Along with the understanding pattern for "the anthropological philosophy" of Marxist philosophy,an important question arises as to the ontological basis for the Marxist philosophy of anthropology.Without the answer,the anthropological philosophy would not work.The answer is actually that its ontological basis lies with the social existence of man,including the natural and relational existences of man.This article starts with the topic of existence,discussing the social,natural,and relational existences of man,which are the ontological basis for the Marxist anthropological philosophy.In other words,the basis for the Marxist anthropological philosophy is actually the social existence of man——the existence of man in production and productive relations,and the existence of man in the total social relationship,rather than the "material",nor "practice" or "social existence".


The present paper is a re-evaluation of historian TAO Xi-sheng and his journal Shihuo Bimonthly, that, inspired by the textual criticism of historical studies in the late 1920s and early 1930s in Beijing, inaugurated modern China's socio-economic study based on a fresh perspective and an emphasis on textual research of historical documents. The methodology, however, was ignored in the historical coterie for the past decades.


The Gurbantunggut Sandy Desert is located at the transitional belt between Central Asia and Middle Asia. Though its climate is characterized by aridness with scarce precipitation, intense evapotranspiration, windy, strong sunshine and severe variation of temperature, and is a kind of continental desert climate, yet, because of the rather evenness of seasonal distribution of precipitation, with certain amount of rain and snow falling in winter and spring, its vegetation is relatively luxuriant. Most parts of the deserts are fixed or semi\|fixed. The characteristic features of plant diversity of Gurbantunggut Sandy Desert may be summarized as follows: (1) The species richness is relatively high. Compared with other sandy deserts of Central Asia (Takilmakan, Qaidam, Alxa), the flora of Gurbantunggut is more rich than others. There has been collected and identified 208 species of higher plants in Gurbantunggut. Among them, Chenopodiaceae (53 species), Cruciferae (22 species) and Compositae (20 species) are the three most dominant families. (2) The floral\|geographical elements are diverse. According to studies by predecessors, the geographical elements of the flora of Gurbantunggut Sandy Desert consist of Central\|Asian element, Middle\|Asian element, Mediterranean element, North\|Eastern African\|Central Asian element and Euro\|Asian element, so it has transitional character, though, that of Middle\|Asian is more abundant. (3) The endemism of this sandy desert is weak. Nevertheless, there are many plant species which distribute only in Gurbantunggut Sandy Desert within the territory of China. (4) The species of Chenopodiaeceae possesses obvious dominant position in the composition of plant diversity. There are 24 genera and 53 species of Chenopodiaeceae, which account for 19 5% and 25 5% respectively of the floral total of this sandy desert and much higher than that of the rest dominant families such as Cruciferae, Compositae, Leguminosae and Gramineae. Not only the species composition, their role in plant communities are also outstanding. Large areas are occupied by plant communities with edificators from Chenopodiaceae, such as Haloxylon persicum, H.ammodendron, Ceratoides latens, Salsola arbuscula, Anabasis brevifolia, A.aphylla and others. (5) The ecotypes mainly consist of xerophytes. (6) The life forms are diverse. 11 categories of plant life forms have been found in Gurbantunggut Sandy Desert. Among them, the dominant ones are ephemerals (55 species), annuals with long period of nourishment (42 species). This two categories come to 97 species, accounting for 47% of the total. Next are plants with axial roots (38), shrubs (29) and nanoshrubs (16). (7) Annuals with long period of nourishment make up relatively large proportion, as mentioned above. (8) Ephemerals and ephemeroides obtain certain development. There are 66 species of ephemerals and 11 species of ephemeroides. Both of them are short\|living plants and mainly grow on sandy soils. (9) Types of plant communities are rich. Compared with other deserts of Central Asia, the plant communities of Gurbantunggut are richer. 18 communities have been recorded. Owing to the overgrazing (many sites of the desert, especially along its border, are livestocks wintering places) and over\|collecting and digging of fuels, as well as economic plants, the plant diversity of Gurbantunggut has been severely damaged. It is urgent at present time to adopt measures to protect its plant diversity, and for some endangered species, even to rescue them.


The calibration curve was established using certified reference materials of magnesium alloy.The matrix effect was corrected by experience coefficient method.The determination of Al,Si,Fe,Ni,Cu and Zn in magnesium alloys by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry was realized.The optimal instrumental analysis parameters were obtained.The matrix effect was corrected by the mathematical model in instrumental software.The precision test indicated that,the relative standard deviations(RSD,n=10) of testing elements were also less than 2.5 %,which could meet the detection requirements of elements in magnesium alloy.The proposed method was applied to the analysis of certified reference materials of magnesium alloy.The found results were in good agreement with the certified values.


Our aim was to describe trends in the prescription of domperidone for insufficient lactation in England, the characteristics of women prescribed it postpartum, and the impact of a 2014 European Medicines Agency (EMA) recommendation to restrict its use due to a potential increased risk of sudden cardiac death associated with its use.


The drift behavior and long term stability of an ultra high resolution paramagnetic salt thermometer which operates in the vicinity of the lambda transition of 4He have been studied. Various sources contributing to the total drift are analyzed, and new designs are discussed.


Multimedia data bases are changing the conception of research in human and social sciences. It also modifies publications to be expected from research. The goal is to explain how web-based theses or research papers are to expected in the near future. The goal is finally to define how to define in a such a digital environment "thinking" and "writing". Some answers are already available.


Adolescence is a period marked by many biopsychosocial changes in an individual's life. In this sense, high school brings a strong emotional charge, as the teenager needs to prepare himself to think about his career, in addition to his personal dilemmas. Thus, the present study sought to understand what has been produced on the themes emotional expressiveness and emotional regulation in high school students. For this, it carried out a systematic review in four databases (PubMed, PepSic, SciELO and Lilacs), including articles published between 2011 and 2021. Initially, 3,723 articles were selected, which after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria were reduced to two. The results obtained here reveal that there are very few investigations into emotional expressiveness and emotional regulation in the country. However, both are clear about the positive effects of interventions with adolescents that included identification, understanding and naming of emotions, which are part of the emotional regulation skill. The first article demonstrates that these procedures were able to replace the violent response through the use of cultural objects of expression such as audiovisual and theater. In the second, the process of emotional regulation helped adolescents to build vital projects and to develop feelings that went beyond personal interests and included the concern and well-being of others. The relevance of the studies confirms the need to carry out national research in order to produce more knowledge in the area and support interventions for the socio-emotional development of adolescents.Keywords: Emotional expressiveness, emotion regulation, adolescents, high school, students


The invention provides a method for synthesizing a positive electrode material of a nano-level iron, lithium and manganese phosphate battery (Li(FeyMn1-y)XzPO4/C) which is high in energy density, is provided with a high-discharge-voltage platform and is excellent in conductivity by combining a sol-gel method with a microwave drying method. The method comprises the following steps of a, adding a lithium source, an iron source, a manganese source and metal X salt into ethyl alcohol to prepare sol A; b, adding citric acid into a phosphorus source-containing ethyl alcohol aqueous solution, and adding a carbon source into the phosphorus source-containing ethyl alcohol aqueous solution to obtain a solution B, wherein the carbon source added into the solution B contains 1-5 percent of carbon elements by mass; c, mixing and heating the sol A and the solution B, and adjusting the pH to form gel C; d, performing microwave drying on the gel C to obtain a precursor; e, preparing powder from the precursor, and pre-burning, sintering and screening the powder under protection gas to obtain the positive electrode material of the iron, lithium and manganese phosphate battery.


The details presented belovv on the history of the Gutians and their language have been gleaned from the lectures of my former professor, the late B. Landsberger and are in particular inspired by a communication he presented at the Second Congress of Turkish History. This communica tion of Landsberger has, in contrast to his other publications, hardly evoked the interest of scientific circles. It may be said that, vvith a fevv exception, it has not been referred to in Turkish publications either. This may be due to the fact that the communication in question is of an early date (1937) and that it is diflicult to fınd the original German version of it anyvvhere. It should be noted here that in the present article the reading of some of the vvords had to be modified.


The utility model relates to the field of cooling devices, in particular to a multi-channel cooling device which is suitable for cooling furnace slag in a boiler and large granule urea. The multi-channel cooling device comprises a supporting stand, wherein a main barrel is mounted on the supporting stand, a hollow cavity is arranged in the main barrel, a plurality of cooling tubes are mounted in the main barrel, spiral plates and throwing plates are mounted in the cooling tubes, and the throwing plates are arranged in the spiral plates, one end of the main barrel is equipped with a material distributor case, a feed barrel is mounted on the material distributor case, a water inlet pipe is mounted in the material distributor case, the water inlet pipe is communicated with the hollow cavity, the other end of the main barrel is equipped with a material collecting box, a discharge barrel is mounted on the material collecting box, a water outlet is mounted in the material collecting box, one end of the water outlet pipe is communicated with the hollow cavity, and the cooling barrel is respectively communicated with the material distributor case and the material collecting box. The utility model has the advantages of big heat exchange area, low manufacture cost and operation cost, which is not easy to plug a cooling channel, is not easy to damage, and can improve working environment and the like.


Sex work has often been analyzed in terms of labor rights, but this approach captures little of what becomes of women's bodies, their desires, and their experiences of class and gender through regular participation in commercial sex. I argue that women in Hyderabad, South India, understand themselves to be bodily transformed by the "hot" substances and pleasures that pervade sex work. Sex work can create dangers, but in contrast to other forms of work available to nonelite women in South India, the freedoms and pleasures made possible through sex work belie transnational attempts to construe this work as "modern-day slavery." Women describe themselves as "stuck" to sex work not through the force of others but through an acquired material affinity for the work itself. An understanding of the bodily habit of sex work indicates that for those who "have the habit," sex work in India should be understood in ontological terms of making persons.


Having in view the requirements of the EU Water Framework Directive it is necessary to plan future measures for water protection, taking into account the origin and the reduction potential for the hazardous substances of concern. As part of the investigations, elimination tests according to DIN EN ISO 11733 were conducted. A special focus was directed to simulate conditions in the laboratory, reflecting the fate of hazardous substances during the full scale wastewater treatment. The focus of the investigation was put on industrial substances, hormone active substances, pharmaceuticals, volatile halogenated hydrocarbons, cyanides, and organotin substances.


Higher education institutions have adopted the online, blended, as well as the student-centered teaching pedagogies in recent years. This study investigated how to improve the teaching of a programming module online, by introducing an intervention. An exploratory study was conducted, where a discussion forum was used to engage with undergraduate students registered for a programming module. The students were requested to list the programming aspects that they struggled to understand on the module. Custom study content was developed to focus and expand on the topics suggested by students. The compiled study content was in the form of scenario-based discussions of each concept. This research followed a qualitative case study with observations and content analysis methods to collect and analyse the data. The intervention showed some merit because the student pass rate significantly improved after the implementation of the intervention.


The investigation conducted on 442 engineering college students reveals the following findings.Their vocational interests are more apt to the Social,Enterprising and Investigative,which deviates from the profes-sional development requirements to some degree.Their occupational interest types showed statistically signifi-cant difference in genders,specialties and areas,and no significant difference in grades.


This paper studied the spray dying technology of ethylparaben microencapsulation.The result showed that the wall materials and their suitable proportion was Arabic gum 25%,Aperture starch 25%,and corn syrup 50%.The suitable proportion of core material and wall material was 55:45.Condition of spray dying:feed temperature was 55~60℃,feed flow rate was 150ml/min,temperature of entering air was 180~190℃,and the temperature of outing air was 90℃.


The COVID-19 pandemic has re-emphasized distance learning. It became a powerful impetus for the transition from theoretical considerations to the practical implementation of such training in the school system (Strategy New Growth Model - New Social Policy, 2020). This article describes the experience of organizing such training for children in the 4th quarter of the 2019/2020 academic year. It considers all stages of implementation of distance learning, such as solution of legal issues regulating the activities of an educational institution; effective construction of the educational process, considering the important relationship "student-teacher"; the right choice of information technology that meets the capabilities and limited skills of students, and has a user-friendly interface. The experience of distance collaboration between a teacher, a student and his parents is also presented, which made it possible to build effective teaching and achieve a high-quality education.


The effects of doping on the electronic evolution of the Mott insulating state have been extensively studied in efforts to understand mechanisms of emergent quantum phases of materials. The study of these effects becomes ever more intriguing in the presence of entanglement between spin and orbital degrees of freedom. Here, we present a comprehensive investigation of charge doping in the double perovskite Ba$_2$NaOsO$_6$, a a complex Mott insulator where such entanglement plays an important role. We establish that the insulating magnetic ground state evolves from canted antiferromagnet (cAF)to N\'eel order for dopant levels exceeding ~ 10 %. Furthermore, we determine that a broken local point symmetry (BLPS) phase, precursor to the magnetically ordered state, occupies an extended portion of the (H-T) phase diagram with increased doping. This finding reveals that the breaking of the local cubic symmetry is driven by a multipolar order, most-likely of the antiferro-quadrupolar type.


The current research aims to detect Effect of Collaborative Style (within groups/ between groups) in Learning Environment on Developing Expressive performance among Instructional Technology Students to employ it in the instructional process and benefit from its advantages. Experimental processing material is represented in an e-learning environment (Edmodo); Expressive performance skills are displayed through it The research sample consisted of 60 learners of the third year students / Department of Education Technology / Faculty of Specific Education / Minia University They were divided into two groups, each group consisted of (30 learners), the (first experimental group) learns through (the Collaborative Style within groups), and (the second experimental group) learns through (Collaborative Style between groups). The research tool was Expressive performance analysis Form . The results indicated that " There is no statistically significant difference at the level (0.01) between the average grades of students of the first experimental group (within groups Style) and the second experimental group (between groups Style) in the Expressive performance analysis Form".


The article is devoted to a very important problem of contemporary society, the problem of searching for efficient methods of health improving psycho-technologies of a university teacher's personality. The article contains the empirical research results of developing the key constituents of teachers' social competence as an integrated personal construct, representing the system of knowledge about society, capabilities and skills of behavior accepted in society. The conclusions have been drawn that the component of a person's psychological resilience can serve as a psychological quality providing a university teacher's personality's mental and physical health. Besides, a health improving orientation of a teacher's personality has been identified that comprises the components of one's own health, the needs in self-cognition, self-development, self-improvement of individual health as a condition of effective self-realization in the field of pedagogical activity. A social and psychological training course has been offered as the most effective method of health improving psycho-technologies of a university teacher's personality (developed for a target group of people). The materials of the article can be useful to teachers, psychologists as well as executives of educational institutions of higher and secondary vocational education.


Objective To establish and preserve the immortal lymphoblastoid cell lines of the Baiku Yao population in china. Methods The way of cyclosporin A in establishing Epstain Barr virus transformed human lymphoblastoid cell lines has been used. Results The bank contains 44 immortal cell lines of the Baiku Yao was established. All the blood donors are healthy and free of intermarriage with other nationalities or different nationality branches for 3 generations. Conclusions The immortalized cell bank would preserved the unique genome of the Baiku Yao, and is an important part of the origin, progression and human genetic diversity of different nationalities.[


The HL-2A LHCD transmission characteristic measurement with low power and high power were respectively carried out in 2006 and 2008.The result is shown as follows: the transmission rate was 94.05% and the maximum phase difference between the four spur tracks was 11.09° at the low power,the transmission rate was 76%~95% at the high power.In addition,the transmission rate decreased obviously with power when the total power increased up to 230kW.


Nowadays, software triage systems (STS) like Bugzilla are an impartible tool for huge projects -especially open sourcelike Open Office, Mozilla Firefox, Eclipse, Android, and so on. The main task of STS is to help the development team for the maintenance phase and get end-user requests like bug reports and suggestions and deal with them. There exist many important tasks for software triage systems like prioritizing bug reports, detecting duplicates, assigning bug reports to developers, track the status of bug reports until they can be fixed [1]. Every bug report consists of various data fields (DF) which can be categorized as follows:


This paper reports on the numerical comparison for the prediction of wind flow structure under thermal atmospheric conditions between a steady state Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) model (the standard k-e) and a large eddy simulation (LES) technique with dynamic Smargorinsky-Lilly subgrid-scale (SGS) model against the previous experimental wind tunnel data. Two cases of thermal conditions are investigated, one for a different Fr number with leeward heated wall (isothermal, Fr=17.29, Fr=7.59) and another for a different location of heated wall (windward). The results of the numerical simulation indicate that the LES performs better than RANS by accurately predict the wind flow structure at different thermal intensites and different locations of


Abstract. The number of teenage abortions increased sharply in the early 1970s but gradually decreased from 1975, in absolute numbers as well as in relation to population figures. Teenage abortions now constitute 15% of the total number of abortions. However, the percentage of teenage pregnancies that are terminated by legal abortion is constantly increasing. As the preservation of childbearing function is of paramount importance in teenagers, a low complication rate is essential. Complications occurred in 7% of the cases studied, and the effects of complications of legal abortion on the later obstetric history are discussed. In 14% of the cases a second pregnancy was also terminated artificially. The repeat abortion rate is discussed, with special reference to the contraceptive method used.


Valentina Croci went to discuss with Cecilia Bolognesi, architect and lecturer at the Faculty of Architecture at Milan Bovisa, her new book on her home city: Design City Milan. Lusciously illustrated with new photography by Matteo Piazza, Design City Milan conveys a rich and vital visual portrait of the city. As Croci found out, while combining beautiful photography and graphic design, it also conveys a thoughtful and analytical account of the recent urban development of the metropolis through its interior spaces. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Bluetest has developed a test system that combines a Compact Antenna Test Range (CATR) with a Reverberation Chamber (RC). This provides a Line-Of-Sight (LoS) test environment together with a Rich Isotropic Multipath (RIMP) test environment simultaneously. This paper outlines the engineering approaches that have been used to make this work.


The issue of land intensification impacts on Below- Ground BioDiversity (BGBD) erosion is often addressed by linking soil micro-, meso- and m acro-fauna quantity with land cover. However, it is also possible to adopt a deductive a pproach by drawing the geography and the dynamics of farming practices - related to Soil Org anic Matter (SOM) management - with a direct bearing on BGBD. This integrative approach i s based on an analysis of the socioeconomics of land cover, e.g. determinants of farmi ng practices. It helps building scenarii on future evolution of soil fertility. This paper presents the outcomes of two fieldworks in the Taita Hills and their surrounding semi-arid plains, South-East Kenya. Small-scale far mers adopt various strategies to cope with increasing land scarcity. Some strategies are particularly outstanding, e.g. the intensification of the farming practices in the mor e humid highlands or the agrarian colonisation of the semi-arid foothills and lowland s. This study required a multidisciplinary and systemi c approach. Based on an extensive data collection on a 52 square km area, in-depth intervi ews and fool-proofing process, involving 150 farmers and key informants, eleven farming syst ems were identified. The farming systems segmentation relies on (i) combination of cash and home-consumption productio n (horticulture, dairy, coffee beans, maize, beans, a nd extensive livestock), (ii) farm acreage, (iii) livestock, (iv) labour force and (v) possible casu al labour. It was hence possible to link the localisation of each farming system with the id entified farm trajectories: highland valley bottom, rainfed highland and midland, foothills and lowlands. Furthermore, main SOM management practices were identified in each system , such as organic and inorganic fertiliser application, mulching, composting, fallow rotation, etc. Areas where SOM was decreasing and BGBD could be severely reduced were eventually located.


of delirium. J Psychosom Res 2008;65:299–307. 7. van Eijk MM, Roes KC, Honing ML et al. Effect of rivastigmine as an adjunct to usual care with haloperidol on duration of delirium and mortality in critically ill patients: A multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomised trial. Lancet 2010;376:1829–1837. 8. McManus J, Pathansali R, Stewart R et al. Delirium post-stroke. Age Ageing 2007;36:613–618. 9. Mizuno T, Kimura F. Medial septal injection of naloxone elevates acetylcholine release in the hippocampus and induces behavioral seizures in rats. Brain Res 1996;713:1–7. 10. Hirose N, Murakawa K, Takada K et al. Interactions among muand delta-opioid receptors, especially putative delta1and delta2-opioid receptors, promote dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens. Neuroscience 2005;135:213–225.


This report is an update of Life Cycle Inventory of Portland Cement Manufacture published in 2002. The purpose of this update is to incorporate the most recent energy use data from the Portland Cement Association's annual U.S. and Canadian Labor-Energy Input Survey. The results of the latest U.S. Environmental R&D Project Questionnaire also are included. This is a significant update because it includes high quality data on water usage, fuel and raw material consumption, and transportation modes and distances. The goal is to present the most accurate data on the inputs and emissions related to manufacturing portland cement. The LCI of portland cement is the basis of the LCI of concrete, concrete products, and concrete structures. These LCIs are used in turn to conduct life cycle assessments of concrete structures and other structures containing concrete.


Asystematic separation of ~(90)Sr, ~(137)Cs and ~(144)Ce is described. At first cesium is absorbed from solution with AMP. Then cerium and yttrium are separated respectivelyby HDEHP-Kel-F chromatograph column. This procedure has been applied satisfactorily to analyses for ~(90)Sr, ~(137)Cs and ~(144)Ce in more than 40 kinds of morine foods as weel as in a number of accidental samples. Chemical yields of Sr, Cs and Ce were more than 80%. Decotamination factors for main long-lived radionuclides (~(95)Zr-~(95)Nb, ~(106)Ru, ~(59)Fe, ~(147)pm, ~(152,154)Eu, ~(40)K and so forth) are greater than 103.


AbstractChanges are realized as the most common issues during the life cycle of any construction project which may have significant effects on project objectives. Developing a proactive change-management system may decrease the adverse effect of changes on project objectives. This paper proposes a major component of proactive change-management system; it is a framework for predicting and tracing change-formation scenarios (CFSs) in construction projects. In this study, first, change-formation phase is subdivided into change-formation paths (CFPs), by decomposing it to the interrelated change-formation components (CFCs). Then, the Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) technique is used for analyzing the CFPs. The DEMATEL is a method that uses graph theory and matrix tools for system analysis. As results of the analysis, the relative importance of the CFCs, and the likelihood of occurrences and the traceability of the CFSs are estimated. Eventually, a real construction project as a pract...


Background: Cardiovascular diseases and, primarily coronary heart disease, remain among the leading causes of disability and mortality worldwide. Аim: To study the relationship between vascular endothelial dysfunction and hyperlipoproteinemia in experimental atherosclerosis. Materials and Methods: The experiments were carried out on 28 Chinchilla rabbits with an average weight of 2.5-3.0 kg. The action of drugs was studied in dynamics: the initial 3-month condition and after one month of drug administration. The results obtained were compared with those of the control and intact groups. Results: Long-term administration of cholesterol is accompanied by the development of hypertriglyceridemia, the severity of which depends on the duration of the experiment. Conclusion: An important role in the development of endothelial dysfunction in hypercholesterolemia is played by a decrease in the synthesis of endothelial nitric oxide and an increase in its active radicals, causing modification of low-density lipoproteins and their deposition in the vascular endothelium.


Objective:To explore the correlation of uric acid(UA)with intima-media thickness(IMT)in carotid artery as and left ventricular mass index(LVMI)in patients with essential hypertension(EH).Method:A total of 105cases was divided into IMT normal group,IMT increased group and plaques group,or LVMI normal group and LVMI increased group by carotid and cardiac ultrasonography.UA was measured in each group.Result: UA in LVMI normal group and LVMI increased group were(363.34±58.33)and(432.51±48.82)μmol/L,respectively(P0.05).UA in IMT normal group,IMT increased group and plaques group were(303.85± 78.59),(372.30±95.35)and(436.51±61.16)μmol/L,respectively(P0.05).Conclusion:The level of UA is correlated with artery artherosclerosis and left ventricular thickness in patient with EH.


PURPOSE: To provide an inexpensive sensor made of glass ceramic equipped with such a merit that the response to a temp. change is high and measuring accuracy is high in the temp. sensor of a microwave oven. CONSTITUTION: A temp. sensor 10 having a metal substrate 12 having an enamel layer 14 applied to at least a part thereof is formed. At least one conductive element 16 forms a first sensor structure measuring a temp. within a first temp. range as the function of the resistance of the conductive element 16 itself and further forms a second sensor structure operated in combination with the enamel layer 14 and the metal substrate and measuring temp. within a second temp. range as the function of the resistance of the enamel layer 14. COPYRIGHT: (C)1992,JPO


The utility model discloses a private communication management system for a mobile phone, comprising a central processor, a radio frequency unit module and an antenna, as well as a communication setting module, a communication recognition module and a private communication management module, wherein the antenna is connected with the central processor by the radio frequency unit module; the central processor is connected with a common contact person storage module and a private contact person storage module respectively by the communication setting module so as to set and take information of common contact persons and private contact persons; and the central processor is connected with the private communication management module by the communication recognition module so as to carry out confidential management on the information of private contact persons through the recognition of the communication recognition module. Compared with the prior art, through the presetting, the private communication management system realizes the privacy management on incoming call information and text message receiving of the mobile phone user, improves the safety of mobile phone information, and avoids the possibility of disclosure of private information of the mobile phone.


Milk is a rich source of nutrients that are important for human health. Due to its high nutritional value, it is considered an ideal substrate for the proliferation of pathogenic and deteriorating micro-organisms. Therefore, some control measures are necessary to guarantee the quality of milk and dairy products. The aim of this review is to present the main quality parameters in accordance with Brazilian legislation, as well as to provide data and studies on the characteristics and quality of milk in different regions of Brazil. For this purpose, besides consulting the legislation, articles were used located by the following keywords: "Milk quality", "Milk preservation" and "Milk storage", in the databases "Google Scholar", "SciELO" and "LILACs". It was found that even with control and regulation of dairy farming, failures can still occur in the various regions of the country, which can be minimised with technical assistance and rural extension.


Objective To analyze the reason of irrational drug use,and propose the methods which can solve the matter.Methods 8 000 outpatient prescriptions in the 4th quarter were spot checked,and the irrational drug use were analyzed.Results There were 146 prescriptions(1.83%) of irrational drug use,which mainly presented as 9 aspects,such as repeated drug taking and over dose.Conclusion Pharmaceutical theory knowledge study of medical personnel should be strengthened,and the level of medication safety could be advanced.


Bioplastics are expected to reduce the use of commercial plastics. Several efforts have been made to improve the properties of bioplastics, including the addition of antioxidants or antimicrobial agents. One of the antimicrobial agents is activated charcoal or activated carbon. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of activated carbon addition to the bioplastic composite. Sago waste was utilized as the matrix in the composite, while activated carbon was as filler. Sago waste is the leftover biomass resulted from the sago extraction. The proximate analysis showed that the composition of sago waste was mostly dominated by the fibrous materials followed by protein and fat. The activated carbon was obtained from the treatment of Betung bamboo. The Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy indicated that the thermal treatment of Betung bamboo at 175 °C for 5 h resulted The treated sago waste  was immersed in 5% KOH  for 24 h and further dried and then pyrolyzed at 750 °C for 90 min to yield activated carbon. The activated carbon was dominated by the carbonaceous materials. This was also supported by the proximate data indicating the presence of 91% carbonaceous materials in activated carbon.  The Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET) analysis showed that the activated carbon has surface area of 460 m2/g. This activated carbon was then used as filler at bioplastic composites. Two levels of activated carbon percentage on composite were tested, which were 3-5% (% m/v). The mechanical analysis using universal testing machine indicated that the addition of activated carbon reduces the tensile strength and modulus of elasticity. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images clearly indicated the presence of activated carbon on the surface of bioplastics.  The data obtained in this study showed the potential of composite sago waste and activated carbon as bioplastics. Further, the activated carbon obtained in this study can serve as an adsorbent, providing possible applications as antibacterial agent. Keywords – Activated Carbon, Biomass, Bioplastic, Composite, Pyrolysis, Sago Waste.


A recent article in New Testament Studies' has increased, and taken an opposite approach to, the long series of studies and comments made on this text. When, as in the R.S.V. translation, one reads the passage as 'If anyone has no love for the Lord, let him be accursed. Our Lord, come!', one is given little indication of the problems posed by the Greek original for translators and commentators. In the Jerusalem Bible's version, quoted above, the question is left open, views on the meaning of the difficult Murunatha being consigned to the footnotes, and even there two possible translations are allowed, namely, 'Our Lord is coming' or 'Lord, come!' As this suggests, opinion at present tends towards accepting a present or future reference for the phrase, and the article mentioned above takes such future reference as established. Former commentators had to reckon with a Patristic tradition which translated Murunatha as 'our Lord has come'. A study of this tradition, however ,shows that they, too, were unsure of the precise meaning of the text.a One line of tradition uses Murunatha in direct connection with Anathema. Amandus declares excommunicated those who should tamper with his resting place and adds: 'et sit anathema maranatha, quod est perditio, in adventu Domini nostri Jesu Christi . . .3 This seems to give clear parousial reference to Muranatha, though many would say that the word is being used here without any real understanding of its meaning. Such is clearly the case in other examples found in this line of interpretation.' The more usual understanding of Maranatha found in Patristic writings is 'The Lord has come', but one sees from the contexts in their writings that this is not an attempt at literal translation,


The aim of this contribution is to present an approach that allows to improve the quality of the reconstruction of the far-field from a small number of measured samples by means of sparse recovery using a relatively coarse grid for source positions (with sample spacing of the order of λ/8) compared to the grid usually required. In particular, the iterative method proposed employs a smooth-weighted constrained minimization, that guarantees a better probability of correct estimate of the sparse sources and an improved quality in the reconstruction, with a similar computational effort respect to the standard ℓ1 re-weighted minimization approach.


(57) Abstract: absorbent material having a porous absorbent macrostructure in the form of mutually separated by intervals of the cavity coupling the strands are shown. Porous macrostructures cations, preferably, have a mutual coupling gel particles whose surface is cross-linked by an amino epichlorohydrin additive polymer. Porous absorbent macrostructures waste water or body (e.g., urine) when in contact with liquid, such as, expands and absorbs liquid. Absorbent material, porous macro one surface or both surfaces in mounted substrate structure, preferably, has a cellulose base material. The substrate material, the diaper is effective in absorbent products such as adult incontinence pads and sanitary napkins.


I-123 IMP is now widely used as a radioactive material for cerebral blood flow scintigraphy. It is also known that this substance will accumulate in certain types of tumors. The authors present a case of a 47-year-old woman who showed accumulation of I-123 IMP in hepatic cell adenoma. 6 refs., 3 figs.


Laryngeal cancer accounts for 0.6% of all cancer-related deaths worldwide. Wild soybean contains natural ingredients that have anti-cancer properties. This study aimed to determine the cytotoxicity of wild bean ethanol extract in inhibiting the growth of epidermal laryngeal cancer (Hep-2) cells for use as adjuvant therapy. Phytochemical analysis and thin-layer chromatography of the wild bean ethanol extract were conducted to identify the compounds contained in the extract. Wild bean ethanol extracts were tested against Hep-2 cancer cells in vitro. Cisplatin was used as a positive control. After incubation for 24 h, the inhibitory activities of the extracts were assessed with the MTT assay, and absorbances were determined with a microplate reader. Based on the phytochemical test results, the wild bean ethanol extract contains alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, triterpenoids, saponins, and glycosides. The MTT assay showed that the median inhibitory concentration (IC50) of the wild bean ethanol extract was 118.061 μg/mL, and there were significant differences (p < 0.05) in the inhibitory activity at 800 μg/mL in comparison to the other treatment groups and controls. The IC50 value of cisplatin was 78.569 μg/mL. The wild bean ethanol extract had moderate cytotoxicity against Hep-2 laryngeal cancer cells and was less toxic than cisplatin.


The flame front instability characteristics of the combustion of the methane / air premixed gas in the porous media burner w ere investigated.The experiment results show ed that in a particle bed w ith the ball diameter of 6 mm,the flame front changes from the regular symmetrical flame to the inclined flame gradually and split into tw o areas finally in a given initial uneven preheated zone w hen the equivalent ratio is 0.41,and the flow velocity is 0.42 m / s.When the particle bed w as arranged,the balls w ere tamped dow n to decrease the uneven distribution of porosity.The initially uneven preheated areas in the even distribution of the porosity caused the flame propagated unstably and misfired in the end.Even though the given initial preheated area w as even,the flame front w as still somew hat unsymmetrical.The results show ed that the uneven structure of the particle bed is the main reason that the flame front inclines in the filtration combustion and the initial uneven factor accelerates the instability of the flame propagation.


Chicken insulin was tested in mice in vivo and in vitro. The biological activity was compared to bovine insulin (=100%) as follows: 1. In vitro: Fat pad test 375%; 14C incorporation into the lipids of fat pads 369%: hemidiaphragm insulin assay 373 percent. 2. Localized intraperitoneal action in vivo: 14C incorporation into the fat pads 195%: U-14C-glucose incorporation into glycogen of hemidiaphragm 215 per cent. 3. Mouse convulsion test: The activity was slightly increased.


Hollywood has been tantalizing the public and tormenting wind engineers with stunning visual effects and the idea of computational wind tunnels. The reality is the physical atmospheric boundary layer wind tunnel has nearly infinite resolution of fluctuating turbulent properties. The equivalent resolution with current turbulence modeling techniques will require billions and perhaps trillions of cells and computing resources at the limits of our imagination. If the true time varying information obtained from an atmospheric boundary layer wind tunnel is out of our reach within the near future with computational methods, what is within our reach? Qualitative analysis (i.e., design A is better than design B) seems the nearest to reality. Additionally, the indoor environment, (i.e., laboratories, offices, auditoriums) while still of large scale are often driven by mean flow properties with secondary turbulent effects. For the indoor environment CFD is being used (and validated!) to evaluate occupant comfort and safety in the pre-build phase. These modern models of indoor spaces are still requiring millions of cells and mid-scale parallel computing. It is now evident that the questions architects and HVAC engineers are asking of CFD cannot be resolved by single desktop computers. The trend is toward integrated industrial applied CFD comparable to that used by the automotive and defense industry. This operation mode enables the smooth transition of computational models from CAD though solvers to the post-processing and client presentation.


It is clinically important to assess the degree of hepatic injury in addition to the clinical diagnosis of underlying liver diseases. Fibrotic deposits represent the response of liver tissue to damage, and the degree of hepatic fibrosis is an important prognostic indicator and therapeutic target in liver diseases. Invasive liver biopsy has been the golden standard for the assessment of the degree of hepatic fibrosis with hazard. Non-invasive assessments have been widely used to assess the degree of hepatic fibrosis instead of liver biopsy. Ultrasound elastography has been the recent interest for the clinical assessment of hepatic fibrosis. Ultrasound elastography technology involves the use of a machinery to generate shear waves in the vicinity of hepatic tissue and then the monitoring the propagation of the shear waves. A mild external force can also be applied to the liver tissue for the monitoring of degree of strain. Then ultrasound devices can calculate the speed of the shear waves and the degree of strain, and convert these data into ultrasound images to determine the elasticity of the liver tissue. Current elastography determining shear wave speed include Transient Elastography (TE), Acoustic Radiation Force Imaging (ARFI), Point Shearwave Elastography (SWE), and Two-dimensional SWE[1,2] [Figure 1].


The asymptotic energy spectrum of thermal neutrons in an infinite medium of beryllium was calculated for 300, 200, and 100 deg K, for a constant plane source of neutrons at the midplane. The techniques of multigroup diffusion theory were applied, using Nelkin's first order scattering kernel for Be, and the energy-dependent transport mean free path, lambda /sub tr/ (E), calculated by Bhandari. Because of the violent variation of lambda /sub tr/ in the vicinity of the Bragg cutoff energy, for the lower moderator temperatures the calculate flux spectrum is quite different from the Maxwellian. At 300 deg K the deviation from the Maxwellian is small. (auth)


The object of the study is a source of sinusoidal voltage, which has a solar cell, a PWM frequency converter and an output LC filter, and a nonlinear, single phase output transformer with an additional LC-filter on the output, which is connected to a single-phase non-autonomous consumer network. A mathematical description of this source, as an affine nonlinear singularly perturbed system of differential equations, is obtained, and a decreasing order is made. Conditions for the stability of an integral variety in a system with an unknown forward control in generalized form are obtained. The nonlinear reduced system is brought to a kind that allows us to apply a linear feedback control strategy. The use of the gradient method allowed us to obtain the Lyapunov function in the form of a quadratic form, whose coefficients are solvations of the linear system of algebraic equations. A condition in which the use of these coefficients guarantees the local asymptotic stability of the system is given. The results of the simulation, conducted taking into account the constraints affecting the technical feasibility of implementing the strategy of control, are presented. The spectral composition of the output voltage has been estimated for nominal and minimum load cases. References 21, figures 2.


As a new management model,as to workers,self-management is a kind of effective incentive mode.self-management can meet the selfhigh-level need do good to make job-design abundant,provide a chance to develop one's abilities.


SWO SIGNIFICANT FACTORS characterized the French parliamentary elections of January, 1956. The elections followed the first dissolution of a French Assembly since 1877. Equally important in terms of French political development was the fact that, for the first time in postwar France, the voter was able to choose between a future moderate right government and a reformist left coalition. This choice was made possible by the formation of an electoral alliance between the Socialist and Radical Socialist parties, which its principal architect, Pierre Mendes-France, named the Republican Front. In an electoral system characterized by its complexity and lack of clear choice for the voter, the Republican Front represented a serious attempt to link the individual's vote to a specific future government combination. While opposition to the Communists and Poujadists was taken for granted, the major opponent of the Republican Front alliance was the outgoing government coalition led by Edgar Faure and Antoine Pinay. This coalition was pictured as symbolic of the center governments which had ruled France during the Fourth Republic, largely by inaction. As an alternative, the Radicals and Socialists offered the voter a future moderate left ministry. Such a ministry would at long last enact fundamental social and economic reforms, conduct a realistic foreign policy, and liquidate French liabilities in North Africa. Thus, the stalemate from which recent French politics has suffered would be broken within the existing parliamentary framework. The key group in the formation of the Republican Front was the Radical Socialist party, if not from the point of view of electoral and parliamentary strength, at least for strategic purposes. The SFIO went into opposition in the National Assembly shortly after the elections of 1951. By themselves, however, the Socialists offered no realistic alternative to the center party governments which continued to rule France. On the other hand, the Radical Socialist party had been an integral part of the center party governing coalition. No government since 1947 has been without a Radical minister, and for more than a third of the time since 1945 a Radical has been premier. Therefore, the important fact of the 1956 elections was not that the SFIO had joined in an electoral alliance opposed to the exist-


Soot emissions from internal combustion engines and aviation gas turbine engines face increasingly stringent regulation, but available experimental datasets for sooting turbulent combustion model development and validation are largely lacking, in part due to the difficulty of making quantitative spaceand time-resolved measurements in this type of flame. To address this deficiency, we have performed a number of different laser and optical diagnostic measurements in sooting, nonpremixed jet flames fueled by ethylene or a prevaporized JP-8 surrogate. Most laser diagnostic techniques inherently lose their quantitative rigor when significant laser beam and signal attenuation occur in sooting flames. However, the '3-line' approach to simultaneous measurement of soot concentration (on the basis of laser extinction) and soot temperature (on the basis of 2-color pyrometry) actually relies on the presence of significant laser attenuation to yield accurate measurements. In addition, the 3-line approach yields complete time-resolved information. In the work reported here, we have implemented the 3-line diagnostic in well-controlled non-premixed ethylene and JP-8 jet flames with a fuel exit Reynolds number of 20,000 using tapered, uncooled alumina refractory probes with a 10 mm probe end separation. Bandpass filters with center wavelengths of 850 nm and 1000 nm were used for the pyrometry measurement, with calibration provided by a hightemperature blackbody source. Extinction of a 635 nm red diode laser beam was used to determine soot volume fraction. Data were collected along the flame centerline at many different heights and radial traverses were performed at selected heights. A data sampling rate of 5 kHz was used to resolve the turbulent motion of the soot. The results for the ethylene flame show a mean soot volume fraction of 0.4 ppm at mid-height of the flame, with a mean temperature of 1450 K. At any given instant, the soot volume fraction typically falls between 0.2 and 0.6 ppm with a temperature between 1300 and 1650 K. At greater heights in the flame, the soot intermittency increases and its mean concentration decreases while its mean temperature increases. In the JP-8 surrogate flame, the soot concentration reaches a mean value of 1.3 ppm at mid-height of the flame, but the mean soot temperature is only 1270 K. Elevated soot concentrations persist for a range of heights in the JP-8 flame, with a rise in mean temperature to 1360 K, before both soot volume fraction and temperature tail off at the top of this smoking flame.


Novel one-dimensional [Fe3O4/PANI/PAN]//[Eu(BA)3phen/PAN] (PANI = polyaniline, PAN = polyacrylonitrile, BA = benzoic acid, and phen = 1,10-phenanthrolin) heterogeneous nanofiber yarns synchronously endued with excellent tri-functionality of fluorescence, superparamagnetism and electrical conductivity were successfully fabricated for the first time using conjugate electrospinning. The heterogeneous nanofiber yarns are composed of [Fe3O4/PANI/PAN] electrical–superparamagnetic nanofibers and [Eu(BA)3phen/PAN] fluorescent nanofibers, realizing effectively the isolation of dark-colored Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) and PANI from Eu(BA)3phen complexes, and thus enhanced fluorescence intensity is acquired. The morphologies and properties of the samples were studied in detail using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectrometry, four-probe testing, a vibrating sample magnetometer and an F-7000 fluorescence spectrophotometer. The results reveal that the prepared heterogeneous nanofiber yarns have a large aspect ratio and uniform diameter, and that the nanofibers in the yarns demonstrate high orientation. It is found that the superparamagnetism and electrical conductivity of the heterogeneous nanofiber yarns can be respectively adjusted by modulating the amounts of Fe3O4 NPs and PANI in the yarns, and the highest electrical conductivity reaches up to the order of 10−3 S cm−1. More importantly, the fluorescence intensity of the heterogeneous nanofiber yarns is much stronger than that of the counterpart [Fe3O4/PANI/Eu(BA)3phen/PAN] homogeneous nanofiber yarns with the same compositions and contents owing to the fact that the Fe3O4 NPs and PANI were not directly mixed with the Eu(BA)3phen complexes. Furthermore, the design concept and preparation method provide an effective route for manufacturing other multi-functional nanofiber yarns.


The fretting wear and adhesive wear resistance of Ti-based thin solid films deposited on MDN121 steel substrate are evaluated. Plasma-assisted cathodic arc evaporation technique is used to develop the TiC–C monolayer coating and Ti/TiN/TiCN/TiN/TiCN multilayer coatings used in the study. FESEM-EDS, nanoindentation, Raman spectroscopy, optical profiler, and confocal microscope are used to characterise the coatings and wear tracks. Diamond-like carbon is observed in the microstructure of both the coatings. During the fretting analysis, the coefficient of friction (COF) is reduced by 68.49% in the case of the TiC–C monolayer coating and 42.46% in the Ti multilayer coatings as compared to the substrate. The volumetric wear loss of the TiC–C monolayer coating is lower than the multilayer coating. The wear surface morphology reveals the abrasive form of the fretting wear mechanism in both the monolayer and multilayer coatings whereas the galling failure in the substrate. During adhesive wear, the COF is reduced by 71.73% in the monolayer coating and 59.33% in the multilayer coatings compared to the substrate. The monolayer coating exhibits low friction and low wear rate as compared to the multilayer coating.


Effective in-season crop nitrogen (N) status diagnosis is important for precision crop N management, and remote sensing using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is one efficient means of conducting crop N nutrient diagnosis. Here, field experiments were conducted with six N levels and six maize hybrids to determine the nitrogen nutrition index (NNI) and yield, and to diagnose the N status of the hybrids combined with multi-spectral data. The NNI threshold values varied with hybrids and years, ranging from 0.99 to 1.17 in 2018 and 0.60 to 0.71 in 2019. A proper agronomic optimal N rate (AONR) was constructed and confirmed based on the measured NNI and yield. The NNI (R2 = 0.64–0.79) and grain yield (R2 = 0.70–0.73) were predicted well across hybrids using a random forest model with spectral, structural, and textural data (UAV). The AONRs calculated using the predicted NNI and yield were significantly correlated with the measured NNI (R2 = 0.70 and 0.71 in 2018 and 2019, respectively) and yield (R2 = 0.68 and 0.54 in 2018 and 2019, respectively). It is concluded that data fusion can improve in-season N status diagnosis for different maize hybrids compared to using only spectral data.


A simple method is developed for calculation of inelastic response spectra for arbitrarily predetermined values of ductility and damping. Period dependent Ductility and Damping Reduction Factor (DDRF) is defined as a scaling factor that converts five percent damping elastic response spectra into an inelastic response spectra for desired damping and ductility. It is formulated as a product of two functions interrelating the ductility, damping and natural period, and a period-band-dependent matrix of regression coefficients which are statistically quantified on the basis of the Japanese strong motion data set. Influence of site effects on DDRF is studied by classifying the strong motion records according to the soil condition classification employed in the Japanese Earthquake Design Specifications for Highway Bridges. On this basis, a closed-form statistical model is proposed for the prediction of a site-dependent inelastic response spectra for a given soil condition, ductility and damping.


The calibration laboratories are those that provide the technical service of measurement and calibration of measuring instruments in various magnitudes. The services provided to external clients must be oriented to satisfy their needs and expectations in such a way that business alliances are strengthened, for which reason the problem that was addressed in this investigation is the attention provided by the department of customer service in a calibration laboratory because dissatisfaction has been generated for the company's external customers. This study was carried out applying the exploratory methodology for the identification about the systematics that have been carried out in other companies for the strengthening of the customer service area and applying the descriptive methodology to establish the fundamental issues that should characterize the customer service and allow the strengthening in the customer service area in a calibration laboratory, thus achieving a proposal to strengthen the customer service area in a calibration laboratory. Where it is emphasized that the customer service in the calibration laboratories is oriented to the management of the relationships that govern and strengthen the clients as a fundamental part of the processes of the company, likewise achieve an added value to the services provided and continually improve business strategies and communication channels with the laboratory.


The present invention discloses a support eNFC terminal processing method and terminal. Form of this invention, after the NFC feature is turned off, the terminal starts near field communication application of non-card emulation mode, determine NFC function is in the closed state, the NFC enabled. According to the present invention provides a solution, even after the NFC analog front-end chip Close NFC functionality can also support NFC non-card emulation mode, and can be further near field communication in a non-card emulation mode is completed, remains closed NFC analog front-end chip NFC function, keep low-power terminal.


Background - Psychiatric comorbidity is strongly associated with opioid use. The earlier studies have focused on injecting drug users and their associated psychiatric comorbidities, while little attention is made on the other group, non injecting drug users. The aim of the study is to focus on socio-demographic profile and psychiatric co-morbidities among the non injecting opioid users. Material and Methods - The present study was conducted in the Psychiatry Department, Government Medical College, Amritsar. A sample size of 150 patients was taken who fulfilled the criteria of opioid dependence using ICD 10 criteria. MINI (Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview) was applied to study the psychiatric co-morbidity among the non injecting opioid users. Statistical Analysis - Data was analysed using SPSS software version 21.0. Results - The mean age of the subjects was 31.74 ± 8.64 years. The majority of subjects were male, married, employed. Majority of subjects had used the opioids for less than 5 years. Heroin was the most commonly used opioid followed by tramadol followed by synthetic opioids. Anxiety disorders were the most common psychiatric comorbidity followed by depression. Conclusions - There is high prevalence of psychiatric co-morbidity in the non injecting drug users which is often ignored which leads to poor treatment outcome. Hence there is more need for screening and assessment of psychiatric disorders in non-injecting opioid users.


IP flows have heavy-tailed packet and byte size distributions. This make them poor candidates for uniform sampling---i.e. selecting 1 in N flows---since omission or inclusion of a large flow can have a large effect on estimated total traffic. Flows selected in this manner are thus unsuitable for use in usage sensitive billing. We propose instead using a size-dependent sampling scheme which gives priority to the larger contributions to customer usage. This turns the heavy tails to our advantage; we can obtain accurate estimates of customer usage from a relatively small number of important samples.The sampling scheme allows us to control error when charging is sensitive to estimated usage only above a given base level. A refinement allows us to strictly limit the chance that a customers estimated usage will exceed their actual usage. Furthermore, we show that a secondary goal, that of controlling the rate at which samples are produced, can be fulfilled provided the billing cycle is sufficiently long. All these claims are supported by experiments on flow traces gathered from a commercial network.


methods: From a randomized trial (NCT01023607), we identified total 97 lipid-rich plaques (39 female, 58 male) from total 69 patients (26 female, 43 male) who were randomized to receive atorvastatin 60mg (AT60), rosuvastatin 10mg (RT10), or atorvastatin 20mg (AT20). Serial OCT and IVUS imaging were performed at baseline, 6-month, and 12-month. We compared the percent change in fibrous cap thickness (%FCT) by OCT and the percent change of percent atheroma volume (%PAV) on IVUS among three statin dose groups in female and male.


In order to enhance the directivity of antenna, a gap coupling technique, as well as the metasurface structure, have been used. The radiation patch, asymmetric Jerusalem radiation unit of the antenna is fed by an L-type power divider and by an H-slot feed network. Meanwhile, a metasurface structure as a reflection plate is located at the bottom. The back lobe has been obviously reduced, and the radiation characters of the antenna is improved obviously. Fabricated simple has been tested. The result shown our design available.


Electric vehicles (EVs) develop with high-speed in recent years. The automotive manufacturers recommend that battery will be replaced, when the remaining capacity reaches 80%. However, the capacity left in the battery can be used to support other fields, which requires lower performance. This paper attempts to analysis the feasibility of transportation battery second life used in communication base station backup power in order to promote a sustainable transportation and avoid the environmental impact. The growth rate of EVs has be adopted to predict the number of retired batteries, ensuring the battery resource is enough. The performance of retired batteries and lead-acid batteries is compared to ensure the reliability of retired batteries. An economic analysis model is established, which can calculate the cost savings in new energy scenario. The results show that the production of China's EVs is sufficient to support the second use of transportation batteries, and the retired batteries' performance is better than traditional lead-acid batteries, while saving costs.


The ability to recognize human activities from sensed information becomes more attractive to computer science researchers due to a demand on a high quality and low cost of health care services at anytime and anywhere. This work compares C-Support Vector Machine (C-SVM), Conditional Random Fields (CRF) and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) for imbalanced dataset to perform automatic recognition of activities in a smart home. This comparative study offers a guideline for choosing the appropriate algorithms for automatic recognition of activities. We conduct several experiments carried out on real world dataset and show that the results obtained with C-SVM are very promising. C-SVM is able to correct the inherent bias to majority class and yields improvement in the class accuracy of activity classification (75.5%) in comparison with CRF (70.8%) and LDA (72.4%) methods.


M.D. LECLERC, Les Dits des oiseaux (Tales of Birds).
Among all the medieval bestiaries that got printed, the short piece called Les Dits
des oiseaux stands out as a singular work. It is striking first and foremost because of
its longevity : two handwritten copies in the 15th century were followed by few
printed versions, but it lived on within a rather heterogeneous work known as the
ancestor of the almanac, Le Grand Calendrier et Compost des bergers (The Shepherds' Great
Calendar and Compost). The present paper examines developments in the composition
of the work through its several editions from the 15th to the 18th century, then it
compares its contents to the traditional contents of bestiaries and more particularly
of volucraries.


Minimizing the slowdown (expected sojourn time divided by job size) is a key concern of fairness in scheduling and queuing problems where job sizes are very heterogeneous. We look for protocols (service disciplines) capping the worst slowdown (called here liability) a job may face no matter how large (or small) the other jobs are. In the scheduling problem (all jobs released at the same time), allowing the server to randomize the order of service cuts almost in half the liability profiles feasible under deterministic protocols. The same statement holds if cash transfers are feasible and users have linear waiting costs.


There is a growing perception that higher education increasingly follows what Cary Nelson calls the business or "Industry .. handbook of relevant strategies and techniques" of employee management, seen by many in the demise of tenure and the increase in part‐time hiring. As an academic/corporate convergence this trend, however, extends beyond higher education's use of corporate employee management strategies. As higher education becomes a profitable venture, following business's "handbook" becomes symptomatic of a profound blurring between corporate and academic entities that beckons a reassessment of higher education's overall direction in light of its relationship with the corporate world. As we'll see in the demise of tenure and the growth of the part time position, academia is increasingly following the corporate or "industry ... handbook of relevant strategies and techniques" of employee management (Nelson, 1997b). The presence of a corporate paradigm in academia is, however, not limited to employee management practices. As higher education becomes profitable through the use of new technologies, following the corporate "handbook" becomes symptomatic of a far more significant blurring between corporate and academic entities that, because of the drastic and fundamental changes it poses for academia, warrants that academia both reconsiders its internal structure and its overall degree of separation from the corporate arena.


This paper studies competition between firms when consumers observe a private signal of their preferences over products. Within the class of signal structures that induce pure-strategy pricing equilibria, we derive signal structures that are optimal for firms and those that are optimal for consumers. The firm-optimal policy amplifies underlying product differentiation, thereby relaxing competition, while ensuring consumers purchase their preferred product, thereby maximizing total welfare. The consumer-optimal policy dampens differentiation, which intensifies competition, but induces some consumers to buy their less preferred product. Our analysis sheds light on the limits to competition when the information possessed by consumers can be designed flexibly. (JEL D11, D21, D43, D82, D83, L13)


The combined synthesis and spectrometric characterization of 2,3,3'‐trichlorobiphenyl (PCB 20) and 3,3',4‐trichlorobiphenyl (PCB 35) is described for the first time. By a combination of highly efficient column distillation and repeated recrystallizations it was possible to isolate the two products as reference materials with a purity exceeding 99%. X‐ray analysis of crystals of 2,3,3'‐trichlorobiphenyl positively identified the substitution pattern of the biphenyl moiety by chlorine atoms. The two phenyl rings are at an angle of 52°, while the relative disposition of the chlorine atoms on both rings is closer to anti than to syn.


The open cassegrain antenna combines an asymmetric cassegrain reflector system with antenna rotation about two non-orthogonal axes. The compact configuration provides well-controlled radiation with full hemispheric coverage. A comprehensive analysis of the antenna geometrical and radiation characteristics has been made, and an experimental antenna with 40-inch aperture, operating at 60 gcs, has been constructed and measured electrically. Agreement was obtained between the computed and measured characteristics of the antenna and its components. By computation, it is found that the aperture efficiency of the experimental antenna is 70.4 per cent, the antenna efficiency (neglecting ohmic loss) is 65 per cent, and based on measured subreflector radiation patterns, the noise temperature due to spillover at the main reflector is less than 4°K.


Recently, high performance multi-core processor (HMP) called big.LITTLE has been developed, where "big" is high performance core while "LITTLE" is low performance core consuming less energy. It needs efficient scheduler migrating the tasks between the two cores to minimize power consumption while providing high performance. The existing HMP scheduler employing same migration thresholds for all the tasks is not effective in achieving this goal. In this paper we propose a novel scheduler which employs different migration thresholds for foreground and background tasks. Computer simulation and experiment reveal that power consumption is reduced about 9% while the performance is not degraded.


Although the construction industry is one of the important components of the nation's economic development, nevertheless, a nation can only fully benefited from the construction activities if it has an efficient and effective construction industry. Against the traditional conceptions of success in the construction industry, this paper attempts to explore the factors that influence the success of the construction enterprise from the viewpoint of an entrepreneurship perspective. In this regard, the importance factors to the construction enterprise success were determined based on the entrepreneurship literature and experts' opinions, and categorized into four dimension and eighteen factors. Then, the Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) technique was applied to explore the causal relationships among the factors. The results revealed that three factors were of great importance to the success of the construction enterprise, namely 'Business and Management Competencies', 'Technical Competencies', and 'Technological Competencies'. It is advised that if the construction enterprises desire to obtain high potential in business success, they should focus on these factors by enhancing their practice in this areas.


Objective To study the effect of imidazoline corrosion inhibitor on the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) behavior of · 5 2 · 表摇 面摇 技摇 术摇 摇 摇 2015 年 03 月 P110 steel in simulated annulus environment in CO2 injection wells, in order to provide reference and basis for the establishment of protection method against corrosion in the annulus environment of CO2 injection wells. Methods P110 steel in simulated annulus environment in CO2 injection wells was treated by SCC tests, electrochemical measurements and corrosion morphology analysis. Ac鄄 cording to the site鄄extracted component analysis results of annulus medium in the CO2 injection well, simulated solution was pre鄄 pared in laboratory, imidazoline corrosion inhibitor was selected, and the pH of the simulated solution was adjusted to 4. Highly pure N2 was introduced to deoxidize, in order to prevent the oxidation of sulfide. Three鄄point bend specimen was used in the stress corrosion test, and the deflection of the sample was controlled at the set value to control the load. Both the stress corrosion test and electrochemical test were carried out in a closed autoclave. After the experiment, the corrosion morphology was observed by scan鄄 ning electron microscope. Results In the annulus environment of the CO2 injection well, concentration of imidazoline corrosion in鄄 hibitor had important effect on the SCC behavior of P110 steel. In the presence of tensile stress load, the addition of sufficient cor鄄 rosion inhibitor had good inhibition effect on uniform corrosion and SCC, but when the dosage was insufficient, the addition of cor鄄 rosion inhibitor would increase the SCC sensitivity of P110 steel, and the SCC mechanism was the mixed mechanism of local anodic dissolution and hydrogen embrittlement. Therefore,SCC occured on P110 steel in simulated annulus environment in CO2 injection wells, and its mechanism was AD+HE. Conclusion The concentration of imidazoline corrosion inhibitor posed a significant influ鄄 ence on the SCC behavior of P110 steel. Adequate imidazoline corrosion inhibitor could well inhibit both uniform corrosion and SCC, while the addition of inadequate imidazoline corrosion inhibitor increased the SCC susceptibility instead.


The alkaline phosphatase from hepatopancreas of Macrobrachium nipponensie collected from the lake of Baiyang, Hebei province was partially purified and selectively modified by PMSF, NBS, ClAc, formaldehyde, ME and acetyl acetone, and changes in the activities of the enzyme have been detected.The results showed that Lys, Ser and His residues are the indispersible active groups of the alkaline phosphatase. Some of the disulfide bonds are also for the function of this enzyme.


Author(s): Ta, Jenny; Anderson, Lars W.J.; Christman, Mairgareth A.; Khanna, Shruti; Kratville, David; Madsen, John D.; Moran, Patrick J.; Viers, Joshua H. | Abstract: https://doi.org/10.15447/sfews.2017v15iss4art5 Widespread growth of invasive aquatic vegetation is a major stressor to the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta, a region of significant recreational, economic, and ecological importance. Total invaded area in the Delta is increasing, with the risk of new invasions a continual threat. However, invasive aquatic vegetation in the Delta remains an elusive ecosystem management challenge despite decades of directed scientific research and prioritized policy recognition. In this paper, we summarize the current state of knowledge of the history, status, and potential future directions for coordinated research, management actions, and policy based on topics discussed at symposium head on invasive aquatic vegetation on September 15, 2015. Remote sensing technology, mechanical, chemical, and biological control, as well as community science networks have all been shown to be effective management tools, but overall effectiveness has been hindered by complex regulatory structure, the lack of a consistent monitoring program, regulations that restrict treatments in space and time, and funding cuts. In addition, new management options depend on continued research and development of new active ingredients for chemical control and testing of biological control agents. The ongoing development and implementation of new strategies for adaptive, integrated management of aquatic weeds, using currently-available management tools, new knowledge derived from remote sensing and plant growth models, and an area-wide, ecosystem-based approach, is showing promise to achieve improved management outcomes and enhance protection of the Delta's water resources.


Software Configuration Management (SCM) plays an important role in software development projects by controlling the consistency of artifacts during the whole project life cycle. In this article we discuss how a well-known SCM pattern language was applied in a medium size outsourced project. For each applied pattern we explain the motivations, the context, the forces considered and the positive and negative consequences. We present the ideas by looking at the SCM system as a continuous evolving system as the patterns are applied. Special nuances, common to the complex world of outsourcing, are also emphasized.


The 3D design model of extendable arm of backhoe loader is established by Pro/E software,and the design model is put into ANSYS WORKBENCH software,then the finite element model is established.The stress of extendable arm is calculated.The design of the extendable arm with result of stress calculating is improved.It makes quickly in improving.


Echelle spectroscopy and mostly unaided-eye photometry of the southern Be star ω CMa were obtained in the period 1996-2003. The monitoring is bracketed by two brightenings by 0. m 4-0. m 5. The results of a literature search suggest that such phases occur about once a decade and have various commonalities. Along with these photometric events goes enhanced line emission. This is due to an increased total mass of the disk as well as to a change in its density profile. The models by Poeckert & Marlborough (1978, 1979) imply that the enhanced continuum flux originates from the inner disk. Higher-order Balmer line emission is correlated with brightness. The increase in Hα is retarded by some months, possibly indicating a time delay in filling up and ionizing the outer disk. In the (U − B) vs. (B −V) colour diagram and the D54 vs. D34 Balmer decrement diagram the path from the ground to the bright state is distinct from the return path. This could result from the bulk of the disk matter being in the outer (inner) disk during the photometric ground (high) state, while the two transitions between the two states are both due to changes progressing radially outward. Some µ Cen-like outbursts (Rivinius et al. 1998c) seem to occur in all phases. It is conceivable that the build-up of the inner disk is caused by more frequent or more effective outbursts. During the photometric bright state various other phenomena gain in prominence and suggest this to be a phase of increased activity. Of particular interest, but possibly only apparently related to this phase, are absorption components at redshifts well beyond the range covered by the combination of rotation and nonradial pulsation.


Inverted pendulums have been used for a long time as a typical laboratory setup for learning and testing of various control system techniques. In this paper, we present a new laboratory rotary inverted pendulum setup. The setup is equipped with a microcontroller containing a code for communicating directly with MATLAB/Simulink using Simulink Desktop Real Time. In this configuration students have the opportunity to implement a controller in MATLAB/Simulink or to implement it directly on the microcontroller. Its capabilities are tested using sliding mode control, first using simulation and then verified on the experimental setup.


In this paper the approximation of functions by linear means of Fourier series in weighted variable exponent Lebesgue spaces was studied. This result was applied to the approximation of the functions by linear means of Faber series in Smirnov classes with variable exponent defined on simply connected domain of the complex plane.


iii List of Tables viii List of Figures ix Chapter 1: Introduction 1 Outline 1 Preliminary background on worldviews. 1 Preliminary background on channeling and the Seth material. 4 Preliminary background on research methods to be used. 7 Purpose Statement 8 Research Question 9 Secondary Research Questions 9 Method 9 Chapter 2: Literature Review 11 Terminology 11 Organization 12 Transpersonal Import 13 Emerging Worldviews 14 New age. 16 Rising culture. 18


Quantitative structure−property relationships on a large set of descriptors are developed for the melting points of a large set of mono- and disubstituted benzenes (443 compounds). A correlation equation including nine descriptors (R2 = 0.8373) is reported for the whole set of compounds, and six descriptor equations are given for the subsets of ortho-, meta-, and para-substituted compounds, respectively. The importance of the hydrogen bonding descriptor (HDSA2) is demonstrated, and quantum chemical descriptors are successfully applied to obtain predictive models.


Objective To investigate the potential role of human cytomegalovirus lower matrix phosphoprotein 65 (HCMV pp65) in murine systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Methods The prokaryotic vector pET-28b and eukaryotic vector pcDNA 3.0 were constructed to express the HCMV pp65 protein.All the C57BL/6 mice were inoculated with pp65 eukaryotic vector intramuscularly five times at 2-week intervals and then were bled via the retro-orbital vein.Subsequently,indirect ELISA was used to evaluate the concentration of anti-pp65 IgG,anti-dsDNA and ANA.At the same time,IL-1 b,IL-6,and TNF-α were determined by competitive ELISA.Results The early onset of autoantibodies and an overexpression of IL-6 were observed in immunized male C57BL/6 mice.Conclusion HCMV pp65 triggers the deregulation of humoral immunity in C57BL/6 mice,which indicates that the immune responses induced by HCMV pp65 may be involved in the development of SLE.

Key words:
Autoimmune diseases(AD) ;  Human cytomegalovirus(HCMV) ;  Systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) ;  Lower matrix phosphoprotein 65 (pp65)


Introduction: The aim of this study was to examine fracture resistance after filling simulated incomplete vertical fractured permanent teeth using two different bioceramic based sealers. Material and Methods: Sixty single-rooted maxillary incisors were decoronated to a length of 13 mm. The teeth were randomly divided into four groups (n=15 for each group). In negative control group, the teeth were left with no process. For positive control and two experimental groups, 45 roots were prepared by using Protaper System up to a master apical file size of F3. In these 45 roots, a simulated fracture line (6.5 mm length, 0.25 mm width) extended until the root canal space was created from the root apex towards crown. In positive control group, 15 teeth were filled with only gutta-percha. In experimental groups, first group filled with gutta-percha + Well Root ST sealer, and the other group filled with guttapercha + MTA Fillapex sealer. Each sample was tested for the fracture in universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1.0 mm/min. The fracture resistance of each sample was recorded, and the obtained data was analyzed statistically. Results: The highest fracture resistance value was observed for the negative control group (P<0.05). Well Root ST showed significantly higher fracture resistance in comparison to the MTA Fillapex (P<0.05). The fracture resistance was significantly higher for both sealer groups than it was for the positive control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Well Root ST and MTA Fillapex sealer significantly increased the fracture resistance of untreated incomplete vertical fractured roots.


This paper is the first part of a two-part survey reviewing some basic concepts and methods of the modern theory of dynamical systems. The survey is introduced by a preliminary discussion of the relevance of nonlinear dynamics and chaos for economics. We then discuss the dynamic behavior of nonlinear systems of difference and differential equations such as those commonly employed in the analysis of economically motivated models. Part I of the survey focuses on the geometrical properties of orbits. In particular, we discuss the notion of attractor and the different types of attractors generated by discrete- and continuous-time dynamical systems, such as fixed and periodic points, limit cycles, quasiperiodic and chaotic attractors. The notions of (noninteger) fractal dimension and Lyapunov characteristic exponent also are explained, as well as the main routes to chaos.


PURPOSE: To provide a portable optical bar code scanner having a scanning opening which can be arranged so as to enable the scanning of a bar code label at plural scanning positions without using a hand. CONSTITUTION: A portable bar code scanner 32 includes a supporting member 20, and a housing member 24 suspended on the supporting member so as to be rotatable. The housing member has a pair of inclined supporting faces mutually directed to a certain angle, and a floor part from which a reflecting mirror 54 is suspended. One or both of those inclined supporting faces includes transparent substrates 36 and 52. A scanning light beam source such as a hand scamper is arranged so as to be adjacent to the other inclined supporting face, and plural scanning light beams in a scanning pattern shape are projected to the reflecting mirror. The reflecting mirror reflects the scanning pattern to the transparent substrate, a bar code label passes on the substrate, and the scanning of the bar code label can be attained by the scanning light beam. The housing member can be rotated at until 180° so that the substrate can be arranged at plural scanning positions. COPYRIGHT: (C)1992,JPO


Chili is the main ingredient and one of the spices that is widely used to improve flavor in the meal. Spicy meals provided with dried chili make some people feel spicy yet delicious and they become more desirable to be eaten. Naturally, chili contains a large number of seeds and it became more challenging to separate the seeds from the chili. It takes longer time and a lot of manpower to prepare dried chili paste manually. Hence to reduce meal preparation time, some people opted for the use of instant chili paste in their cooking. However, the chili paste contains additional preservatives to ensure longer shelf life. This situation is unfavorable for the consumer's health. On the other hand, the existing chili seed remover is large and expensive and only suitable for the large food industry application. The purpose of this study is to design and develop a beta prototype of an automatic dried chili seed remover machine (ADCSRM) which is ergonomic and portable and can be tested with different weights of dried chili per operation. It is also can help the small industry and the housewife to optimize their works. ADCSRM is designed to cut dried chili and remove the seeds by using specifically designed blade. This machine has seven main parts and used a blender motor with adjustable speed function. The result of this study showed that the ADCSRM machine can separate a minumum of 50 g up to 250 g of dried chili per operation. The maximum time for each operation is around 40-45 s depending on the weight of dried chili input. The machine was invented in a small size with a simple mechanism and easy to use. In conclusion, by using ADCSRM it can reduce the meal preparation time, number of labor as well as the cost of chili paste preparation.


By setting the texts of George Eliot and Max Müller side by side, this paper explores how Eliot replicates and comments upon Müller's philological, comparative, and historical-critical methodologies. In particular, attention is drawn to their parallel uses of Herderean Einfühlung as a key and strategic component of German historicism, and to their corresponding interests in establishing and pursuing a comparative study of world religions. Through her fiction, Eliot is a clear participant in the emerging discourse on the science of religion in Britain. Her interaction with Müller's works is a testament to the prevalence of his scholarship and presents an important set of examples of how his theories are developed and refracted as they are transmitted from scholarly translations, articles, essays, and lectures to the Victorian novel.


The sovereign national state is in many respects a recent phenomenon. The settlements following both world wars in the twentieth century created and defined our current understanding of the nation. They also qualified the concept by creating supra-national levels of accountability for both governments and individuals. With advancing globalisation, both the freedom of action and the legitimacy of national states are under pressure from the supra-national regulators of the world economy, such as the WTO. Traditional means of protecting and developing sub-national regions and national interests though government support and intervention are no longer legitimate. Against decline in participation in local and national elections, individuals and regions can appeal directly to supra-national entities. Nevertheless, the information and communication technology driving the global economy also provides an opportunity for nation states to re-connect with their citizens though new electronically mediated relationships. Policy formulation and delivery of services need no longer be a top down process, but can pursue subsidiarity through direct electronic forms of engagement with the consumers of public services and those towards whom public policies are directed. Elements of this new polity are already in place, not least within the enlarging European Union, and this paper reflects on emergent practices which could deliver electronic metagovernance for the redefined 21 century state. Textures of Globalisation Interest in the governance of governance – metagovernance – reflects dramatic changes in the bargaining power and indeed will to power of the nation state over the last thirty years. The promotion of command economy, mixed economy and free-market economy reflected ideological positions rendered irrelevant by the end of the Cold War in the closing decades of the twentieth century. The cessation of crypto -hostilities led to the end of what Stephen E. Little Open University Business School 2little several writers have termed a "bi-polar discipline" (Ohmae, 1995). The removal of constraining ideological blocs was followed by accelerating attempts at global economic integration characterised by the "strong globalisation" view typified by Kenichi Ohmae (1990). In Ohmae's view globalisation is dominated by a core "triad" of economic regions: North America, Western Europe and North East Asia (predominantly Japan) which share the bulk of international trade. Global production and consumption is seen as a series of complementary flows of materials from periphery to centre and products from centre to periphery. This view is influenced by the development of multi-domestic production close to the peripheral markets (Dicken 1998). This centripetal model still has value in tracking paths of diffusion and assimilation, as with the movement of textile production from the developed core, such as the U.K. to the providers of the raw materials, such as India. Often "Globalisation" is presented as a novel and irresistible logic leading to the unproblematic technological transformation of economic relationships. To understand the prospects for local interventions to produce any impact on such a system, it is necessary to consider the drivers of current change and the opportunities for particular directions of development that they provide. The internationalisation of trade can be traced deep into history, beyond the establishment of the Silk Road. The western mercantile tradition developed around a set of technologies which Hirst and Thompson (1996) argue had reached a functional plateau with the reliability and regularity of the steamship and electric telegraph by the conclusion of the nineteenth century. Certainly pre-First World War international trade shares characteristics with later forms of trans-national commerce. However, the current presentation of globalisation represents an ideological interpretation of significant technological changes. The recent driver of globalisation has been the reduction of transaction costs achieved through ICTs which replaces a production or supply "chain" with much more densely networked patterns. The dynamics of the underlying information and communication technologies mean that the focus of attention Stephen E. Little Open University Business School 3little has shifted from flows of material to flows of information and knowledge. As a result disparate national and regional cultures are becoming increasingly interlinked within networked and globalised organisations. Production and consumption of goods and services take place in an increasingly complex web, where both sophisticated and commodified products may be produced and consumed at centre and periphery. More significantly, the "Fordist compromise", which required manufacturing activity to be matched by colocated consumption has been rendered irrelevant (Lipietz, 1992). It has become possible to minimise the cost of labour by separating producer and consumer. However, there is also growing evidence of the exclusion of economically marginal performers. Only specifically favoured geographical areas or economic sectors may benefit from integration into what is still a partial global economy. Smaller economies and enterprises may gain little, finding instead that incoming foreign capital may demand resources that are diverted from development (see Dicken 1998). In post colonial societies the information and telecommunications infrastructure is likely to be optimised for a external agenda, to the detriment of their potential to address internal imbalances. Differences between centre and periphery and between large and small scale economic activity is critical to an understanding of the impact of globalisation and its supporting technologies at particular locations. Ohmae (1995) celebrates such variation as evidence of the need to pursue "zebra strategies". These imply cross-border development playing to the relative strength of the most developed components of separate national economies in order to create regional synergies. These strategies are directed at only the strongest parts of a regional economy, in order to create sufficient levels of formal economic activity for inclusion in the world system. Such differential development could become entrenched within a global infrastructure driven by the priorities of the dominant developed economies. The stresses of adjustment and realignment between economies, added to the reinforcement of existing inequities of development have led to a corresponding growth of Stephen E. Little Open University Business School 4little economic migration, both, internal and trans-national, legal and illegal, which threatens the stabilities of economies at either end of the traffic. However, as Delamaide (1994) points out, several of the accession economies entering an expanding European Union are re-establishing older geo-political partnerships interrupted by Cold War divisions. For Delamaide the patterns of potential development across an enlarging European Community can be mapped on to a range of geo-historical connections dating back to the Hanseatic League or the Holy Roman Empire. Similar enduring cultural links, whether established through trade, migration or colonisation can be identified throughout the emergent global system. Post-colonial relationships provide one form of connection, language another. Nobes and Parker (1981) trace variation in accounting practice across the globe to the initial development of modern accounting in Scotland and England, its subsequent spread though other Anglophone cultures. Turkey has recently re-established links with the Turkic republics of the former USSR. The influence of Japan's colonial presence has contributed to the character of national development in both Taiwan and Korea, though with different outcomes. Chains and Networks Inspired by the new organisational relationships made possible by the merging of computer and communication technologies (ICTs), observers such as Negroponte (1995) and Mitchell (1996) argue for the transformative potential of new forms of networked organisation and "virtual workplaces" unlike anything previously possible. New locational strategies allowed white collar work from the US mainland to be relocated off-shore to the Caribbean as far back as the 1980s, and "front office" tasks in prestigious locations have been divided from "back office" tasks relegated to the more local periphery of outer suburbia. Less developed regions find themselves increasingly in competition for such lower value work, and their infrastructure is likely to be developed primarily to support it. At the same time, potential consumers with limited economic resources are less able to influence the direction of development of technologies, artifacts and services which are targeted at the most lucrative component of global markets. Across the new networked economy as a whole Stephen E. Little Open University Business School 5little research and development, raw materials sources and routine manufacturing, final assembly, markets and after-market support, are increasingly co-located. The emergent global system is one of complex inter-penetration of peripheries and cores and these terms now refer to competence in the underpinning information and communication infrastructure, rather than physical location. Entrants to the global marketplace from East Asia quickly became aware of the need to exploit their presence in the established economies. James and Howell (2001) show that Asian companies are establishing or acquiring research and development (R & D) facilities within the United Kingdom and the United States. There are two motives for this. Knowledge of regional markets can be gained via partnership or part ownership followed by acquisition. It can also be captured through R & D focussed on local product development, informed by feedback from local customers and incorporate