CONTENTS I. Introduction 574 II. Brief historical review 575 III. General characteristics of the extraction of heteropoly-compounds 575 IV. Mechanism of the extraction of heteropoly-compounds 576 V. Chief factors influencing the extraction of heteropoly-compounds 577 VI. Analytical application of the extraction of heteropoly-compounds 580


To some people, the social sciences should be value free. And of all the methods in the social sciences that ought to be value free, evaluation should be most of all. After all, it is the final gatekeeper that clears applications of social science knowledge for practical use as policy. But those who have thought seriously about science realize scientists must make many choices. Not all such choices are automatically and completely determined by the logic of the steps of the "scientific method." They involve judgment, judgments such as what is important and what is not, what shall be studied, what shall be observed, what corrected or controlled for, what result is of practical significance and to whom? All these judgments involve the weighing of various factors and deciding what is best in the situation to attain some kind of worthy goal. It is worth noting, that it is in the act of making these judgments that evaluators demonstrate their professionalism and their skill. These judgments define the unique characteristics of one evaluator in contrast to another; each evaluation position is demarked from others by the way it handles the value questions poised in this section. In one sense, it is these questions augmented to form a completely descriptive set, which would come closest to uniquely defining the act of evaluation. But the point to be made here is that values are involved in the social sciences and, thus, we must ask not "whether" but "how" they are involved in evaluation.


The observations were made at a central wavelength of 580 nm with the UVES red arm and at 437 and 860 nm in dichroic mode, using both the blue and red arms. In one observation block the field has been derotated in order to align the 0.3-arcsec aperture perpendicularly to Venus's rotation axis, while in other observations it was aligned parallel to it. In each case, spatial information, respectively in the East-West and in the North-South direction, is preserved in the spectra in the direction perpendicular to dispersion, allowing to spatially resolve relative variations in atmospheric rotation.


The polymeric graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has been one of the interesting earth abundant elements. Though g-C3N4 finds application as a photocatalyst, its photocatalytic behaviour is limited because of low efficiency, mainly due to rapid charge recombination. To overcome this problem, several strategies have been developed including doping of metal/non-metal in the cavity of g-C3N4. Moreover, the CoFe2O4 NPs have been used in many organic transformations because of its high surface area and easy separation due to its magnetic nature. This review describes the role of cobalt ferrite as magnetic nanoparticles and metal-doped carbon nitride as efficient heterogeneous catalysts for new carbon-carbon and carbon-hetero atom bond formation followed by heterocyclization. Reactions which involved new catalysts for selective activation of readily available substrates has been reported herein. Since nanoparticles enhance the reactivity of catalyst due to higher catalytic area, they have been employed in various reactions such as addition reaction, C-H activation reaction, coupling reaction, cyclo-addition reaction, multi-component reaction, ring-opening reaction, oxidation reaction and reduction reactions etc. The driving force for choosing this topic is based-on huge number of good publications including different types of spinels/metal doped-/graphitic carbon nitride reported in the literature and due to interest of synthetic community in recent years. This review certainly will represent the present status in organic transformation and for exploring further their catalytic efficiency to new organic transformations involving C-H activation reaction through coupling, cyclo-addition, multi-component, ring-opening, oxidation and reduction reactions.


Although, strictly, only ZrZn2 and Sc3In are intinerant ferromagnets, the phrase ''itinerant magnetism'' is used to describe all kinds of magnetism in metals containing well localized magnetic moments. Theoretical analysis of ZrZn2 has enabled the successful prediction of new itinerant magnets. (AIP)


The article is devoted to the clarification of the peculiarities of the use of investment instruments for the development of the water supply and wastewater sector in Ukraine. The sphere of water supply and wastewater of Ukraine requires significant investments for the renewal of fixed assets of water supply and wastewater enterprises, reconstruction and development of engineering infrastructure, introduction of the latest technologies, improvement of the quality of services, etc. The authors consider the concept of investment, investment activity, investment program in the general context and in the field of water supply and wastewater. The structure of planned volumes of financing of measures of investment programs of water supply and wastewater enterprises in 2018 is being analyzed. Issues of application of other modern financial and economic mechanisms in the field of water supply and wastewater are considered. The article analyzes the state of realization of public-private partnership in the field of water supply and wastewater on the basis of statistical data. Investment approaches based on participative financing, which involves the use of financial resources not only of the state but also of local communities, business and civil society institutions, and financing through the use of opportunities of the market of debt obligations, including at the expense of the issue of municipal securities in the form of bonds of a local loan.


In this work, the performance evaluation of low-frequency and high-frequency MPEG-4 images is exclusively summarized. Our designed transmitting system including the convolutional interleaver is examined over the short-term blockfading channels. The signal envelope for the short-term fading can be obtained from the general Chi-Square distribution. When degree of freedom increase, the PSNRs in all cases increase. In the simulation result, the usage of the interleavers becomes noticeable at the degree of freedom higher than ten. The system performance in PSNR is significantly improved up to 6 dB.


Proceedings of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management, 3-6th July 2012, Istanbul, Turkey,An integrated computer decision making system is developed to help in product scheduling for a multi-product colour system. It is an attractive option that will enhance flexibility of supply in fast-changing areas, fashion design, and consumer tastes. Problems in the production system will be solved by designed models. The transformation of the local manufacturing industry towards CIM systems has already begun to take root. This paper examines the
potential benefits to TN Textiles and how it can exploit CIM technology. CIM simultaneously facilitates production
of high product variety at optimum costs as TN must work with increasingly scarce resources.


Nowadays, people are turning their attention to football as the business investment more and more, especially invest in joining football club. In addition, If the results of some matches do not meet the goal of the clubs, the investors will not invest in the club and the club may be loss a lot of money that they should be. So, we have developed the web system for a football match result prediction method in order to help making investment decisions for investors and generating the guidance for developing their football teams. The objective of this project is to predict the football match results for the English Premier League, and to analyze factors affecting the outcome of the match for guiding team improvement. This project collected previous three-season match information from www.premierleague.com to predict the current league season match results. All collected data were analyzed by the machine learning technique for building a football match result prediction model, and for finding factors affecting on football match results to give advice for improving their football teams. The testing results of the prediction are shown that the accuracy and the precision are more than 70%. Therefore, this system can help the user get the guidance for improving the football team and the precise prediction of football match results.


4135 Background: The knowledge of molecular aberrations that characterize the different types of NENS is still limited. Recent exome sequencing data has allowed the definition of the genetic basis ...


This study aimed to analyze the fermentation process of Civet Coffee through Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) magnetic field radiation. The research method used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) experimental. The sample of high quality pulped coffee that fermented by adding α- amylase and is grouped in seven. The six groups are exposed by ELF magnetic field in 100 μT and 300μT for 15 minutes, 30 minutes, and 45 minutes, and one group is served as the control. The result indicated that the population of Lactobacillus in the experiment groups increases significantly compared to the control. The exposed sample achieves the highest population in 300 μT intensity for 45 minutes. Also, the total of pH during the fermentation process did not show any significant changes. ELF magnetic field exposure in 300 μT optimized Lactobacillus proliferation drastically in the fermentation process of artificial Civet coffee. This research can contribute to developing fermentation technology based on ELF magnetic field radiation as well as improving the quality of artificial Civet coffee.


Purpose: To evaluate factors associated with the development of high myopia (worse than −6.00 D) over 7 years of follow-up in the COMET cohort. Methods: COMET enrolled 469 ethnically diverse children (6–11 years) with myopia between −1.25 and −4.50 D. They were randomized to either progressive addition lenses (PALs) or single vision lenses (SVLs), and followed for 5 years in their original lens assignment and 2 additional years wearing either spectacles (PALs or SVLs) or contact lenses. Refractive error was measured annually by cycloplegic autorefraction and axial length by A-Scan ultrasonography. Myopia for each child was defined as the mean spherical equivalent refractive error (SER) of the 2 eyes. Analyses were based on 7 years of follow-up. Time to high myopia was analyzed by Cox proportional hazard models and linear regression. Parental refraction data were available from 240 COMET subjects. Results: Younger (6–7 years) versus older (11 years) age at baseline was a significant risk factor (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 6.6, 95% CI = 3.4, 12.7) for having high myopia within 7 years. More (SER from −2.26 to −4.50 D) vs. less (SER from −1.25 to −2.25 D) baseline myopia was also a significant risk factor for high myopia at 7 years (adjusted HR = 7.4, 95% CI = 4.4, 12.4). Gender, ethnicity, and treatment assignment were not associated with the risk of high myopia within 7 years. Increased number of myopic parents was associated with a significant risk of high myopia in the children (p = 0.008). Conclusions: Children who developed high myopia during 7 years of follow-up were younger and had more myopia at baseline. They also were more likely to have two myopic parents. These children may be at greater risk for sight-threatening conditions later in life.


The embedded Universal Integrated Circuit Card (eUICC) is used in Machine-to-Machine communications. However, with the upcoming of 5G and the extended exploitation of Internet of Things, the next-generation of wireless systems and future smartphones will be equipped with the eUICC. The objective is to avoid the SIM card change in case where the data, the application type or the operator is changed. This implies that remote switching from one operator to another without any change of hardware or physical contact is now possible by remotely reprogramming the eUICC with less cost, less time and more efficiency. Also, linking multiple machines with the same phone number, and then on the same billing, will be a reality. However, the major concern in the use of eUICC is the mutual security between the user and the operator. In this paper, we study the security mechanisms of eUICC, according to the specifications of the international standardization bodies, and arise the potential vulnerabilities. We propose solutions to avoid such potential vulnerabilities.


Facility location-allocation decisions and inventory stocking decisions are very important in spare parts logistics. Both sets of decisions affect total costs in the system and the service levels that can be achieved by establishing distances between customers and distribution centers (DCs) in facility location-allocation, and by determining the availability of parts in inventory stocking. There is a tradeoff between total costs and service levels that decision makers have to explicitly take into account when designing a spare parts logistics (SPL) system. The integration of the location-inventory decisions along with the multiple objectives could lead to an approach in which the sub-optimality of solutions obtained separately and in a sequential approach can be overcome. However, this integration also increases the complexity of the problem. In this research, a nonlinear multi-objective optimization model was formulated in which the objectives are to minimize cost and maximize the service level. The goal is to determine the number and location of DCs, the allocation of customer demands to DCs, and the safety stock for parts to maintain at DCs. A time-based service level requirement is considered by allocating customers to DCs that can serve demands of those customers within a specified time window. To solve this formulation, an NSGA-II solution method was implemented and used to obtain Pareto optimal solutions for problems of different sizes. A full factorial experimental design was implemented to analyze the impact of factors on the problem and the performance of the solution approach. Computational results and general insights about the problem are presented. Tuesday, March 21, 2017 2:00 PM, Rogers 226 School of Mechanical, Industrial, and Manufacturing Engineering


Water security is a global concern sharpened by the biggest humanity challenge of climatic crisis. With the end of designing and implementing efficient and sustainable water management strategies, it is necessary to recognize the interdependence and coevolution between natural and social systems and understand how the double way relationships between these systems shape sustainability. The socio‐ecological systems (SES) sustainability approach is an alternative to this end. Conceptual challenges have been identified in the analysis of the sustainability of SES. These challenges include (i) A lack of clarity in the definition of SES sustainability, (ii) the non‐inclusion of some inherent SES characteristics that determine critical thresholds, and (iii) a lack of conceptual frameworks for analyzing the sustainability of SES and water security‐related ecosystem services. This study proposes a conceptual framework, based on a strong sustainability approach, for analyzing SES sustainability focusing on water security and addressing the above‐mentioned challenges. This conceptual development includes three elements: (i) the key thresholds to ensure ecological functionality; (ii) the benefits that society derives from ecological functioning and; (iii) the two‐way relationship between natural capital and social systems. Analyzing these three elements helps identification of different sustainability states of SESs, focusing on water security, in the presence of endogenous or exogenous drivers of change. The conceptualization and operationalization of SES sustainability focusing on water security allows the analysis of the trajectories of change and provides insights into the required water management strategies in the target territory.


Nath et al had developed Multi-Way Feedback Encryption Standard(MWFES) ver-1, 2, 3 where the authors have used feedbacks from forward and backward direction. In all the MWFES versions, the authors used byte level encryption and it was found that the results were quite satisfactory. In the present method Bit Level Multi Way Feedback Standard (BLMWFES-2), the encryption-decryption process is done in bit-level. The number of times the encryption process will be carried out(encryption number) is determined from the generated keypad. This keypad is generated from the user entered key (seed) using the key-expansion algorithm explained in section-II. This key expansion is the principal difference between the present work BLMWFES-2 and BLMWFES-1. A new concept called `Fold' has been introduced. Also the number of shuffling functions in used to rearrange the keypad is increased to twenty four functions as opposed to seven in BLMWFES-1. The order of execution of these functions to reshuffle the keypad is taken to be another key which shall be provided by anyone who is implementing this method. This method has been tested on standard plain texts such as ASCII `0', ASCII `1' and the results are found to be quite satisfactory. This method is immune to any classical form of attacks.


The article has introduced the latest plants in the world and the trend of the development of thin slab casting and rolling technology. One is that the thin slab technology is connected with the blast furnace converter route to produce ultra thin hot strip(≤1 mm) by using much more pure liquid steel. The other is that the hot rolled strip now is used as a substitute for cold rolled strip. Furthermore, two new technologies, semi endless rolling and ferritic rolling, are introduced, which have been used for ultra thin hot strip rolling.


: This study aimed to evaluate the influence of the number of stems and row spacing on cape gooseberry growth and yield in the open field. A completely randomized block design was adopted in a three-factor arrangement (number of stems × spacings × evaluations). The spatial arrangements used were the spacing between rows of 3.0 and 1.5 m, keeping 0.5 m between plants. The formation pruning consisted of maintaining 4, 6 and 8 stems per plant. The evaluations were carried out weekly from the pruning until the plant senescence. The height and diameter of the stem showed gradual growth and the number of leaves decreased with the beginning of production during the plant cycle. Plants conducted with four stems showed a larger stem diameter and a greater height in the 1.5 m spacing between rows, while the number of leaves, fruits and yield increased as the number of stems increased. The largest number of fruits and the highest estimated yields were found in the 1.5 m spacing between rows, regardless of the number of stems, with an average value of 621 thousand fruits ha -1 and yields of 2.15 t ha -1 for fruits with calyx and 1.70 t ha -1 for fruits without calyx.


To improve the friction power (轉動) durability (耐久性) of the belt. V-ribbed belt (V ribbed belt) (10) is provided with a compressed rubber section 14 provided under the adhesion rubber portion 12, and a bonding rubber portion (12). The bonding rubber portion 12 will be buried in the core wire (心 線) (11) the tension member (tension member) of the belt. Bonded rubber section 12 is provided with a lower layer (12B) constituting a top layer (12A) and constituting the bottom to the top boundary of the core wire (11). An upper layer (12A) and lower layer (12B) is, EPM, high viscosity elastomer such as EPDM, and a Mooney viscosity than the high viscosity elastomer (Mooney viscosity) is low, low viscosity at the same time would one vulcanizing a rubber composition comprising an elastomer, short fibers (短纖維) (modified (變成) as 21A, 21B) comprises a nylon microfiber. Short fibers (21A, 21B) are each oriented in a belt width direction and longitudinal direction.


On 31 January 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a global emergency after the discovery of a new pandemic disease that caused severe lung problems. The spread of the disease at an international level drew the attention of many researchers who attempted to find solutions to ameliorate the problem. The implementation of robotics has been one of the proposed solutions, as automated humanoid robots can be used in many situations and limit the exposure of humans to the disease. Many humanoid robot implementations are found in the literature; however, most of them have some distinct drawbacks, such as a high cost and complexity. Our research proposes a novel, secure and efficient programmable system using a humanoid robot that is able to autonomously move and detect survivors in emergency scenarios, with the potential to communicate verbally with victims. The proposed humanoid robot is powered by the cloud and benefits from the powerful storage, computation, and communication resources of a typical modern data center. In order to evaluate the proposed system, we conducted multiple experiments in synthetic hazardous environments.


A continuous cycle engine comprises two or three pumps which are connected end to end so as to form an overall unit; when the overall unit is composed of two pumps, the two pumps are respectively a gas compressor and an acting machine; when the overall unit comprises three pumps, a supercharger pump is connected in front of the gas compressor, a combustion chamber is arranged between the gas compressor and the acting machine, the flow of the gas compressor is smaller than that of the acting machine, and the rotors of the pumps are connected with an output shaft; and when in work, under the action of gas inflation pressure in the combustion chamber, the acting machine drives the gas compressor to rotate so as to lead the gas compressor to continuously compress combustible mixed gas into the combustion chamber for continuous combustion, thus forming a continuous cycle engine.


This paper analyses the upconversion avalanche mechanism under excitation around 750 nm and around 800-830 nm in the Ho3+, Yb3+:YLF system. Based on a rate equation model, a numerical simulation of the avalanche processes is provided. Key word: avalanche process, Ho 3+ ions, Yb 3+ ions, YLF system, rate equation numerical simulation.


Recent driving assistance technologies such as Electronic Stability Control (ESC) and auto brake system release drivers from complicated driving tasks. On the other hand, there is concern that it reduces pleasure feelings of a driver if these system's behaviors are different from the driver's intention. To avoid such problem, it is important to evaluate the driver's intention and decision-making process, and design the assistance system to fit it. In this research, we propose an unsupervised reinforcement learning driver model based on human cognitive mechanism and human brain architecture. Because this study's objective is to analyze the process of driving decision making, we hire a simple actor-critic model as a driver model. We set learning parameters from the driver's decision making characteristics which are derived from the task execution process of the human brain, and set state space from driver's sensory characteristics. This driver model can predict lane change decision making adequately and shows high accuracy (ACC=94%) on verification tests with real driving data. This result is similar to unpublished results of a deep neural network driver model which use the same data as teaching data. From these results, we consider that the proposed reward function and learned state space represent the driver's decision making characteristics.


Active learning agents typically employ a query selection algorithm which solely considers the agent's learning objectives. However, this may be insufficient in more realistic human domains.  This work uses imitation learning to enable an agent in a constrained environment to concurrently reason about both its internal learning goals and environmental constraints externally imposed, all within its objective function. Experiments are conducted on a concept learning task to test generalization of the proposed algorithm to different environmental conditions and analyze how time and resource constraints impact efficacy of solving the learning problem. Our findings show the environmentally-aware learning agent is able to statistically outperform all other active learners explored under most of the constrained conditions. A key implication is adaptation for active learning agents to more realistic human environments, where constraints are often externally imposed on the learner.


The phenomenon of coherence resonance of a nonlinear integral-and-fire model subject to a voltage-gated channel noise and a synaptic noise is investigated. Based on the adiabatic approximation theory,we obtain the approximate expressions of the firing rate (FR),the probability distribution of the first fire (FPD),and the coefficient of variation (CV) of interspike interval of firing. It is shown that the FPD and the FR are non-monotonic functions of the strength of the voltage-gated channel noise and the synaptic noise. Furthermore,by choosing appropriate noise parameter,spontaneous fire of neuron can occur,i.e.,the phenomenon of coherence resonance can take place.


Dr. Vinay Kumar Nangia, a Distinguished Alumnus of Banaras Hindu University, has over 37 years of managerial experience, including at senior and top levels in India and overseas, in banking, industry and education.


to create a positive atmosphere in the labor collective. The purpose of the article is to identify and analyze the factors of formation of socio-psychological climate and study the conditions of their beneficial impact on the work of the collective. The author formed the definition of the investigated phenomenon. Socio-psychological climate is a common perception of employees of the set of internal conditions of the organization, which is characterized by internal, emotional mood of the workforce and manifests itself as a component of the system of relations of the collective organization. It is determined that the socio-psychological climate in the collective is formed under the influence of many different factors. They can be combined into the following groups: organi-zational-functional, economic, managerial, psychological, vocational qualification, legal, informational, ideological-cultural and phelicitis. Formation of a favorable socio-psychological climate in the team is possible in the absence of the negative influence of these factors. The governing bodies of enter-prises must ensure decent working conditions, optimal wages, career prospects and the opportunity to improve the skills of staff, conduct a democratic leadership style, positive psychological atmosphere, ensure the documentary consolidation of labor relations, organize a system of information flows in the enterprise, promote development of corporate culture. These conditions are a guarantee of a favorable state of the socio-psychological climate in the company's collective, employee satisfaction with work, high level of productivity.


In order to enhance corporate image,and then to seize more market,analysis of the design demand to enterprise complaints system online,under the conditions of the effective use of existing enterprise resources,a cross-sectional,cross business online complaints system has been designed.System design is based on J2EE development platform and with the Struts + Spring + JDBC framework.Use mature and stable Oracle 9i as the system's database server. The system has high scalability,is easy to upgrade and maintain. By testing the system functional and performance,validated the online complaints system can completely consistent with the expected requirements.


The time of arrival trilateration method is one of the representative algorithms for the location detection technology, which estimates the location of mobile station (MS) at a unique intersection point of three circles with radiuses corresponding to distances between MS and base stations (BSs) and centers corresponding to coordinates of BSs. However, there may be serious estimation errors, when they do not meet at a point because the estimated radiuses of them are increased. The solutions for reducing the estimation position error in the main case of meeting three circles with the extended radius have been recently provided as the shortest distance algorithm and the line intersection algorithm. In general, they have good performance for the location estimation, but they may have serious errors in some cases. In this paper, we propose the efficient location estimation algorithm for the specific case of two large circles and one relatively small circle, which is located in the area of two large circles. In this case, there are six intersections in total based on the three extended circles and a small circle has four intersections with two large circles. The proposed approach compares four distances based on four neighboring intersections and selects the shortest one. Finally, it determines the averaged coordinate of two intersections corresponding to the shortest distance, as the location of MS. The location-estimating performance of the proposed algorithm is illustrated by the computer simulation example.


Objective: Given the recent finding of an association between intermediate-length polyglutamine (polyQ) expansions in ataxin 2 and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), we sought to determine whether expansions in other polyQ disease genes were associated with ALS. Methods: We assessed the polyQ lengths of ataxin 1, ataxin 3, ataxin 6, ataxin 7, TBP, atrophin 1, and huntingtin in several hundred patients with sporadic ALS and healthy controls. Results: Other than ataxin 2, we did not identify a significant association with the other polyQ genes and ALS. Conclusions: These data indicate that the effects of ataxin 2 polyQ expansions on ALS risk are likely to be rooted in the biology of ataxin 2 or ataxin 2-specific interactions, rather than the presence of an expanded polyQ repeat per se. These findings have important consequences for understanding the role of ataxin 2 in ALS pathogenesis and provide a framework for future mechanistic studies.


The combination of a yellow color sticky rectangle with an ammonium acetate slow-re lease dispenser (YAA) was compared to a yellow sticky rectangle (Y) and to a McPhail glass trap with Buminal™(MB), Entomozyl™(ME), or ammonium sulfate (MAS) odor lure in a 2% water solution, from the beginning of August till December in an olive grove. When total olive fruit fly, Dacus oleae (Gmelin) (Diptera: Tephritidae), captures were compared, no large differences were detected among YAA, MB and ME traps, while Y and MAS ones were found much inferior. When expressed as a ratio to YAA, total captures were: 1 (YAA), 0.95 (MB), 0.70 (ME), 0.33 (Y) and 0.08 (MAS). In the fall (high population density), both yellow traps showed very high catches, while McPhail odor traps had comparatively reduced effectiveness, apparently due to cool humid weather. The opposite was true in August-September (hot dry weather, low population density). McPhail traps were serviced every 5 days (summer) or 7 days (fall), while YAA and Y traps were replaced by new ones only once, at the beginning of October. The am monium acetate dispenser could last much longer but traps had been covered by insects and debris.


Two weeks old Pratapdhan chicks (120) were selected from Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Bhilwara, Rajasthan, India and distributed randomly into four dietary treatments having three replicates of 10 birds each. Four iso-nitrogenous diets were formulated to contain Azolla meal at 0, 5, 10 and 15%, respectively in replacement of soybean meal and corn bran. The experiment lasted for 120 days. There was no significant difference in the weight gain of chicks. Average weekly weight gains were 94.23, 95.16, 97.86 and 93.22 g on inclusion of azolla meal at 0, 5, 10 and 15% in the diet, respectively. Feed conversion ratio improved from 3.08 in control to 2.66 in birds fed 15% azolla meal. It was concluded that azolla meal could be used up to 15% level in the diet in partial replacement of soybean meal and corn bran in Pratapdhan chicks.


Abstract The linear stability problem for a fluid in a classic Benard configuration is considered. The applied temperature gradient is the sum of a steady component and a time-dependent periodic component. Only infinitesimal disturbances are considered. The time-dependent perturbation is expressed in Fourier series. The shift in critical Rayleigh number is calculated and the modulating effect of the oscillatory temperature gradient on the stability of the fluid layer is examined. Some comparison is made with known results.


The treatment of sunflower seeds with Na-alginate in combination with Ca-carbonate and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) showed maximum increase in plant length and weight followed by seed coated with Na-alginate in combination with Ca-carbonate and gum arabic. Maximum control of Macrophomina phaseolina infection was recorded when seeds were coated with Na-alginate in combination with Ca-carbonate and gum arabic followed by Na-alginate in combination with Cacarbonate and CMC. In another experiment when sunflower seeds were coated with Na-alginate at 1, 2 and 4% w/w with or without Trichoderma viride, T. resei, significant increase in germination was recorded when seeds were coated with Trichoderma species using Na alginate at different concentrations as a sticker. Plant length and weight was significantly higher in treated seeds as compared to non treated control. Seeds coated with T. viride using 2% Na-alginate as a sticker showed maximum increase in plant length and weight followed by seed coated with T. viride in combination with 1% Naalginate. Maximum vigor index were observed in sunflower seeds treated with T. viridi using 2% Na-alginate.


We present a ML-EM estimator for kinetic parameters from list-mode and histogram mode (hist-mode) dynamic PET data, based upon the observation that emissions originating from each contributing exponential mode in the compartment model are identically and independently distributed samples drawn from an inhomogeneous Poisson distribution. An approximation formula for the covariance of the estimator is developed based on the Cramer-Rao bound, validated for 1- and 2-compartment models, and compared with multiple noise realizations. 1D experimental data were simulated using various count levels and rate constants typical of metastatic colorectal cancer and glioma FDG uptake. We conclude that estimation of kinetic parameters from list-mode data is theoretically achievable and that estimate covariance can be usefully approximated from a single realization


Classical homogeneous nucleation theory assumes a constant temperature for droplets of arbitrary size. However, the temperature of a droplet is bound to fluctuate due to both the release of latent heat upon absorption of further molecules, and the collisions with the surrounding gas molecules. The authors examine the effects of such fluctuations upon the nucleation rate and conclude that the corrections could be substantial, in contrast to the results of a previous study.


ABSTRACT: The mesolimbic dopamine (DA) system and an important target receptor, the D3 receptor, have been implicated in schizophrenia. We have identified, using non‐radioactive in situ hybridization histochemistry, that D3 mRNA‐positive neurons are highly concentrated in the ventral striatum, efferents of the ventral striatum (globus pallidus internal, ventral palladium, substantia nigra pars reticulata), and in regions projecting to the ventral striatum (medial dorsal thalamus, nucleus basalis, extended amygdala). D3 receptors are also highly enriched in the "limbic" striatal‐pallidal‐thalamic loop, exhibiting segregation from the D2 receptor‐enriched "motor loop." This supports data developed in rats showing that the D3 receptor is a target of the mesolimbic DA system that can modulate the limbic striato‐palladial‐thalamic loop. However, D2 and D3 receptors and their mRNAs are co‐localized in many sensory regions (lateral and medial geniculate nuclei, basolateral and basomedial amygdala, regions of thalamus), suggesting mechanisms of cross‐talk. We have also demonstrated that there are 45% elevations in D3 receptor number in ventral striatal neurons and their striatopalladial targets in schizophrenics that is reduced by concurrent antipsychotic treatment. Chronic haloperidol treatment to rats for 6 months with a 2‐month withdrawal does not result in elevated D3 receptor number. We hypothesize that antipsychotic treatment via D3 receptors returns balance to limbic efferents of the ventral striatum. We established that early neonatal damage to the nigrostriatal DA system in rats produces characteristic adaptations in the pre‐ and post‐synaptic components of the mesolimbic DA system that can provide a model to explore regulation by antipsychotics. This includes elevated release of DA from the mesolimbic DA terminals, elevated D3 receptor mRNA in the Islands of Calleja and nucleus accumbens, and enhanced behavioral response to psychostimulants.


Through to our county in 1 comprehensive hospitals and 15 township health centers in ultrasound equipment configuration status and demands of field investigation,analysis of the district general hospital and township health center ultrasound equipment needs and levels,put forward to configure basic medical institutions of domestic ultrasound equipment technical requirements.


This research report presents part of the findings of a research project whose goal was to characterize how prospective secondary mathematics teachers learn to notice mathematics teaching through the analysis of video-cases and the participation in online discussions. In this context, we understand to learn to "notice" when prospective secondary mathematics teacher link empirical evidence to theoretical information as a process of identifying relevant aspects in mathematics teaching and interpreting them. The findings show that the specific structural aspects of a weblearning environment might explain some relationships between the different topics in on-line discussions and the characteristics of learning to notice mathematics teaching. In this research project we assume that "notice" teaching mathematics can be learned (Lin, 2005; Mousley & Sullivan, 1996; Van Es & Sherin, 2002; Sullivan & Mousley, 1996;) understood as linking the events in a mathematics lesson with theoretical ideas originating in the didactics of mathematics as a process of identifying and interpreting different aspects of a mathematics lesson (Morris, 2006; Lin, 2005). This process of interpretation is generated by relating the particular to the general, and thus forms a starting-point for the development of professional knowledge in prospective teachers. Nowadays, recently developed technologies can be used to support interaction among prospective teachers. Online discussions make it possible to extend the boundaries of the class and to provide opportunities for written interactions with peers and expanded discussion spaces by allowing students to reflect and to develop skills that facilitate learning from practice (Derry et al., 2000). In these social interaction spaces, questions are generated on the cognitive effects of interactions that involve explanation and justification, in particular the question of how the different modes of participation operate to mediate meanings about mathematics teaching (Llinares & Oliveros, in preparation). Here, the activity of analysing a video-clip and partipating in virtual debates are therefore semiotically directed and enables us to analyse the "products generated" by the prospective teachers as particular examples of knowledge-building; on the other hand, as the prospective secondary mathematics teachers (PSMT) are able to integrate what they consider to be relevant information in the analysis of mathematics teaching, we can observe how they construct this knowledge (Wells, 2002). Callejo, Llinares & Valls 12 Joint Meeting PME 32 NA XXX — 2008 From these two viewpoints (analysing the mathematics teaching throught video-clips and the participation in virtual debates), we designed several virtual learning environments for prospective secondary mathematics teachers during their final year of their mathematics degree. The goal of this research was to characterize how prospective secondary mathematics teachers conceptualize mathematics teaching through analysing video-cases and participating in online discussions. Design of interactive learning environments For the last four years, we have been carrying out a research project using a design experiment approach (Cobb et al., 2003) about how prospective mathematics teachers endow mathematics teaching and learning with meaning through analysis of videocases of mathematics lessons and through participating in online discussions (Llinares & Valls, 2007). The multimedia learning environments we designed included the following: a videoclips of part of a mathematics lesson, a virtual debate, theoretical informative documents relating to the teaching of mathematics and documents containing information on the actual classroom context, which included the teacher's lesson plan, previous activities and classroom organisation. The PSMT were expected to exchange views with their colleagues on the analysis and interpretation of the videoed episode, and to come to an agreement on the text of a written report which was to be prepared in groups of four or five and handed in as a final assignment. The documents with theoretical information described critical classroom features that promote mathematical understanding (tasks, tools, norms, structuring and applying knowledge, reflection and articulation), and one characterization of mathematical competence as a multidimensional construct (conceptual understanding; development of skills; communication; posing, representing and solving problems; positive attitudes; mathematical confidence in oneself) (Fennema & Romberg, 1999). The following two questions were offered to guide PSMT in their analysis of the video-clip (Pea, 2006): Q1. What features of mathematical competence are improved by Sara's (the teacher) interaction with her pupils? Q2. What aspects of teaching (the mathematical task proposed, methodology, management of the teaching process ...) influence the development of different features of mathematical competence in this situation? The video-clip shows the interaction between a teacher (Sara) and a group of pupils (14-15 years of age) while attempting to solve a problem consisting in drawing graphs to show the relationship between the quantities of water poured into jars of different shapes and with different surface levels. The teacher's role consisted in helping them in the process of drawing the graph corresponding to each of the vessels and establishing the significance of the differences between the graphs in order to lend meaning to the underlying concept of slope of a linear function. Callejo, Llinares & Valls Joint Meeting PME 32 – NA XXX — 2008 13 Data used in this paper come from one of these learning environments which was operative during 2005-2006. The participants were 23 PSMT. We analysed the 109 PSMT' postings in the online-discussion in the 17 days during which the weblearning environment was activated. These PSMT had experience in face-to-face and e-learning activities before participating in this learning environment. The e-learning activities formed 40% of this subject of mathematics education. That is to say, the course has the structure of b-learning.


This paper describes the finite element (FE)-based design of a slotted tubular permanent magnet actuator (TPMA) used in railway vehicle active lateral secondary suspension that improves the actuator's thrust and lowers its cogging force under thermal and geometric constraints. To consider the electromagnetic and thermal fields and the complex interactions among the design variables, design was carried out in an electromagnet and thermal field environment using accurate and time-effective FE analysis. A six-slot prototype model was fabricated to estimate critical thermal parameters, which are difficult to compute without experiments. Three-dimensional FE analysis using the determined thermal parameters was adopted to calculate the precise thermal distribution of the TPMA and verify the forced air-cooling effect. A prototype TPMA with a quasi-Halbach array of permanent magnets and a moving magnet was manufactured through the FE-based design process; the dynamic, electromagnetic, and thermal characteristics of the prototype TPMA were validated experimentally.


Taking the Character of Sanda sports as cut-in point,based on interview with the Shaanxi Sanda team and using the method of investigation,psychological measurement and mathematical statistics,this paper makes analysis on specific psychological ability and mental training effect of elite Sanda athletes.The result shows that the indexes constructing specific psychological ability of elite Sanda athletes are cognitive ability,attention and self-control ability.Based on it,the mental training combining with the technical and tactical character can effectively promote the cognitive ability,attention and self-control ability of Sanda athletes.


Application of slip cast fused silica ceramic radomes for missile applications is well known. But it suffers from certain limitations in terms of high temperature and rain erosion capabilities. This paper investigates the use of special metal tip to overcome the limitations without significant detrimental effect on radome electromagnetic performance. The performance is analysed with 3D EM simulations. The radome is fabricated with special process and performance is verified with measured results. The radome showed very low insertion loss and very low bore-sight error and cross-bore-sight error.


TeraSort [7] is a standard MapReduce sort which is applied as a benchmark to measure the time to sort terabytes of randomly distributed data. TeraSuffix [5] adopts TeraSort to construct suffix array for NGS (Next-Generation Sequencing). When using TeraSuffix to construct suffix array for NGS, as the intermediate data of the MapReduce framework contains multiple copies of suffixes, the shuffle of the intermediate data between map and reduce become a bottleneck. For a suffix can be represented by its index to the NGS Reads data, it's no need to record suffix as the intermediate data and thus reduce the shuffle time. Disk-based Indexed TeraSuffix [6] adopts this index structure to represent a suffix and stores the NGS Reads data on disk. However, when constructing the suffix array, reduce tasks still need lots of random access from disk to retrieve suffixes for further processing. The massive disk I/O operations become a bottleneck. To increase the efficiency of the Disk-based Indexed TeraSuffix, in-memory lookup cloud (MLC) is proposed in this paper to store the NGS Reads data on the memory of remote servers in a cloud. When a map/reduce task needs to retrieve a suffix, it can access the suffix from the memory of MLC through the network. Experimental tests were performed to show that the access of suffix through network is outperformed than from disk. Experiments were also performed on Amazon Elastic MapReduce with the sequence of 20Gbp-Grouper (about 20Gbytes). It showed that the proposed architecture reduces the pre-processing time of data replication and the processing time of reduce tasks by 58% and 8%, respectively. It improves both the time and the space efficiency of TeraSort for constructing suffix array.


A district heating system is a centralized heating system widely used for space heating. They offer economic benefits and are acknowledged to be more energy efficient. Their energy efficiency can be further improved by optimally controlling and operating the overall system. With this as the motivation a thermal and hydraulic model of a district heating is developed in this thesis.
 The developed model consists of a boiler, six buildings, hot water distribution network, circulating pump, balancing and control valves and terminal heaters. Both dynamic and steady state hydraulic simulations were made to study supply, return water and zone temperature response; Pressure distribution in the piping network under different load conditions. A relationship between balance valve settings and outdoor temperature (heating load) was determined. It was shown that proper setting of balance valves as a function of heating load improves energy efficiency.
 PI controllers were designed for the boiler and zone temperature control. Closed loop simulations are presented to show the control performance. By using steady state optimization technique optimal set points for the boiler temperature and near-optimal balance valve positions as a function of outdoor temperature were determined.
 Simulation results show that the use of optimal set points and balance valve settings up to 20% energy can be saved compared to the conventional outdoor air reset control strategy. Simulation results under operating conditions are presented.


Reciprocity-based cooperation on packet relaying in mobile ad hoc networks discourages nodes from behaving selfishly. Before passing on a packet to the next hop a node verifies whether the sender of the packet is trustworthy (cooperative) or not. The quality of the evaluation of the trustworthiness relies on types of data used for description of the behaviour of the sender. In the literature a distinction was made between first-hand observations and observations obtained from third parties. This paper demonstrates that further distinction of such data into personal and general can help to create better protection against clique building among nodes. The former takes into account the status of packets originated by a node itself, while in the latter the status of packets originated by other nodes is considered. Computational experiments demonstrate that in the presence of a large number of selfish and colluding nodes prioritising the personal data improves the performance of cooperative nodes and creates a better defence against colluding free-riders.


Under-7's football is a formative-sporting framework with a high level of participation among students and family members. The learning that the children acquire complements dime of the educational purposes of the school. Currently, there is a concern about the aggressive behaviors that are exhibited with recurrence. This study aims at inquiring about the emerging learning that the child constructs in its origin in the school sport and identifying those that are derived towards adherence, dropping-out and aggressiveness. The research is developed through an ethnographic study that is structured from the participant observation of 10 under-7's football teams of La Rioja (Spain). The participation of children, coaches, relatives and organizers is considered during the observation of 207 sessions during a complete schoolyear. The study is carried out along with the study of methodological strategies of qualitative data in the image and semi-structured interviews with 21 teachers.The outstanding results show a use of the football normative oriented towards the result, which triggers the capitalization of learning with a sense of pursuit of victory and justification of failure. The management of these learnings may favor the adherence, abandonment and, even, the emergence of aggressive behavior. The study reflects on the relevance of the result considering the educational purposes implicit in school sports, with proactive involvement of the adult environment


Plant extracts have been demonstrated to interfere with activities of juvenile hormones that facilitate egg hatching by the embryo. In the present study we demonstrate ovicidal effect of crude ethanol and water extracts of mature green fruits and leaves of Phytolacca dodecandra against Anopheles gambiae eggs under ambient laboratory condition. Freshly laid An. gambiae eggs were exposed to 33.33mls of water and ethanol extracts of mature green fruits and leaves of shoot and midsections of P. dodecandra. The solutions were a serial dilution of 40, 20, 10, 5 and 5mg/100mls of the crude extracts dispensed in plastic containers measuring 6cm top × 5.7cm bottom × 3.5cm height. Ovicidal activity was assessed 48 hours post exposure under dissecting microscope (Leica Zoom 2000) at ×10 magnification. Unhatched eggs were judged dead when non-hatched and with unopened opercula and alive when hatched or with open operculum. WHO threshold of > 80 % mortality was used to assess ovicidal effectiveness. Crude water extracts of leaves of the shoots killed more than 80% while ethanol extracts of the same parts killed 60% of exposed eggs. Leaf extracts of the shoots were more effective compared to extracts of leaves of midsection and mature green fruits. Egg mortality was higher for P. dodecandra extracts compared to Neem or deltamethrin. It was concluded that water extracts were more potent as ovicides than ethanol extracts irrespective of part of P. dodecandra used. Extracts of P. dodecandra can be used as an alternative to chemical insecticide in malaria vector control.


This paper investigates the design of optimal monetary policy in a currency union with asymmetric national labor markets. For this purpose a stylized theoretical two-country model is introduced where the occurrence of inflation differentials is a reflection of asymmetries in the labor market flexibility between the two countries. Through numerical simulations it is shown that a larger weight of the country with the more sclerotic labor market in the loss function of the monetary union's central bank is more advantageous at the monetary union's level than a simple weighting scheme based on the relative economic size of both countries.


The international administrative law is a new legal department under the globalized background.It is brought to the domestic and foreign educational world attention,and already had certain achievement to its basic category's research.This article launches the analysis through the analogy to the administrative law system's three types to the international administrative law's standard constitution,and attempts to divide the international administrative law standard into the international constitutive administrative law,the international entity administrative law as well as the international procedure administrative law.Without other reference,the attempt to unconstruct the standard constitution of international administrative law by the tool of traditional administrative law is beneficial to this law ferritory.


Although epistasis is common in gene systems that determine quantitative traits, it is usually not possible to estimate the epistatic components of genotypic variance because experiments in breeding programs include only one type of progeny. As the study of this phenomenon is complex, there is a lack of theoretical knowledge on the contribution of the epistatic variances when predicting gains from selection and on the bias in estimating genetic parameters when fitting the additive-dominant model. The objective of this paper is to discuss these aspects. Regarding a non-inbred population, the genetic value due to dominance and the epistatic components of the genotypic value are not indicators of the number of favorable genes present in an individual. Thus, the efficiency of a selection process should be based on the narrow-sense heritability, a function only of additive variance. If there is no epistasis, generally it is satisfactory to assess the selection efficiency and to predict gain based on the broad-sense heritability. Regardless of the selection unit or type of epistasis, the bias in the estimate of the additive variance when assuming the additive-dominant model is considerable. This implies overestimation of the heritabilities at half sib family mean, plant within family and plant levels, and underestimation if the selection units are full sib progenies. The predicted gains will have a bias proportional to that of the heritability.


Objective To study the characteristic metabolic profile of Candida albicans,Candida glabrata,Candida krusei and Candida tropicalis through detecting the extracellular metabolite based on 1H-NMR,so as to quickly identify each of oral Candidas and analyze the extracellular metabolite of different Candidas.Methods The foregoing four Candidal species were cultured respectively into Sabouraud medium.The nephelometry count and growth curve was determined periodically.Each of four Candidas culture medium in the active period of growth was laid under 1H-NMR detection,and principal component analysis(PCA) was conducted.Relevant metabolic components were finally drawn by comparing with Webspectra database.Results The four Candida extracellular metabolites had a respective class of clustering relationship while the PCA analysis could differentiate among the four kinds of Candidas.The four Candida metabolomics had different chemical substances which may be associated with different Candida strains.Conclusion The metabonomics detection method based on 1H-NMR is a potential classable method to quickly identify the oral Candidas.The related metabolites analysis also had a good application prospect.


A model high-speed advanced propeller, SR-7A, was tested in the NASA Lewis 9 x 15 foot anechoic wind tunnel at simulated takeoff/approach conditions of 0.2 Mach number. These tests were in support of the full-scale Propfan Text Assessment (PTA) flight program. Acoustic measurements were taken with fixed microphone arrays and with an axially translating microphone probe. Limited aerodynamic measurements were also taken to establish the propeller operating conditions. Tests were conducted with the propeller alone and with three down-stream wing configurations. The propeller was run over a range of blade setting angles from 32.0 deg. to 43.6 deg., tip speeds from 183 to 290 m/sec (600 to 950 ft/sec), and angles of attack from -10 deg. to +15 deg. The propeller alone BPF tone noise was found to increase 10 dB in the flyover plane at 15 deg. propeller axis angle of attack. The installation of the straight wing at minimum spacing of 0.54 wing chord increased the tone noise 5 dB under the wing of 10 deg. propeller axis angle of attack, while a similarly spaced inboard upswept wing only increased the tone noise 2 dB.


Taihu Lake basin is located in the core area of the Yangtze River Delta; the total area of the basin is 36.9 thousand km of which the water area of Taihu is 2338 km, covering Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Anhui provinces and Shanghai city. Owing to favorable climate and natural conditions, this region was developed very early and is playing an important role in socioeconomic development of China. In 2005, the GDP (gross domestic product) of the basin area accounted for about 11.7 % of the whole country. With a rapid development of economy and society in Taihu Lake basin, the water consumption and wastewater discharge are increasing, and the water quality of the basin is declining since past 30 years. During 2005, the water quality of the lake basin along the watershed of 2700 km long was studied and found that for over 89 % of the basin, the annual water quality deterioration was of class III standard, and 61 % was worse than the class V standard. The average water quality comprehensive evaluation of Taihu Lake was for the inferior class V (including TP (total phosphorus), TN (total nitrogen) index), whereas the NH3 -N index was for the class II, TP was for class IV, TN index was inferior to the class V, and CODMN (chemical oxygen demand) was for class III. Among various factors of water pollution and eutrophication in Taihu Lake basin, the contribution of non-point source pollution is crucial. The statistics of the Taihu basin showed that the contribution of non-point source pollution to the drainage was around 347,000 tons of COD and 2.5 million tons of NH3-N. According to an estimate of the former State Environmental Protection Administration, the water pollutants in the country from the industries, human living, and agricultural non-point source pollution were approximately 1/3 each. Of the pollution load in Taihu Lake, 83 % of TN and 84 % of TP were from farmlands, rural livestock and poultry breeding industry, urban and rural combination areas, and rural life. The contribution of non-point source pollution was far more than point source from industries and urban life. In the plain area of Taihu Lake basin, addition of COD to the rivers was 346.9 thousand tons per year with the largest proportion from rural human living, accounting for 41.6 % of the total COD in the


1 The selectivity of 4‐methylhistamine (4‐MH) as an agonist at histamine H1‐ and H2‐receptors has been evaluated in the guinea‐pig isolated ileum. 2 The EC50 values of 4‐MH on H1‐ and H2‐receptors that mediate contractile responses were determined. The EC50 at H1‐receptors was estimated after selective blockade of H2‐receptors by tiotidine and the EC50 at H2‐receptors estimated after selective blockade of H1‐receptors by mepyramine. 3 The ‐log EC50 values at H1‐ and at H2‐receptors were 4.57 and 5.23, respectively. 4 The dissociation constants for the interaction of 4‐MH with H1‐ and H2‐receptors were determined. 5 The ‐log KD values at H1‐ and H2‐receptors were 3.55 and 4.27, respectively. 6 These results suggest that 4‐MH is only about 5 times as potent at H2‐ as it is at H1‐receptors in the guinea‐pig ileum and that 4‐MH should be used with caution to discriminate between H1‐ and H2‐receptors.


Formed insert type tool satisfy both the surface roughness and geometric accuracy, so that cutting edge of formed tool can duplicate final feature. For experiment, the formed tools with various clearance angles are machined. And the tools are evaluated with respect cutting force, flank wear and surface roughness to optimistic condition.


Purpose: Pluridisciplinary therapeutic management is well defined for metastatic long bones. There are few prognostic criteria enabling an evidence-based choice between palliative surgery or abstention. We report a series of 24 metastatic femurs treated by palliative surgery and evaluated with the Tokuyashi score.

Material and methods: Sixteen women and eight men, mean age 71 years (5!-89) underwent centromedullary nailing of a metastatic femur (13/16 breast cancer in women, 20.24 other metastases. The Toskuhashi score was > 6 for 16/24 patients with pain unresponsive to morphine. Thirteen patients had fractured femurs and eleven had frail femurs due to the metastasis. Mean time to surgery was six days (1–15).

Results: A solid nail was used for four patients and a reconstruction nail for twenty. Operative time was 93 minutes (57–123). Blood loss was 200 l (150–350). There no intraoperative complications (fat embolus) excepting one tulip femur. Hospital stay was 23 days (8–55). Survival was 148 days (8–510) in patients with a frail metastatic tumour. Eight deaths occurred in patients with a fractured metastatic tumour (six within the first three postoperative weeks), two after preventive nailing. Weight bearing in living patients with a fractured femur was possible at 57 days (30–90). Only six patients required morphine in the early postoperative period. For the femurs with an isolated metastasis, the antalgesic effect of centromedullary nailing was significant (p 6 was 17 months.

Conclusion: Centromedullary nailing of the femur for metastatic fracture or fragilisation remains the treatment of choice for patients with short life expectancy. This technique limits pain while preserving independence as long as possible. The Tokuyashi score is correlated with patient survival. If this easy to establish score is too low (<3), the survival can be expected to be insufficient for any surgical benefit.


Introduction: The main goal of surgical correction of hallux valgus is the morphological and functional rebalance of the first ray and correcting all the characteristics of the deformity. Historically, distal metatarsal osteotomies and SCARF have been indicated in cases of mild or moderate deformity with inter-metatarsal angles up to 20° and are procedures widely used for correction of hallux valgus. The aim of this study is to compare a distal metatarsal osteotomy recently described (SERI) with SCARF osteotomy in a clinical prospective randomised study. Methods: 20 patients with bilateral hallux valgus similar on both sides regarding clinical and radiographic assessment were included. Clinical evaluation using American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Score (AOFAS) and radiographic assessment were considered before surgery up to 2 years follow-up. All patients were operated bilaterally in the same surgical sitting, and received at random SCARF osteotomy on one side, and on the other a SERI osteotomy performed through a 1 cm skin incision under tdirect view control and fixed with one Kirschner wire. Duration of surgery was recorded. Postoperative care was similar in both groups and consisted of gauze bandage and weight bearing with talus shoes for 30 days. Results: No statistical differences were observed in preoperative HVA, IMA, DMAA in both groups. Average surgical time was 17 minutes in SCARF and 3 minutes in SERI (p Conclusions: Both SCARF and SERI techniques proved effective in the correction of hallux valgus, however SERI, performed with a shorter skin incision, in less surgical time, fixed with a cheaper device (one Kirschner wire), resulted in a better clinical outcome.


In this paper, we propose a cooperative task assignment and coverage planning for mobile robots based on chaos synchronization. The chaotic mobile robot implies that the robot controller that drives a chaotic motion is characterized by topological transitivity and sensitive dependence on initial conditions. Due to the topological transitivity, the chaotic mobile robot is guaranteed to scan a workspace completely and the robot requires neither a map of the workspace nor a global motion plan. Chen and Lorenz systems are used to generate chaotic motion in this work. Cooperative multirobot systems can operate faster with higher efficiency and better reliability than a single robot system. By synchronizing the chaotic robot controllers, effective cooperation can be achieved. The performance of the cooperative chaotic mobile robots can be attributed to the use of deterministic dynamical systems and extended Kalman filter for chaos synchronization. Computer simulations illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.


Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of platelet-rich plasma injections in the treatment of wounds in experimental animals with burns. Materials and methods. The experiment was carried out on 30 sexually mature male Wistar rats, which, after simulation of infected burn wound with boiling water and excision of necrotic tissue to pinpoint bleeding, hemostasis, on the second day, were divided into the main and control groups, depending on the chosen strategy of subsequent treatment. Wound defect of the animals in the control group (15 rats) was treated and bandages soaked in 0.02% decamethoxin solution were applied. Platelet-rich plasma was additionally injected into the wound area of the animals in the main group (15 rats) on the 1st, 3rd, 5th day after necrectomy. The remaining plasma was applied to the wound surface followed by closure with a polyvinyl chloride film and gauze bandage. Wound dressings were performed daily. The study involved a histological examination of the wound site and surrounding tissues the collection of which was carried out on the 1st, 3rd, 7th, 14th day after the removal of necrotic tissues. Results. In animals of the main group, the treatment of which involved the use of platelet-rich plasma, on the 3rd day after necrectomy in the wound area a decrease in the depth of injury that extended only of to subcutaneous tissue, a decrease in the activity of the inflammatory reaction in the tissues, followed by the proliferation of new epidermis and almost complete healing of wound defect up to 14 days were determined. For comparison, pathological changes in the tissues of the injured area of the animals in the control group were more pronounced with signs of muscle injury. In addition, during the entire observation period in this group of animals, an intense inflammatory reaction with low proliferative activity persisted. Conclusion. The effectiveness of platelet-rich plasma injections as an element of complex local treatment of burn wounds in rats has been experimentally confirmed. What this paper adds The expediency and effectiveness of platelet-rich plasma in the treatment of burns was histologically substantiated in the work on a specific experimental model of rats. In particular, its ability to positively influence the paranecrotic zone, reduce the intensity of inflammatory reaction in tissues, actively restore skin appendages, and stimulate the processes of proliferation and epithelization was established.


In this paper we introduce and study the new notion of functions in ideal topological spaces known as rarely Is∗g‐continuous functions.


ABSTRACT Results on whether party ideology influences the regulation of morally sensitive issues remain inconclusive. This is partly due to insufficient theoretical specifications of the link between party ideology and morality policy output that do not consider that different directions of policy reform give rise to distinct politics, although this insight has ranked prominently within the literature on comparative political economy as the 'New Politics' that characterize welfare state retrenchment. By integrating this insight into the 'Two Worlds' framework of morality politics, this paper achieves two things: First, it explains macro-level patterns of partisan impacts on the occurrence of permissive and restrictive reforms across six morality policy areas (abortion, euthanasia, homosexuality, same-sex marriage, pornography, and prostitution) in 16 West European countries between 1960 and 2010. Second, it accounts for the micro-level political dynamics that characterize restrictive reforms adopted by Christian Democratic governments, which are dominated by blame-avoidance.


• Global (eg, G20) and continental (AU) dialogues have consistently embraced the concept of leveraging private financing in infrastructure development. However, the drawbacks of private investment in infrastructure and the measures needed to overcome these should not be neglected in such discussions. • Public funds should be leveraged in those sectors and segments of infrastructure development where there is scant interest from private financiers. Piecemeal rather than comprehensive use of private financing could be more cost effective. • Private financiers favour profit considerations over development impact. Where governments lack the experience or technical capacity to ensure private financing delivers on development objectives, MDBs could be a better alternative. • Capacity development should be viewed as a core component of loans, rather than as an add-on to project lending. This will also help countries better manage engagements with all financiers, ultimately enhancing African agency in infrastructure development. The Pitfalls of Private Sector Investment in Infrastructure Financing


Proper rewards as tax benefit are more effectively in increasing tax compliance than more heavily punishments. Studies toward the role of reward (positive) and punishment (negative) as the dimension of tax sanction in increasing tax compliance have been conducted toward taxpayers of both private and public sectors by three steps of study, namely on-line survey, in-depth face to face interviews, and a simulation game respectively. Three major findings are underscored. Firstly, reward and punishment as dimensions constructing tax sanction affect tax morale in order to increase tax compliance. Secondly, expectations toward the implementation of reward and punishment in the form of ease and unease (social sanction) respectively in getting public services are highlighted. Finally, reward for honest taxpayers is found to be the most critical part to reduce the potency of cheating in annual tax return. Referring these insights, I recommend a developed project promoting reward and punishment as a policy implication and as a form of innovation.


An artificial neural network (ANN) was applied to predict monthly shoreline changes at various locations along 25km of the Noor Bay, southern Caspian Sea. The shoreline variations in 8 stations for a period of about 11 years were studied using ANN. The model results were compared with field data. The properties of the wave (height, period, energy by different equations) and wind data were fed to a feedforward backpropagation ANN. Root mean square error (RMSE) and correlation coefficient(R) statistics are used for evaluating the accuracy of the ANN. The performance (RMSE) of ANN was 0.294, 0.124, 0.13, 0.093, 0.32, 0.255, 0.41, 0.24, 0.13, 0.15, 0.06, 0.03, 0.08, 0.08 and 0.06 m for 8 stations(Golsar-1, Golsar-2, Nilofar, University-1, University-2, Darya-362, Darya-364, Darya-341, Shahrak-321, Shahrak-322, Shahrak-324, Pars-1, Pars-2, Daryashahr-1 and Daryashahr-2, respectively) in validation. The trained ANN model results had very good agreement with the shoreline changes surveys for the validation data. Results of this study show that ANN can predict monthly shoreline changes effectively.


The purpose of the study is the expansion of the subject of independent work of students in conditions of reducing classroom hours from subjects "Olympic Movement", "History of physical culture and sports". At the level of interdependence, to propose, to introduce topics on Olympic education in independent work within the framework of general educational programs of the university.
 On the example of the Kuban State University of Physical Culture, Sports and Tourism, the authors are presented with the point of view that Olympic education is very important in the training of specialists and the preservation of universal values. The author claims that the Olympic education unites and complements the special training of specialists. He offers to revise the topics of independent work of students in special educational programs for implementation.
The interrelation and interdependence with the disciplines "Olympic Movement" and "Olympic education" implemented within the framework of special educational programs of the university, it can be considered that the practical result achieved in the educational process and in the training of specialists, will ensure the development of the Olympic movement.


A method for measuring droplet size distributions was investigated with an emphasis on limitations related to measurements in real spray environments. The method stores a photographic image of a plane of droplets within a spray and is capable of evaluating particle size distributions within the spray, one small region at a time. The method complements droplet velocity measurements made using Particle Image Velocimetry. In a typical experiment, a plane of the spray was illuminated by a laser light sheet and photographed. After processing, a small laser beam scanned the film and a diffraction pattern was generated for each region illuminated by the small laser. The diffraction pattern was inverted using a Shifrin inversion to solve for the particle size distribution within the illuminated region. In this paper the authors will discuss some of the limitations of this method and indicate one approach which seems to allow for improved inversions using data signal processing.


Synopsis Accurate vessel wall segmentation on black-blood MRI is an important but difficult task. Using previously annotated carotid vessel wall contours by human reviewers, a convolutional neural network (CNN) was trained to predict vessel wall region from the combination of T1-weighted and time-of-flight images. Compared with human segmentation results, the CNN-based model achieved a Dice similarity coefficient of 0.86±0.06 and a correlation coefficient of 0.96 (0.94, 0.97) in measuring vessel wall area. Fast and accurate vessel wall segmentation may help fully realize the potential of vessel wall MRI in monitoring atherosclerosis progression or regression in serial studies and clinical trials. that utility of convolutional neural networks (CNN) in vessel wall segmentation on carotid MRI.


The simplicity of Python and its rich set of libraries has made it the most popular language for data science. Moreover, the interpreted nature of Python offers an easy debugging experience for the developers. However, it comes with the price of poor performance compared to the compiled code. In this paper, we adopt and extend state-of-the-art research in query compilers to propose an efficient query engine embedded in Python. Our open-sourced framework enables the developers to do the debugging in Python, while being able to easily build a compiled version of the code for deployment. Our benchmark results on the entire set of TPC-H queries show that our approach covers different types of relational workloads and is competitive with state-of-the-art in-memory engines in both single- and multi-threaded settings.


Abstract The aim of this work concerns the reconstruction of the elution profiles obtained in HPLC separation of aromatic compound mixtures. In particular, the proposed model represents the migration of tricomponent mixtures of alkylbenzenes (a class of compounds belonging to gasoil) in a chromatographic system. The obtained profiles are compared with experimental data and show the possibility to use the model as a tool for acquiring reliable and practical information on the peak identification in HPLC analysis.


Pseudomonasand Trichosporon etc. can assimilate aromatic compounds such as toluene,1} naphthalene,2* salicylate,3) and phenol.4) However, there are few microorganisms that can grownon catechol, though it is a central metabolite in the breakdown of various kinds of aromatic compounds by microorganisms. Pyrocatechase, catechol1 ,2-dioxygenase, which catalyzes the incorporation of two atoms of molecular oxygen into catechol, has been purified from several bacteria and yeast which can grown on aromatic compounds.5 ~9)


From different theoretical angles,this article analyzes and estimates the fundamental realities of our country,as well as a study of its essential features.


In this study, taxonomic relationship of some Iranian species of Alyssum sect. Gamosepalums was explored in terms of anatomical aspects. Transversal sections of peduncle belonging to 8 species of Alyssum sect. Gamosepalum have studied by qualitative and quantitative characters. The vascular bundle type was bicollateral in all species. In sum, anatomical properties were evaluated, and the two series of the section was supported and confirmed on the basis of these properties.


1147 December 2012 T HE Pitié-Salpêtrière hospital, founded in 1612 as a home for the poor and then as a hospice, has been progressively transformed over the years to become a center of excellence in the field of health (fig. 1) The 2,000 conventional hospital beds have been decreased to allow the construction of modern technical units, which have allowed both the development of major surgery and the management of outpatient surgery patients. Today, the Pitié-Salpêtrière hospital is one of Europe's oldest, largest (1,500 beds, 47 operating rooms, and 140 surgical and multidisciplinary critical care unit beds, including the 80 surgical and multidisciplinary critical care unit beds managed by the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care) and best renowned hospitals with a long-standing affiliation with the University of Paris, now University Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6. The Pitié-Salpêtrière hospital's reputation dates back to the middle of the 19th century with the discoveries of Charcot. In the second half of the 20th century, the hospital's surgical activity, particularly major surgery and transplantations, developed with the support of the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care. It was at the PitiéSalpêtrière, that Christian Cabrol, in 1968, performed the first successful heart transplantation in Europe, allowing the development of very active research on the care of braindead organ donors in our department.1 Working in a hospital that is celebrating its 400th anniversary implies constantly projecting medical practice into the future. In France, the anesthesiology–critical care specialty, driven by the impetus provided by Pierre Viars, M.D. (Professor, University Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (1930–1998), head of the Pitié-Salpêtrière hospital Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care from 1972 to 1995, has largely contributed to the modernization of both our specialty and, as a consequence, to surgical care. Professor Pierre Viars was the real founder of the PitiéSalpêtrière hospital Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, by forming a team that enabled him to ensure clinical care, teaching, and research in the fields of both anesthesiology and critical care, as clearly illustrated by the numerous articles published in this issue concerning studies performed in the department that he founded. It is relatively simple to describe the past and predict the future, but it is much more difficult to be clear-sighted in everyday practice. This particular quality enabled Pierre Viars to make French anesthesiology– critical care a full-fledged medical specialty. Observing that anesthesiology was not considered to be a real medical specialty, but rather a "necessary evil," all his life's work was devoted to recognition of our specialty by the hospital community, based on the principle that anesthesiology–critical care physicians play a central role in surgical practice, and are therefore essential. When recruiting physicians, he therefore required a high level of medical and scientific training, as he was convinced that only constant reference to medical progress would enable them to be recognized and considered by physicians of other specialties. He was the first to understand that basic and clinical research was essential for EDITORIAL VIEWS


The variation of the wall voltage and the wall charge during the sustain period were investigated using an equivalent circuit model for AC PDPs. Efforts of many researchers have been invested to understand the behavior of the wall charge. This paper presents an equivalent circuit model for AC PDPs consisting of capacitors and thyristors. The equivalent circuit model is based on the physical structure of the AC PDP and the I‐V characteristic of the discharge spaces. This equivalent circuit model can be easily implemented in the standard simulators such as SPICE and can easily simulate the variation of the current, charge and voltage involved in AC PDPs as the supply voltage varies. The simulated results using the equivalent circuit model in SPICE are presented and compared with the measured results.


Patients with severe leukocyte G6PD deficiency may present with impairment of NADPH oxidase activity and a history of recurrent infections, mimicking the phenotype of chronic granulomatous disease. We report herein a child with recurrent infections who initially received the diagnosis of G6PD deficiency. His erythrocyte G6PD activity was reduced: 1.8 U/g Hb (normal: 12.1 ± 2.1 U/g Hb). Further studies revealed that G6PD activity in neutrophils, mononuclear leukocytes, and Epstein‐Barr virus‐transformed B‐lymphocytes from the proband was similar to healthy controls. Molecular studies showed that the G6PD deficiency was due a 202 G→A mutation, the A− variant common in African ethnic groups. The proband also exhibited severely impaired respiratory burst activity, as observed in X‐linked CGD. Sequence analysis of genomic DNA showed a 264 G→A substitution at the 3′ splice junction of gp91‐phox exon 3. The cDNA sequence showed a deletion of gp91‐phox exon 3, giving rise to an unstable or nonfunctional mutant gp91‐phox and to the phenotype of X‐linked CGD. We propose that clinicians treating a patient with G6PD deficiency during a severe infection episode consider the possibility of temporary or permanent impairment of the phagocytes' microbicidal activity and the eventual association of G6PD deficiency and chronic granulomatous disease. Am. J. Hematol. 75:151–156, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The exact relativistic plasma dispersion functions are continued analytically into the complex plane, on the basis of a general method derived from the theory of singular Cauchy-type integrals. The main analytic properties of the dispersion functions in the complex region are studied and the physical consequences and applications of this method for ITER conditions are discussed.


The invention provides SBS (styrene-butadiene-styrene triblock copolymer) and liquid rubber composite modified emulsified asphalt and a preparation method thereof. The composite modified emulsified asphalt is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 45-75 parts of SBS and pasty liquid rubber composite modified asphalt, 22-45 parts of water, 0.01-1.6 parts of a crosslinking agent, 2.5-13 parts of a cationic asphalt emulsifying agent, 0.5-3.0 parts of a stabilizing agent and 0.1-2.5 parts of a pH value regulator. By adopting the SBS and liquid rubber composite modified emulsified asphalt provided by the invention, the technical problem that rubber powder modified asphalt is difficult to emulsify can be solved, prepared liquid rubber can be subjected to emulsification more easily, and composite SBS is added to ensure that the pavement performance of the composite modified emulsified asphalt can be greatly improved, and wider application ranges in road maintenance and engineering construction of roads under construction can be achieved. In addition, by applying the pasty liquid rubber, good economical performance can be achieved, and waste tires can also be effectively used.


This paper discusses on-board dynamic bandwidth allocation for satellite OBP-based broadband multimedia interactive applications. The paper presents a bandwidth allocation scheme which is oriented towards guaranteeing the Quality of Service (QoS) associated with, but not limited to, the various traffic services/classes as defined by the ATM forum. A novel uplink (UL) access scheme is proposed, based on a Multi-Frequency Time Division Multiple Access (MF-TDMA) primary access scheme. The uplink access protocol derived from the proposed scheme can be supported directly on board by the means of the scheduler function. The performance of the uplink access scheme has been evaluated through extensive simulations and sample results are presented and commented. EMS' heritage on both ground and OBP-based schedulers is also presented.


Aimed at the control puzzle resulted in complicated characteristic in the industrial heating furnace system, the paper presented an intelligent fusion strategy based on human-simulated control. In the paper, it first made an anatomy and pointed out that the traditional control strategy is unsuitable for controlling the complex system, and then decomposed the complex system into the operation control unit by means of decomposition-coordination principle for large-scale complex control system of industrial heat furnace, and constructed the fusion control algorithm based on human-simulated intelligence, finally the experiment of simulation comparison was made for designed algorithm. The result shows that it is better in control quality, stronger in robustness, higher in control accuracy, and more suitable for uncertainty system control of industrial heat furnace.


Statebuilding refers to activities undertaken to help a society recovering from conflict to create new government institutions and strengthen existing ones. Statebuilding as a form of peacebuilding is a relatively novel concept in international approaches to conflicts. It was not until the mid 1990s that international organizations and Western governments adopted statebuilding as a remedy for 'fragile states'. The 1992 United Nations (UN) Agenda for Peace refers to peacebuilding as "action to identify and support structures which will tend to strengthen and solidify peace in order to avoid a relapse into conflict". The document is ambiguous on whether these structures are state institutions. In contrast, its Supplement, prepared three years later, clearly emphasizes the intrinsic connection between peacebuilding and statebuilding. It states: "international intervention must extend beyond military and humanitarian tasks and must include the promotion of national reconciliation and the re-establishment of effective government". By the turn of the century the idea of building peace through building institutions found its ideational underpinnings also in scholarly writings. For example, Francis Fukuyama's influential book on statebuilding criticized the international community for failing to make "headway in creating self-sustaining states in any of the countries it has set out to rebuild", and Roland Paris' core argument in his is that peacebuilders had not made sufficient efforts in building the basic institutional structures.


Introduction: Outcome in allogeneic HSCT varies widely depending on disease type, stage, stem cell source, HLA-matched status and conditioning regimen. IFI is a possible complication of HSCT and a prior IFI increases the patient9s risk for transplant related mortality due to the possibility of reactivation of the fungal infection. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a previous IFI history on transplant outcome Methods: We retrospectively collected the clinical data of patients considered eligible for allogeneic HSCT during 2014 at the Rome Transplant Network (RTN), a JACIE accredited metropolitan transplant program established in Rome since 2006. The observation of patients was continued until 31 December 2015. The diagnosis of IFI were defined as possible, probable and proven as established by European Organization for Research and treatment of Cancer. Results: Twenty-one (37%) out of 57 eligible patients had an IFI episode before transplant: 6 of the episodes were proven, 4 probable and 11 possible. Overall, 10 (47%) pneumonia, 4 (19%) gastroenteritis, 3 sinusitis, 2 candida sepsis, 1 meningitis and 1 cutaneous abscess were registered. Five out of 21 patients (23%) died before HSCT versus 2 of 36 patients (5%) without previous documented IFI, [OR 5.31 95% CI 0.93- 30.40 , p value 0.06 Fisher Test], . A larger percentage of patients with past IFI waited HSCT over 6 months from the date of eligibility in comparison with those without previous IFI [43% vs 30% ; OR 1.87 95% CI 0.54-6.40 , p value 0.5 Yates test]; Sixteen (57%) out of 28 dead patients in the pre-transplant period have had a previous IFI episode vs 5(17%) out of patients alive [OR 6.4, 95% CI 1.89-21.68, p value: 0.004 Yates Test]. In the post-transplant period, only 6% of patients with a past IFI, experienced an engraftment in a time of Conclusions: A previous IFI episode in the pre transplant period slow the accessibility to the transplant, adversely affects the engraftment, and is significantly associated with increased post-transplant mortality Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


The western Pacific warm pool can be defined by the annual average position of the 29°C isotherm (see Fig. 1). The world's warmest open ocean waters are found in this warm pool, located between approximately 10"N and lo's, and between 130'E and the dateline, an area about the size of Australia. At its climatological center near the equator and 160"E, the warm pool is about 100 m deep. Tightly coupled to the warm pool is a region of intense atmospheric convection, with annual mean precipitation in the range of 35 m. This deep convection is the strongest source of atmospheric heating globally, driving major components of the atmospheric circulation. Fluctuations in the intensity, size and position of the warm pool are linked through the hydrological cycle to the East Asian and Australian monsoons, and to the El Niiio/Southern Oscillation phenomenon. These fluctuations are closely coupled to variations in cloudiness, rainfall, wind, ocean mixing and currents. In order to better assess the state of the warm pool system, and understand its role in the global climate, an enhancement of the Tropical Ocean/Global Atmosphere (TOGA) monitoring program is being undertaken in the western tropical Pacific as part of the Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment (COARE). The goals and methods of this enhanced monitoring will be described.


The high temperature inoxidizable behavior of SiC/MoSi2 and SiC/Mo(Si,Al)2 prepared by the infiltration method was studied,and the shape and weight increase induced by oxidate process were discussed in the paper.The results show that the composites will be inactive after high temperature oxidation for 3 h,and the "Pest" phenomenon will disappear when the composites continue to oxide at 500℃.The oxide mass gain of SiC/Mo(Si,Al)2 is bigger than that of SiC/MoSi2.When SiC reinforcement is in-situ formed in SiC/MoSi2composite,the ability of inoxidation is better because of the higher interface binding force.


Teaching English as a second language in addition to using it as a medium of instruction for other academic subjects involves both challenges and rewards. Motivating digital natives is a demanding task for a number of reasons such as time constraints and numerous enticements for plagiarism available online. In this article we share some practical ideas for projects administered to students from our experience. We are convinced that Information Technologies ought to be used in and outside of the classroom to improve pedagogy and not simply to make the teaching content appear more attractive. We hope that our work may serve teachers as a basis for fruitful discussions towards the benefit of all.


This is a connector having at least one contact member (17) self-stripping, that is to say at least one contact member comprising, for the forcible engagement of an electrical conductor ( 15), at least two arms (20A, 20B) delimiting between them a slit (22). According to the invention, in the contact member (17) are associated means suitable conformation to ensure that application of electrical conductor (15) at its arms (20A, 20B) transversely to the direction of elongation (D1) of its slot (22), a first side for one of said arms (20A, 20B), and the preceding side to the other thereof. Application particularly to the creation of a socket outlet for low currents, or to that of a distributor element or telephone sub-distribution such as cable head or slider.


Inductance effects couldn't be neglected in circuits with increasing of clock frequency. In this paper, it analyzes the theory related to simultaneous switch noise, describes a new method to reduce inductance to get low simultaneous switch noise by coding, and uses this method to solve an SSN problem of an OLED driving chip.


The invention discloses an automatic curtain temperature control and algae removal device for a shallow water body, and relates to the technical field of water treatment. The device comprises a plurality of isolating curtains, a rotating shaft, a frame, a floating body, a shape memory alloy spring, a bias spring, pull ropes and a fixture, wherein the rotating shaft is fixed to the isolating curtain and the two ends of the rotating shaft are movably arranged in the frame; the two ends of each isolating curtain are fixedly connected with the two pull ropes respectively; one end of one pull ropeis fixedly connected with the frame and the shape memory alloy spring, and one end of the other pull rope is fixedly connected with the frame and the bias spring; both the shape memory alloy spring and the bias spring are fixed to the frame; the floating body is fixed to the bottom of the frame; and the floating body is connected with the fixture at the bottom of the water body or at the shore. The device of the invention has simple structure, convenient use, low implementation cost and easy disassembly and removes the external cause for the growth of blue-green algae by a physical method without changing the ecological environment in the water bottom or causing new water quality problem.


At the University of Burgos, a pilot study has been carried out among a group of students showing that there are indications of Gender Violence, but also that some behaviors are not recognized as Gender Violence. On the other hand, its sources of Communication, Public Opinion and Internet.


Emma Reicher's article is stimulating and highly complex and fills a gap in the literature on large groups. It is unusual in studying the large group experience from the perspective of a participant, and it also reviews the literature and poses a number of fundamental questions on this practice. The present reviewer has chosen to comment on and discuss three of them: i) who does the large group experience belong to?; ii) the influence of psychoanalysis on the large group practice and theory; and iii) essentialism and contextualism in the conception of the human being. In her conclusion, the author compares two metaphors for the large group, a mountain and a river, and opts for the latter. The image of the river clearly depicts the fluid nature of the large group as a process, which must be experienced in order to be known.


The features of formation the concept of environmentally responsible business in the European Union, the peculiarities of the implementation of the best European practices in operation of Ukrainian enterprises have been investigated in the article. The model of formation of national concept of environmentally responsible business on the basis of European principles and approaches to the creation of a favourable business environment has been developed.


Corporate social responsibility has been very popular amongst companies and top corporations. However the exact definition and the effectiveness of corporate social responsibility is often very vague and confusing to others. This paper will explore in depth of what exactly is corporate social responsibility, how companies are motivated to incorporating CSR into their ideals, business strategies and what actions do these companies take in order to become a socially responsible corporation. Spring 12