Throughout the history of SLA research, the worthiness and unworthiness of textbooks have been documented well. A wellprepared textbook is considered as a compass for teachers and students showing where to begin and where to end their lessons. The focus of the present study was on investigating the difficulty level of the reading and the listening passages of EFL textbooks. For this purpose, data were collected through questionnaire from 26 EFL teachers from four primary schools in Abomsa, Ethiopia. Classroom observations were also made to see how teachers and students are able to read the passages. Moreover, the selected reading and listening sections of grade two and grade three EFL textbooks for Ethiopia were evaluated in depth. The finding shows that the passages in the textbooks are found to be difficult for both the target students and their teachers although the difficulty level varies. In the passages, complex and very long sentences found which were difficult to be understood by grade two and grade three EFL students. Since most of the comprehension questions require higher thinking ability, students faced problem on answering them. Recommendations were provided based on the findings.


A surge in exports and strong domestic demand in the wake of the tax reform have already created bottlenecks in some areas (intermediary products and investment goods). The construction industry benefitted from capacity expansion programs in the production sector. The improvement in the labour market continued, inflation accelerated at a lower rate than in other countries. In April, the rate of inflation was 2.4 percent, markedly below the rates in the U. S. (5.1 percent), West Germany (3.0 percent), and Great Britain (8.0 percent). The world economy also kept its momentum in the spring: Economic activity was very brisk in continental Europe and Japan, but now there are signs of a gentle slowdown in the U. S. and a more marked deceleration in Great Britain. The main economic problems of the Western economies are the persistent interest rate differential between Europe and the U. S. and the concomitant tendency for the dollar to appreciate.


For cache coherent distributed shared memory on a large scale parallel machine, each node processor of JUMP-1 shares a global virtual address space with two-stage TLB implementation. The directory is attached not to every cache line but to every page, while the data is transferred by the unit of a cache line. Reduced Hierarchical Bit-map Directory schemes (RHBDs) are introduced to manage coherent messages to a large number of nodes which share a page. Using a hierarchical structure of a network RDT(Recursive Diagonal Torus), coherent messages for RHBD are multicast quickly to local area of the source node. From the results of the simulation, all schemes of the RHBD support almost a half latency of the traditional directory scheme based on 1 to 1 message transfer.


Background: Preeclampsia is a multisystem disorder characterized by the development of hypertension to the extent of 140/90 mmHg or more with proteinuria after the 20th week in a previously normotensive and nonproteinuric woman. Renal parameters(Blood urea, Serum creatinine, Uric acid, Urinary protein by dipstick) in patients with preeclampsia. if raised above the normal pregnant values, can help establish the severity of preeclampsia and its associated complications and can help in predicting maternal and perinatal outcomes. The aim of the article was to assess the renal profile in preeclampsia and its association with maternal complications. Materials and Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary health center over two years, from October 2020 to October 2022. Informed written consent had been obtained from women as per the inclusion criteria. With pre-determined proforma, detailed history was obtained. All pregnant women who fulfilled the inclusion criteria after 20 weeks of gestation were included in the study. Apart from routine antenatal investigations in pregnancy, Renal Function Tests (RFTs) were also done in women with preeclampsia. The renal parameters used in the study were Blood urea, Serum creatinine, Serum uric acid, and Urinary protein. The patients with raised renal parameters were followed up repeatedly till delivery. The RFTs were repeated if needed. The maternal outcomes were noted. Results: In the present study, out of 167 women, 67% of preeclampsia patients had no complications, 22% had developed impending eclampsia, 6% had developed hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets (HELLP) syndrome, and only 3% of the patients had gone into eclampsia. Serum uric acid levels were more than 6.3 in 76% of patients with impending eclampsia, 50% of patients with eclampsia, and 36% of patients with HELLP syndrome.Almost 90% of the patients with HELLPsyndrome had severe proteinuria of urinary protein as 3+, while 73% of impending eclampsia patients had urinary protein 3+. Conclusion: Due to severe impact of preeclampsia on pregnancy outcomes, prompt, and early identification of preeclampsia by using these renal function tests and timely initiation of treatment is essential.


Objective To isolate and identify cancer stem cells (CSCs) from human osteosarcoma by serum-free three-dimensional culture combined with anticancer drug.Methods The primary cells from human osteosarcoma were digested by trypsin to prepare a single-cell suspension,and mixed homogeneously into 1.2% alginate gel.Single-cell alginate gel was cultured with serum-free DMEM/F12 medium.Epirubicin (0.8 μg/ml) was added to the medium to enrich CSCs.After been cultured conventionally for 7 to 10 days,most of cells suspended in alginate gel were killed by epirubicin.But there were a few cells survived and formed some single-cell cloning spheres.Immunofluorescent staining for Oct3/4 and Nanog was implemented to find cells provided with properties of self-renew and multi-potential differentiation.Cells from cloning spheres were transplanted into BALB/c mice to detect the tumorigenicity in vivo.Results Some positive cells stained by Oct3/4 (TRITC) and Nanog (TRITC) were found in single-cell cloning spheres,and most of positive cells were concentrated in the core of sphere.Cells from spheres could form osteosarcoma in the body of mice.Conclusion Cells from single-cell cloning spheres have the properties of the expression of parts of stem cell gene (Oct3 / 4 and Nanog),resisting anti-cancer drugs,and tumorigenicity in vivo.Summary of above,we can believe that cells we have gotten from osteosarcoma by serum-free three-dimensional culture combined with anticancer drug are cancer stem cells.


Virtually all optical systems have some possible interpretation as a visual optical system. Often though, a detector such as a vidicon or photographic film intercedes to record the image. In such cases several quantitative methods have been devised to specify the required aberration content and fabrication tolerances for the optics used in such systems. Direct visual systems are the oldest of optical systems, but generally lack a good quantitative basis for tolerance specification. This condition has been accepted because the human eye is a remarkably adaptive organ, which will accept imagery that appears to be unacceptable by many of the accepted quantitative measures. On the other hand, the eye is bothered by such defects as scratches, digs and other cosmetic errors that are not consequential to many other optical systems.


The study discusses the issue of insufficient legal regulation of privacy protection in so-called Over-the-Top services, i.e. provided over the Internet at European Union level. It presents proposals for a postulated legal act with the rank of a regulation, which will replace Directive 2002/58 in-compatible with technological realities and supplement the provisions of the GDPR in the protection of one of the fundamental rights, which is the right to privacy.


Abstract In this paper we evaluate comparatively the performance of non-banking financial institutions in Romania by the means of unsupervised neural networks in terms of Kohonen' Self-Organizing Maps algorithm. We create a benchmarking model in the form of a two-dimensional map (a self-organizing map) that can be used to assess visually the performance of non-banking financial institutions based on different performance dimensions, such as capital adequacy, assets' quality and profitability. We use the following indicators: Equity ratio (Leverage) for the capital adequacy dimension, Loans granted to clients (net value) / total assets (net value) for the assets' quality dimension and Return on assets (ROA) for the profitability dimension. We have excluded from our analysis the other three dimensions used in evaluating the performance of banks, due to lack of data (for the two qualitative dimensions: quality of ownership and management) and irrelevance with the NFIs' sector (liquidity). The proposed model is based on the Self-Organising Map algorithm which creates a two-dimensional map (e.g. 6x4 = 24 neurons) from p-dimensional input data. The data were collected for eleven non-banking financial institutions for four years 2007-2010, in total 44 observations. Using the visualization capabilities of the Self-Organising Map model and the trajectories we show the movements of the three non-banking financial institutions with the worst performance: the largest underperformer denoted with X, the second largest underperformer denoted with Y and the third largest underperformer denoted with Z between 2007 and 2010.


5. In Figure 8, authors show that miR-221 mimic mediated protection against apoptosis is significant in HepB3 cells but not in HepG2 and SNU449 cells. A potential explanation is differential expression of endogenous miR-221 expression among different cell lines. Furthermore, previous reports have also shown that miR-221 mimic protects against apoptosis. Therefore, authors should transfect miR-221 mimic at higher concentrations and analyze its effect on apoptosis in HepG2 and SNU449 cells.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To adjust dynamically the regularity in real time by using an adaptive filter and its method for dynamic regularizing high rate recursive least square (DR-FRLS) without the need for restarting the adaptive filter processing. SOLUTION: In the DR-FRLS adaptive filter 10 and its method, the adaptive filter receives an input exciting signal Xn 14 from a talker from a remote end. The DR-FRLS adaptive filter 10 has a processor 106, a memory 18 and programs 20 including at least a dynamic regularizing high rate recursive least square program. Through the constitution above, a desired signal dn is processed to generate an echo residual signal eo ,n 40 and it is outputted to a remote end talker. The echo residual signal eo ,n 40 corresponds to an inborn error or residual echo relating to the exciting signal Xn . The echo residual signal eo ,n40 is used by a proper device to compensate an echo due to the exciting signal Xn in an environment 12.


With the popularity of mobile phone in college students,a mobile phone newspaper has become a new fashion.Mobile phone,with its rich contents,various forms,convenient communication to win the youth's welcome,affects university students' learning,life style,and the ideological and political education work has brought new challenges and opportunities.At the same time the traditional education forms and methods have been increasingly impacted.For this,Chongqing University of posts and telecommunications is active to meet the situation,combining students' actual need,actively taking "emerging media position",and founded the CQUPT e station mobile phone newspaper for new ideas,new methods and new ways.The ideological and political education work is with a positive effect.


The study and design process of a new clamping manipulator for glassware was introduced.The structure of this manipulator is reasonable and it is especially applicable to clamping glassware.


The basic principles of sequential switching theory were first
developed by Huffman and later generalised by Moore and Mealy. These
techniques and subsequent ones based on them were mainly concerned with
minimizing the amount of logical hardware in the form of discrete gate
components. One result of this early work was the development, by
Hartmanis, of an algebraic structure theory for sequential systems.
In recent years, however, the advent of MSI/LSI has changed the
fundamental design requirements, and new design criteria were thus created
and many of the conventional minimization methods were rendered obsolete.
In particular, no systematic techniques exist for designing systems at
the sub-system or system level which ,the MSI and LSI technology requires.
In this thesis, using the criterion of minimal total storage
requirements of a given sequential switching system, the applicability,
of the structure theory due to Hartmanis, in conjunction with MSI/LSI
modules is examined, and the different possible resulting structures are
also examined for their suitability to LSI/MSI realisations. Also, the
interpartition relationships that lead to these structures are studied
and best possible component sizes within the different possible structures
are determined. In this connection, a procedure has been developed which
systematically leads to either least storage or most uniform component
machines.
However, since a large section of sequential switching systems either
do not decompose into convenient sizes and structures or that a large
amount of redundancy has to be introduced in order to make them decompose,
alternative realisation techniques which can be used to realise such
systems have been developed.
These are the State and Input techniques, which resemble in some
aspects the Ashenhurst-Curtis type of disjunctive decompositions, and are
general and result in uniform components. The size and structure of the
components can be varied so as to suit available modules. Above all,
these systems offer a simple and effective method of realising asynchronous
systems requiring no special state assignment. This is done through the
use of inertial delays in conjunction with a decoder in the feedback loops
of the system.


Objective
To establish a time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay (TRFIA) method for detecting M-type phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) antibody and to investigate the diagnostic value of serum PLA2R antibody for idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN).

Methods
The microplates coated with recombined PLA2R antigen and Eu3+ -streptavidin labeled PLA2R antigen were used to establish a dual-antigen sandwich-type TRFIA for PLA2R antibody detection (anti-PLA2R-TRFIA). The serum concentrations of PLA2R antibody in 63 IMN patients (36 males, 27 females, age 25-75 years) and 90 healthy volunteers (30 males, 60 females, age 22-53 years) were quantitatively analyzed. Kruskal-Wallis H test and Mann-Whitney u test were used to analyze the data.

Results
The range of anti-PLA2R-TRFIA was 0-10 mg/L and the sensitivity was 5 μg/L, while ED20, ED50 and ED80 of the standard curve were (0.144±0.012), (0.707±0.029) and (3.466±0.098) mg/L, respectively. The CV of inter- and intra-assay were 4.7% and 5.1%, respectively. The average concentration of serum PLA2R antibody in healthy volunteers was 0.455(0.320, 0.593) mg/L, but in IMN patients it was 2.690(0.717, 7.750) mg/L (z=-3.688, P<0.05). Meanwhile, the serum levels of PLA2R antibody in IMN patients were significantly different between different stages and ages (χ2 values: 10.328, 9.716, both P<0.05). According to the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, when the diagnostic cut-off was set at 0.80 mg/L for IMN detection, the sensitivity and specificity of anti-PLA2R-TRFIA were 73.0%(46/63) and 95.6%(86/90), respectively.

Conclusions
Anti-PLA2R-TRFIA has been well established. This quick and easy-performance method could increase the diagnostic accuracy for IMN.

Key words:
Glomerulonephritis, membranous; Receptors, phospholipase A2; Fluoroimmunoassay


The invention discloses a direct lead-smelting reducing furnace gas-injection method and a device thereof. According to the method, a spray gun of a direct lead-smelting reducing furnace, close to a slag tap, is replaced with an air brick, a gas under a certain pressure and temperature passes through the air brick and enters the reducing furnace to form rising bubbles with a certain momentum, and a molten pool is uniformly stirred; and a spray gun of the direct lead-smelting reducing furnace, close to a lead inlet, is continuously used; a spray gun close to a high-lead slag inlet is mainly used for injection of natural gas and oxygen-enriched air; and several other spray guns, far away from the high-lead slag inlet, are mainly used for injection of coal dust and mixed gases. The invention relates to a direct lead-smelting reducing furnace gas-injection method which can be adopted to guarantee smooth running of a metallurgical reduction reaction, control reaction temperature of reducing furnace slag to a reasonable range, avoid backward flowing and overexcitation splashing of high-temperature melt, prolong service life of the reducing furnace, inhibit slag-bonding of a furnace lining, guarantee safe operation of the equipment, reduce operation cost and raise production efficiency.


Electrode structures of Pt/RuO2/Ru on polysilicon and (Ba,Sr)TiO3(BST) thin films on Pt/RuO2/Ru/poly-Si structures were prepared by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The barrier layers of RuO2/Ru deposited by MOCVD showed a stable interface and did not affect the surface morphology of the platinum bottom electrode even at a high annealing temperature of 800°C in oxygen ambient. Contacts in the annealed state up to 800°C exhibited linear current-voltage characteristics with a constant specific contact resistance of 5.0 ×10-5 Ω·cm2. The excellent leakage current characteristics and dielectric properties of 50-nm-thick BST films were due to the stable and smooth morphologies of the bottom electrodes at BST deposition temperature.


Saponin treatment is commonly used to permeabilize the surface membrane of muscle cells. Incubation of isolated rat anococcygeus for 4 h in a low Ca2+ and low Mg2+ solution resulted in the muscle responding to Ca2+, phosphate and cyclic AMP in a similar way to a saponin-treated muscle. However, unlike saponin-treated preparations, the maximal calcium-activated force was stable for many hours and the addition of noradrenaline caused contracture. These properties would permit this preparation to be used to study aspects of receptor-mediated excitation-contraction coupling.


Conduction electron spin resonance in copper has been observed at 4.2 K, by the selective transmission method at a frequency of 9200 MHz. The obtained g value, 2.033±0.003, agrees with those in the previous reports. The line shape as well as the dc resistivity gives ωτ≈0.1. From the analysis of the relation between the linewidth and the sample thickness, we have found that the probability e of a spin flip at the surface is ≈0.09 in our samples.


Small scale digital devices (SSDD) have had a profound impact on the way we interact with the world around us. Penetration of these devices especially mobile phones has almost reached to their satu ...


Intriguingly, Twohig identifies two aspects of lab work that contribute new insights for the history of medical technologies and the social history of medicine. He hints that labs invested considerable efforts in convincing physicians to use their services, blurring boundaries between early public health work and clinical analyses done for private physicians and in effect, generating more work (32). He also suggests that some lab results had far-reaching social effects, both positive and negative, beyond mere medical treatment decisions. For example, positive venereal disease tests could reveal infidelity while negative diphtheria tests could release whole families from the restrictions of quarantine (43). These lines of investigation deserve more attention. CYNTHIA TOMAN University of Ottawa


The invention discloses a high-refraction-index LED (Light Emitting Diode) organic silicon packaging material and a preparation method thereof. The material consists of a component A and a component B, wherein the mass ratio of the component A to the component B is 5:1; the component A is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 140-160 parts of methyl high-phenyl vinyl silicon resin, 90-110 parts of vinyl phenyl silicon oil and 0.2-0.6 parts of platinum catalyst; the component B comprises 25-35 parts of high-phenyl vinyl silicon resin, 15-25 parts of methyl phenyl hydrogen silicon resin and 0.3-1 part of inhibitor. The methyl high-phenyl vinyl silicon resin is adopted to be reasonably combined with the vinyl phenyl silicon oil to provide silicon-vinyl, the high-phenyl vinyl silicon resin is adopted to be reasonably combined with the methyl phenyl hydrogen silicon resin to provide silicon hydrogen, in the presence of the catalyst and the inhibitor, the organic silicon packaging material obtained by uniformly mixing and stirring the components can have addition curing reaction when being heated, and can be applied to LED packaging to achieve the purpose of high light emission rate of an LED.


The Sbyw collar is a unique type of necklace which was widely used during the New Kingdom. The collar consists of one or multiple rows of circular lenticular beads joined by a central clasp. This type of jewelry was often made entirely out of gold, however there are examples of collars incorporating faience and glass such as the one discovered in the tomb of Tutankhamun. ^byw was a type of token of royal favor traditionally awarded to distinguished high officials in the 'Gold of Honor' ceremony. The collar has not yet been studied in all its aspects. The most extensive previous study by S. Binder concentrated only on the usage of the collar as a royal reward for private individuals, which is beyond the scope of the present research. Both archaeological and iconographic evidence indicates that the collar was used by the deities and kings. Not only was the Sbyw collar used to decorate the aegis of divine barks, but it was also worn by deities such as Osiris, Amun, and Mut. Tuthmosis IV of the 18 th Dynasty was one of the earliest rulers depicted wearing the Sbyw collar on a relief from Giza. Additionally, in the tomb of Kheruef (TT 192), Queen Tiy together with her husband King Amenhotep III were both portrayed wearing the Sbyw . Thus, this research will endeavor to survey all the archaeological and iconographic evidence of the Sbyw collar in the royal and divine sphere. Furthermore, the research aims at revealing the significance of the usage of these collars by kings, queens, and deities.


The performance of SRF cavities made of bulk Nb at high fields (peak surface magnetic field greater than about 90 mT) is characterized by exponentially increasing RF losses (high-field Q-slope), in the absence of field emission, which are often mitigated by a low temperature (100-140 °C, 12-48h) baking. In this contribution, recent experimental results and phenomenological models to explain this effect will be briefly reviewed. New experimental results on the high-field Q-slope will be presented for cavities that had been heat treated at high temperature in the presence of a small partial pressure of nitrogen. Improvement of the cavity performances have been obtained, while surface analysis measurements on Nb samples treated with the cavities revealed significantly lower hydrogen concentration than for samples that followed standard cavity treatments.


university-level education, including any moderating effect of the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism, a common genetic variant related to learning, memory and brain plasticity. Methods: Participants were healthy older adults (average age 61 years) who completed either a minimum of 12 months of university-level study (N 1⁄4 383) or no university-level education (N 1⁄4 110). Assessment of neuropsychological, health, and psychosocial function was undertaken at baseline, 12-month, and 24-month follow-up. Linear mixed effects models examined the associations of 24-month university-level course load (amount of study) and BDNF Val66Met with rate of cognitive change in multiple cognitive domains. Results: In the final analyzed sample (N 1⁄4 358), education load had a positive association with annual change in language processing performance, although this effect did not reach statistical significance (P 1⁄4 0.064). Importantly, the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism significantly moderated the extent to which course load was associated with improved language processing (P 1⁄4 0.026), with course load having a significant positive relationship with cognitive change in BDNF Met carriers (estimate 1⁄4 0.089; 95% CI 1⁄4 0.018, 0.159) but not in BDNF Val homozygotes (estimate 1⁄4 -0.008; 95% CI 1⁄4 -0.093, 0.077). Conclusions: In older adults who carry BDNF Met, engaging in university-level education improves language processing performance in a course loaddependent manner. Building cognitive capacities such as language processing ability and cognitive reserve may provide resilience to the pathology of diseases that cause dementia.


Loess origin of Zoige basin has been discussed based on synthetic study in grain compositions of the loess, surface texture of quartz sand, as well as other geological phenomena. On the probability cumulative curve of loess, saltation mass and suspension are obvious, and the latter is dominant. Matrix method is adopted to compute grain size of the loess. The statistic analysis on quartz sand surface textures of loess through scanning electron microscope shows the features of air transportation, developed dishing pit, and combined profile features of Aeolian environment. In addition, sporo-pollens are scarce in the loess and ice-wedges are discovered in the neighboring loess strata. The above analysis shows that Zoige basin loess is Aeolian sediment in the periglacial environment, the age of loess formation mainly are Chazhenliangzi loess of Malan period and Suokezang Temple loess of Lishi period.


Ionic liquid crystalline compounds with a long terminal chain and their nonionic family were synthesized. The ionic liquid crystalline compound (I-7) with a heptyloxy terminal chain exhibited smectic A and C phases. On the other hand, a nonionic family of ionic I-7 showed a smectic A phase. In the case of the ionic liquid crystalline compound (I-4) with a butyloxy terminal chain, a smectic A phase was formed. A nonionic family of ionic I-4 did not show a liquid crystalline phase. The isotropization temperatures of the ionic liquid crystalline compounds were higher when compared to the nonionic family. These results exhibit that the ionic interactions act effectively in forming a liquid crystalline phase with enhanced thermal stability and enable the formation of the fluid smectic phases. In ionic I-7, the formation of the smectic C phase that the nonionic family of I-7 did not exhibit was led through the balance between an anisotropy formed by the mesogenic groups and the ionic interactions.


This chapter considers how a state's approach to foreign relations problems may have an external origin, or what we call "foreign" foreign relations law (FFRL). Using the distinction between self-executing and non-self-executing treaties as a case study, we find close parallels between manifestations of this distinction in various states and how it evolved in the United States, where the distinction was first articulated. The chapter explores whether these parallels reflect the distinction's transplantation from one legal system to another or the organic development of similar doctrines to address similar problems within the states involved. The chapter then addresses the utility of differentiating the exogenous/endogenous origins of particular foreign relations doctrines. We argue that consideration of a doctrine's exogenous origins raises questions that can deepen and develop the nascent field of comparative foreign relations law. Why do states accept (or reject) FFRL? How does FFRL enter a state's system? Who is doing the transporting? What happens to FFRL in its new site(s)—i.e., how static or dynamic does the concept prove in different settings? Further research on such questions may, in turn, set the table for more normative questions such as when states should seek (or resist) the importation of foreign relations law.


The banishment law for recidivists of May 27, 1885, prescribed life imprisonment in French Guiana for recidivists. Its objective was to unburden mainland France of part of its criminal population and to foster the installation of banished convicts as colonial settlers. Branded as "incorrigible recidivists," these people were nonetheless stigmatized locally and interned in a penitentiary, where they carried out forced labor.


The thermal decompositions of sodium bicarbonate, trona, and Wegscheider's salt were studied in a closed system by means of differential thermal analysis and x-ray diffraction analyses. The energies of activation and empirical orders of the thermal decompositions of these materials were calculated from the differential thermograms using Kissinger's equations. The decomposition products of trona, sodium bicarbonate, and Wegscheider's salt were identified by x-ray diffraction. A reacti on sequence involving the formation of Wegscheider's salt is proposed to explain the thermal anomalies previously observed in the decomposition of sodium bicarbonate in a closed system. (auth)


This study is a replication of previous studies on the productivity of scholars who have been published in 24 journals found previously in the Matlon index. Between 1990 and 2001, the researchers found that the number of articles needed to place one in the top 100 most prolific researchers has grown from 15 to 23. The mode and median number of articles published during a career stands at one. The vast majority of researchers on the list teach in departments or schools which offer a doctoral program. The programs with the highest productivity during the period, 1915–2001 have been West Virginia, Michigan State, Georgia, Kent State, and Wisconsin. Highly productive scholars during the period are from West Virginia, Missouri, Texas Christian, Arizona, Wisconsin‐Milwaukee, Washington State, and Michigan State. Comparisons and contrasts are discussed beginning with one of the first studies undertaken in 1989.


For most readers, their exposure to invasive species will come from media accounts of "killer" algae in the Mediterranean Sea, Burmese pythons prowling through Florida's Everglades, or mosquitoes vectoring Zika virus in Brazil. What these observers typically miss, however, are the thousands of species that each year are moved and released well outside their native range (labeled as exotics) but never make the headlines. A best-guess estimate is that nearly of 4% of the Earth's vascular plant species are considered as exotics somewhere in the world, a number of species that is roughly equivalent to the size of the entire European flora (1). Others estimate that the rate at which new exotic species are appearing in written records has risen to 1.5 species per day (2). This rate of exotic species introduction has risen dramatically over the last couple of decades, mirroring nearly perfectly the rise in global international trade, with no sign that this rate is letting up (2). As a result, there is no biological realm today, including nearly all oceans and the poles, that has been left clear of exotic species (2, 3). This global reorganization of the Earth's biodiversity has become a signature of the Anthropocene (2). However, we lack a clear understanding of how many of these exotic species will go on to catch attention as harmful to economies, human health, or natural ecosystems. The quest to find answers to that question has motivated an all-out research push from biologists over the last two decades (4). In PNAS, Abellan et al. (5) make headway in that effort using a remarkably complete contemporary dataset on exotic birds introduced into the Iberian Peninsula.

There are two aspects of the work by Abellan et al. (5) that give it gravitas within invasion ecology: the uniqueness of the …

[↵][1]1Email: julie.lockwood{at}rutgers.edu.

 [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1


The paper discusses the requirements of the engineering designer during the higher, conceptual levels of the design process in terms of search within initial predefined design spaces and subsequent exploration of transformed design spaces. Such transformation is based upon information gathered from initial search using evolutionary techniques that rapidly identify high-performance regions of complex design spaces. It is proposed that off-line processing of such information and associated design team discussion in an iterative designer/evolutionary search procedure can strengthen the knowledge base relating to the problem at hand and initiate significant change in the design environment. Research relating to appropriate evolutionary search and exploratory procedures is described and illustrated with results from simple test functions and real-world design problems. These results support discussion related to the manner in which the techniques may best support innovative and creative design activity in an interactive design team/evolutionary search environment.


An absorber (1) having an at least partially flat and a flat surface (8b) exhibiting absorber sheet (2) on which at least one heat conducting plate (4) at least one can be flowed through by a heat carrier medium for heat entrainment, preferably metallic pipe (3) is arranged, which has a flat surface in any case in sections (8a) provided on the flat surface (8b) abuts the absorber sheet. The method for producing such an absorber is characterized in that the at least one tube (3) and the one or more heat conducting plates to each other or put together and that then to this arrangement, from which the at least one tube and the at least one heat conducting plate (4) sectionally flat surface (8a) of the metallic tube is formed in a reshaping, non-cutting operation.


In this paper, disperse dyes were selected to dye the new tricot warp-knitted curtain fabric under high temperature and pressure, and fabrics of different colors could be obtained. Then the optical properties of fabrics were tested through the method of spectrophotometer, the effect of color on optical properties was analyzed. The results indicated that fabrics dyed by different dyes have different optical properties; its optical transmittance and reflectance decreases after dyeing, which make transmittance and reflection performance worse. The dark purple, deep yellow and light yellow samples have better light-admitting and anti-peep performance than other samples.


School enrollment rates in developing countries have increased substantially over the past few decades. However, due largely to budget constraints, hiring contract teachers has become an ad hoc, yet a popular solution to teacher shortages in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. Studies concerning contract teachers have primarily focused on their performance, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness. In light of the literature on precarity associated with contractual employment, this article seeks to explore how contractual employment affects teachers in India. The study analyzes narrative data obtained through semistructured interviews with 17 contract teachers employed in government-run schools in Odisha, a state in eastern India. According to thematic analysis of the data, participants experience precarity in six dimensions: prioritisation of non-teaching work over teaching, financial hardships, sense of inferiority, anxiety about transfer, experiences of discrimination and desire for course correction. We argue that these six dimensions contribute to the demoralization and disempowerment of teachers. We also explore possible explanations for why Odisha continues to employ contract teachers despite criticism. It is recommended that policymakers be sensitized to the plight of contract teachers and reconsider the policy of contractual employment.


We present an in-depth study performed in the Jubarte's reservoir (Campos Basin, Brazil) to demonstrate that marine CSEM could complement seismic in reservoir-monitoring applications.
We show that 4D CSEM could play an important role in improving our knowledge of reservoir structure and properties. What lies beyond its adoption is its perceived value and cost relative to seismic, lack of definitive case studies and most significant, lack of game-changing developments and investments in new concept 4D acquisition systems.
We conclude that transformation of marine CSEM into an accepted and cost-efficient integrator to 4D seismic requires major technological enhancements reassessing instrument design, resolution and deployment to operational efficiency.
As demands for deep-water reservoir monitoring become more challenging, seismic – EM ocean bottom technology could increase the confidence in 4D and the rock physics behind it. Planning for 4D integrated seismic -EM early in the field's life may help minimize the number of initial development wells and permit early field intervention and upgrades to the depletion and reservoir-management strategies.
In the current capital constrained market, development funding for 4D seismic – EM game-changing technologies waiting to happen, could be difficult to secure. But we are optimistic as we foresee the potential and needs.


The paper presents a kind of LOD terrain simplify algorithm based on the structure of Quad tree .This algorithm which is relative with view point designs the LOD distributed by the strength of view sense. It means the terrain's detail changes according to the changing characters such as distance of imaging. And it also presents a method to avoid mutation and slit of image render on GPU.


We investigate global dynamics of the following second order rational difference equation x n + 1 = x n x n − 1 + α x n + β x n − 1 a x n x n − 1 + b x n − 1 , where the parameters α , β , a , b are positive real numbers and initial conditions x − 1 and x 0 are arbitrary positive real numbers. The map associated to the right-hand side of this equation is always decreasing in the second variable and can be either increasing or decreasing in the first variable depending on the corresponding parametric space. In most cases, we prove that local asymptotic stability of the unique equilibrium point implies global asymptotic stability.


We demonstrate that one could measure the absolute matter density of the Earth's core with a vertical neutrino factory baseline at the per cent level for sin{sup 2}2{theta}{sub 13} > or approx. 0.01, where we include all correlations with the oscillation parameters in the analysis. We discuss the geographical feasibility of such an approach, and illustrate how the results change as a function of the detector location. We point out the complementarity to geophysics.


In this era of space exploration, expeditions to the ocean bottom and far-viewing telescopes, Earth's interior has become one of the most challenging frontier areas for scientific investigation. Exploration of the crust by seismic and other means is well under way, but our view of the underlying mantle and core is fuzzy.
Plate-tectonic theory has revolutionized
earth science.


Concerns about climate change are global and real. As all communities try to get adapted to the challenges of their local climate, they are today sensitive to its variations.  Third World coun-tries, particularly Africa are threatened by the predicted effects of climate change because of their economic dependence on climate for development whose backbone is agriculture. There is strong evidence from the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP) that the observed increases in greenhouse gases particularly Carbon dioxide (CO2) may lead to global warming, sea level rise and space-time changes in climatic zones and seasons on the globe.  To come up with climate change associated impacts on agriculture in Africa, the study evaluated climate related researches conducted on snow capped mountains in Africa (Mt Kilimanjaro), fishing in inland lakes (Lake Victoria, Baringo), Agriculture in the Semi-arid lands of East Africa and irrigation projects in Africa (Gezira in Egypt) It was established that Africa is already experiencing the devastating impacts of climate change as seen in frequent floods and droughts and shift in marginal agricultural systems. If the predicted temperature increase of 4.5 degrees centigrade is realized by the year 2030, then agricultural systems in Africa will be seriously affected particularly the food security section.  There will be reduced land for agriculture because the high agricultural potential areas will become arid, Coastal areas will be submerged, affecting fishing and human settlement, there will be increased desertification and disappearance of ice and snow on the mountains. The effects of climate change may include: reduced agricultural land use due to submergence of coastal regions and increased aridity in the tropical high agricultural potential regions, there will be increased incidences of farm pests and diseases, over cultivation, food insecurity and poverty especially in Tropical regions. Africa will face serious challenges in her endeavor to adapt to new mechanisms of food production for sustainable development

 Key words: Carbon dioxide sink, marginal agriculture, Sahelian drought, human activities, climate change.


Since this paper was submitted to the editor, the paper by MoHargue and Calfee (Plant Physiol. 7: 697-703, 1932) has appeared. As their conclusions are in substantial agreement with the findings reported in this paper in regard to the essential nature of manganese for the growth of Lemna, the original manuscript was returned to me and shortened. It should be noted that in these experiments the Lemna were grown free from microorganisms, and that therefore the amount of manganese required for maintenance would be expected to be much lower than with the technique of McHargue and Calfee, as was the case. It has been previously reported (Clark and Fly 4) that it was not necessary to add manganese to solutions of purified salts in order to secure good reproduction of Lemna major, and that the addition of manganese to an inorganic nutrient medium in which Lemna grew well produced some effect upon the vegetation but little upon the rate of reproduction until toxic concentrations were reached. The possibility that extremely small amounts of manganese might be essential to the plants and be present in sufficient quantity even in salts recrystallized iseveral times, together with the failure of many workers to obtain growth in green plants without manganese, particularly of Hopkins (6) with Lemna minor, caused the problem to be investigated further. Lemna major (Spirodela polyrhiza) has been grown in these laboratories with inorganic salt solutions for several years. The nutrient solution used as standard consists of magnesium sulphate (24 mg. Mg per liter), potassium nitrate (312.8 mg. K), primary calcium phosphate (16.1 mg. Ca), and ferric chloride (0.6 mg. Fe), adjusted to pH 4.7-4.8 with KOH (3). The salts are recrystallized, usually three times. The water is three times distilled, the final distillation being in pyrex glass, and the 'solution in preparation and use is handled altogether in this glassware. The substitution of quartz Erlenmeyer flasks for pyrex made no change in the rate of growth of the plants. This medium has been used for the growth of Lemna minor by Ashby (1) at the University of London. Lemna has been found valuable for physiological experiments by Bottomley and Mockeridge in England, Olsen in Denmark, and by Saeger, Deuber, Wolfe, and others in this country.


This paper presents a new formulation for the preventive security-constrained unit commitment problem modeling N-k line outages and transmission losses. The pre- and post-contingency transmission constraints, representing N-k line outages, are explicitly included by using generalized generation distribution factors. To account for security, a contingency selection procedure based on line outage distribution factors finds a list of worst-case contingencies. Transmission losses are incorporated using piecewise linear expressions. The proposed model is formulated as an instance of mixed-integer linear programming. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is illustrated with the IEEE 57-bus system and the 1,354-bus portion of the European transmission system. As empirically evidenced, the explicit consideration of N-k line outages and transmission losses leads to different decisions in the generation scheduling and dispatch, ensuring secure power system operation.


Adam and Eve –who are the very first and the most attractive source that man and women, who would like to understand/depict each other, apply –are one of the common themes for many divine religions. Adam as the firs man and the first prophet and creation of Eve as his wife, "forbidden tree/fruit" that leads to Man's Fall from the Garden of Eden and the orijin of life on Earth have been mentioned in so many works. It is such a commenly used and loved theme in plastic arts such as painting, sculpting, miniatures, etce. And literature. In this article, Mark Twain's "Extracts From Adam's Diary" and "Eve's Diary" and Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar's "Âdem and Eve" tale have been examined. They dealt with men and women relationship with reference to the formation of love, their own amendments and comments in becoming the firs couple. The objective of this study is to give the efforts of human couple's understanding each other in authors' images rather than identifying their compatibility with the tales in Divine religions. As these are literary works, they are not retells of the tale of Genesis and the authors' own changes and comments are matters of question. The pieces have been examined under the subtitles of Garden of Eden, Creation of Eve, Being Equipped with Knowledge, Forbidden Tree, Fall from Eden, Being Able to be Adam and Eve. As a result, both of the two writers' great interest felt for the first man his wife is observed. They focus on Eve's effect on Adam. Even if there are some changes on Eve, mostly affected or changed one is Adam. The efforts of men and women to understand one another continue today as they continued in the past. Since this will last as long as the mankind exists. Adam and Eve will be a rich source that is appealed by artists.


Food contamination and food spoilage by bacterial organism s have always been a source of concern in human populations. Despite a diverse initial microbial population, bacterial spoilage of vacuum-packed chilled beef is mainly due to the growth of psychrotrophic bacteria. The study of the microflora of vacuum-packed chilled beef re mains a challenge since some members of the microflora may be missed or not identified by cultivation-b ased methods. INTRODUCTION


Interest in the production and potential of digital images has increased greatly in the past decade. The main goal of a CBIR application is to find an image or a set of images that satisfy a user's information need. This leads to the semantic gap problem, which is the difficulty of relating high level human interpretations with low-level recorded visual features. The synergy between ontology and region-based image annotations is possible to reduce the gap between image features and high-level semantics. Ontology query languages are used to retrieve information stored in ontologies. Unfortunately, users need to learn the syntax before being able to query using current ontology query languages. To overcome this problem, we present the Visual Ontology Query Language (VOQL) that interprets a visual image query into SPARQL. We show that VOQL can be used to retrieve desired images.


Objective To investigate the changes of interleukin 10(IL 10)and MPO and their relation in acute myocardial ischemia and reperfusion.Methods Sixty three rats were divided randomly into three groups,including 21 sample rats and 21 control rats who received i.v.bolus placebo,and 21 administration rats who received i.v.blous methylprednisolone before ischemia.The control and administration groups were subjected to myocardial ischemia ischemia and reperfusion.Plasma IL 10 was measured with ELISA at 0.5 hour after ischemia and 0.5 and 2 hours after reperfusion,meantime myocardial MPO were measured at respective time points.Results Serum concentration of IL 10 increased gradually after 0.5 hour of ischemia,and was significantly increased at 2 hours after reperfusion in both control and control and administration groups at 2 hours after myocardial reperfusion( P 0.01).Administration of methylprednisolone significantly increased IL 10 levels compared with that in control group at 0.5 to 2 hours after reperfusion.In the administration rats,the levels of MPO were significantly lower than those of control group( P 0.05).In addition,the expression of IL 10 negatively correlated with PRO( P 0.01).Conclusion The present findings indicated that IL 10 serves to protect the ischemia and reperfused myocardium by reducing production of MPO and mythylprednisolone enhance highly release of endogenous IL 10.


A new method of investigating piston ring friction in a firing engine is described. Preliminary results are presented for a spark ignition four-stroke 15 cm3 single cylinder engine. Tests were carried out on both a ringed and ringless version of the same engine. From the difference in b.m.e.p. between the engines, the ring friction could be deduced under firing conditions. This friction increased linearly with speed.


Prepared By: PENDO solutions Prepared For: Western Area Power Administration Date: May 2011 I Forest Service Reauthorization of Western's Transmission Lines in Colorado, Nebraska & Utah PROPOSED ACTION MAP WRNF-1 Project Area Locations Project Area County Stream Interstate US Highway State Highway Transmission Line United States Forest Service National Park Service Bureau of Land Management State Private Other White River National Forest


Input-output modeling and multiplier analysis are used to assess the linkages and coupling effects between pollution emissions and energy consumption of major industries in Taiwan. A set of air pollutant criteria, including SO], NO* and €62 are used as pollution indices to evaluate relationships between energy consumption and pollutant emission. Results indicate that energy consumption has strong coupling effects to intensify the level of air pollution. The sectors including road transportation, "other industrial chemicals", cement, paper, plastic materials, artificial fibers, non-metallic mineral products and steel are identified as the most significant industries causing serious air pollution in Taiwan. Therefore, energy efficiency and conservation programs should be enhanced for industries causing serious air pollution in Taiwan. Methods for doing this include: upgrading the industrial structure, improving industrial processes, strengthening energy management and providing technical assistance for better energy usage and environmental quality.


Morgan McGlone took a leap of faith and left Sydney for US, where he worked for a renowned chef in Nashville, Charleston learning the art of hot chicken


The filling of an enclosure by smoke generated by a diffusion flame was studied by measuring the smoke extinction coeffcient and temperature versus height during the filling process. Semi-quantitative agreement is found between the Bains-Turner theory and experiments with the burner located in the center of the room for heat fluxes over the range 11 to 32 KW. The filling process was found to be about twice as fast when the burner was moved off center. A novel technique for generating a thin smoke layer is described. Approximately 80% of the total heat generated by combustion was lost to the ceiling and walls. It was found that the conservation ratio of fuel to particulate is a non-linear function of fuel flow rate and that the shape of the curve is sigmoidal, which appears to be a common characteristics of sooting system.


ABSTRACT This article engages in a cultural study of refugee law "from below," that is, from the perspective of refugees. Bringing to bear insights from critical refugee studies, I argue that today's global refugee regime is a gatekeeping apparatus that protects Global North wealth and borders, though this function is masked by humanitarian narratives. UNHCR articles and Mohsin Hamid's novel Exit West, while contrasting examples, both demonstrate the fraught primacy of story in refugee law and politics. Refugee discourses proceed through navigational storytelling, as authors encounter, name, reframe, dodge, and challenge prevailing myths that paint the regime as care.


SIR,-Tbe article on severe toxic effects from amethocaine by Mr. C. A. Jackson (Jan. 15, p. 99) reminds me that I saw a similar case in 1938, in which convulsions followed the (traumatic) introduction of a bougie, 10 ml. of 2% amethocaine having been injected into the urethra. The convulsions were controlled by thiopentone; artificial respiration (by inflation with oxygen) had to be continued for 45 minutes before active respiration returned. For bronchoscopy I prefer cocaine solution (10 or 15%) to amethocaine, and I believe that the danger of reaction is negligible provided that the drug is restricted to the air passages and be not swallowed or injected into the tissues. I think it likely that this applies to amethocaine also. Mr. Jackson's cases seem to bear this out: in the second it is stated that 2 ml. were thought to have been swallowed; in the first it is not stated whether the tracheal injection was made per glottidem or by external puncture. In the latter case it is comparatively easy to be misled as to the site of the needle, for air will be obtained on aspiration if the needle be ill-fitting, an injection into the tissues resulting. In the former case, solution falling on the walls of the upper part of the larynx may be brought up by a cough'and swallowed. For this reason I always try to ensure that the solution be deposited well below the larynx : if per glottidem by a long catheter, if by external puncture by inserting the needle through the first or second ring of the trachea; injection at a higher point is made even more hazardous because the mucous membrane is separated from the cricothyroid membrane by areolar tissue, which increases the likelihood of injection into the tissues.-I am, etc.,


The unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) are used to investigate technology adoption. However, its application in Sub-Saharan Africa is rare and barely extended to the validation phase. In this paper, we introduce six new moderating factors for UTAUT core determinants and two other direct determinants of Internet adoption. The objective of this approach is to identify relevant elements of Internet adoption at the user level in The Gambia. Moderating factors are interacting terms used when the relationship between independent and dependent variable is weak, inconsistent or non-existent. A case study research design was employed and the data were gathered in Autumn of 2012. A total of 200 questionnaires were administered to randomly selected students from the University of the Gambia. The students represented all administrative regions of the country. Our results suggest that Internet adoption at the user level in The Gambia can be viewed as a three-layered pyramid. It consists of seven moderating factors (age, gender, experience, voluntary use, friends' influence, Internet service providers and regulators), four indirect determinants (performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence and facilitating conditions) and three direct determinants (education, behavioral intention and income). This paper proposes an Internet adoption framework. We recommend it to be tested and validated in other African countries in order to determine its applicability.


Assuming iota(1440) to be a glueball, it is shown that its exchange in the qq-bar system yields a potential that is negligible compared to the one-gluon-exchange part. This is because the glueball-quark coupling constant, deduced from experimental data, is only about a tenth of the fine-structure constant.


This chapter describes the issues surrounding the knowledge base, which forms the foundation for the intelligent agents for the proposed system. The subject areas of knowledge engineering and knowledge representation are introduced, and the issues of choosing a suitable method for acquiring knowledge as well as the choice of agent implementation language are investigated.


Background: The role of epac1, an exchange protein activated by cAMP, in melanoma migration is largely unknown. Heparan sulfate (HS), a major ECM, and syndecan2, a HS‐binding protein on the cell surface, play important roles in regulating such migration. Syndecan2, when activated, translocates to lipid‐rich plasma microdomains, known as lipid rafts. We thus examined the role of epac1 in HS production and syndecan2 translocation in melanoma migration.


nasopharynx. Trans. Amer. Laryng. Assoc. 75: 118, 1954. 15. Miller, George F.: Eustachean tube function in normal and diseased ears. Arch. Otorhinolaryngology 80: 41, 1965. 16. Norman, P. S. and Winkenwerder, W. L.: Suppression of hay fever with intranasal dexamethasone aerosol. J. Allerg. 23: 273, 1965. 17. Paparella, M. M. and Dito, W. R.: Enzyme studies in serous otitis media. Arch. Otorhinolaryngology 74: 393, 1964. 18. Perlman, H. B.: Problems in diagnosis and evaluation of treatment of chronic tubal obstruction.


This research aims to analyze the sixth semester students' pronunciation at University of Muhammadiyah Tangerang in Academic Year 2021/ 2022 in relation to English words which having vowels and diphthongs. This research is a kind of a qualitative research which designed through several stages, they are; the process of data collection, analyzing the gaining data, and interpreting the gaining data that has been analyzed. This research has selected 30 students to take part as respondents in this research. Simple random sampling has been used to select those 30 respondents who take part in this research. The results show that, there have been several issues which may be obstacles to students' pronunciation, especially to English words which having vowels and diphthongs sounds, they are: the effect of the first language, lack of awareness in phonemic symbols, miss-hearing the pronunciation features, and neurobiology of affective. However, in accordance with the issues related to students' pronunciation, there have been found several solution which may be value to overcome those issues mentioned, they are; creating own habit in English during daily communications, increasing awareness in phonemic symbols, increasing the level of activities in relation to listening which may be value to encourage awareness in hearing various pronunciation features. Keywords: Pronunciation, Vowels, and Diphthongs


Discussing upslope logging technology,equipment and workmanship which accord with the principle of ecological fell of forest,carrying out the economics analysis of experimental results of plantation,then the logging rations of light cableway is put forward


Background: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS), frequently considered to be an occupational disease, is difficult to diagnose because of the many additional factors which may mask its real symptoms. A significant part of differential diagnosis is to find a method that is adequately sensitive and noninvasive. Aim: Evaluation of selected muscles' bioelectrical activity in order to attain preliminary guidelines in a differential diagnosis of CTS. Material and Method: 30 patients with CTS after surgical carpal tunnel release and 15 healthy controls were examined. Thebioelectri+ cal activity of the cervical paraspinal muscles, sternocleidomastoideus, flexores carpi radialis and extensors carpi radialis longus were measured during cervical functional tests, and during a fatigue test for flexores carpi radialis and extensors carpi radialis longus. Results: In the cervical sequence test the correct asymmetrical activity pattern was observed in the control group during cervical rota+ tion and cervical flexion both in the sternocleidomastoideus and cervical paraspinal muscles. In CTS patients no significant difference (p>0,05) between the right and left sternocleidomastoideus was observed in cervical rotation and cervical flexion. In cervical paraspi+ nal there was no significant difference during rotation, but during the flexion activity of the right and left side muscles there was noted significant difference, though less than in the control group. After the fatigue test there was observed a significant increase in the CTS group and a significant decrease in the control group in extensors carpi radialis activity. Conclusion: Even if we are unable to unambiguously diagnose CTS symptoms using sEMG, the increased resting extensors carpi ra+ dialis bioelectrical activity observed after a fatigue test in CTS patients, yet decreased in the control group, allows us to suggest that the evaluation of muscles fatigue using sEMG is an appropriate method in the evaluation of muscle bioelectrical activity disorders.


Throughout the nineteenth century, tuberculosis (TB) killed more Americans than any other infectious disease.1 For much of this period, people regarded TB as an age-old, private malady caused largely by hereditary factors. only after German physician robert Koch's discovery of the TB bacillus in the 1880s did its image begin shifting into that of a modern, public scourge requiring medical intervention.2 This reconceptualization also reflected Americans' reactions to the modern forces transforming their physical and cultural landscape. Prominent citizens questioned whether unchecked immigration, industrialization, and urban development had compromised their nation's ability to compete for resources, defend its borders, or even reproduce effectively, triggering widespread fears of "race suicide."3 Tuberculosis, an infectious disease that saps the inner strength and vitality of its victims, embodied these fears perfectly. social anxiety, together with the fluid etiology of TB, created ideal conditions for associating tuberculosis with "new" immigrants — particularly eastern european Jews, whose urban backgrounds, indoor occupa-


The mechanical expansion reentry vehicle has become the focus of deep space exploration because of its good deceleration effect and high stability. However, due to its special aerodynamic shape, its surface heat flux characteristics are different from traditional reentry vehicles. In this paper, the Two-Temperature model is introduced to simulate heat flux distribution. The influence of different structure parameters and flight parameters on the flow field structure and surface heat flux is also analyzed. The research shows that the Two-Temperature model can improve the prediction accuracy and that the heat flux may peak at the both the head and shoulder of the vehicle. Structural parameters RB, RN, and θ have an obvious negative effect on QO. RB, RN, RR, and LZ have a negative correlation with QR. QR drops first and then rises as θ increases and RS decreases. Flight parameters Ma have a positive effect on QO and QR while H is negative; α makes the heat flux distribution asymmetric.


The aim of this study was the development of a model for evaluating dairy cow ration efficiency. This model took into account technical, metabolic, and economic parameters, which were divided into two main categories: input and output. Feeding (food administered and its nutritional characteristics) was considered as the input parameter. The output indicators were directly or indirectly correlated with feeding, and included: quality and quantity of milk, body condition score, live weight, reproductive parameters, incidence of animal diseases (laminitis), undigested fraction, fecal consistency, feed efficiency (FE), and income over feed cost (IOFC). The model was validated using ten dairy farms located in the northwest of Basilicata. The farms were divided into two groups (A and B) as a function of the urea level in bulk milk. In Group A, the urea level was between 25 and 31 mg/100 mL milk, whereas, in Group B, the range was 21-22.5 mg/100 mL milk. The model showed that the values of reproductive parameters were worse in Group A than in Group B. However, the Group A showed better milk qualitative and quantitative characteristics, such as a high average production per head (28.15 vs 26.93 kg), and a high fat (3.92 vs 3.71%) and protein (3.53 vs 3.37%) content of bulk milk. Moreover, the highest values of FE (1.45 vs 1.35 kg milk/kg dry matter) and IOFC (6.07 vs 5.32 €) were found in Group A. The model clearly showed that the administration of unbalanced rations, based on the physiological stage of the animals, negatively affected both the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of milk, as well as the reproductive performances. The administration of unbalanced rations for the energy/protein content caused dysmetabolic syndromes, which led to a reduction of both FE and IOFC. This, ultimately, caused a fall in the overall farm profitability.


drug having ABSTRACT The Objective of present work is to develop a Solid Self Emulsifying Drug Delivery System (S-SMEDS) of poorly water soluble drug Nitrofurantoin (NFT). Nitrofurantoin is antibiotic or antimicrobial drug belongs to BCS Class II drug, having half-life 20 minutes. For formulation; solubility of NFT was determined in oil, surfactant and co-surfactant. The final components of micro-emulsion were found to be Cinnamon oil, Tween 20 as surfactant and PEG400 as a co-surfactant. Pseudoternary phase diagram NFT loaded micro-emulsion were prepared and optimized by using design of Experiments (DOE). By considering 2 factor globule size and emulsification time the 9 formulations were prepared. Batch No. 5 was selected on the basis of optimization of globule size 0.492 and emulsification time 75sec. According to the design of experiments, probability plots, pounter plots, pormal probability, Response surface plot 3D response curve it was observed that with increase in ratio of surfactant to co-surfactant and emulsification time leads to decrease in particle size. Formulated NFT SMEDDS was characterized for the various tests followed by formulated liquid microemulsions was converted into solid by Adsorption technique by using Neusilin US2. Solid SMEDDS formulation was tested for various test including FTIR DSC study and XRD study. Results showed that drug releases from S-SMEDDS formulation were found to be significantly higher compared to pure Nitrofurantoin. Stability study results showed that S-SMEDDS was found to stable. Thus study concluded that S-SMEDDS provides good solubility, dissolution rate and stability than Nitrofurantoin.


Current high-speed communication systems, whether wireless or wired, demand every electric components to realize high performances in wider bandwidth at higher higher frequency band in order to achieve still higher communication capacity and quality. Accurate dielectric constant (Dk) and loss tangent (Df) from DC to millimeter wave band over 110 GHz now become the critical information for circuit designers. In addition, by improving the estimation accuracy of device characteristics at the design stage, the development cycle can be shortened, which is effective in reducing costs. Therefore, the exact Dk and Df values are also quite important information for the designers in this regard as well. Under these circumstances, almost all companies supplying laminate materials used in printed circuit boards (PCBs) and integrated circuit packages provide their Dks and Dfs in various frequency bands. However, Dks and Dfs, and their effective values of circuits, are extracted according to different measurement methods, and they have different definitions. This situation sometimes can cause problems for circuit designers. For example, they are easily getting in lost in choosing which Dk and Df is adequate for the accurate simulation that well reproducing the actual device performances at each design stage, such as, transmission line design, selection of electronic materials, design of devices and modules, etc. To reduce these issues, in this white paper we will clarify the measurement methods and the definitions for the Dk and Df over 10 GHz that we are providing, and will give precautions on their usages. In particular, we will quantitatively discuss the definition of effective dielectric constant, the difference in the effective dielectric constants arisen from the difference in its definition, and errors due to the measurement methods.


LetΩ∈Cn be a bounded starlike circular domain with 0∈Ω. In this paper, we introduce a class of holomorphic mappings Mg onΩ. Let f(z) be a normalized locally biholomorphic mapping onΩsuch that Jf-1(z)f(z)∈Mg and z=0 is the zero of order k + 1 of f(z)-z. We obtain the growth and covering theorems for f(z). Especially, as corollaries, we unify and generalize many known results. Moreover, in view of proofs of corollaries, the essential relations among the subclasses of starlike mappings are shown.


Thecommunication process inspread spectrum andCDMA likesystems requires PN families withgood correlation properties. Theresearch activity inthisarea wasstimulated andmanysuchfamilies weredeveloped: m- sequences, Gold,KasamiorOVSF (Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor) codes. Someofthemhavebeenchosen to implement WCDMA mechanisms because theyfulfill the requirements ofgoodcorrelation and autocorrelation properties. Spreading datarequests goodcrosscorrelation properties inordertoavoidtheinterference amongusers thatareaccessing thesystemresources atthesametime. The scrambling process requires sequences withgood autocorrelation properties toensure aproperidentification ofdifferent network entities: mobile station orbasestation. Thispaperdeals withanewmethodbasedongenetic algorithms thatcanbe usedtoidentify PN sequences families withgoodcorrelation properties adequate for WCDMA systems. Using aGoldcodes-like mechanism, the family membersareobtained bymodulo2adding thefirst sequence withtheshifted replicas ofthesecond one.


Abstract : Several Kalman filter designs are developed as possible candidates for implementation in a air defense fire control computer. The designs differ primarily in the model of the target motion. The effectiveness of each design is assessed by driving each filter with real aircraft data. A candidate filter is proposed for air defense implementation which offers simplicity, ease of implementations, and relatively high accuracy in the state estimates. (Author)


【Multiple ejaculates were collected from four male mongrel dogs. The second fraction and the small volume of third fraction from the ejaculates were divided and treated as follows : control; addition of the egg-yolk Tris extender to the semen at $37^{\circ}C$ . group I; Removal of seminal plasma, group II; addition of the glycerolated extender at $4^{\circ}C$ , group III Removal of seminal plasma and addition of glycerolated extender at $4^{\circ}C$ . The semen cooled to $4^{\circ}C$ was equlibrated for 2hrs and preserved in refrigerator at $4^{\circ}C$ . The preserved semen was evaluated for kinetics, morphology, motility and thermoresistance daily for 3 days. 1. The kinectics after preserved days 2 and 3 of group I was significantly higher than that of control(p $37^{\circ}C$ , the motility of four groups was declined at similar rates. There was no effect of removal of seminal plasma and glycerol addition on thermoresistance.】


The invention discloses a bamboo basket with a drying function. The bamboo basket comprises a bamboo basket body and one or more bamboo poles, wherein the bamboo basket body is internally provided with a storage cavity; each bamboo pole is a tubular piece which is internally hollow, and the side wall of each bamboo pole is provided with a plurality of ventilation holes; meanwhile, each bamboo pole is further internally provided with a heating device; the two ends of the interior of each bamboo pole are detachably provided with electric fans which can blow air into the bamboo pole; and each heating device is located between the two corresponding electric fans. When the bamboo basket is wetted by rainwater or touches water, the heating devices can be connected with an external power source, at the moment, the heating devices can continuously heat air in the bamboo poles into hot air, then the hot air in the bamboo poles is blown out through the fans to heat and dry the bamboo basket body, thus, the bamboo basket can be rapidly dehumidified and kept dry, then the situation that the bamboo basket is moldy or decayed and damaged when in a humid state for a long time is avoided, and the effect that the bamboo basket can be firm and durable for a long time is ensured.


OBJECTIVE:To optimize the clarifying technology of water extract of Vernonia anthelmintica Willd..METHODS:The clarifying conditions of water extract of Vernonia anthelmintica Willd.were optimzed by orthogonal test design with the contents of the extract and those of Butin and Total flavonoids in the extract as indexes for the grading.RESULTS:The optimal clarifying procedure was as follows:the adding sequence of ZTC1+1 natural clarifying agents was 0.5%(g·mL-1)B solution preceded 1.0%(g·mL-1)A solution;the optimal amount for B solution was 2.0%(V/V)as against 0.5%(V/V)for A solution;the reaction temperatures solution and A solution were(80±1)℃ and(60±1)℃,respectively,with a reaction time of 2 hours for both.CONCLUSION:The clarifying technology of Vernonia anthelmintica Willd.was simple and feasible,which serves as a theoretical basis for the practical production.


In this paper, the effects of raw materials selection, materials treatment, yeast strains, fermenting mode, fermenting conditions, aging conditions, and clarification conditions on the quality of product red jujube wine were elaborated, the current situations of red jujube wine production were introduced, and the development foreground of red jujube wine was described.


Bougainvillea Parade - Top End Folk Club float consisted of the papier mache replica of the Gun Turret. L-R: Ruth Dickson, Chris (Pugsley) Holleley, unknown, Smokey, unknown, Paul Smokey, Vic and Anne Stevens.


Exploring Tech Careers 2006. New York, NY: Infobase Publishing 912 pages in two volumes, $125.00, Hardback Intended Audience(s): B, C, F, G, H, I Major Headings from the Table of Contents: Includes an Introduction and 114 chapters of 7 to 8 pages each. Each chapter discusses a single occupational title. The chapters cover a very wide range of technical and paraprofessional jobs. Of the occupations discussed, 88 require only an associate degree or other formal post secondary training and 17 of the occupations listed require only a high school diploma and on-the-job-training or apprenticeships. Occupations in the book include such diverse career fields as agriculture, automotive technology, communications, computer technology, electronics, engineering, entertainment, environmental protection, forestry, and health care. Specific chapter titles are listed in the closing paragraph of this review. How Is the Book Most Useful for Its Intended Audience? Each chapter has 10 major subheadings that give people considering career choices important information about the occupation being discussed. The subsections titled What is it like to be a [Occupational Title]? comprise an interesting career profile of a person who is working in the field that gives the reader a first-hand account of the professionalis work life. Indexes link the listed occupations to the Dictionary of Occupational Titles (DOT), the Guide for Occupational Exploration (GOE), the National Occupational Classification System (NOC), and the Occupational Information Network (O*NET) Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) System. Sidebars or text boxes contain eye-catching summaries of information detailed in the text. The Top Five Things You Learned from Reading this Book: The number of career fields and variety of respectable well-paid occupations available to persons with less than a baccalaureate degree The duties and responsibilities of a Cytotechnologist and a Histologie Technician The differences between a Quality Assurance Technician and a Quality Control Technician You can become a Computer Programmer with just an associate degree. It only requires a high school diploma and some on-the-job training to become a Dialysis Technician, Forensic Technician, Optics Technician, or a Soil Conservation Technician. [Before reading these chapters I assumed that an associate degree or post-secondary certificate would be the minimum educational requirement.] Every high school and community college career resource library should include this set. Do not be fooled by the title. When I agreed to review Exploring Tech Careers, I was expecting a book about careers in electronics, computer science, and engineering-careers that usually require baccalaureate or higher degrees at the entry level. …


A graphic and integrative program for fault analysis and protection setting is introduced,which takes database as its core,and applies advanced visual programming,OOP and modularization technologies.The overall SW architecture and the function models are expatiated.


Introducing a new hobby for other people may inspire them to join with you. Reading, as one of mutual hobby, is considered as the very easy hobby to do. But, many people are not interested in this hobby. Why? Boring is the reason of why. However, this feel actually can deal with the book and time of you reading. Yeah, one that we will refer to break the boredom in reading is choosing modern indian mysticism commentary on western response to radhasoami faith 1st published as the reading material.


Critical illnesses associate with alteration in metabolic status. Insulin resistance and enhanced blood glucose levels occur during stressful situations, such as acute illnesses. These disturbances associate with poor prognostic events. Intensive insulin therapy and maintaining normoglycemia reduce the morbidity and mortality rate in critically ill patients. We aim to give an overview of the current insights in hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in critical illnesses. A search of the literature was conducted using Pubmed articles in English. Most of the recent and relevant articles were studied, reviewed and summarized with categorization of causes, pathophysiology and adverse events. To introduce better conception regarding stress-induced hyperglycemia and its management, the most viable mechanisms and therapeutic goals are discussed. Hyperglycemia and insulin resistance are common in critically ill patients, particularly in trauma, postmyocardial infarction, following major surgery and among those with sepsis. These complications occur in patients with or without a history of diabetes. Multiple pathogenic mechanisms, such as increased release of proinflammatory cytokines and counterregulatory hormones, have been suggested. The resulting metabolic alteration is associated with significant adverse events and poor prognostic outcomes. Strict glycemic control and intensive insulin therapy could improve the survival rate in critically ill patients. Tight glycemic control by intensive insulin therapy has a pivotal role in the treatment of such patients. Every medication or intervention that could prevent the inflammatory process and insulin resistance might be considered as therapeutic strategies for the improvement of critically ill patients with acute hyperglycemia.


The requirement on spatial resolution of a large solar telescope is frequently based on the assumption that the smallest observable features in the solar photosphere could not be much dierent from a photon mean free path due to smoothing by radiative transfer. Although hydrodynamic simulations show that much smaller structures should exist, a resolution of the order of 100 km is typically considered sucient for observations in the photosphere. We performed 2D non-LTE radiative transfer computations for thin flux sheets with widths ranging from 10 to 160 km in the solar photosphere. We demonstrate that such small structures { should they exist { could be observed as small scale variations of intensity and polarization. We conclude that the size limit below which photospheric structure cannot be observed due to smoothing radiative transfer eects must lie well below 10 km. A spatial resolution limit for telescopes based on photon mean free path arguments should therefore be abandoned.


The development of a new product requires the continuous collection, communication and analysis of information internal and external to a firm. Whether formal control procedures are the most effective method of collecting and communicating this information, however, is a topic of ongoing debate. This research describes new product development control practices and examines the relationships between the method of control (i.e. formal or informal) and innovation success in thirty-three North American technology-based companies. Results indicate that companies using formal control procedures view their methods as more successful, are more satisfied and define success more stringently than firms using informal methods of control.


The objective of the current study was to clarify the role of 'Rabbani' to establish a balance of sustainable development in Terengganu political leadership, Malaysia. We propose Rabbani political leadership as a task of bridging the understanding of sustainable development in harmony that may influence followers to manage the development in political workplace. It then explores the underlying reason for the mobilisation of sustainable social development. This study classified as a fieldwork study based in Terengganu, Malaysia. The obtained data were analysed systematically according to selected themes. The argument constructed into the following stages, namely an overview of Islamic principles in setting an identity of Islam as the way of life, proposing unity as the foundation of a harmonious life in which the whole life system as a response to having a holistic development as a catalyst of progress. This study was able to benefit the local community of Terengganu and also amongst the rulers and politicians in order to understand and applying the value of Rabbani political leadership quality for the sake of better social lifestyle. Rabbani political leadership in the state of Terengganu could be one of the models that cover three types of political leadership work ethics in Islamic principles namely; building identity that Islam is the way of life; proposing unity ass the foundation of a harmonious life; and a holistic development as a catalyst of progress.

Received: 24 March 2021 / Accepted: 8 July 2021 / Published: 5 September 2021


People always communicate to make relationships with others. Some way they do this is to make the other understand what the speaker means. Therefore, the speaker uses code-mixing and code-switching to make the listener understand. The purpose of code-mixing and code-switching is to make the utterance more communicative, and more friendly to show the master can speak more than two languages. In this research, the subject is students from the English Department at Tidar University in Indonesia and the International Business China Program Faculty of International Studies at Prince of Songkla University in Thailand. This research used a descriptive qualitative method in which the researchers describe the form, the types, and the reason for code-mixing and code-switching in an educational conversation by students from the English Department Tidar University in Indonesia and International Business China Program Faculty of International Studies Prince of Songkla University in Thailand. All of the students in daily life use code-mixing and code-switching to communicate with others or their lecturers because they are from the English Department and International Program where all of the lectures are taught in English. The types of code mixing such as insertion, alternation, and congruent lexicalization based on Singh and Sachan (2017), while types of code-switching are intra-sentential, inter-sentential, and tag switching based on Ansar (2017). The researchers also found some factors related to Hudson (1980) such as social factors, cultural factors, and individual factors. In a nutshell, as stated from the data analysis, numerous code-mixing and code-switching used by these students in their daily life, it helps them to understand and simplify communication.


A layer system spray coated including a nickel nitrated and unoxidized or a layer of nickel LOCATED BETWEEN TWO LAYERS IF {SUB, 3} N {SUB, 4} OF NECESSARY THICKNESS AND USED FOR SUBSTRATE GLASS ARCHITECTURAL AND AUTOMOTIVE TO BE TREATED thermally have features {DE} E LOW ENOUGH TO MAKE customizable products BETWEEN HEAT TREATED AND NON-tHERMALLY COATING HAVING THE SAME THEREIN.


Considerable amounts of gas daily gain access to the lumen of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, although normally, at any one time, only small volumes are present in the stomach and the colon. It has been estimated that in health 1,000-1,500 cc of gas daily may leave the body as flatus without causing any significant symptom~. ' -~ Three source categories of gas that may be found in the GI lumen have been implicated with respect to symptomatology associated with gas. Air, as a major source, normally is acquired with ingestion of food, imbibition of liquids (especially carbonated beverages), and deglutition of ~ a l i v a . ~ I ~ Air may also gain access by the relaxation, often involuntary and associated with anxiety states, of the superior esophageal sphincter, assisted by respiratory pressure differential~.'~-~' In "beer pourers" and "sword swallowers," this sphincter may be voluntarily relaxed. A second source gas is carbon dioxide, which may arise intraluminally from the interaction between acidic gastric effluent and salivary, biliary, and pancreatic bicarbonates, or the action of intestinal flora on certain substrates.13J8 Third among these sources are the fermentative gases such as hydrogen, methane, and hydrogen sulfide. These arise either from abnormal intestinal flora or from bacterial action on partially digested substrates in the colon.1g Symptoms of eructation, gastric or abdominal distention, flatulence, and pain occur when the acquisition of abnormal amounts of intraluminal gas exceeds the means of elimination of these gases, or when "normal" amounts of acquired gas cannot be eliminated with sufficient rapidity because of malfunction in the handling mechanisms. Information regarding the major sources of gas must be correlated with major symptoms if an intelligent approach to alleviation of the causes of "gaseousness" is to be achieved. In order to secure meaningful information regarding the major source gases and transit motility in a particular subject, the Oxygen Transit Time ( O m ) evaluation was developed.20 The information from the OTT, as well as from ancillary evaluations of GI function (gastric analysis, hormone-stimulated duodenal drainage, carmine marker passage, stool analysis and excretion rate, and colonic rectosigmoid motility) when related with symptomatology, permits the elucidation of several clinical syndromes correlatable on certain pathophysiological bases. The present paper is an essai at summarizing our current thinking on gas syndromes of clinical significance.


Most of the Indian population i.e. 23.6% or about 276 million people are below the poverty line with below $1.25per day purchasing power. As most of the people of India still reside in a rural area with a lack of facilities. Most of the CSR activities done create support to these rural communities and urban poor to develop economically. The major credit for women empowerment in rural areas should be given to SHG's which not only provide employment opportunities but also provide skill development. Majorly this SHG's are started either by Governmental Organizations or Non-Governmental Organization. Some of the SHG's are started and support by Corporates through their CSR activities which majorly focus on women empowerment as it's a need for the power to empower women in the country. At Jindal Stainless Limited. (JSL) CSR activities are taken as opportunities to give back to society in every way possible. JSL through its various CSR projects which mainly includes: a) Health Care b) Education and Vocational Training c) Women Empowerment and d) Rural Development Their other project also focuses on preservation of art and culture, Human rights, Disaster Management etc. Our project mainly aimed at women empowerment through Self-Help Groups i.e. SHG's. ASMITA and SAHAJA are the major projects focused on women empowerment by JSL. The research focuses on the impact and growth of women in ASMITA. This research is mostly based on a depth interview done on convenience bases. To know the socio-economic condition of women residing and working in SHG's i.e. in ASMITA. This research helps to know various aspect especially of SHG's on the life of women who are a part of it. It helps us to understand the need and impact of these SHG's on the life of participating women.


The study was conducted on the effect of rhizobium inoculation to alfalfa cultivars with different levels of root regeneration ability(RRA). It was shown that the higher the level of RRA was, the more significant the difference between the treatment of taproot cutting and the control for cultivars grown under greenhouse conditions. Cutting taproot could effectively induce the production of secondary roots, increase the number of nodules formed, and hence stimulate the development of crown. Under the field conditions, on the other hand, the higher the level of RRA was, the more significant the difference shown between the treatments with and without inoculation. Among the seven cultivars studied, Naiyan, Deguo and Wudi showed the best effect of inoculation; Baoding and Bilu were ranked the next; and Longdong and Tongxin were the last. Significant positive correlation was observed between the greenhouse and the field treatments for cultivars Wudi and Longdong.


Hereby, the convergence acceleration of two-dimensional trigonometric inter- polation for a smooth functions on a uniform mesh is considered. Together with theoretical estimates some numerical results are presented and discussed that reveal the potential of this method for application in image processing. Experiments show that suggested al- gorithm allows acceleration of conventional Fourier interpolation even for sparse meshes that can lead to an e-cient image compression/decompression algorithms and also to applications in image zooming procedures.


Background Non-infectious aortitis associated with polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) is a rare entity (1). Sometimes the conventional immunosuppressive therapy is not enough, forcing us to find new therapeutic options (2,3). We present our experience in a local hospital. Objectives To evaluate symptoms, clinic, diagnosis and therapeutic options. Methods During the years 2010–2015 we search for patients diagnosed with PMR which at the same time were diagnosed with non infectious aortitis. Their medical records were reviewed and the following data were collected: initial clinical diagnosis, diagnosis method used, time elapsed since the onset of symptoms to diagnosis, ESR and CRP at diagnosis and after the use of treatment. Results 5 patients were found: 4 women and 1 man. The average age onset of initial symptoms was 67.2 (74–58) years and the average delay in the diagnosis of the disease was 26 (1–50) months. The most common onset clinic was classic PMR symptom. Patients 2, 3, 4 and 5 also showed parietooccipital or parietal headache. Other symptoms were lower limb claudication, temporomandibular joint pain, dyspnea, fatigue and pseudofibromyalgia. All patients underwent temporal artery biopsy. In patient 5 bilateral temporal artery biopsy was performed. The definitive diagnosis test was PET (4). In patient 2 PET was compatible with aortitis being angioMRI negative. The average ESR at the beginning and after the treatment was 87.4 (114–65) and 10.2 (15.6) respectively. The initial and final average CRP (mg /dL) was 8.03 (14.54–1.86) and 1.2 (3 to 0.5) respectively. All patients underwent autoimmune analytical battery, being this study negative. 1,2,3 and 4 patients performed concomitant weekly methotrexate (MTX) with maximum dose of 25 mg weekly sc. Patients 1 and 5 made concomitant treatment with steroids and azathioprine at doses of 100 and 150 mg daily, respectively. Patients 1,2,3 and 5 were treated with tozilizumab which was well tolerated and without adverse effects to date. The average time from diagnosis of the disease until the start of treatment was 9.75 months (2,3). Patient 4 at the time of publication of these data remained asymptomatic with weekly MTX 15 mg sc and 5 mg of prednisone. Conclusions Non-infectious aortitis associated with PMR may go unnoticed due to high variability of presentation. This can make, sometimes, a delayed diagnosis (1). PET seems to be a good tool for the diagnosis (4) and tozilizumab seems to be a suitable treatment for those patients refractory to steroids and DMARDs (2,3). More patients are needed to generalize these data. References Non-infectious aortitis: a report of 32 cases from a single tertiary centre in a 4-year period and literature review. Loricera J, Blanco R, et al. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2015 Mar-Apr;33(2 Suppl 89):S-19–31. Tocilizumab in refractory aortitis: study on 16 patients and literature review. Loricera J, Blanco R, et al. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2014 May-Jun;32(3 Suppl 82):S79–89. Biologic therapy in ANCA-negative vasculitis. Loricera J, Blanco R, et al. Int Immunopharmacol. 2015 Aug;27(2):213–9. (18)F-FDG PET/CT for the detection of large vessel vasculitis in patients with polymyalgia rheumatica. Lavado-Perez C, Martinez-Rodriguez I, et al. Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol. 2015 Sep-Oct;34(5):275–81. Disclosure of Interest None declared


Semi circled energy factor (SCEF) is the very important image quality criterion of point spread function (PSF) of an asymmetrically apodized optical system. Semi circled energy functions of rotationally asymmetric, aberration free optical systems apodized with complex pupil filters have been obtained. We have understood semi circled energy of the asymmetric PSF as point-image quality assessment parameter. The optimum values of asymmetric apodization at which the semi circled energy is maximum have also been computed. The asymmetry in the total energy has been found to increase with the degree of asymmetric apodization


Fine reservoir description has proposed in the 1990 and developed gradually. Its main purpose is to crarry out exquisite research on geological characteristics of reservoir and description of production performance feature with the exploitation degree and production performance datum increase, and finally offers the 3D visualization、digital and the predict geological model to reservoir.


For a 6-ODF manipulator, in order to solve the problem that the result of kinematics analysis is difficult to verify and the cost of the demonstration is high on the machine entity, a 3D simulation software is developed based on OpenGL and Qt on VS2008 IDE. A modularized method of 3D modeling for a 6-DOF manipulator is presented it has the advantage of flexibility and expandability. The result shows that this software can simulate well the movement of manipulator, it plays an important role in the research and teaching for manipulator.


David Gauthier's Morals by Agreement presents a partial theory of distributive justice. It is partial because it applies only to the distribution of gains from joint endeavors, or what we may call the 'social surplus' from cooperation. This surplus is the benefit we receive from cooperation insofar as this is greater than what we might have produced through individual efforts without interaction with others. The central core of Gauthier's theory of distributive justice is his bargaining theory of 'minimax relative concession' or MRC. Whether his theory is compelling turns essentially on whether MRC is workable and compelling. It is this issue that I wish to address.


The complex ways in which English for Academic Purposes (EAP) practitioners articulate their professional identity have recently been called into question (Ding & Bruce, 2017; Campion, 2016). In the absence of an extensive range of teacher preparation options specifically tailored to those seeking to enter the profession, EAP instructors often begin teaching on academic literacy or university preparation programmes such as pre-sessionals with a general language teaching qualification such as a DELTA (Martin, 2014). This sometimes presents undue challenges for those entering classrooms targeting English language use in specific academic disciplines where the focus is on English for Specific Academic Purposes (ESAP) in areas such as business, humanities and sciences. Here, the basis upon which language pedagogy is applied in such circumstances would be conditioned by the transfer of knowledge about teaching and learning in general ELT and general academic English (EGAP) classrooms to an ESAP context. However, with prevailing research in EAP still focuses predominantly on academic discourse and the linguistic dimensions of academic publications or the "what" of EAP, far less is known about the "how" of EAP in relation to learners and teaching in the classroom (Todd, 2003).


This volume of the Journal of the Siam Society is the last publi.;ation of the Prachandra Printing Press. . The Prachandra Printing Press will cease its activities on 16 February 1985. Due to time constraint and the need for the Press to complete its accounts in time for the 1984-1985 tax-year, it was not possible to include the 19831984 Annual Reports in this volume. The said Reports will be published in a subsequent volume of the JSS.


A study performed on acute hepatitis affected subjects (patients) caused by virus B, is presented. Seventeen patients separated in two groups were treated for same: A) (10) positiveness of reply marker in serum, and negative for spittle. B) (7) positiveness of reply marker in serum and spittle. Above said was determined throughout DNA molecular hybrid of VHB in serum and spittle. For group B patients, detecting this marker positiveness of 71.5% patients in serum and none in spittle.