Contributions of phonological abilities to early reading acquisition were examined in a longitudinal study of 166 Dutch children from kindergarten through 2nd grade. Various phonological abilities, nonverbal intelligence, vocabulary, and letter knowledge were assessed in kindergarten and Grade 1. Reading and arithmetic were examined in 1st and 2nd grades. The importance of individual differences in phonological ability for Subsequent reading acquisition changed over time. At first, the effects of phonological abilities increased, but after Grade 1, these effects disappeared. Phonological awareness and rapid naming had independent and specific influences on reading achievement. Verbal working memory was associated with both reading and arithmetic acquisition. The results tend to support an interactive view of the relation between development of phonological abilities and learning to read.


The invention discloses a kind of applicable German silver high temperature-proof colour-changing agent and using method thereof.This product is dissolved by passivator, inhibiter, insulating covering agent, complexing agent, brightening agent etc. and forms in deionized water.The invention solves the non-feature of environmental protection and the high temperature failure problem of traditional anti-blushing agent; and can according to the discoloration on German silver surface; regulate formula composition; especially the German silver high temperature protection being applicable to C7521 and the C7701 trade mark prevents variable color; avoid high temperature resistant melting down of defective German silver and heavily refine problem; greatly reduce production cost, improve the production efficiency of Zn-Cu-Ni alloy strip.The present invention has important using value in material at high temperature protection fields such as metallurgy, electronics.


Citation: Rezar-Dreindl S, Sacu S, Eibenberger K, et al. The intraocular cytokine profile and therapeutic response in persistent neovascular agerelated macular degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2016;57:4144– 4150. DOI:10.1167/iovs.16-19772 PURPOSE. To investigate the course of inflammatory and angiogenic cytokines in the aqueous humor of patients with persistent/recurrent neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) under ranibizumab monotherapy (IVM) or ranibizumab plus dexamethasone combination treatment.


Many shape analysis methods treat the geometry of an object as a metric space that can be captured by the Laplace-Beltrami operator. In this paper, we propose to adapt a classical operator from quantum mechanics to the field of shape analysis where we suggest to integrate a scalar function through a unified elliptical Hamiltonian operator. We study the addition of a potential function to the Laplacian as a generator for dual spaces in which shape processing is performed. Then, we evaluate the resulting spectral basis for different applications such as mesh compression and shape matching. The suggested operator is shown to produce better functional spaces to operate with, as demonstrated by the proposed framework that outperforms existing spectral methods, for example, when applied to shape matching benchmarks.


Purpose
This paper aims to examine the main and the interaction effect of follower's professional identity and leader's use of charismatic leadership tactics (CLTs) on follower performance and work engagement during a crisis.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors performed a 2 × 2 between subjects experiment in which both professional identity and CLTs were manipulated for a group of 320 participants.

Findings
Professional identity has a main positive effect on followers' performance and work engagement and works as a neutralizer (counter-effect) moderator in the relationship between CLTs and work engagement during a crisis.

Research limitations/implications
Participants in the experiments were final-year engineering students and the authors manipulated only two dimensions of crisis, i.e. time urgency and high priority.

Practical implications
Organizations can strive to select for and develop professional identity amongst their members to survive crisis like situations rather than rely only on charismatic leaders.

Originality/value
This is the first study to incorporate crisis for examining a neutralizer for CLTs.


The mean surface air temperature data over the years 1961—2006 of 193 stations within China northwestern arid and semi-arid area(CNASA)were used to analyze the response of the annual mean air temperature to global warming by methods of linear regression analysis,multinomial fitting,EOF,REOF,Mann-Kendall,Glide T-examination,wavelet analysis and power spectrum analysis etc.The results show that:①The warming rate of CNASA annual temperature near 46 years was 055 per 10 years,responding synchronously to global warming.Temperature increased remarkably in western Shaanxi,Gansu,Ningxia,most of Inner Mongolia,mid-northern Qinghai to Tarim basin,except for a decreased trend in Henan district of Qinghai.②Most of the CNASA annual winter temperature was unstable,only that of Qinghai Plateau was relatively stable.③The temporal changes of winter temperature are similar in the westerly of northwestern China.Transition from temperature-decreasing-type to temperature-increasing-type started at mid-1960s,an abrupt change happened in 1986,since then temperature entered a remarkably warming period until falling at the beginning of 2000s.Eighty percent of the first 10 hot years in regions as a whole appeared in 1990s and after,and ninety percent of the sub-regional hot years also appeared after 1990.The anomaly change of temperature had periods about 5-year.The present temperature is at high position viewed from a 20-year or more variation level.④The spatial differences exist in winter temperature variation.The change is opposite in north and south of the Mongolia Xinjiang area and the Shanxi Gansu Ningxia Qinghai area,also opposite in west and east of the Mongolia Shanxi Gansu Ningxia area and the Qinghai Xinjiang area.⑤There are 4 sub-regions of winter temperature anomaly divided by REOF analysis;they are the Mongolia Shaanxi Gansu Ningxia area,the plateau area,the northern Xinjiang area and the southern Xinjiang area.The plateau area has no obvious transition in winter temperature,other than the other areas with ascending transition at early 1970s and descending transition at mid-1990s.Besides,the abrupt change of annual temperature in the plateau area occurred in 1997,other than the other areas in 1986.


Coronary artery abnormalities (CA) occur in patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) and may be associated with higher mortality and heart transplantation (HT). We aimed to determine whether fetuses with HLHS and prenatal CA have a higher risk of death or HT.


A new sliding composite lumped parameter model (CLPM) is established based on the theory of surface foundation oscillation on an elastic half-space. With the new model (CLPM), horizontally dynamic responses of a complicatedly-shaped surface foundation is calculated and the computing results are in good agreement with the results obtained by the formulas (supported by results of comprehensive experimental and numerical analysis), which have been developed by the theory of elastic half-space for computing the dynamic stiffness and damping coefficient of foundations harmonically swaying oscillating on a homogeneous half-space, the amplitude difference is only 9.2% and 0.8% in lateral direction (x) and longitudinal direction (y), respectively. The new model can be used to easily determine the dynamic responses of arbitrarily shaped lumped foundations (except annular shape) with all range of oscillation frequencies and all range of Poisson's ratios on homogeneous half-spaces under the horizontal perturbation load.


Inthis paperwepresent asystem toenable pay-per- viewservices inmobile handhelds whichtakesbenefits ofboth DVB-HandUMTS networks. DVB-Hinfrastructure provides a moreappropriate content delivery framework thatUMTS. Despite this fact, UMTS canplayanimportant roleforcharging andkeydistribution forpay-per-view applications bymeansof theprovider SIMsmartcard. I.INTRODUCTION Multimedia content delivery, overterrestrial antennas or satellite networks, tomobile personal devices isexpected tobe amongthemostimportant markets fornextgeneration mobile device market. TV standards formobiledevices, thatuseterrestrial antennas, asDVB-H,areworking properly andthere aremany commercial products. Typically, those products useUSB or SDIO,since provide anappropriate bandwidth, toconnect radioreceiver anddemodulator to mobilehandhelds. However, somemobile operators areusing broadband mobile connections, asUMTS orHSDPA,todistribute those contents tomobile handhelds. Despite thetwosolutions seemto achieve thesameresults, mobile networks needtohandle the available bandwidth efficiently, giving priority tovoice and data services. Thus, mobile networks might notbeconsidered a goodchoice, since TV transmissions cannotcompete in price andavailability withDVB-H. Inanycase, somemultimedia transmissions should be encrypted, tosupport pay-per-view services, formovies and sport events. Legacy DVB satellite receivers andnewDVB-T receivers rely onaCAM (Conditional Access Module), that implements thekeydistribution system, together withasmart card, toenable pay-per-view services. Thus, smart cards might beusedalso inmobile DVB-Hreceivers butobviously there is noroomforasmartcardina SDIOdevice. Furthermore, modemmobile networks support advanced authentication and encryption mechanisms, whichusetheSIM (Subscriber Identity Module), atamper-proof smartcard, property ofthe provider, toprevent service theft andeavesdropping. Since bothsystems, DVB-HandUMTS,will becollocated inthesamedevice, DVB-Hcantake profit ofUMTSnetworks using theSIMtostorekeysforcontent deciphering and UMTSnetwork toreceive thekeys andforbilling purposes. Inthis paper wepresent asystem toenable pay-per-view services inmobile handhelds whichtakes benefits ofboth DVB-HandUMTSnetworks.


This paper investigates the impact of a selection diversity (SD) receiver on the performance of Bluetooth (BT) packet transmission in wireless channels with fast fading and shadowing. The adoption of this technique results in a coverage extension evaluated in the paper. We firstly derive a tight parametric exponential approximation for the instantaneous bit error probability (BEP) in additive white Gaussian noise; then, from this expression, we derive the mean block error probability (BLEP) for DH packets transmission in Rayleigh fading channel by adopting a simple selection diversity scheme. In particular, the impact of the diversity order on the BLEP is shown. We also obtain a tight and invertible bound on the BLEP that enable us to analytically evaluate also the quality of service expressed in terms of outage probability in channel affected by fading and shadowing and, as a consequence, the impact of multiple antennas on the system coverage.


The major aromas,the formation mechanism of flavor,the development direction and the prospect of guang-shi sausage were expounded in this paper,to provide a basis for guang-shi sausage processing.


In this paper, a User Mobility Pattern based Vertical Handoff Decision algorithm (UMP-VHD) in Cellular-WLAN Integrated Networks is proposed. In this algorithm, vertical handoff decision is formulated as a Markov Decision Process (MDP) with the objective of maximizing the total expected reward during a connection. A sequence of Received Signal Strength (RSS) history records of WLANs is defined as a part of state in MDP and the transitions between different states represent user mobility patterns relative to specific WLANs. Simulation results show that our method successfully reduces call-dropping probability and obtains higher rewards.


A 112-day experiment was conducted to evaluate turmeric and vitamin E levels on the productive performance and quality of hen eggs. A total of 432 20-week-old white layers were used, distributed in an entirely randomized design, in a 4 × 3 factor scheme (turmeric extract levels and vitamin E levels), with 6 repetitions of 6 birds per cage. The treatments consisted of four levels of turmeric extract inclusion (0; 0.1; 0.2 and 0.3) and three levels of vitamin E inclusion (0; 50 and 100 IU/kg). Egg quality was evaluated at each 28-day cycle through the variables specific gravity, yolk percentage, albumen percentage, shell percentage and thickness, Haugh unit, yolk index and staining, and production performance: weight, egg production and mass, feed intake, feed conversion (kg/kg; kg/dz), and mortality. The addition of vitamin E alone worsened feed intake, egg weight and feed conversion of layers. Turmeric added to 100 IU of Vit E improved egg mass indices, Haugh Unit and yolk index and intensified yolk staining. The amount of turmeric used in this experiment was not sufficient to improve the performance or egg quality of the birds.


The utilisation of mobile learning in teaching brings the benefits of the availability of teaching materials that can be accessed at any time and exciting material visualisation. In its implementation, it needs the availability of supporting devices, such as network availability, smartphone devices, and mobile learning software. The paper examines the availability of mobile networks and also develops mobile learning software. The app is then implemented directly in the mobile networks, performing measurement and performance testing on the parameter which is the quality of service metrics by internet service providers in locations of the research project. Based on the measurement and application testing, the planning and development of mobile learning should focus on the usability factors, such as the ease for network access, user-friendliness, and the ease to comprehend the teaching materials. Other than that, the amount of data used when accessing the app is also monitored. The presentation of the teaching materials is made more straightforward, attractive, and interactive. The failure of mobile learning applications during testing is generally due to the problem of network availability. The development of mobile learning app must be adapted to the capabilities of the existing network performance.


We report on a compact terahertz (THz) source based on a quantum-cascade laser (QCL). The source is intended for a local oscillator in a THz heterodyne receiver for the detection of the fine structure line of neutral atomic oxygen (OI) at 4.7448 THz. The QCL, which is mounted in a small mechanical cryocooler, employs a GaAs/AlAs active region heterostructure and a resonator with an additional back-facet mirror. This allows for low electrical pump powers of less than 1.2 W and high output powers of up to 8 mW. The whole setup weighs less than 4 kg. The application of such a system in a spaceborne mission appears to be feasible.


Heritability and Genetic advance are the direct selection parameters. Information on such parameters has great importance in enhancing the selection efficiency. Therefore, in the present investigation 77 maize genotypes including 54 F1s, 18 lines, 3 testers and 2 check varieties were evaluated in relation to direct selection parameters for different quantitative traits. All the genotypes showed significant variability for all the characters studied. High values (>20%) of genotypic coefficient of variance (GCV) and phenotypic coefficient of variance (PCV) were recorded for the traits, grain yield per plant, kernels per cob, cob weight and kernels per row. The traits such as seed vigour index, seedling length, cob length, cobs per plant 100-kernel weight, plant height and kernel rows per cob showed moderate values (10-20%) of GCV and PCV. For almost all the traits the values of GCV and PCV were almost similar but for cob diameter GCV was low while PCV was high indicated that all the traits had low environmental influence except cob diameter that had high environmental influence. High estimates of heritability coupled with high estimates of genetic advance as percent of mean were recorded for the traits grain yield per plant, kernels per cob, cob weight, kernels per row, seed vigour index, seedling length, 100-kernel weight, cob length, plant height, cobs per plant and kernel rows per cob. This indicated the role of additive gene effect in the inheritance of these traits; therefore, such traits could be improved through simple selection.


The two-week use of special breathing exercises in combination with the Cortexin peptide bioregulator optimizes the functional state and increases the professional performance of older teachers more effectively compared to the single use of a pharmacological preparation. The maximum effect is noted immediately after the end of the course use of special breathing exercises and the peptide bioregulator and lasts for two months. The results obtained open up prospects for the use of breathing exercises to enhance and prolong the nootropic drugs and antihypoxants antistress and geroprotective effects.


Objective To study the protective effects of bifidobacterium on the intestinal mucosa barrier in ovalbumin-sensitized rat. Methods Thirty-six 3-week-old Sprague-Dawley( SD) rats were randomly divided into 3 groups:normal control group(rats received sterile diluent for 3 weeks,sensitized and challenged with sterile saline) ,positive control group(rats received sterile diluent for 3 weeks and ovalbumin(OVA) sensitized) ,and bifidobacterium intervention group(rats were treated with bifidobacterium for 3 weeks and OVA sensitized) . Food allergen model was established by intraperitoneal injection of OVA. The process included basic and enhanced sensitization. Basic sensitization was performed on the first day by intraperitoneal injection of NS 0.5 ml containing 10 μg OVA and 1 mg Al(OH) 3 . Enhanced sensitization was performed on the 15th day by intraperitoneal injection of NS 0.5 ml containing 10 μg OVA. A total of four provocations were induced on the 5th,9th,13th,15th days after enhanced sensitization by intragastric administration of NS 0.5 ml containing OVA 500 μg. The rats in the normal control group received same quantity of sterile saline at the same time points. 24-hour urine was examined to test the ratio of lactulose and mannitol,and to further assess the permeability of the intestinal tract. The jejunum specimens were stained with HE and blue toluidine,percentage of intact mast cells was examined and calculated with light microscope,and ultrastructure of intestinal mucosa were observed with transmission electron microscope. Results The ratio of lactulose and mannitol in bifidobacterium group was lower than that in the positive control group(0.068 ± 0.008 versus 0.131 ± 0.012,P 0.05) ,but higher than that in the normal control group(0.068 ± 0.008 versus 0.027 ± 0.004,P 0.05) . Focalnecrosis and cast of villus epidermis cells in the small intestine,infiltration of inflammatory cells( including lymphocytes and in the lamina propria,plasma cells) ,and the accumulated and degranulated mast cells in bifidobacterium group were statistically reduced than those in the positive control group. Conclusions bifidobacterium showed preventive effects on the intestinal mucosa in OVA-sensitized rats.


This paper examines the problem of estimating capital asset price volatility parameters from the most available forms of public data. While many varieties of such data are possible, we shall consider here only those which are truly universal in their accessibility to investors, namely, data appearing in the financial pages of the newspaper. In particular, we shall consider volatility estimators which are based upon the historical opening, closing, high, and low prices and transaction volume. Alternative estimators of volatility may be constructed from such data as significant news events, "fundamental" information regarding a company's prospects, and other forms of publicly available data, but these will not be considered here. Any parameter-estimation procedure must begin with a maintained hypothesis regarding the structural model within which estimation is to be made. Our structural model is given exposition in Section II. Section III discusses the "classical" Improved estimators of security price volatilities are formulated. These estimators employ data of the type commonly found in the financial pages of a newspaper: the high, low, opening, and closing prices and the transaction volume. The new estimators are seen to have relative efficiencies that are considerably higher than the standard estimators.


A high-power laser in the 780-nm wavelength region was realized by introducing an AlGaAs ternary alloy quantum-well structure. Since there is no axial structure, high reproducibility is expected. By applying the quantum-well structure to the AlGaAs ternary alloy wells, a reduction in the operation current of a laser which oscillates in the 780-nm wavelength region can be achieved. A reduction of the optical power density in the direction perpendicular to the junction plane is examined to lessen facet degradation. Investigations focus on the characteristic temperature and catastrophic optical damage (COD) level. It is found that a triple quantum-well (TQW) active layer structure has superior characteristics for high-power operation. Stable operation for over 1000 h under 50 degrees C and 60 mW conditions was achieved. A relatively high characteristic temperature of around 150 K was also obtained. The results of an aging test are provided. >


Synthetic minimal membrane systems are extremely useful for better understanding of complex cellular structures and cell surface processes. We have developed a facile method for synthesis of cholesterylated peptides, each bearing a carbohydrate moiety and a fluorescent tag. The position of the cholesterol moiety on the peptide can be controlled by using a new Fmoc‐protected cholesterol‐triazole‐lysine group, which we constructed by means of solid‐phase peptide synthesis. We succeeded in integrating the glyco modules into giant unilamellar vesicles by electroformation or infusion in buffer solution. The glyco‐decorated liposomes were recognized by a lectin and had unique topological membrane features. In conclusion, this work is a proof of principle for the functionalization of artificial membranes with a primitive synthetic glycocalyx useful for studying carbohydrate–protein interactions on a simplified cell‐like membrane surface.


This document is a system requirement document for the radio prototypes delivered by WP2. It reflects the current view of WP2 and is related to current standards and state of the art technology. Currently, WLAN, WPAN-UWP and WPAN-60GHz are considered. The document describes technical requirements for the power amplifier, the RF and the PHY part of the different radios. MAC requirements are described when they are directly related to the radio Updates due to change request out of the OMEGA consortium or due to technical reasons will be done in accordance with the management handbook.


Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease of mostly middle-aged and elderly people that contributes a high burden of disease in China and worldwide. However, many putative risk factors associated with OA in elderly populations remain substantially unclear. Methods: In our cross-sectional study, 2177 residents of the Putuo District of Shanghai aged 40 years and above were recruited to complete a questionnaire that queried basic health information and assessed the prevalence of OA. A non-conditional and an ordinal logistic regression model was used to analyze the associations between putative risk factors and the severity of confirmed OA. Results: Among 2099 eligible participants, the average age was 65.21 years( 41.4% were male), and 551 self-reported OA [prevalence = 26.25% (24.13, 28.51)]. The prevalence of knee OA were the most common (23.11% , 21.12 to 25.23). OA was associated with age [≥] 60 years (aOR = 1.56; 1.18, 2.07), overweight BMI (24~27.9 kg/m2) (1.30; 1.02 to 1.65), female sex (1.66; 1.30 to 2.12), unmarried status (1.41; 1.03 to 1.90), a family history of OA (6.23; 4.17 to 9.38), two or more comorbidities (2.18; 1.52 to 3.11), and prior injury to any joint (12.02; 4.86 to 31.22). Conclusions: Old age, Female sex,family history and multiple comorbidities were significant contributors to promote the severity of OA. Appropriate prevention and treatment strategies must be developed to reduce the burden of the disease.


ABSTRACT In this study, TiTaBN graded-composite coatings were deposited utilizing different process parameters on D2 steel and glass substrates using pulsed DC closed-field unbalanced magnetron sputtering (CFUBMS). The morphology and structure of the coatings were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Raman spectroscopy. The hardness and critical load values of the coatings were determined using a microhardness tester and scratch tester, respectively. The tribological properties of the coatings were analyzed in different testing environments using a pin-on-disc tribometer. The properties of the coatings were found to be strongly affected by the coating parameters. The maximum thickness and hardness were obtained at the lowest nitrogen flow rate and highest frequency. Critical load values of coatings were increased with increased nitrogen flow rate. The low nitrogen flow rate and high frequency across the coatings resulted in enhanced tribological properties.


The recent encounters by the spacecraft Vega and Giotto with Comet Halley led to results that in the main were unexpected. The comet had been said to be a 'dirty snowball', which if it had been true would not have been particularly interesting. Instead of possessing the 20-50% reflectivity of dirty snow, the comet turned out to be exceedingly dark with a reflectivity around 2%. Comet Halley is emitting both gas and dust at rates of the order of 10 tons per second, with the emission coming from small areas of the black surface. Water molecules are present in considerable quantity in the gas, making water a major constituent of the comet, as had been expected, although on the information so far published it cannot be said that water is overwhelmingly the major constituent. There must be important sources of carbonaceous molecules which have been detected in individual masses above 100 daltons, while there appears to be more of the OH radical than can be explained by H20-H+OH alone. The biggest surprise concerns the composition of the dust, which had been expected to be not much different from ordinary household dust which has a specific gravity of about 3. Much of the dust has turned out to be submicron particles composed largely of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen and oxygen with densities that, like dried bacteria, are less than lgcm-3. While it was a great advantage for many experiments to visit the comet by spacecraft, other experiments could be done as well or better from the Earth. This is particularly the case when unexpected things happen. It was unexpected that heat radiation from the dust would be detectable in the wavelength range from 3 to 4 microns, which range is highly important for identifying the nature of organic material. The points for Figure 1 were obtained by D T Wickramasinghe and D A Allen using the AngloAustralian Telescope sited in New South Wales, Australia. The large error bars near 3 microns are due to the circumstance that the Earth's atmosphere also emits radiation near 3 microns. While this is a disadvantage of terrestrial ground-based observations, the disadvantage was more than offset in this case through the use of a very large and accurate telescope, through the comet being observed from the southern hemisphere at the optimum point of its orbit, and through the ability of ground-based observers to make frequently repeated calibrations of their equipment. Thus one can have confidence that within the marked error bars these observations are correct, which is not something one can always say for observations made from space. The curve of Figure 1 shows what a common bacterium such as E. coli would emit, if the bacteria were dry and heated to a temperature of 320 kelvin E


Using an exponential function to calculate the length of functionalized MWCNTs by various oxidation time and temperature. A scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observed the morphologies of MWCNTs oxidized under various conditions. With the refluxing time and temperature increasing, the length of MWCNTs decreased dramatically.


The invention belongs to a pineapple wine brewing process which comprises the following steps: S1, selecting fresh pineapples to prepare pineapple pulp; S2, adding sodium metabisulfite; S3, adding pectinase; S4, filter and squeezing to obtain pineapple clear juice; S5, measuring the sugar degree of the pineapple clear juice, measuring the sugar degree of the pineapple clear juice to 20%, and measuring the acidity of the pineapple clear juice and adjusting the acidity of the pineapple clear juice to above 7g/L; S6, putting the pineapple clear juice into a glass wild-mouth bottle for lucifugal and closed primary fermentation; S7, finishing the primary fermentation when the sugar degree of the pineapple clear juice is lower than 0.6%; S8, transferring clarified wine liquor in the upper layer of the pineapple juice to another sterilized glass bottle; S9, sealing the upper clarified wine liquor for post-fermentation; and S10, adding gelatin-tannin into the upper clarified wine liquor to clarify so as to obtain the pineapple wine. The pineapple wine has the characteristics of being bright in color and luster, rich in fruity flavor, coordinated in taste and stable in wine body.


Nonconforming quasi-Wilson finite element approximation to nonlinear hyperbolic equation is discussed for the semi-discrete scheme.By use of the special property of the element,i.e.,the consistence error in energy norm is of order O(h2),one order higher than its interpolation error,the superclose property with order O(h2)is derived by higher accuracy analysis of its conforming part,the derivative transfering and mean-value technique.Furthermore,the superconvergence result is obtained through the interpolated postprocessing method.


The relation between methyl mercaptan and dimethyl sulfide, two product com-pon entsobtained from the vapor phase reaction of hydrogen sulfide and methyl alcohol over gamma-alumina catalyst, agreed with the equilibrium calculated from the equation 2 CH3SH CHCH3SCHCH3+HCH2S, assuming that Kp is 1.57 at 370°C. The true equilibrium states were confirmed by carrying out the reaction from both sides of the equation. A 2.2 kcal difference was noted in the value of free energy of formation of the reaction between the value calculated from the measured equilibria and that reported in the literature. This may be attributed to the probable errors in estimating the heat of formation of methyl mercaptan and dimethyl sulfide. The velocity of formation of methyl mercaptan and dimethyl sulfide from hydrogen sulfide and methyl alcohol over gamma-alumina catalyst of 2 mm diameter at 390°C was shown as follows:


This article focuses on the atenistas, an Athenian citizens' group formed in the fall of 2010 at the outset of the Greek debt crisis. The atenistas' anti-political stance soon revealed itself to be an anti-left position, amenable to the emerging neo-liberal ethics of austerity
 and the collapse of the post-dictatorship ideologically-oriented party system. Based on ethnographic consideration of the group's programmatic statements and interventions in public spaces, I parse key features of their 'actions' (draseis) online and off (ephemerality,
 theatricality, repetitiveness, didacticism, nomadism) in connection to new media participatory culture (flash mobs, social media visuality, networked affect, makeover reality television) and contemporary urban practices and processes (city rebranding, gentrification, urban gardening, lifestyle
 sports, occupy social movements). I highlight the salience of the environment, aesthetics and the everyday lifeworld to the group's bid to remake the image of Athens (as logo, habitat and gym) and, thus, reformulate civic action as an activism without politics, recasting traditionally
 public functions as matters of individual responsibility.


This paper discusses the enforceability of patent and trademarks licenses, ensuring the benefits of advertising such acts by the parties. Different legal systems treat the enforceability of these contracts are addressed. The main legal effects arising annotation licensing agreements, with special emphasis on the Cuban context.


This essay reviews some findings in cognition sciences and examines their consequences for the analysis of institutions. It starts by exploring how humans' specialization in producing knowledge ensures our success in dominating the environment but also changes fast our environment. So fast that it did not give time to natural selection to adapt our biology, causing it to be potentially maladapted in important dimensions. A main function of institutions is therefore to fill the gap between the demands of our relatively new environment and our biology, still adapted to our ancestral environment as hunter-gatherers. Moreover, institutions are built with the available elements, which include our instincts. A deeper understanding of both aspects, their adaptive function and this recruitment of ancestral instincts, will add greatly to our ability to manage institutions.


e15578 Background: Although dCRT is the standard treatment for pts who have locally advanced unresectable EC or refuse surgery, the prognosis of these pts remains dismal. There are urgent needs to develop the novel treatment strategy based on prognostic stratification after dCRT. Methods: A total of 382 pts with locoregional EC without distant metastasis except for supraclavicular lymph node who received dCRT at Asan Medical Center in South Korea from 2006 to 2015 were included. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier method. Risk factors were analyzed using Cox regression. Risk scores were calculated by multiplying coefficients in Cox proportional hazard model. Results: Baseline characteristics were as follows: median age = 66 yrs (range: 40-85); male = 359 pts (94.0%); squamous cell carcinoma = 375 (98.2%); cTNM stage (AJCC 8th) I = 40 (10.5%), II = 122 (31.9%), III = 128 (33.5%), IV = 92 (24.1%). During median follow-up of 52.9 mo, median PFS was 13.5 mo (95% CI, 10.9-16.1), and median OS was 26.7 mo (95% CI, 19.8-33.7). In the univariate analyses, sex (only for PFS), weight loss (≥ 5 kg) during dCRT, cT stage, cN stage, cTNM stage, clinical response after dCRT, reason for dCRT were significant prognostic factors for PFS and OS. In the multivariate analyses, clinical response after dCRT, cTNM stage, and weight loss were independent prognostic factors for PFS and OS (Table). Risk-scoring model using these factors stratified pts into four groups: for median PFS (p < 0.0001), group 1 = 58.2 mo (95% CI, 43.5-73.0), group 2 = 17.0 mo (95% CI, 11.9-22.1), group 3 = 9.0 mo (95% CI, 7.0-11.1), and group 4 = 3.9 mo (95% CI, 3.7-4.2); for median OS (p < 0.0001), group 1 = 106.2 mo (95% CI, 44.9-167.6), group 2 = 38.0 mo (95% CI, 24.4-51.5), group 3 = 13.0 mo (95% CI, 8.5-17.6), and group 4 = 8.0 mo (95% CI, 7.4-8.6). Conclusions: In dCRT-treated locoregional EC pts, survival outcome significantly varied according to baseline clinical stage, treatment response, and dynamic change in body weight. Different treatment and surveillance strategies based on the risk score might be needed in these pts.[Table: see text]


Electron micrographs of transverse and saggital sections of the opisthosoma of the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus telarius (L.), showed a layered cuticle and a hypodermal layer with a basement membrane. The entire cuticle measured 0.70 μ–0.91 μ thick, the epicuticle being 0.01 μ, exocuticle 0.09 μ–0.11 μ, and endocuticle 0.16 μ–0.78 μ. Cuticular extensions, lobed at the apices, were 1.37 μ–1.74 μ high and about 0.09 μ thick at the narrowest point. The hypodermal layer was about 1.19 μ–1.71 μ and delineated by the basement membrane.


The invention provides a basal fertilizer special for Huanghai Plain cotton, and a preparation method and application thereof. The basal fertilizer special for Huanghai Plain cotton is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 280-320 parts of potassium chloride, 150-190 parts of urea, 100-120 parts of ammonium chloride, 253-293 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 24-36 parts of ammonium bicarbonate, 14-16 parts of borax, 18-22 parts of EDTA chelated zinc, 28-32 parts of bentonite, and 47-57 parts of zeolite powder. According to the disclosed formula of the basal fertilizer special for Huanghai Plain cotton and the application method thereof, based on the Huanghai plain current soil nutrition status and the cotton fertilizing characteristics, chemical nutrition substances with relatively low energy consumption are employed for replacing high-consumption high-price fertilizers, also nutrition demand of cotton large filed is satisfied, output level is improved, and also fertilizing labor and investment are further reduced, and the effects of reducing cost, increasing income and increasing effect are realized.


Because of the highly damping nature of rubber, it is difficult to characterize its dynamic elastic properties using classical methods. In this paper, an experimental approach employing laser excited guided acoustic waves is proposed to accurately determine the real and imaginary part of the longitudinal and shear elastic modulus of a rubber layer. From the spatiotemporal evolution of a propagating laser excited Lamb wave measured by a laser Doppler vibrometer, which is scanning along a line perpendicular to a line of excitation, the phase velocity dispersion curves in the wave number - frequency domain are obtained. The results are interpreted in the framework of a detailed semianalytical study, analyzing the influence of elastic damping on the Lamb dispersion curves. This analysis is exploited to adequately fit the experimental dispersion curves and thus extract information about the elastic moduli and absorption coefficients of the rubber plate. The results are validated by a pulse-echo measurement, an...


A brief overview is presented of the global experience with the Novel Coronavirus 19 pandemic and disease (COVID-19) that produced an unanticipated and unprecedented storm in the global equilibrium. The pandemic is described as an external and internal storm, with resultant damage to global and personal health and lifestyles. The mechanisms and implications of the resulting crisis are also touched upon in brief.


Background and purpose:There have been no reports on the clinical and biological significance of the co-expression ofinducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and β-catenin (β-cat) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC). This study was aimed to investigate the expression ofiNOS and β-cat in NPC, to analyze their interrelation, and to explore their roles in the carcinogenesis, development, invasion, and metastasis of NPC. Methods:The expression ofiNOS and β-cat was examined in 50 poorly differentiated NPC and 15 normal nasopharyngeal epithelium tissue by immunohistochemical staining (SP method). None of the patients had received radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The results ofimmunostaining were observed by two pathologists independently, using double blind scoring method. iNOS and β-cat expression were categorized by the extent and intensity of staining using a semiquantitative method. Results:No iNOS expression was observed in 15 normal nasopharyngeal epithelium, but β-cat expression was located in cytomembrane in normal samples. The positive rate ofiNOS protein expression was 74.0% (37/50) in NPC tissues. The expression ofiNOS was statistically different among the NPC group and normal nasopharyngeal epithelium group, T1~2 group and T3~4 group, metastatic lymph nodes group and no metastatic lymph nodes group. There was a great quantity of β-cat expression in cytoplasm, little or no β-cat expression in cytomembrane and nucleus in NPC tumorous tissues. Statistical analysis indicated that strong positive expression of β-cat in cytoplasm was significantly higher in NPC than those of normal nasopharyngeal epithelium. The positive expression of β-cat was significantly correlated with clinical stage, invasion and lymph gland metastasis. Neither iNOS nor β-cat was significantly different between different ages and genders. There was a positive relationship between iNOS and β-cat expression in NPC tissues (r=0.394,P=0.005). Conclusion:The positive expressions ofiNOS and β-cat in cytoplasm were significantly correlated with clinical stage, invasion and metastasis, and were not significantly different in terms of ages and genders of the patients. There was a positive relationship between the expression ofiNOS and β-cat in NPC tissues. Co-overexpression ofiNOS and β-cat may play an important role in carcinogenesis, development, invasion, and metastasis of NPC.


APHA members who would like to be a part of the Association's leadership are being asked to step forward as part of APHA's annual nominations process.


Object detection and classification in video is an important step in the video surveillance. We propose efficient moving object detection, classification and evaluate its parameter by alternating the algorithm in effective way. The techniques like image subtraction, threshold and foreground detection will be used for object detection and patterns are used for classification. Then frame by frame the objects are tracked and parameters like speed, velocity of motioned object will be calculated. Finally the proposed method will be proved that object in dynamic texture scenes are analyzed and parameter of moving object will be evaluated.


ln this article the acrylate/stylene was copolymerized by using the method of seeded semi-continuous emulsion polymerization.The effects have been discussed, relating to the amount of seeded emulsion, the amount and ratios of emulsifiers in the top and bottom finishing emulsionsand the combination of various emulsifiers on the latex particle size and emulsion stabilities. And at the same time, the effect of the feeding ways on the polymerization kinetics behavior was also investigated.


Perfluoroalkylated substances (PFAS) have been used globally, and transported to and detected in the Arctic. Since the Arctic is not expected to be the source for these substances, these contaminants have the potential to be transported via the atmosphere and/or the ocean from areas in lower latitudes. However local sources may also contribute. PFAS can affect organisms, and have toxic and carcinogenic potential. Hence, PFAS are of concern for the Arctic wildlife and humans living in Arctic areas. The aim of the study is to increase the scientific knowledge about PFAS levels in Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) from Linnévatnet in western Svalbard, with regards to the potential exposure route for human consumers. In most of the high Arctic region, Arctic char is the only resident fish species in freshwaters, and it was therefore chosen as biomonitoring species in this project. Arctic char were caught in March 2013 and September 2010. Analysis of liver and fillet samples were conducted at the Norwegian Institute of Air Research (NILU) in Tromsø. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to examine the relationship between liver and fillet samples and PFAS. The results showed that perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) and perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA) were the most abundant PFAS compounds detected in all samples. In 2010, PFBA in fillet samples showed the highest concentration (8.3 ng/g wet weight; ww). The fluortelomer 6:2FTS showed highest concentration (5.3 ng/g ww) in liver sample from 2013. The short-chained PFAS compounds (4-6 carbons) contributed to 78 % of ΣPFAS in the 2010 measurements, while the long-chained PFAS (7-13 carbons) together accounted for 56.8% of the ΣPFAS in 2013. In general, the concentrations were relatively low. There was a decrease in levels of PFAS in fillet samples from 2010 to 2013, while the highest levels were detected mainly in liver samples from 2013. This is consistent with previous studies indicating that PFAS binds to proteins in the blood and bioaccumulate in the liver. Because of the location of Linnévatnet and the low concentrations of PFAS, long-rang atmospheric transport is the main pathway for these contaminants instead of local sources. Based on previous studies, perfluorooctanoic sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) were expected to have higher concentrations and to be the dominating contaminants, but this was not the case in the present study. This indicates that temporal trends and spatial distribution of PFAS


I read with interest the case report by Mario Ciocca, MD, about pneumothorax in a weight lifter, 1 since a colleague and F recently reported 20 cases of sports-related pneumothorax treated at a small rural hospital emergency department over 5 years. Ninety-five percent (19) of our cases were due to blunt chest trauma, with 55% (ll) being associated with skiing or snowboarding. Fifteen percent (3) were associated with fatal trauma. Nine (53%) of the surviving 17 patients required hospitalization for tube thoracostomy and other trauma care. Although it is unusual, we believe that the occurrence of pneumothorax in sports, especially outdoor sports, may be more frequent than generally believed. A higher, and possibly rising, incidence of this injury in outdoor sports may be due to the often increasingly high rates of speed. Our findings were consistent with Ciocca's points that athletes may compensate for their injury and thus may delay seeking treatment, and that their appearance may not accurately reflect the severity of injury. Thirty-five percent (7) of our patients sought medical attention after considerable delay; despite most having pneumothoraces serious enough to require tube thoracostomy. The need for vigilance when evaluating athletes who have chest pain and a history of blunt chest trauma warrants repeat emphasis. The pneumothorax also may be an indicator of severe vascular or visceral injury that may not be immediately obvious but may rapidly progress to a life-threatening condition.


Time-resolved measurements of the device current in Ga0.47In0.53As transferred-electron devices are presented. The current drop, usually attributed to domain nucleation shows an unexpected behaviour because a drop of the device current of up to 90% is observed. This cannot be explained solely by the model of domain formation caused by electron transfer. The influence of transport properties of the central valley is discussed, giving rise to the assumption of its dominant effect on domain nucleation.


In order to treat the multi-layered soft ground with the soft layer in the middle efficiently,the variable diameter soil-cement double mixed column is developed and the field test of column installation is introduced.The installation mechanism,deep mixing machine,column installation procedure,and column quality testing results of variable diameter soil-cement double mixed column is presented.The excavation of testing model column indicates that the proposed column installation procedure is suitable for installing the variable diameter soil-cement deep mixed column.As the double mixing technology is used,the cement content mixed in the column is ensured and the mixing uniformity is improved,thus the column strength of variable diameter soil-cement deep mixed column is much higher than that of conventional soil-cement deep mixed column.The development of variable diameter soil-cement double mixed column enriches the categories of soil-cement deep mixed column for soft ground improvement,and can improve the multi-layered soft ground with the soft layer in the middle more economically and efficiently,so it has good potential application for practice.


Abstract An efficient nickel-catalyzed vicinal thiosulfonylation of 1-bromoalkynes with thiosulfonates in the presence of cesium carbonate is described. An operationally simple and highly regioselective atom transfer radical addition (ATRA) of alkynyl bromides provides a wide range of (E)-1,2-thiosulfonylethenes (α-aryl-β-thioarylvinyl sulfones) in moderate to high yields. The extensive substrate scope of both alkynyl bromides and thiosulfonates is explored with a broad range of functional groups. Indole-derived 1,1-bromoalkenes were also successfully explored in this 1,2-thiosulfonylation process. Moreover, the nickel-catalyzed geminal-dithiolation of alkynyl bromides with N-arylthio succinimides provides 1,1-dithioalkenes in high yields. The present protocol is reliable on gram scale, and a sequential one-pot bromination and thiosulfonylation of phenylacetylene is achieved in a scale-up synthesis. Following control experiments, a plausible mechanism is proposed to rationalize the experimental outcome and the vicinal thiosulfonylation.


Fuzzy logic control is nonlinear and adaptive in nature that gives it robust performance under parameter variation and load disturbances. This paper describes the control strategy applied to a grid-connected single phase inverter with description of predictive current control. Then, fuzzy logic control for a grid-connected single phase inverter is described. Simulation results are provided. The fuzzy logic controllers provide attractive features such as fast response, good performance. Since the fuzzy logic controller requires less complex mathematical operations than classical controllers, its implementation does not require a computationally sophisticated microcontroller.


The World Until Yesterday: What Can We Learn from Traditional Societies? By Jared Diamond New York: Penguin Group, 2012. Vii + 499pp. Tables, figures, further readings, index, and illustration credits. $23.59, (cloth) ISBN 978-0-670-02481-0; $16.20, (paper) ISBN 978-1-101-60600-1.In his most recent book, Jared Diamond offers a series of lessons gleaned from decades of field research in spatially and culturally disparate indigenous communities . Through a comparison of modern states and traditional societies, Diamond presents a variety of lessons for the individual and the modern state Instead of comparing traditional and state-centered societies through a rational, cultural, or spatial approach, this text utilizes a more comprehensive method that includes all of these aspects . Using this comprehensive comparative method, Diamond elucidates several ethnographic-based conceptions of and lessons about everything from danger, to the treatment of children and the elderly, language, food, dispute resolution, and religion . The significance of this book lies in the vast wealth of anthropologic research and information about how traditional societies interact with their local landscape The lessons provided may be useful for some, but Diamond's take-it-or-leave-it attitude towards changing individual and state perceptions toward the previously-mentioned issues undermines his perceived emphasis on the significance of the information impartedEconomic anthropologists and historical geographers may find Diamond's discussion of traditional forms of trade and subsequent implications for the contemporary global economy interesting Relationships between societies are categorized in four distinct ways: defending boundaries, sharing resources, making war, and trading. Looking at the link between trade, goods, social networks, and class, Diamond identifies two critical similarities between traditional and modern state trade: the gathering of items to confer status, and in some cases, the exchange of some type of currency. For this purpose, Diamond attempts to organize a list of the following items commonly traded in the traditional societies he studies: "necessities" (raw materials and manufactured items), "gray," and "luxury" categories (68-69) . His chart separates items that are immediately useful for survival and daily life from an intermediate category and luxury category The intermediate level comprises items that are both useful and impart some amount of status that make them valuable beyond their utility Luxuries or decorative items, meanwhile, are those that are not immediately useful for survival This three-part typology is useful in cataloguing items of trade, but also in identifying levels of socio-economic class, allowing one to make comparisons with market economies . Despite the usefulness of this typology in organizing goods and their socio-economic implications, Diamond argues that it is unreasonable to categorize items of trade by relegating them to luxury or functional statuses because these definitions are often relative and culturally-specific. …


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Lignocellulose—the material forming the woody cell walls of plants—represents the single largest supply of polysaccharides (carbohydrates) produced in the plant kingdom that can be hydrolyzed to sugars and converted into fuel alcohol. Biomass materials that are preponderantly lignocellulosic include all wood residues generated in logging and sawmilling operations; prunings of orchard, vineyard, and ornamental plants; stalks of cotton plants; and stems of grasses including wheat, rice, barley, corn (stover), sugarcane (bagasse after extraction of sucrose), and bamboo.


India faces endemic electrical energy and peaking shortages. The power sector is plagued with mounting commercial losses due to various inefficiencies, colossal commercial and technical losses and increasing subsidy burden on the states. These shortages have had a very detrimental effect on the overall economic growth of the country. In order to revitalise the sector and improve the techno-economic performance, the Government of India initiated the reform process in 1991. This article analyses the pre-reform era and identifies the key concerns which led to the initiation of the reforms. It also analyses the likely impact of the major policy and regulatory initiatives that have been undertaken since 1991 including the provisions of the new enactments which have come into force eventually in the form of the Electricity Act, 2003. This article details out the key features of the Act and its likely impact on the Indian electricity industry in the emerging scenario. The article also discusses major issues like role of the regulator in the new regime, issue of open access, power trading, introduction of power markets and role of the Appellate Tribunal for Electricity in harmonising the orders of the various regulators. JEL Classification: K21, Q43


We introduce Hyperbolic Prototype Learning, a type of supervised learning, where class labels are represented by ideal points (points at infinity) in hyperbolic space. Learning is achieved by minimizing the 'penalized Busemann loss', a new loss function based on the Busemann function of hyperbolic geometry. We discuss several theoretical features of this setup. In particular, Hyperbolic Prototype Learning becomes equivalent to logistic regression in the one-dimensional case.


Cancer has been triggered by mutations in normal cells, and these mutations react to the immune system. Investigating the behavior of cells in this situation is very challenging based on empirical analysis and can sometimes not be performed. However, mathematical tools can make it easy to study this subject. In this work, we investigated the immune system response using differential equations in two steps: first, rapid attack of NK cells; second, complementary reaction of macrophages and T-cells. For the cases which mutant cells escape from the immune system attack, it is suggested that immunotherapy be performed by adding stem cells to help the immune system. In this study, the effectiveness of the defense against mutation cells is modeled in different conditions: first immune response, barely; first and second immune response together; and finally, first and second immune response along with injected stem cells as a therapeutic proposition. To show the effect of stem cells on making defense more efficient, we have studied stability of the system in divergent situations and compared equilibrium points of the model in these situations.


Social education aims to cultivate talents to have comprehensive,harmonious and continuous development abilities.With their social education advantages,college libraries promote college students' comprehensive development and social adaptiveness.


The Financial Collateral Arrangements (No 2) Regulations 2003 have recently been amended to include credit claims as financial collateral, to provide a partial definition of "possession" and to allow the claims of a person holding floating security on financial collateral to rank ahead of claims ranking as administration and liquidation expenses. This article analyses the effects of these changes and identifies other changes which were not made – the opportunity missed.


Patients with unilateral cleftlip are, arguably,the most technically complex subgroup of rhinoplasty patients. Asymmetry of the three-dimensional nasal structure creates an obvious deformity that largely contributes to the cleftstigmata, particularly the nasal tip and alar base.' A IS-year-old girl presented with a history of leftsided, unilateral, complete cleft lip and palate, which had been repaired at an outside hospital during her infancy. She presented with complaints -of difficulty breathing from the left side of her nose, and she was very bothered by her nasal deformity. This patient's nasal asymmetry was identified on examination. The ala on the cleft side was flattened, with a subsequent hanging nostril; additionally, the dome was lower on the cleft side. The nasal tip and columella were pointing away from the cleft side, and the bony dorsum toward the cleft side. However, because of the alotomy performed at the time of her primary lip surgery, her alar base width was symmetric. As a result of her deformity, the soft-tissue triangles were extremely asymmetric, as were her nostril openings (figure 1). The patient's endonasal exam revealed that the "quadrangular cartilage was deviated toward the cleft side. Manual elevation of her ptotic left nasal ala caused a significant improvement in her breathing, and the standard Cottle maneuver did not prove beneficial. The preoperative surgical plan was carefully structured to address the patient's concern regarding her aesthetic nasal appearance; she was most bothered by the size discrepancy between the nostril openings and the hanging of the left nostril. The patient was marked for a standard inverted V incision of the mid-columellar skin, and the Tajima reverse-U incisionwas incorporated on the left side of the alar rim skin so as to create a symmetric, left-sided, soft-tissue triangle appearance (figure 2, A). The endonasal rhinoplasty was performed via a hemitransfixion incision, and all portions of the deviated quadrangular cartilage were removed, leaving a l.S-cm caudal and dorsal L-strut.


Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides is a novel class of semiconductor materials with remarkable properties due to the interplay of the valley and spin degrees of freedom controlled by the optical helicity. Optical spectra of those direct band-gap materials are influenced by a variety of complex multi-particle tightly bound excitonic states. In this work, we report first-principles calculations within the Tamm-Dancoff approach for the absorption spectra of the doped monolayer MoS${_2}$, as determined by neutral direct and indirect two-particle excitons as well as charged three-particle trions. Our study reveals a large doping dependence of the lowest energy spectral peaks due to the direct exciton and trion, in excellent quantitative agreement with the available experimental data. At finite doping, the indirect dark exciton brightens with its optical oscillator strength becoming comparable to the conventional trion and direct exciton states at moderately low doping levels, offering the novel interpretation of the observed complex spectra of MoS${_2}$ monolayer.


The historical process of computer science in sports has arrived at a state where technical limitations are increasingly overcome by the general technological development. This allows to devote more time and effort to theoretical problems concerned for example with model building in sports. In order to find an appropriate description for training as well as for competition in game sports, there are many reasons to adopt a system view. While this idea is rather new for training, several approaches have been developed to model competition as a complex system. The actual agenda for computer science in team sports may be characterized by three projects: Real time position analysis is about to be ready for practical purposes, information technology will be further exploited in order to improve support for practice, and the search for a comprehensive model for training, skill level, and competition in team sports will be an important step to improve the practical impact of scientific service. New theoretical developments as well as present hot spots of computer science in sports show not only that this area is a well established part of scientific service for team sports, but that there are many promising perspectives that let expect a further increasing importance for computer science in sports.


Hyperspectral images (HSIs) are widely used in agriculture and environmental monitoring. However, due to the climate and weather conditions, the acquired images commonly contain noise or detail loss, which greatly affects the image interpretation. To solve the problem, we propose a HSI denoising network based on the combination of Transformer and convolutional neural network (CNN), which can effectively improve the complex noise while ensuring image quality by using the powerful local analysis ability of CNN and the effective global feature interaction of Transformer. Extensive experiments on HSI dataset show that the proposed method outperforms four closely related methods.


BACKGROUND
Reduction myocardial I/R injury has become the key in the therapy of ischemic cardiovascular disease. Isoflurane (ISO) preconditioning can mimic the major potent protective mechanisms and attenuate ischemia injury. Nevertheless, the mechanisms involved in the cardioprotective afforded by isoflurane preconditioning have never been valuated systematically.

METHODS
Mice were randomly divided into an ISO preconditioning group and control group. The size of infarcted region was measured, and comparisons between ISO preconditioning and control animals were made. The metabotropic glutamate receptor type 1(GRM1) expression levels in all groups were determined by quantitative PCR. GRM1 protein expression and DNA damage relative protein γ-H2AX were measured by western blot analysis. The oxidative stress was detected by immunofluorescence after staining with the Dihydroethidium (DHE).

RESULTS
ISO preconditioning significantly reduced the IR induced infarct volumes and reversed the GRM1 protein expression level in I/R induced myocardial injury. Moreover, ISO preconditioning have the protect effect to reduce the I/R induced DNA damage and oxidative stress.

CONCLUSION
The results of the present study have demonstrated that the expression of GRM1 provides a protective role in ISO preconditioning against I/R-induced myocardial infarction by reduce the oxidative stress and DNA damage.


One or more embodiments relate to a method of forming a semiconductor structure, comprising: providing a workpiece (205); Forming a dielectric barrier layer (230) over the workpiece (205); Forming an opening through the dielectric barrier layer (230); Forming a seed layer (250) over the dielectric barrier layer (230) and said dielectric barrier layer opening (232, 234) and electroplating a first fill layer (272, 274) on the seed layer (250).


* Acknowledgments * Introduction *1. A Duty Peculiarly Fitting to Women *2. Celebrating Black Memory in the Postbellum South *3. Archiving White Memory *4. Black Remembrance in the Age of Jim Crow *5. Exhibiting Southernness in a New Century *6. Black Memorials and the Bulldozer Revolution *7. Contested History in the Sunbelt South * Conclusion * Notes * Index


The attribute-value representation of documents used in text mining provides a natural framework for classifying or clustering documents based on their contents. In the context of machine learning algorithms, the attribute-value representation of documents is often accomplished by using the bag-of-words approach. Since every word in the document could be treated as an attribute, such an approach is characterized by yielding very high dimensional data. In fact, the representation of documents has a crucial influence on how well some learning algorithms (either supervised or unsupervised) can perform. As one of the main contributions of this work, a framework to efficiently decomposing text into words by using the bag-of-words approach, as well as reducing the dimensionality of the representation generated, is presented. This framework makes text accessible to most machine learning algorithms for it only requires data to be described as a vector of fixed dimensionality. In order to illustrate the framework proposed, a computational tool was implemented. This tool by, among other things, reducing the dimensionality of the text representation can lead to an improvement in the performance of the machine learning techniques being applied. The types of machine learning algorithms employed were either supervised or unsupervised, depending on the problem in hand. For instance, supervised learning algorithms can be applied whenever the documents have labels preassigned, whereas unsupervised learning algorithms are often applied to unlabelled data. For the case of unsupervised learning, in order to evaluate if a given cluster corresponds to a certain concept, this work takes another approach by using inductive learning techniques. For example, with this approach one could understand how the system represents and reasons about the acquired knowledge. Explanation facilities are required both for user acceptance of the solution generated by the system, and for the purpose of understanding whether the reasoning is sound.


Objective:To observe the clinical effect of body acupuncture and box moxibustion for patients with primary dysmenorrhea.Methods:31 Patients received the treatment of points of GuanYuan,bilateral Diji,SanYinJiao,TaiXi and Taichong combined box moxibustion,a course of treatment from each beginning 1 week before menstruation to menses,once daily.The efficacy was evaluated after three consecutive courses.Results:Among 31 cases,9 cases were cured,11 cases obviously improved,7 cases improved and 4 cases had no response,and the total effective rate was 87.10%.Conclusion:The combination of body acupuncture and box moxibustion treatment can get good effect for primary dysmenorrhea.


Background In complex situations, regular on-shelf orthopedic implants are not suitable or sufficient to ensure the expected biomechanical or biological function, and customized implants could theoretically offer a solution. Preoperative planning, procedure rehearsal, patient teaching, and three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting are other uses of the fast-spreading 3D printing technology. Aim This review deals with the status and future uses of 3D printing and its various applications in orthopedic surgery. In the past decades, enormous technological progress in the field of radiological data acquisition, processing, and 3D printing technologies led to an explosive advancement of this promising industry. Materials and methods A literature review of the recent and relevant publications with a special focus on the various orthopedic applications of 3D printing technology was done. Conclusion 3D printing offers already a valid yet still an expensive solution in certain orthopedic indications. Soon, orthopedic surgeons will be able to use this emerging technology more frequently as more and more companies offer cheaper rapid prototyping manufacturing solutions. Nevertheless, the technology still needs improvement, and many issues such as accuracy, long-term survivorship, and legal liability for the customized implants are still not fully solved.


1. Inclusion of raw kidney bean (Phasealus vulgaris) proteins in the diet for rats was shown to affect the weight of some internal organs. Of these, in addition to the well-known hypertrophy of the pancreas attributable to dietary trypsin inhibitors, the observed atrophy of the thymus and the doubling in weight of the small intestine are related to the protein or lectin content of the bean diet, or both. 2. Changes in tissue composition of the small intestine were also recorded. Its protein content increased by about 40–50% and carbohydrate content doubled suggesting the occurrence of increased mucinous glycoprotein secretion. Increased DNA content (by about 30–40 %) however also indicated mucosal hyperplasia. 3. Changes were also observed in mineral content, urea concentration and some enzyme activities in sera and urine, possibly as a result of disturbances in systemic metabolism or hormone levels, or both. 4. The results gave further support to previous suggestions that the oral toxicity of kidney-bean lectins involves local reactions in the small intestine in combination with their effects on the systemic immune system and general metabolism.


There are abundant supply of biomass. However the exploited biomass should be non-edible or industrial residues. Most national energy demand is covered by fossil fuels where some are imported. Government policies are required. In the future, energy demand will be managed efficiently and covered mostly by renewable energy and the rest by fossil fuels. There are many barriers for changes, especially due to fuel subsidy. Road maps for bioenergy production and for biofuel usage mandatory until 2025 have been launched. Feed-in-Tariff for electricity generated from biomass and MSW has been introduced as well. However, most electricity generated by private companies are off-grid and used internally for production process. Blending of diesel fuel and FAME was introduced since 2006 and recently it reaches B-10. In contrast, blending of gasoline with bioethanol, which was launched in 2006 as well, is not marketed anymore since 2010 due to incompetitive price. Keywordsbiofuel; biomass; government policy; road map; subsidy.


Accurate fault location of distribution network is of great significance for improving the reliability of power supply and reducing the loss caused by continuous power outage. However, due to the distribution networks have multiple feeders and shorter lengths of each feeder, which are different from the transmission network, making it more difficult to locate faults. In this paper, based on the characteristics of the distribution network, an accurate fault location method of distribution network is developed using limited number of synchronization phase measurement units (PMUs). The method including two steps: First, based on the distribution parameter model, after the faults happen, the voltage and current information from the PMUs installed at the end of the line will be collected to calculate the voltage at the headend of the branching point, if the fault line exists fault branch, the headend voltage of the fault branch will be abnormal. Then, the fault distance could be calculated based on voltage distribution along the two ends of the fault branch. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is verified by electromagnetic transient simulation. The simulation result shows that the proposed algorithm only use limited number of PMUs to locate fault accurately without the need of PMUs on both ends of lines, which is not affected by transition resistance and fault type. Ensuring high accuracy, the proposed method is also very economic and has well application prospects.


The present invention relates to an anti-rotation feature to prevent rotation of the housing relative to the nutplate of the filter assembly and a method of manufacturing the filter assembly. Flange method of the present invention will filter housing radially deformed into a preform shape of the anti-rotation features, for example, does not utilize secondary operations caulking the caulked portion of the selected edge.


In order to improve the efficiency of software development and the quality of software,the study applies a new generation process RUP in developing software and a visual modeling language UML.Currently both of them are extensively used in the process of software development.This paper briefly introduces the RUP technology and UML language.Under the framework of RUP,an UML modeling technology is used to design a management system on the management of equipment defects.The development of the system can optimize the iterative development and the system modeling process at each stage.Therefore it can mitigate the development risk and the model complexity,and thus improve the software quality,and increase the efficiency of software development.


The Smith-Waterman algorithm is employed in the field of Bioinformatics to find optimal local alignments of two DNA or protein sequences. It is a classic example of a dynamic programming algorithm. Because it is highly parallel both spatially and temporally and because the fundamental data structure is compact, Smith-Waterman lends itself very well to operation on an FPGA. Here we demonstrate an implementation of this important algorithm in a novel FSB module using the Intel Accelerator Abstraction Layer (AAL), a newly released software middleware layer. We have modified SSEARCH35, an industry standard open-source implementation of the Smith-Waterman algorithm, to transparently introduce a hardware accelerated option to users. We demonstrate performance of nine billion cell updates per second and discuss further opportunities for performance improvement.


A lower bound on minimum distance of convolutional polar codes is provided. The bound is obtained from the minimum weight of generalized cosets of the codes generated by bottom rows of the polarizing matrix. Minimum weight of cosets is also used for construction of convolutional polar subcodes, which provide lower FER under list SC decoding compared to polar subcodes and convolutional polar codes.


According to the modern demands of regulated use of chemical plant protection under the laws of Ukraine "On ensuring sanitary and epidemiological welfare of population", "On Pesticides and Agrochemicals" and "On Plant Protection" in M.M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine protective measures against diseases aimed at regulating the density in a agrocenoses, control distribution, intensity of development and harmfulness of pathogens. We carried out a three-year study of influence a silicon-containing mixture on ability to live plant roses and intensity of development powdery mildew causes pathogen (Sphaеrotheca pannosа Lev. var. rosea Woron.). Founded positive influence this mixure on forming resistance roses variety Tornado (KORtor) from group Floribunda to infection of powdery mildew and compared its higher efficiency with the use of chemical plant protection. In the version using silicon-containing mixture was recorded the lowest level of destruction plants. It has been traced prolonged impact of this mixture on roses. It has been proved the rationality to use its in agrotechnics growing roses. It has been recommended the applying of this mineral recommended in quantity of 50 g/m2.


As a result of cultivation of A. laidlawii PG8 cells on the deficient medium during 480 days, the mycoplasma culture adapted in vitro to unfavorable growth conditions was obtained. The culture consisted of cells with sizes less than 0.2 µm and features of A. laidlawii PG8 ultramicroforms, nanocells. A. laidlawii PG8 culture adapted in vitro to unfavorable growth conditions shows more evident phytopathogenicity than the unadapted one. Infecting plants V. minor L. by A. laidlawii PG8 culture adapted in vitro to UGC resulted in the appearance of chloroses in 75%, necrosis – 50%, leaves marcescence – 50% and abnormalities of bine development in 30% of plants through 12 days, while infecting plants by A. laidlawii PG8 culture unadapted to UGC led to respective signs in 40%, 25%, 25% and 0% of samples, respectively, through 30 days. The ability of A. laidlawii PG8 to form UMF resistant to stress factors in UGC with high phytopathogenic potential seems to demand a new approach to investigate the precise mechanisms of interacting the mycoplasma with host organisms.


During the last three years, fifty-three patients with carcinoma of the larynx and laryngopharynx have been diagnosed and treated at the bronchoscopic clinic of the Manhattan Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital. Of these patients thirty have been under continuous observation. The remaining twenty-three, after having been diagnosed as patients with carcinoma of the larynx and laryngopharynx, received from one to two treatments with radium but were then completely lost trace of, so that this report must necessarily deal with but thirty case reports. The radium dosage was regulated and controlled by Dr. Robinson, who is in charge of the radium at the Manhattan Eye, Ear and Throat Hospital. In all the patients treated, when the radium was applied internally it was done by using the element in 5 to 10 mg. platinum needles. When the radium was applied externally, it was done by the block method. Most of the


The objective of this study is to provide basic data and implications of the on-line climate change education for the elementary school students by surveying recognition of Importance-Performance analysis. For this objective, a questionnaire was performed by targeting 90 elementary school student(4th to 6th Grade) being distributed in Seoul and its result is as follows. First, considerable number of students learned of the contents of climate change through any type of media. Second, most students are focus on not educational environment but communication and interaction with other person in web. Third, score of Importance about method of using media was also above normal but compared with that of recognition of Performance for web-based education, it was represented to be low. So on-line climate change education is required to be performed for a change of attitude, practice will as well as recognition of the students. It is suggested that on-line education is required to focus on guiding the student to have right knowledge and attitude for climate change and fostering a sense of responsibility of the students.


Thank you for downloading the sinister side how left right symbolism shaped western art. As you may know, people have search hundreds times for their favorite readings like this the sinister side how left right symbolism shaped western art, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some malicious virus inside their desktop computer.


【Objective】This study investigated the effects of green manure and nitrogen fertilizer application on soil chemical properties and enzyme activities to choose optimal green manure species and nitrogen fertilizer application amount.【Method】Soil samples were collected in June and September 2012fromalong-term green manure experiment plot located in Changwu,China,which started in 2008 with 4green manure treatments(soybean,mung bean,huai bean and fallow)and 4nitrogen fertilizer treatments(no nitrogen fertilizer,80%,100% and 120% of the local conventional nitrogen fertilizer rate of 135kg/hm2).Soil chemical properties(organic matter,alkali-hydrolyzable N,available P,and available K)and activities of five soil enzymes(invertase,urease,alkaline phophatase,arylsulphatase,and dehydrogenase)were analyzed.【Result】Growth and incorporation of green manure significantly increased the contents of soil organic matter,alkali-hydrolyzable N and available P,but had little effect on available K content.Except the decrease of soil dehydrogenase activity in soybean treatment,green manure significantly increased soil enzymes activities with the highest increase in total enzyme activity index(TEI)in huai bean treatment followed by mung bean and soybean.TEI of fallow treatment was significantly lower.With the increase of nitrogen application,the activities of soil invertase,urease(except June),and arylsulphatase decreased,while alkaline phosphatase activity was little affected.Green manure and nitrogen application had strong interaction on soil enzyme activities.There were significant correlations between most soil enzyme activities and chemical properties after green manure growth and incorporation.【Conclusion】Huai bean was a good leguminous green manure in Loess Plateau dryland.Green manure growth and incorporation could reduce the nitrogen application rate and the obtained optimum nitrogen application rate was 108kg/hm2.


Sugarcane bagasse was used with other locally available ingredients to constitute a complete ration, bagasse-based feed (BBF) for ruminants. The effect of the feed on rumen pH and ammonia was studied. The effect of the feed on intake and live weight gain in goats was also determined in a growth trial. At the end of the feeding trial 4 goats, 2 in the treatment and 2 in the control were selected and were slaughtered for carcass evaluation. The intake of the BBF was significantly (P<0.05) higher than that of the control diet. The apparent digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) for BBF was 76.9, 76.8 and 59.1 % respectively and was significantly different (P<0.05) from the control diet which was 68.2, 70.0 and 69.9 % respectively. There was no significant difference in the apparent digestibility of the crude protein (CP), which was on average 73.5 %. The nitrogen retention was on average 72 % of the Nintake for both of the diets. BBF did not affect the rumen pH but there was a significant increase in rumen ammonia-N. At the end of 117 days of feeding trial animals on BBF had a significantly higher (P<0.05) average daily gain (ADG) of 116 g/day compared to 82 g/ day for the control diet. The dressing percentage of goats on average was 46.8%. The legs and loin, neck, breast and shank and the shoulder represented 43%, 11%, 27% and 19% of the total carcass. A partial budget analysis was carried out and showed a cost of feed of Rs 39 for 1kg of liveweight gain for BBF compared to Rs 48 for the control diet. It is concluded that BBF has a good nutritive value and can be used as a sole feed for goats.


The booster vaccine polemic became a trending topic on Twitter and reaped many pros and cons. This booster vaccine began to be distributed on January 12, 2022. This booster vaccine program was implemented free of charge for the people of Indonesia to prevent the new variant of Covid-19, Omicron. The contribution of this study is to analyze the sentiment of booster vaccines to prevent covid-19 using the Naïve Bayes and TF-IDF methods. We conducted sentiment analysis to determine whether the tweet was positive, negative, or neutral. The solution used is the Naïve Bayes method and TF-IDF. The role of TF-IDF is to determine how relevant the data in the document is by utilizing word weighting. The stages of this research using CRISP-DM include Business Understanding, Data Understanding, Data Preparation, Modelling, Evaluation, and Deployment. The net data results show 1,557 data with a positive sentiment of 1,335, a neutral sentiment of 171 data, and a negative sentiment of 51 data. The test results with 60:40 data sharing obtained accuracy, precision, and recall values of 85.26%, 85%, and 100%. The results of this test have increased by 7.26%, 12%, and 20% from other previous studies with the same data distribution.


Football video has been one of the most widely enjoyed video genres in video-on-demand and other value-add services. The automatic analysis of football video contents presents a significant challenge for the media industry. The aim of this book is to provide a solution to content-based applications, such as automatic video summarisation, personalised video skimming and content-based adaptive video encoding. The book addresses state-of-art techniques, involving content sensitive video segmentation, game pitch detection, replay and other editing sequence simulation, event discrimination, salient estimation and attention-based highlight identification. Most of these techniques are also able to be employed in other field-based sports video analysis, e.g. basketball and rugby. This book is suitable for engineers and researchers with the background knowledge about video engineering and content analysis.


An approach to studying ergodic properties of time-dependent periodic Hamiltonian flows on symplectic metric manifolds is developed. Such flows have applications in mechanics and mathematical physics. Based both on J. Mather's results [9] about homology of probability invariant measures minimizing some Lagrangian functionals and on the symplectic field theory devised by A. Floer and others [3]–[8],[12, 15] for investigating symplectic actions and Lagrangian submanifold intersections, an analog of Mather's β–function is constructed subject to a Hamiltonian flow reduced invariantly upon some compact neighborhood of a Lagrangian submanifold. Some results on stable and unstable manifolds to hyperbolic periodic orbits having applications in the theory of adiabatic invariants of slowly perturbed integrable Hamiltonian systems are stated within the Gromov-SalamonZehnder [3, 5, 12] elliptic techniques in symplectic geometry. Introduction. The past years have given rise to several exciting developments in the field of symplectic geometry and dynamical systems [3]–[12], which introduced new mathematical tools and concepts suitable for solving numerous problems wich were earlier intractable. When studying periodic solutions to non-autonomous Hamiltonian systems, Salamon & Zehnder [3] developed a proper Morse theory for infinite dimensional loop manifolds based on previous results on symplectic geometry of Lagrangian submanifolds of Floer [4, 6]. Investigating at the same time ergodic measures related with Lagrangian dynamical systems on tangent spaces to configuration manifolds, Mather [9] 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification. 37A05, 37B35, 37C40, 37C60, 37J10, 37J40, 37J45.


Bezdan, E., Kester, L., & Kirschner, P. A. (2012, 29-31 August). The influence of annotation in graphical organizers. Poster presented at the biannual meeting of the EARLI Special Interest Group Comprehension of Text and Graphics, Grenoble, France.


Contents: This book charts how Stevenson's experience and imagination contributed to his Pacific fiction and asserts that Stevenson rendered exotic setting with unique realism and symbolism.


1. A method for producing acrylic acid from propylene comprising a first step oxidation of propylene to acrolein and a second stage oxidation of acrolein to acrylic acid, characterized in that it comprises a step of dehydrating glycerol carried out in the presence of a gas comprising propylene. ! 2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the gas comprising propylene is the reaction gas discharged from the propylene to acrolein oxidation step. ! 3. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the dehydration reaction is carried out in the gas phase in the presence of a catalyst. ! 4. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that molecular oxygen is added in the step of dehydration of glycerol. ! 5. A method according to claim 3, characterized in that molecular oxygen is added in the step of dehydration of glycerol. ! 6. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the glycerol is introduced in liquid or gaseous form. ! 7. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that glycerol is used in pure form or as a concentrated or dilute solution. ! 8. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the oxidation of propylene was carried out in the presence of excess heat.


In this paper we compared single path and multipath routing protocols over mobile ad hoc wireless networks using ns-2 simulator. Simulation results are presented by varying number of source, pause time and node


The article shows the creation of 6 trained models for the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases based on 6 different machine learning algorithms. The best machine learning algorithm is determined. The quality of the model was assessed according to such metrics as the proportion of correct answers, accuracy, and recall. An overview of already implemented projects for the use of artificial intelligence in medicine in Kazakhstan and in the world is presented. Using data of 224 patients, is created training dataset to further train the models.


In this paper an artificial life approach to the explanation of the shape of vowel systems is presented. A population of artificial agents (small independent computer programs) that are each able to produce and perceive vowels in a human-like way, engages in imitation games. In these imitation games one agent makes a sound and another agent tries to imitate it. Both agents use their list of phonemes for analysing and producing the sounds. Depending on the outcome of the language game, the agents update their phoneme .lists, using only local information. It is demonstrated that in this way vowel systems that look remarkably like human vowel systems emerge. The process is insensitive to factors such as noise level, initial conditions and number of agents. It is argued that this could be a useful way of explaining the universal characteristics of human vowel systems. 1 I n t r o d u c t i o n The world's languages contain a surprising number of different sounds. In the most recent version (1996) of the UCLA Phonological Segment Inventory Database (Maddieson, 1984) 921 different segments are recognised: 652 consonants and 269 vowels and diphthongs. However, in any particular language, only a limited number of these sounds are used. According to Maddieson, most languages have between 20 and 37 phonemes. The minimum number is 11 for the East-Papuan language Rotokas and the SouthAmerican language Mfra-Pirahg, and the maximum number is 141 for the Khoisan language !Xfi (Grimes, 1996; Maddieson, 1984). The typical number of phonemes, according to Maddieson, lies between 20 and 37. Also certain regularities are found in the sound systems of the languages of the world. If we concentrate on vowels, we find that certain vowels, such as [u] [a] and [i] appear almost universally, while other vowels, such as [~], [o] and [ce] are much rarer. The structure of vowel systems also shows great regularities. They tend to be symmetric. If a language has a front vowel of a certain height, for example [e], it is likely to have the back vowel of the same height [o] as well, although the two vowels will usually differ in rounding. Languages tend to prefer vowel systems in which the acoustic difference between the vowels is as big as possible. For this reason, vowel systems with just [i], [a] and [u] appear more frequently than systems with just [e], [a] and [o], or with [i], [a] and [m]. Traditionally, these phenomena have been explained through distinctive feature theory (Chomsky and Halle, 1968; Jakobson and Halle, 1956). The preferred shapes of vowel systems are explained by innate distinctive features, and by their markedness. Features split up the continuous articulatory space. As there are only a limited number of features, vowel systems will only contain a limited number of vowels, and because some features are more marked than


The present invention relates to an inorganic - organic composite flocculant polyol preparation method and use, the inorganic - organic composite flocculant polyols include polydimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride, 4A zeolite, elm fur powder, modified fly ash, sodium iron, red clay, and additives. The flocculant having a flocculation speed, with less wide pH range of trial and many other advantages, has wide application in industry.


The lethal and sublethal effects of three insecticides (Confidor 70WG, Thiodan WP35 and Nimbecidine) and two fungicides (Gruenkupfer Linz and Euparen M WG50) on Heteromurus nitidus (Collembola: Entomobryidae) were observed in a laboratory study according to the international standard ISO 11267 (1999) for Folsomia candida (Collembola: Isotomidae). A range finder test (duration: 14 days) was conducted to choose appropriate sublethal concentrations for the final test (duration: 28 days). The results revealed that H. nitidus was susceptible to standard test concentrations of Confidor and Thiodan in contrast to those of Gruenkupfer, Nimbecidine and Euparen M with regard to lethal effects. It was shown that H. nitidus was less susceptible towards Confidor, Nimbecidine, Gruenkupfer Linz, and Euparen M compared to F. Candida (IDINGER 2002). The comparison of results of the range finder and the final test was only possible on the basis of the NOEC, which was similar for Confidor in both tests. For Thiodan, Nimbecidine and Euparen M, the final test showed different NOEC-values than the range finder test, and for Gruenkupfer the NOEC could only be detected in the final test. Due to the low reproduction rates of H. nitidus in the control groups, the observed sublethal effects were not indicative for this study. The risk evaluation of results was difficult but there are indications for a long-term environmental risk of Confidor and Thiodan towards Collembola. The suitability of H. nitidus as bioindicator to detect sublethal effects with the present ISO method was discussed.


In general, most of the firms do not settle down in one place for their pursuit of profit. There are many reasons for the relocation of the firms; procurement of raw material, market area, transportation cost and housing cost. The aspect of national policy, firm relocation has been systemically promoted for the purpose of logistics system efficiency. Nowadays balanced regional development has been issue. Another aspect, many countries have struggled for the preoccupancy of new place because of its production cost saving and curtailment of expenditure. The aim of this article is qualitative and quantitative analysis of relocation influence factors of domestic goods firms in Korea. This article dynamically analyzed the relocation influence factors for domestic goods firms in Korea. For the analysis this article made use of complementary survey (2006) out of the 3rd national logistics survey (2005). The complementary survey conducted pre-business district, business period, relocation reason, etc. This article dynamically analyzed from the three aspects; observation of average residence time in one business district, relocation factors, influence of market area. Analysis shows that relocation of firm is very high rate and the reasons of relocation play compositeness role. The results of determinants of location, firms approach the established market area closely and the firm's relocation is influenced by market area.


Based on the engineering design channel model,from the engineering analysis to the utility of the system modulating technology and the processing gain in the wireless fire alarm system,conclusions as follow were educed: The utility of thedirect sequence spread spectrum technology and the use of lower information transmission rate and the higher rate of pseudo-code will improve the electromagnetic compatibility and the anti-jamming capability of the system,which will ensure the reliability of the signal transmission and provide a theoretical basis for applying the system in more complex engineering environment.


Metonymy and metaphor are assumed to form a continuum with fuzzy cases between these categories. The paper focuses on the intermediate notion of metonymy-based metaphor. Four sources which may give rise to metonymy-based metaphor are distinguished: (i) a common experiential basis of source and target domain, due to the relationships of correlation and complementarity, (ii) conversational implicature, illustrated in the areas of implicated result and causation, implicated possession, and implicated purpose and activity, (iii) the taxonomic structure of categories, (iv) cultural models, exemplified by way of our folk understanding of physical force, communication and language, and emotion and physiological reaction. (Gunter Radden)


We consider the nearest neighbors one-dimensional totally asymmetric simple exclusion process starting with ones to the left of the origin, a second class particle at the origin, a third class particle at site 1 and no particles to the right of site 1. We show that the probability that the third class particle is to the right of the second class particle at time t converges to 2/3 as t → ∞. We also consider the asymmetric exclusion process with transition rates having a positive mean and show that if the system starts with a product measure with densities λ > ρ to the left and right of the origin, respectively, then the position of the second class particle at time t divided by t converges in distribution to a uniform random variable in the interval [−(ρ− λ), ρ− λ], extending a result by the first author and Kipnis.


The quantitative assessment of integrated passenger transport hub transfer system in the planning and design existed difficulties. Aimed at the problem, it adopted the model calculation and investigation of the quantitative data of the correction, integrated the transfer distance of transfer passenger transport hub into the ideal range, the more ideal, acceptable, tolerable, and intolerable five levels, and addressed their corresponding values of the quantitative criteria. Then, it obtains the quantitative evaluation method and preliminary evaluation of quantitative evaluation criteria of transfer passenger transport hub. The results indicate that the quantitative evaluation method of the transfer system of integrated passenger transport hub is feasible and applicable, which provide theoretical and quantitative evaluation of decision-making basis for quantitative evaluation of integrated passenger transport hub.