The major aim of the study was to investigate the effect of incentives on the achievement of organizational goals. The study was guided by the following objectives: to align reward practices with both organizational strategic goals and employee values, to establish the main factors that hinder the implementation of a reward management system in an organization that has unclear organization strategic goals and policies and to establish a positive relationship between reward system and job satisfaction. Literature review showed that organizations should view their employees as stakeholders and invest in providing them with incentives as a retention strategy for enhanced performance. Empirical studies done in Malaysia, Kenya and locally showed that organizations should preserve their employees by providing them incentives and continually improve employee retention strategies for enhanced performance. The study adopted pragmatism research philosophy which enabled the use of both qualitative and quantitative methods. An exploratory research design with a sample population of 100 non-academic and 60 academic staff was adopted for the study. The sample size of 160 was drawn from a population of 800 and calculated using Raosoft sample size calculator and convenience sampling was used to distribute questionnaires to employees. The study made use of both primary and secondary data. Primary data was obtained using questionnaires for employees and interview guide for management. Validity and reliability of the questionnaire was tested through a pilot study. Quantitative data was analyzed using SPSS version 21 and qualitative data was analyzed using grouping of themes. The study revealed that incentives at CUT are not properly distributed as CUT is failing to adequately communicate with employees, deliver incentives as promised resulting in employees lacking trust in the organization. The study concluded that reward management system as an incentive positively enhances the achievement of organizational strategic goals. The study recommends that CUT must have an effective reward system that build job satisfaction and addresses organizational commitment of its employees. The study also recommends that CUT should adequately preserve its employees through the use of various media platforms to communicate with employees, informing them on incentives and motivating them.


Objective To study the mechanism of muscle injury by observing the effects of static load on mitochondria function in rabbit muscle. Methods Ca 2+ concentration of mitochondria in rabbit muscle was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The contents of phosphorus from ATP were measured by the activity of Ca 2+ Mg 2+ ATPase as the indicator of zymohydrolysis. The malondialdehyde (MDA) contents of mitochondria were measured by the method of thiobarbituric acid reaction (TBA). Results The Ca 2+ concentrations of mitochondria were significantly higher than those of control groups respectively after 1 week and 4 weeks ( P0 01 ). After 1 week the Ca 2+ Mg 2+ ATPase activity of mitochondria was lower than that of control group ( P0.01 ). The contents of MDA were significantly higher than those of controls after 1 week and 4 weeks ( P0.05 ). Conclusion The muscle injury might be related to the decrease of the function of mitochondria.


Introduction: Management of type 2 diabetes revolves around achievement of target glycemic control with the help of antidiabetic drugs or insulin. There are various markers for measurement of glyceamic control like HbA1c, Mean Blood Glucose and fructosamine levels. Though HbA1c is a well validated standard method for assessment of glycemic control but it has also got certain limitations. Fructosamine, a less explored method may be used as an alternative marker for an assessment of glycemic control in cases where HbA1c is unreliable or unavailable. The objective of this study is to compare the fructosamine levels with HbA1c in assessment of glycemic control in type 2 diabetics so as to assess the utility of fructosamine as an alternative marker for evaluation of glucose control.
Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of retrospective data collected from 48type 2 diabetic patients who attended the medical outdoor of Nayati Medicity, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh. Data was collected from January 2018 to June 2018. Data was collected in terms of age, sex, BMI, duration of diabetes, fructosamine, HBA1c and FBS levels. Level of glycemic control was assessed with HbA1c and Fructosamine and fasting blood glucose levels.
Results: Analysis of glycemic control of 48type 2 diabetic patients showed that fructosamine and HbA1C level have statistically significant correlation with each other (p value < 0.001).
Conclusion: The level of fructosamine and HbA1C are significantly correlated with each other; and hence Fructosamine can be used as an alternative biomarker for assessment of glyceamic control in type 2 diabetics especially when hba1c values are unreliable or not available.


The time-derivatives up to the 6th-order of Eulerian and Lagrangian velocity fields in homogeneous and isotropic turbulence are computed. The Taylor expansions in powers of the time difference of the Eulerian as well as the Lagrangian two-time velocity correlations, and their Pade approximations are constructed from the time-derivatives. The Pade approximations are found to be in good agreement with direct numerical simulations.


The ecological approach has traditionally been used for analysing process control type, physically coupled causal system domains to identify structural associations between the physical components of a system and the abstract functions of the system. Systems are then designed to represent the system's structural links as optical invariants in configural displays (J. Rasmussen, 1986; K.J. Vicente and J. Rasmussen, 1992; J.P. Hansen, 1995). Systems designed through this approach have been found to improve user diagnostic and response ability, e.g. W.S. Pawlak and K.J. Vicente (1996). Whilst it has been found to be useful in causal systems domains, it is not clear how applicable the ecological approach is to designing interfaces to support decision making in human activity based intentional systems domains. The paper is an exploration of the usefulness of the ecological approach in intentional domains.


The performance of certain free space optical applications such as laser communication, LIDAR, target designation and astronomical observations may be improved by using beams of different wavelengths for the auxiliary actions of pointing/tracking or turbulence correction. Thus, wavelength dispersion in the atmosphere is a topic of concern for such applications. The chromatic effects of refraction in the atmosphere are generally well-understood and are a function of temperature, pressure, humidity and altitude, as well as the refractive index gradients. In applications such as astronomical observations, chromatic effects are typically predicted based on standard atmospheric models. However, for long horizontal or near-horizontal paths near the Earth's surface, significant refractive index gradients can be encountered that are associated with features such as inverse temperature layers and ducts. In this study, we explore the wavelength dependence of optical propagation through these temporary and reoccurring refractive index profiles. A ray tracing approach is implemented and the chromatic divergence of the rays through an inverse temperature layer is studied and compared with the behavior expected for the standard atmosphere.


A transition to natural and renewable resources is deemed necessary to preserve the environment and satisfy future energy needs globally. In this context, green economy can be considered a viable alternative paradigm that preserves growth expectations while protecting the earth's ecosystems.The objective of this study is to investigate whether "green" acquisitions represent a suitable way to support the green economy's growth, given that public subsidies alone do not suffice. To this end, we analyse bidders' post-acquisition performance (return on assets), based on data from the most recent deals, and try to decode whether bidders that "green" themselves find the potential to improve their financial performance and simultaneously enhance their corporate image.Results confirm that bidders opting for "green" deals can obtain better financial outcomes compared to firms that perform deals in other sectors. This implies that firms may favor such transactions both to foster their external growth and obtain better operating and financial results, while attributing a green identity to their corporate image and protecting the environment. These findings bestow and elevate confidence in the potential of relevant research, raising focus on unexplored Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A) aspects of growing interest among investors worldwide.


Objective To investigate the influence of polysaccharide and nucleoside extract from bacille Calmett-Guerin (PNCG)on the frequency of peripheral cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen positive (CLA+)T lymphocyte derived lymphokines in atopic dermatitis (AD)and to explore their associations with the disease severity. Methods A randomized,double blind and placebo cross-over control method was used to treat the AD patients. Before and after the treatment,flow cytometry was used to measure the frequencies of IL-4,IL-5,IFN-γ,TNFα positive CLA+T cells. Disease severity was evaluated by atopic dermatitis area and severity index score (ADASIS). Results After the PNCG treatment,the frequency of IL-5+ CLA+T cell decreased significantly,while IFN-γ increased,compared with the placebo control group. PNCG could improve the ADASIS. Conclusion PNCG may treat AD through restoring the immune balance of CLA+T cells.


A national survey of educators in advertising creative classes asked about teaching challenges as well as the same open-ended questions asked of Creative Directors in the Kendrick, Slayden, and Broyles (1996) study. Results showed some differences but more striking similarities. Both professors and professionals agree on the importance of conceptual ability and the portfolio for the entry-level creatives as well as bringing working professionals into the classroom. Findings suggest that the Ivory Tower and the Real World may not be all that different. (Contains 18 references and 3 tables of data.) (Author/RS) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. A view from the Ivory Tower to the Real World: A survey of those who teach advertising creative courses Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication Convention Presented August 2000 Phoenix, Arizona Sheri J. Broyles University of North Texas Department of Journalism Mayborn Graduate Institute of Journalism P.O. Box 311460 Denton, Texas 76203-1460 sbroyles @unt.edu U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy.


Language and culture lay the foundation of humanities and arts for an ethnicity. These two facets complement and flesh out each other, and the connection between the both is therefore worth investigation. The purpose of this study is to locate the cultural components within the language domain, establish a comparative framework of thought patterns between Chinese and English, and investigate the relationship between cultural cognition and language learning. The major research topics explored in the study were: 1) cultural contents through verbal delivery, 2) ways of culture acquisition, and 3) culture in digital communication. Conclusions were substantiated that language and culture are dependent on each other, with the former being the principal means of communication and the latter, fundamentals to communication. Nevertheless, frustration may be implicit in an attempt to express oneself adequately or even correctly in another culture, because cultural knowledge is lacking. Although culture cognizing may not always be comfortable or pleasant in various settings, it plays the key to the language barrier surmounting.


The invention of writing, mathematics, and metrology in the ancient Near East at the end of the fourth millennium bce is owed to the exigencies of (public) administration and control under conditions of increasing social and economic complexity. The precursors of writing (systems of accounting based on the use of "tokens" and seals) that are attested in the region document the need for complex administrative practices already at a much earlier period (Nissen, Damerow, and Englund 1991).

Keywords:

ancient Near East;
archives and documents;
economic history;
political history


pseudoaneurysm of the breast, with or without thrombosis, has been described in several reports.1–11 It usually develops as a complication following interventional procedures and appears shortly after the procedures. Spontaneous pseudoaneurysm formation in patients with underlying diseases such as hypertension and coagulation disorders have been described.6 We report a case of a thrombosed pseudoaneurysm in the breast that presented as a palpable mass 2 months after blunt trauma and the complicated course of diagnosis using multiple imaging modalities and some invasive procedures because of nonspecific clinical and imaging features. Here we report the details of this case.


This study aims to describe the phenomenon of the influence of organizational communication as a basis for organizing and interpersonal communication on the activeness of the Ansor youth committee in Trenggalek Branch. The Ansor youth movement is a socio-religious organization, which has an organizational structure from the center to the regions, the central means at the center of government located in Jakarta and the regions down to the village level which have a considerable share of the changes in the Trenggalek Muslim community. The growing number of organizational members requires a series of coordination and consolidation between members so that this organization works according to its vision and mission. This study uses a quantitative research approach. There are 37 administrators consisting of daily administrators, institutions and departments as samples in the study. The questionnaire is used as a data collection tool. Data analysis using multiple linear analysis. Where, Y = 5,167 + 0,315.X 1 + 0,412.X2. The results of data analysis and hypothesis testing show that there is an influence of organizational communication on the increase in member performance, with an influence of 0.678 where the variable relationship between organizational communication and interpersonal communication has an effect on the performance of the management by 67.8%. Organizational communication has an effect on improving the performance of GP members. Ansor. The results also show that there is an influence of organizational communication and interpersonal communication influencing the activeness of the board and members of the Trenggalek branch of the Ansor youth movement organization. GP organization capabilities. Ansor involves members on organizational issues and translates them into certain forms of action under clear leadership to make the performance of the members more focused and orderly so that members are able to create and handle relationships between others if problems occur. Even the increased organizational spirit enables members to make decisions even in ambiguous and uncertain situations. Openness in building communication is one of the keys to building mutual trust and understanding among Ansor members.


We study the Edwards-Anderson model on a simple cubic lattice with a finite constant external field. We employ an indicator composed of a ratio of susceptibilities at finite wavenumbers, which was recently proposed to avoid the difficulties of a zero momentum quantity, for capturing the spin glass phase transition. Unfortunately, this new indicator is fairly noisy, so a large pool of samples at low temperature and small external field are needed to generate results with sufficiently small statistical error for analysis. We thus implement the Monte Carlo method using graphics processing units to drastically speedup the simulation. We confirm previous findings that conventional indicators for the spin glass transition, including the Binder ratio and the correlation length do not show any indication of a transition for rather low temperatures. However, the ratio of spin glass susceptibilities do show crossing behavior, albeit a systematic analysis is beyond the reach of the present data. This calls for a more thorough study of the three-dimension Edwards-Anderson model in an external field.


Universities are facing increasingly complex trends and challenges in attracting and retaining the best students. This has coaxed university marketers to embrace marketing practices and ideas in order to acquire and retain these students. The study aims at understanding potential students' decision-making with respect to what and who influences them when choosing a university. The research design is descriptive and self-administered questionnaires were fielded to first-year students at a comprehensive university early in the academic year. A total of 1 290 useable responses were realised. The study uncovered that brochures and the students' parents are most influential in their choice. Significant differences were uncovered based upon demographics of respondents and key information sources that influence university choice. The findings imply that university marketers should segment the prospective student market by taking into account that prospective students differ with regard to the extent of who and what influence their university choice. Key words: South African Higher Education, South African university, prospective student, university choice, key information sources, decision-making process.


As a book of political education in ancient times, Book of History was an important carrier of etiquette and music enlightenment, and was regarded by Confucius as a textbook for political education. Mencius was an admirer of Confucius and Mencius school was in fact a branch of Confucian. Therefore, in the complicated social environment in the Warring States, Mencius cited from Book for his own theory, and most of his thought came from Book of History, such as the thought of regarding people as the foundation and policy of benevolence, etc. The compiling of the preface to Book was similar in writing style to Mencius' citation from Book. Therefore, it can be concluded that the preface to Book was not written by Confucius. From the citation of Mencius, we can pry the dissemination and developmental changes, which will help promote the researches of the tradition of Book in the Warring States.


Background: Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is frequent in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Neurological manifestations can be grouped into one of the three functional divisions of the peripheral nervous system (PNS): sensory, motor and autonomic. One of the chemotherapeutic agents used in ALL is vincristine which has been associated with neuropathy in these children. This type of neuropathy can be transient but also leave permanent sequels that decrease patient's quality of life. Objectives: To know the frequency and type of neuropathy induced by chemotherapy in a subpopulation of Mexican pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted. There were included all pediatric patients with ALL diagnosed de novo from 2010 to December 31, 2013 who met the selection criteria. Descriptive statistics were used to determine the frequency and type of CIPN and information was described according to different clinical variables, type of treatment, risk classification, and ALL subtype according to the immunophenotype. Results: A total of 32 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia were included, mainly of early pre-B immunophenotype (93.8%), being 59.4% classified as high risk patients at the time of diagnosis. CIPN of sensory type was 78.1%, motor 34.3% and autonomic 40.6%. A significant proportion of patients (46.9%) were examined during maintenance phase. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first study to report the frequency and type of CIPN in a subpopulation of Mexican children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Frequency of CIPN was higher than that reported in other populations. By considering that prognosis of a patient presenting CIPN could be considered as favorable after treatment suspension (in most cases), it is not always reversible and affects patient's quality of life. Therefore, it is necessary for all patients with ALL to be periodically monitored during treatment through neurological examination for detecting and immediately initiating their rehabilitation treatment.


Peer nomination and questionnaire are used to test 876 pupils to examine the relationship among attachment to parents,teacher acceptance,peer acceptance and pupils' loneliness.The results show that there is significant correlation among the four factors ;in different levels of the variables,there is significant difference of the children's loneliness;and attachment to parents,teacher acceptance and peer acceptance can significantly predict the pupils' loneliness,but there is significant difference in gender and grade.


Neuroprotection, early diagnosis, and behavioral intervention are national priorities for dementia research. Sleep duration is emerging as an important potential remediable risk factor. In this study, we examined the total sleep time derived from overnight polysomnography (PSG) studies in veterans with a current dementia diagnosis at the time of PSG study (dementia), future diagnosis of dementia following the PSG study (incipient dementia), and no diagnosis of dementia at any time point (no dementia) over a 19-year period.

 We identified 69,847 PSG sleep studies using CPT code 95810 and all-cause dementia diagnosis using ICD 9/10 codes (e.g., F03.90) from 2000-19 in the US Department of Veteran Affairs (VA) national database. To be included patients must have ≥ 1 VA visits in 12 months leading up to PSG. Dementia diagnosis must be documented on two separate visits between 12 months prior to 6 months following PSG for current dementia group and anytime after the PSG for incipient dementia. We used natural language processing to extract TST values from the patient free-text notes. Analysis of variance was used to compare PSG TST of the three groups.

 Patients had a mean age of 55.4±13.8 at the time of PSG study, 91.5% were male, and 64% were Caucasian. TST of dementia patients (N=1,031) was m=257±110m (d=0.33, p<.05), incipient dementia (N=1,875) was m=253±116m (d=0.35, p<.05) versus no dementia (61,871) m=292±104mins.

 Patients with a diagnosis of dementia at the time of PSG study and patients that went on to receive a diagnosis following their PSG study had a significantly lower total sleep time compared to patients that have never received a dementia diagnosis. This is an important study that compares sleep duration during overnight PSG studies and dementia diagnosis across 19 years in the largest integrated healthcare system in the US.

 This material is based upon work supported in part by the Department of Veteran Affairs, Veterans Health Administration, Office of Research and Development, and the Center for Innovations in Quality, Effectiveness and Safety (CIN 13-413). Dr. Nowakowski is also supported by a National Institutes of Health (NIH) Grant (R01NR018342).


The various physical processes which afrect the rate-of-epread of fires on surface fuel beds are discussed, Specifically, these include conduction, radiation from the flame a,nd burning fuel bed, 6nd convective heating influenced by wind. A new interpretation of a laboratory experiment is given, a,nd from this a balance between radiative heating from the flame and convective cooling of the fuel bed is established. The ratio between these two effects may be expressed as a new dimensionlese number, P (defined by equation 5.12 or 5.16). If P ( 1, radiation from the flame of the fue alone is not capable of causing the fire to spread, whereas if P > I, generally it is. Ma'ny laboratory experiments have P ( 1, whereas P ) l for moderate to large fires in the field. The most significant factor a,frecting fire propagation is wind, which increases both radiative and convective heating. Much of this process ie turbulent and involves large eddiee in the boundary layer a.nd fuel canopy' and their interaction with fires is currently poorly understood.


The carpal tunnel of 50 cadavers (100 hands) was dissected. Macroscopic finding included 14 median nerves with pressure signs (in 4 cadavers, unilaterally and 5 bilaterally). In three cadavers, marked synovitis was seen around the tendons and the nerve; in one, lipoma was evident; and in the rest, thickening of the volar carpal ligament was seen. Microscopic examination of the compressed nerves showed concentric thickening of the perineurium, thrombosis of veins, and intrafascicular fibrosis. In one nerve, the thickening of the perineurium was not concentric, but only at that part of the fascicle adjacent to the volar carpal ligament in an "onion peel" form.


The overall objective of this proposal is to elucidate how cover crop C input controls shortand long-term N cycling through regulating microbial community function within soil microenvironments. More specifically, we aim to investigate how C input, via the cover crop root system, stimulates the microbial community to cycle N more efficiently. Hence, we will investigate how the microbial community structure mediates the turnover and subsequent stabilization of belowand aboveground cover crop-N across various soil microenvironments.


In this letter, we have investigated the deflection angle of light by wormholes using a new geometrical method known as Gibbons-Werner method (GW). In particular we have calculated the deflection angle of light in the weak limit approximation in two wormhole spacetime geometries: Ellis wormhole and Janis-Newman-Winnicour (JNW) wormhole. We have employed the famous Gauss-Bonnet theorem (GBT) to the Ellis wormhole optical geometry and JNW wormhole optical geometry, respectively. By using GBT, we computed the deflection angles in leading orders by these wormholes and our results were compared with the ones in the literature.


Traditionally, meat and poultry marinades have been used to convey a mixture of ingredients, through soaking, massaging, tumbling or injecting, in an effort to inuence avor, texture or other sensory attributes. Adding functional ingredients to a marinade can further inuence product yield, cook loss, oxidative and microbial stability, and operational efciency. Functional ingredient classes may include salts, sweeteners, phosphates, starches, gums and other hydrocolloids, and non-meat proteins. Many ingredients perform multiple functions when properly selected and incorporated through marinating. For example, aside from their contribution to flavor, ingredients like sodium chloride, sugars, and sodium or potassium lactate chemically bind water and effectively reduce water activity, which may positively inuence shelf life. The combination of sodium chloride with phosphate enhances water holding capacity of the meat system by aiding muscle protein extraction, positively impacting yield and product texture, and minimizing package purge and cooking losses. Phosphates also have chelating properties that effectively reduce oxidation and warmed over avor. Certain sweeteners participate in maillard browning to enhance product avor and appearance. Starches, gums and other hydrocolloids effectively manage moisture to improve yield, manipulate texture, and minimize purge. Non-meat proteins also control moisture, but often are formulated to replace meat for economic purposes. Certain non-meat proteins may also contribute to marinade viscosity, which can inuence absorption and retention. Freeze-thaw stability can be manipulated by the addition of certain sugars and modied starches. Water, while typically the transport medium for other ingredients in a marinade, can impact the efcacy of certain other functional ingredients. Chilling and softening source water for marinades can provide signicant benets in minimizing oxidation and improving protein extraction. In conclusion, proper ingredient selection, inclusion level, order of addition, and an understanding of functional properties and limitations are critical to success of the nished product.


Color blindness is a color perception problem of human eye to distinguish colors. Persons who are suffering from color blindness face many problem in day to day life because many information are contained in color representations like traffic light, road signs etc. Daltonization is a procedure for adapting colors in an image or a sequence of images for improving the color perception by a color-deficient viewer. In this paper, we propose a re- coloring algorithm to improve the accessibility for the color deficient viewers. In Particular, we select protanopia, a type of dichromacy where the patient does not naturally develop "Red", or Long wavelength, cones in his or her eyes. This algorithm when applied to the original image and after some processing provides satisfactory output image that is distinguishable by color deficient viewers.


In underwater sensor networks (UWSNs), determining the location of every sensor is important and the process of estimating the location of each node in a sensor network is known as localization. While various localization algorithms have been proposed for terrestrial sensor networks, there are relatively few localization schemes for UWSNs. The characteristics of underwater sensor networks are fundamentally different from that of terrestrial networks. Underwater acoustic channels are characterized by harsh physical layer environments with stringent bandwidth limitations. The variable speed of sound and the long propagation delays under water pose a unique set of challenges for localization in UWSN. This paper explores the different localization algorithms that are relevant to underwater sensor networks, and the challenges in meeting the requirements posed by emerging applications for such networks, e.g. offshore engineering.


To help mitigate climate change and its associated costs, behavioral economists need to better understand the determinants of pro-environmental behavior. How can this behavior be measured in the lab or online? This study presents the Tree Task , an incentivized, one-shot task used to measure pro-environmental behavior in the form of tree planting. In the Tree Task , individuals face a trade-off between individual immediate financial rewards and long-term environmental gains. In particular, participants have to decide between spending money to plant trees or keeping the money for themselves. We find that participants' decisions depend on the costs and environmental impact of a tree. As expected, higher costs lead to fewer planted trees, whereas higher carbon dioxide offsets foster tree planting. The number of trees planted correlates with established self-reports assessing environmental attitudes and intentions, belief in climate change, and values in line with pro-environmental behavior. The Tree Task extends the set of validated tasks measuring incentivized pro-environmental behavior in the lab as a short, vivid, and easy-to-explain task.


AbstractThe Community Atmosphere Model, version 4 (CAM4), was released as part of the Community Climate System Model, version 4 (CCSM4). The finite volume (FV) dynamical core is now the default because of its superior transport and conservation properties. Deep convection parameterization changes include a dilute plume calculation of convective available potential energy (CAPE) and the introduction of convective momentum transport (CMT). An additional cloud fraction calculation is now performed following macrophysical state updates to provide improved thermodynamic consistency. A freeze-drying modification is further made to the cloud fraction calculation in very dry environments (e.g., the Arctic), where cloud fraction and cloud water values were often inconsistent in CAM3. In CAM4 the FV dynamical core further degrades the excessive trade-wind simulation, but reduces zonal stress errors at higher latitudes. Plume dilution alleviates much of the midtropospheric tropical dry biases and reduces the persist...


The invention relates to a binocular far infrared intelligent assistant safety driving system, and belongs to the technical field of photoelectric image processing. According to the binocular far infrared intelligent assistant safety driving system, two special far infrared sensors, which are capable of carrying out real-time dynamic posture adjustment, and a wireless network mobility comprehensive information interaction platform, which is embedded into a driving instrument board in a vehicle, are arranged at the front end of the vehicle, so that intelligent judgment and dynamic tracking are carried out on longitudinal separations, speed, acceleration and dangerousness of different dynamic or static targets at depth coordinates in the front of the travelling vehicle, front vehicles, pedestrians or animals can be promoted or warned at night through starting a remote warming illuminating system, and meanwhile, a driver can be prompted to decelerate or adopt a brake measure, when a distance is lower than a safety distance and the driver has no reaction, an assistant brake system is triggered to realize automatic safety driving to provide important guarantee for zero casualty accident, and meanwhile, through a 3G network platform, the vehicle is subjected to real-time location, and the intelligent traffic management is realized.


This paper surveys Professor Wen-tsun's contribution to the history of mathematics and explains significance of his idea and research work to the development of the history of mathematics in China.Wu's achievements opens a new epoch and provides some new approaches and methodology for the study of the history of mathematics in China.He sets up The Silk Road Foundation on Mathematics and Astronomy,which is playing an important role to encouragement of the study of the mathematical and astronomical relations among East Asia,Arab,and West.He also applies his history study to his mathematics studies and obtains a series of important achievements.Wu is indeed a model scientist of making the past service the present and Independent Innovation.


This paper assessed the impact of political institutions, ICT infrastructure, and social networks on citizens' self-motivation and engagement in policy formulation. The study was motivated by limited citizen engagement in policy formulation in Uganda which has made Uganda as a country to score poorly both in the e-government and e-participation index and contradict Article 38 of the Constitution of Uganda which advocates for citizen engagement in policy formulation. Thus, this study aimed to increase citizen engagement through the adaption of the Motivation, Opportunity, and Ability (MOA) model. A survey collected Primary data from 361 village health teams and local council Chairpersons. The collected data was analysed using SPSS and SEM. Results found that; political institutions, ICT infrastructure, and social networks influence self-motivation, political institutions, and self-motivation influence engagement while self-motivation fully mediates the relationship between ICT infrastructure, social networks, and citizen engagement, it partially mediates the relationship between political institutions and engagement. The practical implication is that political institutions are essential in stimulating citizens' self-motivation and engagement.


Atomic resolution models of proteins are crucial for understanding their biological
mechanisms and provide insights into the relationship between protein sequence and
structure. Many protein structures incorporate metal ions, exploiting their unique
chemistry as reaction centres or for structural stability. This thesis describes the
progress made towards solving the structures of three such metal-binding proteins by
means of X-ray crystallography.

Complement component C1 is a large protein complex that initiates the first
line of immune defence and requires calcium for structural stability. Fragments of C1
have already been solved at high resolution, but there are no accurate models of the
assembled complex. In this work, a new method for purifying intact C1 from human
serum was developed and the purified complex was characterised by various methods.
Finally, attempts were made to crystallise native human C1 with a view to obtaining
high-resolution structures of the entire complex.

Serum amyloid P is another serum protein, also thought to be involved in the
immune response. It is often found associated with amyloid deposits, although SAP
binds a variety of ligands in a calcium-dependent manner. While the structure of SAP
has been determined, its physiological function is still not fully understood. SAP was
purified using established methods and its ligand-binding properties were investigated
under various conditions using dynamic light scattering, in an attempt to gather more
information about the possible function of this molecule.

Finally, ZiCo is a small peptide that was designed to switch between a
multimeric coiled coil and a monomeric zinc finger fold on binding zinc. The system has
been characterised extensively in solution, but high-resolution structures are required to
validate the design. ZiCo was crystallised and diffraction data were collected. The
structure of the peptide was partially solved, indicating that the multimeric form of the
ZiCo peptide is indeed a trimeric coiled coil.


With the development of cloud computing and artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things (IoT) products are gradually entering every corner of our lives and changing the way we live. Yet traditional computer authentication protocol cannot be used directly in the Internet of things devices, because of its limitations (e.g., simple CPU structure, low storage capacity, weak computing power, etc.). Therefore, the authentication protocol for the Internet of Things is an essential ingredient for securing the internet of things. In this paper, we introduce the background of authentication protocol for the Internet of Things, analyze the differences of authentication protocol between computer and Internet of Things, and then illustrates the developing trend of IoT authentication protocol. Based on the thorough survey, we discuss the new features of the authentication protocol for the Internet of Things from three aspects: description, solution. opportunities. At last, we specify some difficulties for the research of authentication protocol in the IoT.


In my discussion about the early treatment, I am going to point out three important matters: 1. Open public health service The deliveries are made at hospitals and the health service is the first to detect and treat children who are disturbed in their development. It also supervisor pregnancies. Upon the delivery, the screening test is used to analyze the risk delivery. At the beginning, the treatment is individual. 2. Group (5-8) children in regular kindergarten The transition of the child from the clinical treatment to the kindergarten is the result of an agreement between the team of experts both from the health institutes and pedagogical field of activity working in this way also when the child is in the nursery. The group of 5-8 handicapped children is now under the supervision of a nursery teacher having been to obtain special pedagogical education. 3. Seminars of parents The state unity of associations providing for handicapped, in cooperation with local associations, organizes seminars lasting several days for parents and children. The purpose of the seminars is first of all helping parents in solving their emotional problems and also informing them on numerous issues appearing in connection with their child and themselves.


A three-magnon problem for an exactly rung-dimerized spin ladder is brought up separately in all total spin sectors. At first, a special duality transformation of the Schrödinger equation is found within the general outlook. Then the problem is treated within the coordinate Bethe ansatz. A straightforward approach is developed to obtain pure scattering states. At values S = 0 and S = 3 of total spin, the Schrödinger equation has a form inherent in the XXZ chain. At S = 1, 2, solvability holds only in five previously found completely integrable cases. Nevertheless, even in a general non-integrable case, there are some special Bethe solutions in both S = 1 and S = 2 sectors. Pure scattering states in all total spin sectors are presented explicitly.


The close correlation between economic activity and freight performance is emphasized in numerous international studies. With regard to Austria, timely information on truck mileage has been available since 2004 when Austria introduced road pricing. In this study, truck road pricing data compiled by the Austrian highway authority (ASFINAG) are analyzed for the first time with respect to their adequacy as a leading indicator for various macroeconomic indicators. The results show that truck mileage is a good leading indicator above all for goods exports. The timely availability provides an information advantage in analyzing economic developments of two to three months relative to the first release of export data by Statistics Austria.


In The State of the European Union: Fault Lines in European Integration, Stefanie Wohl, Elisabeth Springler, Martin Pachel and Bernhard Zeilinger offer a new collection analysing European integration after the 2008 financial crisis, providing a critique of European economic reforms and insight for progressive European policies. The volume adds new voices and viewpoints to European Studies, enriching and pluralising the debate, writes Vanessa Bilancetti.


As a result of improvements in living standards, infection with hepatitis A virus (HAV) is probably less common among children and young adults today than it was a generation ago in many countries.' Nonetheless, hepatitis A remains a significant and relatively common cause of morbidity and occasional mortality. A continuing low level of endemic HAV transmission poses an important public health problem in many developed countries, including the United States. In addition, hepatitis A is a significant threat for the increasing numbers of international travellers who visit lesser developed countries where HAV remains highly prevalent. Although HAV does not cause chronic viral hepatitis, hepatitis A can be an impressive illness, particularly in adults, and often requires a relatively lengthy period of convalescence prior to return of full health. In the past, the passive administration of immune serum globulin offered the only means of protection against hepatitis A. However, recent advances in our understanding of HAV and continuing efforts to develop effective hepatitis A vaccines now offer solid hope for improved control of this infectious This review will summarise current understanding of the molecular virology and pathobiology of HAV and recent progress in the development of vaccines for active immunisation against hepatitis A.


The corrosion rate, morphology, and composition of corrosion products of 20# seamless steel in CO2 medium under gas–liquid two-phase stratified flow conditions (CO2/aqueous solution) have been investigated using the weight loss method, scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, and x-ray diffraction. The forming mechanism of corrosion products has been discussed. Results showed the irregular zigzag trend of the corrosion rate curve with the gradual extension of corrosion time. The corrosion rate peaked at corrosion times of 4 and 8 h, with the values reaching 1.49 and 0.647 mm/a, respectively. At the beginning of the corrosion process, a layer of special iron oxide formed rapidly on the 20# steel surface. The local corrosion products with cell shape precipitate and grow on the special iron oxide surface with the extension of corrosion time, and the initial corrosion product is mainly strip-shaped along the CO2 gas flow direction. The local cellular corrosion products extended along the perpendicular direction of gas flow to gradually form an entire covering product layer with the extension of corrosion time. The main phases of corrosion products include FeCO3 and iron oxides. The loose inner layer mainly comprised Fe3C and little amount FeCO3, whereas the dense outer layer was mainly composed of FeCO3 and a few iron oxides. The loose corrosion product layer presented a period of densification after formation.


In this paper we estimate exchange rate pass-through into import prices in Indonesia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand during the period from 1974 to 2000. The estimation results show that among the four countries only Singapore had incomplete exchange rate pass-through; the other three countries had complete exchange rate pass-through. The degrees of exchange rate pass-through in major Southeast Asian countries did not differ systematically from the degrees of exchange rate pass-through estimated in a sample of industrialized countries. Factors that seem to be contributing to the variation of exchange rate pass-through across countries are differential inflation rates, money growth, and the presence of MNCs together with intra-firm trade.


Membrane separation has notably important applications in many fields. Boronate affinity provides a method to specifically recognize cis-diol-containing molecules. However, there is no report on the preparation and application of boronate affinity membranes. In the present study, high-capacity boronate affinity membranes were synthesized by grafting polyethyleneimine (PEI) to regenerated-cellulose (RC) membranes and subsequently coupling 4-formylphenylboronic acid. Detailed physical characterizations using Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed the success of the synthesis. The morphology of the membranes, which were characterized using an atomic force microscope (AFM), indicates that the membrane became smoother after the polymer was grafted. The boronate affinity membrane had high selectivity and a high adsorption capacity for cis-diol-containing molecules; its saturated adsorption capacity for catechol, salbutamol, dopamine and adenosine was 511, 103, 472 and 120 μmol g−1, respectively, which is much higher than that of most reported particulate or monolithic adsorbents. In addition, the membrane showed notably fast adsorption and desorption equilibration for the cis-diol-containing molecules. It was successfully used to enrich dopamine in urine samples with notably efficient reusability, which indicates its promising application in the pretreatment of real complex samples.


Abstract Most of the work on resilience of urban infrastructures focuses on their technical performance and reliability in disaster situations. In general, when we link urban infrastructure and Civil Engineering, we think of technology, engineering, constructions and technical or control buildings. In a state of pandemic like the current one, the study of the relationship between urban infrastructures and resilience is a phenomenon scarcely studied in the literature. The main objectives of the article are to analyse, from a Civil Engineering and actors' perspective, the role and behaviour of urban infrastructures for the maintenance of the wellbeing of the community in a pandemic situation, and to fill a gap in the existing bibliography. The authors argue that the human factor is the most important element for infrastructure to be resilient in a Covid-19 situation. To achieve the objectives, a review of the literature was carried out considering the works published in the last 10 years. Then, a reflection is made about the influence of the resilience in infrastructures during a pandemic situation considering the relevant sustainability factors. As practical implications of this article, the drawn conclusions are expected to represent value for the societies of the future.


The climatic impact of ocean heat transport (OHT) is studied in a series of idealized aquaplanet climate model experiments. OHT is prescribed through a simple geometrical formula spanning a wide variety of amplitudes and meridional extents. Calculations with a comprehensive GCM are compared against a simple diffusive energy balance model (EBM). The GCM response differs from the EBM in several important ways that illustrate linkages between atmospheric dynamics and radiative processes. Increased OHT produces global mean warming at a rate of 2 K PW−1 OHT across 30° and a strong reduction in meridional temperature gradient. The tropics remain nearly isothermal despite locally large imposed ocean heat uptake. The warmer climate features reduced equatorial convection, moister subtropics, reduced cloudiness, and partial but incomplete compensation in atmospheric heat transport. Many of these effects are linked to a weakened Hadley circulation. Both the warming pattern and hydrological changes differ strongly from those driven by CO2. Similar results are found at 0° and 23.45° obliquity. It is argued that clouds, rather than clear-sky radiative processes, are principally responsible for the global warming and tropical thermostat effects. Cloud changes produce warming in all cases, but the degree of warming depends strongly on the meridional extent of OHT. The strongest warming occurs in response to mid- to high-latitude OHT convergence, which produces widespread loss of boundary layer clouds. Temperature responses to increased OHT are quantitatively reproduced in the EBM by imposing GCM-derived cloud radiative effects as additional forcing.


Individual preference and tolerance can be seen as relevant traits for the understanding of the relationship between exercise intensity and behavioral outcomes. To better understand that relationship, this scoping review aimed to analyze preference for, and tolerance of, exercise intensity constructs in physical activity settings by verifying the contextual utility and feasibility of the subscales in the multiple settings of their application, the interpretation of the subscales, associations with other variables, and the reported limitations of the subscales' use. The search was conducted through PubMed, SPORTDiscus, PsycINFO, and B-on databases. Inclusion criteria were healthy individuals including athletes, experimental and nonexperimental studies written in English based on the assessment of subjective intensity in exercise; studies including the variables tolerance and/or preference. Exclusion criteria were instrument validation studies with no concurrent data, gray literature, and systematic reviews. Thirty-six studies published between 2005 and 2022 were analyzed. Results indicate that both constructs appear to be useful and feasible in various physical activity settings. No relevant limitations were reported for its use. Preference and tolerance constructs assessed with the PRETIE-Q (Preference for and Tolerance of the Intensity of Exercise Questionaire) seem to offer a simple but useful understanding of the individual relation with exercise intensity in several physical activity–related outcomes.


The article presents a field experience in photogrammetric imagery and the Caucasus dolmen culture objects processing. This work objective is developing creative high quality three dimensional simple method in resource-limited settings. This approach analyzes insufficiently explored and hard-to-reach dolmen groups with interesting technical and cult elements. The objects are located in the Tuapse region: on the Mezetsu and Bzeuls ridges and on the upper of the Psynako river. As a result, we received eight high-precision models. There are seven standalone objects models and the three dolmens in these. Also, this article the collecting features and field data processing indicates. We believe our experience might be useful not in archaeology only but in other disciplines with similar objects fixing difficulties.


Herbal medicines are vigorously marketed, but poorly regulated. Analysis methodology for this field is still forming. One particular analytical task is confirmation of plant species identity for medicinal plants used as ingredients. In this work, machine learning approach has been implemented for LC–MS plant species identification. Samples for 36 plant species have been analyzed. Peak data (m/z, abundance) from respective samples have been used for development of classification algorithms. Namely, logistic regression (LR), support vector machine (SVM) and random forest (RF) techniques were used. For most of used machine learning algorithms, classification accuracy of 95% higher were obtained on cross-validation dataset. Now, massive training datasets are needed for full-scale application of this approach. © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.


Clarity in identification is a hallmark ofmedicine, in reference to the identification of patients, laboratory results, medications, and so forth. So, why, in the critical environment in which health care is delivered, are the roles and authority of healthcare providers not identifiable? There are two identifiers of position and authority. One is attire and the other is title. In earlier times, physicianswore a long white coat or a business suit, often with a stethoscope prominently displayed around their neck or dangling, jauntily, from their coat pocket. Nurses wore white uniforms and caps that indicated the school from which they had graduated and whether they were registered nurses or licensed vocational nurses. Surgical personnel wore scrubs. Laboratory personnel also wore long white coats, but they rarely ventured onto patient floors. Ancillary staff usually wore business attire and chaplains were either in clerical garb or wore suits or dresses with an appropriate religious symbol clearly visible. Today, medical students, in their short white coats, are probably the last vestige of a specific category of healthcare worker wearing specific attire. It is now not uncommon for physicians to make rounds wearing casual street clothesVeven jeans or golfing attire. Nurses wear scrubs, as do occupational therapists, respiratory therapists, physical therapists, radiologic technologists, and phlebotomists; even ward clerks are wearing scrubs. More healthcare workers wear long white coats, including social workers, physician assistants, and nurse practitioners. The ability of a patient, patient's family member, or even another healthcare provider to identify the appropriate person to answer a specific question or perform a certain task has become difficult. Even when a person's functional capacity is embroidered on his or her lab coat (if he or she is wearing a lab coat) the name, degree, and profession are frequently obscured by a pocketful of pens, a notebook, or papers. Some healthcare facilities require specific attire (eg, different colored scrubs) for different allied health workers. Requiring specific attire, based on one's function, is not universal, and when it is used, the types or colors of attire are not standardized from one facility to another. Regarding title, it is confusing for patients and their families when a healthcare worker introduces himself or herself as ''doctor.'' Most nonmedical people presume that the person is a physician or surgeon and may wonder why this doctor, who isn't ''their'' doctor, is even talking to them. Thinking that this ''doctor'' is a medical doctor, they may inquire about their diagnosis, treatment plan, or prognosis when, in fact, the doctor is an allied health professional who has earned a doctoral degree. This identification problem has become more common as a result of two factors: the increased number of nursing and allied health professions that offer doctoral degrees and the increased number of instances in which allied health professionals are interacting directly with patients. What benefit is there in this loss of distinction? More important, what harm, risk, or inefficiencies does it produce? There are no benefits other than promoting the individual's right to dress as he or she chooses and to be addressed by a well-earned honorific, but the lack of distinction creates confusion. As noted, above, the title ''doctor'' has lost its specificity. At one time, the title referred to a licensed practitioner of the medical arts, either an MD or a DO and, even today, 94% of people surveyed randomly equate the title ''doctor'' with ''physician,'' even though 77% of people who use the title are not physicians. There are Doctors of Nursing, Doctors of Physical Therapy, Doctors of Occupational Therapy, Doctors of Laboratory Science, and so forth. These doctors, who have earned their degrees through advanced study, are justifiably proud of their accomplishments and refer to themselves, and expect to be addressed, by this title. There should be no objection to this, but within the healthcare environment, when it obscures rather than clarifies the situation, is it helpful? Some argue that the word ''doctor''derives from the Latin ''docere,'' which means ''to teach.'' In Latin, the word used to indicate a medical doctor is ''medicus.'' As such, the word ''doctor''should not be the exclusive property of physicians and surgeons; however, the word ''medicus'' has never caught on and the word ''physician,'' although useful in describing what one is, is not useful as a term of direct address. ''Physician Johnson, may I speak with you regarding Mrs. Smith?''doesn't roll easily off the tongue. Others argue that traditional and common usage should be considered. Based on common usage, the American Medical Association (AMA) passed a resolution resolving ''that the title of 'Doctor,' in a medical setting, apply only to physicians licensed to practice medicine in all its branches, dentists and podiatrists.'' The American Nurses Association rejected the AMA's resolution, suggesting the creation of the term ''medical doctor'' as a differentiating title, stating, ''Those who have earned a doctorate degree may be called a 'doctor.' There is no legitimate reason to exclude nurses from this practiceI .'' TheAmerican Society ofHealth System Pharmacists also objected to the AMA resolution, stating, ''Therefore, the need for legislation as called for in the resolution to protect the titles resident, residency, and doctor seem [sic] Perspective


BMS-986094, a 2′-C-methylguanosine prodrug for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus infection, was withdrawn from phase 2 clinical trials because of unexpected cardiac and renal toxicities. To better understand these toxicities, the in vitro metabolism of BMS-986094 in human hepatocytes (HHs) and human cardiomyocytes (HCMs) and the measurement of BMS-986094 and selected metabolites in monkey plasma and tissues were assessed. BMS-986094 was extensively metabolized by HHs and HCMs, resulting in more efficient formation and accumulation of the active triphosphorylated metabolite, INX-09114, and less efficient efflux of metabolites in HCMs. The predominant metabolism pathway (hydrolysis) in HHs and HCMs was not associated with the formation of reactive metabolites or oxidative stress. In cynomolgus monkeys dosed with BMS-986094 of 15 or 30 mg/kg/d for 3 weeks, the nucleoside metabolite M2 was the major plasma analyte (66%-68% of the combined area under the curve). INX-09114 was the highest drug-related species in the heart and kidney (2,610-4,280 ng/mL [males]; ∼2-420× the concentration of other analytes). Other analytes increased dose dependently, with BMS-986094 highest in diaphragm (≤4,400 ng/mL) followed by M2 in liver and kidney (≤1,360 ng/mL), and M7 and M8 in other tissues (≤124 ng/mL). Three weeks after the last dose, INX-09114 remained high in the heart and kidney (≤1,870 ng/mL), with low M2 (≤37 ng/mL) in plasma and tissues. Persistent high concentrations of INX-09114 in the heart and kidney appeared to correlate with toxicities in these tissues in monkeys.


The Central Odontogenic Fibroma (COF) is an uncommon benign odontogenic tumour occurring in the jaw which accounts for less than 10% of all odontogenic tumours. It is an odontogenic mesenchymal tumour which does not usually recur or undergo any malignant transformation. We present yet another case report to add to the existing literature.


The origins of the basic principles of international humanitarian law as we know it today date from the age of the enlightenment in Europe, from the 18th century. The relevant parts of international humanitarian law are the rules on the treatment of persons in the hand of an adverse party (detainees, population of an occupied territory) and the protection of physical manifestations of culture (cultural property). In the case of occupation, cultural property is already protected by Art. 56 of the Hague Regulations. There is a definite link between the preservation of multiculturalism in times of armed conflict and international humanitarian law. On the one hand, the effective application and implementation of international humanitarian law requires a multicultural approach being taken towards different groups and their activities and achievements. On the other hand, international humanitarian law protects that multicultural approach. Keywords: armed conflict; cultural property; international humanitarian law; multiculturalism; occupied territory


The electron-positron pair produced in polarized and non-polarized gamma quantum collisions is discussed. The theory of Dirac particles with oriented spin is used for calculating the effective cross section for pair production in collisions of two longitudinally polarized gamma quanta, considering the longitudinal polarization of the produced pair. (R.V.J.) The character of the radiation phenomena observable as the radiation quantum, neutrino, and antineutrino is considered, The energy content of the rest mass and the magnitude of the photon charge-mass are also discussed. A mathematical formulation is given for a mass and charge transfer, the radiation energy, and the radiation pulse. A uniiorm mathematical interrelationship is proposed for all radiation processes. (J.S.R.)


Ferrous(Fe)plays an important role in the biogeochemical cycle of arsenic(As). In the present research, the uptake of different As forms as affected by Fe3+ was investigate in three aquatic plants(Hydrilla verticillata, Pistia stratiotes and Eichhornia crassipes). These plants were cultured using hydroponics. Chromatography hyphenated atomic fluorescence spectrophotometry was used to determine total arsenic contents and its speciation in the culture solution and plant body. The three plants were exposed to culture solution with different As forms(As(V), As(Ⅲ)or DMA)and different Fe3+ concentrations(0~2 mg·L-1 ). The plant biomass, total As adsorption and absorption were also evaluated. The results showed that As accumulation mainly occurred via biological uptake rather than physicochemical adsorption. Total As contents in P. stratiotes and E. crassipes exposed to As(Ⅲ)and in three plants exposed to As(V)increased with the addition of Fe3+ . However, the total As contents in the three plants were not affected by Fe3+ addition at DMA treatment. Results from As speciation analysis in culture solution showed that after 10 days of incubation, As(Ⅲ)was transformed to As(V)at As(Ⅲ)treatment. As(V)concentrations in culture solution of H. verticillata or E. crassipes exposed to As(V)were decreased when high concentration of Fe3+ was added. DMA concentrations in the culture solution of E. crassipes exposed to DMA were also decreased with the addition of Fe3+ . Results from As speciation analysis in plant parts(root and shoot)showed that root As(V)and As(Ⅲ)contents in P. stratiotes, and root As(V)contents in E. crassipes increased with the addition of Fe3+ at As(Ⅲ)or As(V)treatment. At As(Ⅲ)treatment, the shoot As(Ⅲ)contents in P. stratiotes, and theshoot As(V)contents in E. crassipes increased with the addition of Fe3+ . At As(V)treatment, the shoot As(V)and As(Ⅲ)contents in H. verticillata, and the shoot As(Ⅲ)contents in P. stratiotes and E. crassipes increased with the addition of Fe3+ . At DMA treatment, the DMA contents in the roots of E. crassipes increased with the addition of Fe3+ . The DMA contents in the shoots of E. crassipes increased with the addition of high concentration of Fe3+ (2 mg·L-1 ). This work indicated that a suitable concentration of Fe3+ could increase As uptake of aquatic plants and improve the remediation efficiency of As-contaminated water.


The attention given to female criminality is marginal compared to the degree of research conducted worldwide on male criminality. Though there have been some scholarly writings concerned exclusively on this area, however, almost without exception both the research upon which they were based and the conclusions drawn have been coloured by age old myths about the nature of women in general, that is , women are passive, more emotional than men, gentler in nature and inferior to men. However, prisons for women are unlike institutions for men, and women adapt to the prison environment differently than men. So, because of these important reasons women's prison was separately studied by the researchers. The research work is based on practical observations made during the visit to the lone women jail of State of Punjab, Ludhiana. The paper is divided into four parts. It starts by highlighting the international historical development of women jails with its peculiar features. The next part of the paper will deal with generalities of gendering criminology, elaborating different theories and causes of female criminality. Observations made during the visit coupled with sociological and physiological impact on women prisoners will be discussed in third part of paper. The work will wind up suggesting other modes of punishment for women, successfully working in USA's Criminal Justice System, in lieu of imprisonment.


ON THE RADIATIVE PROCESSES ASSOCIATED WITH THE TROPICAL MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEMS The goal of this research is to improve our understanding of the spatial and temporal characteristics of the radiative budget of the tropical mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) and to explore any possible effects of radiation on the atmosphere and the evolution of the tropical MCSs. A combination of two dimensional cloud model simulations, two-stream radiative transfer model calculations, observational analyses, and comparisons with other published results are used to achieve this goal. The observational analyses of the two tropical cloud clusters show significant similarities in the internal structures of these two systems even though the large scale background environments of these cloud clusters are very different from each other. The results of the cloud model simulations for these two tropical cloud clusters using the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS) developed at Colorado State University, in general, agree well with observations. Some disagreements exist however due to uncertainties in the initial conditions and to the two dimensionality of the cloud simulations. These cloud simulations are then used to provide microphysical and thermodynamical information for the radiative transfer model. The resultant radiative calculation indicates that the tropical cloud clusters can significantly affect both the radiative budget and the radiative heatings profile of the tropical atmosphere. These radiation calculations also indicate significant spatial variability in the radiative heating associated with these tropical cloud systems. While the major effects of the tropical cloud clusters in the infrared spectrum are to decrease the net outgoing radiative energy to space and to increase the net infrared flux to


Traditionally, in robotics, artificial intelligence, and neuroscience, there has been a focus on the study of the control or the neural system itself. Recently there has been an increasing interest into the notion of embodiment not only in robotics and artificial intelligenc, but also in the neurosciences, psychology, and philosophy. In this paper, we introduce the notion of morphological computation and demonstrate how it can be exploited on the one hand for designing intelligent, adaptive robotic systems, and on the other for understanding natural systems. While embodiment has often been used in its trivial meaning, i.e. "intelligence requires a body", the concept has deeper and more important implications, concerned with the relation between physical and information (neural, control) processes. Morphological computation is about connecting body, brain and environment. A number of case studies are presented to illustrate the concept. We conclude with some speculations about potential lessons for neuroscience and robotics.


White oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus) can be used as fillers sausages mix because the physical properties of chewy like meat and high fiber content. The main raw material of sausages is meat, so that rejected layer chicken meat can be used even though it has low quality of the meat and less liked by the consumer, however, as a food ingredient it still has potential to improve the quality. Therefore, to improve the quality and preferences of the consumer, it is necessary to innovate processed into sausages with the addition of a fiber source, namely white oyster mushroom flour. This study aims to examine the use of white oyster mushroom as a source of dietary fiber in sausage processing. The research materials used were white oyster mushrooms, rejected laying hens and spices. The experiment was designed using a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 3 replications, which included: without the addition of white oyster mushroom flour P0 (0%), the addition of oyster mushroom flour at the level of P1 (5%), P2 (10%), P3 ( 15%). Data were analyzed based on analysis of variance using Statistical Analysis System (SAS–Software). The results showed that the level of white oyster mushroom flour increased the organoleptic value of color, aroma and texture significantly (P<0.05). The addition of white oyster mushroom flour was also higly significant (P<0.01) in increasing the crude fiber content of sausages. It can be concluded that cooking loss was higher in line with the level of white oyster mushroom flour. But not on the value of water holding capacity. The higher the level of white oyster mushroom flour, the higher the crude fiber of the sausage. In general, the quality of sausages meets the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 3820 - 2015), interms of normal organoleptic value.


Covid-19 outbreak, which occurred in China in December 2019, affected almost the entire world in a short time. In the past period, many sectors of the economy have contracted, resulting in high unemployment and inflation rates in many countries. Increasing expenditures of the health sector in the fight against the epidemic caused high increases in public expenditures. Most countries that have opted for borrowing and expanding the money supply to finance public expenditures have seen increases in the rate of inflation. In this study, the world's twenty largest economies are compared based on macroeconomic data and public finance indicators. In this context, three different time periods, namely before Covid-19 outbreak, the initial period of the epidemic and the period after the outbreak, were examined separately using the Hierarchical Clustering Analysis and Non-Hierarchical Clustering Analysis methods, using the K-Means method. In the findings, it was seen that the country transitions between the relevant periods were higher in the clusters obtained with macroeconomic indicators compared to the clusters obtained with the public finance indicators. Moreover, Turkey's macroeconomic, while Japan alone formed a cluster in each period in terms of public finance indicators and found that it decomposes from other countries.


The present invention provides a method and an apparatus for transmitting an HARQ feedback, wherein the method comprises: receiving the HARQ feedback sent by a first communications device, wherein the HARQ feedback is used to feed back status of data received by a second communications device from the first communications device through an HARQ process; and transmitting HARQ process information used to identify the HARQ process that transmits the data and the HARQ feedback to the second communications device so that the second communications device determines whether to retransmit the data through the HARQ process according to the HARQ feedback. The present invention implements HARQ feedback transmission across base stations.


In actuai production,we meet the design mechanisms realizing scheduled tracks frequently,making use of Pre-designde database,by means of computer,we can reallze dimension synthesis of planar linkage mechanism for scheduled tracks,it has quick speed and high precision.This paper introduces this system and key modules of it.


It is well known that alkaline earth metallic ions in aqueous solution influences to detergency.In this report, an investigation was made on the detergency of LAS to triglycerides in the presence of Ca ion. It was found that there is a concentration of Ca ion to give the maximum detergency, which increases in proportion to the concentration of LAS.Namely, there is an optimum ratio between the concentration of Ca ion and Na ion in LAS on detergency, and it is independent of the concentration of LAS.This fact suggests us that Na salt of LAS and Ca salt formed by double decomposition of a part of LAS with Ca ion in aqueous solution form a kind of complex micell, which may increase the adsorption of LAS on soil.It is considered that LAS is not only adsorbed on the surface of soil but penetrates into the soil to form a sort of liquid crystal, and that the adsorption of LAS to soil decreases the adhesive energy between soil and glass to lower the interfacial tention between soil and aqueous solution of LAS, and may improve the detergency of the system.


Solar dynamic power modules will be necessary to meet the rapidly growing power demand of future space stations. A heat pipe/heat storage receiver concept for solar dynamic energy conversion units with a Stirling engine for space stations is presented. Estimates for the heat flows between heat pipe - heat storage - Stirling heater head are described. They show that the heat transfer from and to the storage elements is adequate in all operation modes and stages of loading on the storage. The dish/Stirling technology has also a high terrestrial potential. A first heat pipe receiver was built for a terrestrial module, using an SPS V-160 Stirling engine. Test results of the performance tests of the V-160 Stirling heated by a natural gas burner and the heat pipe receiver/Stirling unit, heated by an electrical graphite heater, are presented. The V-160 Stirling showed a good part load performance and a maximum thermal to electricconversion efficiency of 26.5 % at 8.9 kWe powewr output. The heat pipe receiver performed without problems. A maximum electrical heating power of 35 kW has been applied. Dynamic system behaviour hasbeen tested with rapid changes in power input between 0 and 20 kW.


We prove that given a stress‐free elastic body there exists, for sufficiently small values of the gravitational constant, a unique static solution of the Einstein equations coupled to the equations of relativistic elasticity. The solution constructed is a small deformation of the relaxed configuration. This result yields the first proof of existence of static solutions of the Einstein equations without symmetries. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Objective: To evaluate the value of ultrasound in the diagnosis of upper limb arterial obstructive diseases. Methods:Color Doppler ultrasound was performed in 68 suspected patients with upper limb arterial obstructive diseases,and the data were analyzed. Results: There were 68 cases with ipsilateral BA blocking blood flow spectrum,32 cases with subclavian steal syndrome( SSS)performance( partial pattern 12 cases,complete pattern 40 cases). Subclavian artery,SA proximal lesions were detected in 39 cases( left 24,right 11,bilateral 4),SA distal lesions were detected in 3 cases,and arteria axillaris lesion were detected in 4 cases. The results of DSA examination of 39 cases in the degree of lesions were consistent with the results of ultrasound examination. Conclusion:Color Doppler ultrasound can clearly determine the location and extent of lesions of upper limb arterial obstructive diseases and provide an important basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment options.


T HE DIAGNOSIS of hypertension has always been bedeviled by variability in blood pressure. Many patients present to their physician with an elevated blood pressure level, which falls within the normal range after repeated observations or bed rest. Since such patients rarely have evidence of target organ damage or left ventricular hypertrophy, the concept has developed that in the evolution of hypertensive vascular disease, there is a stage of increased variability in pressure or transitory hypertension. Literature on this subject is confused, however, by the lack of a clear definition of what might constitute lability of the blood pressure. Excessive spontaneous variability, increased responsiveness to stimuli of various sorts, and transient hypertension are three concepts which have been used indiscriminately to describe labile hypertension.


8 Figure 1 Driver diagram Abstract 8 Figure 2 Ishikawa fishbone diagram Abstracts8 Figure 2 Ishikawa fishbone diagram Abstracts A8 BMJ Open Quality 2021;10(Suppl 2):A1–A33 on M arch 1, 2022 by gest. P rocted by coright. ht://bm jopeuality.bm jcom / B M J O en Q ual: frst pulished as 10136/bm joq021-IH I.8 on 7 N ovem er 221. D ow nladed fom Conclusions Increase in the capacity for ASCT by decreasing the LOS by change of IP Conditioning Chemotherapy to OP setting is possible and feasible in QI framework. 9 USING THE QI ESSENTIALS TOOLKIT TO ASSESS RISK, DRIVE AND SUSTAIN IMPROVEMENT IN MEDICATION SAFETY Mouna Ayoub Bahsoun, Anya Neidig. Intermountain Primary Children's Hospital 10.1136/bmjoq-2021-IHI.9 Background Barcode-assisted medication administration (BCMA) is an evidence based practice to reduce medication administration errors; however, compliance rates with the use of this technology sometimes vary between different healthcare workers. Improving BCMA compliance benefits healthcare organizations in their efforts towards Zero Harm. Objectives Achieve less than 2% BCMA overrides at a pediatric hospital, within a 12 months' timeframe. Methods To improve BCMA adherence across all disciplines, the IHI's QI Essentials Toolkit was used to guide an Abstract 8 Figure 3 Pareto chart Abstract 8 Figure 4 LOS for ASCT for NHL patients – I Chart8 Figure 4 LOS for ASCT for NHL patients – I Chart Abstract 8 Figure 5 LOS for ASCT for NHL patients after OP BEAM Change – I Chart8 Figure 5 LOS for ASCT for NHL patients after OP BEAM Change – I Chart Abstract 9 Figure 1 Hospital-wide medication overrides Abstracts9 Figure 1 Hospital-wide medication overrides Abstracts BMJ Open Quality 2021;10(Suppl 2):A1–A33 A9 on M arch 1, 2022 by gest. P rocted by coright. ht://bm jopeuality.bm jcom / B M J O en Q ual: frst pulished as 10136/bm joq021-IH I.8 on 7 N ovem er 221. D ow nladed fom


This paper presents refined versions of the well known Kolmogorov maximal inequality for the binomial distribution. Mathematics Subject Classification (2020). Primary: 60F10; Secondary: 60F15


The larvae of the Japanese commercial octopod, Octopus (Octopus) vulgare CUVIER, were successfully reared from the swimming larvae just after hatching to the benthic young octopus in 33 to 40 days on a diet of the zoea larvae of the shrimp, Palaemon serrifer. The rearing experiments were carried out at the Hyogo Prefectural Fisheries Experimental Station from June to September, 1962. At a start of experiments 200 individuals of the octopus larvae were kept in a glass vessel containing about 8 litre of sea-water. During the early 20 days period the sea-water of each vessel was aerated and renewed every 3rd or 4th day, and after this period the method was changed for the use of running water. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1) From just after hatching, the larvae of the octopus were fed on the larvae of Palaemon of 2 to 4mm body-length. (See Table 1) After transforming into benthic stage, they were given a small piece of ovaries, testes and hepatic glands of the crab, Charybdis japonica. Three or four days after transforming, they were fed on small shrimps and young crabs, Gaetice depressus (DE HAAN) of 5 to 7mm carapace-width. It was observed that the young octopus of 30mm total-length ate 4 or 5 young crabs in a day. 2) The survival rate of the octopus larvae was found as low as 9 percent through the free-swimming stage. However, it would be conceivably possible to raise this survival rate much higher if sufficient food supply is secured during the rearing experiments. 3) The growth of the octopus larvae in 90 days after hatching at water temperature 24.7°C (23.0-26.7°C) can be seen in Table 4 and Fig. 1. It was found that the larvae settled on the bottom 33 to 40 days after hatching, when they attained a size ranging 10-15mm in total-length (3.8-5.7mm in body-length). Once the swimming larvae transformed into the benthic young octopus, they became nocternal and fed on foods mainly at night. A considerable mortality occurred among the young octopus, which was caused by cannibalism and creeping out of the rearing water. 4) The numbers of suckers found on each arm were 3 at the hatching, 5 (4-6) at 10 days, 9 (6-12) at 20 days, 19 (16-22) at 30 days, 24 (21-27) at 40 days and 22-23 when a majority of octopus larvae grew to the benthic stage.


A chronic stroke survivor with moderate expressive aphasia and semantic and phonological impairments received Semantic Feature Analysis (SFA) treatment in accordance with Kiran and Thompson (2003). However, unlike Kiran and Thompson's results, the participant made gains in the treated atypical category without generalization to the untreated typical category. This result concurred with that of Stanczak et. al. (2006). Stanczak et. al. showed that their patient with semantic and phonological deficits had difficulty generalizing to typical items, secondary to the phonological deficits. Therefore, presently, the participant is receiving additional phonological treatment for lexical retrieval. Results will be analyzed and discussed.


Influenza viruses with truncated NS1 protein stimulate a more intensive innate immune response compared to their wild type counterparts. Here, we investigate how the shortening of the NS1 protein influence the immunogenicity of the conserved T-cellular epitopes of influenza virus. Using flow cytometry, we showed that the intraperitoneal immunization of mice with influenza virus encoding 124 N-terminal amino acid residues of the NS1 protein (A/PR8/NS124) induced higher levels of CD8+ T-cells recognizing immunodominant (NP366-374) and sub-immunodominant (NP161-175, NP196-210, HA323-337, HA474-483, NA427-433) epitopes compared to immunization with the virus expressing full-length NS1 (A/PR8/full NS). It is noteworthy that the response to the immunodominant influenza epitope NP366-374 was achieved with the lower immunization dose of A/PR8/NS124 virus compared to the reference wild type strain. Despite the fact that polyfunctional CD8+ effector memory T-lymphocytes simultaneously producing two (IFNγ and TNFα) or three (IFNγ, IL2, and TNFα) cytokines prevailed in the immune response to both viruses, the relative number of such T-cells was higher in A/PR8/NS124-immunized mice. Furthermore, we have found that polyfunctional populations of lymphocytes generated upon the immunization of mice with the mutant virus demonstrated an increased capacity to produce IFNγ compared to the corresponding populations derived from the A/PR8/full NS-immunized mice. Therefore, immunization with the attenuated influenza virus encoding truncated NS1 protein ensures a more potent CD8+ T-cell immune response.


The Mirror Interface is a novel interactive communication system that provides users with a virtual shared space using realtime video and ubiquitous information. The shared space, displayed using the metaphor of a mirror, provides users with an interactive environment where they can communicate with each other seamlessly across the border between real and virtual as well as the border between local and remote, enabling natural non-verbal communication. Icons of real objects and accessible information are also displayed and can be manipulated by "virtual touch". This article introduces the system and describes its implementation. Mirror Interface—An Interactive Communication System Utilizing the Metaphor of a Mirror Special Feature † NTT Microsystem Integration Laboratories Atsugi-shi, 243-0198 Japan E-mail: email@example.com


Fixation is the critical step in processing tissues. Following tissue removal from the body, autolysis begins and proceeds more or less quickly depending on many factors, including the level of enzymes or microorganism present in the tissue. We studied effect of five different types of fixatives. An essential part of all histological and cytological techniques is preservation of cells and tissues as they naturally occur. The aim of the current study is to see the effect of following fixatives namely 10% formalin, Buffered 10% formalin, Bouin's fluid, Zenker's fluid, Carnoy's fluid on liver tissues and to observe the optimum result in a particular fixative in H&E sections. There is no single fixative which can be considered as best fixative for all purposes. Best fixatives for architectural preservation are Carnoy's fluid and Zenker's fluid. Best fixative for study of nuclear details is Bouin's fluid.


The present research aims to study the process of immobilization of lipase from Burkholderia cepacia by physical adsorption on graphene oxide derived (GO) from grape seed biochar. Additionally, the modified Hummers method was used to obtain the graphene oxide. Moreover, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectrum, X-ray diffraction, and point of zero charge were used for the characterization of the GO. The influences of pH, temperature, enzyme/support concentration on the catalytic activity were evaluated for the immobilized biocatalyst. The best immobilization was found (543 ± 5 U/g of support) in the pH 4.0. Considering the biochemical properties, the optimal pH and temperature were 3.0 and 50 °C, respectively, for the immobilized biocatalyst. Reusability studies exhibited that the immobilized lipase well kept 60% of its original activity after 5 cycles of reuse. Overall, these results showed the high potential of graphene oxide obtained from biochar in immobilization lipase, especially the application of nanobiocatalysts on an industrial scale.


In this paper a process for how to perform aeroelastic tailoring of a sailplane wing is described. The analysis was carried out with the aid of a Finite Element solver and the aerodynamic loads wer ...


IT IS indeed a great pleasure to be in the midst of a gathering of this nature comprising academicians from universities, researchers from various organisations, representatives of trade and industry and officials from various Ministries. A gathering of this kin.d would stimulate lively discussions and interaction of ideas. Most of the participants, I observe, are from outside the Government. This, I expect, would bring forth fresh and new approaches to deal with issues before UNCTAD-VI. This would assist us in the Government greatly while considering the various policy options.


A series of 2, 2'-(5-nitrobenzene-1, 3-diyl) bis (5-alkyl-1, 3, 4-oxadiazole) (2a-e) 5,5'-(5-
nitrobenzene-1,3-diyl)bis(1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiol) (3) and 5,5'-(5-nitrobenzene-1,3-diyl)bis(4-
amino-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol(5) were obtained via reaction of 5-nitro iso-phthalic dihydrazide
(1). All these newly synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, NMR and Mass, spectral
studies. Newly synthesized compound displayed potent antibacterial and antinociceptive activity.


ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to decompose racial disparity in juvenile justice decision-making into a part explained by differing characteristics of racial groups, and an unexplained part often attributed to discrimination. Individual case-level data from Alabama and logistic regression were used to model detention, petition, and disposition decisions in the juvenile justice system. Decomposition of racial disparity between white and black juveniles using the nonlinear Blinder-Oaxaca methodology suggested that about a half to three fourths of the racial gaps in the three juvenile justice decision points were caused either by discrimination or unobserved predictors. Decomposition of racial disparity in juvenile justice can help devise effective public policy by quantifying the extent to which specific policies can reduce disproportionate minority contact.


Introduction D.Clarke Female Authority and Authorisation Strategies in Early Modern Europe J.Stevenson 'In a Mirrour Clere': Protestantism and Politics in Anne Lok's Miserere mei Deus R.Smith Old Wives' Tales Retold: The Mutations of the Fairy Queen D.Purkiss Giving Time to Women: The Eternizing Project in Early Modern England A.Boesky The 'Double Voice' of Renaissance Equity and the Literary Voices of Women L.Hutson The Voices of Anne Cooke, Lady Anne, and Lady Bacon A.Stewart 'Formed into Words by Your Divided Lips': Women, Rhetoric and the Ovidian Tradition D.Clarke 'For Worth, Not Weakness, Makes in Use but One': Literary Dialogues in an English Renaissance Family M.Wynne-Davies 'Whom the Lord with Love Affecteth': Gender and the Religious Poet, 1590-1633 H.Wilcox Ejaculation or Virgin Birth? The Gendering of the Religious Lyric in the Interregnum E.Clarke Unfettered Organs: The Polemic Voices of Katherine Philips J.Loxley A Voice for Hermaphroditical Education F.Teague Index


The structure and evolution characteristics of hydrocarbon generation material is an important problem for the study on petroleum geochemistry. With the occurrence of new analysis method, the component and structure study of hydrocarbon generation material has been made large development which is froming the element to functional groups analysis. The solid state 13 C NMR spectroscopy gives the content of different functional groups, further, the every kind of structure parameters can be calculated. The structure information has been made a new analysis from the angle of the evaluation of source rocks, the hydrocarbon generation evolution and mechanism of source rocks, and the maturity indicators of source rocks, etc. It has been calculated that the aliphatic carbon is the major contributor of oil and gas, the content of oil and gas potential carbon determinated the hydrocarbon generation potential of source rocks, and the average aromatic cluster size is an effective and recommendable evolution indicator. The solid state 13 C NMR techiniques open a new field for the study on petroleum geochemistry.


As symbolized by SHINKANSEN, the developments of traction motors for traction vehicles in JNR are remarkable. They depend chiefly on the unique studies of thermal characteristics and commutation problems of the traction motors, which have been performed in RTRI JNR, and considerations of the adoption of these results and several new techologies for the motors, which have been made in RSDO JNR. In this report, the developments of traction motors are described.


Tet on gene expression system was used to regulate the level and time of thrombopoietin (TPO) expression by doxycycline in NIH/3T3 cells.pTet On was transfected into NIH/3T3 cells,in which cells resistant to G418 were cloned and named as NIH/3T3 Tet On.pTRE/TPO and pTK Hyg were cotransfected into NIH/3T3 Tet On cells,in which cells resistant to hygromycin were cloned and named as NIH/3T3 Tet On TPO.TPO expression was examined in the absence or in 2 mg/L of doxycycline,at different concentrations of doxycline,and in the time course after exposure to doxycycline,by means of RT PCR,Western blot and ELISA.The result showed that there was no significant TPO expression in the absence of doxycycline,and the basal level was only 0.1 μg/L.After exposure to 2 mg/L doxycycline,TPO expression was greatly increased,and the peak level reached 10.8 μg/L.TPO expression was affected by the concentration of doxycycline in the cell culture.The more doxycycline,the higher the TPO expression.TPO expression was also affected by the time course of doxycycline in the cell culture,it was greatly increased after 6 hours.The longer of the culture time,the higher the TPO expression,until it achieved peak value at the end of 24 hours.Meanwhile,the inducible effect was also reversible.Tet On gene expression system is a ready access to the tight regulated and high level gene expression system.It is likely to provide a safe and regulatable way for TPO gene therapy.


This paper uses a common method for policy evaluations – difference-in- difference – to properly analyze Sweden's first amortization requirement that came into effect in the Summer of 2016. The aim of the thesis is to evaluate if the policy had any effect on house prices by comparing regional groups against each other. The results show that there is a significant difference between the treatment group and the control group after the policy was implemented. The municipalities in the treatment group experienced a larger increase in prices in 2016 and a larger decrease in prices in 2018 compared to the control group, and therefore compared to a scenario in which the policy had not been implemented.


To investiage the effects of leaf removal on yield and yield components of sunflower, var. alestar an experiment was conducted in green house of University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources in randomized complete design in 2004. with three replication. The lef removal was done at the stage of 3.1(ones of head). The treatments at four level were: control ( without leaf removal) removal of half of two leaves immediately below head , removal of full two leaves immediately below head and removal of all leaves of 20 cm of stem below head. The measured characteristics were : the number of seed in each head, head diameter, weight of one thousand seeds and grain yield. Results showed that the removal of half of two leaves immediately under head didn't effect the seed number per head but it effected on the head diameter, weight of thousand seeds and grain yield. The leaf removal in 20cm of stem below head had the least value of measured characteristics, that shows the removal of middle leaves on stem play an important role in seed filling and photosynthesis.


Working Duration and environment of the wear parts in ball mill were analyzed. Requirements for properties of the materials were provided. Key considerations on selection of microstructure, composition and abrasion resistant materials were recommended.


Abstract Contact tracing can be defined as the identification and the monitoring of each person who has been in contact with an infected person. However, the effectiveness of manual contact tracing is hindered by low responsiveness, limited data processing, respondent omissions or the inability to identify individuals in a crowd. Faced with these limitations, research on digital contact tracing has been carried out. Digital contact tracing, especially smartphone contact tracing apps, has progressively appeared as a solution to slow the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Such a technological solution allows to track, in real-time, a massive number of (potentially) infected individuals within a given population. Despite high acceptability rates among the population and positive evaluations regarding its effectiveness, the implementation of these digital tracing applications has raised many technological and political questions. By conducting a thematic analysis, this research identifies the technological and policy issues with regard to digital tracing in three European countries.