many, not least because it includes contributions from a range of established and up-and-coming scholars in stylistics. Though the inclusion of a concluding chapter drawing together the theoretical contributions of the volume would have been a useful means of synthesizing the range of reforms and suggestions posited by contributors, World Building makes a major contribution to the field of cognitive stylistics. By showcasing the adaptability of worldsbased theoretical models, the contributors demonstrate the need for constant reform in response to innovative research needs in stylistics.


This expository text tries to explain briefly and not too technically the notions of stack and algebraic stack, emphasizing as an example the moduli stack of vector bundles on an algebraic curve.


e13600 Background: Vorinostat is an orally active histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, approved by the FDA for the treatment of cutaneous manifestations of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma in patients wh...


According to the legislation in force, in Romania there are 11 first rank cities that given their size, their importance, the level of services and the economic activity, represent attractions and are subjected to the development pressures. Still, according to the European tendencies, the urban agglomerations tend to approach this type of cooperation regardless the number of the inhabitants. Currently in Romania there are 11 great cities that have developed processes of organizing the metropolitan areas corresponding to them. Among them, two have already created metropolitan areas: Oradea (2001) and Iasi (2004), both with the assistance of programs financed by USAID.


The three dams that make up the 800,000 acre-ft (987 million m³) Eastside Reservoir in Riverside County, California, required extensive foundation excavation and careful placement of embankment material to enclose portions of two valleys between a pair of bedrock ridges.


We have determined the nickel 2P3/2 binding energies of various nickel complexes, including dicarbollide complexes in which the nickel ostensibly has oxidation states of +3 and +4. significant of the


Encyclia section Leptophylium Dressler & Pollard is a monophyletic group that must be raised to generic status to keep sister clades equally ranked. The generic name Oestlundia is proposed for this clade in honor of Karl Erik Magnus Ostlund. New combinations are made for Oestlundia cyanocolumna, O. distantiflora, O. luteorosea, and O. tenuissima.


Online versions of traditional face‐to‐face (F2F) courses at post‐secondary institutions have become prevalent due to increased enrollment in undergraduate programs. While many studies assess the impact of online delivery formats on student outcomes, fewer examine how teaching online affects instructors. An online section of a traditional F2F undergraduate anatomy course with a prosection laboratory commenced in 2012–13 at Western University Canada. Lectures for F2F students were broadcast in both live and archived format to online students using Blackboard Collaborate virtual classroom software (BBC). Laboratories were delivered online by a teaching assistant (TA) who manipulated 3‐dimensional (3D) anatomical computer models in BBC. The objectives of this study were to reveal instructor perceptions of teaching online and suggest modifications for future years. Online instructors (4 professors; 5 TAs) who taught during the first two course offerings participated in individual open‐ended interviews. Emergent themes were generated from a content analysis of interview transcripts (2 independent coders; Fleiss' kappa = 0.82). The major emergent theme encompassed issues pertaining to teaching without seeing the learner. The instructors were unable to use non‐verbal student feedback (e.g body language) during a lesson to assess engagement (N = 8) and understanding (N = 4). The instructors identified additional methods of communication (email, instant messaging and drawing in BBC) to be sufficient when initiated by students (N = 6). The impact of BBC use on teaching practices was also discussed. Preparation time for teaching online was longer than for F2F, although the difference was not substantial (N=7). Though BBC was reliable and easy to use for lecture broadcasts, all professors noted that it impeded their mobility in the lecture hall, thus it was perceived that interaction with the F2F students decreased. In the online laboratory, live desktop sharing of 3D models in BBC was not possible due to the quality of students' internet connection speeds; however, the majority of TAs (N = 3) found pedagogical value in the students drawing on screen captures of 3D models to communicate understanding. In the future, mandatory synchronous participation through instant messaging may improve feedback to instructors on student engagement and understanding, though it might not be feasible due to schedule conflicts. It is recommended that online instructors organize frequent formative student assessments to obtain feedback on engagement and understanding.


Abkhazia and Chechnya are both examples of de facto-states; that is they both function as independent states but they have no sovereignty as they are stil officialy parts of their parent states Georgia and Russia. They both fought and won wars of independence in the early 90s, but since then their trajectories have taken separate directions. Abkhazia still functions as a de facto-state while Chechnya fought a second war against Russia that they lost, thus their days as a de facto-state are numbered. The aim of this comparative study is to explain this difference in outcomes. To do this I will apply Kolsto's analytical model that examines five factors that sustain de facto-states. These are 1) symbolic nation building; 2) military power; 3) the weakness of the parent state; 4) external patron and 5) the role of the international community. I will also examine a factor of my own; 6) democratization.
My conclusion is that Russia is the main reason why the outcome differs in the case Abkhazia as opposed to Chechnya. Russia has enabled Abkhazia's existence as a de facto-state by functioning as an external patron. It has enhanced Abkhazia's military power while also weakening the parent state Georgia. In the case of Chechnya, Russia is a rather strong parent state, deterring potential external patrons.


Steganography assumes extremely significant part in the field of data covering up for mystery correspondence. It is a secret correspondence to conceal mystery information in spread media (e.g. content, sound, video, picture and so on). Steganography works in Spatial and Transform domain. Spatial domain achieves better capacity but low robustness while Transform domain achieves robustness along with capacity upto some level. Steganography triad states that it is not feasible to achieve more than two properties in a single approach. Proposed approach enhances capacity and robustness of image steganography using Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), Lifted wavelet Transform (LWT) and Singular Value Decomposition (SVD). Experimental result shows embedding capacity and robustness against different attacks. Bits per pixel, correlation and PSNR are the parameters used to measure capacity and robustness.


With the rapid development of higher education in China,the conflict between the widening scope of higher education and the inadequate input becomes outstanding.Social donation,as an important approach to the shortage of fund for higher education,is restricted by a lot of factors concerning tax policy and poses several problems to the present tax policy system.To perfect donation tax policy system to higher education in China,the measures should be taken,as amplifying organization to regulate administration and realize the efficient operation;fully starting the project of supporting fund for donation;encouraging direct donation to institutes of higher education;taking turnover tax and income tax renovation;beginning the levying of inheritance and gift tax.


Review the document of migraine model,analyze the method of making models and bring forward the idea of establishing migraine rat model with the character of different phase.


In the new era,China is experiencing a time of both strategic opportunities and growing social conflicts.In the course of rapid economic development,the social order is likely to be out of control.To address such modern crisis,unify reforms,development,and stability,and optimize state administration system,it is necessary to reflect and explore in the area of political control.The current research on Chinese political control is comprehensive and empirical,but with the emphasis on unilateral political control.Different from the narrow understanding of this concept,we look into both the control of society by government,and the control of government by society.The equilibrium of such bidirectional political control contributes to the stability of political development and national healthy growth.


Bacterial response regulators are key regulatory proteins that function as the final elements of so‐called two‐component signaling systems. The activities of response regulators in vivo are modulated by phosphorylation that results from interactions between the response regulator and its cognate histidine protein kinase. The level of response regulator phosphorylation, which is regulated by intra‐or extracellular signals sensed by the histidine protein kinase, ultimately determines the output response that is initiated or carried out by the response regulator. We have recently hypothesized that in the OmpR/PhoB subfamily of response regulator transcription factors, this activation involves a common mechanism of dimerization using a set of highly conserved residues in the α4–β5–α5 face. Here we report the X‐ray crystal structures of the regulatory domains of response regulators TorR (1.8 Å), Ca2+‐bound KdpE (2.0 Å), and Mg2+/BeF3−‐bound KdpE (2.2 Å), both members of the OmpR/ PhoB subfamily from Escherichia coli. Both regulatory domains form symmetric dimers in the asymmetric unit that involve the α4–β5–α5 face. As observed previously in other OmpR/PhoB response regulators, the dimer interfaces are mediated by highly conserved residues within this subfamily. These results provide further evidence that most all response regulators of the OmpR/ PhoB subfamily share a common mechanism of activation by dimerization.


In this issue of Blood Transfusion, Carlo Petrini, Head of the Bioethics Unit of the National Institute of Health in Italy, reviews the ethical implications for blood and plasma donors involved in supplying plasma for the production of plasma-derived medicinal products1. There has been constant debate on this topic for a long time now, particularly regarding voluntary non-remunerated donations (VNRD) as opposed to paid donations. However, whereas issues regarding patients' safety, donors' safety and the impact on blood and plasma supply to meet patients' needs have been extensively discussed2–4, the ethical values underpinning this debate have hardly been considered in the recent past. In this respect, the article by Carlo Petrini, much inspired by the Nuffield Council on Bioethics report on "Human bodies: donation for medicine and research"5, brings a renewed vision of these ethical values which it is important to share with the "blood community" and all other concerned stakeholders. With two other recent reviews on this topic6,7, the article by Carlo Petrini first brings insight into the ethical values involved and then provides helpful clarification of the related terminology. Finally, he offers the possibility of carrying out an ethical evaluation, using the tool described by the Nuffield Council report5.


Competitive neutrality requires the governments to treat public and private enterprises with no discrimination. There are basically three forms of promoting competitive neutrality:(1) through domestic legislation;(2) through "Best Practices"or "Guidelines"by international organizations;(3) by RTAs or FTAs. Different forms reflect varying positions and pursuit. China can respond in both international and domestic dimensions. At the international dimension, China can pursue the "substantive fairness"of global competition, persist the difference of competitive neutrality as domestic reform measures and international binding rules, and propose propositions meeting its own needs when participating in FTA negotiations. At the domestic dimension, in the short term China can explore competitive neutrality within the domestic Free Trade Area, and in the long term China shall build its own competitive neutrality system.


In the research of optimization modeling about aircraft engine vibration performance,engine mounting system is an important subsystem in the vibration system of the aircraft,and its performance directly affects the overall performance of the aircraft. To solve the aero-engine problem about too big vibration displacement,the overall system performance optimization was carried out,hyperelastic constitutive theory of rubber materials and finite element modeling techniques of rubber isolator were analyzed and discussed,and the static characteristics of a single rubber component were analyzed using Ansys,which verified the credibility of the results of the simulation compared with the experimental results. Then,the impact of axial pre-compression on the overall stiffness of the isolator and the displacement amplitude was focused on,and the displacement amplitude,the engine vibration transfer rate and the fatigue properties of rubber materials were studied,which identified that choosing the best axial compression of the vibration isolator can provide the basis for the optimization of the whole performance of the suspension system.


Using laser scattering a new method is developed to study the particle properties in multiple particle field.The scattering medium is the suspension with various concentrations,consists of particles whose diameter is 0.22 μm or 0.494 μm,and then suspended in filtered distilled water.The laser adopted has wavelength 0.632 8 μm.The experiment results indicate that the diameter of particle has intimate connection with the depolarization of side-scattered light,that is,the polarization degree of horizontal polarization for the smaller particles is much higher than that of the larger particles,while the result is exactly the reverse for the vertical polarization.The conclusion can be used to detect the properties of the unknown particle in the multiple particle field,especially the particle's size.


The present invention relates to a method of providing location information service, which consists of the steps of: a communication service from a server to the user terminal about a particular step of requesting the terminal location information service person; the communication service server asking for authorization to the above-described specific person terminal user location information; a step if the specific person terminal approved authorization from said user using the location information, the communication service server the inquiry step the location information authorized to use the deadline to said specific person terminal; the specific person set the position by the terminal after the information is authorized to use the period, the communication service server within the time limit, the step of providing location information on the specific person terminal and services to the user. Thus, when requesting person authorized to use the location information of itself to a specific, authorized to use the set period, the period is disclosed only position information used in the above authorization, is not unnecessarily leaked private information.


With the development of network technology, the music recommendation system has also developed rapidly, and the online music platform has become the first choice for people to listen to music. However, music recommendation systems also face some problems, such as data storage confusion, low computing efficiency, cold start and data sparsity caused by the huge data size. In this paper, the music classification model of serial mode joint convolution neural network and cyclic neural network model CURNN is adopted, and the algorithm of user rating matrix for music is established using the hidden data of user playing history for subsequent recommendation. A hybrid recommendation model combining collaborative filtering and music attribute recommendation is designed. The hybrid recommendation model uses a weighting method to increase the weight of the collaborative filtering model when users have rich listening history, and increase the weight of the music attribute model when users have little listening history. It has high flexibility in different music recommendation scenarios.


Huntington's disease is caused by a genetic condition which has thus far escaped being understood in spite of years of research. The importance of the disease to those in medical and educational professions is great because of its devastating effects on the family unit. It is a disease for which there is no cure and no treatment other than supportive care as the disease progresses. Because the disease does not manifest itself until the fourth or fifth decade of life, the person who develops it has probably already married and had children. Since the condition is passed from parent to child in an autosomal dominant way, fully 50% of the children stand at risk of having the disease. Neurological disorders and psychological problems are the first sign the family has and these are often mistaken for other conditions, such as alcoholism. As the disease progresses, the family spends thousands of dollars on needed care and often insurance companies or other health plans will not cover these needs.

Nurses need to be aware of the long-term plight faced by a family with this condition whose only hope, at the present time, is prevention through education during the early years about the genetic component and counselling in the child-bearing years.

Early diagnosis could save countless problems for families as far as future planning of the patient at risk, for family planning and for the provision of resources for the possibility of costly medical expenses. Some families have been the brunt of needless scorn because a family member was suspected of drug or alcohol abuse by an uninformed public. Misdiagnosis, because of a group of symptoms similar to those in other conditions such as schizophrenia, has led to years of useless treatment for the wrong disorder.

Since genetic disease is such a big factor in health care today, it would seem that human genetics should be added, in a basic way, to the science curriculum of school children. It should become a part, in a more advanced way, of every nursing and medical programme. Public education for those who have not been exposed to this disease and others like it can best be done through the media of print.


One of the important differences between the precipitation reactions of Meinicke, Sachs and Georgi, Dryer and Ward and that proposed by the author 1 , 2 is that in the last reaction, the amount of normal salt solution is reduced to a minimum. It was early observed, when adding given amounts of serum and antigen to a series of tubes and subsequently adding increasing amounts of normal salt solution to that series, that the degree of precipitation following incubation is inversely proportional to the amount of salt solution added. The tube, for example, which contains serum and antigen without salt solution may show marked precipitation after 1 hour incubation; the one which contains 0.2 c.c. may show moderate precipitation while the one which contains 0.4 c.c. of salt solution may show no precipitation after the same period of incubation. The above table illustrates this point. The question presented itself whether the delay in precipitation in those tubes which received salt solution as indicated in the table was due to sodium chloride or the element of dilution. A series of experiments was thereupon carried out employing distilled water, 0.425 per cent. and 2 per cent. sodium chloride solutions and the regular antigen mixture employed in the tests. The results in each case were similar to that obtained with normal salt solution, indicating that the delaying effect is produced by the dilution element and not by the sodium chloride. Of particular interest is the finding that the addition of increasing amounts of antigen exerts the same retarding effect on precipitation as, for example, distilled water or normal salt solution.


Today at management system engineering by metallurgical processes used to special methods of the control theory such as optimal, nejro-fuzzy and adaptive methods. First of all, it is connected with increase of problems complexity maintained in control process. In article possibility of application of neural networks is considered at improvement of a control system by process of mine roasting of limestone, are described the neural network scheme controls and the basic stages of its construction.


Objective:To use the CT image for correct diagnosis of the illness in sellea region.Methods:To make the CT image and sectional specimen of cerebral cranium by contrast, to analyse the CT image of supersellae cistern in number 104 patients.Results:The CT image of supersellae present the different shapes: four corners-star; five corners-star; six corners-star.Conclusion:To prove the shapes of supersellae to be associated with position of cerebral cranium when taking CT image. The boder of supersellae are different in varying shapes. The content of supersellae are different too. The big or small supersellae and present sectional plane have distinct different in varying body and ages.


Experts from the building community discuss energy design changes here that make this possible and emphasize the owner as a team member in fulfilling the building's potential. Many observers believe the now-voluntary Building Energy Performance Standards, with their emphasis on regional energy budgets and tradeoff approach to design, were at least partly responsible for promoting such cooperation. Designers believe the most-significant energy advances to come from the 1960s and 1970s are, in combination: more-efficient mechanical systems, energy-management systems, designers analyzing more carefully the energy flow of a building, careful looking for heat-recovery applications, looking for energy factors geared to geography such as evaporative cooling, and architecturally orienting buildings to use daylight and thermal mass. New, reliable design tools such as computer simulations for predicting performance are greatly improved, as are energy-management techniques. An example of energy-efficient design that represents, not curtailment conservation, but substitution of technology and design expertise for curtailment, is the Georgia Power Co. Atlanta headquarters building. Built as a symbol of conservation, it successfully serves as a sort of energy laboratory and as an example of energy efficiency. Consumption data for the Georgia Power Building are given. 5 figures.


The properties of solitary kinetic Alfven waves (SKAWs) in a finite β plasma with three dimensional non-extensive electrons are investigated. Numerical results show that there only exists sub-Alfvenic hump type SKAW. The down limit of the Alfven Mach number Mz for the existence of SKAW increases with the increase of β. Whereas, it varies non-monotonously with respect to electron nonextensive parameter q for a given β. In the range of Mz where SKAWs exist for different values of q, a bigger q results in a denser soliton structure, making the magnitude of the static electric field along the background magnetic field enhanced. However, the dependence of the amplitudes of the perpendicular magnetic and electric field on q is non-monotonous.


Background: Nitric oxide (NO) and epoprostenol (EPO) are inhaled therapies for pulmonary hypertension. The most common diluents for EPO, glycine (GLY) and arginine (ARG), have a pH of 11-13. pH > 10 has been shown to cause cessation of ciliary beating, cell sloughing, and inhibition of airway drug transport. The effects of EPO-GLY and EPO-ARG on airway epithelia are unknown. NO has been reported to be conditionally pro- or anti-inflammatory. NO donor compounds have disparate effects upon inflammatory mediators in airway cells, but this has not been evaluated in response to NO gas. We hypothesized that EPO-GLY and EPO-ARG would increase inflammatory markers in airway epithelia and that NO exposure would not increase the production of inflammatory markers. Methods: Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium (Figure 1) were exposed to NO (20 ppm), EPO-GLY (30 ng/mL), EPO-ARG (30 ng/mL), GLY, ARG, or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, control). pH of each solution was measured immediately prior to exposure; PBS pH was 7.0, EPO-GLY and GLY pH was 12, EPO-ARG and ARG pH was 12.9. We harvested cell media and lysate for measurement of inflammatory markers. Ciliary beat was observed at each time interval using light microscopy. High-definition video images were recorded. Post-processing included noise reduction and point-feature matching to enhance visualization of cell movement. Ciliary cell clusters were directly observed and ciliary beat frequency (CBF) calculated for each experiment. Results: In all cells exposed to GLY, EPO-GLY, ARG, and EPO-ARG ciliary beat decreased immediately (p Conclusions: Apical exposure of EPO-GLY, EPO-ARG, GLY, or ARG causes ciliary beat cessation and cell death in NHBE cells.


A quantitative measure is described for determining the extent to which obtained patterns of movement among programs in a mental health system reflect goals for client movement. The measure combines the probability of a particular move with a numerical value reflecting the desirability of that move. Characteristics of the measure are discussed.


Compressed sensing(CS) is a novel theoretical framework for information acquisition and processing. Taking advantages of the sparsity or compressibility of the signals inherent in the real world, compressed sensing can collect compressed data at the sampling rate much lower than that needed in Shannon's theorem based on random measurement matrix. This technique is used in medical imaging to accelerate MRI's scanning speed, reduce radiation dosage and alleviate patients' suffering. The whole process of the proposed algorithm was as follows: firstly, the wavelet transform was applied to achieve sparse representation of medical images and reserve certain parts with maximal coefficients; secondly, the reconstruction based on CS theory were achieved according to the improved optimized orthogonal matching pursuit(OOMP) algorithm; finally, maximum intensity projection algorithm was used to achieve three-dimensional volume reconstruction. The experimental results demonstrated that our proposed twodimensional reconstruction method was accurate and effective, which was verified qualitatively by the local detail magnification of images and quantitatively by peak signalto-noise ratio and sectional comparison. Therefore, the three-dimensional reconstruction can be rather helpful in clinic diagnosis and treatment.


This environmental assessment focuses on the parks' tourism development, infrastructure development, and productive components under the Regional Development in the Copan Valley Project, whose main objective is to develop an archaeological/ecological tourist route, within protected areas in Honduras. The project design will take into consideration appropriate environmental protection, to include as well appropriate site selection for the construction works, roads, and access roads rehabilitation, installation of power lines, and facilities at large. The criteria for site selection should take into account the national, state, and municipal regulations to prevent adversity on rural lands, road alignments, and land potentially prone to flooding, earthquakes, or soil erosion, while existing flora and fauna should be protected within its natural habitats. In addition, land tenure issues that may potentially hamper land acquisition due to legal problems, should be considered early on, including any social issue that may arise. Construction works will comply with specifications contained in the bidding documents, which stipulate the following activities within the project area, will be banned: deforestation; fires; hunting, and/or fishing activities; degradation of natural vegetation; and, damage on architectural, or cultural heritage sites. Solid waste disposal shall follow strict environmental regulations, to be disposed of at selected landfills (located at a minimum of 300 meters from rivers or wetlands), or, if lubricants, oil, or metals, appropriately separated, and recycled or stored in appropriate bins, respectively. Protective barriers should be installed to contain soil erosion, particularly along roadsides, slopes, and land excavation perimeters, while continual spraying of construction surfaces should control air pollution. Further mitigation addresses traffic safety measures, noise abatement, public awareness campaigns, and environmental monitoring, and supervision activities.


The aim of the research was to study antianginal effectiveness of If channel inhibitor and its influence on myocardial perfusion in patients with CHD associated with COLD. The study was undertaken in 39 patients with CHD and COLD. General clinical and special research methods were used (echocardiography, loading test, radioisotopic examination, spirometry). With the help of random sampling technique patients were divided into 2 groups. Patients of both groups were treated with traditional medicine, but 1st group patients also received ivabradine. The given therapy led to the improvement of clinical implications of stenocardia manifested in the reduction of anginal episodes and short range nitrates need, increase in physical tolerance and myocardial perfusion. Positive dynamics of clinical implications of coronary insufficiency was more expressed in patients who received ivabradine, than in 2nd group patients. According to spirometry data none of the groups displayed worsening of external respiration function.


The present invention belongs to one kind of composite protein-polyacrylonitrile fiber and its production process. The said composite fiber has protein distributed homogeneously in polyacrylonitrile and has a protein content of 10-40 % and a polyacrylonitrile content of 60-90 %. It is produced through solution mixing and wet spinning process including the steps of extracting protein from soybean or hair, mixing and dissolution and wet spinning. The protein has wide material source, and the wet spinning process may be completed through conventional Nitrilon producing path.


US residents on travel to dengue‐endemic areas 1 should be briefed about the basics of the vector biology of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus . Both breed in fresh water and are mainly indoor mosquitoes. They are active during …


The well-known phase-shifting approach for three-dimensional surface measurement uses multiple fringe patterns along with the phase-shifting algorithm to obtain 3-D profiles with high accuracy though this approach is not applicable for dynamic object measurement techniques such as time-averaged holography and in cases when only a single interference fringe pattern is available. In this case the fringe tracing method can be used that is based on localization of centers of interference fringes. We propose a technique for the reconstruction of the contour map from fringe patterns which comprises standard image processing techniques and a scheme for reconstruction of the map of continuous curves from the binary matrix of pixels representing fringe centers. The approach of image division into grid cells is taken and such problems as derivation of approximate line equations in each cell using Hough transformation, grouping contacting cells into curves and interpolation between curves with fractures are solved. The functionality of this approach is demonstrated for a demanding optical image containing fractures and noise.


more, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Cleveland, Cincinnati, Columbus, Toledo, Detroit, Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Louis, and Kansas City. These cities all have Negro populations greater than 10 percent and this population has approximately doubled between 1950 and 1960. These cities all have seen massive migrations of middle-income people moving out from the central city to the suburbs. The average educational level of the adults in these cities has gone down since 1950 in the face of a rising educational trend in the country as a whole. These cities all have experienced a rapid increase of school enrollment since 1952, which is continuing through the 1960s at a somewhat reduced rate. To write of Chicago, then, is to write of all the Northern industrial cities mentioned above. The common educational problems of these cities are:


We consider the XXZ spin chain with diagonal boundary conditions in the framework of the algebraic Bethe ansatz. Using the explicit computation of the scalar products of Bethe states and a revisited version of the bulk quantum inverse problem, we calculate the elementary building blocks for the correlation functions. In the limit of a half-infinite chain, they are obtained as multiple integrals of usual functions, similar to the case of periodic boundary conditions.


This is the table of contents and preface for the NASA Educator Guide for Pre-K through 2nd grade about the International Space Station and the role rockets play in its construction.