Following the white paper on innovative approaches for designing and analyzing adaptive dose-ranging trials (Bornkamp et al. 2007), the PhRMA working group on adaptive dose ranging created three work streams: new adaptive design and methods, value of exposure-response modeling, and impact of dose selection in clinical development program success. In brief, the first work stream investigates the impact of allocation rules via responseadaptive scheme mostly using a Bayesian framework or an equivalent of the up-and-down approach based on the efficacy endpoint alone. The response-adaptive allocation is applied to the design-adaptive and model-adaptive approaches. The second work stream evaluates the value of exposure-response modeling in dose-response characterization and dose selection, and quantifies the potential gains. The third work stream studies the impact of dose selection in Phase II on the probability of success of the Phase III program and the expected net present value of the compound for an intended indication. A series of research work is published on the three work streams in this issue, e.g., Dragalin et al. (2010) and Antonijevic et al. (2010). Pinheiro et al. 2010 gives the executive summary on the adaptive and model-based dose-ranging trials, a quantitative evaluation and highlights the key findings from the three work streams. In this commentary, I explore the magnitude of bias and the direction of bias of treatment effect estimates using the frequentist framework. 2. A Frequentist Framework of Response-Adaptive Allocation


There are a large number of archaeological sites in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, and each of them has its own importance, but many of them have not been excavated yet, except for a small part of them, where many artifacts were found, but they have not been artistically analyzed or aesthetically read, That's why the two researchers considered this research necessary, which aims to identify the aesthetic and functional features of pottery statues of archaeological sites in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. This research, It consists of four chapters, chapter one is the definition of research: search problem, importance of search, search objectives, search boundaries consisting of time limits and search location, The second chapter consists of two sections: the first is a study on the history of the emergence of the art of pottery in the civilization of Mesopotamia, and the second is a summary of the intellectual sources of plastic forms in archaeological sites in Kurdistan. In the third chapter, the two researchers took some samples from the statues located within the area of the research, and they were analyzed according to the descriptive analysis method. As a result, the two researchers reached in the last chapter researchers reached a message from those who made pottery statues, especially in the Assyrian and Khoury periods, where their aesthetics and functions appeared in pottery sculptures in the structures, techniques and methods of their manufacture. The search ends with a list of used sources.


Recent studies show that sublingual microcirculation is altered in patients resuscitated from CA. The objective of this study was to investigate whether the cerebral microcirculation is disturbed in the early post‐resuscitation period.


This study aims  to  see  the  role  of communication  and  agreeableness  towards  co-parenting in mixed couple. There are 3 hypothesis presented in this study to see the role of communication and agreeableness towards co-parenting in mixed couple. The result of this study is that communication and agreeableness contributed significantly towards co-parenting in mixed couple. This study was conducted on 41 mixed couple or 82 people in total. This study use quantitive method with correlational design. The result of multiple regression test showed  that  communication  and  agreeableness  contributed significantly to co-parenting (F= 28,664; p < 0,05). The result of multiple regression also showed that communication and  agreeableness  contributed  respectively  to  co-parenting.  Communication contributed higher than agreeableness, and that is 38,7% (R2= 0,387; p < 0,05). While agreeableness contributed 3,4% (R2= 0,034; p < 0,05).


Nowadays, in the age of rapid introduction of digital and fiber-optic technologies in neurosurgery, a technique for removal of tumors in the chiasmatic-sellar area via an endoscopic transsphenoidal endonasal approach is actively developed; this technique is considered less invasive and is well tolerated by patients, thus permitting to operate patients with somatic complications, as well as the elderly. Taking into account these facts, as well as world statistic data indicating a continuous trend of population aging in developed countries, including Russia, optimization of the perioperative care of elderly patients with a tumor of the chiasmatic-sellar area becomes the problem of highest priority. In order to solve it, this review discusses the basic peculiarities of the perioperative management of elderly patients (characteristics of their somatic status and possible variants of the pre-operational state) with a pathology in the chiasmatic-sellar region; it also presents the modern and most acceptable alternative solutions of this difficult problem (introduction of modern methods of anesthesia, management of the postoperative cognitive dysfunction, postoperative pain syndrome, and postoperative nausea and vomiting).


Shadowgraphs of five space shuttle launch configurations are presented. The model was a 4 percent-scale space shuttle vehicle, tested in the 11- by 11-foot Transonic Wind Tunnel at Ames Research Center. The Mach number was varied from 0.8 to 1.4 with three angles of sideslip (0 deg, 5 deg and -5 deg) that were used in conjunction with three angles of attack (4 deg, -4 deg, and 0 deg). The model configurations included both series-burn and parallel-burn configurations, two canopy configurations, two positions of the orbiter nose relative to the HO tank nose, and two HO tank nose-cones angles (15 deg and 20 deg). The data consist entirely of shadowgraph photographs.


The present study was designed to determine the comparison in the degree of occupational stress as experienced by married and unmarried working women in insurance sector. This present study provides valuable information about the stress levels of both groups of respondents. It also discovers the main causes of women's occupational stress. The main aim of this study to measure the influence of marital status on occupational stress among insurance employees. The data were gathered from 100 working women. For this purposes a structured questionnaire was designed to collect the information and statistical tool was applied on the data.


Stability data tested at 25°C may not be suitable for use in the tropics in the home intravenous infusions (Home‐IV) setting. A 24‐h solution temperature profile is needed to investigate medication stability in this setting.


Due to an ageing population, acetabular fractures in the elderly are on the rise. Management of this group of patients remains controversial, especially as it is associated with high morbidity and mortality. With an ageing population, there will be an increasing trend in low energy associated acetabular fractures. We present the largest cohort of operatively treated acetabular geriatric patients in the UK, comparing complications and mortality, and also comparing them to patients with neck of femur fractures.

 A review of a prospectively collected acetabular database was conducted. All patients over the age of 60 that had an operative fixation for an acetabular fracture from 2015 to 2020 were identified. Demographic data, operative details and complications were recorded. We cohort-matched these patients with neck of femur fractures during the same period to compare patient outcomes and cohort demographics.

 204 patients were included in the study. The mean age was 76. The most common mechanism of injury was a fall from less than 1 metre (64%). The mean length of stay for acetabular fractures was 25 days. In-hospital mortality was 3% and 10% for acetabular fractures and neck of femur fractures respectively.

 There is little difference in demographic information between geriatric acetabular fractures and neck of femur fractures. Operatively treated geriatric acetabular fractures are associated with greater length of stay than neck of femur fractures.


This paper presents a novel way to derive the analytical expression of the reaction torque acted on the satellite base's centroid firstly. The reaction torque is acted as the optimization index to achieve the satellite base disturbance minimization in this paper. The null-space based solution and Lagrange multipliers based solution are utilized to solve the reaction torque plus joint torque minimization of redundant free-floating space robot. Besides, a special discretization strategy is utilized to obtain a low-level servo loops control laws which can also achieve reaction torque plus joint torque minimization. Thus this strategy can transform the acceleration level control scheme for multi-dynamics task optimization into the velocity level control scheme. A set of numerical experiments of a 7 DOF redundant free-floating space robot based on a simulation system under Matlab/Simulink verify the validity and feasibility of the proposed algorithm.


The behavioural traits – hand clasping, arm folding, tongue rolling, leg folding and dominant eye among the Kaibartas of Assam, India have been studied. The frequency of R-type of +ve type of the five traits was a little higher among females than the males but in no case was sexual dimorphism statistically significant. Inter groups variability have also been made and Kaibartas show more closeness to groups with Caucasoid affinities than those with the Mongoloid affinities.


Silver nanoparticles or Ag-Nanoparticles (AgNPs), which exhibit antimicrobial and biomedical activities, have many benefits in the health sector. AgNPs can be prepared using chemicals such as sodium borohydride (NaBH4). The green synthesis of AgNPs is an environmentally friendly alternative and is cost-effective. Capsicum annuum L. combined with saffron extract was used to synthesize the AgNPs. The biosynthesis, characterization, and antibacterial activity of AgNPs were studied in this study. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized by UV-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, Fourier-transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and particle size analysis (PSA). The formation of AgNPs was confirmed by optical performance using UV-VIS spectroscopy, which showed a peak of AgNPs at 407 nm. Capsicum annuum L. combined with saffron extract containing C-H, C-N, and C=O groups. Particle size was characterized using PSA, measuring 37.74 nm with an average SD ±22.10. Capsicum annuum L. combined with the saffron extract showed effective antibacterial activity.
 Keywords: Green Synthesis, AgNPs, Capsicum annuum L, Saffron


Aims:  The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of heat treatment and culture media on the immunoregulatory effects of a probiotic strain, Lactobacillus gasseri TMC0356 (TMC0356).


This draft presents an approach to content on demand that relies on a
session management protocol and SDP offer/answer model [6] to
establish media control and media delivery flows. this approach would
be beneficial for some applications such as IPTV or applications that
require a mix of real-time and streaming flows.


The combined strong earthquake and super tsunami of 12 March 2011 at the Fukushima nuclear power plant imposed the most severe challenges ever experienced at such a facility. Information regarding the plant response and status remains uncertain, but it is clear that severe damage has been sustained, that the plant staff have responded creatively and that the offsite implications are unlikely to be seriously threatening to the health, if not the prosperity, of the surrounding population. Re-examination of the regulatory constraints of nuclear power will occur worldwide, and some changes are likely, particularly concerning reliance upon active systems for achieving critical safety functions and concerning treatments of used reactor fuel. Whether worldwide expansion of the nuclear power economy will be slowed in the long run is perhaps unlikely and worth discussion.


Related with the demands and policies that the Venezuelan system is setting, it´s necessary to make emphasis in the need for continuing formation of teachers in order to optimize their educational practice; even more when teachers now day have to be in constant process of formation and transformation. It´s necessary to mention that this study is part of a macro research that has been done in the U.E.B. The Paramito, Merida State, which presents one of its research purposes: to reveal through the voices of teachers conception of teaching practice from continuing training they receive. Methodologically it was addressed from the qualitative paradigm directed by the Participatory Action, which emerged from a diagnosis made and led to describe a phase research study. In this case they were made work tables, where dialogue prevailed between the actors involved, emerging categories such as were made: practice and experience for action, sharing knowledge, professional skills, which when put into practice can optimize the educational process in the as they strengthen the continuing education of teachers and thus a better quality education.


In this research, textile electrode was developed using electrically conductive polyurethane (PU) foam for electroencephalography (EEG) biopotential measurements. The conductive PU foam was developed through coating of inherently conductive polyaniline (PANI) polymer on PU foam. The conductive PU foam was characterized for surface physical morphology by scanning electron microscope, chemical changes through EDX measurements, and surface resistance and impedance values through two probe resistivity measurement method. The conductive PU foam showed a surface resistance and impedance values of 7 KΩ/square and 1.45 MΩ, respectively. EEG measurements using hospital equipment revealed that the conductive PU foam electrode yielded results similar to commercial Ag/AgCl electrodes. Hence, this study reveals that the conductive PU foam electrode would be a feasible candidate for EEG measurements, particularly for continuous monitoring purposes.


SUMMARY Inheritance of resistance to leaf curl disease in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) was studied in F1F2 and F3 generations in a cross between a cultivated tomato variety and a related wild species (L. pimpinellifolium). The wild species carries a dominant factor for resistance. Other useful variation was also observed in plant size, leaf characters and fruit size. The implications of these variabilities for tomato improvement are briefly discussed.


AbstractLarge-scale roughness renders the flow resistance underestimated with the Manning-Strickler (MS) formula. This can be corrected simply by considering the roughness-induced flow constriction...


To better understand the degree of damage to two Ming Dynasty polychrome wood carvings at Shenzhen Museum,as well as the materials and processes used to make them,and to provide a scientific basis for their conservation and repair,they were examined by super-depth 3-dimensional video microscopy,micro infrared spectroscopy,Raman spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction,X-ray fluorescence,etc. It was concluded that the wood used for the carvings belongs to the family Lauraceae Juss,possibly a species of Cinnamomum Schaeffer. The coatings are polychrome layers. The wood was first coated with a layer of lime,then a textile layer was added. Pigments were applied on the textile layer. Finally,a coating film was brushed on to protect the paintings. The lime layer is plaster and the textile is cotton fabric. Most pigments used are mineral pigments. The blue pigment is ultramarine,the black is carbon black and the golden colour is copper powder. However,the red material is a plant dye-madder root dye. The surface protection film is a modern alkyd resin. A large number of fungal spores and hyphae were found on rotted wood areas and on surface paint layers. It can be concluded that fungi are one of major causes of the wood decay. This study provides a foundation for a better understanding and scientific protection of polychrome wood carvings.


Abstract The following two species are described as new to science: T. clavatus n. sp. and T. lamellaris n. sp. Remarks on their relationships with the closest species are given. One species, T. nitens Grootaert & Meuffels, is recorded for the first time from China


The traditional preparation of carbon materials requires specific polymer precursors and complex procedures. In this work, a series of easily prepared protic ionic liquids and salts (PILs/PSs) based on widely obtainable N-containing bases and acids were synthesized and explored as novel small-molecule precursors for preparing carbon materials via direct carbonization. Protonation enables nearly all N-containing compounds to be directly carbonized to carbon materials without the additional catalyst, tedious synthesis, vacuum system, and etching step that are often involved with conventional precursors. The correlations between the organic precursors and the properties of the carbon materials, in terms of yield, graphitization, N content, thermal stability against oxidation, and porosity, were systematically investigated. Based on the molecular tunability of PILs/PSs, it was possible to obtain task-specific carbon materials through ab initio design of the precursors at the molecular level. Importantly, high...


According to sociocultural expectations, after cancer is removed or its spread stopped, people get a chance to continue with their daily lives. According to patients' experience, the return to 'normal life' after having cancer is full of challenges. During post-recovery, or the period that in cancer narratives is often signified as 'afterwards', people make attempts to return to their everyday activities, but are still confronted by medical follow-ups and the constant fear of cancer reoccurrence. Returning to normal life or 'the life before cancer' may be challenging if not impossible, as the surgeries and other cancer treatments are radical and leave their imprint in the body. Furthermore, the fact of having a life-threatening illness also makes people suffer psychologically. Based on written cancer narratives, which I have analysed in my doctoral thesis (Paal 2010), and online discussions analysed in this article, pain, tiredness, confusion and depression are daily companions for many cancer patients, who are, in the eyes of specialists, cured of their illness and should thus be, according to cultural expectations, healthy again and therefore act accordingly. In this article I observe online discussions on a Finnish cancer forum1 relating to patients' ideas about "life after cancer", which is also one of the forum's subtopics. I suggest that cancer patients compose their written narratives or share their illness experiences online in the hope of offering a different interpretation of the illness experience and thus confronting the culturally agreed image. The main motivation for sharing these personal stories of illness may be interpreted as the cancer patient's desire to receive some responsive understanding from other people, but also from institutions unfamiliar with cancer experience and its meaning on the individual level. According to Mikhail Bakhtin responsiveness in written texts exists, although "the orientation is not particularised in an independent act and not compositionally marked" (Bakhtin 1981, 280). Bearing Bakhtin's significant statement in mind, I have selected for examination three aspects relating to life after cancer : (1) when does life after cancer begin; (2) returning to work; and (3) having children after cancer treatments. The first question aims to draw readers' attention to a socio-culturally ElorE (ISSN 1456-3010), vol. 17 – 2/2010.


This paper presents the formulation and implementation of a new fingerprint pattern-matching algorithm. The algorithm uses the spatial relation between the junction points within the 11 × 11 neighbourhood of the core points to generate the pattern matching scores. The junction points were the points of intersections of straight lines connecting the feature points within the neighbourhood. Experiments were conducted using FVC2002 fingerprint database comprising four datasets of images of different sources and qualities. Three statistics; namely False Match Rate (FMR), False Non-Match Rate (FNMR) and the Average Matching Time (AMT) were generated for measuring the performance of the algorithm on the images. The results obtained demonstrated the effectiveness of the algorithm in distinguishing fingerprint images from different fingers. The results also revealed the failure rate of the algorithm when subjected to images with regions of significant degradations. Finally, findings from comparative analysis of the generated results with what obtained for some recently formulated fingerprint pattern matching algorithms revealed best performance for the proposed algorithm.


The electricity sellers undertake the obligation of Renewable Portfolio Standard. In this paper, the electricity purchasing decision model is established based on conditional value risk considering the Renewable Portfolio Standard of obligation. Monte Carlo simulation is applied to find the risk distribution under uncertainties of demand, price and obligation. This paper will be helpful for electricity sellers to design procurement strategy in electricity market.


The so-called behavioral anomaly detection (BAD) is expected to solve effectively a variety of security issues by detecting the deviances from normal behavioral patterns of protected agents. We propose a new graph-based behavioral modeling paradigm for BAD problem, named behavioral identification graph (BIG), which has distinct advantages over existing methods by mining deeply the property-level (as an enhancement to the event-level) associations in behavioral data. Under BIG, the behavioral properties and their co-occurrence associations in behavioral data are modeled as the entities and relationships of graph, respectively; furthermore, behavioral properties and events are both vectorized by a devised event-property composite model, and the behavioral patterns of agents are finally represented as a multidimensional spatial distribution of behavioral properties. Consequently, for a behavior, the intensity of its behavioral anomaly can be transformed into the spatial decentrality of its behavioral agent and properties which contain both fine-grained information between behavioral properties and coarse-grained information between behavioral events. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to improve behavioral modeling for anomaly detection by integrating inter (event-level) and intra (property-level) associations of behaviors into a unified graph and space. Our method is validated by four representative security issues, i.e., fraud detection in online payment services (by transaction behaviors), intrusion detection in network communication services (by traffic behaviors), insider threat detection in organizational information systems (by system behaviors), and compromise detection in social networking services (by trajectory behaviors).


George Gregory wrote in his book 'The Colonial Presents' in defining the Post colonialism; since the last decades of the 20th century, Andreas Huyssen suggested that the 'present future to present pasts' became the post-colonialism, which is a whole commitment to a future that is free from colonial power, and the growth in the disposition is part of the criticism of continuity between the colonial past and present colonial rule. But they almost denied the capacities that belong to the colonial past are confirmed and activated again in the colonial present. And this is appearing in many histories of the colonialism, but post-colonialism came to distinguish from these projects or histories by the tight relation between culture and power. Building up Apartheid walls is a result to the colonial and Post colonial projects. As wall entered the political concept, we can see many built Apartheid walls through history. The Essay's main aim is to study two selective walls; the Israeli wall in Palestine and Berlin wall, from human rights perspective, which can let readers to have fair information about those two walls, and their effects on people's lives that live or lived beside those walls. A discussion will follow the illustrated information which I took them from many references which include direct information about those two walls. My results are that these two Apartheid walls affect and undermine people's rights who are living beside and around those walls.


Changes in woodland vegetation integrate the consequences of livestock grazing intensity, the alteration of fire regimes, and possible climate alterution, as well as other factors. Quantitative measurements of these changes, if taken over sufficient intervals, can allow evaluation of conservation management strategies. In 1933, vegetation along a 37-km transect in southern Pine Valley, Utah was described from circular 19-m2 plots located every 42 m. The major intermediate management treatment has been reduction of grazing pressure by introduced animals, although a fraction of the area was chained and burned in 1977. During a period climatically and phenologically similar to the original study, we reexamined representative segments of this transect by a more detailed updating of the original "square-foot-density" method. Significantly greater shrub and perennial grass covers (more than threefold increases) were found in 1989, even where overall dominance is still by pinyon-juniper [Pinus monophylla (Torrey & Fremont) and Juniperus osteosperma (Torrey) Little]. This change is more obvious on steeper slopes away from roads and water, where both human and livestock disturbances would be expected to be minimized. Except in the chained portion, the observed shifts in dominance/diversity are contrary to widely accepted expectations.


Children growing up in infant orphanages are the least socially protected group. Children, who are brought up in orphanages, develop severe deformation of personality, identity and intellectual development. Deprivation of maternal care leads to the delay in a child's development - physical, intellectual and social - and may manifest as symptoms of mental and physical diseases. The lack of maternal care, permanent residence in a closed team determine the level of mental development of these children. In this paper, a comparative analysis of neuropsychological development in pupils of children's homes and children in a foster family.


After the examination of 7,010 samples of feces, from March 1957 to February 12, 1959, it is reported the finding of a coccidium identified as Isospora belli Wenyon, 1923, although it was not possible to ascribe to this coccic1iumthe responsability for the clinic picture of the patient on account of simultaneous association of other intestinal parasites.


Aim  This study aimed to quantify changes in fire severity resulting from the invasion of Australia's tropical savannas by the African grass Andropogon gayanus Kunth. (gamba grass).


This article presents two simple deterministic algorithms for finding the Minimum Spanning Tree in O(|V |+ |E|) time for any non-trivial class of graphs closed on graph minors. This applies in particular to planar graphs and graphs of bounded genus. Both algorithms run on a pointer machine and they require no a priori knowledge of the structure of the class except for its density. Edge weights are only compared.


The first polymer bearing exTTF units intended for the use in electrical charge storage is presented. The polymer undergoes a redox reaction involving two electrons at -0.20 V vs Fc/Fc(+) and is applied as active cathode material in a Li-organic battery. The received coin cells feature a theoretical capacity of 132 mAh g(-1) , a cell potential of 3.5 V, and a lifetime exceeding more than 250 cycles.


Abstract This paper explores growers' supply response to the 2005 "Sideways effect" demand shock (Cuellar, Karnowsky, and Acosta, 2009) triggered by the 2004 release of the movie Sideways. We use a modified difference-in-difference approach to evaluate the supply response in California and regional supply response differences within California. We use U.S. Department of Agriculture data for the period 1999–2012 and find evidence of a supply response in the post-release period that is consistent with the "Sideways effect" on wine demand. The positive supply response for Pinot Noir is stronger than the negative response for Merlot and concentrated in lower value Central Valley vineyards. (JEL Classifications: D25, Q12)


Reciprocal transplants of each of five salt marsh plant species were made to determine whether differences in morphology and anatomy between plants at the upper and lower distributional limits of each species were fixed or plastic. At the end of 1 year, Deschampsia cespitosa, Distichlis spicata, Grindelia integrifolia, Jaumea carnosa, and Salicornia virginica all demonstrated morphometric plasticity. Environmental variables were measured to look for correlations between morphological and anatomical changes and environment. Chemical properties of the transplanted soils of D. spicata and of S. virginica became like those of the surrounding soil, while the properties of soil around G. integrifolia and J. carnosa transplants did not change significantly upon being moved. Soil moisture content was always greatest at the lower elevational site and probably accounts for much of the structural change observed in the reciprocal transplants. For example, the increase in the amount of aerenchymatous tissue in S. vir...


Abstract We introduce a theoretical model to scrutinize the conductivity of small polarons in 1D disordered systems, focusing on two crucial – as will be demonstrated – factors: the density of states and the spatial extent of the electronic wave function. The investigation is performed for any temperature up to 300 K and under electric field of arbitrary strength up to the polaron dissociation limit. To accomplish this task, we combine analytical work with numerical calculations.


New multi-group neutron data libraries and a new scheme of fuel burnup have been developed on the basis of the modern ROSFOND evaluated nuclear data files. The upgraded version has a working title - the SAPFIR_RF code. Noise experiments for defining the ratio of total delayed neutron yield to neutron lifetime, βeff/l, were performed to verify the computational scheme of kinetics parameters implemented in the SAPFIR_RF. These experiments have been performed using the homogeneous assemblies with various isotopic composition of uranium-plutonium fuel. In order to analyze and interpret the experimental data correctly, numerical investigations simulating the experimental conditions and features of measurement results processing were performed; these investigations highlighted the need for systematic correction to be made for measurement results. Taking into account the correction, the calculation results are qualitatively and quantitatively in agreement with measurement data within the measurement accuracy of ±8 %. This paper draws on the modern data of Russian neutron data library, ROSFOND, as well as on G.R. Keepin's kinetic parameters and evaluated nuclear data of the foreign libraries, ENDF/B-VI and ENDF/B-VII. Kinetic parameters obtained by G.R. Keepin and ENDF/B-VI library give two extreme evaluations of βeff/l ratio; the difference between them averages ~4,5 %. It should be noted that the calculation results received using Keepin's parameters are closer to experimental data in the most cases.


1. The effect of treatment with 9α‐fluorocortisol (9aFF), a steroid which causes hypertension in sheep, was examined in sheep with ACTH‐induced hypertension.


Evaluated the pollution of several objects of inhabited areas by toxic metals (in the snow, food) in an ore-mining region of Bashkortostan. The results of the element content study in the hair of the local population have been presented. A questionnaire survey and an analysis of the dynamics of general and primary incidence indications have been conducted according to the reports of the State Medical Statistics of 2000-2007. The results of the investigations have shown the regional peculiarities to be responsible for the pollution disorders incidence among the local population. Identified a number of unfavorable trends compared to the general environmental situation in the republic, which are to be taken into account in perspective planning of therapeutic-preventive and health maintaining events.


(57) Abstract: The present invention is a perfluorinated ion-exchange polymer, and is fixed to a network of inorganic oxide comprises in highly dispersed throughout the network, although the network and optionally polymer There has been modified by a silylating agent, to silylated porous microcomposite product. These silylated microcomposite was, various chemical processes, for example can be used in the heterogeneous catalyst composition for esterification and acylation.


A graphical method for obtaining transfer factors for interference problems involving wide-deviation frequency-modulated satellite systems is extended to problems involving interference between line-of-sight radio-relay systems and unloaded and undispersed satellite systems. Interference problems involving single-sideband amplitude-modulated systems are also considered.


A 67-year-old man presented with a 2-week history of worsening dysphagia and associated fevers. This was on a background of recent travel to Malaysia where he first noticed dysphagia to solids however worsening to the point of difficulty in swallowing liquids particularly over the last two days.


The invention provides a preparation method of an instant black tea, which relates to a processing process of the instant black tea. The method comprises the steps of raw dark green tea or golden camellia raw material preparation, extraction, filtering, enzyme auxiliary extraction, concentration, sterilization, drying, granulation and packaging; the method is characterized in that the enzyme auxiliary extraction is carried out after the filtering step, a complex enzyme formed by at least two monomer enzymes is added according to 0.5-0.8% of the weight of the tea so as to carry out enzyme auxiliary extraction on the tea, the mass percentage concentration of the enzyme is controlled at 0.3-0.9%, the enzyme auxiliary extraction time is controlled at 20-70 min, and the enzyme auxiliary extraction temperature is controlled at 40-60 DEG C. The preparation method of the instant black tea, provided by the invention, has the advantages as follows: high extraction rate is achieved; original flavor and taste of the black tea are kept, improved and enhanced; a problem of cream-down in a product manufactured by the traditional technology is solved; the generation of in an instant black tea powder is avoided; a basis is laid for the development of an instant tea functional product; as a large quantity of eurotium cristatum are contained, the product has a greater function of lowering lipid, losing weight and reducing blood sugar; and simple technical process and low production cost are achieved.


The application of evidence-based-medicine (EBM) to manual therapy patients often culminates in the selection of an intervention or protocol for a particular condition. Recently the advent of clinical prediction rules has assisted to make the selection of interventions more specific to a patient rather than a condition, but still the application of evidence often does not extend beyond treatment selection. Some authors in the Physiotherapy literature interpret EBM to indicate that once a treatment decision is made, the clinician should then persist with their chosen course of action unless the particular patient's outcomes are 'very poor'. Most schools of thought within manual therapy however recommend the clinician be responsive to changes in a patient's condition over timeframes ranging from seconds to months or years. This paper will discuss the connection between the responsiveness of a clinician and particularly the last two elements of the EBM triad of best available evidence, clinical experience and patient values. An additional body of evidence is developing that supports responsiveness within the clinical decision-making process . As an example, a summary of our recent research related to the cervical spine will be presented . For patients with non-acute neck pain, immediate changes in specific aspects of stiffness of PA movements were found to be related to immediate changes in impairments. Immediate changes in impairments within a treatment session predicted between-session changes in impairments and changes within one or two treatment sessions predicted end of treatment outcomes. Responsiveness to patient changes can therefore be further justified, at least in non-acute neck pain, by the presence of a series of interconnected links forming an unbroken chain from immediate palpable changes in PA stiffness to end-of-treatment outcomes. Ethical approval was received for each study in this series from the human ethics committees of James Cook or Griffith University


In order to prepare silicon carbide with high properties, three kinds of SiC powders A, B, and C with different composition and two kinds of additives, which were Y2O3-Al2O3 system and Y2O3-La2O3 system, were used in this experiment. The properties of hot-pressed SiC ceramics were measured. With the same additives, different SiC powder resulted in different properties. On the other hand, with the same SiC powder, increasing the amount of the additive Y2O3-Al2O3 improved properties of SiC ceramics at room temperature, and increasing the amount of the additive Y2O3-La2O3 improved property SiC ceramics at elevated temperature. In addition, the microstructure of SiC ceramics was studied by scanning electron microscopy.


The invention relates to a method for manufacturing of strips and / or dot-shaped electrically conductive contacts on a semiconductor device, such as a solar cell, comprising at least the method steps (A) applying a the contacts forming the wet material in the desired touching points and / or point-like arrangement on at least one outer surface of the semiconductor device, (b) drying the wet material by heating the semiconductor device to a temperature T (c) sintering the dried material by heating the semiconductor device to a temperature T (d) cooling the semiconductor device to a temperature T (e) cooling the semiconductor device to a temperature T (F) heating the semiconductor device to room temperature.


Purpose: This study aims to explore the extent to which social innovation is prioritised among a sample of organisations promoting financial inclusion through the provision of affordable credit, advice and financial education. Additionally, we seek to understand the nature of the adopted innovation process and how this is perceived as influencing social change (if at all). Methodology: This exploratory study uses a combination of qualitative, semi-structured, face-to-face interviews with 35 managers in 29 different organisations and three focus groups with 16 practitioners and stakeholders.Findings: Innovation processes are in the main, largely incremental as opposed to radical with organisations focusing on process-led innovations. More notably, most organisations found that they often lacked the required social capital capacity, economic and technological resources and the necessary skills to develop, implement and capitalise on innovations, thus limiting the more radical forms of innovations.Implications: To enhance the capacity of smaller organisations promoting financial inclusion, there is significant potential to engage in more open, co-creational projects/partnerships to deliver greater social impact to vulnerable populations.Contribution: We contribute to the under-researched literature on social innovation by highlighting the extent to which social innovation is given precedence within the sector promoting financial inclusion. Given the contextual and organisational diversity of the sector, highlighting these behavioural practices and circumstances, enable researchers to theoretically advance social innovation theory further and provide more practice-based guidance for organisations to successfully shape social change.


Abstract : It is shown that observed 'reliability growth' may be an artifact of limited-horizon renewal testing. The 'growth' of several estimators of failure rate and MTBF with test time is examined for a stationary renewal process. (Author)


Concept of underactuation makes it possible to create such robotic hands that automatically adapt to the shape of the grasped object without using a complex control system or a large number of actuators. In underactuated hand prostheses, depending upon control strategy used, one can get more and more degree of freedoms (DOFs) to make its prosthetic device more versatile and easy to control. In spite of all the great work done by the researchers on underactuated prosthetic hands, no one has given any relationship between the number of motors (or actuators) and the number of degree of freedoms (DOFs). This novel concept named as "Coefficient of UAM" (CoUAM) is "the ratio between numbers of motors to the number of DOFs". By reviewing various known studies, CoUAM of randomly selected prosthetic hands is calculated separately and analyzed merits/demerits, cost, weight, appearance, ease of controllability and their functionality to make this approach more objective and useful for the future researchers. Hence target of this paper is to assess a Coefficient of UAM (CoUAM) of different types of prostheses available and then classify them into red, green and yellow zones.


The techniques of modern molecular biology are opening promising avenues for the World Health Organization's long-sought goal for the ultimate control of six major tropical diseases—malaria, filariasis, trypanosomiasis, leprosy, schistosomiasis, and leishmaniasis. Among the recent advances in some of these diseases: A candidate vaccine against leprosy is currently undergoing clinical trials; A vaccine against malaria is in sight, and improved drugs, including a new agent from the People's Republic of China, are under active investigation; A new drug for the management and perhaps even prevention of onchocerciasis, or river blindness, is undergoing an extended field trial; Finally, a well-studied and highly promising candidate vaccine against the rotavirus responsible for diarrheal diseases of infants and children is at hand and may be ready for use in a year or two. In addition, novel strategies are being instituted for the better control of many of the


ABSTRACT Our research question concerned how life stories shape university students' understanding of the sustainable use of natural resources. We searched for an answer for this question by listening to the life stories of nine students from a public university in Turkey. The difference between this research and former work is that we were not concerned with professionals rather we interviewed the university students. While interviewing students, we only asked them to think about their life experience so far and tell us what shaped their thinking on sustainability. The evaluations of the stories displayed that the people, time, and places were different, but the outcomes of the stories were not. The students reflected the role of their family, especially their mothers' tendency for the sustainable use of natural resources in shaping their own attitudes and behaviors toward sustainability.


Streptococcus pneumoniae are significant causative agents of severe and life-threatening acute pneumonia, meningitis, as well as otitis and sinusitis both in children and elderly. As many as 1.2 million pediatric lethal outcomes due to pneumonia and infections of the central nervous system (meningitis) caused by S. pneumoniae , are recorded worldwide annually, a large proportion of which occur in developing countries. Metal-dependent IgA1 proteases derived from pathogenic bacteria comprise an important group of bacterial enzymes cleaving human immunoglobulin A1 (IgA1) at the hinge region, thereby interfering with fully-executed host antibacterial immunity. Objective. To study activity of IgA1proteinases and their class profile (Na 2 -EDTA and PMSF-inhibited) in various pneumococcal serotypes isolated from nasopharyngeal carrier children. Materials and methods. There were examined 585 children attending preschool facilities residing in Kazan (n = 331) and rural areas (n = 254). Microbiological, molecular genetics and immunochemical methods were used to identify, serotyping composition and protease activity of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates. Data statistical processing was carried out by using software Graph Pad Prism version 5.0. Results. Prevalence of S. pneumonie in pediatric carriers aged 1.5–3 years was 35.1%, 3–5 years — 23.4%, 5–7 years — 19.6%, and over 7 years — 21.9%. Vaccine serotypes 14, 19F, 23F as a part of current pneumococcal vaccines (Prevenar, Pneumavax-23) comprised as high as 55.8%. However, in 19% of cases were positive for non-vaccine S. pneumoniae strains. Non-typeable strains were detected in 5.8% isolates. IgA-proteinase activity was detected in cell lysates of 45 (86.5%) S. pneumoniae strains isolated from pediatric carriers. Cell lysates of S. pneumoniae strains showing no proteolytic properties, were assigned to serotypes 12F, Sg18. Thus, studies on development of alternative vaccines containing immunogenic proteins, adhesins or other virulence factors common to capsulated and non-typeable (encapsulated) pneumococcal strains hold promise. All the aforementioned accounts for a need for microbiological monitoring of S. pneumoniae carriage and search for new diagnostic approaches for etiological interpretation of S. pneumoniae -associated diseases.


This paper discusses a C_(max) problem for groups of jobs with a general-purpose machine and three special-purpose machines, all running at the same speed. An improved LPT algorithm is derived and accurate bound performance obtained.


5-1 For the most up-to-date product information, see www.gelighting.com. To convert inches to millimeters, multiply by 25.4. All footnote references found at the end of this section. B Reduced Wattage ✐ High Color Rendering. PLUG-IN LAMPS 2-Pin Low Wattage Biax® ......................................................................... 5-7 4-Pin High Lumen Biax® ......................................................................... 5-7 2-Pin Double Biax® .................................................................................. 5-8 4-Pin Double Biax® .................................................................................. 5-8 4-Pin Triple Biax® .................................................................................... 5-8 4-Pin High Output Biax® ......................................................................... 5-9 4-Pin 2D® .................................................................................................. 5-9 SELF-BALLASTED LAMPS Spiral® ..................................................................................................... 5-10 Biax® ........................................................................................................ 5-10 Reflectors ................................................................................................ 5-11 Genura® .................................................................................................. 5-11 Decorative Shapes .................................................................................. 5-12 LAMPS AND ADAPTERS Circlite® ................................................................................................... 5-13 2D®-Electronic ........................................................................................ 5-13 Replacement Adapters .......................................................................... 5-13 ACCESSORIES Locking Devices ..................................................................................... 5-13 BRIGHT STIK® LIGHTING UNITS .............................................. 5-13 CROSS REFERENCE ..................................................................... 5-16


The Italian Communist Party's peak of popularity in the mid-1970s, during its so-called 'Eurocommunist' turn, coincided with a surge of feminist struggles in Italy. While scholarship has treated Communist Party politics and feminism as unrelated historical phenomena, this article provides evidence for their multi-layered 'interweaving'. The term was employed by PCI women themselves to conceptualise how struggles against social and gender inequalities interlock, but also to stress that overcoming women's oppression in Italian society (and beyond) presupposed a reckoning with male dominance – and the peripheral role of the 'women's question' – within their party. The ensuing intra-party debate, reconstructed through sources from the turning-point year of 1976, is a revealing instance of PCI activists' reception of 1970s feminism.


This article is devoted to forming of active professional position of future teachers by means of using interactive methods of learning during pedagogical training.


The website of RTV university library of era of the network has already become the important studying window of distant open education.The article carries on network investigation and analyses the libraries of 44 RTV universities' websites,and puts forward some questions that the RTV university should pay attention to of building the website of Library.


Until recently the enormous penetration of domestic textile markets in Europe, and particularly in the UK where the degree of penetration is approaching elimination, has been ascribed to the difference in hourly labour rates. It is shown that this ceased to apply several years ago and that the USA and Italy are fully capable of dealing effectively with competition and restricting imports. It is shown that this situation existed in the last decade of the millennium, prior to the recent revolution in the design of spinning and weaving machinery. It is shown by reference to ITMF International Cost Comparison statistics that the large hourly wage differential has been gradually neutralised by increasing efficiency in developed economies and by increased disadvantage costs in the newly developed countries (NDCs), and that by 1997 the US mills were capable of competing effectively with the ex-works costs of several NDCs and with the landed costs of the lowest cost producers (India and Indonesia) when adjusted by differences in cotton price and machine activity. The revolution in the design and performance of spinning and weaving machinery that occurred in the last decade has not as yet made significant penetration into industrial practice, but the enormous increases in performance are such as to make it possible to reduce the labour content from the 18% achieved in efficient mills to below 10%. The revolution does not only relate to performance. Weaving machines are now available capable of producing commodity textiles and many niche qualities at production rates hitherto never achieved in the production of simple basic constructions; resulting in significant manufacturing economies in the production of fabrics formerly regarded as specialities with appropriate manufacturing costs. The probable effect of the machinery revolution and the manufacturing costs of textile industries in different locations is considered, and it is shown that at moderate wage levels, i.e. the level currently existing in the USA and the UK, there is still considerable potential in the 1995 technology (the technology considered in the 1997 ITMF International Cost Comparison), and that a replacement must not only demonstrate spectacular improvement hut must do so at moderate capital cost increase. The situation is shown to be different in Switzerland, Denmark, Belgium and Japan where hourly rates are double those currently paid in the USA and the UK. A feasibility study of a new vertical high-tech spinning and weaving mill in the UK is shown to be economically viable, and various suggestions are made as to how a 'Phoenix' operation might be financed.


antibacterial, antiarrhythmic and antihypertensive activities.1 They also exhibit analgesic, anticancer, and antiarrhytmic properties and act as immunosuppresant inhibitors and virucides.2 This type of compound is widely used in the synthesis of tricyclic systems where the tetrahydroquinoline fragment appears annulated in positions 1,8a with pyrrole, pyrrolidine, pyrrolinone or piperidine cycles.3 Spiro[cyclohexane-1,2′ -6′ -methoxy-1′ -(α -chloroacetyl)1′,2′,3′,4′-tetrahydro-4′-methylquinoline] was synthesized from 6-methoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrospiro[quinoline-2,1′-cyclohexane] by chloroacylation with chloroacetyl chloride in the presence of triethylamine according to a procedure described in the literature.4 In this paper we describe the X-ray structure determination of spiro[cyclohexane-1,2 ′ -6 ′ -methoxy-1 ′ -(α -chloroacetyl)1′,2′,3′,4′-tetrahydro-4′-methylquinoline]. The X-ray data were collected by graphite-monochromatized Mo Kα radiation. No absorption correction was applied. Table 1 summarizes the crystal and experimental data. The molecular structure of the title compound is shown in Fig. 1. The bond lengths and angles have normal values. Based on the puckering-parameter values (φ2, θ2 and Q), the six-membered ring of the saturated part of the quinoline moiety has a conformation between twist (T3) and screw-boat (S3), the aromatic ring is planar within the experimental error and the cyclohexane ring at C2 has a chair conformation (C1). The N atom is sp2 hybridized: the sum of the three bond angles around the N atom is 359.7 ̊. The molecular packing is shown in Fig. 2. The molecules in the crystal are packed at normal van der Waals distances. There are 889 ANALYTICAL SCIENCES AUGUST 2000, VOL. 16 2000 © The Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry


The present invention relates to a low-purity glycerol is produced as a by-product from the biodiesel plant to a method for purifying a high purity of 99% or more glycerol. The present invention comprises a step of neutralizing the acid treatment to the soap component in the raw material; Evaporating the low boiling point material than the light component in the glycerin aerosol distillation; Characterized in that it comprises the step of distilling glycerin to a high temperature of 180 ~ 250 ℃ under vacuum. Biodiesel, low-purity glycerin, distilled


Thank you very much for downloading pharmacogenomic testing in current clinical practice implementation in the clinical laboratory. As you may know, people have search hundreds times for their favorite books like this pharmacogenomic testing in current clinical practice implementation in the clinical laboratory, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they cope with some malicious bugs inside their desktop computer.


The socialist theory system with Chinese characteristics has persevered and developed Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought,giving right answer to the basic problem that is "What is socialism and how to construct it",and it is also the second leap in adapting Marxism to the conditions in China.The proposal of the socialist theory system with Chinese characteristics is of great theoretic and practical significance,so we must hold a firm ideal and faith to the further socialist road with Chinese characteristics with no doubt,diversion or relaxation and never double-minded,never keep a slack hand and never do it repeatedly.


Along with the informationization of Land Resource and Housing Management Bureau,there isn't a system to manage the huge and dispersive land and house resources.So a land and house information category system is required.This paper expatiates the function and metadata framework of Land and House Information Category System.Taking the category system of Shenzhen municipal bureau of land resources and housing management as an example,the tentative plan is realized.It concludes that this system has improved the efficiency of search,and realized resource sharing among different department and application.


"Canon," to musicians, means something else. "Wir haben ein Gesetz." That may be the one reason we feel awkward, even a little uneasy, about using the term as it is used in the other arts, to mean (roughly) an enduring exemplary collection of books, buildings, and paintings authorized in some way for contemplation, admiration, interpretation, and the determination of value. We speak of the repertory, or repertories, not of the canon. A canon is an idea; a repertory is a program of action. A deeper reason, I think, has to do with some simple and well-known truths about music's evanescence, that evanescence which makes for special difficulties when we try to talk about music's history. Certainly it is difficult to talk about a canon without also talking about history. Perhaps I can begin a discussion of these difficulties through some simple words once spoken by Mantle Hood, following one of his gracefully polemical seminars. Hood had just urged, in effect, that Western art music be viewed not in terms of a canon but rather as a field of social and cultural activity.


The evolution and maintenance of large-scale software systems requires first an understanding of its architecture before delving into lower level details. Tools facilitating the architecture comprehension tasks by visualization provide different sets of graphical elements. We conducted a controlled experiment that exemplifies the critical role of such graphical elements when aiming at understanding the architecture. The results show that a different configuration of graphical elements influences program comprehension tasks significantly. In particular, a gain of effectiveness by 63% in basic architectural analysis tasks was achieved simply by choosing a different set of graphical elements. Based on the results we claim that significant effort should be spent on the configuration of architecture visualization tools


An overview of the program, Writing Sports at the National Sports Museum, located at the Melbourne Cricket Ground (MCG), is presented. The program, launched on November 15, 2010, is designed to develop a student's understanding and knowledge for composing a range of written and spoken texts through the development of appropriate terminologies and literacy.


Max Born : Flying to the moon is a magnificent triumph of the intellect and a total failure of reason.


Before the development of modern endovascular techniques, vein of Galen aneurysmal malformations (VGAMs) carried a dismal prognosis. A 100% mortality rate for surgical treatment was almost uniformly reported in early series.2 Modern treatment strategies have changed the outlook of this condition with survival rates approaching 80% in treated patients. This improvement is largely due to endovascular treatment coupled with advancements in (antenatal) diagnostic opportunities, improvements in perinatal intensive care management, and an overall multimodality teamwork approach. In this issue of the Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics, Li and coworkers4 report their 21-year experience with this challenging but uncommon condition. Of 26 patients evaluated over this time interval, 21 received endovascular treatment and constitute the focus of their report. Their treatment strategy is modeled after the guidelines established by Lasjaunias and coworkers.3 In neonates presenting in distress due to cardiocirculatory compromise, the goal is to decrease hemodynamic stress through partial transarterial embolization while deferring definitive treatment until the patient is older. Treatment should not be pursued in neonates with severe compromise of the brain parenchyma or in those with associated severe systemic conditions. With an improved mortality rate, more emphasis is placed on the functional outcome of these children and their neurological development. Significant developmental delay has been reported in 16%–40% of patients.1 In 1 report, developmental delay was associated with the pathoanatomical variation of the choroidal type and presentation with congestive heart failure.2 No such association was noted in the present series.4 Although the therapeutic strategy of the Toronto group has been to delay treatment in stable infants, the authors' data may suggest that early treatment is associated with better psychomotor development. However, this observation may be a mere consequence of the strategy of pursuing treatment past the neonatal stage only after the development of hydrocephalus or failure to achieve neurodevelopmental milestones. It is possible that once brain development has been compromised by the VGAM hemodynamics, such developmental changes cannot be reversed even after successful treatment of the underlying lesion. Further investigations should focus on possible predictors of developmental alterations so that earlier treatment can be offered to these at-risk patients. I wonder if the authors of this report have any insight into possible angioarchitecture, hemodynamic, or imaging characteristics predictive of a worse neurological outcome. Despite overall improved outcomes, VGAMs continue to represent a formidable challenge. Arterial access can be difficult, and the amount of contrast that can be safely administered is limited by the small size and the often compromised or borderline renal function. The transarterial approach used here (and previously described by Lasjaunias and colleagues3 in detail) with highly concentrated glue is technically demanding. Moreover, endovascular procedures in these neonates are performed in conditions of extreme distress. The complexities of endovascular treatment also extend to the entire team treating these patients, including pediatric intensivists, anesthesiologists, cardiologists, neurologists, and neurosurgeons. In the present series, 2 of 7 neonates died during treatment. These challenges and the rarity of this condition suggest that, ideally, its treatment should be limited to a few regional centers. The incredible experience of Lasjaunias and colleagues3 at the Hopital de Bicetre, with more than 216 cases treated at their institution, demonstrates this to be possible even in a disease with such a level of acuity.


In this article, we explore how violence is constructed in an online discussion forum to the Fees Must Fall social movement in South Africa. Our analysis shows how the discursive constructs of race, students as delinquents, and the police force as necessary to social order allow for some forms of violence to be justified and valorized and other forms to be denounced as illegitimate and deviant. Given South Africa's tumultuous racial past and its endorsement of structural violence as legitimate form of social control and discipline, it is not surprising that the function and place of violence in the current student protests has arisen as particularly contentious for many in the country. The interface with the racial profile of the movement has made this use of violence even more problematic in how the public engage with the claims to violence by different social actors. We argue that the framing of police violence as merely responsive, necessary to law and order and depoliticizing of the student movement in this forum make it possible to justify brutal acts of police violence.


Laser projection has been realized using a 2d micromechanical scanner mirror. for handheld devices it is advantageous to compensate motion. This can be realized using inertial sensors for motion detection and the implementation of a compensation algorithms. The projector must provide sufficient dynamic range for the compensation. A demo system was realized and tested successfully.


ABSTRACT This article analyzes how curatorial practices deal with coloniality and, in a broader sense, with the legacies of colonialism and imperialism in our postcolonial present. To do so, it approaches the curatorial landscape of the Iberian territories in a moment of a radical geopolitical transformation, marked by the inclusion of Portugal and Spain in the European Union, the critical responses to the commemoration of their imperial past, and the rethinking of their postcolonial, post-dictatorship identity. Frequently framed from the point of view of exceptionalism, in a separated way, this article argues that Iberian postcoloniality can be better understood when approached from a comparative perspective.


We present some results concerning the uniform Lyapunov stability of the generalized solution of an equilibrium problem for thermoviscoelastic materials [9]. These results are similar to those obtained in [4-7]. The results in [4] were subsequently developed for exterior domains in [8].


Field trial was carried out during the early cropping seasons of 2007 and 2008 at University of Uyo Teaching and Research Farm, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria to evaluate the effects of poultry manure rates (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, and 22 t/ha) on growth and yield of pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.). A randomized complete block design with three replicates was used. Results showed that increase in poultry manure rate resulted in increase in growth and yield of pepper up to 8 t/ha rate. It also showed decline in yield with application rate above 8t/ha. Application of 8 t/ha produced 22.75 and 23.56 t/ha of fresh pepper in 2007 and 2008, respectively while 10 t/ha produced 22.70 and 23.91 t/ha of fresh pepper in 2007 and 2008, respectively. This implies that application above 8t/ha rate will not be economical and beneficial to the farmer.


Background: Metformin is an antihyperglycemic biguanide that is used as the first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Metformin use helps control T2DM which is one of the many risk factors for cancer and is proposed to have multiple antagonistic actions against cancer cells. Metformin induces adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-driven cascades, involving two pathways, a direct and an indirect one. This leads to a decrease in the mechanistic activity of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), folate level, c-MYC (a family of regulator genes and proto-oncogenes), NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa of B cell), and also increases tumor suppressor P53 phosphorylation. These cascades will also decrease cyclin D1, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and increase mTOR complex1 (mTORC1) concentrations, apoptosis, and autophagy. Metformin also exerts anti-inflammatory effects through reducing interleukins 6 (IL6) and 8 (IL8), inhibition of protein translation via LKB1 (liver kinase B1), increasing expression of GPD1 (glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1) which suppresses cancer by inhibiting mitochondria, inducing cell apoptosis, and inhibiting leptin while increasing adiponectin production.    We would like to assess the anticancer effect of metformin on various types of malignancies.  Methods:  The 266 cancer patients diagnosed in 2018–2019 in King Fahd Hospital of the University (KFHU) were divided into non-diabetic and diabetic cancer patients (with or without metformin).  The data includes age, gender, body mass index (BMI), type of cancer with grades and stages, T2DM, with or without metformin, complications, and fate etc. of each case.  Results: Out of 300, 266 were selected for the analysis. The results showed the statistical significance (p value 0.022) of metformin use on the cancer grade at diagnosis that favorably influences the morbidity/mortality.   Conclusions: Metformin might have an anti-cancer effect on the grade of cancer at the time of diagnosis regardless of its dosage, and this might improve the prognosis of malignancy.


The ability of anaerobic microorganisms to degrade a wide variety of crude oil components was investigated using chronically hydrocarbon-contaminated marine sediments as the source of inoculum. When sulfate reduction was the predominant electron-accepting process, gas chromatographic analysis revealed almost complete n-alkane removal (C15−C34) from a weathered oil within 201 d of incubation. No alteration of the oil was detected in sterile control incubations or when nitrate served as an alternate electron acceptor. The amount of sulfate reduced in the oil-amended nonsterile incubations was more than enough to account for the complete mineralization of the n-alkane fraction of the oil; no loss of this anion was observed in sterile control incubations. The mineralization of the alkanes was confirmed using 14C-14,15-octacosane (C28H58), with 97% of the radioactivity recovered as 14CO2. These findings extend the range of hydrocarbons known to be amenable to anaerobic biodegradation. Moreover, the rapid and e...


Due to its distinct electromagnetic properties with dielectric anisotropy, liquid crystal technology is a viable option for reconfigurable microwave and millimeter-wave components. While 0-180° and 0-360° phase tuning have been evidenced in our past prototypes, this research focuses on the effect of vias' heights on the loss characteristics at 60 GHz. A reconfigurable passive inverted microstrip line loaded with liquid crystals is modelled, featuring interfaced with external connectors by top-launch microstrip lines and plated-through-hole copper-filled vias that connect the top and bottom metal layers. Power dissipative analysis reveals that as the vias' height increases from 0.04 guided wavelength to 0.25 guided wavelength, radiation loss rises from 22.12% to 45.74% of the input power, and return loss increases from 8.51% to 19.01%, i.e., jointly and negatively impact the forward transmission that declines from 34.67% to 9.46%. Interestingly, copper loss and liquid crystal loss are declining with the rise of the vias' height.


The opera originated in Italy. Researchers, right up to the exact date, say the time, when the first piece of music, called the opera today, was written. Nevertheless, the opera form has its own history, despite the fact that it was still a new art form at that time. The roots of this musical style go back to the musical everyday life of ancient Italian village entertainments, so-called «May» games, accompanied by songs and dramatic performances. Around the middle of the 13th century, in Umbria on the squares, people began to hold lauds, religious chants on the plots of gospel themes, which became in the next two centuries the basis for sacred performances (sacre rappresentazioni), a genre close to the mystery. In it, the music was also closely associated with the dramatic action. Thus, the opera, having arisen at the end of the 16th century as a kind of theatrical performance, accompanied by music, has its roots deep into the centuries of the Italian folk art. So, in the vocal class, it is necessary to acquaint students with the works of great composers, genres of musical art, theatrical productions and acting. At the same time, vocals, plastic, dance, acting – all this should be present in the future specialist at the highest professional level.


Cotton plant allelochemicals were fed to bollworm, Heliothis zea (Boddie), larvae and effects on responses to insecticides and levels of detoxifying enzymes were measured. Addition of 0.1 % gossypol or lyophilized cotton flower buds induced increased tolerance to the easily metabolized organophosphate insecticide methyl parathion. In contrast, feeding freshly excised flower buds to larvae decreased tolerance to methyl parathion. Neither type of diet affected toxicity of the pyrethroid insecticide permethrin. Aldrin epoxidation was induced in larvae fed flower bud diets. Data indicated that bollworm larvae use the same enzymatic pathways to respond to plant allelochemicals and insecticides. Differences in responses may relate most closely to variations in the concentration of allelochemicals in the diet.


Despite the growing body of research on how control modes shape platform governance, little is known about how and why input control (i.e., the set of mechanisms that screen and sort out complementors and their complements before entering the digital platform's ecosystem) affects complementors' perceived performance. Drawing on platform governance literature, we conducted an online survey with 286 sellers on Amazon, one of the largest e-marketplace platforms worldwide. Our results reveal that perceived input control decreases complementors' performance and that this effect is explained through intrinsic motivation. Furthermore, input control fairness moderates the impact of perceived input control on complementors' intrinsic motivation. Counterintuitively, perceived input control has no direct effect on complementors' performance when accounting for intrinsic motivation. Thus, our findings extend literature on platform governance and offer practical insights for platform providers on how to manage their input control mechanisms for the success and sustainability of their digital platforms.


Collecting lymphatics exhibit spontaneous contractions that are exquisitely sensitive to pressure/flow. The activity of these series‐coupled segments propels lymph centrally and serves as an important mechanism to counteract edema. Previously, the pumping behavior of rat mesenteric lymphatics was examined in vivo using cardiac pump indices to analyze adaptations to systemic volume expansion. To quantify this behavior under conditions where input/output pressures and flow could be better controlled, we studied similar vessels after isolation and cannulation in vitro. Segments 2–3 mm in length and ~100 um in diameter were viewed at ~600x using an inverted microscope and diameter tracking system. Pressures at the tips of the inflow and outflow cannulae were controlled independently using a servo system. Pressure in the inter‐valve segment was measured with a servo‐null pipette. Dynamic changes in the pressure (P)‐volume (V) loops representing single contraction cycles were analyzed in response to abrupt (20 ms) steps in afterload and/or preload. Increases in preload led to horizontal expansion of the loop and curvilinear increases in end diastolic V. Increases in afterload expanded the loop vertically; at P>6 cmH2O it collapsed and end systolic V increased. This system can be used to dissect the interaction of intrinsic and extrinsic factors controlling lymphatic contractility.


A microscopic model is presented for anharmonic vibrations of ethylidyne, 3/4 CCH3, chemisorbed on the Pt(111) surface. The model includes 24 vibrational modes of the adsorbate and of the solid. A quantum‐mechanical calculation based on second‐order perturbation theory is used to interpret experimental data on vibrations of 3/4 CCH3/Pt(111) and 3/4 CCD3/Pt(111). The measured temperature dependence of the CC infrared fundamental and of the umbrella mode fundamental can be accounted for by anharmonic coupling between the CC stretch and the three PtPt stretch coordinates at the base of the adsorbate. Line shapes calculated using classical molecular dynamics disagree significantly with quantum‐mechanical results, the apparent reason being overestimation of vibrational energy transfer in the classical calculation. A semiclassical approximation is suggested, in which all the high frequency adsorbate modes except the infrared absorbing mode are frozen; the remaining modes are treated by classical mechanics. The ...


Familial hypercholesterolemia is an autosomal dominant disorder [1-4] in which heterozygotes manifest hypercholesterolemia, tendinous xanthomas, and, in the third to sixth decade of life, signs of coronary heart disease [3, 4]. Homozygotes manifest a much more severe clinical syndrome characterized by a profound hypercholesterolemia often exceeding 800 mg/dl, cutaneous planar xanthomas appearing within the first 4 years of life, and rapidly progressive coronary heart disease developing in childhood and eventuating in death from myocardial infarction, often before age 20 [3, 5, 6]. Recent investigations in our laboratory have established that the cultured fibroblasts from subjects with familial hypercholesterolemia overproduce cholesterol because of a genetically determined abnormality in the regulation of the enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl Coenzyme A reductase (HMG CoA reductase), the rate-controlling enzyme in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway [7]. Our original studies indicated that, when fibroblasts were cultured in the presence of serum, the activity of HMG CoA reductase in cells of three homozygotes with familial hypercholesterolemia was about 40-fold higher than in cells of seven control subjects. The enhanced enzyme activity in the mutant cells resulted from a nearly complete absence of normal feedback suppression of the enzyme by the low-density lipoproteins of the serum in which the cells were grown [7-9]. The fibroblasts of two obligate heterozygotes showed a degree of enzyme inhibition by low-density lipoproteins intermediate between that of controls and homozygotes [7]. These studies raised the following questions. (1) Is the defect in regulation of HMG CoA reductase activity in homozygotes a specific genetic marker for familial hypercholesterolemia or is it merely a reflection of severe hypercholesterolemia and


We review the basic information requirements for compliance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) and the OECD's Principles of Corporate Governance (CG). The fundamental proposition of the paper is that information flow is a critical factor for the CG success or failure and information flow is dependent on the information system that the firm is using. The flaw is not the technology itself but in Enterprise Systems' design. This analysis reveals that corporate governance principles cannot be implemented without the implementation of modern enterprise systems that can secure disclosure and transparency. Information dissemination and information control are essential to comply with SOX and OECD principles.


American Forests, the nation's oldest citizen conservation organization established in 1875, embarked on a project to analyze the value of urban forest ecosystems in 1990. By 1995 the staff at American Forests had developed a technique for measuring the structure of the land and was searching for the best available scientific and engineering models for calculating the effect of the structure of the land on the functions of air, water, and energy. In 1995 American Forests asked the national hydraulic engineer at the Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS) to help American Forest find a solution to a stormwater problem facing communities. He was willing to help, and several months later the TR-55 stormwater model was adapted to a Geographic Information System software application developed by American Forests called CITYgreen. Since that first application, the application to the CITYgreen model has been improved 6 times and the latest version is called CITYgreen for ArcGIS.


Two new results are added to the theory of Time Delay Spectrometry (TDS). The rst is the discovery of a fundamental property of the complex linear frequency sweep. This property allows for perfect reconstruction of the desired spectrum. The second result is a reenement to the deenition of space equivalent bandwidth. Implementation issues are addressed and a computer simulation is described which exploits these new results. Precise expressions for error are developed. 0 Introduction Time Delay Spectrometry (TDS) was rst proposed by Heyser 1] as a means of measuring the frequency response of loudspeakers in reverberant environments. A review of TDS theory is presented which introduces the intuitive and mathematical basis to the technique. A new theoretical result is presented which addresses a fundamental limitation of current TDS technology. Practical implications of the result are discussed and precise expressions for the measurement error are derived. The choice of lter is discussed and design equations are derived which result in a new expression for space equivalent bandwidth. Some of the issues related to implementation of the results are discussed and, nally, the results of a computer simulation are presented. These results are consistent with theoretical predictions and indicate that the theory presented in this paper has the potential to signiicantly improve the accuracy of TDS measurements. 1 Time Delay Spectrometry 1.1 Intuitive Development TDS is now understood as a multidimensional integral transform technique, with far ranging applicability well beyond the scope of its initial intended use of loudspeaker characterisation 2, 3, 4]. Even so, the principal concept is easily understood when presented in terms of this application.


The results of application of аromatherapy with a massage and autogenic training are examined in a physical rehabilitation. In research took part men aged 50-55 years, sufferings hypertensive illness of the I degree. It is marked that major reason of development of hypertensive illness is a decline of motive activity of patients, susceptibility to the nervous overloads and stresses, unbalanced feed, violation of the mode of labour and rest. Application of complex physical rehabilitation is recommended: medical gymnastics with the elements of the autogenic training, аromatherapy with a massage, dietotherapy, physiotherapy.


Introduction: Fulminant hepatitis is a very rare disease that occurs as an acute liver failure within eight weeks of the onset of symptoms following hepatitis A in adults or in patients with a history of chronic hepatitis B or C [1]. Case presentation: There were three cases in this research. The first case was a self-employed male patient aged 26 years from Gaz Borkhar, admitted to Al-Zahral Hospital on January 1, 2016 for fever, chills and vomiting. The second patient was a 20-year-old male athlete from Lenjan and was hospitalized on May 3, 2016 for fever, chills, anorexia, yellowing of the skin, and low consciousness. The third case was a 20-year-old male employee from Isfahan who visited Al-Zahra Hospital for developing nausea, vomiting, and discolored urine, followed by icterus. Conclusion: all patients were young without any underlying disease. Although the disease had a very progressive course leading to coma, all cases fortunately survived through supportive measures and returned to their normal lives.


The
emergence backgrounds and advances of sustainable development were reviewed,the various
representative'definitions'of sustainable development were integratively analyzed,the
relationships between sustainable development and economic growth,economic
development,environment protection were studied respectively.


This field study determines the reactions of male and female consumerse to director response advertising whose purpose is to attract them to retail stores. This study determines the impact of direct response advertising both on store traffic and in-store purchasing. In-store purchasing is investigated two ways: purchasing of items shown in the direct response advertising and the spill over sales that arise from in-store purchases of nonadvertised merchandise. Furthermore, this research ascertains whether or not it is necessary to use sale merchandise in the direct response advertising. Suggestions for further research are provided.


ecological moral education is a new type of education which has a positive significance to enhance the public sense of resources and environmental protection, and to extend the traditional moral education. We should take some action to lead the public to establish the corrected ecological moral view.


Although the human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is still very much a silent issue in South Africa, the AIDS pandemic has become a public problem which is threatening to a significant proportion of the population of South Africa (Heartbeat 2002:1; Kaseke and Gumbo 2001:53). HIV infections are on the rise and people are dying every day of AIDS related diseases (Msomi, 2000:8). Thus, the overall aim of this research was to determine how the HIV/AIDS orphans'/vulnerable children' psychosocial status is affected by the HIV/AIDS disease. The study was conducted in the Bojanala Region of the North West Province. A purposeful sampling was used because four (4) schools were suggested by the Department of Social Services in the Rustenburg Area due to their high populace with HIV/AIDS orphans. The other four (4) schools were suggested by the Auxiliary Services Division in the Bojanala Region of Education. The literature revealed that failure on part of the parent, guardian and/or teachers to meet the psychological needs of the child at a certain stage in his/her development may result in personality disorders, which can become a potential danger and a source of unhappiness to the individual him/herself (cf. 2.5). Furthermore, it was evident from the literature that chronic parental illness may have a traumatic effect on young children because both parents may neglect a child (cf. 4.2). The literature also revealed that children should not be viewed as passive recipients of assistance, but as active participants who play a key role in the development of responses to the HIV/AIDS pandemic. Receiving quality services is a right and a need not only of AIDS orphans, but also of all children (cf. 4.6). From the quantitative data analysis, the following findings emerged, that HIV/AIDS orphans/vulnerable children are optimistic about their future. Children do not blame themselves for their parents' death. Arising from this research certain conclusions were drawn, recommendations were made and areas for possible future research were suggested. KEY TERMS: HIV/AIDS Death Aids orphans Poverty Primary school children Homeless Child headed families Stigmatisation Vulnerable children Foster care Psychosocial development Stress


In this paper, I introduce the ideas to be discussed in the articles of this journal with reference to an imaginary case involving a pregnant woman declared dead on the basis of neurological criteria. I highlight the fact that although these ideas have proved useful for advancing certain claims in bioethical debates, their implications are not always well understood and may complicate our arguments. The ideas to be discussed are (1) an ethic internal to the profession of medicine; (2) the difference between killing and letting die; (3) the organism as a whole; and (4) the "lives" and interests of the dead.


Background : physical activity can cause oxidative stress and tissue damage. Lier is an important organ that has many functions. Physical activity reduces blood perfusion to the liver and can damage liver cells. Consuming exogenous antioxidants is one way to prevent cell damage from oxidative stress. Purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) is one source of antioxidants due to the high content of antosianin. Fermentation can increase the stability of antioxidants. Aim : To investigate the effect of fermented purple sweet potato extracts (Ipomoea batatas L.) with AST and ALT levels in blood after maximal physical activity Methods : This study uses a true experimental design with post test only control group design in male rats. The research uses 24 samples of rats with 4 different treatments. The treatment whom given is fermented purple sweet potatoes extracts (Ipomoea batatas L.) and provision of maximum physical activity in rats, while the output is AST and ALT levels in rats blood. Results:Posthoc LSD test was observed that AST and ALT levels is higher and significant difference (AST: p=0,012 dan ALT: p=0,037) on rats with maximum physical activity (AST K2=241,04±49,20 / ALT K2=94,76±32,29) compare with control group (AST K1=178,28 ± 39,60/ ALT K1=68,58 ± 11,26). Group with consumption of fermented purple sweet potatoes extract for 7 days (AST K3=162,64 ± 21,76 / ALT K3=52,98 ± 7,77) have lower but not significant difference (AST: p=0,488 dan ALT: p=0,194) with control group (AST K1=178,28 ± 39,60/ ALT K1=68,58 ± 11,26). AST and ALT levels on rats who was given fermented purple sweet potatoes extract and doing maximum physical activity (AST K4=187,54 ± 20,08/ ALT K4=63,7 ± 9,82) lower and significant difference (AST: p=0,027dan ALT: p=0,016) with group who was doing maximum physical activity(AST K2=241,04±49,20 / ALT K2=94,76±32,29). Conclusion: There is a significant effect of the fermented purple sweet potato extract (Ipomoea batatas L.) with AST and ALT levels in rat blood after maximum physical activity


Malignant tumor metastasis is an important biological feature of the main obstacles to the clinical treatment of cancer and the root cause of cancer deaths.To the majority of solid tumors,lymph node metastasis is the main transfer method.Recent studies show that CCL21/CCR7 axis plays an important role in malignant lymph node metastasis.CCL21/CCR7 axis in cancer therapy research has made significant progress.Therefore,the study of CCL21/CCR7 axis may find a new breakthrough for tumor targeted therapy.This text is a review of the research advances on CCL21/CCR7 axis in malignant lymph node metastasis.


The article is dealing with parameters which need to be considered for wider grow of using electric vehicles. Parameters are from broad ranges - technical, financial and even psychological. Humanity is facing unheralded changes in living condition. A huge using of fossil fuel-based technology enable us to grow in population, but it caused a significant imbalance in the Earth resources and unwise use of them for short prosperity.


In order to decrease the power consumption greatly and ensure the valve to run reliably in a long term,an ideal current waveform in the winding is necessary.In this paper,based on HEUI injector,simulation about PWM control method is conducted.The results indicate that increasing the voltage exerted on the winding is benefit for fast response,while the opening pulse and PWM pulse duty factor determine the current in different phase,and the PWM pulse frequency affects stability of the current.The results provide the foundation of valve soft control.


About one-third of U.S. high-school-age adolescents smoke or use smokeless tobacco, according to a recent Surgeon General's report.

More than 3 million U.S. adolescents smoke cigarettes; and more than 1 million adolescent males use smokeless tobacco, Surgeon General Joycelyn Elders, M.D., FAAP, stated in her report, Preventing Tobacco Use Among Young People .


Background: Joint swelling and tenderness are common in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Swollen to tender joint count ratio (STR) is an index originally used in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) which assesses severity of disease activity based on 28 joint counts [1]. In RA, STR is a predictor of treatment response with a higher score indicating greater likelihood of responding. Objectives: To characterize SLE patients in a real-world cohort based on disease activity as defined by STR. Methods: The OM1 SLE Registry (OM1, Boston, MA) follows more than 37,000 SLE patients longitudinally with deep clinical data, including laboratory, patient-reported and disease activity information, and linked administrative claims, starting from 2013. Patients ≥16 years of age with swollen and tender joint counts based on 28 joints on the same encounter were included. STRs were calculated by inserting 1 if the denominator was 0 [2]. Patients were categorized by first available STR as having low (STR 1.0) disease activity. Clinical characteristics were summarized by disease activity group. Definitions of SLE treatments were based on 2019 EULAR recommendations [3]. Results: As of December 2019, there were 9,919 patients with at least one STR available in the OM1 SLE Registry. STR was low in 80.4%, moderate in 12.2%, and high in 7.4% of patients. Mean age overall was 52.1 years (standard deviation: 14.8), 92.1% were female, and 71.8% of 7,730 patients with known race were white. Clinical characteristics by STR group are described in Table 1. Antimalarial use decreased and immunosuppressant use increased with increasing STR. Use of select disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) was higher among patients with moderate or high STR. Lupus nephritis was more common in patients with low STR. A higher proportion of patients with moderate STR had osteoarthritis. The proportion of patients with anxiety and depression decreased with increasing STR. On average, patient and physician global assessments from MDHAQ were higher for patients with moderate STR. Conclusion: Differences in treatments received were apparent between patients of varying disease activity groups with trends towards increased use among patients with higher disease activity. Additional research is needed to determine the utility of this measure for assessing SLE-related outcomes. References: [1]Cipriano et al., Reumatismo 2015 Sept 16;67(2):62-7 [2]Hammer HB et al., Arthritis Rheumatol 2016; 68 (suppl 10) [3]Fanouriakis et al., Ann Rheum Dis. 2019;78:736-745 Disclosure of Interests: None declared


Infrared and polarized Raman spectra of (NH 4 ) 3 H(SO 4 ) 2 have been recorded and analysed. Multiple bands are observed for the vibrational modes of SO 4 2− and NH 4 + groups. HSO 4 − and SO 4 2− ions are found to coexist with vibrational interaction between them. NH 4 + ion is not rotating freely in the lattice


Abstract A phytochemical study of the methanol extract of the leaves of Embelia schimperi resulted in the isolation of three new alkenylresorcinols, 1 – 3, together with the known analogs 4 – 7. Their structures were established by a combination of spectroscopic techniques. Compounds 1 – 7 exhibited moderate cytotoxic activity against human cervical cancer cells HeLa-S3 and more pronounced antimicrobial properties towards bacteria and filamentous fungi. The present study falls into an ongoing research project on the characterization of bioactive phenolic lipids from plants of the family Primulaceae.


The joys and challenges of being a parent are especially evident during adolescence. Given the many suggestions and techniques that are provided in the book, it is important for parents to identify what might interfere with their ability to implement them. Therefore, this chapter looks that the issue of self-reflection, or examining how a parent's past affects current behavior and how they are related. Trauma, a history of depression, and current depression are all issues that are examined. A case is presented of a mother who was overly concerned about her daughter's social life because of the negative role-modeling and expectations she had absorbed from her past. Another case of a family with an isolated teenage boy is also analyzed. Numerous paths to self-reflection are identified and described.


Salmonella enterica serovar typhi (S.typhi) is one of the most important gram negative bacteria that cause enteric fever and stimulate the immune response in infected patients. This study aimed to compare the humoral and cellular immune responses in patients infected with S.typhi. For this, the concentration of three immunological markers viz., Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), Cluster of Differentiation 19 (CD19), and Interleukin 23 (IL-23) were measured by the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay in the serum of 54 S.typhi infected patients, and 31 healthy individuals. The results demonstrated a significant increase (P =<0.05) in the serum concentration of MIF in patients infected with acute infection of S. typhi compared with healthy individuals but there were no significant differences in chronic infection. While there was a significant increase (P =<0.05) in serum concentration of CD19 and IL-23 in patients infected with acute and chronic infection of S.typhi as compared with healthy individuals. In conclusion, macrophage migration inhibitory factor plays a vital role in patients infected with acute infection of S. typhi and has no synergism with T-cell and B-cell in acute and chronic infection.


Researchers Daniel Doerge and Daniel Sheehan, two of the Food and Drug Administration's experts on soy, signed a letter of protest, which points to studies that show a link between soy and health problems in certain animals. The two say they tried in vain to stop the FDA approval of soy because it could be misinterpreted as a broader general endorsement beyond benefits for the heart. The text of the letter follows.


The article discloses the main directions for developing innovation activity of industrial enterprises under the conditions of digitalization of the world economy. It has proven to be necessary to elaborate effective mechanisms for managing innovation activity of industrial enterprises in making the transition to the fourth industrial revolution, at the core of which are digital technologies providing for the advancement of the world economy digitalization processes. The substantiation is given to the methodological approaches to studying the patterns in the formation of a mechanism for managing innovative activity of industrial enterprises against the background of the economy digitalization with the synthesis of the Theory of the Firm and application of systematic approach, thereby disclosing their role and significance as agents and object of the digital economy. The analysis of the current situation in the area of boosting digitalization processes in the world economy has allowed us to assess the prospects and directions for development of innovative activity of industrial enterprises and make the case for defining the strategic trajectories of the development. There have been suggested strategic trajectories for developing innovative activity of industrial enterprises with regard to the benefits and drawbacks of the world economy digitalization. Keywords—economy digitalization; development of innovation activity; industrial enterprises; the 4th industrial revolution; strategic trajectories of development


Problems caused by the change of competition rules were explored in this study through analysis of the changed rules to rationally arrange the principles of training and training periods.